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Hughes MM, Pas ET, Durkin MS, DaWalt LS, Bilder DA, Bakian AV, Amoakohene E, Shaw KA, Patrick ME, Salinas A, DiRienzo M, Lopez M, Williams S, McArthur D, Hudson A, Ladd-Acosta CM, Schwenk YD, Baroud TM, Williams AR, Washington A, Maenner MJ. Health Conditions, Education Services, and Transition Planning for Adolescents With Autism. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023063672. [PMID: 38501189 PMCID: PMC11098059 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-063672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objectives with this study were to describe the frequency of selected cooccurring health conditions and individualized education program (IEP) services and post-high school transition planning for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and identify disparities by sex, intellectual ability, race or ethnicity, and geographic area. METHODS The study sample included 1787 adolescents born in 2004 who were identified as having autism through a health and education record review through age 16 years in 2020. These adolescents were part of a longitudinal population-based surveillance birth cohort from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network from 2004 to 2020 in 5 US catchment areas. RESULTS Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (47%) and anxiety (39%) were the most common cooccurring health conditions. Anxiety was less commonly identified for those with intellectual disability than those without. It was also less commonly identified among Black adolescents compared with White or Hispanic adolescents. There was wide variation across Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network sites in the provision of school-based IEP services. Students with intellectual disability were less likely to receive school-based mental health services and more likely to have a goal for postsecondary independent living skills compared with those without intellectual disability. A total of 37% of students did not participate in standardized testing. CONCLUSIONS We identified disparities in the identification of cooccurring conditions and school-based IEP services, practices, and transition planning. Working with pediatric health and education providers, families, and adolescents with autism will be important to identify contributing factors and to focus efforts to reduce disparities in the supports and services adolescents with autism have access to and receive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M. Hughes
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elise T. Pas
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | - Esther Amoakohene
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kelly A. Shaw
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mary E. Patrick
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Monica DiRienzo
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Maya Lopez
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Susan Williams
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dedria McArthur
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Allison Hudson
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | | | | | - Thaer M. Baroud
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Ashley Robinson Williams
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anita Washington
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew J. Maenner
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:39-50. [PMID: 38061371 PMCID: PMC7615591 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce progression of chronic kidney disease and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients. However, their effects on kidney disease progression in some patients with chronic kidney disease are unclear because few clinical kidney outcomes occurred among such patients in the completed trials. In particular, some guidelines stratify their level of recommendation about who should be treated with SGLT2 inhibitors based on diabetes status and albuminuria. We aimed to assess the effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease both overall and among specific types of participants in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA), and included individuals aged 18 years or older with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or with an eGFR of 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher. We explored the effects of 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily versus placebo on the annualised rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR slope), a tertiary outcome. We studied the acute slope (from randomisation to 2 months) and chronic slope (from 2 months onwards) separately, using shared parameter models to estimate the latter. Analyses were done in all randomly assigned participants by intention to treat. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and then followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroups of eGFR included 2282 (34·5%) participants with an eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2, 2928 (44·3%) with an eGFR of 30 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, and 1399 (21·2%) with an eGFR 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or higher. Prespecified subgroups of uACR included 1328 (20·1%) with a uACR of less than 30 mg/g, 1864 (28·2%) with a uACR of 30 to 300 mg/g, and 3417 (51·7%) with a uACR of more than 300 mg/g. Overall, allocation to empagliflozin caused an acute 2·12 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (95% CI 1·83-2·41) reduction in eGFR, equivalent to a 6% (5-6) dip in the first 2 months. After this, it halved the chronic slope from -2·75 to -1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (relative difference 50%, 95% CI 42-58). The absolute and relative benefits of empagliflozin on the magnitude of the chronic slope varied significantly depending on diabetes status and baseline levels of eGFR and uACR. In particular, the absolute difference in chronic slopes was lower in patients with lower baseline uACR, but because this group progressed more slowly than those with higher uACR, this translated to a larger relative difference in chronic slopes in this group (86% [36-136] reduction in the chronic slope among those with baseline uACR <30 mg/g compared with a 29% [19-38] reduction for those with baseline uACR ≥2000 mg/g; ptrend<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Empagliflozin slowed the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease among all types of participant in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, including those with little albuminuria. Albuminuria alone should not be used to determine whether to treat with an SGLT2 inhibitor. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly.
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Ryder M, Sabarai A, Saccà C, Sachson R, Sadler E, Safiee NS, Sahani M, Saillant A, Saini J, Saito C, Saito S, Sakaguchi K, Sakai M, Salim H, Salviani C, Sammons E, Sampson A, Samson F, Sandercock P, Sanguila S, Santorelli G, Santoro D, Sarabu N, Saram T, Sardell R, Sasajima H, Sasaki T, Satko S, Sato A, Sato D, Sato H, Sato H, Sato J, Sato T, Sato Y, Satoh M, Sawada K, Schanz M, Scheidemantel F, Schemmelmann M, Schettler E, Schettler V, Schlieper GR, Schmidt C, Schmidt G, Schmidt U, Schmidt-Gurtler H, Schmude M, Schneider A, Schneider I, Schneider-Danwitz C, Schomig M, Schramm T, Schreiber A, Schricker S, Schroppel B, Schulte-Kemna L, Schulz E, Schumacher B, Schuster A, Schwab A, Scolari F, Scott A, Seeger W, Seeger W, Segal M, Seifert L, Seifert M, Sekiya M, Sellars R, Seman MR, Shah S, Shah S, Shainberg L, Shanmuganathan M, Shao F, Sharma K, Sharpe C, Sheikh-Ali M, Sheldon J, Shenton C, Shepherd A, Shepperd M, Sheridan R, Sheriff Z, Shibata Y, Shigehara T, Shikata K, Shimamura K, Shimano H, Shimizu Y, Shimoda H, Shin K, Shivashankar G, Shojima N, Silva R, Sim CSB, Simmons K, Sinha S, Sitter T, Sivanandam S, Skipper M, Sloan K, Sloan L, Smith R, Smyth J, Sobande T, Sobata M, Somalanka S, Song X, Sonntag F, Sood B, Sor SY, Soufer J, Sparks H, Spatoliatore G, Spinola T, Squyres S, Srivastava A, Stanfield J, Staplin N, Staylor K, Steele A, Steen O, Steffl D, Stegbauer J, Stellbrink C, Stellbrink E, Stevens W, Stevenson A, Stewart-Ray V, Stickley J, Stoffler D, Stratmann B, Streitenberger S, Strutz F, Stubbs J, Stumpf J, Suazo N, Suchinda P, Suckling R, Sudin A, Sugamori K, Sugawara H, Sugawara K, Sugimoto D, Sugiyama H, Sugiyama H, Sugiyama T, Sullivan M, Sumi M, Suresh N, Sutton D, Suzuki H, Suzuki R, Suzuki Y, Suzuki Y, Suzuki Y, Swanson E, Swift P, Syed S, Szerlip H, Taal M, Taddeo M, Tailor C, Tajima K, Takagi M, Takahashi K, Takahashi K, Takahashi M, Takahashi T, Takahira E, Takai T, Takaoka M, Takeoka J, Takesada A, Takezawa M, Talbot M, Taliercio J, Talsania T, Tamori Y, Tamura R, Tamura Y, Tan CHH, Tan EZZ, Tanabe A, Tanabe K, Tanaka A, Tanaka A, Tanaka N, Tang S, Tang Z, Tanigaki K, Tarlac M, Tatsuzawa A, Tay JF, Tay LL, Taylor J, Taylor K, Taylor K, Te A, Tenbusch L, Teng KS, Terakawa A, Terry J, Tham ZD, Tholl S, Thomas G, Thong KM, Tietjen D, Timadjer A, Tindall H, Tipper S, Tobin K, Toda N, Tokuyama A, Tolibas M, Tomita A, Tomita T, Tomlinson J, Tonks L, Topf J, Topping S, Torp A, Torres A, Totaro F, Toth P, Toyonaga Y, Tripodi F, Trivedi K, Tropman E, Tschope D, Tse J, Tsuji K, Tsunekawa S, Tsunoda R, Tucky B, Tufail S, Tuffaha A, Turan E, Turner H, Turner J, Turner M, Tuttle KR, Tye YL, Tyler A, Tyler J, Uchi H, Uchida H, Uchida T, Uchida T, Udagawa T, Ueda S, Ueda Y, Ueki K, Ugni S, Ugwu E, Umeno R, Unekawa C, Uozumi K, Urquia K, Valleteau A, Valletta C, van Erp R, Vanhoy C, Varad V, Varma R, Varughese A, Vasquez P, Vasseur A, Veelken R, Velagapudi C, Verdel K, Vettoretti S, Vezzoli G, Vielhauer V, Viera R, Vilar E, Villaruel S, Vinall L, Vinathan J, Visnjic M, Voigt E, von-Eynatten M, Vourvou M, Wada J, Wada J, Wada T, Wada Y, Wakayama K, Wakita Y, Wallendszus K, Walters T, Wan Mohamad WH, Wang L, Wang W, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Y, Wanner C, Wanninayake S, Watada H, Watanabe K, Watanabe K, Watanabe M, Waterfall H, Watkins D, Watson S, Weaving L, Weber B, Webley Y, Webster A, Webster M, Weetman M, Wei W, Weihprecht H, Weiland L, Weinmann-Menke J, Weinreich T, Wendt R, Weng Y, Whalen M, Whalley G, Wheatley R, Wheeler A, Wheeler J, Whelton P, White K, Whitmore B, Whittaker S, Wiebel J, Wiley J, Wilkinson L, Willett M, Williams A, Williams E, Williams K, Williams T, Wilson A, Wilson P, Wincott L, Wines E, Winkelmann B, Winkler M, Winter-Goodwin B, Witczak J, Wittes J, Wittmann M, Wolf G, Wolf L, Wolfling R, Wong C, Wong E, Wong HS, Wong LW, Wong YH, Wonnacott A, Wood A, Wood L, Woodhouse H, Wooding N, Woodman A, Wren K, Wu J, Wu P, Xia S, Xiao H, Xiao X, Xie Y, Xu C, Xu Y, Xue H, Yahaya H, Yalamanchili H, Yamada A, Yamada N, Yamagata K, Yamaguchi M, Yamaji Y, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto T, Yamanaka A, Yamano T, Yamanouchi Y, Yamasaki N, Yamasaki Y, Yamasaki Y, Yamashita C, Yamauchi T, Yan Q, Yanagisawa E, Yang F, Yang L, Yano S, Yao S, Yao Y, Yarlagadda S, Yasuda Y, Yiu V, Yokoyama T, Yoshida S, Yoshidome E, Yoshikawa H, Young A, Young T, Yousif V, Yu H, Yu Y, Yuasa K, Yusof N, Zalunardo N, Zander B, Zani R, Zappulo F, Zayed M, Zemann B, Zettergren P, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang N, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao S, Zhao Z, Zhong H, Zhou N, Zhou S, Zhu D, Zhu L, Zhu S, Zietz M, Zippo M, Zirino F, Zulkipli FH. Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:51-60. [PMID: 38061372 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EMPA-KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62-0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16-1·59), representing a 50% (42-58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). INTERPRETATION In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council.
