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Conde E, Hernandez S, Rodriguez Carrillo JL, Martinez R, Alonso M, Curto D, Jimenez B, Caminoa A, Benito A, Garrido P, Clave S, Arriola E, Esteban-Rodriguez I, De Castro J, Sansano I, Felip E, Rojo F, Dómine M, Abdulkader I, Garcia-Gonzalez J, Teixido C, Reguart N, Compañ D, Insa A, Mancheño N, Palanca S, Juan-Vidal O, Baixeras N, Nadal E, Cebollero M, Calles A, Martin P, Salas C, Provencio M, Aranda I, Massuti B, Lopez-Vilaro L, Majem M, Paz-Ares L, Lopez-Rios F. RET Fusion Testing in Patients With NSCLC: The RETING Study. JTO Clin Res Rep 2024; 5:100653. [PMID: 38525319 PMCID: PMC10957499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2024.100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction RET inhibitors with impressive overall response rates are now available for patients with NSCLC, yet the identification of RET fusions remains a difficult challenge. Most guidelines encourage the upfront use of next-generation sequencing (NGS), or alternatively, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) when NGS is not possible or available. Taken together, the suboptimal performance of single-analyte assays to detect RET fusions, although consistent with the notion of encouraging universal NGS, is currently widening some of the clinical practice gaps in the implementation of predictive biomarkers in patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods This situation prompted us to evaluate several RET assays in a large multicenter cohort of RET fusion-positive NSCLC (n = 38) to obtain real-world data. In addition to RNA-based NGS (the criterion standard method), all positive specimens underwent break-apart RET FISH with two different assays and were also tested by an RT-PCR assay. Results The most common RET partners were KIF5B (78.9%), followed by CCDC6 (15.8%). The two RET NGS-positive but FISH-negative samples contained a KIF5B(15)-RET(12) fusion. The three RET fusions not identified with RT-PCR were AKAP13(35)-RET(12), KIF5B(24)-RET(9) and KIF5B(24)-RET(11). All three false-negative RT-PCR cases were FISH-positive, exhibited a typical break-apart pattern, and contained a very high number of positive tumor cells with both FISH assays. Signet ring cells, psammoma bodies, and pleomorphic features were frequently observed (in 34.2%, 39.5%, and 39.5% of tumors, respectively). Conclusions In-depth knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of the different RET testing methodologies could help clinical and molecular tumor boards implement and maintain sensible algorithms for the rapid and effective detection of RET fusions in patients with NSCLC. The likelihood of RET false-negative results with both FISH and RT-PCR reinforces the need for upfront NGS in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Conde
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Hernandez
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Marta Alonso
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Curto
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Pilar Garrido
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergi Clave
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edurne Arriola
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Javier De Castro
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Sansano
- Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Federico Rojo
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Dómine
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ihab Abdulkader
- Hospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Teixido
- Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemi Reguart
- Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Amelia Insa
- Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Mancheño
- Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sarai Palanca
- Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Baixeras
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Nadal
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Cebollero
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Calles
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Martin
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Salas
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Aranda
- Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis – Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Bartomeu Massuti
- Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis – Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Lopez-Rios
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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2
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Michels S, Massutí B, Vasyliv I, Stratmann J, Frank J, Adams A, Felip E, Grohé C, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Bischoff H, Carcereny I Costa E, Corral J, Pereira E, Fassunke J, Fischer RN, Insa A, Koleczko S, Nogova L, Reck M, Reutter T, Riedel R, Schaufler D, Scheffler M, Weisthoff M, Provencio M, Merkelbach-Bruse S, Hellmich M, Sebastian M, Büttner R, Persigehl T, Rosell R, Wolf J. Overall survival and central nervous system activity of crizotinib in ROS1-rearranged lung cancer-final results of the EUCROSS trial. ESMO Open 2024; 9:102237. [PMID: 38350336 PMCID: PMC10937203 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.102237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2019, we reported the first efficacy and safety analysis of EUCROSS, a phase II trial investigating crizotinib in ROS1 fusion-positive lung cancer. At that time, overall survival (OS) was immature and the effect of crizotinib on intracranial disease control remained unclear. Here, we present the final analysis of OS, systemic and intracranial activity, and the impact of co-occurring aberrations. MATERIALS AND METHODS EUCROSS was a prospective, single-arm, phase II trial. The primary endpoint was best overall response rate (ORR) using RECIST 1.1. Secondary and exploratory endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), OS, and efficacy in pre-defined subgroups. RESULTS Median OS of the intention-to-treat population (N = 34) was 54.8 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 20.3 months-not reached (NR); median follow-up 81.4 months] and median all-cause PFS of the response-evaluable population (N = 30) was 19.4 months (95% CI 10.1-32.2 months). Time on treatment was significantly correlated with OS (R = 0.82; P < 0.0001). Patients with co-occurring TP53 aberrations (28%) had a significantly shorter OS [hazard ratio (HR) 11; 95% CI 2.0-56.0; P = 0.006] and all-cause PFS (HR 4.2; 95% CI 1.2-15; P = 0.025). Patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement at baseline (N = 6; 20%) had a numerically shorter median OS and all-cause PFS. Median intracranial PFS was 32.2 months (95% CI 23.7 months-NR) and the rate of isolated CNS progression was 24%. CONCLUSIONS Our final analysis proves the efficacy of crizotinib in ROS1-positive lung cancer, but also highlights the devastating impact of TP53 mutations on survival and treatment efficacy. Additionally, our data show that CNS disease control is durable and the risk of CNS progression while on crizotinib treatment is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Michels
- Department I for Internal Medicine and Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - B Massutí
- Department for Oncology, Alicante University Hospital-ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - I Vasyliv
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Colone, Department of Radiology and Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Stratmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main
| | - J Frank
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Adams
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - E Felip
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Grohé
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, ELK Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Rodriguez-Abreu
- Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - H Bischoff
- Thoraxonkologie, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Carcereny I Costa
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-Badalona and Badalona-Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), Badalona
| | - J Corral
- Department for Medical Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid
| | - E Pereira
- Spanish Lung Cancer Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Fassunke
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Institute of Pathology and Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - R N Fischer
- Department I for Internal Medicine and Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Insa
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, València, Spain
| | - S Koleczko
- Department I for Internal Medicine and Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - L Nogova
- Department I for Internal Medicine and Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Reck
- Department for Thoracic Oncology, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research, Großhansdorf
| | - T Reutter
- Department I for Internal Medicine and Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Oncology, Asklepios Clinic Altona, Hematology, Palliative Care and Rheumatology, Asklepios Tumorzentrum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Riedel
- Department I for Internal Medicine and Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - D Schaufler
- Department I for Internal Medicine and Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Scheffler
- Department I for Internal Medicine and Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Weisthoff
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Colone, Department of Radiology and Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Provencio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda, Madrid
| | - S Merkelbach-Bruse
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Institute of Pathology and Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Hellmich
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Sebastian
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main
| | - R Büttner
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Institute of Pathology and Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - T Persigehl
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Colone, Department of Radiology and Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - R Rosell
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona; Quiron Dexeus University Hospital, Institute of Oncology Rosell (IOR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Wolf
- Department I for Internal Medicine and Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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García-Campelo R, Sullivan I, Arriola E, Insa A, Juan Vidal O, Cruz-Castellanos P, Morán T, Reguart N, Zugazagoitia J, Dómine M. Correction to: SEOM-GECP Clinical guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) (2022). Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:2760-2762. [PMID: 37556098 PMCID: PMC10425482 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario García-Campelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, Health Research Institute, INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Ivana Sullivan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edurne Arriola
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- Departmert of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar Juan Vidal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitari i Politécnic La Fe de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Teresa Morán
- Department of Medical Oncology, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Badalona, Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Reguart
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jon Zugazagoitia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy Research Group, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Health Research Institute Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (i+12), H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Health Research Institute, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Dómine
- Department of Medical Oncology. Hospital, Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-FJD, Oncohealth Institute, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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4
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García-Campelo R, Sullivan I, Arriola E, Insa A, Juan Vidal O, Cruz-Castellanos P, Morán T, Reguart N, Zugazagoitia J, Dómine M. SEOM-GECP Clinical guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) (2022). Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:2679-2691. [PMID: 37418123 PMCID: PMC10425483 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignancy comprising approximately 15% of lung cancers. Only one-third of patients are diagnosed at limited-stage (LS). Surgical resection can be curative in early stages, followed by platinum-etoposide adjuvant therapy, although only a minority of patients with SCLC qualify for surgery. Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy is the standard of care for LS-SCLC that is not surgically resectable, followed by prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) for patients without progression. For extensive-stage (ES)-SCLC, a combination of platinum and etoposide has historically been a mainstay of treatment. Recently, the efficacy of programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy has become the new front-line standard of care for ES-SCLC. Emerging knowledge regarding SCLC biology, including genomic characterization and molecular subtyping, and new treatment approaches will potentially lead to advances in SCLC patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario García-Campelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, Health Research Institute, INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Ivana Sullivan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edurne Arriola
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- Departmert of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar Juan Vidal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitari i Politécnic La Fe de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Teresa Morán
- Department of Medical Oncology, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Badalona, Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Reguart
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jon Zugazagoitia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy Research Group, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Health Research Institute Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (i+12), H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Health Research Institute, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Dómine
