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Kuo KH, Oluyadi A, Shao H, Morris S, Zaidi AU, Beers EJV, Thein SL. A PHASE 2/3, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED STUDY OF MITAPIVAT IN PATIENTS WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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2
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Glaros AK, Callaghan MU, Smith WR, Zaidi AU. Targeting TRPV1 activity via high‐dose capsaicin in patients with sickle cell disease. eJHaem 2022; 3:653-659. [PMID: 36051054 PMCID: PMC9421981 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests neuropathic pain (NP) develops over time in sickle cell disease (SCD), contributing to a complex, difficult‐to‐treat phenotype, with management based on scant evidence. One characteristic of NP found is hyperalgesia caused by nervous system sensitization, but risk factors for this have not been identified within the SCD population, as exact mechanisms leading to its development are not well defined. The SPICE (Sickle cell Pain: Intervention with Capsaicin Exposure) trial was a pilot safety and feasibility trial of high‐dose (8%) topical capsaicin for patients with SCD and recurrent/chronic pain with neuropathic features, aimed at exploring capsaicin's utility as a mechanistic probe and adjunctive pain treatment for this population. Ten participants identifying “target” sites of pain with NP‐type qualities consented to treatment. The primary endpoint was safety/tolerability. The novel Localized Peripheral Hypersensitivity Relief score (LPHR) was developed to determine improvement in sensitivity attributable to TRPV1 neutralization. There were no severe treatment‐related adverse events. Higher baseline pain sensitivity at a given body site was associated with self‐reported history of more frequent localized vaso‐occlusive pain episodes at that site. There was a statistically significant improvement in the mean LPHR, evidencing TRPV1's importance to the development of hypersensitivity and a potential therapeutic benefit of capsaicin for SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K. Glaros
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine Mount Pleasant Michigan USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology‐Oncology Children's Hospital of Michigan Detroit Michigan USA
| | - Michael U. Callaghan
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine Mount Pleasant Michigan USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology‐Oncology Children's Hospital of Michigan Detroit Michigan USA
| | - Wally R. Smith
- Division of General Internal Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Ahmar U. Zaidi
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine Mount Pleasant Michigan USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology‐Oncology Children's Hospital of Michigan Detroit Michigan USA
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3
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Zaidi AU, Glaros AK, Lee S, Wang T, Bhojwani R, Morris E, Donohue B, Paulose J, Iorga ŞR, Nellesen D. A systematic literature review of frequency of vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:460. [PMID: 34727959 PMCID: PMC8561926 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a collection of rare inherited blood disorders affecting approximately 100,000 people in the U.S. and 20-25 million people globally. Individuals with SCD experience recurrent episodes of severe and unpredictable pain that are caused by vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs), a hallmark of the disease. VOCs are the primary cause of hospitalization in SCD, result in missed workdays and school days, and decrease quality of life (QoL). Although VOCs cause significant burden in the lives of individuals with SCD, there is no synthesis on the frequency of VOCs in the real world. This systematic literature review sought to identify literature describing the frequency of VOCs experienced by individuals with SCD in real-world settings. METHODS MEDLINE and 6 congresses were searched (date range: January 1, 2000 to June 30, 2020). Studies were reviewed independently by two researchers. Studies assessing frequency or prevalence of VOCs or VOC-related outcomes were included. RESULTS Of 1438 studies identified in the search, 52 met pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Reported frequency of VOCs varied widely ranging from a mean or median of 0 VOCs/year to 18.2 VOCs/year. The proportion of patients experiencing ≥ 3 VOCs/year ranged from 4 to 67% and the proportion of patients experiencing ≥ 5 VOCs/year ranged from 18 to 59%. Measures of VOC severity were limited, with 13 studies considering frequency of complicated VOCs and only 1 study reporting duration of VOC episodes. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to systematically assess published evidence pertaining to VOCs in real-world settings. Reported VOC frequency in real-world settings varied widely, with a majority of studies only considering VOCs managed in an inpatient or outpatient setting. Studies that considered VOCs managed at home reported a higher frequency of VOCs, suggesting that many studies may underestimate the frequency of VOCs. This systematic literature review (SLR) highlights the need for consistent reporting of (1) self-reported VOCs, including those managed at home, (2) definitions of VOCs, (3) complicated VOCs, and (4) duration of VOC episodes in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander K Glaros
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
- Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Soyon Lee
- Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Taiji Wang
- Analysis Group, Inc., 1010 El Camino Real, Suite 310, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Rhea Bhojwani
- Analysis Group, Inc., 1010 El Camino Real, Suite 310, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Eric Morris
- Analysis Group, Inc., 1010 El Camino Real, Suite 310, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Jincy Paulose
- Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Şerban R Iorga
- Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Dave Nellesen
- Analysis Group, Inc., 1010 El Camino Real, Suite 310, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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Zaidi AU, Estepp J, Shah N, Alkindi S, Ezzat H, Lam H, Minniti CP. A reanalysis of pain crises data from the pivotal l-glutamine in sickle cell disease trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 110:106546. [PMID: 34509600 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The pivotal Endari trial in sickle cell disease showed a reduction in pain crises events. This reanalysis of the l-glutamine phase 3 trial using annual rates of pain crises, consistent with other SCD studies, supported the statistically significant outcomes of the original analysis. The observed 45% difference in the VOC rate is comparable to what was reported in other sickle cell therapeutics used to reduce the incidence of pain. The results presented in this communication are informative for clinicians evaluating treatment effects across available SCD therapeutic options based on studies that utilized VOC as the primary endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmar U Zaidi
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University, 3901 Beaubien, Detroit, 48201 Detroit, MI, United States of America.
| | - Jeremie Estepp
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Nirmish Shah
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Salam Alkindi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Hatoon Ezzat
- St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hung Lam
- MMS, Canton, MI, United States of America
| | - Caterina P Minniti
- Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Hospital, Bronx, NY, United States of America
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5
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Hines PC, Callaghan MU, Zaidi AU, Gao X, Liu K, White J, Tarasev M. Flow adhesion of whole blood to P-selectin: a prognostic biomarker for vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol 2021; 194:1074-1082. [PMID: 34472086 PMCID: PMC10138757 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Blood cell adhesion to P-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) contributes to the pathophysiology of vaso-occlusion crisis (VOC) events in individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD). We evaluated the use of standardized flow adhesion biomarkers in a six-month, 35-subjects longitudinal study (ELIPSIS). Flow adhesion of whole blood on P-selectin (FA-WB-Psel) and VCAM1 (FA-WB-VCAM), and of isolated white blood cells on P-selectin (FA-WBC-Psel) and VCAM-1 (FA-WBC-VCAM) were elevated on VOC days compared with non-VOC days, but only FA-WB-Psel reached statistical significance (P = 0·015). Optimal cut-off values were established with Cox regression models for FA-WB-Psel [46 cells/mm²; hazard ratio (HR): 2·3; 95% confidence interval (CI):1·4-4·0; P = 0·01] and FA-WB-VCAM (408 cells/mm², HR:1·8; 95% CI: 0·9-3·45; P = 0·01). A combined (FA-WB-Psel and FA-WB-VCAM) multimarker risk score was also significantly (P = 0·0006) correlated with VOC risk that was two-fold higher for intermediate and 5·64-fold higher for high score. The concordance (C)-index for the multimarker score was 0·63 in the six-month period (95% CI: 0·56-0·70), indicating a better ability to distinguish patient risk of VOC, compared to individual biomarkers FA-WB-VCAM (C-index: 0·57; 95% CI: 0·49-0·65) or FA-WB-Psel (C-index: 0·58; 95% CI: 0·53-0·62). The presented multimarker score can be used to risk-stratify individuals with SCD during their steady state into low, intermediate, and high-risk strata for self-reported VOCs. Such risk stratification could help focus healthcare resources more efficiently to maintiain health, personalize treatment selection to each patient's individual needs, and potentially reduce healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Hines
- Functional Fluidics, Detroit, MI, USA.,Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA.,Wayne Pediatrics, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael U Callaghan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Central Michigan University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ahmar U Zaidi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Central Michigan University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Ke Liu
- Functional Fluidics, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jennell White
- Functional Fluidics, Detroit, MI, USA.,Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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6
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Zaidi AU. "I can't breathe": how sickle cell disease manifests in the USA today. Lancet Haematol 2021; 8:e479-e480. [PMID: 34171278 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(21)00131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmar U Zaidi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Detroit MI.