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Maitre P, Haris M, Portner R, Hoskin P, Hudson A, Wylie J, Logue J, Conroy R, Tran A, Serra M, Croxford W, Song Y, Oates J, Ramani V, Clarke N, Choudhury A. Outcomes in Locally Advanced Non-Metastatic Prostate Cancer Presenting with Low PSA at Diagnosis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e413-e414. [PMID: 37785368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Men with low serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and high Gleason grade group (GGG) are thought to have poor outcomes compared to high PSA secretors. However, there is limited outcome data to support this. We report clinical outcomes from a single-institutional cohort of men presenting with locally advanced prostate cancer but low serum PSA. MATERIALS/METHODS Data from electronic database of a UK tertiary cancer center was acquired for men with histological diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma, GGG 4 or 5, stage ≥cT3a, and PSA <10ug/L at diagnosis. Men with metastatic disease, or prior androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were excluded. Biochemical progression was defined as per Phoenix criteria (PSA > nadir+2) for primary radiotherapy, or PSA >0.2 ug/L after primary prostatectomy (and post-operative radiotherapy, if received). Overall survival (OS, from date of diagnosis to death), metastasis-free survival (MFS, from diagnosis to first recorded metastasis or death), and biochemical progression free survival (bPFS, from diagnosis to biochemical progression or death) were estimated by Kaplan Meier method, and multivariable analysis performed using Cox proportional hazards method. RESULTS Medical records of 7,200 men presenting with non-metastatic prostate cancer from 2013 to 2021 were screened, of which 270 men satisfying the eligibility criteria were included for this study. Initial analysis of 123 men shows median PSA at presentation 7.1 ug/L (IQR 5.6-8.5), and median age 70 years (IQR 65-75). Histology was GGG 4 in 47.6% and 5 in 52.4%. Tumor stage was cT3a in 56.6%, cT3b in 36.9%, and T4 in 6.6%. Pelvic nodes were involved in 5% patients. Majority (83.7%) were treated with radical radiotherapy (external beam alone 64.2%, brachytherapy boost 19.5%), with 24 months ADT; 11.4% underwent radical prostatectomy, and 4.9% received ADT alone. Three men (2.4%) received docetaxel, and one received abiraterone. At a median follow up of 66 months (IQR 27-77), 36 (29.3%) patients had biochemical failure. Total 23 (18.6%) patients had metastases at recurrence, which were visceral in 4%, bone-only in 10%, and nodal-only in 4%. Total 38 (30.6%) patients had died, 23% with prostate cancer and 11% due to other causes. Five-year bPFS was 65.9%, MFS 69.0%, and OS was 77.4%. GGG 5 (versus 4) was associated with significantly worse 5-year bPFS (59.4% vs 73.9%, HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.2, p = 0.05) and MFS (59.2% vs 81.6%, HR 2.2, 1.2-4.2, p = 0.02). On multivariable analysis including age and PSA at diagnosis, only GGG 5 was associated with worse bPFS (HR 1.8, 1.0-3.3, p = 0.05) and MFS (HR 2.42, 1.25-4.67, p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Men with low secreting but high Gleason grade group prostate cancer are a relatively rare group with poor clinical outcomes despite being non-metastatic. Ongoing work (expected completion June 2023) will analyze remaining cases, and compare outcomes within an expanded multicentric cohort with matched controls having elevated PSA at presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Maitre
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Haris
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - R Portner
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - P Hoskin
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Hudson
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - J Wylie
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - J Logue
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - R Conroy
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Tran
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Serra
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - W Croxford
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Y Song
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - J Oates
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - V Ramani
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - N Clarke
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Choudhury
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Swinton M, Dubec M, McHugh D, Biglin E, Sanchez DF, Oliveira P, Price G, McWilliam A, van Herk M, Hoskin P, Buckley DL, Hudson A, Bristow RG, Choudhury A. Validation of Hypoxia Detection Sequences on the MR Linac. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e723-e724. [PMID: 37786109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Magnetic resonance linear accelerator (MRL) systems permit acquisition of novel imaging at the time of radiotherapy. A validated MR hypoxia imaging biomarker could select patients for adaptive radiotherapy with hypoxia modification or dose escalation. The aims of this study were (1) to develop a protocol for quantitative hypoxia sensitive MRI (2) to validate these in prostate cancer (PCa) against pimonidazole-stained prostatectomy sections. MATERIALS/METHODS Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD), intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), oxygen-enhanced (OE) and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI were used. Sequences were developed on a diagnostic 1.5 T MR (MRD) and MRL with healthy volunteers and PCa patients. The Hyprogen trial includes men with localized PCa scheduled for prostatectomy. Imaging is acquired twice prior to surgery and oral pimonidazole is taken 8-16 hours before surgery. Whole prostate (WP) and dominant prostatic lesion (DIL) were outlined on T2-weighted (T2W) images and a 'normal prostate' (NP) volume created by subtracting DIL from WP. Contours were applied to parametric maps from the quantitative MRI, with median and IQR extracted. Patient-specific 3D-printed prostate molds were created from WP volumes and used to guide prostate whole organ dissection. RESULTS Three of 20 patients recruited to date. MRI data were acquired successfully. A personalized prostate mold was produced for each patient and facilitated dissection of the prostatectomy specimen in a matching plane to MRI to validate hypoxia detection of the MR protocol. Correlation with pimonidazole staining is underway. Imaging parameter median values for NP and DIL acquired on MRD and MRL for the first patient are shown (Table 1). The expected differences between NP and DIL for T1 and D are seen and median values for T2* are consistent with reported values in the literature. CONCLUSION The MR hypoxia protocol can be acquired safely and is well-tolerated on the MRL. Once validated against pimonidazole staining adaptive radiotherapy protocols will be developed to use this information.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Swinton
- Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Dubec
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - D McHugh
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - E Biglin
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - D F Sanchez
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - P Oliveira
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - G Price
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A McWilliam
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M van Herk
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - P Hoskin
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - D L Buckley
- Biomedical Imaging, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - A Hudson
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - R G Bristow
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Choudhury
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Freir D, Kelly S, Hudson A, Richard G, Mullins G, Chalissery A, Lefter S. Acute and Chronic Demyelinating Polyneuropathy post AstraZeneca Covid-19 Vaccine. Ir Med J 2023; 116:842. [PMID: 37791845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
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Hughes MM, Shaw KA, Patrick ME, DiRienzo M, Bakian AV, Bilder DA, Durkin MS, Hudson A, Spivey MH, DaWalt LS, Salinas A, Schwenk YD, Lopez M, Baroud TM, Maenner MJ. Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Diagnostic Patterns, Co-occurring Conditions, and Transition Planning. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:271-278. [PMID: 36849336 PMCID: PMC10450089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objectives of this study were to describe child characteristics associated with later autism spectrum disorder (ASD) identification and the health status and educational transition plans of adolescents with ASD. METHODS Longitudinal population-based surveillance cohort from the Autism Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network during 2002-2018 in five catchment areas in the United States. Participants included 3,148 children born in 2002 whose records were first reviewed for ASD surveillance in 2010. RESULTS Of the 1,846 children identified in the community as an ASD case, 11.6% were first identified after age 8 years. Children who were more likely to have ASD identified at older ages were Hispanic; were born with low birth weight; were verbal; had high intelligence quotient or adaptive scores; or had certain co-occurring neuropsychological conditions by age 8 years. By age 16 years, neuropsychological conditions were common with more than half of the adolescents with ASD having a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or anxiety. Intellectual disability (ID) status was unchanged for the majority (>80%) of children from ages 8-16 years. A transition plan was completed for over 94% of adolescents, but disparities were observed in planning by ID status. DISCUSSION A high percentage of adolescents with ASD have co-occurring neuropsychological conditions, markedly higher than at age 8. While most adolescents had transition planning, this occurred less often for those with ID. Ensuring access to services for all people with ASD during adolescence and transition to adulthood may help to promote overall health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Hughes
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Kelly A Shaw
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mary E Patrick
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Monica DiRienzo
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Maureen S Durkin
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Allison Hudson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | | | - Leann S DaWalt
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Angelica Salinas
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Yvette D Schwenk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Maya Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Thaer M Baroud
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Matthew J Maenner
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Hughes MM, Kirby AV, Davis J, Bilder DA, Patrick M, Lopez M, DaWalt LS, Pas ET, Bakian AV, Shaw KA, DiRienzo M, Hudson A, Schwenk YD, Baroud TM, Washington A, Maenner MJ. Individualized Education Programs and Transition Planning for Adolescents With Autism. Pediatrics 2023; 152:e2022060199. [PMID: 37345494 PMCID: PMC10911052 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-060199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study objectives were to examine the contents of individualized education programs (IEPs) of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including postsecondary transition goals, services, and changes in special education classification over time. METHODS This study involved a longitudinal population-based surveillance cohort from the Autism Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network from 2002 to 2018 in 3 catchment areas in the United States. The sample included 322 adolescents who were born in 2002, identified with ASD, and had an IEP available for review at ages 15-16 years. RESULTS We found that 297 (92%) adolescents with ASD had an IEP including a transition plan. Those without intellectual disability (ID) were more likely to have postsecondary education and employment goals and have those goals be to pursue higher education or competitive employment compared with those with ID. Forty-one percent of adolescents with ASD had a postsecondary living arrangement goal. Although 28% of adolescents with ASD received school-based mental health services, none of these adolescents were Black; additionally, 15% of those with ID received mental health services compared with 34% without ID. The percentage of adolescents with ASD served under an autism classification increased from 44% at age 8 years to 62% by age 16. CONCLUSIONS We identified gaps and disparities in school-based postsecondary transition planning. Working with education partners, families, and adolescents will be important to identify what challenges contribute to these findings and what supports are needed to improve the equity and quality of the transition planning process for adolescents with ASD so they are prepared for adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M. Hughes
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - John Davis
- University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Mary Patrick
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Maya Lopez
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | | | - Elise T. Pas
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Kelly A. Shaw
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Monica DiRienzo
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Allison Hudson
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | | | - Thaer M. Baroud
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Anita Washington
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew J. Maenner
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Hudson A, Murnane JG, O'Dwyer T, Pawlett M, Courtney R. Influence of sediment quality and microbial community on the functioning capacity of a constructed wetland treating alkaline leachate after 5.5 years in operation. Sci Total Environ 2023; 867:161259. [PMID: 36638981 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been demonstrated as a cost-effective alternative to chemical treatment systems for mine waters, with the microbial communities attributed to promoting carbonation and aiding pH neutralization. However, few data are available for the long-term use of CWs treating alkaline leachates nor the activity of microbes within them. To investigate the feasibility of CW to buffer alkaline pH, a pilot-scale wetland was implemented in 2015 to treat alkaline bauxite residue leachate. After 5.5 years, samples of supernatant water and sediment were taken at 0.5 m increments along the 11 m long wetland. Waters were analysed for pH, EC and metal(loid) content, while sediment was subjected to physico-chemical assessment and element fractionation. Microbial biomass and community were assessed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) and functionality by the Rapid Automated Bacterial Impedance Technique (RABIT). Evidence presented demonstrates that the CW operating for 66 months effectively treats bauxite residue leachate, with reduced influent pH from 11.5 to 7.8. Trace element analysis revealed effective reduction in Al (94.9 %), As (86.7 %) and V (57.6 %) with substrate analysis revealing a frontloading of elevated pH and trace element content in the first 5 m of the wetland. Sediment Al, As and V were present mostly (>94 % of total) in recalcitrant forms. Sediment Na was mostly soluble (48-62 %), but soils were not sodic (ESP < 15 %). Investigations into the microbial community revealed greatest biomass was in the first 5 m of the wetland, where pH, EC and metal contents were greatest. Microbial respiration using endemic Phragmites australis as a substrate demonstrates an ability to cycle recalcitrant carbon sources within a CW system. These novel microbial findings highlight the need for further investigation into the microbial communities in alkaline CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hudson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - J G Murnane
- School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - T O'Dwyer
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - M Pawlett
- School of Water Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, United Kingdom
| | - R Courtney
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.