- Department of Medical Oncology. Hospital, Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-FJD, Oncohealth Institute, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Provencio M, Nadal E, González-Larriba JL, Martínez-Martí A, Bernabé R, Bosch-Barrera J, Casal-Rubio J, Calvo V, Insa A, Ponce S, Reguart N, de Castro J, Mosquera J, Cobo M, Aguilar A, López Vivanco G, Camps C, López-Castro R, Morán T, Barneto I, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Serna-Blasco R, Benítez R, Aguado de la Rosa C, Palmero R, Hernando-Trancho F, Martín-López J, Cruz-Bermúdez A, Massuti B, Romero A. Perioperative Nivolumab and Chemotherapy in Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:504-513. [PMID: 37379158 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2215530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 20% of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receive a diagnosis of stage III disease. There is no current consensus regarding the most appropriate treatment for these patients. METHODS In this open-label, phase 2 trial, we randomly assigned patients with resectable stage IIIA or IIIB NSCLC to receive neoadjuvant nivolumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy (experimental group) or chemotherapy alone (control group), followed by surgery. Patients in the experimental group who had R0 resections received adjuvant treatment with nivolumab for 6 months. The primary end point was a pathological complete response (0% viable tumor in resected lung and lymph nodes). Secondary end points included progression-free survival and overall survival at 24 months and safety. RESULTS A total of 86 patients underwent randomization; 57 were assigned to the experimental group and 29 were assigned to the control group. A pathological complete response occurred in 37% of the patients in the experimental group and in 7% in the control group (relative risk, 5.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34 to 21.23; P = 0.02). Surgery was performed in 93% of the patients in the experimental group and in 69% in the control group (relative risk, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.74). Kaplan-Meier estimates of progression-free survival at 24 months were 67.2% in the experimental group and 40.9% in the control group (hazard ratio for disease progression, disease recurrence, or death, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.88). Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall survival at 24 months were 85.0% in the experimental group and 63.6% in the control group (hazard ratio for death, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.98). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurred in 11 patients in the experimental group (19%; some patients had events of both grades) and 3 patients in the control group (10%). CONCLUSIONS In patients with resectable stage IIIA or IIIB NSCLC, perioperative treatment with nivolumab plus chemotherapy resulted in a higher percentage of patients with a pathological complete response and longer survival than chemotherapy alone. (Funded by Bristol Myers Squibb and others; NADIM II ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03838159; EudraCT number, 2018-004515-45.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Provencio
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Ernest Nadal
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - José L González-Larriba
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Alex Martínez-Martí
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Reyes Bernabé
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Joaquim Bosch-Barrera
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Joaquín Casal-Rubio
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Virginia Calvo
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Santiago Ponce
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Noemí Reguart
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Javier de Castro
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Joaquín Mosquera
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Manuel Cobo
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Andrés Aguilar
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Guillermo López Vivanco
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Carlos Camps
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Rafael López-Castro
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Teresa Morán
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Isidoro Barneto
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Delvys Rodríguez-Abreu
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Roberto Serna-Blasco
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Raquel Benítez
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Carlos Aguado de la Rosa
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Ramón Palmero
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Florentino Hernando-Trancho
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Javier Martín-López
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Alberto Cruz-Bermúdez
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Bartomeu Massuti
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Atocha Romero
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
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De Castro J, Insa A, Collado-Borrell R, Escudero-Vilaplana V, Martínez A, Fernandez E, Sullivan I, Arrabal N, Carcedo D, Manzaneque A. Economic burden of locoregional and metastatic relapses in resectable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer in Spain. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:69. [PMID: 36809990 PMCID: PMC9942326 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are scarce data of the costs of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) recurrence in Spain. The objective of this study is to assess the economic burden of disease recurrence, for both locoregional and/or metastatic relapses, after appropriate early-stage NSCLC treatment in Spain. MATERIALS AND METHODS A two-round consensus panel of Spanish oncologists and hospital pharmacists was conducted to collect information on patient's flow, treatments, use of healthcare resources and sick leaves in patients with relapsed NSCLC. A decision-tree model was developed to calculate the economic burden of disease recurrence after appropriate early-stage NSCLC. Both direct and indirect costs were considered. Direct costs included drug acquisition and healthcare resources costs. Indirect costs were estimated using the human-capital approach. Unit costs were obtained from national databases (euros of 2022). A multi-way sensitivity analysis was performed to provide a range to the mean values. RESULTS Among a cohort of 100 patients with relapsed NSCLC, 45 patients would have locoregional relapse (36.3 would eventually progress to metastasis and 8.7 would be considered in remission) and 55 patients would have metastatic relapse. Over time, 91.3 patients would experience a metastatic relapse (55 as first relapse and 36.6 after previous locoregional relapse). The overall cost incurred by the 100-patients cohort is €10,095,846 (€9,336,782 direct costs, €795,064 indirect costs). The average cost of a locoregional relapse is €25,194 (€19,658 direct costs, €5536 indirect costs), while the average cost a patient with metastasis who receives up to 4 lines of treatment is €127,167 (€117,328 direct, €9839 indirect). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study that specifically quantifies the cost of relapse in NSCLC in Spain. Our findings shown that the overall cost of a relapse after appropriate treatment of early-stage NSCLC patients is substantial, and it increases considerably in the metastatic relapse setting, mainly due to the high cost and long duration of first-line treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier De Castro
- grid.81821.320000 0000 8970 9163Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- grid.411308.fHospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roberto Collado-Borrell
- grid.410526.40000 0001 0277 7938Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alex Martínez
- grid.411083.f0000 0001 0675 8654Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ivana Sullivan
- grid.413396.a0000 0004 1768 8905Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Arrabal
- grid.476717.40000 0004 1768 8390Roche Farma S.A., Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alba Manzaneque
- grid.414875.b0000 0004 1794 4956Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
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Isla D, Felip E, Garrido P, Insa A, Majem M, Remon J, Trigo JM, de Castro J. A Delphi consensus panel about clinical management of early-stage EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Spain: a Delphi consensus panel study. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:283-291. [PMID: 36168085 PMCID: PMC9813031 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This Delphi panel study assessed the level of consensus between medical oncologists on the clinical management of patients with early-stage EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS A modified two-round Delphi approach was used. A scientific committee comprised of medical oncologists developed an online questionnaire. Delphi panel experts rated their level of agreement with each questionnaire statement on a 9-point Likert scale. The questionnaire included 36 statements from 3 domains (clinical management of early-stage NSCLC: 15 statements; role of adjuvant therapy in early-stage NSCLC: 9 statements; and role of adjuvant therapy in early-stage NSCLC with sensitizing EGFR mutation: 12 statements). RESULTS In round 1, consensus was reached for 24/36 statements (66.7%). Nine statements that did not achieve consensus after the first round were evaluated in round 2, and none of them reached consensus. Overall, 84.4% of the panelists agreed that EGFR mutation testing should be done after surgery. Consensus was not achieved on whether the implementation of EGFR mutation testing in resected early-stage NSCLC could limit the use of adjuvant osimertinib. The panelists recognized the rationale for the use of osimertinib in the adjuvant scenario (88%) and 72% agreed that it may change the treatment paradigm in stage IB-IIIA EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Consensus was not reached on the inconvenience of prolonged duration of osimertinib. CONCLUSIONS This Delphi study provides valuable insights into relevant questions in the management of early-stage EGFR-mutated NSCLC. However, specific issues remain unresolved. The expert consensus emphasizes the role of adjuvant treatment with osimertinib in this scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Isla
- Hospital Universitario Lozano Blesa, IIS Aragón, Saragossa, Spain
| | | | | | - Amelia Insa
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Escudero-Vilaplana V, Collado-Borrell R, De Castro J, Insa A, Martínez A, Fernández E, Sullivan I, Flores A, Arrabal N, Carcedo D, Manzaneque A. Cost-effectiveness of adjuvant atezolizumab versus best supportive care in the treatment of patients with resectable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer and overexpression of PD-L1. J Med Econ 2023; 26:445-453. [PMID: 36883193 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2023.2188844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the cost-effectiveness of adjuvant atezolizumab in the treatment of early-stage NSCLC patients (stage II-IIIA) with expression PD-L1 ≥ 50% without mutations in EGFR or ALK rearrangements in Spain. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 5-states Markov model (DFS, locoregional recurrence, 1 L-metastatic recurrence, 2 L-metastatic recurrence, and death states) was adapted to the Spanish setting. Demographic characteristics of the hypothetical cohort, transition probabilities from the DFS state, and safety parameters were obtained from IMpower010 study (GO29527). Transition probabilities from locoregional and metastatic health states were obtained from the literature. The usual clinical practice in Spain (use of health resources, management of the disease, etc.) was obtained from a previous analysis carried out by the authors of this study. A societal perspective was considered so both direct and indirect costs were included (expressed in € of 2021). A lifetime horizon was used, so costs and health outcomes were discounted at 3% per year. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate uncertainty. RESULTS Over a lifetime horizon, treatment with adjuvant atezolizumab provided greater effectiveness (+2.61 life years [LY] and +1.95 quality-adjusted life years [QALY]) and higher cost (€+22,538) than BSC. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and incremental cost-utility ratios (ICUR) of the analysis were €8,625/LY gained and €11,583/QALY gained, respectively. Robustness of these base-case results was confirmed by the sensitivity analyses performed. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, 90% of the simulations performed showed that adjuvant atezolizumab is cost-effective versus BSC, considering a threshold of €30,000/QALY. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that adjuvant treatment with atezolizumab in patients with early-stage resected NSCLC with overexpression of PD-L1 and without EGFR and ALK mutations is cost-effective versus BSC as the ICERs and ICURs obtained are below the cost-effectiveness thresholds commonly considered in Spain, thus offering a new treatment alternative for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amelia Insa
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Martínez
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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Hernandez S, Rodriguez Carrillo J, Caminoa A, Benito A, Martinez R, Alonso M, Clave S, Arriola E, Esteban-Rodriguez I, De Castro J, Sansano I, Felip E, Abdulkader I, Garcia J, Rojo F, Domine M, Teixido C, Reguart N, Compañ D, Insa A, Mancheño N, Palanca S, Juan O, Baixeras N, Nadal E, Cebollero M, Calles A, Martin P, Salas C, Provencio M, Aranda I, Massuti B, Lopez-Vilaro L, Majem M, Garrido P, Paz-Ares L, Lopez-Rios F, Conde E. P2.07-02 RET Fusion Testing with FISH and Real-Time PCR: a Comparison with RNA-Based Next-Generation Sequencing in RET Positive NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Romero A, Serna R, Nadal E, Larriba JG, Martínez-Martí A, Bernabé R, Bosch-Barrera J, Fernandez AG, Calvo V, Insa A, Ponce S, Reguart N, De Castro J, Massutí B, Palmero R, Aguado de la Rosa C, Mosquera J, Cobo M, Aguilar A, Vivanco GL, Camps C, Trancho FH, Castro RL, Moran T, Barneto I, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Cruz A, Provencio M. MA06.03 Pre-treatment ctDNA Levels Significantly Predicts of OS and PFS in NADIM II Trial. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Casarrubios M, Provencio M, Nadal E, Insa A, Del Rosario García-Campelo M, Lázaro-Quintela M, Dómine M, Majem M, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Martinez-Marti A, De Castro Carpeño J, Cobo M, López Vivanco G, Del Barco E, Bernabé R, Viñolas N, Barneto Aranda I, Massuti B, Sierra-Rodero B, Martinez-Toledo C, Fernández-Miranda I, Serna-Blanco R, Romero A, Calvo V, Cruz-Bermúdez A. Tumor microenvironment gene expression profiles associated to complete pathological response and disease progression in resectable NSCLC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-005320. [PMID: 36171009 PMCID: PMC9528578 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has improved pathological responses and survival rates compared with chemotherapy alone, leading to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of nivolumab plus chemotherapy for resectable stage IB-IIIA NSCLC (AJCC 7th edition) without ALK or EGFR alterations. Unfortunately, a considerable percentage of tumors do not completely respond to therapy, which has been associated with early disease progression. So far, it is impossible to predict these events due to lack of knowledge. In this study, we characterized the gene expression profile of tumor samples to identify new biomarkers and mechanisms behind tumor responses to neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and disease recurrence after surgery. METHODS Tumor bulk RNA sequencing was performed in 16 pretreatment and 36 post-treatment tissue samples from 41 patients with resectable stage IIIA NSCLC treated with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy from NADIM trial. A panel targeting 395 genes related to immunological processes was used. Tumors were classified as complete pathological response (CPR) and non-CPR, based on the total absence of viable tumor cells in tumor bed and lymph nodes tested at surgery. Differential-expressed genes between groups and pathway enrichment analysis were assessed using DESeq2 and gene set enrichment analysis. CIBERSORTx was used to estimate the proportions of immune cell subtypes. RESULTS CPR tumors had a stronger pre-established immune infiltrate at baseline than non-CPR, characterized by higher levels of IFNG, GZMB, NKG7, and M1 macrophages, all with a significant area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) >0.9 for CPR prediction. A greater effect of neoadjuvant therapy was also seen in CPR tumors with a reduction of tumor markers and IFNγ signaling after treatment. Additionally, the higher expression of several genes, including AKT1, BST2, OAS3, or CD8B; or higher dendritic cells and neutrophils proportions in post-treatment non-CPR samples, were associated with relapse after surgery. Also, high pretreatment PD-L1 and tumor mutational burden levels influenced the post-treatment immune landscape with the downregulation of proliferation markers and type I interferon signaling molecules in surgery samples. CONCLUSIONS Our results reinforce the differences between CPR and non-CPR responses, describing possible response and relapse immune mechanisms, opening the possibility of therapy personalization of immunotherapy-based regimens in the neoadjuvant setting of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Casarrubios
