1
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Manukyan L, Marinaki ME, Mihranyan A. Would 20 nm Filtered Fetal Bovine Serum-Supplemented Media Support Growth of CHO and HEK-293 Cells? ACS Appl Bio Mater 2020; 3:8344-8351. [PMID: 33381749 PMCID: PMC7756488 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Virus safety of fetal bovine serum
(FBS) is a critical issue for
cell culture and clinical applications of cell therapies. The size
exclusion filtration of FBS-supplemented cell culture media through
small-size virus retentive filter paper is presented to investigate
its effect on cell culture. A substantial proportion of proteins (ca.
45%) was removed by nanofiltration, yet important transport proteins
(albumin, fetuins, macroglobulins, transferrin) were unaffected. The
cell viability of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and human embryonic
kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells that were grown in media supplemented with
nanofiltered FBS was surprisingly high, despite the observed protein
losses. Protein depletion following nanofiltration resulted in detectable
levels of autophagy markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levon Manukyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria-Eleni Marinaki
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Wu L, Mantas A, Gustafsson S, Manukyan L, Mihranyan A. Aggregate Removal Nanofiltration of Human Serum Albumin Solution Using Nanocellulose-Based Filter Paper. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070209. [PMID: 32668723 PMCID: PMC7400174 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is dedicated to the rapid removal of protein aggregates and viruses from plasma-derived human serum albumin (HSA) product to reduce the risk of viral contamination and increase biosafety. A two-step filtration approach was implemented to first remove HSA aggregates and then achieve high model virus clearance using a nanocellulose-based filter paper of different thicknesses, i.e., 11 μm (prefilter) and 22 μm (virus filter) at pH 7.4 and room temperature. The pore size distribution of these filters was characterized by nitrogen gas sorption analysis. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) were performed to analyze the presence of HSA aggregates in process intermediates. The virus filter showed high clearance of a small-size model virus, i.e., log10 reduction value (LRV) > 5, when operated at 3 and 5 bar, but a distinct decrease in LRV was detected at 1 bar, i.e., LRV 2.65–3.75. The throughput of HSA was also dependent on applied transmembrane pressure as was seen by Vmax values of 110 ± 2.5 L m−2 and 63.6 ± 5.8 L m−2 at 3 bar and 5 bar, respectively. Protein loss was low, i.e., recovery > 90%. A distribution of pore sizes between 40 nm and 60 nm, which was present in the prefilter and absent in the virus filter, played a crucial part in removing the HSA aggregates and minimizing the risk of virus filter fouling. The presented results enable the application of virus removal nanofiltration of HSA in bioprocessing as an alternative to virus inactivation methods based, e.g., on heat treatment.
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3
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Manukyan L, Mantas A, Razumikhin M, Katalevsky A, Golubev E, Mihranyan A. Two-Step Size-Exclusion Nanofiltration of Prothrombin Complex Concentrate Using Nanocellulose-Based Filter Paper. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E69. [PMID: 32224972 PMCID: PMC7235758 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulation Factor IX-rich protrhombin complex concentrate (FIX-PCC) is a therapeutic biologic product that consists of a mixture of several human plasma-derived proteins, useful for treating hemophilia B. Due to its complex composition, FIX-PCC is very challenging to bioprocess through virus removing nanofilters in order to ensure its biosafety. This article describes a two-step filtration process of FIX-PCC using a nanocellulose-based filter paper with tailored porosity. The filters were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cryoporometry with differential scanning calorimetry, and nitrogen gas sorption. Furthermore, in order to probe the filter's cut-off size rejection threshold, removal of small- and large-size model viruses, i.e., ΦX174 (28 nm) and PR772 (70 nm), was evaluated. The feed, pre-filtrate, and permeate solutions were characterized with mass-spectrometric proteomic analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and analytical size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SEHPLC). By sequential filtration through 11 μm pre-filter and 33 μm virus removal filter paper, it was possible to achieve high product throughput and high virus removal capacity. The presented approach could potentially be applied for bioprocessing other protein-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levon Manukyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden; (L.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Athanasios Mantas
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden; (L.M.); (A.M.)
| | | | | | - Eugen Golubev
- National Research Center for Hematology, Novyi Zykovskiy proezd 4, 125167 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden; (L.M.); (A.M.)
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4
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Mantas A, Petit MA, Mihranyan A. Directly Compressed Tablets of Free Acid Ibuprofen with Nanocellulose Featuring Enhanced Dissolution: A Side-by-Side Comparison with Commercial Oral Dosage Forms. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12010071. [PMID: 31963396 PMCID: PMC7023118 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that heated powder mixtures of ibuprofen (IBU) and high surface area nanocellulose exhibit an enhanced dissolution and solubility of the drug due to IBU amorphization. The goal of the present work was to further elaborate the concept and conduct side-by-side in vitro drug release comparisons with commercial formulations, including film-coated tablets, soft gel liquid capsules, and IBU-lysine conjugate tablets, in biorelevant media. Directly compressed tablets were produced from heated mixtures of 20% w/w IBU and high surface area Cladophora cellulose (CLAD), with 5% w/w sodium croscarmelose (AcDiSol) as superdisintegrant. The side-by side studies in simulated gastric fluid, fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid, and fed-state simulated intestinal fluid corroborate that the IBU-CLAD tablets show more rapid and less variable release in various media compared to three commercial IBU formulations. On the sidelines of the main work, a possibility of the presence of a new meta-crystalline form of IBU in mixture with nanocellulose is discussed.