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Shaw KA, Bilder DA, McArthur D, Williams AR, Amoakohene E, Bakian AV, Durkin MS, Fitzgerald RT, Furnier SM, Hughes MM, Pas ET, Salinas A, Warren Z, Williams S, Esler A, Grzybowski A, Ladd-Acosta CM, Patrick M, Zahorodny W, Green KK, Hall-Lande J, Lopez M, Mancilla KC, Nguyen RH, Pierce K, Schwenk YD, Shenouda J, Sidwell K, Vehorn A, DiRienzo M, Gutierrez J, Hallas L, Hudson A, Spivey MH, Pettygrove S, Washington A, Maenner MJ. Early Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 4 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2020. MMWR Surveill Summ 2023; 72:1-15. [PMID: 36952289 PMCID: PMC10042615 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.ss7201a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Problem/Condition Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Period Covered 2020. Description of System The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network is an active surveillance program that estimates prevalence and characteristics of ASD and monitors timing of ASD identification among children aged 4 and 8 years. In 2020, a total of 11 sites (located in Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, Tennessee, Utah, and Wisconsin) conducted surveillance of ASD among children aged 4 and 8 years and suspected ASD among children aged 4 years. Surveillance included children who lived in the surveillance area at any time during 2020. Children were classified as having ASD if they ever received 1) an ASD diagnostic statement in an evaluation, 2) a special education classification of autism (eligibility), or 3) an ASD International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code (revisions 9 or 10). Children aged 4 years were classified as having suspected ASD if they did not meet the case definition for ASD but had a documented qualified professional's statement indicating a suspicion of ASD. This report focuses on children aged 4 years in 2020 compared with children aged 8 years in 2020. Results For 2020, ASD prevalence among children aged 4 years varied across sites, from 12.7 per 1,000 children in Utah to 46.4 in California. The overall prevalence was 21.5 and was higher among boys than girls at every site. Compared with non-Hispanic White children, ASD prevalence was 1.8 times as high among Hispanic, 1.6 times as high among non-Hispanic Black, 1.4 times as high among Asian or Pacific Islander, and 1.2 times as high among multiracial children. Among the 58.3% of children aged 4 years with ASD and information on intellectual ability, 48.5% had an IQ score of ≤70 on their most recent IQ test or an examiner's statement of intellectual disability. Among children with a documented developmental evaluation, 78.0% were evaluated by age 36 months. Children aged 4 years had a higher cumulative incidence of ASD diagnosis or eligibility by age 48 months compared with children aged 8 years at all sites; risk ratios ranged from 1.3 in New Jersey and Utah to 2.0 in Tennessee. In the 6 months before the March 2020 COVID-19 pandemic declaration by the World Health Organization, there were 1,593 more evaluations and 1.89 more ASD identifications per 1,000 children aged 4 years than children aged 8 years received 4 years earlier. After the COVID-19 pandemic declaration, this pattern reversed: in the 6 months after pandemic onset, there were 217 fewer evaluations and 0.26 fewer identifications per 1,000 children aged 4 years than children aged 8 years received 4 years earlier. Patterns of evaluation and identification varied among sites, but there was not recovery to pre-COVID-19 pandemic levels by the end of 2020 at most sites or overall. For 2020, prevalence of suspected ASD ranged from 0.5 (California) to 10.4 (Arkansas) per 1,000 children aged 4 years, with an increase from 2018 at five sites (Arizona, Arkansas, Maryland, New Jersey, and Utah). Demographic and cognitive characteristics of children aged 4 years with suspected ASD were similar to children aged 4 years with ASD. Interpretation A wide range of prevalence of ASD by age 4 years was observed, suggesting differences in early ASD identification practices among communities. At all sites, cumulative incidence of ASD by age 48 months among children aged 4 years was higher compared with children aged 8 years in 2020, indicating improvements in early identification of ASD. Higher numbers of evaluations and rates of identification were evident among children aged 4 years until the COVID-19 pandemic onset in 2020. Sustained lower levels of ASD evaluations and identification seen at a majority of sites after the pandemic onset could indicate disruptions in typical practices in evaluations and identification for health service providers and schools through the end of 2020. Sites with more recovery could indicate successful strategies to mitigate service interruption, such as pivoting to telehealth approaches for evaluation. Public Health Action From 2016 through February of 2020, ASD evaluation and identification among the cohort of children aged 4 years was outpacing ASD evaluation and identification 4 years earlier (from 2012 until March 2016) among the cohort of children aged 8 years in 2020 . From 2016 to March 2020, ASD evaluation and identification among the cohort of children aged 4 years was outpacing that among children aged 8 years in 2020 from 2012 until March 2016. The disruptions in evaluation that coincided with the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and the increase in prevalence of suspected ASD in 2020 could have led to delays in ASD identification and interventions. Communities could evaluate the impact of these disruptions as children in affected cohorts age and consider strategies to mitigate service disruptions caused by future public health emergencies.
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Maenner MJ, Warren Z, Williams AR, Amoakohene E, Bakian AV, Bilder DA, Durkin MS, Fitzgerald RT, Furnier SM, Hughes MM, Ladd-Acosta CM, McArthur D, Pas ET, Salinas A, Vehorn A, Williams S, Esler A, Grzybowski A, Hall-Lande J, Nguyen RH, Pierce K, Zahorodny W, Hudson A, Hallas L, Mancilla KC, Patrick M, Shenouda J, Sidwell K, DiRienzo M, Gutierrez J, Spivey MH, Lopez M, Pettygrove S, Schwenk YD, Washington A, Shaw KA. Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2020. MMWR Surveill Summ 2023; 72:1-14. [PMID: 36952288 PMCID: PMC10042614 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.ss7202a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 293.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Problem/Condition Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Period Covered 2020. Description of System The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network is an active surveillance program that provides estimates of the prevalence of ASD among children aged 8 years. In 2020, there were 11 ADDM Network sites across the United States (Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, Tennessee, Utah, and Wisconsin). To ascertain ASD among children aged 8 years, ADDM Network staff review and abstract developmental evaluations and records from community medical and educational service providers. A child met the case definition if their record documented 1) an ASD diagnostic statement in an evaluation, 2) a classification of ASD in special education, or 3) an ASD International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code. Results For 2020, across all 11 ADDM sites, ASD prevalence per 1,000 children aged 8 years ranged from 23.1 in Maryland to 44.9 in California. The overall ASD prevalence was 27.6 per 1,000 (one in 36) children aged 8 years and was 3.8 times as prevalent among boys as among girls (43.0 versus 11.4). Overall, ASD prevalence was lower among non-Hispanic White children (24.3) and children of two or more races (22.9) than among non-Hispanic Black or African American (Black), Hispanic, and non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander (A/PI) children (29.3, 31.6, and 33.4 respectively). ASD prevalence among non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) children (26.5) was similar to that of other racial and ethnic groups. ASD prevalence was associated with lower household income at three sites, with no association at the other sites.Across sites, the ASD prevalence per 1,000 children aged 8 years based exclusively on documented ASD diagnostic statements was 20.6 (range = 17.1 in Wisconsin to 35.4 in California). Of the 6,245 children who met the ASD case definition, 74.7% had a documented diagnostic statement of ASD, 65.2% had a documented ASD special education classification, 71.6% had a documented ASD ICD code, and 37.4% had all three types of ASD indicators. The median age of earliest known ASD diagnosis was 49 months and ranged from 36 months in California to 59 months in Minnesota.Among the 4,165 (66.7%) children with ASD with information on cognitive ability, 37.9% were classified as having an intellectual disability. Intellectual disability was present among 50.8% of Black, 41.5% of A/PI, 37.8% of two or more races, 34.9% of Hispanic, 34.8% of AI/AN, and 31.8% of White children with ASD. Overall, children with intellectual disability had earlier median ages of ASD diagnosis (43 months) than those without intellectual disability (53 months). Interpretation For 2020, one in 36 children aged 8 years (approximately 4% of boys and 1% of girls) was estimated to have ASD. These estimates are higher than previous ADDM Network estimates during 2000-2018. For the first time among children aged 8 years, the prevalence of ASD was lower among White children than among other racial and ethnic groups, reversing the direction of racial and ethnic differences in ASD prevalence observed in the past. Black children with ASD were still more likely than White children with ASD to have a co-occurring intellectual disability. Public Health Action The continued increase among children identified with ASD, particularly among non-White children and girls, highlights the need for enhanced infrastructure to provide equitable diagnostic, treatment, and support services for all children with ASD. Similar to previous reporting periods, findings varied considerably across network sites, indicating the need for additional research to understand the nature of such differences and potentially apply successful identification strategies across states.
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Hudson A, Isaac D, Novak K, Ma H, Kuc A, Carroll M, Wine E, Huynh H. A14 TRANSABDOMINAL BOWEL ULTRASOUND AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES OVER ONE YEAR IN CHILDREN WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED CROHN’S DISEASE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991303 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Transabdominal bowel ultrasound (TABUS) is an emerging non-invasive tool for monitoring inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Its use is particularly increasing in pediatric IBD, given the need for anesthesia during endoscopy. The assessment of TABUS in pediatric IBD has been limited to small numbers of patients with no long-term follow-up.
Purpose
To describe TABUS findings and its relationship with clinical, biochemical, and endoscopic assessments in pediatric patients with Crohn’s disease up to one year post-diagnosis.
Method
Patients (0-18 years) with suspected IBD were prospectively enrolled through the Edmonton Pediatric IBD Clinic. Those with Crohn’s disease were included. Patients underwent repeated TABUS, clinical assessments, blood work, fecal calprotectin (FCP) (baseline, 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-months), and endoscopy (baseline and 6-12 months). The weighted Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (wPCDAI), Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease (SES-CD; rectum excluded), and Simple Ultrasound Activity Score for Crohn’s Disease (SUS-CD; rectum excluded) were used. Remission was defined as FCP<250mg/kg, CRP<4mg/L, wPCDAI<12, no upcoming surgery, and SES-CD score ≤2 for any bowel segment.
Result(s)
Fifty-six patients (68% male), median age 12.5 years (range 6-17), were followed for 6 months. Forty (71%) were followed up to 12 months. Median TABUS bowel wall thickness (BWT) and SUS-CD total scores improved in all bowel segments over time. SUS-CD total scores significantly correlated with SES-CD (baseline, 6-, 12-months), wPCDAI (baseline, 1-, 6-, 12-months), CRP (baseline, 1-, 3-, 6-months), ESR (baseline, 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-months), and FCP (baseline, 1-, 6-, 12-months) (rho ranged 0.302-0.732, p<0.05). Patients in remission had sustained significantly thinner BWT of their most affected bowel segment (Figure 1) starting at 1-month (median 3.1mm (IQR 2.7-3.7) vs. 4.1mm (IQR 2.9-5.6; p<0.05), and sustained significantly lower SUS-CD total scores starting at 6 months (median 0 (IQR 0-1) vs. median 2 (IQR 1-3); p<0.05). Seven patients had surgery (n=7/7 ileocecal, n=2/7 jejunal resection). All 7 patients had complex TI disease (n=6 strictures, n=1 long-segment disease >25cm) and proximal small bowel disease (n=2/2) on TABUS. Those with baseline ultrasound findings of a stricture with upstream bowel dilatation (n=7/56) had increased odds (OR=288, p<0.01) and relative risk (RR=42, p<0.01) of needing surgery (n=6/7 with baseline obstructive findings, n=1/49 without) within the first year.
Image
Conclusion(s)
TABUS had significant correlations with clinical, biochemical, and endoscopic markers of Crohn’s disease activity in pediatric patients over one year. Bowel wall thickness of the most affected bowel segment is a helpful measurement, becoming significantly thinner as soon as 1-month post-diagnosis in those who obtain remission. Baseline findings of bowel narrowing and upstream dilation increase the odds and relative risk of needing surgery in the first year.
Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below
None
Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hudson
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Alberta , Edmonton
| | - D Isaac
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Alberta , Edmonton
| | - K Novak
- Gastroenterology, University of Calgary , Calgary , Canada
| | - H Ma
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Alberta , Edmonton
| | - A Kuc
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Alberta , Edmonton
| | - M Carroll
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Alberta , Edmonton
| | - E Wine
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Alberta , Edmonton
| | - H Huynh
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Alberta , Edmonton
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Shaw KA, Williams S, Hughes MM, Warren Z, Bakian AV, Durkin MS, Esler A, Hall-Lande J, Salinas A, Vehorn A, Andrews JG, Baroud T, Bilder DA, Dimian A, Galindo M, Hudson A, Hallas L, Lopez M, Pokoski O, Pettygrove S, Rossow K, Shenouda J, Schwenk YD, Zahorodny W, Washington A, Maenner MJ. Statewide county-level autism spectrum disorder prevalence estimates-seven U.S. states, 2018. Ann Epidemiol 2023; 79:39-43. [PMID: 36669598 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence information is necessary for identifying community needs such as addressing disparities in identification and services. METHODS Seven Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network sites participated in a pilot project to link statewide health and education data to generate statewide and county-level prevalence estimates for a broader age range for their states for the first time. RESULTS Statewide prevalence of ASD for ages 3-21 years in 2018 ranged from 1.5% in Tennessee and Wisconsin to 2.3% in Arizona. The median county-level prevalence of ASD was 1.4% of residents ages 3-21 years. More boys than girls had ASD at all sites, and prevalence was lower among non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native residents compared to non-Hispanic White residents at most sites. ASD prevalence estimates for children aged 8 years were similar to 2018 ADDM Network estimates that used record review to provide more in-depth information, but showed greater variation for children aged 4 years. CONCLUSIONS Linkage of statewide data sets provides less detailed but actionable local information when more resource-intensive methods are not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Shaw
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Susan Williams
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michelle M Hughes
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zachary Warren
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Amanda V Bakian
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Maureen S Durkin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Amy Esler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jennifer Hall-Lande
- Institute on Community Integration, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Alison Vehorn
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Thaer Baroud
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Deborah A Bilder
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Adele Dimian
- Institute on Community Integration, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Maureen Galindo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Allison Hudson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Libby Hallas
- Institute on Community Integration, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Maya Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Olivia Pokoski
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sydney Pettygrove
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Katelyn Rossow
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Josephine Shenouda
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Yvette D Schwenk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Walter Zahorodny
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Anita Washington
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew J Maenner
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
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Churchill J, Sachdeva A, Jones C, Issa A, Fankhauser C, Hudson A, Tran A, Oliveira P, Johnson H, Lau M, Parnham A, Sangar V. P16 status is an independent predictor of overall survival in metastatic penile cancer in a large contemporary cohort. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)00680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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15
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Portner R, Ticknell G, Song Y, Hudson A, Choudhury A. The Use of Frailty Scores to Predict Tolerance to Chemotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2022.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Elumalai T, Barker C, Elliott T, Malik J, Tran A, Hudson A, Song YP, Patel K, Lyons J, Hoskin P, Choudhury A, Mistry H. Translation of Prognostic and Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers from Trial to Non-trial Patients with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Treated with Docetaxel. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2022; 34:e291-e297. [PMID: 35314092 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2022.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We conducted a pooled analysis of four randomised controlled trials and a non-trial retrospective dataset to study the changes in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations during treatment and its impact on survival in men treated with docetaxel for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. We also compared the outcomes and pre-treatment prognostic factors between trial and non-trial patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were obtained from four randomised controlled trials and a non-trial cohort from a tertiary cancer centre. The PSA kinetics covariates chosen were absolute value (PSAT), best percentage change (BPCH) and tumour growth rate (K). The association between the covariates collected and overall survival was assessed within a Cox proportional hazards model. How well a covariate captured the difference between trial and non-trial patients was assessed by reporting on models with or without trial status as a covariate. RESULTS We reviewed individual datasets of 2282 patients. The median overall survival for trial patients was 20.4 (95% confidence interval 19.6-22.2) months and for the non-trial cohort was 12.4 (10.7-14.7) months (P < 0.001). Of the pre-treatment factors, we found that only lactate dehydrogenase fully captured the difference in prognosis between the trial and non-trial cohorts. All PSA kinetic metrics appeared to be prognostic in both the trial and non-trial patients. However, the effect size was reduced in non-trial versus trial patients (interaction P < 0.001). Of the time-dependent covariates, we found that BPCH best captured the difference between trial and non-trial patient prognosis. CONCLUSIONS The analysis presented here highlights how data from open-source trial databases can be combined with emerging clinical practice databases to assess differences between trial versus non-trial patients for particular treatments. These results highlight the importance of developing prognostic models using both pre-treatment and time-dependent biomarkers of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Elumalai
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - C Barker
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - T Elliott
- Western General Hospital, Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Malik
- Western General Hospital, Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Tran
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - A Hudson
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Y P Song
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - K Patel
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - J Lyons
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - P Hoskin
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK; Division of Pharmacy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A Choudhury
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Division of Pharmacy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - H Mistry
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Division of Pharmacy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Elumalai T, Portner R, Mariam N, Young T, Hughes S, Wickramasinghe K, Bhana R, Jayaprakash K, Sabar M, Hudson A, Hoskin P, Mistry H, Choudhury A. MO-0555 Radiotherapy for node-positive prostate cancer correlates with improved survival. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)02389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Background Since the availability of biologics and biosimilars, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapy has been a rapidly expanding field. Dual biologic therapy has become a new area of interest. This is important given that clinical remission rates from biologic monotherapy are only 40% at one year, and that in Canadian children with IBD, up to 33% will need surgery within ten years. It also holds potential in those who are not likely to respond as well to traditional therapy, such as patients with genetic disorders. Mono-/poly-genic IBD and the role of genetics in IBD is an evolving field. Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC), a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder, is one such genetic disorder, and its’ associated predisposition to IBD is thought to be related to impaired destruction of intracellular bacteria within macrophages (impaired autophagy). The persistence of bacteria in the gut wall leads to an increased cytokine response. Aims We present a case of a teenage patient with NPC and crohn colitis, who sustained clinical remission only after escalating to dual biologic therapy (anti-TNF (infliximab) and anti-IL12/IL23 (ustekinumab)). Methods A literature review of dual biologic therapy in Pediatric IBD (all types of patients included) was also completed. Results The patient presented with one month of abdominal pain, weight loss, and bloody diarrhea, 9 months after her diagnosis of NPC. Endoscopy revealed mild inflammation in the rectosigmoid junction and rectum, with pathology showing granulomatous pancolitis. Induction therapy was rectal 5-ASA. Subsequent flares resulted in the addition of azathioprine, and then infliximab. She was switched to ustekinumab after a flare 21 months later, which did not lead to adequate improvement, so infliximab was added back on as a dual biologic. With this combination therapy she maintained clinical, biochemical, and endoscopic remission, ongoing two years later. A literature review revealed eight studies (case series/reports only). One Pediatric patient case combined ustekinumab with infliximab, while the remaining combined vedolizumab (gut-specific anti- α 4β 7 integrin) with infliximab. Conclusions In Pediatric patients with genetic disorders and IBD who are not responding adequately to biologic therapy, adding a second biologic medication with a different mechanism of action may be efficacious. Targeting both TNFa (which induces pro-inflammatory cytokines, among many other roles), and the proinflammatory cytokines themselves (IL12/23), may be important in genetic disorders with impaired macrophage function and increased cytokine response. This is a potential option even several years into treatment. To date, only case studies are available, with the majority combining vedolizumab with infliximab. Our case adds to the sparse literature on the utility of combining ustekinumab and infliximab. Funding Agencies None
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hudson
- Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - P Almeida
- Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - H Q Huynh
- Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Garay B, Erlanson D, Binstadt BA, Correll CK, Fitzsimmons N, Hobday PM, Hudson A, Mahmud S, Riskalla MM, Kramer S, Xiong S, Vehe RK, Bullock DR. Using quality improvement methodology and tools to reduce patient wait time in a paediatric subspecialty rheumatology clinic. BMJ Open Qual 2021; 10:bmjoq-2021-001550. [PMID: 34949581 PMCID: PMC8705210 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2021-001550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Our paediatric rheumatology clinic has experienced inefficient patient flow. Our aim was to reduce mean wait time and minimise variation for patients. Baseline data showed that most waiting occurs after a patient has been roomed, while waiting for the physician. Wait time was not associated with a patient's age, time of day, day of the week or individual physician. We implemented a checkout sheet and staggered start times. After a series of plan-do-study-act cycles, we observed an initial 26% reduction in the variation of wait time and a final 17% reduction in the mean wait time. There was no impact on patient-physician contact time. Overall, we demonstrate how process improvement methodology and tools were used to reduce patient wait time in our clinic, adding to the body of literature on process improvement in an ambulatory setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayardo Garay
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota Medical School Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Denise Erlanson
- Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Physicians, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bryce A Binstadt
- Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, University of Minnesota Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Colleen K Correll
- Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, University of Minnesota Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nora Fitzsimmons
- Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Physicians, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Patricia M Hobday
- Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, University of Minnesota Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Allison Hudson
- Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Physicians, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shawn Mahmud
- Pediatric Rheumatology Fellowship Program & Pediatric Physician Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota Medical School Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mona M Riskalla
- Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, University of Minnesota Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sara Kramer
- Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, University of Minnesota Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sheng Xiong
- Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Physicians, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Richard K Vehe
- Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, University of Minnesota Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Danielle R Bullock
- Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, University of Minnesota Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Shaw KA, Maenner MJ, Bakian AV, Bilder DA, Durkin MS, Furnier SM, Hughes MM, Patrick M, Pierce K, Salinas A, Shenouda J, Vehorn A, Warren Z, Zahorodny W, Constantino JN, DiRienzo M, Esler A, Fitzgerald RT, Grzybowski A, Hudson A, Spivey MH, Ali A, Andrews JG, Baroud T, Gutierrez J, Hallas L, Hall-Lande J, Hewitt A, Lee LC, Lopez M, Mancilla KC, McArthur D, Pettygrove S, Poynter JN, Schwenk YD, Washington A, Williams S, Cogswell ME. Early Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 4 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2018. MMWR Surveill Summ 2021. [PMID: 34855727 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.ss7011a1.pmid:34855725;pmcid:pmc8639024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM/CONDITION Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). PERIOD COVERED 2018. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network is an active surveillance program that estimates ASD prevalence and monitors timing of ASD identification among children aged 4 and 8 years. This report focuses on children aged 4 years in 2018, who were born in 2014 and had a parent or guardian who lived in the surveillance area in one of 11 sites (Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, Tennessee, Utah, and Wisconsin) at any time during 2018. Children were classified as having ASD if they ever received 1) an ASD diagnostic statement (diagnosis) in an evaluation, 2) a special education classification of ASD (eligibility), or 3) an ASD International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code. Suspected ASD also was tracked among children aged 4 years. Children who did not meet the case definition for ASD were classified as having suspected ASD if their records contained a qualified professional's statement indicating a suspicion of ASD. RESULTS For 2018, the overall ASD prevalence was 17.0 per 1,000 (one in 59) children aged 4 years. Prevalence varied from 9.1 per 1,000 in Utah to 41.6 per 1,000 in California. At every site, prevalence was higher among boys than girls, with an overall male-to-female prevalence ratio of 3.4. Prevalence of ASD among children aged 4 years was lower among non-Hispanic White (White) children (12.9 per 1,000) than among non-Hispanic Black (Black) children (16.6 per 1,000), Hispanic children (21.1 per 1,000), and Asian/Pacific Islander (A/PI) children (22.7 per 1,000). Among children aged 4 years with ASD and information on intellectual ability, 52% met the surveillance case definition of co-occurring intellectual disability (intelligence quotient ≤70 or an examiner's statement of intellectual disability documented in an evaluation). Of children aged 4 years with ASD, 72% had a first evaluation at age ≤36 months. Stratified by census-tract-level median household income (MHI) tertile, a lower percentage of children with ASD and intellectual disability was evaluated by age 36 months in the low MHI tertile (72%) than in the high MHI tertile (84%). Cumulative incidence of ASD diagnosis or eligibility received by age 48 months was 1.5 times as high among children aged 4 years (13.6 per 1,000 children born in 2014) as among those aged 8 years (8.9 per 1,000 children born in 2010). Across MHI tertiles, higher cumulative incidence of ASD diagnosis or eligibility received by age 48 months was associated with lower MHI. Suspected ASD prevalence was 2.6 per 1,000 children aged 4 years, meaning for every six children with ASD, one child had suspected ASD. The combined prevalence of ASD and suspected ASD (19.7 per 1,000 children aged 4 years) was lower than ASD prevalence among children aged 8 years (23.0 per 1,000 children aged 8 years). INTERPRETATION Groups with historically lower prevalence of ASD (non-White and lower MHI) had higher prevalence and cumulative incidence of ASD among children aged 4 years in 2018, suggesting progress in identification among these groups. However, a lower percentage of children with ASD and intellectual disability in the low MHI tertile were evaluated by age 36 months than in the high MHI group, indicating disparity in timely evaluation. Children aged 4 years had a higher cumulative incidence of diagnosis or eligibility by age 48 months compared with children aged 8 years, indicating improvement in early identification of ASD. The overall prevalence for children aged 4 years was less than children aged 8 years, even when prevalence of children suspected of having ASD by age 4 years is included. This finding suggests that many children identified after age 4 years do not have suspected ASD documented by age 48 months. PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION Children born in 2014 were more likely to be identified with ASD by age 48 months than children born in 2010, indicating increased early identification. However, ASD identification among children aged 4 years varied by site, suggesting opportunities to examine developmental screening and diagnostic practices that promote earlier identification. Children aged 4 years also were more likely to have co-occurring intellectual disability than children aged 8 years, suggesting that improvement in the early identification and evaluation of developmental concerns outside of cognitive impairments is still needed. Improving early identification of ASD could lead to earlier receipt of evidence-based interventions and potentially improve developmental outcomes.