- Medical Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda-Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Provencio
- Medical Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda-Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernest Nadal
- Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell Program, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- Medical Oncology, Fundación INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Dómine
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Majem
- Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Servei de Oncologia Medica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Delvys Rodriguez-Abreu
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Canarias, Spain
| | - Alex Martinez-Marti
- Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Cobo
- Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Edel Del Barco
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Reyes Bernabé
- Medical Oncology, Hospital U. Virgen Rocio, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Belén Sierra-Rodero
- Medical Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda-Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Martinez-Toledo
- Medical Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda-Madrid, Spain
| | - Ismael Fernández-Miranda
- Medical Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda-Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Serna-Blanco
- Medical Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda-Madrid, Spain
| | - Atocha Romero
- Medical Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda-Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Calvo
- Medical Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda-Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Cruz-Bermúdez
- Medical Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda-Madrid, Spain
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Carpeño J, Insa A, Collado R, Escudero V, Martínez A, Fernandez E, Sullivan I, Crama L, Arrabal N, Carcedo D, Manzaneque A. EP04.01-002 Costs of Locoregional and Metastatic Recurrences in Patients with Resectable Stage II-III NSCLC in Spain. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Provencio M, Serna R, Nadal E, Glez Larriba J, Martínez-Martí A, Bernabé R, Bosch-Barrera J, Garcia Benito C, Calvo V, Insa A, Ponce S, Reguart N, De Castro J, Massutí B, Palmero R, Aguado de la Rosa C, Mosquera J, Cobo M, Aguilar A, López Vivanco G, Camps C, Hernando Trancho F, López Castro R, Moran T, Barneto I, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Romero A. PL03.12 Progression Free Survival and Overall Survival in NADIM II Study. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Albarrán-Artahona V, Torres-Jiménez J, Auclin E, Esteban-Villarrubia J, Sánchez-Gastaldo A, Benítez-López G, Garde-Noguera J, Pérez-Gracia J, Soler J, Areses M, Olmedo-García E, Insa A, Torres-Martínez A, Roa D, Dorta M, Cárdenas N, Laguna J, Teixidó C, Mezquita L. EP08.02-149 Spanish Multicenter Retrospective Study of Real-Life Experience of Advanced NSCLC with EGFR Exon 20 Insertions Treated With Amivantamab. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ferrer L, Nadal E, Guidel F, Insa A, Menu P, Casal J, Domine M, Massuti B, Majem M, Martinez-Marti A, Campelo RG, de Castro Carpeño J, Cobo M, Lopez Vivanco G, del Barco E, Bernabé R, Vinolas N, Barneto I, Colin T, Provencio-Pulla M. Multimodal prediction of response to neoadjuvant nivolumab and chemotherapy for surgically resectable stage IIIA non–small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.8542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
8542 Background: The NADIM trial (NCT03081689), led by the Spanish Lung Cancer Group, assessed the antitumor activity and safety of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for resectable stage IIIA NSCLC. Patients received neoadjuvant nivolumab and paclitaxel-carboplatin for three cycles before surgical resection, followed by one year of adjuvant nivolumab. At 24 months, progression-free survival (PFS) was 77%, suggesting that neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy represents a promising option in this setting. Pathological complete response (pCR) could potentially be used as an important surrogate endpoint for survival. We present here a re-analysis of the NADIM cohort aiming to develop a machine learning algorithm to predict the pCR status based on multimodal baseline data. Methods: We combined baseline clinical data (e.g., age, smoking status), biological data (e.g., tumor histology, mutations), radiology reports and radiomics analysis of the baseline CT scan in a multimodal analysis. While 46 patients were enrolled in the NADIM trial, only 28 had a complete set of data available for this retrospective study. For each patient, tumors were segmented on the baseline CT-scan in 3D by a Deep Learning algorithm. Radiomics features were extracted following the IBSI standards and combined with the other data modalities. A filter-based variable selection method was applied before training several machine learning algorithms. The optimization criterion was the Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC). Due to the small size of the cohort, a leave-one-out cross-validation approach was used to properly estimate the model performance. For a sub-cohort of 20 patients for which data have been collected longitudinally during the neoadjuvant treatment, an additional Delta-radiomics model was used to predict the pCR status. Results: An XGBoost algorithm with a linear base learner displayed an AUC of 0.69, a precision of 75%, a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 50%. Features with highest weight in the algorithm were a mix of radiological, radiomics, biological and clinical features (including the neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio, mutations and histology) highlighting the importance of a truly multimodal analysis. Indeed, withdrawing a specific data modality (e.g., radiomics or biological features), led to a decrease of ̃15% of the AUC. Inclusion of the Delta-radiomics analysis on the data collected longitudinally prior to surgery led to an improved AUC of 0.76 in that patient sub-cohort. Conclusions: This study is, to our knowledge, the first to offer a multimodal analysis of the response to neoadjuvant treatment for surgically resectable stage IIIA NSCLC and is a proof of concept that a machine learning algorithm can be used to predict the pCR in this context. These preliminary results are being confirmed in the ongoing NADIM II trial. Clinical trial information: NCT03838159.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernest Nadal
- Institut Català d’Oncologia, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Amelia Insa
- Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Domine
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Alex Martinez-Marti
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d´Hebron University Hospital/Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Javier de Castro Carpeño
- Translational Oncology Unit at Medical Oncology Division, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Cobo
- UGC Oncología Intercentros, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Reyes Bernabé
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Mariano Provencio-Pulla
- Instituto Investigacion Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Michels SYF, Franklin J, Massuti B, Sebastian M, Felip E, Grohé C, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Bischoff H, Carcereny E, Corral J, Insa A, Reck M, Rothschild S, Provencio M, Scheffler M, Hellmich M, Nogova L, Büttner R, Rosell R, Wolf J. Crizotinib in ROS1-rearranged lung cancer (EUCROSS): Updated overall survival. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.9078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
9078 Background: ROS1 rearrangements are found in approximately 1% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Prospective clinical trials showed high efficacy of crizotinib in this molecular subset. Lately, we reported an overall response rate (ORR) of 70% and a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 19.4 months for patients treated within the EUCROSS trial (Michels et al. Clin Oncol, 37(15_suppl):9066-9066, 2019). Here we present an updated analysis of the overall survival. Methods: EUCROSS is a European multi-centre, single arm phase 2 trial (Clinicaltrial.gov identifier: NCT02183870). Key eligibility criteria were ≥18 years of age, advanced/metastatic lung cancer, centrally confirmed ROS1-rearranged (fluorescence-in situ hybridisation) and no or stable brain metastases at baseline. Crizotinib was given at a dose of 250 mg twice daily. Primary endpoint of the trial was investigator-assessed ORR in the response-evaluable population (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1), with secondary endpoints of PFS and overall survival (OS). Results: Of the 34 patients who received at least one dose of crizotinib (intention-to-treat population, ITT), 30 were included the primary efficacy analysis set (PAS). After a median follow-up of 55.9 months, 13 (43%) patients in the PAS and 15 (44%) in the ITT had died. Median OS was not reached in either group (95% CI, 17.1-NR and 20.3-NR, respectively). OS was negatively correlated with the presence of brain metastases (Log-rank p = 0.1805) and TP53 mutations (Log-rank p = 0.015). Detailed listings of the survival rates are depicted in Table. No new safety signals were observed. Owing to the approval of crizotinib by the European Medicines Agency, all patients who were still on treatment by January 24th 2018 (n=8), were prescribed crizotinib outside the trial. Conclusions: Updated OS highlights the efficacy of crizotinib in patients with ROS1-rearranged lung cancer. Patients with co-occurring TP53 mutations or brain metastases had worse outcomes and represent challenging populations. Clinical trial information: NCT02183870. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Yves Friedrich Michels
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Lung Cancer Group, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jeremy Franklin
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Martin Sebastian
- University Hospital, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Enriqueta Felip
- Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Medical Oncology Department, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Grohé
- Klinik für Pneumologie-Evangelische Lungenklinik Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Helge Bischoff
- Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Enric Carcereny
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, B, ARGO Group Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jesús Corral
- Department of Oncology. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martin Reck
- LungenClinic, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Sacha Rothschild
- University Hospital Basel, Comprehensive Cancer Center and Medical Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Matthias Scheffler
- Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Dept. I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Hellmich
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lucia Nogova
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Lung Cancer Group, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) and Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, and Institute of Oncology Rosell (IOR), Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juergen Wolf
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Lung Cancer Group, Cologne, Germany
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Provencio-Pulla M, Nadal E, Larriba JLG, Martinez-Marti A, Bernabé R, Bosch-Barrera J, Casal J, Calvo V, Insa A, Aix SP, Reguart N, Carpeño JDC, Mosquera J, Benitez R, Aguado De La Rosa C, Palmero R, Hernando-Trancho F, Romero A, Cruz Bermudez A, Massuti B. Nivolumab + chemotherapy versus chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment for resectable stage IIIA NSCLC: Primary endpoint results of pathological complete response (pCR) from phase II NADIM II trial. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.8501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
8501 Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is incurable in most patients with locally advanced stage IIIA disease. Previous results indicate that the use of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy could increase the percentage of cured patients being a promising therapeutic option that has to be tested in randomized clinical trials. Methods: NADIM II (NCT03838159) is an open-label, randomized, two-arm, phase II, multi-center clinical trial. Patients with resectable clinical stage IIIA (per AJCC 7th ed) NSCLC, ECOG PS 0-1, and no known EGFR/ALK alterations were randomized to receive Nivolumab (NIVO) 360mg + Paclitaxel 200mg/m2 + Carboplatin AUC5 for 3 cycles every 21 days (+/- 3 days) as neoadjuvant treatment followed by surgery, or Paclitaxel 200mg/m2 + Carboplatin AUC5 for 3 cycles every 21 days (+/- 3 days) followed by surgery. Patients with R0 resection confirmed by pathological evaluation initiated adjuvant administration of NIVO within the 3rd to 8th week (+7 days) from surgery and for 6 months. The primary endpoint was pathological complete response (pCR) by blinded independent pathological review (BIPR) in the intent-to-treat population (ITT). pCR was defined as 0% viable tumor cells in resected lung and lymph nodes; patients who did not undergo surgery were classified as non-responders. Major pathological response (MPR; ≤ 10% viable tumor) per BIPR, overall response rate (ORR), toxicity profile, and potential predictive biomarkers are secondary endpoints. Results: Between February 8, 2019, and November 11, 2021, 90 patients were enrolled, of whom 87 patients were valid. Neoadjuvant NIVO + chemo significantly increased the pCR rate compared to chemo in the ITT (36.2% vs 6.8%; Relative Risk (RR) 5.25 [99% CI 1.32-20.87]; P = 0.0071). NIVO + chemo also improved MPR rates vs chemo in the ITT (52 % vs 14 %), as well as ORR (74 % vs 48%). Definitive surgery occurred for 91% of pts treated with NIVO + chemo and 69% with chemo; surgery was cancelled rarely due to AEs (1 pts/experimental arm) and due to disease progression in 1 and 4 pts in the experimental and control arm respectively. Grade 3-4-related AEs were reported in 24 % vs 10% in the NIVO + chemo vs chemo arms, respectively. In the ITT experimental arm, patients with pCR had higher PD-L1 TPS (median 70%, IQR 5-90%) compared to non-responders (median 0%, IQR 0-37.5%, P = 0.0035). AUC to predict pCR was 0.734 (95% CI 0.59-0.88; P = 0.005). The pCR rate rises across increasing categories of PD-L1 TPS ( < 1% 14.3%; 1-49% 41.7%; ≥50% 61.1%; P = 0.008). Conclusions: This study confirms the superiority of the chemo-immuno combination in patients with resectable stage IIIA NSCLC in terms of pCR, as well as the feasibility of surgery, with a moderate increase in grade 3-4 toxicity. Thus, this treatment should become the standard of care in these patients. Clinical trial information: NCT03838159.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Provencio-Pulla
