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Ricciotti G, De Negri AM, Carta A. An atypical presentation of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy in childhood. J Fr Ophtalmol 2024; 47:104037. [PMID: 38377845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.104037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- G Ricciotti
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - A M De Negri
- Neuro-Ophthalmology Clinic, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Circonvallazione Gianicolense, 87, 00152 Roma, Italy
| | - A Carta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
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Ciccarelli D, Bona C, Carta A. Coordination between leaf and root traits in Mediterranean coastal dune plants. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2023; 25:973-980. [PMID: 37429743 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant trait-based functional spectra are crucial to assess ecosystem functions and services. Whilst most research has focused on aboveground vegetative traits (leaf economic spectrum, LES), contrasting evidence on any coordination between the LES and root economic spectrum (RES) has been reported. Studying spectra variation along environmental gradients and accounting for species' phylogenetic relatedness may help to elucidate the strength of coordination between above- and belowground trait variation. We focused on leaf and root traits of 39 species sampled in three distinct habitats (front, back and slack) along a shoreline-inland gradient on coastal dunes. We tested, within a phylogenetic comparative framework, for the presence of the LES and RES, for any coordination between these spectra, and explored their relation to variation in ecological strategies along this gradient. In each habitat, three-quarters of trait variation is captured in two-dimensional spectra, with species' phylogenetic relatedness moderately influencing coordination and trade-off between traits. Along the shoreline-inland gradient, aboveground traits support the LES in all habitats. Belowground traits are consistent with the RES in the back-habitat only, where the environmental constraints are weaker, and a coordination between leaf and root traits was also found, supporting the whole-plant spectrum (PES). This study confirms the complexity when seeking any correlation between the LES and RES in ecosystems characterized by multiple environmental pressures, such as those investigated here. Changes in traits adopted to resist environmental constraints are similar among species, independent of their evolutionary relatedness, thus explaining the low phylogenetic contribution in support of our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ciccarelli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Bona
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - A Carta
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Bolognesi E, Guerini FR, Carta A, Chiappedi M, Sotgiu S, Mensi MM, Agliardi C, Zanzottera M, Clerici M. The Role of SNAP-25 in Autism Spectrum Disorders Onset Patterns. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14042. [PMID: 37762342 PMCID: PMC10531097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) can present with different onset and timing of symptom development; children may manifest symptoms early in their first year of life, i.e., early onset (EO-ASD), or may lose already achieved skills during their second year of life, thus showing a regressive-type onset (RO-ASD). It is still controversial whether regression represents a neurobiological subtype of ASD, resulting from distinct genetic and environmental causes. We focused this study on the 25 kD synaptosomal-associated protein (SNAP-25) gene involved in both post-synaptic formation and adhesion and considered a key player in the pathogenesis of ASD. To this end, four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the SNAP-25 gene, rs363050, rs363039, rs363043, and rs1051312, already known to be involved in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, were analyzed in a cohort of 69 children with EO-ASD and 58 children with RO-ASD. Both the rs363039 G allele and GG genotype were significantly more frequently carried by patients with EO-ASD than those with RO-ASD and healthy controls (HC). On the contrary, the rs1051312 T allele and TT genotype were more frequent in individuals with RO-ASD than those with EO-ASD and HC. Thus, two different SNAP-25 alleles/genotypes seem to discriminate between EO-ASD and RO-ASD. Notably, rs1051312 is located in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the gene and is the target of microRNA (miRNA) regulation, suggesting a possible epigenetic role in the onset of regressive autism. These SNPs, by discriminating two different onset patterns, may represent diagnostic biomarkers of ASD and may provide insight into the different biological mechanisms towards the development of better tailored therapeutic and rehabilitative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Bolognesi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (C.A.); (M.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Franca Rosa Guerini
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (C.A.); (M.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Alessandra Carta
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Matteo Chiappedi
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.C.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Stefano Sotgiu
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Martina Maria Mensi
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.C.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Cristina Agliardi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (C.A.); (M.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Milena Zanzottera
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (C.A.); (M.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Mario Clerici
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (C.A.); (M.Z.); (M.C.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Sotgiu S, Nieddu A, Pruna D, Madrau A, Zarbo IR, Carta A. On a 5-year-old girl with multiple sclerosis treated with natalizumab. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:2963-2965. [PMID: 36991239 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sotgiu
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University Hospital of Sassari, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 42, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Arianna Nieddu
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University Hospital of Sassari, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 42, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Dario Pruna
- Pediatric Neurology and Epileptology Unit, Pediatric Department, ARNAS Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Arianna Madrau
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University Hospital of Sassari, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 42, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ignazio Roberto Zarbo
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carta
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University Hospital of Sassari, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 42, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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Sotgiu MA, Lo Jacono A, Barisano G, Saderi L, Cavassa V, Montella A, Crivelli P, Carta A, Sotgiu S. Brain perivascular spaces and autism: clinical and pathogenic implications from an innovative volumetric MRI study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1205489. [PMID: 37425010 PMCID: PMC10328421 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1205489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Our single-center case-control study aimed to evaluate the unclear glymphatic system alteration in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) through an innovative neuroimaging tool which allows to segment and quantify perivascular spaces in the white matter (WM-PVS) with filtering of non-structured noise and increase of the contrast-ratio between perivascular spaces and the surrounding parenchyma. Methods Briefly, files of 65 ASD and 71 control patients were studied. We considered: ASD type, diagnosis and severity level and comorbidities (i.e., intellectual disability, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, epilepsy, sleep disturbances). We also examined diagnoses other than ASD and their associated comorbidities in the control group. Results When males and females with ASD are included together, WM-PVS grade and WM-PVS volume do not significantly differ between the ASD group and the control group overall. We found, instead, that WM-PVS volume is significantly associated with male sex: males had higher WM-PVS volume compared to females (p = 0.01). WM-PVS dilation is also non-significantly associated with ASD severity and younger age (< 4 years). In ASD patients, higher WM-PVS volume was related with insomnia whereas no relation was found with epilepsy or IQ. Discussion We concluded that WM-PVS dilation can be a neuroimaging feature of male ASD patients, particularly the youngest and most severe ones, which may rely on male-specific risk factors acting early during neurodevelopment, such as a transient excess of extra-axial CSF volume. Our findings can corroborate the well-known strong male epidemiological preponderance of autism worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Lo Jacono
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Barisano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Laura Saderi
- Clinical Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Vanna Cavassa
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Montella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paola Crivelli
- Radiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carta
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefano Sotgiu
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Gagliano A, Carta A, Tanca MG, Sotgiu S. Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: Current Perspectives. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:1221-1250. [PMID: 37251418 PMCID: PMC10225150 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s362202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) features a heterogeneous constellation of acute obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), eating restriction, cognitive, behavioral and/or affective symptoms, often followed by a chronic course with cognitive deterioration. An immune-mediated etiology is advocated in which the CNS is hit by different pathogen-driven (auto)immune responses. This narrative review focused on recent clinical (ie, diagnostic criteria, pre-existing neurodevelopmental disorders, neuroimaging) and pathophysiological (ie, CSF, serum, genetic and autoimmune findings) aspects of PANS. We also summarized recent points to facilitate practitioners with the disease management. Relevant literature was obtained from PubMed database which included only English-written, full-text clinical studies, case reports, and reviews. Among a total of 1005 articles, 205 were pertinent to study inclusion. Expert opinions are converging on PANS as the effect of post-infectious events or stressors leading to "brain inflammation", as it is well-established for anti-neuronal psychosis. Interestingly, differentiating PANS from either autoimmune encephalitides and Sydenham's chorea or from alleged "pure" psychiatric disorders (OCD, tics, Tourette's syndrome), reveals several overlaps and more analogies than differences. Our review highlights the need for a comprehensive algorithm to help both patients during their acute distressing phase and physicians during their treatment decision. A full agreement on the hierarchy of each therapeutical intervention is missing owing to the limited number of randomized controlled trials. The current approach to PANS treatment emphasizes immunomodulation/anti-inflammatory treatments in association with both psychotropic and cognitive-behavioral therapies, while antibiotics are suggested when an active bacterial infection is established. A dimensional view, taking into account the multifactorial origin of psychiatric disorders, should suggest neuro-inflammation as a possible shared substrate of different psychiatric phenotypes. Hence, PANS and PANS-related disorders should be considered as a conceptual framework describing the etiological and phenotypical complexity of many psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Gagliano
- Department of Health Science, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari & "A. Cao" Paediatric Hospital, Child & Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marcello G Tanca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari & "A. Cao" Paediatric Hospital, Child & Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Sotgiu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Sassari, Italy
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Doneddu PE, Briani C, Cocito D, Manganelli F, Fabrizi GM, Matà S, Mazzeo A, Fazio R, Benedetti L, Luigetti M, Inghilleri M, Ruiu E, Siciliano G, Cosentino G, Marfia GA, Carpo M, Filosto M, Antonini G, Notturno F, Sotgiu S, Cucurachi L, Dell'Aquila C, Bianchi E, Rosso T, Giordano A, Fernandes M, Campagnolo M, Peci E, Spina E, Tagliapietra M, Sperti M, Gentile L, Strano C, Germano F, Romozzi M, Moret F, Zarbo IR, Viola DV, Vegezzi E, Mataluni G, Piccinelli SC, Leonardi L, Carta A, Nobile-Orazio E. Risk of disease relapse, safety and tolerability of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with chronic inflammatory neuropathies. Eur J Neurol 2023. [PMID: 37000158 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the risk of relapse after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and its safety and tolerability, in patients with chronic inflammatory neuropathies. METHODS In this multicenter, cohort, and case-crossover study, the risk of relapse associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was assessed by comparing frequency of relapse in CIDP and MMN patients who underwent or did not undergo vaccination. Frequency of relapse in the three months prior and after vaccination, and safety and tolerability of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were also assessed. RESULTS 336 patients were included (278 CIDP; 58 MMN). 307 (91%) patients underwent SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Twenty-nine patients (9%) did not undergo vaccination. Mild and transient relapses were observed in 16 (5%) patients (13 CIDP; 3 MMN) after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and in none of the patients who did not undergo vaccination (RR= 3.21, 95% CI, 0.19-52.25). There was no increase in the specific risk of relapse associated with type of vaccine or diagnosis. Comparison with the 3-month control period preceding vaccination revealed an increased risk of relapse after vaccination (RR= 4.00; 95% CI, 1.35-11.82), which was restricted to CIDP patients (RR= 3.25, 95% CI, 1.07-9.84). The safety profile of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was characterized by short-term, mild-to-moderate local and systemic adverse events. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in CIDP and MMN patients does not seem to be associated with an increased risk of relapse at primary endpoint, although a slightly increased risk in CIDP patients was found compared to the 3 months before vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Emiliano Doneddu
- Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano -, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele -, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Briani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Dario Cocito
- SSD Patologie Neurologiche Specialistiche, AOU San Luigi, Torino, Italy
| | - Fiore Manganelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Napoli, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fabrizi
- UOC Neurology B, Department of Neuroscience, University Hospital GB Rossi, AOUI and University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sabrina Matà
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Mazzeo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Neurology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Raffaella Fazio
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Marco Luigetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS. UOC Neurologia, Roma, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Sede di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Ruiu
- Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cosentino
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Girolama Alessandra Marfia
- Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Filosto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia; NeMO-, Brescia, Clinical Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Antonini
- Unit of Neurophysiopathology, Department of Neurology Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Sotgiu
- Child Neuropsychiatry Division, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisa Bianchi
- Laboratorio di Malattie Neurologiche, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Rosso
- UOC di Neurologia, Ospedale San Bassiano, Bassano del Grappa, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Giordano
- Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano -, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Fernandes
- Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano -, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Campagnolo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Erdita Peci
- SSD Patologie Neurologiche Specialistiche, AOU San Luigi, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuele Spina
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Napoli, Italy
| | - Matteo Tagliapietra
- UOC Neurology B, Department of Neuroscience, University Hospital GB Rossi, AOUI and University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Martina Sperti
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Gentile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Neurology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Camilla Strano
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Marina Romozzi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS. UOC Neurologia, Roma, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Sede di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Moret
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ignazio Roberto Zarbo
- Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Divina Valeria Viola
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Mataluni
- Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Cotti Piccinelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia; NeMO-, Brescia, Clinical Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Leonardi
- Unit of Neurophysiopathology, Department of Neurology Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carta
- Child Neuropsychiatry Division, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Eduardo Nobile-Orazio
- Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano -, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Milan University, Milano, Italy
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Vibert B, Segura P, Gallagher L, Georgiades S, Pervanidou P, Thurm A, Alexander L, Anagnostou E, Aoki Y, Birken CS, Bishop SL, Boi J, Bravaccio C, Brentani H, Canevini P, Carta A, Charach A, Costantino A, Cost KT, Cravo EA, Crosbie J, Davico C, Donno F, Fujino J, Gabellone A, Geyer CT, Hirota T, Kanne S, Kawashima M, Kelley E, Kim H, Kim YS, Kim SH, Korczak DJ, Lai MC, Margari L, Marzulli L, Masi G, Mazzone L, McGrath J, Monga S, Morosini P, Nakajima S, Narzisi A, Nicolson R, Nikolaidis A, Noda Y, Nowell K, Polizzi M, Portolese J, Riccio MP, Saito M, Schwartz I, Simhal AK, Siracusano M, Sotgiu S, Stroud J, Sumiya F, Tachibana Y, Takahashi N, Takahashi R, Tamon H, Tancredi R, Vitiello B, Zuddas A, Leventhal B, Merikangas K, Milham MP, Di Martino A. CRISIS AFAR: an international collaborative study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and service access in youth with autism and neurodevelopmental conditions. Mol Autism 2023; 14:7. [PMID: 36788583 PMCID: PMC9928142 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-022-00536-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneous mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic are documented in the general population. Such heterogeneity has not been systematically assessed in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and related neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). To identify distinct patterns of the pandemic impact and their predictors in ASD/NDD youth, we focused on pandemic-related changes in symptoms and access to services. METHODS Using a naturalistic observational design, we assessed parent responses on the Coronavirus Health and Impact Survey Initiative (CRISIS) Adapted For Autism and Related neurodevelopmental conditions (AFAR). Cross-sectional AFAR data were aggregated across 14 European and North American sites yielding a clinically well-characterized sample of N = 1275 individuals with ASD/NDD (age = 11.0 ± 3.6 years; n females = 277). To identify subgroups with differential outcomes, we applied hierarchical clustering across eleven variables measuring changes in symptoms and access to services. Then, random forest classification assessed the importance of socio-demographics, pre-pandemic service rates, clinical severity of ASD-associated symptoms, and COVID-19 pandemic experiences/environments in predicting the outcome subgroups. RESULTS Clustering revealed four subgroups. One subgroup-broad symptom worsening only (20%)-included youth with worsening across a range of symptoms but with service disruptions similar to the average of the aggregate sample. The other three subgroups were, relatively, clinically stable but differed in service access: primarily modified services (23%), primarily lost services (6%), and average services/symptom changes (53%). Distinct combinations of a set of pre-pandemic services, pandemic environment (e.g., COVID-19 new cases, restrictions), experiences (e.g., COVID-19 Worries), and age predicted each outcome subgroup. LIMITATIONS Notable limitations of the study are its cross-sectional nature and focus on the first six months of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Concomitantly assessing variation in changes of symptoms and service access during the first phase of the pandemic revealed differential outcome profiles in ASD/NDD youth. Subgroups were characterized by distinct prediction patterns across a set of pre- and pandemic-related experiences/contexts. Results may inform recovery efforts and preparedness in future crises; they also underscore the critical value of international data-sharing and collaborations to address the needs of those most vulnerable in times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Vibert
- grid.428122.f0000 0004 7592 9033Autism Center, Child Mind Institute, 101 E 56Th Street, Third Floor, New York, NY USA
| | - Patricia Segura
- grid.428122.f0000 0004 7592 9033Autism Center, Child Mind Institute, 101 E 56Th Street, Third Floor, New York, NY USA
| | - Louise Gallagher
- grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stelios Georgiades
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Audrey Thurm
- grid.416868.50000 0004 0464 0574Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Lindsay Alexander
- grid.428122.f0000 0004 7592 9033Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- grid.414294.e0000 0004 0572 4702Autism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Yuta Aoki
- grid.410714.70000 0000 8864 3422Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Catherine S. Birken
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Division of Paediatric Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Somer L. Bishop
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Jessica Boi
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carmela Bravaccio
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XUOSD di Neuropsichiatria Infantile - Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Helena Brentani
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paola Canevini
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy ,grid.415093.a0000 0004 1793 3800Epilepsy Center - Sleep Medicine Center, Childhood and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry Unit, ASST SS. Paolo E Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carta
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Pharmacy, Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alice Charach
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Antonella Costantino
- grid.414818.00000 0004 1757 8749Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Katherine T. Cost
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Elaine A Cravo
- grid.20736.300000 0001 1941 472XUFPR - Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Chiara Davico
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Donno
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Junya Fujino
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alessandra Gabellone
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Cristiane T Geyer
- grid.20736.300000 0001 1941 472XUFPR - Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tomoya Hirota
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA ,grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Stephen Kanne
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, New York, NY USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Kelley
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Department of Psychology, Queens University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Hosanna Kim
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811The UCSF Center for ASD & NDDs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Young Shin Kim
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811The UCSF Center for ASD & NDDs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - So Hyun Kim
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daphne J. Korczak
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Meng-Chuan Lai
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.5335.00000000121885934Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lucia Margari
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Marzulli
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Masi
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone-Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Mazzone
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Systems Medicine Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Jane McGrath
- grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ,39ADMiRE, Linn Dara Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Cherry Orchard Hospital, Ballyfermot, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suneeta Monga
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Paola Morosini
- Unita’ Operativa di Neuropsichiatria dell’ Infanzia e dell’ adolescenza, Lodi, Italy
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Rob Nicolson
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada
| | - Aki Nikolaidis
- grid.428122.f0000 0004 7592 9033Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kerri Nowell
- grid.134936.a0000 0001 2162 3504Thompson Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Miriam Polizzi
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XUOSD di Neuropsichiatria Infantile - Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Joana Portolese
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Pia Riccio
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XUOSD di Neuropsichiatria Infantile - Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Manabu Saito
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan ,grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan ,grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Comprehensive Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ida Schwartz
- grid.8532.c0000 0001 2200 7498Genetics Department/UFRGS, Medical Genetics Service/HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anish K. Simhal
- grid.428122.f0000 0004 7592 9033Autism Center, Child Mind Institute, 101 E 56Th Street, Third Floor, New York, NY USA ,grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Martina Siracusano
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Systems Medicine Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Sotgiu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Pharmacy, Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Jacob Stroud
- grid.428122.f0000 0004 7592 9033Autism Center, Child Mind Institute, 101 E 56Th Street, Third Floor, New York, NY USA
| | - Fernando Sumiya
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yoshiyuki Tachibana
- grid.63906.3a0000 0004 0377 2305Division of Infant and Toddler Mental Health, Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nicole Takahashi
- grid.134936.a0000 0001 2162 3504Thompson Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | | | - Hiroki Tamon
- grid.63906.3a0000 0004 0377 2305Division of Infant and Toddler Mental Health, Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Benedetto Vitiello
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zuddas
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy ,Child & Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, “A.Cao” Paediatric Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Bennett Leventhal
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Kathleen Merikangas
- grid.416868.50000 0004 0464 0574Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Michael P. Milham
- grid.428122.f0000 0004 7592 9033Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY USA ,grid.250263.00000 0001 2189 4777Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY USA
| | - Adriana Di Martino