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Maenner MJ, Shaw KA, Bakian AV, Bilder DA, Durkin MS, Esler A, Furnier SM, Hallas L, Hall-Lande J, Hudson A, Hughes MM, Patrick M, Pierce K, Poynter JN, Salinas A, Shenouda J, Vehorn A, Warren Z, Constantino JN, DiRienzo M, Fitzgerald RT, Grzybowski A, Spivey MH, Pettygrove S, Zahorodny W, Ali A, Andrews JG, Baroud T, Gutierrez J, Hewitt A, Lee LC, Lopez M, Mancilla KC, McArthur D, Schwenk YD, Washington A, Williams S, Cogswell ME. Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2018. MMWR Surveill Summ 2021; 70:1-16. [PMID: 34855725 PMCID: PMC8639024 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.ss7011a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 637] [Impact Index Per Article: 212.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Problem/Condition Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Period Covered 2018. Description of System The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network conducts active surveillance of ASD. This report focuses on the prevalence and characteristics of ASD among children aged 8 years in 2018 whose parents or guardians lived in 11 ADDM Network sites in the United States (Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, Tennessee, Utah, and Wisconsin). To ascertain ASD among children aged 8 years, ADDM Network staff review and abstract developmental evaluations and records from community medical and educational service providers. In 2018, children met the case definition if their records documented 1) an ASD diagnostic statement in an evaluation (diagnosis), 2) a special education classification of ASD (eligibility), or 3) an ASD International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code. Results For 2018, across all 11 ADDM sites, ASD prevalence per 1,000 children aged 8 years ranged from 16.5 in Missouri to 38.9 in California. The overall ASD prevalence was 23.0 per 1,000 (one in 44) children aged 8 years, and ASD was 4.2 times as prevalent among boys as among girls. Overall ASD prevalence was similar across racial and ethnic groups, except American Indian/Alaska Native children had higher ASD prevalence than non-Hispanic White (White) children (29.0 versus 21.2 per 1,000 children aged 8 years). At multiple sites, Hispanic children had lower ASD prevalence than White children (Arizona, Arkansas, Georgia, and Utah), and non-Hispanic Black (Black) children (Georgia and Minnesota). The associations between ASD prevalence and neighborhood-level median household income varied by site. Among the 5,058 children who met the ASD case definition, 75.8% had a diagnostic statement of ASD in an evaluation, 18.8% had an ASD special education classification or eligibility and no ASD diagnostic statement, and 5.4% had an ASD ICD code only. ASD prevalence per 1,000 children aged 8 years that was based exclusively on documented ASD diagnostic statements was 17.4 overall (range: 11.2 in Maryland to 29.9 in California). The median age of earliest known ASD diagnosis ranged from 36 months in California to 63 months in Minnesota. Among the 3,007 children with ASD and data on cognitive ability, 35.2% were classified as having an intelligence quotient (IQ) score ≤70. The percentages of children with ASD with IQ scores ≤70 were 49.8%, 33.1%, and 29.7% among Black, Hispanic, and White children, respectively. Overall, children with ASD and IQ scores ≤70 had earlier median ages of ASD diagnosis than children with ASD and IQ scores >70 (44 versus 53 months). Interpretation In 2018, one in 44 children aged 8 years was estimated to have ASD, and prevalence and median age of identification varied widely across sites. Whereas overall ASD prevalence was similar by race and ethnicity, at certain sites Hispanic children were less likely to be identified as having ASD than White or Black children. The higher proportion of Black children compared with White and Hispanic children classified as having intellectual disability was consistent with previous findings. Public Health Action The variability in ASD prevalence and community ASD identification practices among children with different racial, ethnic, and geographical characteristics highlights the importance of research into the causes of that variability and strategies to provide equitable access to developmental evaluations and services. These findings also underscore the need for enhanced infrastructure for diagnostic, treatment, and support services to meet the needs of all children.
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Shaw KA, Maenner MJ, Bakian AV, Bilder DA, Durkin MS, Furnier SM, Hughes MM, Patrick M, Pierce K, Salinas A, Shenouda J, Vehorn A, Warren Z, Zahorodny W, Constantino JN, DiRienzo M, Esler A, Fitzgerald RT, Grzybowski A, Hudson A, Spivey MH, Ali A, Andrews JG, Baroud T, Gutierrez J, Hallas L, Hall-Lande J, Hewitt A, Lee LC, Lopez M, Mancilla KC, McArthur D, Pettygrove S, Poynter JN, Schwenk YD, Washington A, Williams S, Cogswell ME. Early Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 4 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2018. MMWR Surveill Summ 2021; 70:1-14. [PMID: 34855727 PMCID: PMC8639027 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.ss7010a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM/CONDITION Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). PERIOD COVERED 2018. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network is an active surveillance program that estimates ASD prevalence and monitors timing of ASD identification among children aged 4 and 8 years. This report focuses on children aged 4 years in 2018, who were born in 2014 and had a parent or guardian who lived in the surveillance area in one of 11 sites (Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, Tennessee, Utah, and Wisconsin) at any time during 2018. Children were classified as having ASD if they ever received 1) an ASD diagnostic statement (diagnosis) in an evaluation, 2) a special education classification of ASD (eligibility), or 3) an ASD International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code. Suspected ASD also was tracked among children aged 4 years. Children who did not meet the case definition for ASD were classified as having suspected ASD if their records contained a qualified professional's statement indicating a suspicion of ASD. RESULTS For 2018, the overall ASD prevalence was 17.0 per 1,000 (one in 59) children aged 4 years. Prevalence varied from 9.1 per 1,000 in Utah to 41.6 per 1,000 in California. At every site, prevalence was higher among boys than girls, with an overall male-to-female prevalence ratio of 3.4. Prevalence of ASD among children aged 4 years was lower among non-Hispanic White (White) children (12.9 per 1,000) than among non-Hispanic Black (Black) children (16.6 per 1,000), Hispanic children (21.1 per 1,000), and Asian/Pacific Islander (A/PI) children (22.7 per 1,000). Among children aged 4 years with ASD and information on intellectual ability, 52% met the surveillance case definition of co-occurring intellectual disability (intelligence quotient ≤70 or an examiner's statement of intellectual disability documented in an evaluation). Of children aged 4 years with ASD, 72% had a first evaluation at age ≤36 months. Stratified by census-tract-level median household income (MHI) tertile, a lower percentage of children with ASD and intellectual disability was evaluated by age 36 months in the low MHI tertile (72%) than in the high MHI tertile (84%). Cumulative incidence of ASD diagnosis or eligibility received by age 48 months was 1.5 times as high among children aged 4 years (13.6 per 1,000 children born in 2014) as among those aged 8 years (8.9 per 1,000 children born in 2010). Across MHI tertiles, higher cumulative incidence of ASD diagnosis or eligibility received by age 48 months was associated with lower MHI. Suspected ASD prevalence was 2.6 per 1,000 children aged 4 years, meaning for every six children with ASD, one child had suspected ASD. The combined prevalence of ASD and suspected ASD (19.7 per 1,000 children aged 4 years) was lower than ASD prevalence among children aged 8 years (23.0 per 1,000 children aged 8 years). INTERPRETATION Groups with historically lower prevalence of ASD (non-White and lower MHI) had higher prevalence and cumulative incidence of ASD among children aged 4 years in 2018, suggesting progress in identification among these groups. However, a lower percentage of children with ASD and intellectual disability in the low MHI tertile were evaluated by age 36 months than in the high MHI group, indicating disparity in timely evaluation. Children aged 4 years had a higher cumulative incidence of diagnosis or eligibility by age 48 months compared with children aged 8 years, indicating improvement in early identification of ASD. The overall prevalence for children aged 4 years was less than children aged 8 years, even when prevalence of children suspected of having ASD by age 4 years is included. This finding suggests that many children identified after age 4 years do not have suspected ASD documented by age 48 months. PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION Children born in 2014 were more likely to be identified with ASD by age 48 months than children born in 2010, indicating increased early identification. However, ASD identification among children aged 4 years varied by site, suggesting opportunities to examine developmental screening and diagnostic practices that promote earlier identification. Children aged 4 years also were more likely to have co-occurring intellectual disability than children aged 8 years, suggesting that improvement in the early identification and evaluation of developmental concerns outside of cognitive impairments is still needed. Improving early identification of ASD could lead to earlier receipt of evidence-based interventions and potentially improve developmental outcomes.