- Instituto Investigacion Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernest Nadal
- Institut Català d’Oncologia, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alex Martinez-Marti
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d´Hebron University Hospital/Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Reyes Bernabé
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Virginia Calvo
- Instituto Investigacion Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Noemi Reguart
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Joaquín Mosquera
- Medical Oncology Dept, University Hospital A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Raquel Benitez
- Bioinformatic Unit, spaninsh National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ramon Palmero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Atocha Romero
- Liquid Biopsy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Cruz Bermudez
- Instituto Investigacion Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Provencio M, Serna-Blasco R, Nadal E, Insa A, García-Campelo MR, Casal Rubio J, Dómine M, Majem M, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Martínez-Martí A, De Castro Carpeño J, Cobo M, López Vivanco G, Del Barco E, Bernabé Caro R, Viñolas N, Barneto Aranda I, Viteri S, Pereira E, Royuela A, Calvo V, Martín-López J, García-García F, Casarrubios M, Franco F, Sánchez-Herrero E, Massuti B, Cruz-Bermúdez A, Romero A. Overall Survival and Biomarker Analysis of Neoadjuvant Nivolumab Plus Chemotherapy in Operable Stage IIIA Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NADIM phase II trial). J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:2924-2933. [PMID: 35576508 PMCID: PMC9426809 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.02660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus nivolumab has been shown to be effective in resectable non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the NADIM trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03081689). The 3-year overall survival (OS) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis have not been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ernest Nadal
- Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet De Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- Fundación INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Dómine
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Alex Martínez-Martí
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Cobo
- Hospital Universitario Regional de Malaga, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Santiago Viteri
- Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell. Hospital Universitario Quiron Dexeus, Grupo QuironSalud, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Royuela
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Calvo
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Fernando Franco
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Sánchez-Herrero
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.,Atrys Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Atocha Romero
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Govindan R, Lind M, Insa A, Khan SA, Uskov D, Tafreshi A, Guclu S, Bar J, Kato T, Lee KH, Nakagawa K, Hansen O, Biesma B, Kundu MG, Dunbar M, He L, Ansell P, Sehgal V, Huang X, Glasgow J, Bach BA. Veliparib Plus Carboplatin and Paclitaxel Versus Investigator's Choice of Standard Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2022; 23:214-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Martínez MT, Moragon S, Ortega-Morillo B, Montón-Bueno J, Simon S, Roselló S, Insa A, Viala A, Navarro J, Sanmartín A, Fluixá C, Julve A, Soriano D, Buch E, Peña A, Franco J, Martínez-Jabaloyas J, Marco J, Forner MJ, Cano A, Silvestre A, Teruel A, Bermejo B, Cervantes A, Chirivella Gonzalez I. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on a Cancer Fast-Track Programme. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221131000. [DOI: 10.1177/10732748221131000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted many aspects of clinical practice in oncology, particularly regarding early cancer diagnosis, sparking public health concerns that possible delays could increase the proportion of patients diagnosed at advanced stages. In 2009, a cancer fast-track program (CFP) was implemented at the Clinico-Malvarrosa Health Department in Valencia, Spain with the aim of shortening waiting times between suspected cancer symptoms, diagnosis and therapy initiation. Objectives The study aimed to explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our cancer diagnosis fast-track program. Methods The program workflow (patients included and time periods) was analysed from the beginning of the state of alarm on March 16th, 2020 until March 15th, 2021. Data was compared with data from the same period of time from the year before (2019). Results During the pandemic year, 975 suspected cancer cases were submitted to the CFP. The number of submissions only decreased during times of highest COVID-19 incidence and stricter lockdown, and overall, referrals were slightly higher than in the previous 2 years. Cancer diagnosis was confirmed in 197 (24.1%) cases, among which 33% were urological, 23% breast, 16% gastrointestinal and 9% lung cancer. The median time from referral to specialist appointment was 13 days and diagnosis was reached at a median of 18 days. In confirmed cancer cases, treatment was started at around 30 days from time of diagnosis. In total, 61% of cancer disease was detected at early stage, 20% at locally advanced stage, and 19% at advanced stage, displaying time frames and case proportions similar to pre-pandemic years. Conclusions Our program has been able to maintain normal flow and efficacy despite the challenges of the current pandemic, and has proven a reliable tool to help primary care physicians referring suspected cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. T. Martínez
- Department of Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - S. Moragon
- Department of Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - B. Ortega-Morillo
- Department of Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Montón-Bueno
- Department of Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - S. Simon
- Department of Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - S. Roselló
- Department of Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Insa
- Department of Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A. Viala
- Department of Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Navarro
- Management Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública), Centro Nacional de Epidemiología Del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Sanmartín
- Management Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - C. Fluixá
- Alfahuir Primare Care Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - A. Julve
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - D. Soriano
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - E. Buch
- Department of Surgery, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A. Peña
- Department of Medicine Digestive, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Franco
- Department of Pneumology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Martínez-Jabaloyas
- Department of Urology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Marco
- Department of Otolaryngology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. J. Forner
- Department of Internal Medicine, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A. Cano
- Department of Gynaecology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A. Silvestre
- Department of Traumatology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Teruel
- Department of Haematology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - B. Bermejo
- Department of Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Cervantes
- Department of Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Chirivella Gonzalez
- Department of Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Casarrubios M, Cruz-Bermúdez A, Nadal E, Insa A, García Campelo MDR, Lázaro M, Dómine M, Majem M, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Martínez-Martí A, de Castro-Carpeño J, Cobo M, López-Vivanco G, Del Barco E, Bernabé Caro R, Viñolas N, Barneto Aranda I, Viteri S, Massuti B, Barquín M, Laza-Briviesca R, Sierra-Rodero B, Parra ER, Sanchez-Espiridion B, Rocha P, Kadara H, Wistuba II, Romero A, Calvo V, Provencio M. Pretreatment Tissue TCR Repertoire Evenness Is Associated with Complete Pathologic Response in Patients with NSCLC Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5878-5890. [PMID: 34376534 PMCID: PMC9401519 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Characterization of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire may be a promising source for predictive biomarkers of pathologic response to immunotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this study, next-generation TCR sequencing was performed in peripheral blood and tissue samples of 40 patients with NSCLC, before and after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (NADIM clinical trial, NCT03081689), considering their complete pathologic response (CPR) or non-CPR. Beyond TCR metrics, tissue clones were ranked by their frequency and spatiotemporal evolution of top 1% clones was determined. RESULTS We have found a positive association between an uneven TCR repertoire in tissue samples at diagnosis and CPR at surgery. Moreover, TCR most frequently ranked clones (top 1%) present in diagnostic biopsies occupied greater frequency in the total clonal space of CPR patients, achieving an AUC ROC to identify CPR patients of 0.967 (95% confidence interval, 0.897-1.000; P = 0.001), and improving the results of PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS; AUC = 0.767; P = 0.026) or tumor mutational burden (TMB; AUC = 0.550; P = 0.687). Furthermore, tumors with high pretreatment top 1% clonal space showed similar immune cell populations but a higher immune reactive gene expression profile. Finally, the selective expansion of pretreatment tissue top 1% clones in peripheral blood of CPR patients suggests also a peripheral immunosurveillance, which could explain the high survival rate of these patients. CONCLUSIONS We have identified two parameters derived from TCR repertoire analysis that could outperform PD-L1 TPS and TMB as predictive biomarkers of CPR after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, and unraveled possible mechanisms of CPR involving enhanced tumor immunogenicity and peripheral immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Casarrubios
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Cruz-Bermúdez
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.,Corresponding Authors: Alberto Cruz-Bermúdez, Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación, Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid 28222, Spain. E-mail: ; and Mariano Provencio,
| | - Ernest Nadal
- Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, L'Hospitalet De Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- Fundación INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Dómine
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Alex Martínez-Martí
- Hospital Universitario e Instituto de Oncología Vall d'Hebron (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Cobo
- Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Santiago Viteri
- Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell. Hospital Universitario Quiron Dexeus, Grupo QuironSalud, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Barquín
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Laza-Briviesca
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Sierra-Rodero
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edwin R. Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Beatriz Sanchez-Espiridion
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pedro Rocha
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignacio I. Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Atocha Romero
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Calvo
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Provencio
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.,Corresponding Authors: Alberto Cruz-Bermúdez, Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación, Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid 28222, Spain. E-mail: ; and Mariano Provencio,