- Autism Center, Child Mind Institute, 101 E 56Th Street, Third Floor, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Bolognesi E, Guerini FR, Sotgiu S, Chiappedi M, Carta A, Mensi MM, Agliardi C, Zanzottera M, Clerici M. GC1f Vitamin D Binding Protein Isoform as a Marker of Severity in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235153. [PMID: 36501185 PMCID: PMC9740250 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical, behavioral, and cognitive manifestations. It is, therefore, crucial to investigate possible biomarkers associated with specific ASD phenotypes. Ample literature suggests a possible role for vitamin D (VD) in influencing ASD clinical phenotypes. We analyzed three vitamin D binding protein gene (DBP) functional polymorphisms (rs2282679, rs7041, and rs4588), which are involved in the modulation of vitamin D serum concentration in 309 ASD children and 831 healthy controls. Frequency comparisons of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) alleles, genotypes, and GC isoforms (GC1f, G1s, and GC2)—generated by the combination of rs7041 and rs4588 alleles—were correlated with ASD diagnostic, behavioral, and functioning scales. The GC1f isoform was significantly more frequent in ASD compared with controls (18.6% vs. 14.5% pc = 0.02). Significantly higher scores for item 15 of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and lower ones for the Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) functioning scales were seen in ASD carrying the GC1f isoform. In GC phenotype analysis, a gradient of severity for overall CARS scores and CARS item 15 was observed, with scores decreasing according to the presence of GC1f-GC1f > GC1f-GC1s > GC1s-GC1s > GC1f-GC2 > GC2-GC2 isoforms. Similarly, lower CGAS scores were seen in carriers of the GC1f-GC1f isoform, whereas higher scores were present in those carrying GC2-GC2 (p = 0.028). This is the first study to evaluate possible relationships between GC variants and the different aspects of ASD in Italian ASD children. Results, although needing to be validated in ampler cohorts, suggest that the GC1f isoform could be a marker of severity in ASD that may be useful in establishing the intensity of therapeutic and rehabilitative protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franca Rosa Guerini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-4030-8342; Fax: +39-02-4030-8438
| | - Stefano Sotgiu
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Matteo Chiappedi
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carta
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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10
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Passaro A, Lo Russo G, Passiglia F, D'Arcangelo M, Sbrana A, Russano M, Bonanno L, Giusti R, Metro G, Bertolini F, Grisanti S, Carta A, Cecere F, Montrone M, Massa G, Attili I, de Marinis F. 1124P Pralsetinib in RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer: A real-world data (RWD) analysis from the Italian expanded access program (EAP). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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11
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Pizzutilo E, Agostara A, Oresti S, Signorelli D, Giannetta L, Stabile S, Lauricella C, Amatu A, Brambilla M, Lo Russo G, Proto C, Mazzeo L, Beninato T, Siringo M, Giusti R, Filetti M, Genova C, Barletta G, Russano M, Di Fazio G, Tosoni E, Metro G, Pilotto S, Carta A, Mazzoni F, Roca E, Gelibter A, Gori S, Berardi R, Cerea G, Sartore-Bianchi A, Siena S. EP08.02-046 Activity of OsimeRTInib in NSCLC with Uncommon EGFR Mutations: Retrospective Observational Multicenter Study (ARTICUNO). J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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F. Perrone AL, Puntoni M, Bordi P, Maglietta G, Carpana C, Gelsomino F, Passiglia F, Genova C, Montrone M, Caliman E, Cerea G, Pasello G, Cecere F, Manzo A, Adamo V, Citarella F, Toschi L, Gelibter A, Rastelli F, Carta A, Guida A, Camerini A, Paoloni F, Bertolini F, Tiseo M. EP08.01-007 Real-World Outcomes of Patients with Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma Treated with First-Line Chemo-Immunotherapy in Italy. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Brisca G, Sotgiu S, Pirlo D, Tubino B, Siri L, Chianucci B, Carta A, Rossi A, Mallamaci M, Cataldi M, Mancardi MM. Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis (LETM) and Myopericarditis in a 7-Month-Old Child with SARs-CoV-2 Infection. Neuropediatrics 2022; 53:61-64. [PMID: 34327697 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last few months, some pediatric cases with neurological and neuroradiological pictures related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections have been reported, often associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). The most frequently encountered pediatric neurological complications seem to be postinfectious immune-mediated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like changes of the brain, myelitis, neural enhancement, and splenial lesions. Concomitant neurological and cardiac involvement has been reported only in MIS-C, although specific clinical details are often not fully available. METHODS In this case report, a very young child infected with SARs-CoV-2 and diagnosed as longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis with concomitant myo-pericarditis is presented. RESULTS A previously healthy 7-month-old girl presented with abrupt onset of generalized weakness with inability to sit up. She had had mild respiratory symptoms 1 week earlier. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a T2-hyperintense intramedullary lesion extending from C4 to T2, compatible with acute longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM). Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was negative.Echocardiography and blood tests were suggestive for myo-pericarditis. Real time polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2 on nasopharyngeal swab sample tested positive. She was promptly treated with high dose of steroids and immunoglobulin with satisfactory clinical response. CONCLUSION To the evolving literature of neurological complications of SARs-CoV-2 infection, we add the youngest patient described to date with isolated LETM and concomitant cardiac involvement. Our case suggests that clinicians should be aware of this association, although difficult to recognize in infants. Practitioners are encouraged to consider aggressive first-line immunotherapies with the final aim to prevent permanent disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Brisca
- Department of Surgery and High Intensity of Care, Sub-intensive Care Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Liguria, Italy
| | - Stefano Sotgiu
- Department of Medical Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Daniela Pirlo
- Department of Surgery and High Intensity of Care, Sub-intensive Care Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Liguria, Italy
| | - Barbara Tubino
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Liguria, Italy
| | - Laura Siri
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy
| | - Benedetta Chianucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carta
- Department of Medical Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy
| | - Marisa Mallamaci
- Department of Surgery and High Intensity of Care, Sub-intensive Care Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Liguria, Italy
| | - Matteo Cataldi
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy
| | - Maria Margherita Mancardi
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy
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14
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Sotgiu MA, Piga G, Mazzarello V, Zarbo IR, Carta A, Saderi L, Sotgiu S, Conti M, Saba L, Crivelli P. Corpus callosum volumetrics and clinical progression in early multiple sclerosis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:225-231. [PMID: 35048999 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202201_27772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Corpus callosum (CC) is commonly affected in multiple sclerosis (MS), with known association between CC atrophy and MS clinical activity. In this study, we assessed the association of callosal atrophy, lesions volume and residual CC volume with the clinical disability of early MS patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Thirteen MS subjects (9 female, mean age 36.9 years), studied with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were selected. MRI scans were performed at baseline (T0), at 6 (T1), 12 (T2), and 24 months (T3) from baseline. CC was segmented into three sections (genu, body, and splenium); callosal boundaries were outlined and all CC lesions were manually traced. Normal CC and CC lesion volumes were measured using a semiautomatic software. RESULTS From January 2014 to December 2016, all selected patients had confluent lesions on MRI at T3 with a significant increase in the size of confluent lesions compared to baseline (p=0.0007). At T1, a significant increase in the size of confluent (p=0.02) and single lesions located in the callosal body (p=0.04) was detected in patients with EDSS ≥1.5. Also, CC residual volume (CCR) rather than the whole CC volume (CCV) significantly correlated (p=0.03) with the clinical progression of MS in the whole cohort. CONCLUSIONS In early MS patients with higher EDSS at baseline, a significant increase in confluent CC lesions size is evident, particularly in the callosal body. Also, median CCR is significantly associated with MS progression in the whole MS group, regardless of initial EDSS. Given their significant association with disability, we encourage measuring CC body lesions and residual CC size for therapeutic decisions and prognostic planning in early MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sotgiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
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15
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Carta A, Vainieri I, Rommel AS, Zuddas A, Kuntsi J, Sotgiu S, Adamo N. Temperament Dimensions and Awakening Cortisol Levels in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:803001. [PMID: 35546956 PMCID: PMC9081759 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.803001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether temperament dimensions, Effortful Control (EC), Surgency-Extraversion (SE), and Negative Affectivity (NA), are associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and how they relate to awakening cortisol levels, as a proxy measure of peripheral arousal. METHODS Parent-rated temperament and saliva samples were collected from 55 children with ADHD and 65 age-matched controls. RESULTS Compared to controls, youths with ADHD showed lower EC, higher NA, and lower awakening cortisol levels but did not differ in SE. Similar findings emerged in dimensional analyses linking temperament traits to inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms. The results remained unchanged when controlling for the presence of co-occurring opposition-defiance and anxiety traits, as well as medication status. Temperament dimensions were not associated with cortisol levels. CONCLUSIONS Poor temperamental emotional and cognitive self-regulation showed significant associations with ADHD but did not appear to be linked to the under-arousal typically seen in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Carta
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabella Vainieri
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna-Sophie Rommel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alessandro Zuddas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, 'A.Cao', Paediatric Hospital, 'G. Brotzu' Hospital Trust, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Sotgiu
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Adamo
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Eusebi A, Zara P, Zarbo IR, Festa S, Dessì V, Pes V, Salis F, Sotgiu G, Carta A, Sotgiu S. Long-term trajectory of acquired demyelinating syndrome and multiple sclerosis in children. Dev Med Child Neurol 2021; 63:1059-1065. [PMID: 33938575 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM We assessed the frequency, characteristics, and future trajectory of monophasic acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) associated with conversion to paediatric multiple sclerosis. METHOD This was a retrospective observational study of Sardinian children (<18y of age) with onset of ADS between 2001 and 2018. RESULTS We identified 44 children with ADS (21 males, 23 females; median age at onset 16y, range 4mo-18y), 21 of whom were already presenting with criteria for paediatric multiple sclerosis. The mean crude prevalence of ADS in Sardinian children was 59.2 per 100 000, while incidence was 3.1 per 100 000 per year (1.3 in children aged ≤10y and 11.9 in those aged 10-17y). After a mean (SD) follow-up of 8 years 5 months (5y 4mo), the most common (n=32) trajectory was conversion to paediatric multiple sclerosis. At onset, the total prevalence and mean annual incidence of paediatric multiple sclerosis were 35.6 per 100 000 and 2.3 per 100 000 respectively (0.5 in individuals aged ≤10y, 10.0 in the older group). INTERPRETATION Sardinia is a very high risk area for ADS in children. Nearly half of this population can already be diagnosed with paediatric multiple sclerosis at onset. Overall, 72% of those with ADS will have paediatric multiple sclerosis after a mean of 8 years. What this paper adds Sardinia is a very high risk area for paediatric acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS). A high proportion of those with paediatric multiple sclerosis are diagnosed at onset of ADS. After an average 8 years from onset of paediatric ADS, three-quarters of patients are diagnosed with paediatric multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Eusebi
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Pietro Zara
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ignazio Roberto Zarbo
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Silvia Festa
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Veronica Dessì
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Valentina Pes
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesca Salis
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carta
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefano Sotgiu
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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17
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Mattozzi S, Cerminara C, Sotgiu MA, Carta A, Coniglio A, Roberto D, Simula DM, Luca Pruneddu G, Dell'Avvento S, Muzzu SS, Fadda M, Luzzu GM, Sotgiu S, Casellato S. Occurrence of hyperventilation-induced high amplitude rhythmic slowing with altered awareness after successful treatment of typical absence seizures and a network hypothesis. Clin Neurophysiol Pract 2021; 6:185-188. [PMID: 34258479 PMCID: PMC8255168 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that typical absence seizures (AS) and hyperventilation-induced high amplitude rhythmic slowing (HIHARS) or HIHARS with Altered Awareness (HIHARSAA) can coexist in the same patient, but never at the same time. We found that alkalosis and dysfunction of the same neural network are involved in both AS and HIHARS. AS and HIHARS should be better recognized to avoid misdiagnosis and overtreatment. AS and HIHARS can coexist in the same patient, but never at the same time.