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7
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Glaros AK, Razvi R, Shah N, Zaidi AU. Voxelotor: alteration of sickle cell disease pathophysiology by a first-in-class polymerization inhibitor. Ther Adv Hematol 2021; 12:20406207211001136. [PMID: 33796238 PMCID: PMC7983433 DOI: 10.1177/20406207211001136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease, despite its recognition as a severely debilitating genetic condition affecting hundreds of thousands of neonates throughout the world each year, was not a target of pharmaceutical research focus for most of its 100-year existence in the medical consciousness. This has changed in recent years as many novel therapeutics are currently under investigation, with three new disease-modifying drugs achieving FDA approval in the last 4 years. One of these drugs, voxelotor, is especially encouraging as an inhibitor of sickling for its ability to safely improve the chronic hemolytic anemia of sickle cell disease. This was demonstrated during all clinical phases of investigation by an average improvement in hemoglobin of greater than 1 g/dL, as well as statistically significant improvements in established markers of hemolysis. While anemia itself represents a potential cause of morbidity, it is more importantly a marker of the hemolysis known to cause the long-term vascular and organ damage that makes sickle cell disease so debilitating and frequently fatal early in life. Given the recency of the approval, there has not been sufficient long-term follow-up to demonstrate improvement in the chronic sequelae of sickle cell disease as a result of voxelotor-induced improvements in hemolytic anemia. There is hope, however, based on the experience with hydroxyurea improving morbidity and mortality via reductions in sickling and improved rheology, that voxelotor may have similar long-term benefits by positively manipulating the kinetics of hemoglobin polymerization. This review aims to summarize the targeted pathobiology of sickle cell disease, the mechanism of action of voxelotor, and the safety and efficacy data from preclinical to late clinical stage investigations of this long-awaited medication, in the hopes of better informing the decision-making process behind prescribing or not prescribing it for patients in need of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K. Glaros
- Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
- Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Reza Razvi
- Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Ahmar U. Zaidi
- Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
- Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
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8
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Bagla S, Regling KA, Wakeling EN, Gadgeel M, Buck S, Zaidi AU, Flore LA, Chicka M, Schiffer CA, Chitlur MB, Ravindranath Y. Distinctive phenotypes in two children with novel germline RUNX1 mutations - one with myeloid malignancy and increased fetal hemoglobin. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 38:65-79. [PMID: 32990483 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2020.1814463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
RUNX1 associated familial platelet disorder (FPD) is a rare autosomal dominant hematologic disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia and/or altered platelet function. There is an increased propensity to develop myeloid malignancy (MM) - acute myeloid leukemia, myeloproliferative neoplasms or myelodysplastic syndrome often in association with secondary somatic variants in other genes. To date, 23 FPD-MM pediatric cases have been reported worldwide. Here, we present two new kindreds with novel RUNX1 pathogenic variants in which children are probands. The first family is a daughter/mother diad, sharing a heterozygous frameshift variant in RUNX1 gene (c.501delT p.Ser167Argfs*9). The daughter, age 13 years, presented with features resembling juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia - severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, high white cell count with blast cells, monocytosis, increased nucleated red cells and had somatic mutations with high allele burden in CUX1, PHF6, and SH2B3 genes. She also had increased fetal hemoglobin and increased LIN28B expression. The mother, who had a long history of hypoplastic anemia, had different somatic mutations- a non-coding mutation in CUX1 but none in PHF6 or SH2B3. Her fetal hemoglobin and LIN28B expression were normal. In the second kindred, the proband, now 4 years old with thrombocytopenia alone, was investigated at 3 months of age for persistent neonatal thrombocytopenia with large platelets. Molecular testing identified a heterozygous intragenic deletion in RUNX1 encompassing exon 5. His father is known to have increased bruising for several years but is unavailable for testing. These two cases illustrate the significance of secondary mutations in the development and progression of RUNX1-FPD to MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Bagla
- Department of Pediatrics-Hematology/Oncology, Wayne State University-School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Katherine A Regling
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Erin N Wakeling
- DMC University Laboratories, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Manisha Gadgeel
- Department of Pediatrics-Hematology/Oncology, Wayne State University-School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Steven Buck
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ahmar U Zaidi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Leigh A Flore