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Provencio M, Nadal E, Insa A, Campelo MG, Pereiro D, Domine M, Majem M, Abreu DR, Martinez-Marti A, De Castro J, Cobo M, Vivanco GL, Del Barco E, Bernabé R, Viñolas N, Barneto I, Viteri S, Pereira E, Royuela A, Casarrubios M, Salas C, Parra E, Wistuba I, Calvo V, Laza - Briviesca R, Romero A, Massuti B, Cruz A. OA20.01 Long Term Survival in Operable Stage Iiia Nsclc Patients Treated With Neoadjuvant Nivolumab Plus Chemotherapy - Nadim Study. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Romero A, Nadal E, Serna R, Insa A, Campelo MG, Benito C, Domine M, Majem M, Abreu DR, Martinez-Marti A, De Castro J, Cobo M, Vivanco GL, Del Barco E, Bernabé R, Viñolas N, Barneto I, Viteri S, Pereira E, Royuela A, Casarrubios M, Calvo V, Laza - Briviesca R, Massuti B, Cruz A, Sánchez-Herrero E, Provencio M. OA20.02 Pre-Treatment Levels of ctDNA for Long-Term Survival Prediction in Stage IIIA NSCLC Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemo-Immunotherapy. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Conde E, Hernandez S, Caminoa A, Benito A, Martinez R, Alonso M, Jimenez B, Boni V, Remon J, Pijuan L, Clave S, Arriola E, Esteban I, De Castro J, Sansano I, Felip E, Abdulkader I, Garcia J, Rojo F, Domine M, Teixido C, Reguart N, Compañ D, Insa A, Mancheño N, Palanca S, Juan O, Baixeras N, Nadal E, Cebollero M, Calles A, Martin P, Salas C, Provencio M, Aranda I, Massuti B, Lopez-Vilaro L, Majem M, Enguita A, Paz-Ares L, Garrido P, Lopez-Rios F. MA14.02 RET Fusion Testing in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Patients: the RETING Study. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sierra-Rodero B, Cruz-Bermúdez A, Nadal E, Garitaonaindía Y, Insa A, Mosquera J, Casal-Rubio J, Dómine M, Majem M, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Martinez-Marti A, De Castro Carpeño J, Cobo M, López Vivanco G, Del Barco E, Bernabé Caro R, Viñolas N, Barneto Aranda I, Viteri S, Massuti B, Laza-Briviesca R, Casarrubios M, García-Grande A, Romero A, Franco F, Provencio M. Clinical and molecular parameters associated to pneumonitis development in non-small-cell lung cancer patients receiving chemoimmunotherapy from NADIM trial. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e002804. [PMID: 34446577 PMCID: PMC8395363 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumonitis (Pn) is one of the main immune-related adverse effects, having a special importance in lung cancer, since they share affected tissue. Despite its clinical relevance, Pn development remains an unpredictable treatment adverse effect, whose mechanisms are mainly unknown, being even more obscure when it is associated to chemoimmunotherapy. METHODS In order to identify parameters associated to treatment related Pn, we analyzed clinical variables and molecular parameters from 46 patients with potentially resectable stage IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy included in the NADIM clinical trial (NCT03081689). Pn was defined as clinical or radiographic evidence of lung inflammation without alternative diagnoses, from treatment initiation to 180 days. RESULTS Among 46 patients, 12 developed Pn (26.1%). Sex, age, smoking status, packs-year, histological subtype, clinical or pathological response, progression-free survival, overall survival and number of nivolumab cycles, were not associated to Pn development. Regarding molecular parameters at diagnosis, Pn development was not associated to programmed death ligand 1, TPS, T cell receptor repertoire parameters, or tumor mutational burden. However, patients who developed Pn had statistically significant lower blood median levels of platelet to monocyte ratio (p=0.012) and teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 (p=0.013; area under the curve (AUC) 0.801), but higher median percentages of natural killers (NKs) (p=0.019; AUC 0.786), monocytes (p=0.017; AUC 0.791), MSP (p=0.006; AUC 0.838), PARN (p=0.017; AUC 0.790), and E-Cadherin (p=0.022; AUC 0.788). In addition, the immune scenario of Pn after neoadjuvant treatment involves: high levels of neutrophils and NK cells, but low levels of B and T cells in peripheral blood; increased clonality of intratumoral T cells; and elevated plasma levels of several growth factors (EGF, HGF, VEGF, ANG-1, PDGF, NGF, and NT4) and inflammatory cytokines (MIF, CCL16, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, BMP-4, and u-PAR). CONCLUSIONS Although statistically underpowered, our results shed light on the possible mechanisms behind Pn development, involving innate and adaptative immunity, and open the possibility to predict patients at high risk. If confirmed, this may allow the personalization of both, the surveillance strategy and the therapeutic approaches to manage Pn in patients receiving chemoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Sierra-Rodero
- Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Cruz-Bermúdez
- Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernest Nadal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell Program, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yago Garitaonaindía
- Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- Medical Oncology, INCLIVA, Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Mosquera
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Dómine
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Majem
- Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Delvys Rodriguez-Abreu
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Canarias, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Cobo
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Malaga, Andalucía, Spain
| | | | - Edel Del Barco
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Viñolas
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | | | - Santiago Viteri
- Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell. Hospital Universitario Quiron Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bartomeu Massuti
- Medical Oncology, Alicante General University Hospital, Alicante, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Laza-Briviesca
- Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Casarrubios
- Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu García-Grande
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Atocha Romero
- Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Franco
- Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Provencio
- Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Garrido P, Paz-Ares L, Majem M, Morán T, Trigo JM, Bosch-Barrera J, Garcίa-Campelo R, González-Larriba JL, Sánchez-Torres JM, Isla D, Viñolas N, Camps C, Insa A, Juan Ó, Massuti B, Paredes A, Artal Á, López-Brea M, Palacios J, Felip E. LungBEAM: A prospective multicenter study to monitor stage IV NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations using BEAMing technology. Cancer Med 2021; 10:5878-5888. [PMID: 34296539 PMCID: PMC8419773 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of LungBEAM was to determine the value of a novel epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation test in blood based on BEAMing technology to predict disease progression in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with first- or second-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Another goal was to monitor the dynamics of EGFR mutations, as well as to track EGFR exon 20 p.T790M (p.T790M) resistance during treatment, as critical indicators of therapeutic efficacy and patient survival. METHODS Stage IV NSCLC patients with locally confirmed EGFR-TKI sensitizing mutations (ex19del and/or L858R) in biopsy tissue who were candidates to receive first- or second-generation EGFR-TKI as first-line therapy were included. Plasma samples were obtained at baseline and every 4 weeks during treatment until a progression-free survival (PFS) event or until study completion (72-week follow-up). The mutant allele fraction (MAF) was determined for each identified mutation using BEAMing. RESULTS A total of 68 of the 110 (61.8%) patients experienced a PFS event. Twenty-six patients (23.6%) presented with an emergent p.T790M mutation in plasma at some point during follow-up, preceding radiologic progression with a median of 76 (interquartile ratio: 54-111) days. Disease progression correlated with the appearance of p.T790M in plasma with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48-2.54; p < 0.001). The HR for progression in patients showing increasing plasma sensitizing mutation levels (positive MAF slope) versus patients showing either decreasing or unchanged plasma mutation levels (negative or null MAF slopes) was 3.85 (95% CI, 2.01-7.36; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Detection and quantification of EGFR mutations in circulating tumor DNA using the highly sensitive BEAMing method should greatly assist in optimizing treatment decisions for advanced NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Garrido
- Medical Oncology Department, IRYCIS Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and i+12 Research Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Lung Cancer Group, Clinical Research Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Majem
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital De La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Lung Cancer Group (GECP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Morán
- Spanish Lung Cancer Group (GECP), Barcelona, Spain.,ICO Badalona, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Trigo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Joaquim Bosch-Barrera
- Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Dolores Isla
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Núria Viñolas
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Camps
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Óscar Juan
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bartomeu Massuti
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alfredo Paredes
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ángel Artal
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta López-Brea
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - José Palacios
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.,Pathology Department, IRYCIS Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Felip
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Riudavets M, Bosch-Barrera J, Cabezón-Gutiérrez L, Diz Taín P, Hernández A, Alonso M, Blanco R, Gálvez E, Insa A, Mielgo X, Morán T, Ponce S, Roa D, Sánchez JM, Majem M. Efficacy of nintedanib plus docetaxel in patients with refractory advanced epidermal growth factor receptor mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:2560-2567. [PMID: 34292495 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02661-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-angiogenic agents are reported to exert clinical activity in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We evaluated the outcomes of the combination of docetaxel plus nintedanib in refractory NSCLC patients harboring EGFR mutations. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 19 patients with advanced EGFR-mutant NSCLC who had progressed to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and platinum-based chemotherapy receiving docetaxel and nintedanib at 14 Spanish institutions from January 2013 to December 2019. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests were used to evaluate progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Median age was 58.9 years (range 42.8-81), 73.7% were female. All patients were Caucasian, and 73.7% were never or light smokers. The baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) was 0-1 in 94.7% of patients. All patients had adenocarcinoma. Brain and liver metastases were present in 47.4% and 31.6% of patients, respectively. The most common EGFR mutations were exon 19 deletion (52.6%) and exon 21 L858R mutation (36.8%); 47.4% patients presented the EGFR T790M. 94.8% of the patients had received 2-3 previous treatment lines. Docetaxel was administered at 75 mg/m2/3 weeks to 16 patients, at 60 mg/m2 to 2 patients and at 45 mg/m2 to one patient. Nintedanib was given until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity at 200 mg twice daily except in 2 patients who received 150 mg twice daily and one patient who received 100 mg/12 h. With a median follow-up of 11.4 months (1-38), the median PFS was 6.1 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.9-7.3] and the median OS 10.1 months (95% CI 5.9-14.3). The objective response rate (ORR) was 44.4% (23.7-66.8%) and the disease control rate (DCR) 72.2% (49.4-88.5%). Efficacy tended to be greater in patients with the acquired T790M who had received osimertinib, with a median PFS of 6.3 (95% CI 2.1-10.5) versus (vs.) 4.8 (95% CI 3.5-6.1) and a median OS of 12.3 months (95% CI 8.6-16.0) vs. 6.7 months (95% CI 3.9-9.4), although this tendency was not statistically significant (p = 0.468 and p = 0.159, respectively). Sixteen patients (84.2%) had a total of 34 adverse events (AEs), with a median of two (0-6) AEs per patient. The most frequent AEs were asthenia (20.6%) and diarrhea (20.6%). One treatment-related death due to portal thrombosis was reported. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the combination of docetaxel and nintedanib can be considered to be an effective treatment for EGFR TKI-resistant EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Riudavets
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Sant Quintí, 89, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Bosch-Barrera
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Diz Taín
- Medical Oncology Department, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Hernández
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO Group), Institut Investigació Germans Trias I Pujol (IGTP), Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Alonso
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Remei Blanco
- Medical Oncology Department, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Gálvez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General de Elda, Alicante, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Xabier Mielgo
- Medical Oncology Department, Fundación Hospital Universitario de Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Morán
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO Group), Institut Investigació Germans Trias I Pujol (IGTP), Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Ponce
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Roa
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Manacor, Manacor, Spain
| | - José Miguel Sánchez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Majem
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Sant Quintí, 89, 08041, Barcelona, Spain.
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Provencio M, Serna-Blasco R, Nadal E, Insa A, Garcia-Campelo MR, Corbacho DP, Domine M, Majem M, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Martinez-Marti A, de Castro J, Cobo M, Lopez-Vivanco G, del Barco E, Bernabe R, Viñolas N, Barneto I, Viteri S, Pereira E, Royuela A, Casarrubios M, Salas C, Parra ER, Wistuba I, Calvo V, Laza-Briviesca R, Massuti B, Cruz-Vermudez A, Romero A. Abstract 560: High levels of baseline ctDNA constitute a poor prognostic factor in progression-free survival in patients receiving neo-adjuvant chemo-immunotherapy: Results from NADIM clinical trial. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
There is growing evidence supporting that long-term survival of neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy for locally advanced NSCLC patients can be achieved. However, some patients invariably progress within the short-term. Identification of patients at high risk of progression is needed to achieve a better control of the disease. Concentrations of baseline ctDNA have been shown to be of prognostic significance.
Patients and methods 42 pre-treatment plasma samples from the NADIM clinical trial (NCT03081689), in which resectable stage IIIA NSCLC patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy with Nivolumab, were analyzed by NGS, using the Oncomine Pan-Cancer Cell-Free Assay™ (Thermo Fisher Scientific®). Variant calling, annotation and filtering were performed on the Ion Reporter (v5.14) platform using the OncomineTagSeq Pan-Cancer Liquid Biopsy workflow (v2.3). The final variant matrix was obtained from vcf files as generated from Ion Reporter (v5.14) platform and applying an internal pipeline (R-code is available upon request). Progression disease was evaluated by RECIST criteria V1.1.
Results A total of 116 variants were detected in 88.10% (N=37) of the plasma samples collected before neoadjuvant treatment. The average number of variants detected per sample was 3.13. The most frequently mutated genes were TP53, which accounts for 59.52% of the detected variants, followed by PIK3CA (30.95%), MAP2K1 (30.95%), APC (23.81%), MTOR (9.52%) and KIT (9.52%). Patients in whom a GNA11 mutation was detected in the plasma sample by NGS showed worsen progression free survival (PFS) (HR: 14. 95%; CI: 2.6-71, P-value with Fold Discovery Rate correction: 0.019). Finally, ctDNA levels at Mutant Allele Frequency (MAF) below 1% at baseline were associated with improved PFS (P=0.025). At 30 months, PFS was 80.30% for these patients compared with 58.33% in patients with ctDNA levels ≥ 1%.
Conclusions Molecular profiling of liquid biopsies collected before neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy using NGS can identify patients at high risk of progression who might require more aggressive adjuvant treatment in order to achieve a better control of the disease.