Background Typical absence seizures (AS) are epileptic phenomena typically appearing in children 4–15 years of age and can be elicited by hyperventilation (HV). Hyperventilation-induced high-amplitude rhythmic slowing (HIHARS) represents a paraphysiological response during HV and may manifest with alteration of awareness (HIHARSAA). To date, HIHARSAA has mostly been described in patients without epilepsy. Aim To describe five patients with treatment-responsive typical AS who, after becoming seizure free, presented with HIHARSAA. Methods By using video-electroencephalographic recording (Video-EEG), we describe differential clinical characteristics and ictal electrophysiological patterns of both typical AS and HIHARSAA. Results We demonstrate that when HIHARSAA occurs in patients with typical AS there is a temporal window between the two phenomena. This suggests that the presence of typical AS precludes the appearance of HIHARSAA. Conclusions We hypothesize that alkalosis and dysfunction of the same neural network are involved in both typical AS and HIHARSAA and that their distinct electroclinic manifestations are due to the involvement of different ion channels. Significance A better understanding of the characteristics of typical AS and HIHARSAA and of the role of alkalosis in both, can help avoiding misdiagnosis and identifying more suitable therapies for typical AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mattozzi
- Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Caterina Cerminara
- Department of Neurosciences, Pediatric Neurology Unit (PNU), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Maria A Sotgiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carta
- Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonella Coniglio
- Department of Neurosciences, Pediatric Neurology Unit (PNU), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Denis Roberto
- Department of Neurosciences, Pediatric Neurology Unit (PNU), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Delia M Simula
- Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Pruneddu
- Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Silvia Dell'Avvento
- Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - S Sonia Muzzu
- Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Fadda
- Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni M Luzzu
- Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefano Sotgiu
- Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Susanna Casellato
- Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy
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18
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Scoppola C, Magli G, Conti M, Fadda M, Luzzu GM, Simula DM, Carta A, Sotgiu S, Casellato S. CACNA1A-Linked Hemiplegic Migraine in GLUT 1 Deficiency Syndrome: A Case Report. Front Neurol 2021; 12:679354. [PMID: 34135856 PMCID: PMC8200771 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.679354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Glucose-transporter-1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1-DS), due to SLC2A1 gene mutation, is characterized by early-onset seizures, which are often drug-resistant, developmental delay, and hypotonia. Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is a rare form of migraine, defined by headache associated with transient hemiplegia, and can be caused by mutations in either CACNA1A, ATP1A2, or SCN1A. Paroxysmal movements, other transient neurological disorders, or hemiplegic events can occur in GLUT1-DS patients with a mild phenotype. Case: We report on a girl with GLUT1-DS, due to SLC2A1 mutation, with a mild phenotype. In early childhood, she developed epilepsy and mild cognitive impairment, balance disorders, and clumsiness. At the age of 9, the patient reported a first hemiplegic episode, which regressed spontaneously. Over the next 3 years, two similar episodes occurred, accompanied by headache. Therefore, in the hypothesis of HM, genetic testing was performed and CACNA1A mutation was identified. The treatment with Lamotrigine avoided the recurrence of HM episodes. Discussion: To our knowledge, among the several cases of GLUT1-DS with HM symptoms described in the literature, genetic testing was only performed in two of them, which eventually proved to be negative. In all other cases, no other genes except for SLC2A1 were examined. Consequently, our patient would be the first description of GLUT1-DS with HM due to CACNA1A mutation. We would emphasize the importance of performing specific genetic testing in patients with GLUT1-DS with symptoms evocative of HM, which may allow clinicians to use specific pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Scoppola
- Center for Diagnosis and Care of Pediatric Epilepsy, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Magli
- Center for Diagnosis and Care of Pediatric Epilepsy, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marta Conti
- Center for Diagnosis and Care of Pediatric Epilepsy, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Fadda
- Center for Diagnosis and Care of Pediatric Epilepsy, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni M Luzzu
- Center for Diagnosis and Care of Pediatric Epilepsy, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Delia M Simula
- Center for Diagnosis and Care of Pediatric Epilepsy, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carta
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefano Sotgiu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Susanna Casellato
- Center for Diagnosis and Care of Pediatric Epilepsy, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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19
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Carta A, Zarbo IR, Scoppola C, Pisuttu G, Conti M, Melis MC, Martino FD, Serra A, Biancu MA, Guerini FR, Bazzardi R, Sotgiu S. Maternal multiple sclerosis is not a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 2021; 7:20552173211017301. [PMID: 34104473 PMCID: PMC8165841 DOI: 10.1177/20552173211017301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including specific learning disorders (SLD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), are pathogenically linked to familial autoimmunity and maternal immune-mediated diseases during pregnancy. Objective We studied maternal MS as a potential risk factor for NDDs occurrence in offspring. Methods MS and control mothers were subjected to questionnaires to ascertain NDD diagnosis in their progeny and the occurrence of both autoimmune and neurodevelopment disorders in their families. Suspected NDD cases were evaluated to confirm or rule out the diagnosis. Results Of the 322 MS women, 206 (64%) have 361 children; of these, 27 (7.5%) were diagnosed with NDD (11% ADHD; 22% ASD; 67% SLD). NDD-risk in offspring was associated to family history of autoimmunity and to NDDs both in MS and non-MS mother families (r = 0.75; p = 0.005) whereas it was not associated to maternal MS. Conclusions For the first time, we demonstrate that maternal MS does not predispose children to higher risk for NDD. On a mechanistic view, we suggest that the intrinsic organ-specific nature of MS does not impair the mother–child cross-talk in decidua nor does it influence fetal neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Carta
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ignazio R Zarbo
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Chiara Scoppola
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giulia Pisuttu
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marta Conti
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria C Melis
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Federica De Martino
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonella Serra
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria A Biancu
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Bazzardi
- Struttura Complessa Controllo Microbiologico e Ispezione degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna "G. Pegreffi", Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefano Sotgiu
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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20
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Sotgiu S, Onida I, Magli G, Castiglia P, Conti M, Nuvoli A, Carta A, Festa S, Dessì V, Doneddu PE, Nobile-Orazio E. Juvenile Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy Epidemiology in Sardinia, Insular Italy. Neuropediatrics 2021; 52:56-61. [PMID: 33111308 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare and disabling immunomediated radiculoneuropathy. Its worldwide epidemiology is heterogeneous and, in adults, CIDP prevalence varies from 0.6 to 9 cases per 100,000 population. Juvenile CIDP (jCIDP) is even rarer, with age-specific prevalence rates varying from 0.23 to 1.26 owing to different diagnostic criteria (American Academy of Neurology [AAN] and European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society [EFNS/PNS]), different age grouping or, genuine differences. OBJECTIVES We assessed jCIDP incidence and prevalence in Sardinia, an area at very-high risk for autoimmune diseases, using comparable methods. DESIGN The study area was the northern Sardinia, insular Italy, with 491,571 inhabitants and a pediatric population (0-18 years) of 79,086 individuals. RESULTS On prevalence day (December 31, 2019) the total crude, age-specific prevalence rate were 6.32 per 100,000 according with AAN criteria, 7.58 per 100,000 population with European Neuromuscular Center (ENMC) criteria, and 8.85 per 100,000 population with both 2006 and 2010 EFNS/PNS criteria. Crude mean incidence rate were 0.42 per 100,000 per year with AAN criteria, 0.50 per 100,000 per year with ENMC criteria, and 0.59 per 100,000 per year using 2006 and 2010 EFNS/PNS criteria. Of the eight patients, six had typical CIDP, one had multifocal-acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy (MADSAM), and one chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy (CISP). Patient's disability was generally mild. Clinical course was progressive, monophasic, or relapsing. CONCLUSION jCIDP prevalence and incidence rates in Sardinia were criteria-dependent, the lowest obtained when using AAN criteria, the highest using the EFNS/PNS. Nonetheless, even with the exclusion of the "possible" category, by using comparable methodology, prevalence rates in Sardinia are considerably higher than the range reported in all previous jCIDP studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sotgiu
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Onida
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Magli
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Castiglia
- Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marta Conti
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Angela Nuvoli
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carta
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Silvia Festa
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Veronica Dessì
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Pietro E Doneddu
- Neuromuscular Disease and Neuroimmunology Service, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Eduardo Nobile-Orazio
- Neuromuscular Disease and Neuroimmunology Service, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan, Italy
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21
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Sotgiu S, Scoppola C, Carta A, Pisuttu G, Salis F. Paroxysmal rhythmic pelvic movements: an unusual paediatric presentation of Chiari I malformation with syringomyelia. Childs Nerv Syst 2020; 36:2901-2903. [PMID: 33000420 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-04904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sotgiu
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - C Scoppola
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A Carta
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - G Pisuttu
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - F Salis
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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22