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Lunj S, Song Y, Hudson A, Patel K, Nightingale H, Smith T, Hoskin P, Bristow R, West C, Choudhury A. PO-1933 Can baseline or Ra-223-induced changes in the plasma predict progressive disease mCRPC patients? Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)08384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Connors K, Vickers A, Conroy R, Coyle C, Hudson A, Logue J, Serra M, Tran A, Mistry H, Wylie J, Choudhury A, Song Y. PO-1338 Does frailty influence treatment intent in men with non-metastatic prostate cancer? Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07789-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hung L, Hudson A, Gregorio M, Jackson L, Mann J, Horne N, Berndt A, Wallsworth C, Wong L, Phinney A. Creating Dementia-Friendly Communities for Social Inclusion: A Scoping Review. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2021; 7:23337214211013596. [PMID: 34036118 PMCID: PMC8127744 DOI: 10.1177/23337214211013596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: This scoping review explores key strategies of creating inclusive dementia-friendly communities that support people with dementia and their informal caregiver. Background: Social exclusion is commonly reported by people with dementia. Dementia-friendly community has emerged as an idea with potential to contribute to cultivating social inclusion. Methods: This scoping review follows the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology and took place between April and September 2020. The review included a three-step search strategy: (1) identifying keywords from CINAHL and AgeLine; (2) conducting a second search using all identified keywords and index terms across selected databases (CINAHL, AgeLine, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google); and (3) hand-searching the reference lists of all included articles and reports for additional studies. Results: Twenty-nine papers were included in the review. Content analysis identified strategies for creating dementia-friendly communities: (a) active involvement of people with dementia and caregivers (b) inclusive environmental design; (c) public education to reduce stigma and raise awareness; and (d) customized strategies informed by theory. Conclusion: This scoping review provides an overview of current evidence on strategies supporting dementia-friendly communities for social inclusion. Future efforts should apply implementation science theories to inform strategies for education, practice, policy and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Hung
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Allison Hudson
- Resident Physician with the University of British Columbia Psychiatry Program, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mario Gregorio
- Vancouver Coastal Health, Community Engagement Advisory Network, BC, Canada
| | - Lynn Jackson
- Vancouver Coastal Health, Community Engagement Advisory Network, BC, Canada
| | - Jim Mann
- Vancouver Coastal Health, Community Engagement Advisory Network, BC, Canada
| | - Neil Horne
- Vancouver Coastal Health, Community Engagement Advisory Network, BC, Canada
| | - Annette Berndt
- Vancouver Coastal Health, Community Engagement Advisory Network, BC, Canada
| | | | - Lily Wong
- Vancouver Coastal Health, Community Engagement Advisory Network, BC, Canada
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Haslett K, Koh P, Hudson A, Ryder W, Falk S, Mullan D, Taylor B, Califano R, Blackhall F, Faivre-Finn C. Phase I trial of the MEK inhibitor selumetinib in combination with thoracic radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2021; 28:24-31. [PMID: 33748440 PMCID: PMC7970011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signalling pathway has a pivotal role in cancer proliferation and modulating treatment response. Selumetinib inhibits MEK and enhances effects of radiotherapy in preclinical studies. Patients and methods Single-arm, single-centre, open-label phase I trial. Patients with stage III NSCLC unsuitable for concurrent chemo-radiotherapy, or stage IV with dominant thoracic symptoms, were recruited to a dose-finding stage (Fibonacci 3 + 3 design; maximum number = 18) then an expanded cohort (n = 15). Oral selumetinib was administered twice daily (starting dose 50 mg) commencing 7 days prior to thoracic radiotherapy, then with radiotherapy (6-6.5 weeks; 60-66 Gy/30-33 fractions). The primary objective was to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of selumetinib in combination with thoracic radiotherapy. Results 21 patients were enrolled (06/2010-02/2015). Median age: 62y (range 50-73). M:F ratio 12(57%):9(43%). ECOG PS 0:1, 7(33%):14(67%). Stage III 16(76%); IV 5(24%). Median GTV 64 cm3 (range 1-224 cm3). 15 patients comprised the expanded cohort at starting dose. All 21 patients completed thoracic radiotherapy as planned and received induction chemotherapy. 13 (62%) patients received the full dose of selumetinib.In the starting cohort no enhanced radiotherapy-related toxicity was seen. Two patients had dose-limiting toxicity (1x grade 3 diarrhoea/fatigue and 1x pulmonary embolism). Commonest grade 3-4 adverse events: lymphopaenia (19/21 patients) and hypertension (7/21 patients). One patient developed grade 3 oesophagitis. No patients developed grade ≥3 radiation pneumonitis. Two patients were alive at the time of analysis (24 and 26 months follow-up, respectively). Main cause of first disease progression: distant metastases ± locoregional progression (12/21 [57.1%] patients). Six patients had confirmed/suspected pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. Conclusion We report poor outcome and severe lymphopenia in most patients treated with thoracic radiotherapy and selumetinib at RP2D in combination, contributing to confirmed/clinically suspected pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. These results suggest that this combination should not be pursued in a phase II trial.ClinicalTrials.gov reference: NCT01146756.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Haslett
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - P. Koh
- University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- New Cross Hospital, United Kingdom
| | - A. Hudson
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - W.D. Ryder
- University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - S. Falk
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - D. Mullan
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - B. Taylor
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - R. Califano
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - F. Blackhall
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - C. Faivre-Finn
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author at: The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
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Sitati A, Joe E, Pentz B, Grayson C, Jaime C, Gilmore E, Galappaththi E, Hudson A, Alverio GN, Mach KJ, van Aalst M, Simpson N, Schwerdtle PN, Templeman S, Zommers Z, Ajibade I, Chalkasra LSS, Umunay P, Togola I, Khouzam A, Scarpa G, de Perez EC. Climate change adaptation in conflict-affected countries: A systematic assessment of evidence. Discov Sustain 2021; 2:42. [PMID: 35425913 PMCID: PMC8475313 DOI: 10.1007/s43621-021-00052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
People affected by conflict are particularly vulnerable to climate shocks and climate change, yet little is known about climate change adaptation in fragile contexts. While climate events are one of the many contributing drivers of conflict, feedback from conflict increases vulnerability, thereby creating conditions for a vicious cycle of conflict. In this study, we carry out a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature, taking from the Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative (GAMI) dataset to documenting climate change adaptation occurring in 15 conflict-affected countries and compare the findings with records of climate adaptation finance flows and climate-related disasters in each country. Academic literature is sparse for most conflict-affected countries, and available studies tend to have a narrow focus, particularly on agriculture-related adaptation in rural contexts and adaptation by low-income actors. In contrast, multilateral and bilateral funding for climate change adaptation addresses a greater diversity of adaptation needs, including water systems, humanitarian programming, and urban areas. Even among the conflict-affected countries selected, we find disparity, with several countries being the focus of substantial research and funding, and others seeing little to none. Results indicate that people in conflict-affected contexts are adapting to climate change, but there is a pressing need for diverse scholarship across various sectors that documents a broader range of adaptation types and their results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Sitati
- United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E. Joe
- World Resources Institute, Washington, USA
| | - B. Pentz
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, Canada
| | - C. Grayson
- International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Jaime
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - E. Gilmore
- Department of International Development, Community and Environment, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610 USA
| | | | - A. Hudson
- Yale Law School, Yale University, 127 Wall St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
- Oxford University Centre for the Environment, S Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3QY UK
| | - G. Nagle Alverio
- Nicholas School of the Environment at Duke University, Sanford School of Public Policy at Duke University, Duke University School of Law, 9 Circuit Dr, Durham, NC 27701 USA
| | - K. J. Mach
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
- Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL USA
| | - M. van Aalst
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, The Hague, The Netherlands
- International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - N. Simpson
- African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - P. Nayna Schwerdtle
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Monash Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences. Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | | | - Z. Zommers
- United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA), New York, USA
| | - I. Ajibade
- Department of Geography, Portland State University, 1721 SW Broadway, Portland, OR 97201 USA
| | - L. S. Safaee Chalkasra
- Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Ottawa, Simard Hall, Rm 047, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
- International Development Research Centre, 150 Kent St., Ottawa, ON K1P 0B2 Canada
| | - P. Umunay
- Nature for Climate Branch, Ecosystems Division, UNEP, Nairobi, Kenya
- Yale School of Environment, 360 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
| | | | - A. Khouzam
- International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - E. Coughlan de Perez
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Medford, USA
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Betlem K, Canfarotta F, Raumbault R, Banks CE, Eersels K, van Grinsven B, Cleij TJ, Crapnell R, Hudson A, Peeters M. Thermistors coated with molecularly imprinted nanoparticles for the electrical detection of peptides and proteins. Analyst 2020; 145:5419-5424. [PMID: 32589168 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01046d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) that are produced by solid-phase synthesis are functionalised onto thermistors via dip-coating. These thermistors are soldered onto a printed-circuit board to facilitate electrical detection. Subsequently, these are inserted into a home-made thermal device that can measure the selective binding of biomolecules to the nanoMIP layer via monitoring the thermal resistance (Rth) at the solid-liquid interface. This thermal analysis technique, referred to as the Heat-Transfer Method, has previously been used for detection of proteins with MIP-based binders. While offering the advantages of low-cost and label free analysis, this method is limited by the high noise on the feedback loop and not being commercially available. These disadvantages can be overcome by the use of thermistors, which offer superior temperature sensitivity compared to thermocouples, and its electrical read-out can be easily integrated into portable devices. To our knowledge, this is the first report where MIPs are directly integrated onto thermistors for detection purposes. Measurements were conducted with an epitope of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and trypsin, where the electrical resistance was correlated to the biomolecule concentration. For both EGFR and trypsin, an enhanced signal to noise ratio for the electrical measurements was observed compared to previous analysis that was based on thermal resistance. The sensitivity of the sensors in buffered solution was in the nanomolar range, which is compatible with physiologically relevant concentrations. Upon exposure of the nanoMIP for EGFR towards pepsin no significant change in the resistance was yielded, establishing the selectivity of the developed sensor platform. Besides the enhanced sensitivity, the use of thermistors will enable miniaturisation of the device and has potential for in vivo measurements since specified electrochemical measurements are compatible with human use. To highlight the versatility of the nanoMIPs, this work should be extended to a set of biomolecules with various structures, with the possibility of extending this to an array format.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Betlem
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics group, Physics division, Campus de Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Maenner MJ, Shaw KA, Baio J, Washington A, Patrick M, DiRienzo M, Christensen DL, Wiggins LD, Pettygrove S, Andrews JG, Lopez M, Hudson A, Baroud T, Schwenk Y, White T, Rosenberg CR, Lee LC, Harrington RA, Huston M, Hewitt A, Esler A, Hall-Lande J, Poynter JN, Hallas-Muchow L, Constantino JN, Fitzgerald RT, Zahorodny W, Shenouda J, Daniels JL, Warren Z, Vehorn A, Salinas A, Durkin MS, Dietz PM. Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2016. MMWR Surveill Summ 2020. [PMID: 32214087 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.ss6904a1externalicon] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM/CONDITION Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). PERIOD COVERED 2016. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network is an active surveillance program that provides estimates of the prevalence of ASD among children aged 8 years whose parents or guardians live in 11 ADDM Network sites in the United States (Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Wisconsin). Surveillance is conducted in two phases. The first phase involves review and abstraction of comprehensive evaluations that were completed by medical and educational service providers in the community. In the second phase, experienced clinicians who systematically review all abstracted information determine ASD case status. The case definition is based on ASD criteria described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. RESULTS For 2016, across all 11 sites, ASD prevalence was 18.5 per 1,000 (one in 54) children aged 8 years, and ASD was 4.3 times as prevalent among boys as among girls. ASD prevalence varied by site, ranging from 13.1 (Colorado) to 31.4 (New Jersey). Prevalence estimates were approximately identical for non-Hispanic white (white), non-Hispanic black (black), and Asian/Pacific Islander children (18.5, 18.3, and 17.9, respectively) but lower for Hispanic children (15.4). Among children with ASD for whom data on intellectual or cognitive functioning were available, 33% were classified as having intellectual disability (intelligence quotient [IQ] ≤70); this percentage was higher among girls than boys (39% versus 32%) and among black and Hispanic than white children (47%, 36%, and 27%, respectively) [corrected]. Black children with ASD were less likely to have a first evaluation by age 36 months than were white children with ASD (40% versus 45%). The overall median age at earliest known ASD diagnosis (51 months) was similar by sex and racial and ethnic groups; however, black children with IQ ≤70 had a later median age at ASD diagnosis than white children with IQ ≤70 (48 months versus 42 months). INTERPRETATION The prevalence of ASD varied considerably across sites and was higher than previous estimates since 2014. Although no overall difference in ASD prevalence between black and white children aged 8 years was observed, the disparities for black children persisted in early evaluation and diagnosis of ASD. Hispanic children also continue to be identified as having ASD less frequently than white or black children. PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION These findings highlight the variability in the evaluation and detection of ASD across communities and between sociodemographic groups. Continued efforts are needed for early and equitable identification of ASD and timely enrollment in services.