Citation Format: Mariano Provencio, Roberto Serna-Blasco, Ernest Nadal, Amelia Insa, M. Rosario Garcia-Campelo, Diego Pereiro Corbacho, Manuel Domine, Margarita Majem, Delvys Rodriguez-Abreu, Alex Martinez-Marti, Javier de Castro, Manuel Cobo, Guillermo Lopez-Vivanco, Edel del Barco, Reyes Bernabe, Nuria Viñolas, Isidoro Barneto, Santiago Viteri, Eva Pereira, Ana Royuela, Marta Casarrubios, Clara Salas, Edwin R Parra, Ignacio Wistuba, Virginia Calvo, Raquel Laza-Briviesca, Bartomeu Massuti, Alberto Cruz-Vermudez, Atocha Romero. High levels of baseline ctDNA constitute a poor prognostic factor in progression-free survival in patients receiving neo-adjuvant chemo-immunotherapy: Results from NADIM clinical trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 560.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ernest Nadal
- 2Institut Catala d'Oncologia, Hospitalet LLobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- 3Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Domine
- 6Hospital Universitario Fundación JiménezDíaz, IIS- FJD, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Manuel Cobo
- 11Hospital Universitario Regional de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Reyes Bernabe
- 14Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Santiago Viteri
- 17Instituto Oncologico Dr. Rosell, Hospital Univeristari Dexeus-Quiron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Royuela
- 1Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Clara Salas
- 1Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edwin R Parra
- 19University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ignacio Wistuba
- 20University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center,, Houston, TX
| | - Virginia Calvo
- 1Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Atocha Romero
- 1Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Laza‐Briviesca R, Cruz‐Bermúdez A, Nadal E, Insa A, García‐Campelo MDR, Huidobro G, Dómine M, Majem M, Rodríguez‐Abreu D, Martínez‐Martí A, De Castro Carpeño J, Cobo M, López Vivanco G, Del Barco E, Bernabé Caro R, Viñolas N, Barneto Aranda I, Viteri S, Massuti B, Casarrubios M, Sierra‐Rodero B, Tarín C, García‐Grande A, Haymaker C, Wistuba II, Romero A, Franco F, Provencio M. Blood biomarkers associated to complete pathological response on NSCLC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy included in NADIM clinical trial. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e491. [PMID: 34323406 PMCID: PMC8288017 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy is being tested in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and achieving higher rates of complete pathological responses (CPR) as compared to standard of care. Early identification of CPR patients has vital clinical implications. In this study, we focused on basal peripheral immune cells and their treatment-related changes to find biomarkers associated to CPR. METHODS Blood from 29 stage IIIA NSCLC patients participating in the NADIM trial (NCT03081689) was collected at diagnosis and post neoadjuvant treatment. More than 400 parameters of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) phenotype and plasma soluble factors were analyzed. RESULTS Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy altered more than 150 immune parameters. At diagnosis, 11 biomarkers associated to CPR were described, with an area under the ROC curve >0.70 and p-value <.05. CPR patients had significantly higher levels of CD4+ PD-1+ cells, NKG2D, and CD56 expression on T CD56 cells, intensity of CD25 expression on CD4+ CD25hi+ cells and CD69 expression on intermediate monocytes; but lower levels of CD3+ CD56- CTLA-4+ cells, CD14++ CD16+ CTLA-4+ cells, CTLA-4 expression on T CD56 cells and lower levels of b-NGF, NT-3, and VEGF-D in plasma compared to non-CPR. Post treatment, CPR patients had significantly higher levels of CD19 expression on B cells, BCMA, 4-1BB, MCSF, and PARC and lower levels of MPIF-1 and Flt-3L in plasma compared to non-CPR. CONCLUSIONS Patients achieving CPR seem to have a distinctive peripheral blood immune status at diagnosis, even showing different immune response to treatment. These results reinforce the different biology behind CPR and non-CPR responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Laza‐Briviesca
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro‐Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA)Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro‐MajadahondaMadridSpain
- Doctoral SchoolUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Alberto Cruz‐Bermúdez
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro‐Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA)Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro‐MajadahondaMadridSpain
| | - Ernest Nadal
- Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet De LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Amelia Insa
- Fundación INCLIVAHospital Clínico Universitario de ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | | | | | - Manuel Dómine
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez DíazMadridSpain
| | | | | | - Alex Martínez‐Martí
- Hospital Universitario e Instituto de Oncología Vall d´Hebron (VHIO)BarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Manuel Cobo
- Hospital Universitario Regional de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Santiago Viteri
- Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Hospital Universitario Quiron DexeusGrupo QuironSaludBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Marta Casarrubios
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro‐Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA)Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro‐MajadahondaMadridSpain
- Doctoral SchoolUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Belén Sierra‐Rodero
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro‐Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA)Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro‐MajadahondaMadridSpain
- Doctoral SchoolUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Carlos Tarín
- Bioinformatics UnitInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro‐Segovia de AranaMadridSpain
| | - Aránzazu García‐Grande
- Flow Cytometry Core FacilityInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro‐Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA)MadridSpain
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Departments of Translational Molecular PathologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Ignacio I. Wistuba
- Departments of Translational Molecular PathologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Atocha Romero
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro‐Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA)Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro‐MajadahondaMadridSpain
| | - Fernando Franco
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro‐Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA)Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro‐MajadahondaMadridSpain
| | - Mariano Provencio
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro‐Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA)Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro‐MajadahondaMadridSpain
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Martínez MT, Montón-Bueno J, Simon S, Ortega B, Moragon S, Roselló S, Insa A, Navarro J, Sanmartín A, Julve A, Buch E, Peña A, Franco J, Martínez-Jabaloyas J, Marco J, Forner MJ, Cano A, Silvestre A, Teruel A, Lluch A, Cervantes A, Chirivella Gonzalez I. Ten-year assessment of a cancer fast-track programme to connect primary care with oncology: reducing time from initial symptoms to diagnosis and treatment initiation. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100148. [PMID: 33989988 PMCID: PMC8136438 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Integrating different levels of care by implementing screening programmes, extending diagnostic tools and applying therapeutic advances may increase survival. We implemented a cancer fast-track programme (CFP) to shorten the time between suspected cancer symptoms, diagnosis and therapy initiation. Patients and methods Descriptive data were collected from the 10 years since the CFP was implemented (2009-2019) at the Clinico-Malvarrosa Health Department in Valencia, Spain. General practitioners (GPs), an oncology coordinator and 11 specialists designed guidelines for GP patient referral to the CFP, including criteria for breast, digestive, gynaecological, lung, urological, dermatological, head and neck, and soft tissue cancers. Patients with enlarged lymph nodes and constitutional symptoms were also considered. On identifying patients with suspected cancer, GPs sent a case proposal to the oncology coordinator. If criteria were met, an appointment was quickly made with the patient. We analysed the timeline of each stage of the process. Results A total of 4493 suspected cancer cases were submitted to the CFP, of whom 4019 were seen by the corresponding specialist. Cancer was confirmed in 1098 (27.3%) patients: breast cancer in 33%, urological cancers in 22%, gastrointestinal cancer in 19% and lung cancer in 15%. The median time from submission to cancer testing was 11 days, and diagnosis was reached in a median of 19 days. Treatment was started at a median of 34 days from diagnosis. Conclusions The findings of this study show that the interval from GP patient referral to specialist testing, cancer diagnosis and start of therapy can be reduced. Implementation of the CFP enabled most patients to begin curative intended treatment, and required only minimal resources in our setting. Our CFP easily connects GPs and hospital specialists. Our CFP shortens assessment time in patients with suspected cancer, adding to quality care. Our CFP decreases emotional stress in patients without cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Martínez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Montón-Bueno
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Simon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - B Ortega
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Moragon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Roselló
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Insa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Navarro
- Management Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública), Centro Nacional de Epidemiología del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Sanmartín
- Management Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Julve
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - E Buch
- Department of Surgery, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Peña
- Department of Medicine Digestive, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Franco
- Department of Pneumology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Martínez-Jabaloyas
- Department of Urology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Marco
- Department of Otolaryngology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M J Forner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Cano
- Department of Gynecology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Silvestre
- Department of Traumatology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Teruel
- Department of Hematology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Lluch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Cervantes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - I Chirivella Gonzalez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Laza Briviesca R, Nadal E, Casarrubios M, Insa A, Sierra-Rodero B, Garcia Campelo M, Huidobro G, Dómine Gómez M, Massuti B, Majem M, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Martinez-Marti A, De Castro Campeño J, Cobo Dols M, López Vivanco G, Del Barco E, Bernabé Caro R, Viñolas N, Barneto I, Viteri S, Cruz-Bermudez A, Provencio M. FP12.09 Molecular Insight into NADIM Clinical Trial: Potential Immune Biomarkers of Pathological Response for NSCLC Patients. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cruz-Bermudez A, Casarrubios M, Briviesca RL, Nadal E, Insa A, Mosquera J, Huidobro G, Gómez MD, Massuti B, Tarruella MM, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Martinez-Marti A, De Castro Campeño J, Dols MC, Vivanco GL, Del Barco E, Caro RB, Viñolas N, Barneto I, Viteri S, Jove M, Romero A, Franco F, Provencio M. P60.07 TMB and Selected Mutations in Resectable Stage IIIA NSCLC Patients Receiving Neo-Adjuvant Chemo-Immunotherapy from NADIM Trial. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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33
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Romero A, Jantus-Lewintre E, García-Peláez B, Royuela A, Insa A, Cruz P, Collazo A, Pérez Altozano J, Vidal OJ, Diz P, Cobo M, Hernández B, Vázquez Estevez S, Benítez G, Guirado M, Majem M, Bernabé R, Ortega AL, Blasco A, Bosch-Barrera J, Jurado JM, García González J, Viteri S, Garcia Giron C, Massutí B, Lopez Martín A, Rodriguez-Festa A, Calabuig-Fariñas S, Molina-Vila MÁ, Provencio M. Comprehensive cross-platform comparison of methods for non-invasive EGFR mutation testing: results of the RING observational trial. Mol Oncol 2020; 15:43-56. [PMID: 33107189 PMCID: PMC7782072 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several platforms for noninvasive EGFR testing are currently used in the clinical setting with sensitivities ranging from 30% to 100%. Prospective studies evaluating agreement and sources for discordant results remain lacking. Herein, seven methodologies including two next‐generation sequencing (NGS)‐based methods, three high‐sensitivity PCR‐based platforms, and two FDA‐approved methods were compared using 72 plasma samples, from EGFR‐mutant non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients progressing on a first‐line tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). NGS platforms as well as high‐sensitivity PCR‐based methodologies showed excellent agreement for EGFR‐sensitizing mutations (K = 0.80–0.89) and substantial agreement for T790M testing (K = 0.77 and 0.68, respectively). Mutant allele frequencies (MAFs) obtained by different quantitative methods showed an excellent reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficients 0.86–0.98). Among other technical factors, discordant calls mostly occurred at mutant allele frequencies (MAFs) ≤ 0.5%. Agreement significantly improved when discarding samples with MAF ≤ 0.5%. EGFR mutations were detected at significantly lower MAFs in patients with brain metastases, suggesting that these patients risk for a false‐positive result. Our results support the use of liquid biopsies for noninvasive EGFR testing and highlight the need to systematically report MAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atocha Romero
- Liquid Biopsy Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.,Mixed Unit TRIAL, Príncipe Felipe Research Center & General University Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation, Spain.,Biotechnology Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
| | - Beatriz García-Peláez
- Laboratory of Oncology/Pangaea Oncology, Quirón-Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Royuela
- Biostatistics Unit, CIBERESP, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Ana Collazo
- Hospital Universitario Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Pilar Diz
- Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, Spain
| | - Manuel Cobo
- Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Gretel Benítez
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Maria Guirado
- Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jose M Jurado
- Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Santiago Viteri
- Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Hospital Universitario Dexeus, Grupo Quiron Salud, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Alejandro Rodriguez-Festa
- Liquid Biopsy Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Calabuig-Fariñas
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.,Mixed Unit TRIAL, Príncipe Felipe Research Center & General University Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Universitat de València, Spain
| | | | - Mariano Provencio
- Liquid Biopsy Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Provencio M, Nadal E, Insa A, García-Campelo MR, Casal-Rubio J, Dómine M, Majem M, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Martínez-Martí A, De Castro Carpeño J, Cobo M, López Vivanco G, Del Barco E, Bernabé Caro R, Viñolas N, Barneto Aranda I, Viteri S, Pereira E, Royuela A, Casarrubios M, Salas Antón C, Parra ER, Wistuba I, Calvo V, Laza-Briviesca R, Romero A, Massuti B, Cruz-Bermúdez A. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and nivolumab in resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NADIM): an open-label, multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2020; 21:1413-1422. [PMID: 32979984 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is terminal in most patients with locally advanced stage disease. We aimed to assess the antitumour activity and safety of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for resectable stage IIIA NSCLC. METHODS This was an open-label, multicentre, single-arm phase 2 trial done at 18 hospitals in Spain. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older with histologically or cytologically documented treatment-naive American Joint Committee on Cancer-defined stage IIIA NSCLC that was deemed locally to be surgically resectable by a multidisciplinary clinical team, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1. Patients received neoadjuvant treatment with intravenous paclitaxel (200 mg/m2) and carboplatin (area under curve 6; 6 mg/mL per min) plus nivolumab (360 mg) on day 1 of each 21-day cycle, for three cycles before surgical resection, followed by adjuvant intravenous nivolumab monotherapy for 1 year (240 mg every 2 weeks for 4 months, followed by 480 mg every 4 weeks for 8 months). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival at 24 months, assessed in the modified intention-to-treat population, which included all patients who received neoadjuvant treatment, and in the per-protocol population, which included all patients who had tumour resection and received at least one cycle of adjuvant treatment. Safety was assessed in the modified intention-to-treat population. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03081689, and is ongoing but no longer recruiting patients. FINDINGS Between April 26, 2017, and Aug 25, 2018, we screened 51 patients for eligibility, of whom 46 patients were enrolled and received neoadjuvant treatment. At the time of data cutoff (Jan 31, 2020), the median duration of follow-up was 24·0 months (IQR 21·4-28·1) and 35 of 41 patients who had tumour resection were progression free. At 24 months, progression-free survival was 77·1% (95% CI 59·9-87·7). 43 (93%) of 46 patients had treatment-related adverse events during neoadjuvant treatment, and 14 (30%) had treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or worse; however, none of the adverse events were associated with surgery delays or deaths. The most common grade 3 or worse treatment-related adverse events were increased lipase (three [7%]) and febrile neutropenia (three [7%]). INTERPRETATION Our results support the addition of neoadjuvant nivolumab to platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with resectable stage IIIA NSCLC. Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy could change the perception of locally advanced lung cancer as a potentially lethal disease to one that is curable. FUNDING Bristol-Myers Squibb, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernest Nadal
- Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- Fundación INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Dómine
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Alex Martínez-Martí
- Hospital Universitario e Instituto de Oncología Vall d'Hebron (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Cobo
- Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Santiago Viteri
- Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Hospital Universitari Dexeus-Grupo Quironsalud, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Royuela
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Edwin R Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ignacio Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Virginia Calvo
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Atocha Romero
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Garcia-Campelo R, Arrieta O, Massuti B, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Granados ALO, Majem M, Vicente D, Lianes P, Bosch-Barrera J, Insa A, Dómine M, Reguart N, Guirado M, Sala MÁ, Vázquez-Estevez S, Caro RB, Drozdowskyj A, Verdú A, Karachaliou N, Molina-Vila MA, Rosell R. Combination of gefitinib and olaparib versus gefitinib alone in EGFR mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A multicenter, randomized phase II study (GOAL). Lung Cancer 2020; 150:62-69. [PMID: 33070053 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Progression-free survival (PFS) and response rate to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) varies in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) driven byEGFR mutations, suggesting that other genetic alterations may influence oncogene addiction. Low BRCA1 mRNA levels correlate with longer PFS in erlotinib-treated EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients. Since the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, olaparib, may attenuate and/or prevent BRCA1 expression, the addition of olaparib to gefitinib could improve outcome in EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS GOAL was a multicenter, randomized phase IB/II study performed in two countries, Spain and Mexico. Eligible patients were 18 years or older, treatment-naïve, pathologically confirmed stage IV NSCLC, with centrally confirmed EGFR mutations and measurable disease. Patients were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive gefitinib 250 mg daily or gefitinib 250 mg daily plus olaparib 200 mg three times daily in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was PFS. Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), response rate, safety and tolerability. RESULTS Between September 2013, and July 2016, 182 patients underwent randomization, 91 received gefitinib and 91 received gefitinib plus olaparib. There were no differences in gender, age, smoking status, performance status, presence of bone and brain metastases or type ofEGFR mutation. Median PFS was 10.9 months (95 % CI 9.3-13.3) in the gefitinib arm and 12.8 months (95 % CI 9.1-14.7) in the gefitinib plus olaparib arm (HR 1.38, 95 % CI 1.00-1.92; p = 0.124). The most common adverse events were anemia, 78 % in gefitinib plus olaparib group, 38 % in gefitinib arm, diarrhea, 65 % and 60 %, and fatigue, 40 % and 32 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The gefitinib plus olaparib combination did not provide significant benefit over gefitinib alone. The combination's safety profile showed an increase in hematological and gastrointestinal toxicity, compared to gefitinib alone, however, no relevant adverse events were noted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - David Vicente
- Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Joaquim Bosch-Barrera
- Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) and Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Dómine
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Reguart
- Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana Drozdowskyj
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute and Hospital (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Ana Verdú
- Spanish Lung Cancer Group Office, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Niki Karachaliou
- Laboratory of Oncology/Pangaea Oncology, Quiron Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Rosell
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute and Hospital (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.