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5
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Razaq A, Stro̸mme M, Nyholm L, Mihranyan A. Electrochemically Controlled Separation of DNA Oligomers with High Surface Area Conducting Paper Electrode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3571986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Tummala GK, Lopes VR, Mihranyan A, Ferraz N. Biocompatibility of Nanocellulose-Reinforced PVA Hydrogel with Human Corneal Epithelial Cells for Ophthalmic Applications. J Funct Biomater 2019; 10:E35. [PMID: 31375008 PMCID: PMC6787653 DOI: 10.3390/jfb10030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transparent composite hydrogel in the form of a contact lens made from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was subjected to in vitro biocompatibility evaluation with human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-2 cells). The cell response to direct contact with the hydrogels was investigated by placing the samples on top of confluent cell layers and evaluating cell viability, morphology, and cell layer integrity subsequent to 24 h culture and removal of the hydrogels. To further characterize the lens-cell interactions, HCE-2 cells were seeded on the hydrogels, with and without simulated tear fluid (STF) pre-conditioning, and cell viability and morphology were evaluated. Furthermore, protein adsorption on the hydrogel surface was investigated by incubating the materials with STF, followed by protein elution and quantification. The hydrogel material was found to have affinity towards protein adsorption, most probably due to the interactions between the positively charged lysozyme and the negatively charged CNCs embedded in the PVA matrix. The direct contact experiment demonstrated that the physical presence of the lenses did not affect corneal epithelial cell monolayers in terms of integrity nor cell metabolic activity. Moreover, it was found that viable corneal cells adhered to the hydrogel, showing the typical morphology of epithelial cells and that such response was not influenced by the STF pre-conditioning of the hydrogel surface. The results of the study confirm that PVA-CNC hydrogel is a promising ophthalmic biomaterial, motivating future in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Krishna Tummala
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Viviana R Lopes
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Natalia Ferraz
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
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7
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Manukyan L, Padova J, Mihranyan A. Virus removal filtration of chemically defined Chinese Hamster Ovary cells medium with nanocellulose-based size exclusion filter. Biologicals 2019; 59:62-67. [PMID: 30871931 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterility of bioreactors in biotherapeutic processing remains a significant challenge. Virus removal size-exclusion filtration is a robust and highly efficient approach to remove viruses. This article investigates the virus removal capacity of nanocellulose-based filter for upstream bioprocessing of chemically defined Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells medium containing Pluronic F-68 (PowerCHO™, Lonza) and supplemented with insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS) at varying process parameters. Virus retention was assessed by spiking ITS-supplemented PowerCHO™ medium with small-size ΦX174 phage (28 nm) as a surrogate for mammalian parvoviruses. The nanocellulose-based size exclusion filter showed high virus retention capacity (over 4 log10) and high flow rates (around 180 L m-2 h-1). The filter had no impact on ITS supplements during filtration. It was further shown that the filtered PowerCHO™ medium supported cell culture growth with no impact on cell viability, morphology, and confluence. The results of this work show new opportunities in developing cost-efficient virus removal filters for upstream bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levon Manukyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Box 534, Uppsala University, 752121, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Justine Padova
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Box 534, Uppsala University, 752121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Box 534, Uppsala University, 752121, Uppsala, Sweden
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8
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Manukyan L, Li P, Gustafsson S, Mihranyan A. Growth media filtration using nanocellulose-based virus removal filter for upstream biopharmaceutical processing. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Mantas A, Mihranyan A. Immediate-Release Nifedipine Binary Dry Powder Mixtures with Nanocellulose Featuring Enhanced Solubility and Dissolution Rate. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E37. [PMID: 30669281 PMCID: PMC6359467 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nifedipine (NIF) is a 1,4-dihydropyridine-based calcium channel blocker with poor solubility, whose bioavailability is highly dependent on the type of formulation. Dry powder mixtures of 20% w/w NIF with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and its high surface area nanocellulose analogue, which is namely Cladophora (CLAD) cellulose, were produced by heating at the melting temperature of the drug for 1 h. Non-heated samples were used as a reference. The solid-state properties of the mixtures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. The drug release was studied in biorelevant media, including simulated gastric fluid (SGF), fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSIF) and fed-state simulated intestinal fluid (FeSIF). An enhanced apparent solubility and faster dissolution rate of NIF were observed in the heated mixture of NIF with CLAD-H in all tested biorelevant media (i.e., SGF, FaSIF and FeSIF), which was due to NIF amorphization in the high surface area nanocellulose powder. Ordinary MCC, which is essentially non-porous, did not produce an enhancement of a similar magnitude. The results of the study suggest that dry powder formulation using high surface area nanocellulose is a facile new strategy for formulating calcium channel blocker drugs, which could potentially be a viable alternative to currently used soft gel liquid capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Mantas
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
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10
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Gustafsson S, Westermann F, Hanrieder T, Jung L, Ruppach H, Mihranyan A. Comparative Analysis of Dry and Wet Porometry Methods for Characterization of Regular and Cross-Linked Virus Removal Filter Papers. Membranes (Basel) 2018; 9:E1. [PMID: 30577520 PMCID: PMC6359513 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pore-size distribution (PSD) is the most critical parameter for size-exclusion virus removal filters. Yet, different dry- and wet-state porometry methods yield different pore-size values. The goal of this work is to conduct comparative analysis of nitrogen gas sorption (NGSP), liquid-liquid and cryoporometry with differential scanning calorimetry (CP-DSC) methods with respect to characterization of regular and cross-linked virus removal filter paper based on cellulose nanofibers, i.e. the mille-feuille filter. The filters were further characterized with atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the removal of the worst-case model virus, i.e. minute virus of mice (MVM; 20 nm, nonenveloped parvovirus) was evaluated. The results revealed that there is no difference of the obtained PSDs between the wet methods, i.e. DSC and liquid-liquid porometry (LLP), as well as no difference between the regular and cross-linked filters regardless of method. MVM filtration at different trans membrane pressure (TMP) revealed strong dependence of the virus removal capability on applied pressure. It was further observed that cross-linking filters showed enhanced virus removal, especially at lower TMP. In all, the results of this study highlight the complex nature of virus capture in size-exclusion filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gustafsson
- Division for Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department for Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Frank Westermann
- Charles River Biopharmaceutical Services, Gottfried Hagen Str. 20, 51105 Köln, Germany.
| | - Tobias Hanrieder
- Charles River Biopharmaceutical Services, Gottfried Hagen Str. 20, 51105 Köln, Germany.
| | - Laura Jung
- Charles River Biopharmaceutical Services, Gottfried Hagen Str. 20, 51105 Köln, Germany.
| | - Horst Ruppach
- Charles River Biopharmaceutical Services, Gottfried Hagen Str. 20, 51105 Köln, Germany.