- Department of Pediatrics-Hematology/Oncology, Wayne State University-School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Division of Genetic, Genomic and Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Charles A Schiffer
- Department of Pediatrics-Hematology/Oncology, Wayne State University-School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Meera B Chitlur
- Department of Pediatrics-Hematology/Oncology, Wayne State University-School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yaddanapudi Ravindranath
- Department of Pediatrics-Hematology/Oncology, Wayne State University-School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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9
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Weyand AC, Zaidi AU. Tweetopoiesis: A peripheral review of twitter for hematologists. Am J Hematol 2021; 96:7-8. [PMID: 33064309 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela C. Weyand
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Ahmar U. Zaidi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant Michigan
- Children's Hospital of Michigan Detroit Michigan
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10
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Abstract
The human phosphoglycerate kinase-1 enzyme is the first of two energy generating steps in the glycolysis. Since its discovery in 1968, many pathologically mutated forms of PGK1 have been described. PGK1 is expressed in all tissues. The clinical manifestations of PGK1 deficiency are some combination of anemia, central nervous system and/or musculoskeletal manifestations. We describe a case of PGK1 in an African-American child, which to our knowledge, has never been described to date. The manifestations of PGK1-Detroit (c.1105A > C (p.Thr369Pro)) include hematologic and central nervous manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmar U Zaidi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan , Detroit , Michigan , USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , Michigan , USA
| | - Shruti Bagla
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan , Detroit , Michigan , USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , Michigan , USA
| | - Yaddanapudi Ravindranath
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan , Detroit , Michigan , USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , Michigan , USA
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11
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Zaidi AU, Rao L, Callaghan MU, Rajpurkar M, Hollon W, Chitlur M. Concurrent homozygous sickle-cell disease and severe haemophilia A: Thromboelastography profiles. Haemophilia 2019; 25:e124-e126. [PMID: 30762919 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmar U Zaidi
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Latha Rao
- Valley Children's Hospital, Madera, California
| | - Michael U Callaghan
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Madhvi Rajpurkar
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Wendy Hollon
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Meera Chitlur
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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12
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Zaidi AU, Henry M, Callaghan MU. Case 4: Persistent Lung Lesion in a 6-year old Boy with Sickle Cell Disease. Pediatr Rev 2018; 39:473-475. [PMID: 30171060 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2017-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmar U Zaidi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI
| | - Meret Henry
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI
| | - Michael U Callaghan
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI
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13
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Zaidi AU, Sabo C, Frey MJ, Rajpurkar M. Discarding Occam's Razor: Atypical Bruising in Severe Hemophilia A. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2018; 57:361-364. [PMID: 28952372 DOI: 10.1177/0009922817696497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmar U Zaidi
- 1 Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Cynthia Sabo
- 1 Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mary Jane Frey
- 1 Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Madhvi Rajpurkar
- 1 Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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14
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Zaidi AU, Kedar P, Koduri PR, Goyette GW, Buck S, Paglia DE, Ravindranath Y. Glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) Tadikonda: Characterization of a novel Pro340Ser mutation. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2017; 34:449-454. [PMID: 29227722 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2017.1383541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
After a thirty-year lag, we serendipitously reestablished contact with a patient with glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency and hydrops fetalis first reported in 1987. We now provide a clinical update and provide results of mutation analysis in this patient, from Southern India. The patient now an adult female of 36 years of age has moderate anemia but requires no transfusions except with some intercurrent illnesses. Exome sequencing studies showed a homozygous c.1018C>T (Pro340Ser) mutation in exon 12 of the glucose phosphate isomerase gene and later confirmed by direct sequencing. This mutation has not been previously described. To our knowledge, this is also the first known homozygous mutation in the hydrophobic core of the protein and is a highly deleterious mutation by in silico analysis and by clinical history in the family. Flow cytometry studies of band 3 content with eosin maleimide showed a unique tail of red cells on histograms, reflecting the dense red cells (presumably ATP depleted) seen on blood smears; similar findings were seen in patients with pyruvate kinase and phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmar U Zaidi