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Sotgiu S, Manca S, Gagliano A, Minutolo A, Melis MC, Pisuttu G, Scoppola C, Bolognesi E, Clerici M, Guerini FR, Carta A. Immune regulation of neurodevelopment at the mother-foetus interface: the case of autism. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1211. [PMID: 33209302 PMCID: PMC7662086 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by deficits in social communication and stereotypical behaviours. ASD’s aetiology remains mostly unclear, because of a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Recently, a strong consensus has developed around ASD’s immune‐mediated pathophysiology, which is the subject of this review. For many years, neuroimmunological studies tried to understand ASD as a prototypical antibody‐ or cell‐mediated disease. Other findings indicated the importance of autoimmune mechanisms such as familial and individual autoimmunity, adaptive immune abnormalities and the influence of infections during gestation. However, recent studies have challenged the idea that autism may be a classical autoimmune disease. Modern neurodevelopmental immunology shows the double‐edged nature of many immune effectors, which can be either beneficial or detrimental depending on tissue homeostasis, stressors, neurodevelopmental stage, inherited and de novo gene mutations and other variables. Nowadays, mother–child interactions in the prenatal environment appear to be crucial for the occurrence of ASD. Studies of animal maternal–foetal immune interaction are being fruitfully carried out using different combinations of type and timing of infection, of maternal immune response and foetal vulnerability and of resilience factors to hostile events. The derailed neuroimmune crosstalk through the placenta initiates and maintains a chronic foetal neuroglial activation, eventually causing the alteration of neurogenesis, migration, synapse formation and pruning. The importance of pregnancy can also allow early immune interventions, which can significantly reduce the increasing risk of ASD and its heavy social burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sotgiu
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry Department of Medical Surgical and Experimental Sciences University of Sassari Sassari Italy
| | - Salvatorica Manca
- Unità Operativa di Neuropsichiatria Infanzia e Adolescenza (UONPIA) ASSL Sassari Sassari Italy
| | - Antonella Gagliano
- Child & Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Alessandra Minutolo
- Child & Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Maria Clotilde Melis
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry Department of Medical Surgical and Experimental Sciences University of Sassari Sassari Italy
| | - Giulia Pisuttu
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry Department of Medical Surgical and Experimental Sciences University of Sassari Sassari Italy
| | - Chiara Scoppola
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry Department of Medical Surgical and Experimental Sciences University of Sassari Sassari Italy
| | | | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi - ONLUS Milan Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation University of Milano Milan Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Carta
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry Department of Medical Surgical and Experimental Sciences University of Sassari Sassari Italy
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23
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Sotgiu S, Minutolo A, Carta A, Puseddu G, Doneddu PE, Nobile-Orazio E. Chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy (CISP): First juvenile case description. Neurol Sci 2020; 42:333-336. [PMID: 32651857 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In its typical presentation, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) occurs more often in old males as a progressive/recurrent motor and sensory nerve dysfunction with tendon areflexia. However, CIDP has also atypical clinical presentations, including pure sensory neuropathies, among which chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy (CISP) accounts for only 0.5% of all CIDP, with no juvenile cases reported as yet. A 17-year-old girl presented for a progressive sensory ataxia and hands clumsiness. Diffuse tendon areflexia and hypokinaesthesia were observed. Motor and sensory nerve conduction studies were normal. F-waves were normal in median nerves and elongated in tibial nerves. H-reflex and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) were absent. CSF normal cellularity with hyperproteinorrachia was found. Paraneoplastic, metabolic, and paraproteinemic neuropathies were excluded. A diagnosis of CISP has been made based on the presence of pure sensory symptoms in a polyneuropathic distribution, normal peripheral nerve conduction studies, and two supportive criteria (SSEP and CSF). Our paper describes the first CISP case in the pediatric age. We confirm SSEP and CSF as useful complementary tests for this diagnosis also at this age and suggest that clinicians should consider CISP in the spectrum of sporadic sensory ataxias of the pediatric age. We also suggest that in the presence of normal F-wave and peripheral motor nerve conduction, an absent H-reflex can further substantiate SSEPs in the diagnosis of CISP. Intravenous immunoglobulins were rapidly effective and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sotgiu
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Sassari, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 42, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - A Minutolo
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Sassari, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 42, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - A Carta
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Sassari, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 42, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - G Puseddu
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Sassari, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 42, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - P E Doneddu
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan, Italy
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24
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Carta A, Fucà E, Guerrera S, Napoli E, Valeri G, Vicari S. Characterization of Clinical Manifestations in the Co-occurring Phenotype of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Psychol 2020; 11:861. [PMID: 32499739 PMCID: PMC7244252 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Comorbidity between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a frequently reported condition. However, the clinical overlaps between the two disorders are not well characterized. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) is a well-documented measure of emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether CBCL scales were able to detect psychopathological comorbidities as well as emotional and behavioral profiles across three groups of children with ASD, ADHD, and with the co-occurrence of both disorders. The results show that around 30% of participants with ASD exhibited internalizing problems, which was in line with previous findings. Co-occurrence condition showed a clinical intermediate phenotype: relative to ADHD and ASD, youths with co-occurrence of ADHD and ASD phenotype showed respectively lower (p < 0.000) and higher externalizing problems (p < 0.000). No differences emerged in internalizing problems (p > 0.05) across groups. CBCL is a useful measure to study the psychopathological conditions as well as emotional and behavioral profiles associated with ASD, ADHD, and the co-occurrence of ADHD and ASD. The identification of psychopathological and behavioral profiles associated with ASD and ADHD is crucial to perform specific and individualized treatments. Our preliminary findings suggested the existence of an intermediate and independent phenotype between ADHD and ASD that seems to be defined by the externalizing problems. Internalizing problems do not significantly differ between the combined phenotype and the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Carta
- Department of Neurosciences, Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisa Fucà
- Department of Neurosciences, Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Guerrera
- Department of Neurosciences, Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Neurosciences, Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Valeri
- Department of Neurosciences, Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Department of Neurosciences, Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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25
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Guerini FR, Bolognesi E, Chiappedi M, Mensi MM, Fumagalli O, Rogantini C, Zanzottera M, Ghezzo A, Zanette M, Agliardi C, Costa AS, Sotgiu S, Carta A, Al Daghri N, Clerici M. Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Res 2020; 13:680-690. [PMID: 32083397 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is endowed with a number of biological properties, including down-regulation of inflammation, and might contribute to the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Vitamin D binds to the vitamin D Receptor (VDR); the biological activity of the ensuing complex depends on VDR FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI gene polymorphisms. We evaluated such Single Nucletoide Polymorphismsm (SNPs) in a cohort of 100 Italian families with ASD children. FokI genotype distribution was skewed in ASD children compared with their healthy sibs (Pc = 0.03 2 df) and to a group of 170 Italian healthy women (HC) (Pc = 0.04 2 df). FokI genotype and allelic distribution skewing were also observed in mothers of ASD children compared to HC (Pc = 0.04 2 df). Both Transmission Disequilibrium Test for single loci and haplotype analysis distribution revealed a major FokI (C) allele-mediated protective effect, which was more frequently transmitted (73%) than not transmitted to healthy sibs (P = 0.02). A protective FokI-, BsmI-, ApaI-, and TaqI (CCAG) haplotype was more frequently carried by healthy sibs than by ASD children (P = 1 × 10-4 ; OR: 0.1, 95% CI: 0.03-0.4) too. Finally, a strong gene-dose association of FokI (T) allele with both higher Childhood Autism Rating Scale score (Pc = 0.01) and, particularly, with hyperactivity behavior (Pc = 0.006) emerged in ASD children. Because the protein produced by the FokI (T) allele is transcriptionally less active than that produced by the FokI (C) allele, the reduced biological activity of the vitamin D/VDR complex prevalent in ASD could favor ASD- and maternal immune activation- associated inflammation. Vitamin D supplementation might be useful in preventative and rehabilitation protocols for ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 680-690. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Vitamin D deficiency and Vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms are associated with structural and functional brain abnormalities and behavioral disorders. We analyzed the association of VDR gene polymorphisms in a cohort of 100 Italian families with ASD children. A strong correlation between one of the VDR polymorphisms and hyperactivity behavior was evidenced in ASD children. In healthy mothers, the same VDR polymorphism was also correlated with an increased risk of giving birth to children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matteo Chiappedi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Chiara Rogantini
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Ghezzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Stefano Sotgiu
- Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carta
- Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Child Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nasser Al Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
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26