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Maenner MJ, Shaw KA, Baio J, Washington A, Patrick M, DiRienzo M, Christensen DL, Wiggins LD, Pettygrove S, Andrews JG, Lopez M, Hudson A, Baroud T, Schwenk Y, White T, Rosenberg CR, Lee LC, Harrington RA, Huston M, Hewitt A, Esler A, Hall-Lande J, Poynter JN, Hallas-Muchow L, Constantino JN, Fitzgerald RT, Zahorodny W, Shenouda J, Daniels JL, Warren Z, Vehorn A, Salinas A, Durkin MS, Dietz PM. Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2016. MMWR Surveill Summ 2020; 69:1-12. [PMID: 32214087 PMCID: PMC7119644 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.ss6904a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1426] [Impact Index Per Article: 356.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM/CONDITION Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). PERIOD COVERED 2016. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network is an active surveillance program that provides estimates of the prevalence of ASD among children aged 8 years whose parents or guardians live in 11 ADDM Network sites in the United States (Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Wisconsin). Surveillance is conducted in two phases. The first phase involves review and abstraction of comprehensive evaluations that were completed by medical and educational service providers in the community. In the second phase, experienced clinicians who systematically review all abstracted information determine ASD case status. The case definition is based on ASD criteria described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. RESULTS For 2016, across all 11 sites, ASD prevalence was 18.5 per 1,000 (one in 54) children aged 8 years, and ASD was 4.3 times as prevalent among boys as among girls. ASD prevalence varied by site, ranging from 13.1 (Colorado) to 31.4 (New Jersey). Prevalence estimates were approximately identical for non-Hispanic white (white), non-Hispanic black (black), and Asian/Pacific Islander children (18.5, 18.3, and 17.9, respectively) but lower for Hispanic children (15.4). Among children with ASD for whom data on intellectual or cognitive functioning were available, 33% were classified as having intellectual disability (intelligence quotient [IQ] ≤70); this percentage was higher among girls than boys (39% versus 32%) and among black and Hispanic than white children (47%, 36%, and 27%, respectively) [corrected]. Black children with ASD were less likely to have a first evaluation by age 36 months than were white children with ASD (40% versus 45%). The overall median age at earliest known ASD diagnosis (51 months) was similar by sex and racial and ethnic groups; however, black children with IQ ≤70 had a later median age at ASD diagnosis than white children with IQ ≤70 (48 months versus 42 months). INTERPRETATION The prevalence of ASD varied considerably across sites and was higher than previous estimates since 2014. Although no overall difference in ASD prevalence between black and white children aged 8 years was observed, the disparities for black children persisted in early evaluation and diagnosis of ASD. Hispanic children also continue to be identified as having ASD less frequently than white or black children. PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION These findings highlight the variability in the evaluation and detection of ASD across communities and between sociodemographic groups. Continued efforts are needed for early and equitable identification of ASD and timely enrollment in services.
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Tyminski N, Hudson A, Turner J, Silverman J. A134 RATES OF PARENTERAL NUTRITION-ASSOCIATED CHOLESTASIS/LIVER DISEASE AND GROWTH PRE- AND POST-SMOFLIPID INTRODUCTION IN NEONATES AND INFANTS WITH INTESTINAL FAILURE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz047.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is essential for survival in infants with intestinal failure (IF). PN-associated cholestasis (PNAC) and liver disease (PNALD) are life-threatening complications of long-term PN use. SMOFlipid (soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil) has recently been approved as an off-label alternative to the conventional soy-based lipid emulsion (Intralipid). It is thought to have anti-cholestatic properties due to its more diverse lipid composition. Due to its’ recent approval in Canada (2013) and the USA (2016), data remains sparse.
Aims
We aim to determine if infants with IF receiving SMOFlipid had significantly lower rates of PNAC and improved growth compared to those receiving Intralipid.
Methods
All patients (≤1 year old at start of PN therapy) who received PN of any duration at two tertiary pediatric hospitals in Edmonton (2010–2018) were identified from the shared pharmacy database. Those with IF who received one type of PN continuously for ≥6 weeks total were included. Individuals with an initial serum conjugated bilirubin >50 µmol/L and/or who had PN interruptions >5 days were excluded. Data on liver parameters, growth, and complications were collected. Non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and χ2 test for categorical variables) were used to compare PNAC/PNALD (serum conjugated bilirubin >34umol/L during PN) and growth (weight/length/head circumference z-scores) between SMOFlipid and Intralipid.
Results
1777 patients were reviewed; 40 infants (55% male), median age 4 weeks (range 0–48 weeks) at the time of PN initiation, met the inclusion criteria. Reasons for exclusion (n=1737) were receiving PN <6 weeks total (n=1485), duplicate patients (n=154), receiving multiple types of PN with each less than 6 weeks total (n=62), an initial serum conjugated bilirubin >50umol/L (n=21), more than 5 consecutive days off of PN (n=12), and older than 1 year old at time of PN initiation (n=3). Twenty-one patients (53%) received SMOFlipid, 15 (38%) Intralipid, and 4 (10%) Omegaven for ≥6 weeks. The majority (92%) were in an intensive care unit (neonatal or pediatric). No patients were septic when starting PN. Individuals received PN over a median of 7.9 weeks (range 6–27 weeks).
Conclusions
As expected, neonatal onset intestinal failure is rare in Edmonton. In our tertiary pediatric institutions, 2010–2018, SMOFLipid was the predominant lipid choice for infants with intestinal failure, followed by Intralipid. Omegaven was used rarely. This dataset will now allow us to compare the rates of PNAC at six weeks post-PN initiation and differences in growth between infants with IF receiving SMOFlipid versus the traditional Intralipid in our Canadian setting. Analysis is currently underway.
Funding Agencies
Women and Children’s Health Research Institute (WCHRI) at the University of Alberta
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tyminski
- Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A Hudson
- Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J Turner
- Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Coote J, Tang C, Salem A, Bayman N, Chan C, Cobben D, Faivre-Finn C, Harris M, Hudson A, Pemberton L, Sheikh H, Woolf D. Outcomes of curative-intent radiotherapy in patients with severe COPD or lung fibrosis. Lung Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(20)30103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Itchins M, Hayes S, Hudson A, Howell V, Tan S, Clarke S, Solomon B, Pavlakis N. P2.01-11 ALKternate: A Proof of Concept Study in ALK-Rearranged NSCLC Alternating Lorlatinib with Crizotinib After Disease Progression. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Itchins M, Hudson A, Hayes S, Harvie R, Wei G, Buckland M, Clarke S, Howell V, Pavlakis N. P1.01-129 Preclinical Genetic Evaluation of Alternating ALK TKI Therapy Versus Continuous Dosing in ALK NSCLC to Inform the ALKternate Clinical Trial. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hudson A, Brown S, Chalmers A, Dive C, Franks K, Hanna G, Hannaway N, Harrow S, Haswell T, Hiley C, Hinsley S, Krebs M, Murden G, Reed S, Ryan A, Sebag-Montefiore D, Shaw P, Smith A, Walls G, Young R, Faivre-Finn C, Greystoke A. P2.01-08 Clinical Trial in Progress: CONCORDE - A Phase 1B Study of Novel Agents in Combination with Conventional Radiotherapy in NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Itchins M, Hudson A, Harvie R, Zaw T, Mckay M, Clarke S, Howell V, Pavlakis N, Hayes S. P1.01-24 Preclinical Proteomic Evaluation of Alternating ALK TKI Therapy Versus Continuous Dosing in ALK NSCLC to Inform the ALKternate Clinical Trial. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Behrouzi R, Bayman N, Harris M, Salem A, Hudson A, Chan C, Faivre-Finn C, Cobben D, Sheikh H, Coote J, Pemberton L, Woolf D. P2.17-02 Survival in Performance Status 3 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Radical Radiotherapy. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Okala S, Doughty J, Watt RG, Santella AJ, Conway DI, Crenna-Jennings W, Mbewe R, Morton J, Lut I, Thorley L, Benton L, Hibbert M, Jefferies JMC, Kunda C, Morris S, Osborne K, Patterson H, Sharp L, Valiotis G, Hudson A, Delpech V. The People Living with HIV STIGMASurvey UK 2015: Stigmatising experiences and dental care. Br Dent J 2019; 225:143-150. [PMID: 30050184 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Okala
- Family Planning Association, London, UK.,Public Health England, London, UK
| | - J Doughty
- Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London
| | - R G Watt
- Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London
| | | | - D I Conway
- School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Glasgow
| | | | - R Mbewe
- The People Living with HIV Stigma Index UK 2015 Advisory Group, London, UK
| | - J Morton
- The People Living with HIV Stigma Index UK 2015 Advisory Group, London, UK.,European AIDS Treatment Group (EATG)
| | - I Lut
- Family Planning Association, London, UK
| | - L Thorley
- Family Planning Association, London, UK.,The People Living with HIV Stigma Index UK 2015 Advisory Group, London, UK
| | - L Benton
- Family Planning Association, London, UK
| | | | | | - C Kunda
- The People Living with HIV Stigma Index UK 2015 Advisory Group, London, UK
| | - S Morris
- European AIDS Treatment Group (EATG)
| | - K Osborne
- The People Living with HIV Stigma Index UK 2015 Advisory Group, London, UK.,The International AIDS Society (IAS)
| | - H Patterson
- School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Glasgow
| | - L Sharp
- Family Planning Association, London, UK.,School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Glasgow
| | | | - A Hudson
- Family Planning Association, London, UK.,The People Living with HIV Stigma Index UK 2015 Advisory Group, London, UK
| | - V Delpech
- Public Health England, London, UK.,The People Living with HIV Stigma Index UK 2015 Advisory Group, London, UK
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Hudson A, Boudreau AD, Graham J. North End Community Health Centre in Halifax, NS: Relationship-based care goes beyond collaborative care to address patient needs. Can Fam Physician 2019; 65:e344-e355. [PMID: 31413040 PMCID: PMC6693621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify and describe features of relationship-based care that contribute to a successful collaborative model of primary care delivery. DESIGN Focused institutional ethnography using a critical medical anthropology approach. SETTING The North End Community Health Centre (NECHC) in downtown Halifax, NS. PARTICIPANTS Twenty health care providers employed or previously employed at the NECHC. METHODS Qualitative data collection included participant observation, recorded and transcribed semistructured interviews, informal discussions, and policy document analysis. Data collection continued until saturation was reached, between December 2014 and October 2016. Data were member checked, coded, and triangulated with evidence from policy documents and informal conversations to establish credibility. MAIN FINDINGS The NECHC offers high-quality care to the community, welcoming marginalized, vulnerable populations. The NECHC's recognized success is grounded in unique relationships among providers, patients, and the community. Four key themes contributing to relationship-based care in the clinic's operation emerged: an activist provider identity, cultural safety, provider-patient relationships, and provider-provider relationships. Inadequate provincial funding mechanisms limit the work and development of the clinic. CONCLUSION Collaborative care is advanced by health authorities to improve quality of care and reduce health care costs. This model is still poorly understood in Nova Scotia. The findings, which draw on focused ethnographic fieldwork and analysis of the NECHC, suggest that the NECHC is a pragmatic real-world model of collaborative health care. The success of its approach relies on a deliberative democratic realization of reflexive practice through relationship-based care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Hudson
- Psychiatry resident at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver.