- a Divison of Pediatric Hematology , Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Prabhakar Kedar
- b National Institute of Immunohaematology (ICMR), KEM Hospital Campus , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India
| | - Prasad Rao Koduri
- c Mahavir Hospital & Research Centre , Hyderabad , Telangana , India
| | - Gerard W Goyette
- a Divison of Pediatric Hematology , Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Steven Buck
- a Divison of Pediatric Hematology , Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Donald E Paglia
- d UCLA Hematology Research Laboratory , UCLA School of Medicine , Little River , CA , USA
| | - Yaddanapudi Ravindranath
- a Divison of Pediatric Hematology , Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmar U Zaidi
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Brian Berman
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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16
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Zaidi AU, McDonough JS, Klocke BJ, Latham CB, Korsmeyer SJ, Flavell RA, Schmidt RE, Roth KA. Chloroquine-induced neuronal cell death is p53 and Bcl-2 family-dependent but caspase-independent. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2001; 60:937-45. [PMID: 11589424 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/60.10.937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroquine is a lysosomotropic agent that causes marked changes in intracellular protein processing and trafficking and extensive autophagic vacuole formation. Chloroquine may be cytotoxic and has been used as a model of lysosomal-dependent cell death. Recent studies indicate that autophagic cell death may involve Bcl-2 family members and share some features with caspase-dependent apoptotic death. To determine the molecular pathway of chloroquine-induced neuronal cell death, we examined the effects of chloroquine on primary telencephalic neuronal cultures derived from mice with targeted gene disruptions in p53, and various caspase and bcl-2 family members. In wild-type neurons, chloroquine produced concentration- and time-dependent accumulation of autophagosomes, caspase-3 activation, and cell death. Cell death was inhibited by 3-methyladenine, an inhibitor of autophagic vacuole formation, but not by Boc-Asp-FMK (BAF), a broad caspase inhibitor. Targeted gene disruptions of p53 and bax inhibited and bcl-x potentiated chloroquine-induced neuron death. Caspase-9- and caspase-3-deficient neurons were not protected from chloroquine cytotoxicity. These studies indicate that chloroquine activates a regulated cell death pathway that partially overlaps with the apoptotic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- A U Zaidi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
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Zaidi AU, D'Sa-Eipper C, Brenner J, Kuida K, Zheng TS, Flavell RA, Rakic P, Roth KA. Bcl-X(L)-caspase-9 interactions in the developing nervous system: evidence for multiple death pathways. J Neurosci 2001; 21:169-75. [PMID: 11150333 PMCID: PMC6762421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death is critical for normal nervous system development and is regulated by Bcl-2 and Caspase family members. Targeted disruption of bcl-x(L), an antiapoptotic bcl-2 gene family member, causes massive death of immature neurons in the developing nervous system whereas disruption of caspase-9, a proapoptotic caspase gene family member, leads to decreased neuronal apoptosis and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. To determine whether Bcl-X(L) and Caspase-9 interact in an obligate pathway of neuronal apoptosis, bcl-x/caspase-9 double homozygous mutants were generated. The increased apoptosis of immature neurons observed in Bcl-X(L)-deficient embryos was completely prevented by concomitant Caspase-9 deficiency. In contrast, bcl-x(-/-)/caspase-9(-/-) embryonic mice exhibited an expanded ventricular zone and neuronal malformations identical to that observed in mice lacking only Caspase-9. These results indicate both epistatic and independent actions of Bcl-X(L) and Caspase-9 in neuronal programmed cell death. To examine Bcl-2 and Caspase family-dependent apoptotic pathways in telencephalic neurons, we compared the effects of cytosine arabinoside (AraC), a known neuronal apoptosis inducer, on wild-type, Bcl-X(L)-, Bax-, Caspase-9-, Caspase-3-, and p53-deficient telencephalic neurons in vitro. AraC caused extensive apoptosis of wild-type and Bcl-X(L)-deficient neurons. p53- and Bax-deficient neurons showed marked protection from AraC-induced death, whereas Caspase-9- and Caspase-3-deficient neurons showed minimal or no protection, respectively. These findings contrast with our previous investigation of AraC-induced apoptosis of telencephalic neural precursor cells in which death was completely blocked by p53 or Caspase-9 deficiency but not Bax deficiency. In total, these results indicate a transition from Caspase-9- to Bax- and Bcl-X(L)-mediated neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A U Zaidi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Zaidi AU, Enomoto H, Milbrandt J, Roth KA. Dual fluorescent in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical detection with tyramide signal amplification. J Histochem Cytochem 2000; 48:1369-75. [PMID: 10990490 DOI: 10.1177/002215540004801007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the biological relationships among various molecules, it is necessary to define the cellular expression patterns of multiple genes and gene products. Relatively simple methods for performing multi-label immunohistochemical detection are available. However, there is a paucity of techniques for dual immunohistochemical (IHC) and mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH) detection. The recent development of improved non-radioactive detection systems and simplified ISH protocols has prompted us to develop a tyramide signal amplification method for sequential multi-label fluorescent ISH and IHC detection in either frozen or paraffin-embedded tissue sections. We used this method to examine the relationship between glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha2 (GFRalpha2) mRNA expression and IHC localization of its co-receptor Ret in the trigeminal ganglion of postnatal Day 0 mice. We found that approximately 70% of Ret-immunoreactive neurons possessed GFRalpha2 mRNA and virtually all GFRalpha2-expressing neurons contained Ret-immunoreactive protein. Finally, we used paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections and a monoclonal antibody against neuron-specific nuclear antigen (NeuN) to demonstrate the neuronal specificity of GFRalpha2 mRNA expression in adult mouse brain. This multi-labeling technique should be applicable to a wide variety of tissues, antibodies, and probes, providing a relatively rapid and simple means to compare mRNA and protein localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A U Zaidi
- Divisions of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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Zielinski BS, Moretti N, Hua HN, Zaidi AU, Bisaillon AD. Serotonergic nerve fibers in the primary olfactory pathway of the larval sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. J Comp Neurol 2000; 420:324-34. [PMID: 10754505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5HT)-immunoreactive (5HT-IR) neuronal fibers were identified in the primary olfactory pathway of the sea lamprey. These neurons are likely part of a nonolfactory neural system that innervates the olfactory sac. Cell bodies with 5HT immunoreactivity predominated in the lamina propria of the rostral portion of the nasal cavity and were less prevalent adjacent to the olfactory epithelium. The 5HT-IR fibers were parallel to axons of the olfactory receptor neurons in the lamina propria of the olfactory mucosa and in the olfactory nerve. Serotonergic fibers crossed from the olfactory nerve into the olfactory bulb or branched in the caudal portion of the olfactory nerve and terminated at the junction of the olfactory nerve with the olfactory bulb. In the dorsal olfactory bulb, 5HT-IR fibers coursed along the layer of olfactory fibers. Throughout the layer with glomeruli and mitral cells, 5HT-IR fibers were seen along the border of glomerular units. Experimental lesion of the olfactory nerve was used to determine the origin of 5HT-IR fibers rostral to the olfactory bulb. The loss of these fibers and their reappearance during outgrowth of olfactory receptor neurons inferred that they emanate from the cell bodies in the olfactory sac. The results from this study suggest that axons of olfactory receptor neurons in larval lampreys receive modulation by 5HT from these neuronal fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Zielinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
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Zaidi AU, Kafitz KW, Greer CA, Zielinski BS. The expression of tenascin-C along the lamprey olfactory pathway during embryonic development and following axotomy-induced replacement of the olfactory receptor neurons. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 1998; 109:157-68. [PMID: 9729356 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-3806(98)00076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular guidance molecules affect the pathway of growing axons by both attractive and repulsive interactions. Tenascin-C, a glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix, is localized along developing axonal pathways where it may function by repulsion, restricting axons within specific boundaries. The lamprey olfactory pathway offers an advantageous model for studying the role of extracellular matrix proteins in axon guidance because the entire pathway is readily seen in horizontal sections and because lesioning the olfactory nerve will induce the system into a new phase of coordinated neurogenesis and axon outgrowth. Although tenascin-C expression was absent during embryonic development, olfactory nerve fascicles contained tenascin-C-immunoreactivity (IR) during the larval stage. During retrograde degeneration, the fascicles lost tenascin-C-IR. Diffuse unfasciculated axonal processes extending from the olfactory epithelium did not express tenascin-C-IR; however, acetylated tubulin and GAP-43-IR was present, indicating axonal outgrowth. When the newly extended axons of olfactory receptor neurons converged to form fascicles, tenascin-C-IR was evident within the fascicular boundaries. The absence of tenascin-C expression when axonal process were short and diffuse, and its return when axons coalesced within fascicles, supports the view that tenascin-C functions as a boundary molecule in the olfactory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A U Zaidi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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