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Division for Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department for Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
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11
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Gustafsson O, Gustafsson S, Manukyan L, Mihranyan A. Significance of Brownian Motion for Nanoparticle and Virus Capture in Nanocellulose-Based Filter Paper. Membranes (Basel) 2018; 8:E90. [PMID: 30301138 PMCID: PMC6315380 DOI: 10.3390/membranes8040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Pressure-dependent breakthrough of nanobioparticles in filtration was observed and it was related to depend on both convective forces due to flow and diffusion as a result of Brownian motion. The aim of this work was to investigate the significance of Brownian motion on nanoparticle and virus capture in a nanocellulose-based virus removal filter paper through theoretical modeling and filtration experiments. Local flow velocities in the pores of the filter paper were modeled through two different approaches (i.e., with the Hagen⁻Poiseuille equation) and by evaluating the superficial linear flow velocity through the filter. Simulations by solving the Langevin equation for 5 nm gold particles and 28 nm ΦX174 bacteriophages showed that hydrodynamic constraint is favored for larger particles. Filtration of gold nanoparticles showed no difference in retention for the investigated fluxes, as predicted by the modeling of local flow velocities. Filtration of ΦX174 bacteriophages exhibited a higher retention at higher filtration pressure, which was predicted to some extent by the Hagen⁻Poiseuille equation but not by evaluation of the superficial linear velocity. In all, the hydrodynamic theory was shown able to explain some of the observations during filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Gustafsson
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534 SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Simon Gustafsson
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534 SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Levon Manukyan
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534 SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534 SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
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12
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Rocha I, Hattori Y, Diniz M, Mihranyan A, Strømme M, Lindh J. Spectroscopic and Physicochemical Characterization of Sulfonated Cladophora Cellulose Beads. Langmuir 2018; 34:11121-11125. [PMID: 30169040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The work presents a full physicochemical characterization of sulfonated cellulose beads prepared from Cladophora nanocellulose intended for use in biological systems. 2,3-Dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) beads were sulfonated, and transformation of up to 50% of the aldehyde groups was achieved, resulting in highly charged and porous materials compared to the compact surface of the DAC beads. The porosity could be tailored by adjusting the degree of sulfonation, and a subsequent reduction of the aldehyde groups to hydroxyl groups maintained the bead structure without considerable alteration of the surface properties. The thermal stability of the DAC beads was significantly increased with the sulfonation and reduction reactions. Raman spectroscopy also showed to be a useful technique for the characterization of sulfonated cellulose materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Rocha
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil , Brasília DF 70040-020 , Brazil
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13
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Tummala GK, Bachi I, Mihranyan A. Role of solvent on structure, viscoelasticity, and mechanical compressibility in nanocellulose-reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. K. Tummala
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences; Uppsala University; 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - I. Bachi
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences; Uppsala University; 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - A. Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences; Uppsala University; 75121 Uppsala Sweden
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14
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Gustafsson O, Manukyan L, Mihranyan A. High-Performance Virus Removal Filter Paper for Drinking Water Purification. Glob Chall 2018; 2:1800031. [PMID: 31565340 PMCID: PMC6607295 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.201800031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Access to drinking water is one of the greatest global challenges today. In this study, the virus removal properties of mille-feuille nanocellulose-based filter papers of varying thicknesses from simulated waste water (SWW) matrix are evaluated for drinking water purification applications. Filtrations of standard SWW dispersions at various total suspended solid (TSS) content are performed, including spiking tests with 30 nm surrogate latex particles and 28 nm ΦX174 bacteriophages. Filter papers of thicknesses 9 and 29 µm are used, and the filtrations are performed at two different operational pressures, i.e., 1 and 3 bar. The presented data using SWW matrix show, for the first time, that a filter paper made from 100% nanocellulose has the capacity to efficiently remove even the smallest viruses, i.e., up to 99.9980-99.9995% efficiency, at industrially relevant flow rates, i.e., 60-500 L m-2 h-1, and low fouling, i.e., V max > 103-104 L m-2. The filter paper presented in this work shows great promise for the development of robust, affordable, and sustainable water purification systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Gustafsson
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials Department of Engineering Sciences Uppsala University Box 534 ,751 21 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Levon Manukyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials Department of Engineering Sciences Uppsala University Box 534 ,751 21 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials Department of Engineering Sciences Uppsala University Box 534 ,751 21 Uppsala Sweden
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15
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Ruan CQ, Gustafsson S, Strømme M, Mihranyan A, Lindh J. Cellulose Nanofibers Prepared via Pretreatment Based on Oxone ® Oxidation. Molecules 2017; 22:E2177. [PMID: 29292731 PMCID: PMC6149769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Softwood sulfite bleached cellulose pulp was oxidized with Oxone® and cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were produced after mechanical treatment with a high-shear homogenizer. UV-vis transmittance of dispersions of oxidized cellulose with different degrees of mechanical treatment was recorded. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of samples prepared from the translucent dispersions showed individualized cellulose nanofibers with a width of about 10 nm and lengths of a few hundred nm. All results demonstrated that more translucent CNF dispersions could be obtained after the pretreatment of cellulose pulp by Oxone® oxidation compared with the samples produced without pretreatment. The intrinsic viscosity of the cellulose decreased after oxidation and was further reduced after mechanical treatment. Almost translucent cellulose films were prepared from the dispersions of individualized cellulose nanofibers. The procedure described herein constitutes a green, novel, and efficient route to access CNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Qing Ruan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Simon Gustafsson