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Sotgiu S, Eusebi A, Begliuomini C, Guerini FR, Carta A. Reader response: Pregnancy decision-making in women with multiple sclerosis treated with natalizumab: I: Fetal risks. Neurology 2019; 91:850. [PMID: 30373925 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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27
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Guerini FR, Bolognesi E, Sotgiu S, Carta A, Clerici C, Chiappedi M, Ghezzo A, Zanette M, Mensi MM, Canevini MP, Zanzottera M, Agliardi C, Costa AS, Balottin U, Clerici M. HLA-G allelic distribution in Sardinian children with Autism spectrum disorders: A replication study. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 79:314-318. [PMID: 30763769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent results show that in mainland Italian children with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), HLA-G coding alleles distribution is skewed and an association between HLA-G*01:05N and ASD is present. Herein, in an independent cohort of Sardinian ASD (sASD) children and their relatives, we verify whether HLA-G allele association with ASD could be confirmed in this genetically peculiar insular population. One hundred children with a diagnosis of ASD, born in Sardinia and of Sardinian descent, 91 of their mothers, and 40 of their healthy siblings were enrolled. DNA sequencing analysis of HLA-G exon 2, 3 and 4 was used to obtain HLA-G allelic frequencies. Alleles distribution was compared with that of continental ASD children and with a control group of Caucasoid couples of multiparous women and their partners from Brazil and Denmark. Skewing of HLA-G allele distribution was replicated in sASD children; in particular, the HLA-G*01:03 allele, associated with reduced fetal tolerogenicity and development of myeloid leukemia, was more common in both ASD groups compared to controls (pc = 1 × 10-3; OR:3.5, 95%CI: 1.8-6.8). However, given the lack of data on HLA-G*01:03 allelic distribution among Sardinian healthy subjects, we cannot exclude a population effect. These data confirm an association of HLA-G locus with ASD development, particularly with those alleles linked to a lower expression of tolerogenic HLA-G protein, thus warranting further studies on HLA-G polymorphism distribution in different ASD populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefano Sotgiu
- Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carta
- Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy; Child Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Chiappedi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ghezzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Maria M Mensi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria P Canevini
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit and Epilepsy Center, San Paolo Hospital, Milano, Italy; Departments of Health Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Umberto Balottin
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milano, Italy; Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
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Begliuomini C, Magli G, Di Rocco M, Santorelli FM, Cassandrini D, Nesti C, Deodato F, Diodato D, Casellato S, Simula DM, Dessì V, Eusebi A, Carta A, Sotgiu S. VARS2-linked mitochondrial encephalopathy: two case reports enlarging the clinical phenotype. BMC Med Genet 2019; 20:77. [PMID: 31064326 PMCID: PMC6505124 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0798-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial respiratory chain consists of five complexes encoded by nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are key enzymes in the synthesis of such complexes. Bi-allelic variants of VARS2, a nuclear gene encoding for valyl-tRNA (Val-tRNA) synthetase, are associated to several forms of mitochondrial encephalopathies or cardiomyoencephalopathies. Among these, the rare homozygous c.1100C > T (p.Thr367Ile) mutation variably presents with progressive developmental delay, axial hypotonia, limbs spasticity, drug-resistant epilepsy leading, in some cases, to premature death. Yet only six cases, of which three are siblings, harbouring this homozygous mutation have been described worldwide. Case presentation Hereby, we report two additional cases of two non-related young girls from Sardinia, born from non-consanguineous and healthy parents, carrying the aforesaid homozygous VARS2 variant. At onset both the patients presented with worsening psychomotor delay, muscle hypotonia and brisk tendon reflexes. Standard genetic tests were normal, as well as metabolic investigations. Brain MRI showed unspecific progressive abnormalities, such as corpus callosum hypoplasia (patient A) and cerebellar atrophy (patient A and B). Diagnosis was reached by adopting massive parallel next generation sequencing. Notably clinical phenotype of the first patient appears to be milder compared to previous known cases. The second patient eventually developed refractory epilepsy and currently presents with severe global impairment. Because no specific treatment is available as yet, both patients are treated with supporting antioxidant compounds along with symptomatic therapies. Conclusions Given the paucity of clinical data about this very rare mitochondrial encephalopathy, our report might contribute to broaden the phenotypic spectrum of the disorder. Moreover, noteworthy, three out of five pedigrees so far described belong to the Northern Sardinia ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Begliuomini
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry Residency Program, University Hospital of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, I-07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Magli
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry Residency Program, University Hospital of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maja Di Rocco
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Rare Diseases, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Filippo M Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno, 331 56018 Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Denise Cassandrini
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno, 331 56018 Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Nesti
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno, 331 56018 Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Deodato
- Metabolic Division, 'Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Piazza di Sant'Onofrio4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Daria Diodato
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, 'Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Piazza di Sant'Onofrio, 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Casellato
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry Residency Program, University Hospital of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Delia M Simula
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry Residency Program, University Hospital of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Veronica Dessì
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry Residency Program, University Hospital of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Anna Eusebi
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry Residency Program, University Hospital of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carta
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry Residency Program, University Hospital of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, I-07100, Sassari, Italy.,Child Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, 'Bambino Gesù' Children's Research Hospital, Piazza di Sant'Onofrio, 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Sotgiu
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry Residency Program, University Hospital of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
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Puglia G, Carta A, Bizzoca R, Toorop P, Spampinato G, Raccuia SA. Seed dormancy and control of germination in Sisymbrella dentata (L.) O.E. Schulz (Brassicaceae). Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2018; 20:879-885. [PMID: 29905395 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination responsiveness to environmental cues is crucial for plant species living in changeable habitats and can vary among populations within the same species as a result of adaptation or modulation to local climates. Here, we investigate the germination response to environmental cues of Sisymbrella dentata (L.) O.E. Schulz, an annual endemic to Sicily living in Mediterranean Temporary Ponds (MTP), a vulnerable ecosystem. Germination of the only two known populations, Gurrida and Pantano, was assessed over a broad range of conditions to understand the role of temperatures, nitrate, hormones (abscisic acid - ABA and gibberellins - GA) and after-ripening in dormancy release in this species. Seed germination responsiveness varied between the two populations, with seeds from Gurrida germinating under a narrower range of conditions. Overall, this process in S. dentata consisted of testa and endosperm rupture as two sequential events, influenced by ABA and GA biosynthesis. Nitrate addition caused an earlier testa rupture, after-ripening broadened the thermal conditions that allow germination, and alternating temperatures significantly promoted germination of non-after-ripened seeds. Primary dormancy in S. dentata seeds likely allows this plant to form a persistent seed bank that is responsive to specific environmental cues characteristic of MTP habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Puglia
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo (CNR-ISAFOM) U.O.S. Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Carta
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Bizzoca
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - P Toorop
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Richmond, UK
| | - G Spampinato
- Department of Agriculture, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - S A Raccuia
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo (CNR-ISAFOM) U.O.S. Catania, Catania, Italy
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Carta A, Bertuzzi F, Cologno D, Giorgi C, Montanari E, Tedesco S. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri): Descriptive Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Visual Outcome in Parma, Italy, 1990 to 1999. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 14:48-54. [PMID: 15005585 DOI: 10.1177/112067210401400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To ascertain the annual incidence rate and the clinical features, other than visual outcome, of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in Parma, northern Italy. METHODS Neurologic care of people living in the Parma area is entirely provided by one private and two public hospitals. Medical records related to IIH were retrospectively reviewed for all Parma residents from 1990 through 1999. Results Ten patients (8 women and 2 men) were identified as having IIH according to modified Dandy criteria. Their age ranged from 16 to 53 years with a mean of 36 years at diagnosis. The annual age-adjusted rate per 100,000 is 0.28 for the total population. For women in reproductive age, the annual incidence rate is 0.65/100,000. For overweight women in reproductive age, the annual incidence rate is 2.7/100,000. CONCLUSIONS The incidence rate found in this study is lower than the incidence reported in previous US and Libyan studies. A significant difference in overweight distribution is observed comparing percentage of body weight between US and Parma populations. As overweight and obesity are important factors contributing to IIH development, it is possible that their low percentage in the Parma population may, at least partially, explain the low IIH incidence observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carta
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Parma, Hospital of Fidenza, Italy.