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Vicente-Baz D, Paredes A, Morán T, Massuti B, Reguart N, Álvarez R, Insa A, Juan-Vidal O, Artal Á, Esteban E, García-Campelo R, Ortega-Granados AL, Diz P, González-Larriba JL, Terrasa J, de Las Peñas R, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Callejo Á, Márquez G, Provencio M. ASTRIS, a large real-world study to evaluate the efficacy of osimertinib in epidermal growth factor receptor T790M mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer patients: Clinical characteristics and genotyping methods in a Spanish cohort. Rev Esp Patol 2020; 53:140-148. [PMID: 32650965 DOI: 10.1016/j.patol.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osimertinib has proven efficacy in EGFR T790M mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients; however, its benefits have not been evaluated in a real-world setting. METHODS ASTRIS is a single-arm, open-label, multinational study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of osimertinib for the treatment of EGFR T790M mutation-positive NSCLC. We present the study design and preliminary cut-off analysis results (as of October 2017) describing the baseline characteristics and methodology for T790M mutation detection in the Spanish cohort. RESULTS The Spanish cohort included 131 patients from a total 3014 patients. Forty patients (28.1%) were still undergoing therapy at the time of cut-off; 68.7% were women and 97.7% were Caucasian, with a mean age of 64.8 (SD 11.7) years. The most common type of sample for evaluating T790M mutations was tissue (55.0%), and samples were obtained from the primary tumor in 61.1% of cases. Mutation analysis was performed by the local laboratory in 60.3% of cases and using the Roche Cobas® EGFR assay in 43.5% of cases. CONCLUSIONS ASTRIS is expected to confirm the benefits of osimertinib in a real-world setting. Data on real-world practices for the detection of the EGFR T790M mutation may provide additional information for the designing of guidelines for best practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teresa Morán
- ICO - Badalona Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), IGTP, B-ARGOS, Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | - Rosa Álvarez
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Ángel Artal
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Emilio Esteban
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | - Pilar Diz
- Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, Spain
| | | | - Josefa Terrasa
- Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Mariano Provencio
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain.
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Cruz Bermudez A, Casarrubios M, Laza Briviesca R, Sierra-Rodero B, Barquin M, Romero A, Franco F, Calvo V, Nadal E, Insa A, Garcia-Campelo R, Casal J, Domine M, Massuti B, Majem M, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Martinez-Marti A, De Castro J, Provencio-Pulla M. Peripheral blood T-cell receptor immune repertoire characterization of resectable stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving neo-adjuvant chemo-immunotherapy treatment from NADIM study. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.9041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
9041 Background: Characterization of the peripheral blood T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire has become a novel approach to predict the clinical benefit to anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy. However, there is lack of knowledge about the clinical relevance of TCR repertoire in terms of pathological response and clinical outcomes (PFS and OS) in chemo-immunotherapy. To answer this question we have analysed samples from the NADIM study (NCT03081689), in which resectable stage IIIA NSCLC patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy with Nivolumab. Methods: Using ION Torrent-based next-generation sequencing we have analysed TCR repertoire of peripheral blood from 30 patients receiving chemo-immunotherapy. Using 25ng of total RNA from PBMCs, clonal convergence, evenness and diversity were calculated at diagnosis (pre-treatment) and after 3 cycles of Nivolumab plus carboplatin (post-treatment). Regarding pathological responses, patients were classified in 3 groups: complete response (pCR) (0% viable tumour at the resection specimen), mayor response (pMR) ( < 10% viable tumour) and incomplete response (pIR) ( > 10% of viable tumour). At data analysis, PFS and OS median follow-up times were longer than 20 months. Results: No statistically significant differences in TCR repertoire in terms of evenness (p = 0,373), diversity (p = 0,691) or convergence (p = 0,054) between pre- and post-neoadjuvant treatment were observed. Similarly, no significant differences were observed in these metrics between pathological response groups. However, a detailed analysis of the clones showed that the percentage of frequent clones (greater than 0.1%) that increase after neoadjuvant therapy does show differences between the different pathological response groups (pIR vs pMR), being elevated in patients who presented responses greater than 90% (p = 0.0385). Regarding the clinical benefit, having this parameter higher than the median (43,90% in this cohort) is associated with a higher PFS (p = 0.0490) and OS (p = 0.078) using KM Log-rank test. Conclusions: Evenness, Diversity and Convergence derived from immune repertoire analysis do not appear to be clinically useful in the context of neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy in lung cancer. However, the detailed analysis of the clones seems promising. The increase of the most frequent clones after treatment seems to be associated to different clinical variables such as pathological response and PFS in these patients. Clinical trial information: NCT03081689.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cruz Bermudez
- Instituto Investigacion Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Casarrubios
- Instituto Investigacion Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Laza Briviesca
- Instituto Investigacion Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belen Sierra-Rodero
- Instituto Investigacion Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Barquin
- Instituto Investigacion Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Atocha Romero
- Liquid Biopsy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Franco
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Calvo
- Instituto Investigacion Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernest Nadal
- Institut Català d’Oncologia, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Domine
- Oncology Department and Translational Oncology Division, University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Margarita Majem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alex Martinez-Marti
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d´Hebron University Hospital/Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier De Castro
- Translational Oncology Unit at Medical Oncology Division, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdipAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Provencio-Pulla
- Instituto Investigacion Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Romero A, Molina-Vila MA, Jantus-Lewintre E, Insa A, Cruz P, Collazo A, Perez Altozano J, Juan-Vidal O, Diz P, Cobo M, Hernandez B, Vazquez-Estevez S, Benitez G, Guirado M, Rodriguez-Festa A, Calabuig-Fariñas S, Rosell R, Camps C, Royuela A, Provencio-Pulla M. Comprehensive cross-platform comparison of methodologies for noninvasive EGFR mutation testing: Results of the RING observational trial. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e21518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e21518 Background: Several platforms for non-invasive EGFR testing are currently used in the clinical setting, with sensitivities ranging from 30 to 100%. Comparison studies in prospective cohorts remain limited and reports evaluating mutant allelic fractions (MAFs) are particularly scarce. The RING observational trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03363139) was designed to comprehensively analyze the concordance between methodologies for EGFR mutation detection in blood. Methods: Seventy-two EGFR mutant NSCLC patients were enrolled in the trial. Plasma samples were prospectively collected at progression to first line Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor and tested for EGFR mutations by 7 methodologies; cobas EGFR Mutation Test v2, Therascreen EGFR Plasma RGQ PCR Kit, QuantStudio 3D Digital PCR System, a 5-nuclease real-time PCR assay in presence of PNA, OncoBEAM EGFR and NGS with two different gene panels, Ion Torrent Oncomine and GeneRead QIAact Lung DNA UMI Cancer Panel. Results: The agreement between all methodologies for was almost perfect for the detection of deletions in exon 19 (K = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.76-0.96) and substantial for exon 21 point mutations (K = 0.76; 95%CI: 0.63-0.89). Regarding the p.T790M resistance mutation, concordance was lower but still substantial (K = 0.68; 95%CI: 0.57-0.79). If only NGS-based technologies were considered, the agreement was almost perfect for sensitizing mutations and substantial for the resistance mutation (K = 0.84; 95%CI: 0.68-1.00, K = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.69-1.00 and K = 0.77; 95%CI: 0.60-0.95 for exon 19, exon 21 and p.T790M, respectively). Most discordant samples between methodologies had mutant allele fractions (MAFs) ≤0.5%. Sensitizing mutations were always present at higher MAFs than concomitant p.T790M, explaining the lower concordance observed for this variant. MAFs obtained by different methodologies showed an excellent reproducibility (intraclass correlation coeficients 0.85-0.97). Similarly, Passing–Bablok regression analysis showed a high correlation between methodologies when assessing MAFs. Conclusions: Our results support the use of liquid biopsies for non-invasive EGFR testing in the clinical setting and highlight the need to systematically report MAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atocha Romero
- Liquid Biopsy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Molina-Vila
- Pangaea Oncology, Quirón-Dexeus University Hospital, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, FIHGUV, CIBERONC, Departamento de Biotecnología, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Cruz
- Department of Medical Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Collazo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Clara Campal (CIOCC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Pilar Diz
- University Health Care Complex of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Manuel Cobo
- UGC Oncología Intercentros, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria de Malaga, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Berta Hernandez
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Medical Oncology, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Gretel Benitez
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, CA, Spain
| | - Maria Guirado
- Clinical Oncology Department, Hospital General de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rodriguez-Festa
- Liquid Biopsy Laboratory, Instituto Investigacion Sanitaria Puerta De Hierro-Segovia De Arana, Hospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Calabuig-Fariñas
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, FIHGUV, CIBERONC, Departamento de Biotecnología, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Camps
- Medical Oncology Department, General University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain, Department of Medicine, Universitat de Valencia (CIBERONC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Royuela
- Instituto Investigacion Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Provencio-Pulla
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Gambardella V, Insa A, Cejalvo JM, Cervantes A. In the literature: December 2019. ESMO Open 2020; 5:S2059-7029(20)30021-1. [PMID: 31958287 PMCID: PMC7003377 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gambardella
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan-Miguel Cejalvo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Cervantes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain .,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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40
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Michels S, Massuti Sureda B, Schildhaus HU, Franklin J, Sebastian M, Felip E, Grohe C, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Bischoff H, Carcereny Costa E, Corral Jaime J, Insa A, Reck M, Scheffler M, Karachaliou N, Merkelbach-Bruse S, Nogova L, Büttner R, Rosell R, Wolf J. Crizotinib in patients with advanced or metastatic ROS1-rearranged lung cancer (EUCROSS): A European phase II clinical trial – Updated progression-free survival, overall survival and mechanisms of resistance. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz260.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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41