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Lindh
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
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16
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Liu J, Bacher M, Rosenau T, Willför S, Mihranyan A. Potentially Immunogenic Contaminants in Wood-Based and Bacterial Nanocellulose: Assessment of Endotoxin and (1,3)-β-d-Glucan Levels. Biomacromolecules 2017; 19:150-157. [PMID: 29182312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge gaps in the biosafety data of the nanocellulose (NC) for biomedical use through various routes of administration call for closer look at health and exposure evaluation. This work evaluated the potentially immunogenic contaminants levels, for example, endotoxin and (1,3)-β-d-glucan, in four representative NCs, that is, wood-based NCs and bacterial cellulose (BC). The hot-water extracts were analyzed with ELISA assays, HPSEC-MALLS, GC, and NMR analysis. Varying levels of endotoxin and (1,3)-β-d-glucan contaminats were found in these widely used NCs. Although the β-(1,3)-d-glucan was not detected from the NMR spectra due to the small extract samples amount (2-7 mg), the anomerics and highly diastereotopic 6-CH2 signals may suggest the presence of β-(1,4)-linkages with β-(1,6) branching in the polysaccharides of NCs' hot-water extracts, which were otherwise not detectable in the enzymatic assay. In all, the article highlights the importance of monitoring various water-soluble potentially immunogenic contaminants in NC for biomedical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Box 534, Uppsala University , 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.,Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University , 212013 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Markus Bacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science (BOKU) , Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science (BOKU) , Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria.,Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University , Porthansgatan 3-5, FI-20500, Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Stefan Willför
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University , Porthansgatan 3-5, FI-20500, Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Box 534, Uppsala University , 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Tummala GK, Joffre T, Rojas R, Persson C, Mihranyan A. Strain-induced stiffening of nanocellulose-reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels mimicking collagenous soft tissues. Soft Matter 2017; 13:3936-3945. [PMID: 28504291 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00677b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissues possess remarkable mechanical strength for their high water content, which is hard to mimic in synthetic materials. Here, we demonstrate how strain-induced stiffening in hydrogels plays a major role in mimicking the mechanical properties of collagenous soft tissues. In particular, nanocellulose reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels of exceptionally high water content (90-93 wt%) are shown to exhibit collagen-like mechanical behavior typical for soft tissues. High water content and co-existence of both soft and rigid domains in the gel network are the main factors responsible for strain-induced stiffening. This observed effect due to the alignment of rigid components of the hydrogel is simulated through modeling and visualized through strain-induced birefringence experiments. Design parameters such as nanocellulose aspect ratio and solvent composition are also shown to be important to control the mechanical properties. In addition, owing to their transparency (90-95% at 550 nm) and hyperelastic properties (250-350% strain), the described hydrogels are promising materials for biomedical applications, especially in ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Krishna Tummala
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Box 534 Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
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18
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Abstract
Protein-based pharmaceutics are widely explored for healthcare applications, and 6 out of 10 best-selling drugs today are biologicals. The goal of this work was to evaluate the protein nanocellulose interactions in paper filter for advanced separation applications such as virus removal filtration and bioprocessing. The protein recovery was measured for bovine serum albumin (BSA), γ-globulin, and lysozyme using biuret total protein reagent and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and the throughput was characterized in terms of flux values from fixed volume filtrations at various protein concentrations and under worst-case experimental conditions. The affinity of cellulose to bind various proteins, such as BSA, lysozyme, γ-globulin, and human IgG was quantified using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCMB) by developing a new method of fixing the cellulose fibers to the electrode surface without cellulose dissolution-precipitation. It was shown that the mille-feuille filter exhibits high protein recovery, that is, ∼99% for both BSA and lysozyme. However, γ-globulin does not pass through the membrane due to its large size (i.e., >180 kDa). The PAGE data show no substantial change in the amount of dimers and trimers before and after filtration. QCMB analysis suggests a low affinity between the nanocellulose surface and proteins. The nanocellulose-based filter exhibits desirable inertness as a filtering material intended for protein purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gustafsson
- Division for Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Levon Manukyan
- Division for Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Division for Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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19
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Liu J, Willför S, Mihranyan A. On importance of impurities, potential leachables and extractables in algal nanocellulose for biomedical use. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 172:11-19. [PMID: 28606516 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose-based biomaterials for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications have been extensively explored. However, studies on different levels of impurities in the nanocellulose and their potential risks are lacking. This article is the most comprehensive to date survey of the importance and characterization of possible leachables and extractables in nanocellulose for biomedical use. In particular, the (1,3)-β-d-glucan interference in endotoxin detection in algal nanocellulose was addressed. Potential lipophilic and hydrophilic leachables, toxic heavy metals, and microbial contaminants are also monitored. As a model system, nanocellulose from Cladophora sp. algae is investigated. The leachable (1,3)-β-d-glucan and endotoxin, which possess strong immunogenic potential, from the cellulose were minimized to clinically insignificant levels of 4.7μg/g and 2.5EU/g, respectively. The levels of various impurities in the Cladophora cellulose are acceptable for future biomedical applications. The presented approach could be considered as a guideline for other types of nanocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Box 534, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden; Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3-5, FI-20500, Turku/Åbo, Finland.