| | - Andre Daniel Boudreau
- Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine and Co-Faculty Lead for the Service Learning Program of the Global Health Office at Dalhousie University
| | - Janice Graham
- Medical anthropologist, Professor of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), and Director of the Technoscience and Regulation Research Unit at Dalhousie University in Halifax, NS
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Ogunsanya M, Cho S, Hudson A, Chong B. CLEQoL 的验证和可靠性. Br J Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ogunsanya M, Cho S, Hudson A, Chong B. Validation and reliability of CLEQoL. Br J Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ogunsanya ME, Cho SK, Hudson A, Chong BF. Validation and reliability of a disease-specific quality-of-life measure in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 2019; 180:1430-1437. [PMID: 30637718 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a potentially disfiguring, chronic autoimmune disease with variable skin manifestations, negatively affecting patients' quality of life (QoL). Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures assessing QoL in patients with CLE have been generic or developed without input from patients. OBJECTIVES To demonstrate the reliability and validity of a disease-specific QoL measure for CLE - the cutaneous lupus erythematosus quality of life (CLEQoL). METHODS One hundred and one patients with CLE were recruited, and each patient was asked to complete the CLEQoL. Internal consistency was used as a measure of reliability. Validity was measured in two ways - structural validity via exploratory factor analysis and convergent validity via Spearman correlations between CLEQoL and the Short Form 36 (SF-36), visual analogue scales and clinical variables. Patient demographic and disease characteristics were collected. RESULTS The mean ± SD age of patients with CLE was 48 ± 13 years, with discoid lupus (n = 72; 71.3%) being the most predominant CLE subtype. Patients were mostly female (n = 88; 87·1%) and African American/Black (n = 59; 58·4%). Internal consistency ranged from 0·67 to 0·97. Five domains (functioning, emotions, symptoms, body image/cosmetic effects and photosensitivity) were extracted with a total explained variance of 71·1%. CLEQoL-related domains correlated with SF-36 domains (r range -0·39 to -0·65). CONCLUSIONS The CLEQoL was found to be a valid and reliable PRO measure for assessing QoL in patients with CLE. Demonstrating that the CLEQoL has strong psychometric properties is an important step towards the development of a disease-specific PRO measure that future clinical trials can use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Ogunsanya
- College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, U.S.A
| | - S K Cho
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, U.S.A
| | - A Hudson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, U.S.A
| | - B F Chong
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, U.S.A
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Gadallah B, Hudson A, Egan J, Nolke L, Redmond K. Sequential Single Lung Transplant (SLT) with or without Ex-Vivo Lung Perfusion Maximizes on Donor to Transplant Conversion Rates. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Lewis T, Kennedy J, Price G, Mee T, Kirkby K, Kirkby N, Woolf D, Bayman N, Chan C, Coote J, Faivre-Finn C, Harris M, Hudson A, Pemberton L, Salem A, Sheikh H, Mistry H, Cobben D. PO-0775 Palliative lung radiotherapy: audit of prescribing practice and survival analysis. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)31195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lewis T, Kennedy J, Price G, Mee T, Woolf D, Bayman N, Chan C, Coote J, Faivre-Finn C, Harris M, Hudson A, Pemberton L, Salem A, Sheikh H, Mistry H, Cobben D. Palliative lung radiotherapy at the Christie: audit of prescribing practice and survival analysis. Lung Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(19)30240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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McKelvey K, Hudson A, Wheeler H, Diakos C, Howell V. P04.18 Unravelling the tumour microenvironment of glioma. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy139.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K McKelvey
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Laboratory, The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine; Northern Sydney Local Heath District Research (Kolling Institute); Sydney Vital Translational Research Centre, St Leonards, Australia
- Mark Hughes Foundation, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - A Hudson
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Laboratory, The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine; Northern Sydney Local Heath District Research (Kolling Institute); Sydney Vital Translational Research Centre, St Leonards, Australia
- The Brain Cancer Group, North Shore Private Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
| | - H Wheeler
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Laboratory, The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine; Northern Sydney Local Heath District Research (Kolling Institute); Sydney Vital Translational Research Centre, St Leonards, Australia
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
| | - C Diakos
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Laboratory, The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine; Northern Sydney Local Heath District Research (Kolling Institute); Sydney Vital Translational Research Centre, St Leonards, Australia
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
| | - V Howell
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Laboratory, The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine; Northern Sydney Local Heath District Research (Kolling Institute); Sydney Vital Translational Research Centre, St Leonards, Australia
- The Brain Cancer Group, North Shore Private Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
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Hibbert M, Crenna-Jennings W, Kirwan P, Benton L, Lut I, Okala S, Asboe D, Jeffries J, Kunda C, Mbewe R, Morris S, Morton J, Nelson M, Thorley L, Paterson H, Ross M, Reeves I, Sharp L, Sseruma W, Valiotis G, Wolton A, Jamal Z, Hudson A, Delpech V. The people living with HIV stigma survey UK 2015: HIV-related sexual rejection and other experiences of stigma and discrimination among gay and heterosexual men. AIDS Care 2018; 30:1189-1196. [PMID: 29806466 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2018.1479027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
We aim to understand the difference in stigma and discrimination, in particular sexual rejection, experienced between gay and heterosexual men living with HIV in the UK. The People Living with HIV StigmaSurvey UK 2015 recruited a convenience sample of persons with HIV through over 120 cross sector community organisations and 46 HIV clinics to complete an online survey. 1162 men completed the survey, 969 (83%) gay men and 193 (17%) heterosexual men, 92% were on antiretroviral therapy. Compared to heterosexual men, gay men were significantly more likely to report worrying about workplace treatment in relation to their HIV (21% vs. 11%), worrying about HIV-related sexual rejection (42% vs 21%), avoiding sex because of their HIV status (37% vs. 23%), and experiencing HIV-related sexual rejection (27% vs. 9%) in the past 12 months. In a multivariate logistic regression controlling for other sociodemographic factors, being gay was a predictor of reporting HIV-related sexual rejection in the past 12 months (aOR 2.17, CI 1.16, 4.02). Both gay and heterosexual men living with HIV experienced stigma and discrimination in the past 12 months, and this was higher for gay men in terms of HIV-related sexual rejection. Due to the high proportion of men reporting sexual rejection, greater awareness and education of the low risk of transmission of HIV among people on effective treatment is needed to reduce stigma and sexual prejudice towards people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hibbert
- a HIV & STI Department, Public Health England , London , UK
| | | | - P Kirwan
- a HIV & STI Department, Public Health England , London , UK
| | | | - I Lut
- b StigmaIndexUK , London , UK
| | - S Okala
- a HIV & STI Department, Public Health England , London , UK.,b StigmaIndexUK , London , UK
| | - D Asboe
- c British HIV Association , London , UK.,d Positively UK , London , UK
| | - J Jeffries
- a HIV & STI Department, Public Health England , London , UK
| | - C Kunda
- b StigmaIndexUK , London , UK
| | - R Mbewe
- b StigmaIndexUK , London , UK.,d Positively UK , London , UK
| | | | - J Morton
- b StigmaIndexUK , London , UK.,e Terrence Higgins Trust , London , UK
| | - M Nelson
- f Chelsea & Westminster Hospital , London , UK
| | | | | | - M Ross
- c British HIV Association , London , UK.,h CliniQ , London , UK
| | - I Reeves
- i Homerton University Hospital , London , UK
| | - L Sharp
- g University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - W Sseruma
- b StigmaIndexUK , London , UK.,j NAZ, London , London , UK
| | - G Valiotis
- b StigmaIndexUK , London , UK.,k HIV Scotland , Edinburgh , UK
| | - A Wolton
- b StigmaIndexUK , London , UK.,f Chelsea & Westminster Hospital , London , UK.,h CliniQ , London , UK
| | | | | | - V Delpech
- a HIV & STI Department, Public Health England , London , UK
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Le Pen L, Watson G, Hudson A, Powrie W. Behaviour of under sleeper pads at switches and crossings - Field measurements. Proc Inst Mech Eng F J Rail Rapid Transit 2018; 232:1049-1063. [PMID: 30662165 PMCID: PMC6319517 DOI: 10.1177/0954409717707400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Major growth in rail traffic in many parts of the world in recent years has brought railway networks close to capacity and restricted the time available for track access to carry out maintenance work without costly temporary route closures. There are, therefore, significant benefits in designing or modifying ballasted track systems to reduce maintenance and associated access requirements. Under sleeper pads (USPs) offer the potential to extend ballasted track system life and to extend the intervals between routine maintenance. This paper presents and evaluates field measurements, made using geophones and high speed filming with digital image correlation (DIC), of the performance of a renewed section of track incorporating two switches and crossings (S&C) over a period of two years. One S&C was fitted with two types of USP (categorised as medium and soft), while the other had no USPs and acted as a control. Measurements demonstrate that the bearers with USPs fitted showed less variability in movement than bearers without USPs fitted. The provision of soft USPs caused large increases (>40%) in vertical bearer movements relative to bearers without USPs, although the medium USPs showed little difference. Increased movements of elongated bearers supporting both tracks fitted with soft USPs led to increased bearer rotations towards the loaded track. This effect was aided by the rigid steel collar fixing in the middle of the bearer used in this design of S&C, and raises questions concerning the desirability of this feature. DIC measurements showed that the at rest position of the elongated bearers rotated towards the track on which a train had most recently passed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Le Pen
- Louis Le Pen, University of Southampton, University Road, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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49
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Hudson A. SP-0114: Circulating tumour cell (CTC) analysis in radiotherapy patients. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)30424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Hibbert M, Wolton A, Crenna-Jennings W, Benton L, Kirwan P, Lut I, Okala S, Ross M, Furegato M, Nambiar K, Douglas N, Roche J, Jeffries J, Reeves I, Nelson M, Weerawardhana C, Jamal Z, Hudson A, Delpech V. Experiences of stigma and discrimination in social and healthcare settings among trans people living with HIV in the UK. AIDS Care 2018; 30:836-843. [PMID: 29409344 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2018.1436687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The People Living with HIV StigmaSurvey UK 2015 was a community led national survey investigating experiences of people living with HIV in the UK in the past 12 months. Participants aged 18 and over were recruited through over 120 cross-sector community organisations and 46 HIV clinics to complete an anonymous online survey. Trans is an umbrella term which refers to individuals whose current gender identity is different to the gender they were assigned at birth. Trans participants self-identified via gender identity and gender at birth questions. Descriptive analyses of reported experiences in social and health care settings were conducted and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify sociodemographic predictors of reporting being treated differently to non-HIV patients, and being delayed or refused healthcare treatment in the past 12 months. 31 out of 1576 participants (2%) identified as trans (19 trans women, 5 trans men, 2 gender queer/non-binary, 5 other). High levels of social stigma were reported for all participants, with trans participants significantly more likely to report worrying about verbal harassment (39% vs. 23%), and exclusion from family gatherings (23% vs. 9%) in the last 12 months, compared to cisgender participants. Furthermore, 10% of trans participants reported physical assault in the last 12 months, compared to 4% of cisgender participants. Identifying as trans was a predictor of reporting being treated differently to non-HIV patients (48% vs. 30%; aOR 2.61, CI 1.06, 6.42) and being delayed or refused healthcare (41% vs. 16%; aOR 4.58, CI 1.83, 11.44). Trans people living with HIV in the UK experience high levels of stigma and discrimination, including within healthcare settings, which is likely to impact upon health outcomes. Trans-specific education and awareness within healthcare settings could help to improve service provision for this demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hibbert
- a HIV & STI Department , Public Health England , London , UK
| | - A Wolton
- b StigmaIndexUK, FPA , London , UK.,c CliniQ , London , UK.,d Chelsea & Westminster Hospital , London , UK
| | | | | | - P Kirwan
- a HIV & STI Department , Public Health England , London , UK
| | | | - S Okala
- a HIV & STI Department , Public Health England , London , UK
| | - M Ross
- b StigmaIndexUK, FPA , London , UK.,c CliniQ , London , UK
| | - M Furegato
- a HIV & STI Department , Public Health England , London , UK
| | - K Nambiar
- f Brighton and Sussex University NHS Trust , Brighton , UK
| | - N Douglas
- g Policy Innovation Research Unit , London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London , UK
| | | | | | - I Reeves
- h Homerton University Hospital , London , UK
| | - M Nelson
- d Chelsea & Westminster Hospital , London , UK
| | | | | | - A Hudson
- b StigmaIndexUK, FPA , London , UK.,e FPA , London , UK
| | - V Delpech
- a HIV & STI Department , Public Health England , London , UK
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