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31
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Guerini FR, Bolognesi E, Chiappedi M, Ripamonti E, Ghezzo A, Zanette M, Sotgiu S, Mensi MM, Carta A, Canevini MP, Zanzottera M, Agliardi C, Costa AS, Balottin U, Clerici M. HLA-G coding region polymorphism is skewed in autistic spectrum disorders. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 67:308-313. [PMID: 28923404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Different isoforms of HLA-G protein are endowed with a differential ability to induce allogenic tolerance during pregnancy. As prenatal immune activation is suggested to play a role in the onset of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD), we evaluated HLA G*01:01-*01:06 allelic polymorphism in a cohort of Italian children affected by ASD (N=111) their mothers (N=81), and their healthy siblings (N=39). DNA sequencing analysis of HLA-G exon 2, 3 and 4 was used to obtain HLA-G allelic frequencies; alleles distribution was compared with that of two control groups of Caucasoid couples of multiparous women and their partners from Brazil and Denmark. HLA-G distribution was significantly different in ASD children compared to both control groups (Brazilian pc=1×10-4; Danish pc=1×10-3). Since HLA-G distribution was similar in the two control groups, their data were pooled. Results indicated that HLA-G*01:01 was significantly less frequent (pc=1×10-4; OR:0.5, 95%CI: 0.3-0.7) whereas HLA-G*01:05N was significantly more frequent (pc=2×10-3; OR:7.3, 95%CI: 2.4-26.6) in ASD children compared to combined controls. Finally, no clear pattern emerged when HLA-G allelic distribution was analyzed in healthy sibs. Notably, HLA-G allelic distribution found in ASD mothers was similar to that observed in the control subgroup of women with recurrent miscarriages, whilst it was significantly different compared to women without miscarriages (pc=6×10-4 df=12). Since HLA-G*01:01 is associated with the elicitation of KIR-mediated tolerogenic responses and HLA-G*01:05N correlates with NK cells activation, results herein indicate that an immune activating milieu during pregnancy is more likely observed in association with the development of ASD, similarly to what occurs in women with recurrent miscarriages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matteo Chiappedi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Ghezzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Associazione Nazionale Famiglie di Persone con Disabilitá Intellettiva e/o Relazionale (ANFFAS), Macerata, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Sotgiu
- Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Martina Mensi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carta
- Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Umberto Balottin
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS, Milano, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
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Metro G, Passaro A, Lo Russo G, Bonanno L, Giusti R, Gregorc V, Capelletto E, Martelli O, Cecere F, Giannarelli D, Luciani A, Bearz A, Tuzi A, Scotti V, Tonini G, Galetta D, Carta A, Soto Parra H, Morabito A, Chiari R. Efficacy of ceritinib administered to patients with crizotinib-refractory, ALK-positive, advanced NSCLC within the Italian compassionate use program. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx426.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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33
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Gozzi F, Aldigeri R, Mora P, Bianchi-Marzoli S, Barboni P, Gandolfi S, Farci R, Fossarello M, Incerti M, Carta A. Optical coherence tomography in the differential diagnosis of true edema versus pseudoedema of the optic disc. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.02674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Gozzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Parma, Ophthalmology Unit; Parma Italy
| | - R. Aldigeri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - P. Mora
- Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Parma, Ophthalmology Unit; Parma Italy
| | - S. Bianchi-Marzoli
- Department of Ophthalmology; Neuro-ophthalmology Unit; IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; Milan Italy
| | - P. Barboni
- Department of Ophthalmology; San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan Italy
| | - S. Gandolfi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Parma, Ophthalmology Unit; Parma Italy
| | - R. Farci
- Department of Surgical Sciences - Eye Clinic; University of Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
| | - M. Fossarello
- Department of Surgical Sciences - Eye Clinic; University of Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
| | - M. Incerti
- Department of Neurosurgery; Policlinico di Monza; Monza Italy
| | - A. Carta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Parma, Ophthalmology Unit; Parma Italy
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Carta A, Piccinini S, Ormitti F, Mora P, Gandolfi S, Ruoli F, Simonelli M, Incerti M, Nicoletti P. Magnetic resonance imaging features in moebius syndrome: a pilot study. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.0t050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Carta
- Ophthalmology Unit- Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - S. Piccinini
- Department of Neuroradiology; University Hospital of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - F. Ormitti
- Department of Neuroradiology; University Hospital of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - P. Mora
- Ophthalmology Unit- Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - S. Gandolfi
- Ophthalmology Unit- Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - F. Ruoli
- Ophthalmology Unit- Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - M.B. Simonelli
- Ophthalmology Unit- Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - M. Incerti
- Department of Neurosurgery; Policlinico di Monza; Monza Italy
| | - P. Nicoletti
- Ophthalmology Unit- Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Parma; Parma Italy
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Mora P, Tagliavini V, Tedesco S, Forlini M, Carta A, Gandolfi S. Surgical management of Acute Retinal Necrosis (ARN): timing and outcomes. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.03183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Mora
- Ophthalmology; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | | | - S. Tedesco
- Ophthalmology; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - M. Forlini
- Ophthalmology; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - A. Carta
- Ophthalmology; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - S. Gandolfi
- Ophthalmology; University of Parma; Parma Italy
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Carta A, Briguglio I, Piras S, Corona P, Ibba R, Laurini E, Fermeglia M, Pricl S, Desideri N, Atzori E, La Colla P, Collu G, Delogu I, Loddo R. A combined in silico / in vitro approach unveils common molecular requirements for efficient BVDV RdRp binding of linear aromatic N-polycyclic systems. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 117:321-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Madonia G, Porcu S, Diaferia C, Carta A, Margiotta S, Pirone G, Daga E, Ligios S. A survey on the characteristics of sausage made from Sicilian and Sardinian native pigs. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Madonia
- Istituto Sperimentale Zootecnico per la Sicilia. Palermo, Italy
| | - S. Porcu
- Istituto Zootecnico e Caseario per la Sardegna. Olmedo (SS), Italy
| | - C. Diaferia
- Stazione Sperimentale per l’Industria delle Conserve Alimentari. Parma, Italy
| | - A. Carta
- Istituto Zootecnico e Caseario per la Sardegna. Olmedo (SS), Italy
| | - S. Margiotta
- Istituto Sperimentale Zootecnico per la Sicilia. Palermo, Italy
| | - G. Pirone
- Stazione Sperimentale per l’Industria delle Conserve Alimentari. Parma, Italy
| | - E. Daga
- Istituto Zootecnico e Caseario per la Sardegna. Olmedo (SS), Italy
| | - S. Ligios
- Istituto Zootecnico e Caseario per la Sardegna. Olmedo (SS), Italy
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Sechi T, Usai M, Casu S, Carta A. Genetic diversity of Sardinian goat population based on microsatellites. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2005.2s.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zorzi M, Valiante F, Germanà B, Baldassarre G, Coria B, Rinaldi M, Heras Salvat H, Carta A, Bortoluzzi F, Cervellin E, Polo ML, Bulighin G, Azzurro M, Di Piramo D, Turrin A, Monica F. Comparison between different colon cleansing products for screening colonoscopy. A noninferiority trial in population-based screening programs in Italy. Endoscopy 2016; 48:223-31. [PMID: 26760605 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1569574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS The high volume and poor palatability of 4 L of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based bowel cleansing preparation required before a colonoscopy represent a major obstacle for patients. The aim of this study was to compare two low volume PEG-based preparations with standard 4 L PEG in individuals with a positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) within organized screening programs in Italy. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 3660 patients with a positive FIT result were randomized to receive, in a split-dose regimen, 4 L PEG or 2 L PEG plus ascorbate (PEG-A) or 2 L PEG with citrate and simethicone plus bisacodyl (PEG-CS). The noninferiority of the low volume preparations vs. 4 L PEG was tested through the difference in proportions of adequate cleansing. RESULTS A total of 2802 patients were included in the study. Adequate bowel cleansing was achieved in 868 of 926 cases (93.7 %) in the 4 L PEG group, in 872 out of 911 cases in the PEG-A group (95.7 %, difference in proportions + 1.9 %, 95 % confidence interval [CI] - 0.1 to 3.9), and in 862 out of 921 cases in the PEG-CS group (93.6 %, difference in proportions - 0.2 %, 95 %CI - 2.4 to 2.0). Bowel cleansing was adequate in 95.5 % of cases when the preparation-to-colonoscopy interval was between 120 and 239 minutes, whereas it dropped to 83.3 % with longer intervals. Better cleansing was observed in patients with regular bowel movements (95.6 %) compared with those with diarrhea (92.4 %) or constipation (90.8 %). CONCLUSION Low volume PEG-based preparations administered in a split-dose regimen guarantee noninferior bowel cleansing compared with 4 L PEG. Constipated patients require a personalized preparation. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT 2012 - 003958 - 82.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Zorzi
- Veneto Cancer Registry, Regione Veneto, Padua, Italy
| | - Flavio Valiante
- Gastroenterologia ed endoscopia digestiva, ULSS 2, Feltre, Italy
| | - Bastianello Germanà
- Dipartimento delle Chirurgie Specialistiche, Gastroenterologia, Ospedale S. Martino, ULSS 1, Belluno, Italy
| | | | - Bartolomea Coria
- Centrale Operativa Screening, Servizio Igiene e Sanità Pubblica, ULSS 6, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Michela Rinaldi
- Gastroenterologia, Ospedale di Conegliano, ULSS 7, Conegliano, Italy
| | - Helena Heras Salvat
- Gastroenterologia, Ospedale S. Maria di Ca' Foncello, ULSS 9, Treviso, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carta
- Endoscopia Digestiva, Chirurgia, ULSS 10, San Donà di Piave, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Gianmarco Bulighin
- Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva, ULSS 20, San Bonifacio, Italy
| | - Maurizio Azzurro
- Endoscopia Digestiva e Gastroenterologia, ULSS 21, Legnago, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Piramo
- Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva, ULSS 22, Bussolengo, Italy
| | - Anna Turrin
- Settore promozione e sviluppo igiene e sanità pubblica, Regione Veneto, Venezia, Italy
| | - Fabio Monica
- Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria "Ospedali Riuniti," Trieste, Italy
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Carta A, Probert R, Puglia G, Peruzzi L, Bedini G. Local climate explains degree of seed dormancy in Hypericum elodes L. (Hypericaceae). Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2016; 18 Suppl 1:76-82. [PMID: 25662792 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy and germination characteristics may vary within species in response to several factors. Knowledge of such variation is crucial to understand plant evolution and adaptation to environmental changes. We examined the correlation of climate and population genetic differentiation (ISSR) with primary seed dormancy and germination behaviour in populations of the Atlantic-European soft-water pool specialist Hypericum elodes. Primary dormancy was measured by analysing seed germination response of fresh seeds and after various periods of cold stratification. Laboratory germination experiments revealed that the single most important factor for promoting germination was cold stratification prior to placing at the germination temperature. However, in agreement with their weaker primary dormancy, the seeds germinated well when fresh, and the benefit of cold stratification was more relaxed for the southern populations. Seeds of all populations demonstrated a near absolute requirement for a light and alternating temperature regime in order to germinate. The promoting effect of alternating temperatures was particularly effective at warm temperatures (mean 20 °C) but not at cool temperatures. Whilst seed germination requirements were similar among populations, the degree of primary dormancy varied considerably and was not associated with population genetic differentiation. Primary dormancy degree was instead associated with local climate: higher temperature in summer and rainfall in winter predicted weak and rapid loss of dormancy. These results suggest that seed maturation environment may play a substantial role in explaining the degree of dormancy in H. elodes, highlighting that physiological dormancy can be modulated by local climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carta
- Department of Biology, Unit of Botany, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Probert
- Seed Conservation Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, West Sussex, UK
| | - G Puglia
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Plant Biology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - L Peruzzi
- Department of Biology, Unit of Botany, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Bedini