| | - Stefan Willför
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3-5, FI-20500, Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Box 534, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
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20
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Abstract
A new method for favored C6 oxidation of cellulose was developed. The method uses the commercially available oxidant Oxone to provide the oxidized cellulose in good yields. The oxidation is conveniently carried out in a one-pot procedure in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Qing Ruan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Uppsala University
- 75121 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Uppsala University
- 75121 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Uppsala University
- 75121 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Jonas Lindh
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Uppsala University
- 75121 Uppsala
- Sweden
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21
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Tummala GK, Rojas R, Mihranyan A. Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogels Reinforced with Nanocellulose for Ophthalmic Applications: General Characteristics and Optical Properties. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:13094-13101. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b10650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Krishna Tummala
- Nanotechnology
and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box
534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ramiro Rojas
- Fibre
and Polymer Technology and Wallenberg Wood Science Center, School
of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology
and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box
534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Tummala GK, Joffre T, Lopes VR, Liszka A, Buznyk O, Ferraz N, Persson C, Griffith M, Mihranyan A. Hyperelastic Nanocellulose-Reinforced Hydrogel of High Water Content for Ophthalmic Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:2072-2079. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aneta Liszka
- Department
of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Oleksiy Buznyk
- Department
of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
- The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the NAMS of Ukraine, Frantsuzskyi
Boulevard 49/51, 65061 Odessa, Ukraine
| | | | | | - May Griffith
- Department
of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
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23
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Abstract
The goal of this work is to demonstrate how the pore-size distribution of the nanocellulose-based virus-retentive filter can be tailored. The filter paper was produced using cellulose nanofibers derived from Cladophora sp. green algae using the hot-press drying at varying drying temperatures. The produced filters were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and N2 gas sorption analysis. Further, hydraulic permeability and retention efficiency toward surrogate 20 nm model particles (fluorescent carboxylate-modified polystyrene spheres) were assessed. It was shown that by controlling the rate of water evaporation during hot-press drying the pore-size distribution can be precisely tailored in the region between 10 and 25 nm. The mechanism of pore formation and critical parameters are discussed in detail. The results are highly valuable for development of advanced separation media, especially for virus-retentive size-exclusion filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gustafsson
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Box 534 SE-75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Box 534 SE-75121, Uppsala, Sweden
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24
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Abstract
The current work presents a synthesis route based on the reductive amination of 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose beads with diamines to render micrometer-sized beads with increased specific surface area (SSA) and porosity in the mesoporous range. Specifically, the influence of the reductive amination of 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) using aliphatic and aromatic tethered mono- and diamines on bead microstructure was investigated. Aliphatic and aromatic tethered monoamines were found to have limited utility for producing porous beads whereas the introduction of diamines provided beads with a porous texture and an SSA increasing from <1 to >30 m(2)/g. Both aliphatic and aromatic diamines were found to be useful in producing porous beads having a pore size distribution range of 10 to 100 nm, as verified by N2 gas adsorption and mercury intrusion porosimetry analyses. The true density of the functionalized DAC beads decreased to an average of about 1.36 g/cm(3) as compared to 1.48 g/cm(3) for the unfunctionalized, fully oxidized DAC beads. The total porosity of the beads was, according to mercury porosimetry, in the range of 54-64%. Reductive amination with 1,7-diaminoheptane provided beads that were stable under alkaline conditions (1 M NaOH). It was concluded that the introduction of tethered diamines into DAC beads is a facile method for producing mesoporous beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lindh
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Changqing Ruan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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25
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Xu C, Carlsson DO, Mihranyan A. Feasibility of using DNA-immobilized nanocellulose-based immunoadsorbent for systemic lupus erythematosus plasmapheresis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 143:1-6. [PMID: 27011345 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this project was to study the feasibility of using a DNA-immobilized nanocellulose-based immunoadsorbent for possible application in medical apheresis such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treatment. Calf thymus DNA was bound to high surface area nanocellulose membrane at varying concentrations using UV-irradiation. The DNA-immobilized samples were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and phosphorus elemental analysis. The anti-ds-DNA IgG binding was tested in vitro using ELISA. The produced sample showed high affinity in vitro to bind anti-ds-DNA-antibodies from mice, as much as 80% of added IgG was bound by the membrane. Furthermore, the binding efficiency was quantitatively dependent on the amount of immobilized DNA onto nanocellulose membrane. The described nanocellulose membranes are interesting immunoadsorbents for continued clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgang Xu
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Daniel O Carlsson
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
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26
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Hua K, Rocha I, Zhang P, Gustafsson S, Ning Y, Strømme M, Mihranyan A, Ferraz N. Transition from Bioinert to Bioactive Material by Tailoring the Biological Cell Response to Carboxylated Nanocellulose. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:1224-33. [PMID: 26886265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work presents an insight into the relationship between cell response and physicochemical properties of Cladophora cellulose (CC) by investigating the effect of CC functional group density on the response of model cell lines. CC was carboxylated by electrochemical TEMPO-mediated oxidation. By varying the amount of charge passed through the electrolysis setup, CC materials with different degrees of oxidation were obtained. The effect of carboxyl group density on the material's physicochemical properties was investigated together with the response of human dermal fibroblasts (hDF) and human osteoblastic cells (Saos-2) to the carboxylated CC films. The introduction of carboxyl groups resulted in CC films with decreased specific surface area and smaller total pore volume compared with the unmodified CC (u-CC). While u-CC films presented a porous network of randomly oriented fibers, a compact and aligned fiber pattern was depicted for the carboxylated-CC films. The decrease in surface area and total pore volume, and the orientation and aggregation of the fibers tended to augment parallel to the increase in the carboxyl group density. hDF and Saos-2 cells presented poor cell adhesion and spreading on u-CC, which gradually increased for the carboxylated CC as the degree of oxidation increased. It was found that a threshold value in carboxyl group density needs be reached to obtain a carboxylated-CC film with cytocompatibility comparable to commercial tissue culture material. Hence, this study demonstrates that a normally bioinert nanomaterial can be rendered bioactive by carefully tuning the density of charged groups on the material surface, a finding that not only may contribute to the fundamental understanding of biointerface phenomena, but also to the development of bioinert/bioactive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hua
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Igor Rocha
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden.,CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília - DF 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Peng Zhang
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Simon Gustafsson
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yi Ning
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Natalia Ferraz
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
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27
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Asper M, Hanrieder T, Quellmalz A, Mihranyan A. Removal of xenotropic murine leukemia virus by nanocellulose based filter paper. Biologicals 2015; 43:452-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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28
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Hua K, Ålander E, Lindström T, Mihranyan A, Strømme M, Ferraz N. Surface Chemistry of Nanocellulose Fibers Directs Monocyte/Macrophage Response. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:2787-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hua
- Nanotechnology
and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box
534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Ålander
- Innventia AB, Drottning Kristinas
väg 55, 11486 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tom Lindström
- Innventia AB, Drottning Kristinas
väg 55, 11486 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology
and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box
534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology
and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box
534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Natalia Ferraz
- Nanotechnology
and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box
534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
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29
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Le Bras D, Strømme M, Mihranyan A. Characterization of dielectric properties of nanocellulose from wood and algae for electrical insulator applications. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:5911-7. [PMID: 25885570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose is one of the oldest electrically insulating materials used in oil-filled high-power transformers and cables. However, reports on the dielectric properties of nanocellulose for electrical insulator applications are scarce. The aim of this study was to characterize the dielectric properties of two nanocellulose types from wood, viz., nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), and algae, viz., Cladophora cellulose, for electrical insulator applications. The cellulose materials were characterized with X-ray diffraction, nitrogen gas and moisture sorption isotherms, helium pycnometry, mechanical testing, and dielectric spectroscopy at various relative humidities. The algae nanocellulose sample was more crystalline and had a lower moisture sorption capacity at low and moderate relative humidities, compared to NFC. On the other hand, it was much more porous, which resulted in lower strength and higher dielectric loss than for NFC. It is concluded that the solid-state properties of nanocellulose may have a substantial impact on the dielectric properties of electrical insulator applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Le Bras
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Box 534, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Box 534, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Box 534, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
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30
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Abstract
The susceptibility of Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose to TEMPO-mediated oxidation was studied in this work since the cellulose Iα-allomorph is generally considered to be thermodynamically less stable and therefore more reactive than the cellulose Iβ-allomorph. Highly crystalline Cladophora nanocellulose, which is dominated by the Iα-allomorph, was oxidized to various degrees with TEMPO oxidant via bulk electrolysis in the absence of co-oxidants. Further, the Cladophora nanocellulose was thermally annealed in glycerol to produce its Iβ-dominated form and then oxidized. The produced materials were subsequently studied using FTIR, CP/MAS (13)C NMR, XRD, and SEM. The solid-state analyses confirmed that the annealed Cladophora cellulose was successfully transformed from an Iα- to an Iβ-dominated form. The results of the analyses of pristine and annealed TEMPO-oxidized samples suggest that Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose do not differ in susceptibility to TEMPO-oxidation. This work hence suggests that cellulose from different sources are not expected to differ in susceptibility to the oxidation due to differences in allomorph composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Carlsson
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Lindh
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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31
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Abstract
This article explores the effect of cross-linking of nanocellulose with citric acid for the development of novel paper filters for potential application within nanofiltration, including sterile (virus) filtration. Cladophora cellulose paper sheets were cross-linked by first soaking in 16 wt % citric acid in the presence of 1 wt % sodium hypophosphate overnight and then curing at 160 °C for 10 min in a hot-press. The cross-linked paper filter samples were then characterized with FTIR, AFM, N2 gas adsorption, and tensile strength analysis (dry and wet strength). The particle retention properties were further studied with respect to filtering of 20 nm Au nanoparticles with SEM and comparing the UV absorbance intensity of the starting solution and the filtrate. The wet strength of the paper filter was greatly improved following the cross-linking, although in the dry state, the paper becomes brittle. The improved wet strength of the paper filter enables increasing the pressure gradient applied for filtration without compromising the integrity of the filter. This is the first report in which a fully nature-derived paper filter is capable of removing tracer particles as small as 20 nm. It is concluded that citric acid cross-linking of nanocellulose is beneficial for developing paper based sterile (virus) removal industrial filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Quellmalz
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
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32
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Carlsson DO, Lindh J, Nyholm L, Strømme M, Mihranyan A. Cooxidant-free TEMPO-mediated oxidation of highly crystalline nanocellulose in water. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11182f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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33
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Metreveli G, Wågberg L, Emmoth E, Belák S, Strømme M, Mihranyan A. Virus Removal: A Size-Exclusion Nanocellulose Filter Paper for Virus Removal (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 10/2014). Adv Healthc Mater 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201470048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgi Metreveli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Box 7036 750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Linus Wågberg
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials; Department of Engineering Sciences; Box 534, Uppsala University; 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Eva Emmoth
- Unit of Virology; Immunobiology and Parasitology; The National Veterinary Institute (SVA); 751 89 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Sándor Belák
- Unit of Virology; Immunobiology and Parasitology; The National Veterinary Institute (SVA); 751 89 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials; Department of Engineering Sciences; Box 534, Uppsala University; 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Division of Materials Science; Luleå University of Technology; 971 87 Luleå Sweden
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials; Department of Engineering Sciences; Box 534, Uppsala University; 75121 Uppsala Sweden
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34
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Metreveli G, Wågberg L, Emmoth E, Belák S, Strømme M, Mihranyan A. A size-exclusion nanocellulose filter paper for virus removal. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1546-50, 1524. [PMID: 24687994 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This is the first time a 100% natural, unmodified nanofibrous polymer-based membrane is demonstrated capable of removing viruses solely based on the size-exclusion principle, with a log10 reduction value (LRV) ≥ 6.3 as limited by the assay lower detection limit and the feed virus titre, thereby matching the performance of industrial synthetic polymer virus removal filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgi Metreveli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 7036 750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Linus Wågberg
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials Department of Engineering Sciences Box 534, Uppsala University 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Eva Emmoth
- Unit of Virology Immunobiology and Parasitology The National Veterinary Institute (SVA) 751 89 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Sándor Belák
- Unit of Virology Immunobiology and Parasitology The National Veterinary Institute (SVA) 751 89 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials Department of Engineering Sciences Box 534, Uppsala University 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Division of Materials Science Luleå University of Technology 971 87 Luleå Sweden