- Department of Biology, Unit of Botany, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Colombino M, Paliogiannis P, Defraia E, Porcu G, Pazzola A, Cordero L, Palomba G, Sini M, Manca A, Carta A, Saba E, Scotto T, Sarobba M, Capelli F, Ortu S, Baldino G, Sedda T, Pirina P, Budroni M, Cossu A, Palmieri G. Mutations in main candidate genes (egfr, kras, braf) among patients with non-small-cell lung cancer from sardinia. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv343.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Briguglio I, Piras S, Corona P, Gavini E, Nieddu M, Boatto G, Carta A. Benzotriazole: An overview on its versatile biological behavior. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 97:612-48. [PMID: 25293580 PMCID: PMC7115563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Discovered in late 1960, azoles are heterocyclic compounds class which constitute the largest group of available antifungal drugs. Particularly, the imidazole ring is the chemical component that confers activity to azoles. Triazoles are obtained by a slight modification of this ring and similar or improved activities as well as less adverse effects are reported for triazole derivatives. Consequently, it is not surprising that benzimidazole/benzotriazole derivatives have been found to be biologically active. Since benzimidazole has been widely investigated, this review is focused on defining the place of benzotriazole derivatives in biomedical research, highlighting their versatile biological properties, the mode of action and Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) studies for a variety of antimicrobial, antiparasitic, and even antitumor, choleretic, cholesterol-lowering agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Briguglio
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - S Piras
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - P Corona
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - E Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - M Nieddu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - G Boatto
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - A Carta
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Carta A, Probert R, Moretti M, Peruzzi L, Bedini G. Seed dormancy and germination in three Crocus ser. Verni species (Iridaceae): implications for evolution of dormancy within the genus. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2014; 16:1065-1074. [PMID: 24533601 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to examine whether seed ecophysiological traits in three closely related Crocus species were associated with ecological niche differentiation and species divergence. Seeds of the temperate tetraploid cytotype of Crocus neapolitanus, the sub-Mediterranean C. etruscus and the Mediterranean C. ilvensis were placed either on agar in the laboratory under different periods of simulated seasonal conditions or in nylon mesh bags buried outdoors to examine embryo growth, radicle and shoot emergence. In agreement with the phenology observed outdoors, in the laboratory embryos required a cool temperature (ca. 10 °C) to grow to full size (embryo length:seed length, E:S ratio ca. 0.75) but only after seeds received a warm stratification; radicle emergence then followed immediately (November). Shoot emergence is a temporally separated phase (March) that was promoted by cold stratification in C. neapolitanus while in the other two species this time lag was attributed to a slow continuous developmental process. These species have similar embryo growth and radicle phenology but differ in their degree of epicotyl dormancy, which is related to the length of local winter. Conclusions from laboratory experiments that only consider root emergence could be misleading; evaluating the phenology of both root and shoot emergence should be considered in order to demonstrate ecologically meaningful differences in germination behaviour and to develop effective propagation protocols. Although these taxa resulted from recent speciation processes, the outcomes suggest an early onset of adaptation to local ecological factors and that phylogeny may represent a significant constraint in the evolution and expression of seed traits in Crocus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carta
- Department of Biology, Unit of Botany, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Scala A, Varcasia A, Dore F, Solinas C, Mula P, Carta A, Mura M, Pipia A, Sanna G. Evaluation of efficacy of toltrazuril and diclazuril in the control of subclinical eimeriosis in weaned lambs. Small Rumin Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Carta G, Accurti V, Di Nicola M, Crisman G, Sollima L, Carta A, Patacchiola F. Uterine endometrioid carcinoma with focal area of choriocarcinomatous differentiation: case report. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2014; 35:731-733. [PMID: 25556283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION An endometrioid carcinoma coexisting with choriocarcinomatous differentiation is an uncommon event with an aggressive clinical course and a poor prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors describe an endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium provided with a focus of choriocarcinoma-like cells in a 50-year-old menstruated woman with a history of abnormal uterine bleeding. A total bilateral hystero-annessectomy was performed. RESULTS Histopathologic study showed endometrioid adenocarcinoma limited to the endometrium with a single microinvasive (< one mm) choriocarcinomatous focus. Immunohistochemistry established intense reactivity of tumor cells for CK 7 and AE1/AE3, for beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), and for HER2 confirming the diagnosis. During the clinical course and follow-up, serum levels of beta-hCG were always negative. Up to date the patient is still alive with no evidence of disease. CONCLUSION Even if endometrioid carcinoma with choriocarcinomatous differentiation is considered highly malignant, occasionally it may have a good prognosis, especially when a non-invasive behaviour is detected together with negative serum beta-hCG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carta
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy.
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Carta G, D'Alfonso A, Di Nicola M, Di Nicola L, Mastrocola N, Carta A, Necozione S, Di Cesare E, Patacchiola F. Impact of surgery and radiotherapy in women with uterine malignancies. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2014; 35:662-665. [PMID: 25556271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
According to the National Health and Social Life Survey, sexual dysfunction affects about 43% of perimenopausal women. A diagnosis of cancer has a profound physical, emotional, and social impact, influencing the relationship with the body, the perception of illness and death, family, social and professional relationships, and the relationship with the partner and, consequently, sexuality. Loss of desire, dyspareunia, orgasmic disorder, difficulties in emotional and physical closeness to the partner, feelings of shame, and inadequacy commonly occur after treatment for uterine cancer; however, if these problems are associated with surgery or with radiotherapy, still remains unclear. According to this study, the authors may conclude that the experience of cancer could lead patients to a rediscovery of. their own sexuality and to an improvement in the relationship with their partner, showing that, sometimes, the relational and psychological factors assume greater importance than physical effects on sexuality, and they can somewhere compensate the morphofunctional failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carta
- Department of Life, Health & Environment Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy.
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Ciani E, Crepaldi P, Nicoloso L, Lasagna E, Sarti FM, Moioli B, Napolitano F, Carta A, Usai G, D'Andrea M, Marletta D, Ciampolini R, Riggio V, Occidente M, Matassino D, Kompan D, Modesto P, Macciotta N, Ajmone-Marsan P, Pilla F. Genome-wide analysis of Italian sheep diversity reveals a strong geographic pattern and cryptic relationships between breeds. Anim Genet 2013; 45:256-66. [PMID: 24303943 DOI: 10.1111/age.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Italy counts several sheep breeds, arisen over centuries as a consequence of ancient and recent genetic and demographic events. To finely reconstruct genetic structure and relationships between Italian sheep, 496 subjects from 19 breeds were typed at 50K single nucleotide polymorphism loci. A subset of foreign breeds from the Sheep HapMap dataset was also included in the analyses. Genetic distances (as visualized either in a network or in a multidimensional scaling analysis of identical by state distances) closely reflected geographic proximity between breeds, with a clear north-south gradient, likely because of high levels of past gene flow and admixture all along the peninsula. Sardinian breeds diverged more from other breeds, a probable consequence of the combined effect of ancient sporadic introgression of feral mouflon and long-lasting genetic isolation from continental sheep populations. The study allowed the detection of previously undocumented episodes of recent introgression (Delle Langhe into the endangered Altamurana breed) as well as signatures of known, or claimed, historical introgression (Merino into Sopravissana and Gentile di Puglia; Bergamasca into Fabrianese, Appenninica and, to a lesser extent, Leccese). Arguments that would question, from a genomic point of view, the current breed classification of Bergamasca and Biellese into two separate breeds are presented. Finally, a role for traditional transhumance practices in shaping the genetic makeup of Alpine sheep breeds is proposed. The study represents the first exhaustive analysis of Italian sheep diversity in an European context, and it bridges the gap in the previous HapMap panel between Western Mediterranean and Swiss breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ciani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, 70126, Italy
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Muscatello A, Accurti V, Conte V, Franchi V, Colagrande I, Carta A, Patacchiola F, Palermo P, Carta G. Comparison between two- and three-dimensional ultrasound in visualization of corpus callosum during second trimester routine scan: our experience. Fetal Diagn Ther 2013; 33:201-2. [PMID: 23428665 DOI: 10.1159/000346399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mara L, Casu S, Carta A, Dattena M. Cryobanking of farm animal gametes and embryos as a means of conserving livestock genetics. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 138:25-38. [PMID: 23477753 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, farm animal genetic diversity has rapidly declined, mainly due to changing market demands and intensification of agriculture. But, since the removal of single species can affect the functioning of global ecosystems, it is in the interest of international community to conserve the livestock genetics and to maintain biodiversity. Increasing awareness on the reduction of breed diversity has prompted global efforts for conservation of farm animal breeds. The goals of conservation are to keep genetic variation as gene combinations in a reversible form and to keep specific genes of interest. For this purpose two types of strategies are usually proposed: in situ and ex situ conservation. In situ conservation is the breed maintaining within the livestock production system, in its environment through the enhancement of its production characteristics. Ex situ in vivo conservation is the safeguard of live animals in zoos, wildlife parks, experimental farms or other specialized centres. Ex situ in vitro conservation is the preservation of genetic material in haploid form (semen and oocytes), diploid (embryos) or DNA sequences. In the last few years, ex situ in vitro conservation programs of livestock genetic resources have focused interest on cryopreservation of gametes, embryos and somatic cells as well as testis and ovarian tissues, effectively lengthening the genetic lifespan of individuals in a breeding program even after the death. However, although significant progress has been made in semen, oocytes and embryo cryopreservation of several domestic species, a standardized procedure has not been established yet. The aim of the present review is to describe the cryobanking purposes, the collection goals, the type of genetic material to store and the reproductive biotechnologies utilized for the cryopreservation of farm animal gametes and embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mara
- Agris-Sardegna, DIRPA, Reproduction Division, S.S. 291 Km 18.6, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Sara Casu
- Agris-Sardegna, DIRPA, Genetic and biotechnology division, S.S. 291 Km 18.6, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - A Carta
- Agris-Sardegna, DIRIP, Production and Technology Division, Italy
| | - M Dattena
- Agris-Sardegna, DIRPA, Reproduction Division, S.S. 291 Km 18.6, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Patacchiola F, Franchi V, Di Febbo G, Carta A, Carta G. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in pregnancy: a case report. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2013; 40:607-608. [PMID: 24597270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), is an acute, neurotoxic state. It is a very rare clinico-neuroradiological entity, and it is a complication of multiple clinical conditions. The association of PRES with toxemia in pregnancy is established. In this article, the authors discuss the case of a 22-year-old woman, gravida 1, 36-week pregnant, with extensive, bilateral white matter hypodensity, predominantly involving the parieto-occipital lobes region. These changes were highly suggestive of posterior reversible encephalopathy. This case report demonstrates that early treatment with control of blood pressure seizures can reverse this condition and also prevent progression to an irreversible damage, thus emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Patacchiola
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - V Franchi
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G Di Febbo
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A Carta
- University of Medicine "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - G Carta
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
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