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials Department of Engineering Sciences Box 534, Uppsala University 75121 Uppsala Sweden
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Ferraz N, Mihranyan A. Is there a future for electrochemically assisted hemodialysis? Focus on the application of polypyrrole–nanocellulose composites. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:1095-110. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work summarizes the various aspects of using electrochemically assisted solute removal techniques in hemodialysis with a focus on blood electrodialysis and electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal using polypyrrole. In particular, the feasibility of using highly porous conductive polypyrrole–Cladophora cellulose membranes for hemodialysis are overviewed as a part of our dedicated research efforts during the past 4 years. The potential benefits and the current limitations associated with using the electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal techniques are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ferraz
- Nanotechnology & Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Box 534, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology & Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Box 534, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
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Lindh J, Carlsson DO, Strømme M, Mihranyan A. Convenient One-Pot Formation of 2,3-Dialdehyde Cellulose Beads via Periodate Oxidation of Cellulose in Water. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1928-32. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5002944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lindh
- Nanotechnology
and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box
534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel O. Carlsson
- Nanotechnology
and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box
534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology
and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box
534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology
and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box
534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
- Division
of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
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Carlsson DO, Mihranyan A, Strømme M, Nyholm L. Tailoring porosities and electrochemical properties of composites composed of microfibrillated cellulose and polypyrrole. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47588c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The porosities of composites of polypyrrole and nanocellulose can be tailored from 30 to 98% with ∼10% increments enabling the electrochemical behavior of the materials to be readily controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O. Carlsson
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Uppsala University
- 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Uppsala University
- 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Materials Science
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Uppsala University
- 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Nyholm
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala, Sweden
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Hua K, Carlsson DO, Ålander E, Lindström T, Strømme M, Mihranyan A, Ferraz N. Translational study between structure and biological response of nanocellulose from wood and green algae. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45553j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Carlsson DO, Hua K, Forsgren J, Mihranyan A. Aspirin degradation in surface-charged TEMPO-oxidized mesoporous crystalline nanocellulose. Int J Pharm 2013; 461:74-81. [PMID: 24291076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
TEMPO-mediated surface oxidation of mesoporous highly crystalline Cladophora cellulose was used to introduce negative surface charges onto cellulose nanofibrils without significantly altering other structural characteristics. This enabled the investigation of the influence of mesoporous nanocellulose surface charges on aspirin chemical stability to be conducted. The negative surface charges (carboxylate content 0.44±0.01 mmol/g) introduced on the mesoporous crystalline nanocellulose significantly accelerated aspirin degradation, compared to the starting material which had significantly less surface charge (0.06±0.01 mmol/g). This effect followed from an increased aspirin amorphisation ability in mesopores of the oxidized nanocellulose. These results highlight the importance of surface charges in formulating nanocellulose for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Carlsson
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, PO Box 534, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kai Hua
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, PO Box 534, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Forsgren
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, PO Box 534, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, PO Box 534, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Forsgren J, Andersson M, Nilsson P, Mihranyan A. Drug Solubility: Mesoporous Calcium Carbonate as a Phase Stabilizer of Amorphous Celecoxib - An Approach to Increase the Bioavailability of Poorly Soluble Pharmaceutical Substances (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 11/2013). Adv Healthc Mater 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201370054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Forsgren J, Andersson M, Nilsson P, Mihranyan A. Mesoporous calcium carbonate as a phase stabilizer of amorphous celecoxib--an approach to increase the bioavailability of poorly soluble pharmaceutical substances. Adv Healthc Mater 2013; 2:1469-76. [PMID: 23703752 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The bioavailability of crystalline pharmaceutical substances is often limited by their poor aqueous solubility but it can be improved by formulating the active substance in the amorphous state that is featured with a higher apparent solubility. Although the possibility of stabilizing amorphous drugs inside nano-sized pores of carbon nanotubes and ordered mesoporous silica has been shown, no conventional pharmaceutical excipients have so far been shown to possess this property. This study demonstrates the potential of using CaCO3 , a widely used excipient in oral drug formulations, to stabilize the amorphous state of active pharmaceutical ingredients, in particular celecoxib. After incorporation of celecoxib in the vaterite particles, a five to sixfold enhancement in apparent solubility of celecoxib is achieved due to pore-induced amorphization. To eliminate the possibility of uncontrolled phase transitions, the vaterite particles are stored in an inert atmosphere at 5 °C throughout the study. Also, to demonstrate that the amorphization effect is indeed associated with vaterite mesopores, accelerated stress conditions of 100% relative humidity are employed to impose transition from mesoporous vaterite to an essentially non-porous aragonite phase of CaCO3 , which shows only limited amorphization ability. Further, an improvement in solubility is also confirmed for ketoconazole when formulated with the mesoporous vaterite. Synthesis of the carrier particles and the incorporation of the active substances are carried out simultaneously in a one-step procedure, enabling easy fabrication. These results represent a promising approach to achieve enhanced bioavailability in new formulations of Type II BCS drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Forsgren
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Uppsala University, PO Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Ferraz N, Strømme M, Fellström B, Pradhan S, Nyholm L, Mihranyan A. In vitro and in vivo toxicity of rinsed and aged nanocellulose-polypyrrole composites. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:2128-38. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Revised: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ferraz N, Carlsson DO, Hong J, Larsson R, Fellström B, Nyholm L, Strømme M, Mihranyan A. Haemocompatibility and ion exchange capability of nanocellulose polypyrrole membranes intended for blood purification. J R Soc Interface 2012; 9:1943-55. [PMID: 22298813 PMCID: PMC3385765 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Composites of nanocellulose and the conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) are presented as candidates for a new generation of haemodialysis membranes. The composites may combine active ion exchange with passive ultrafiltration, and the large surface area (about 80 m(2) g(-1)) could potentially provide compact dialysers. Herein, the haemocompatibility of the novel membranes and the feasibility of effectively removing small uraemic toxins by potential-controlled ion exchange were studied. The thrombogenic properties of the composites were improved by applying a stable heparin coating. In terms of platelet adhesion and thrombin generation, the composites were comparable with haemocompatible polymer polysulphone, and regarding complement activation, the composites were more biocompatible than commercially available membranes. It was possible to extract phosphate and oxalate ions from solutions with physiological pH and the same tonicity as that of the blood. The exchange capacity of the materials was found to be 600 ± 26 and 706 ± 31 μmol g(-1) in a 0.1 M solution (pH 7.4) and in an isotonic solution of phosphate, respectively. The corresponding values with oxalate were 523 ± 5 in a 0.1 M solution (pH 7.4) and 610 ± 1 μmol g(-1) in an isotonic solution. The heparinized PPy-cellulose composite is consequently a promising haemodialysis material, with respect to both potential-controlled extraction of small uraemic toxins and haemocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ferraz
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, The Ångström Laboratory, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Razaq A, Nyström G, Strømme M, Mihranyan A, Nyholm L. High-capacity conductive nanocellulose paper sheets for electrochemically controlled extraction of DNA oligomers. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29243. [PMID: 22195031 PMCID: PMC3240650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly porous polypyrrole (PPy)-nanocellulose paper sheets have been evaluated as inexpensive and disposable electrochemically controlled three-dimensional solid phase extraction materials. The composites, which had a total anion exchange capacity of about 1.1 mol kg−1, were used for extraction and subsequent release of negatively charged fluorophore tagged DNA oligomers via galvanostatic oxidation and reduction of a 30–50 nm conformal PPy layer on the cellulose substrate. The ion exchange capacity, which was, at least, two orders of magnitude higher than those previously reached in electrochemically controlled extraction, originated from the high surface area (i.e. 80 m2 g−1) of the porous composites and the thin PPy layer which ensured excellent access to the ion exchange material. This enabled the extractions to be carried out faster and with better control of the PPy charge than with previously employed approaches. Experiments in equimolar mixtures of (dT)6, (dT)20, and (dT)40 DNA oligomers showed that all oligomers could be extracted, and that the smallest oligomer was preferentially released with an efficiency of up to 40% during the reduction of the PPy layer. These results indicate that the present material is very promising for the development of inexpensive and efficient electrochemically controlled ion-exchange membranes for batch-wise extraction of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Razaq
- The Ångström Laboratory, Department of Engineering Sciences, Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gustav Nyström
- The Ångström Laboratory, Department of Engineering Sciences, Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Strømme
- The Ångström Laboratory, Department of Engineering Sciences, Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail: (AM); (LN); (MS)
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- The Ångström Laboratory, Department of Engineering Sciences, Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail: (AM); (LN); (MS)
| | - Leif Nyholm
- The Ångström Laboratory, Department of Materials Chemistry Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail: (AM); (LN); (MS)
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Abstract
Interfaces between individual ice crystals, usually referred to as grain boundaries, play an important part in many processes in nature. Grain boundary properties are, for example, governing the sintering processes in snow and ice which transform a snowpack into a glacier. In the case of snow sintering, it has been assumed that there are no variations in surface roughness and surface melting, when considering the ice-air interface of an individual crystal. In contrast to that assumption, the present work suggests that there is an increased probability of molecular surface disorder in the vicinity of a grain boundary. The conclusion is based on the first detailed visualization of the formation of an ice grain boundary. The visualization is enabled by studying ice crystals growing into contact, at temperatures between −20°C and −15°C and pressures of 1–2 Torr, using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy. It is observed that the formation of a grain boundary induces a surface transition on the facets in contact. The transition does not propagate across facet edges. The surface transition is interpreted as the spreading of crystal dislocations away from the grain boundary. The observation constitutes a qualitatively new finding, and can potentially increase the understanding of specific processes in nature where ice grain boundaries are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pedersen
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail: (CP); (MS)
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Strømme
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail: (CP); (MS)
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Nyholm L, Nyström G, Mihranyan A, Strømme M. Toward flexible polymer and paper-based energy storage devices. Adv Mater 2011; 23:3751-69. [PMID: 21739488 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201004134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
All-polymer and paper-based energy storage devices have significant inherent advantages in comparison with many currently employed batteries and supercapacitors regarding environmental friendliness, flexibility, cost and versatility. The research within this field is currently undergoing an exciting development as new polymers, composites and paper-based devices are being developed. In this report, we review recent progress concerning the development of flexible energy storage devices based on electronically conducting polymers and cellulose containing composites with particular emphasis on paper-based batteries and supercapacitors. We discuss recent progress in the development of the most commonly used electronically conducting polymers used in flexible device prototypes, the advantages and disadvantages of this type of energy storage devices, as well as the two main approaches used in the manufacturing of paper-based charge storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Nyholm
- Department of Materials Chemistry, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Forsgren J, Brohede U, Piskounova S, Mihranyan A, Larsson S, Strømme M, Engqvist H. In Vivo Evaluation of Functionalized Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite for Local Delivery of Active Agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/jbnb.2011.22019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rubino S, Razaq A, Nyholm L, Strømme M, Leifer K, Mihranyan A. Spatial mapping of elemental distributions in polypyrrole-cellulose nanofibers using energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2010. [PMID: 20939565 DOI: 10.1021/jp101816c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) technique has been used to study ion-exchange processes in conductive polymer composite nanofibers. The elemental distributions of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine, boron, phosphorus, molybdenum, and sulfur within polypyrrole-cellulose nanofibers, used as potential controlled electrochemical solid phase extraction media, have been studied by EFTEM. The distribution of ions within the polypyrrole-cellulose nanofibers and the penetration depth of ions into the material as a function of the size and charge of the latter were investigated. Further, the spatial distribution of single stranded DNA hexamers inside polypyrrole-cellulose nanofibers was mapped subsequent to the electrochemically controlled extraction of DNA from a borate buffer solution. The results show that the EFTEM mapping technique provides unpreceded possibilities for studies of the distribution of ions inside conductive polymer composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Rubino
- Electron Microscopy and Nanoengineering, Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
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Nyström G, Mihranyan A, Razaq A, Lindström T, Nyholm L, Strømme M. A nanocellulose polypyrrole composite based on microfibrillated cellulose from wood. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:4178-82. [PMID: 20205378 PMCID: PMC2847383 DOI: 10.1021/jp911272m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
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It is demonstrated that it is possible to coat the individual fibers of wood-based nanocellulose with polypyrrole using in situ chemical polymerization to obtain an electrically conducting continuous high-surface-area composite. The experimental results indicate that the high surface area of the water dispersed material, to a large extent, is maintained upon normal drying without the use of any solvent exchange. Thus, the employed chemical polymerization of polypyrrole on the microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) nanofibers in the hydrogel gives rise to a composite, the structure of which—unlike that of uncoated MFC paper—does not collapse upon drying. The dry composite has a surface area of ∼90 m2/g and a conductivity of ∼1.5 S/cm, is electrochemically active, and exhibits an ion-exchange capacity for chloride ions of 289 C/g corresponding to a specific capacity of 80 mAh/g. The straightforwardness of the fabrication of the present nanocellulose composites should significantly facilitate industrial manufacturing of highly porous, electroactive conductive paper materials for applications including ion-exchange and paper-based energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Nyström
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, The Angström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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