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Provencio M, Nadal E, Insa A, Campelo RG, Casal J, Domine M, Majem M, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Martinez-Marti A, De Castro Carpeno J, Cobo M, López-Vivanco G, Del Barco E, Bernabe R, Viñolas N, Barneto I, Viteri S, Martorell PM, Jove M, De Juan VC, Massuti B. OA13.05 NADIM Study: Updated Clinical Research and Outcomes. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Becker JH, Gao Y, Soucheray M, Pulido I, Kikuchi E, Rodríguez ML, Gandhi R, Lafuente-Sanchis A, Aupí M, Alcácer Fernández-Coronado J, Martín-Martorell P, Cremades A, Galbis-Caravajal JM, Alcácer J, Christensen CL, Simms P, Hess A, Asahina H, Kahle MP, Al-Shahrour F, Borgia JA, Lahoz A, Insa A, Juan O, Jänne PA, Wong KK, Carretero J, Shimamura T. CXCR7 Reactivates ERK Signaling to Promote Resistance to EGFR Kinase Inhibitors in NSCLC. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4439-4452. [PMID: 31273063 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although EGFR mutant-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are clinically effective, acquired resistance can occur by reactivating ERK. We show using in vitro models of acquired EGFR TKI resistance with a mesenchymal phenotype that CXCR7, an atypical G protein-coupled receptor, activates the MAPK-ERK pathway via β-arrestin. Depletion of CXCR7 inhibited the MAPK pathway, significantly attenuated EGFR TKI resistance, and resulted in mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. CXCR7 overexpression was essential in reactivation of ERK1/2 for the generation of EGFR TKI-resistant persister cells. Many patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring an EGFR kinase domain mutation, who progressed on EGFR inhibitors, demonstrated increased CXCR7 expression. These data suggest that CXCR7 inhibition could considerably delay and prevent the emergence of acquired EGFR TKI resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. SIGNIFICANCE: Increased expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR7 constitutes a mechanism of resistance to EGFR TKI in patients with non-small cell lung cancer through reactivation of ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey H Becker
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Yandi Gao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Margaret Soucheray
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Ines Pulido
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Eiki Kikuchi
- First department of Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - María L Rodríguez
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Rutu Gandhi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | | | - Miguel Aupí
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Cremades
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario de la Ribera, Alzira, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M Galbis-Caravajal
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Universitario de la Ribera, Alzira, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Alcácer
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Quirónsalud Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Camilla L Christensen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Ludwig Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia Simms
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Ashley Hess
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Hajime Asahina
- First department of Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Michael P Kahle
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Fatima Al-Shahrour
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeffrey A Borgia
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Agustín Lahoz
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar Juan
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Julian Carretero
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Takeshi Shimamura
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. .,University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
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Michels S, Massutí B, Schildhaus HU, Franklin J, Sebastian M, Felip E, Grohé C, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Abdulla DS, Bischoff H, Brandts C, Carcereny E, Corral J, Dingemans AMC, Pereira E, Fassunke J, Fischer RN, Gardizi M, Heukamp L, Insa A, Kron A, Menon R, Persigehl T, Reck M, Riedel R, Rothschild SI, Scheel AH, Scheffler M, Schmalz P, Smit EF, Limburg M, Provencio M, Karachaliou N, Merkelbach-Bruse S, Hellmich M, Nogova L, Büttner R, Rosell R, Wolf J. Safety and Efficacy of Crizotinib in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic ROS1-Rearranged Lung Cancer (EUCROSS): A European Phase II Clinical Trial. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:1266-1276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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44
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Michels SYF, Franklin J, Massuti B, Sebastian M, Schildhaus HU, Felip E, Grohe C, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Bischoff H, Carcereny E, Corral J, Dingemans AMC, Insa A, Reck M, Rothschild S, Smit EF, Provencio M, Büttner R, Rosell R, Wolf J. Crizotinib in patients with advanced or metastatic ROS1-rearranged lung cancer (EUCROSS): A European phase II clinical trial–Updated report on progression-free and overall survival. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.9066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
9066 Background: ROS1 rearrangements are found in 1% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Early clinical trials in the US and East Asia have proven the therapeutic efficacy of crizotinib in this subset of patients. EUCROSS is the first prospective European trial to evaluate the acitivity of crizotinib in ROS1-positive lung cancer. Here we present an updated analysis of the investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Methods: EUCROSS is a multi-centre, single arm phase 2 trial (NCT02183870). Key eligibility criteria: ≥18 years of age, advanced/metastatic lung cancer, centrally confirmed ROS1-rearranged (fluorescence-in situ hybridisation). Treatment with crizotinib was initiated at a dose of 250 mg twice daily. Primary endpoint of the trial: investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR) in the response-evaluable population (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1). Key endpoints of this report: updated PFS and OS and updated molecular characterization of tumour tissue. Results: Thirty-four patients received treatment with crizotinib and were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Four patients were excluded from the primary endpoint analysis due to violation of eligibility criteria (response-evaluable set, N = 30). Median follow-up period was 44.9 months. At the time of data cut-off for this report 19 patients (63%) discontinued treatment due to progression or death. Investigator ORR was 70% (95% CI, 51–85; 21/30), disease control rate was 90% (95% CI, 73.5-97.9; 27/30) and median PFS was 19.4 months (95% CI, 10.1-31.2). Median OS was not reached, but 24-months-OS probability was 66% (95% CI, 48.3-82.9). Tissue of 18 patients was available for hybrid-capture-based sequencing. Co-occurring genetic aberrations were found in 61% (11/18). TP53 mutations were most frequent (28%; 5/18). PFS (24-months probability, TP53-mut. 0% vs. TP53 wild-type (wt) 61%; p = 0.0219) and OS (24-months, TP53-mut. 40% vs. TP53 wt 83%; p = 0.015) were significantly shorter in TP53-mutant patients. Differences in OS and PFS stratified by number of prior treatment lines (0-1 vs. > = 2), brain metastases (yes vs. no) or CD74-rearrangement ( CD74- ROS1 vs. other fusion type) status were not significant. Conclusions: Updated PFS and OS results show that crizotinib is highly effective in ROS1-rearranged lung cancer. Co-occurring TP53 mutations were associated with a significantly worse outcome. Clinical trial information: NCT02183870.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Yves Friedrich Michels
- Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Dept. for Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jeremy Franklin
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Christian Grohe
- Department for Pneumology, Berlin Evangelical Lung Clinic, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Enric Carcereny
- Medical Oncology Department. Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, B.ARGO GROUP Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jesús Corral
- Department of Oncology. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Amelia Insa
- Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martin Reck
- LungenClinic, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Sacha Rothschild
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Egbert F. Smit
- Vrije Universiteit VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Reinhard Büttner
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain and Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain and Institute of Oncology Rosell (IOR), University Hospital Sagrat Cor, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juergen Wolf
- Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Dept. for Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
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Provencio M, Nadal E, Insa A, Garcia-Campelo R, Casal Rubio J, Domine M, Majem M, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Martinez Marti A, Cobo M, Lopez-Vivanco G, del Barco E, Bernabé R, Vinolas N, Barneto I, Viteri S, Martín-Martorell P, Jove M, Franco F, Massuti B. Neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy for the treatment of stage IIIA resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A phase II multicenter exploratory study—Final data of patients who underwent surgical assessment. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.8509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
8509 Background: Patients with stage IIIA (N2 or T4N0) are potentially curable but median overall survival is only around 15 months and complete pathologic response with conventional chemotherapy (CT) is no more than 9%. Methods: A Phase II, single-arm, open-label multicenter study of resectable stage IIIA N2-NSCLC adult patients with CT plus IO as a neoadjuvant treatment: three cycles of Nivolumab (NV) 360mg IV Q3W + paclitaxel 200mg/m2 + carboplatin AUC 6 IV Q3W followed by adjuvant NV treatment for 1 year. After complete neoadjuvant therapy, tumor assessment is performed prior to surgery. Surgery is performed in the 3rd or 4th week after day 21 of the third cycle of neoadjuvant treatment. The study aims to recruit 46 pts. The primary endpoint is Progression-Free Survival (PFS) at 24 months. Efficacy is explored using objective pathologic response criteria. We present final data on all patients included in this study that underwent surgical assessment. Results: At the time of submission, 46 pts had been included and 41 had undergone surgery. CT-IO was well-tolerated and surgery was not delayed in any patient. None of the pts withdrew from the study preoperatively due to progression or toxicity. 41 surgeries had been performed and all tumors were deemed resectable, with R0 resection in all cases. 34 pts (83%) achieved major pathologic response (MPR) (CI 95% 71-95%), and 24 (71%) of them had a complete pathologic response (CPR) (CI 95% 54-87%). Downstaging was seen in 90% (CI 95% 81-100%) of cases. By RECIST, 29 pts (71%) (CI 95% 56-85%) had partial response and 3 (7%) (CI 95% 0-16%) complete response. Conclusions: This is the first multicentric study to CT-IO in the neoadjuvant setting in stage IIIA. Neoadjuvant CT-IO with nivolumab in resectable IIIA NSCLC yields a high complete pathologic response rate that has never been seen previously and unsuspected by RECIST criteria. Preliminary correlative analyses in blood samples are included in a separate abstract. EudraCT Number: 2016-003732-20. Clinical trial information: NCT 03081689.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernest Nadal
- Institut Català d’Oncologia, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Domine
- Oncology Department and Translational Oncology Division, University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Alex Martinez Marti
- Vall d´Hebron University Hospital /Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Cobo
- Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Elvira del Barco
- Medical Oncology Department, Salamanca University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Jove
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, l’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabio Franco
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda-Madrid, Spain
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Laza Briviesca R, Cruz Bermudez A, Barquin M, Nadal E, Insa A, Garcia-Campelo R, De Dios Alvarez N, Domine M, Massuti B, Majem M, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Martinez Marti A, Cobo M, Lopez-Vivanco G, del Barco E, Bernabé R, Vinolas N, Barneto I, Viteri S, Provencio-Pulla M. Haematological biomarkers of pathological response on neo-adjuvant chemo-immunotherapy treatment for resectable stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e20026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e20026 Background: PD1/PDL1 treatments have become the main therapy in advanced stages of NSCLC due to its significant increase in overall survival (OS), but recently, combination with chemotherapy in locally advanced stages is showing promising results. Many studies have described the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelets-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as indicator of systemic inflammation, that could be use as biomarker of response to immunotherapy. In our study, we described the effect of neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy in Complete Blood Count (CBC) parameters and evaluated their relationship with pathological responses. Methods: Immune cell populations of 46 resectable stage IIIA NSCLC patients treated with neo-adjuvant chemo-immunotherapy from NADIM clinical trial were analysed. Samples were extracted before initiating the neo-adjuvant treatment with nivolumab plus carboplatin and at the third cycle before patients underwent surgery. We classified patients in 3 subgroups of pathological response assessed in the resection specimen: complete response (pCR), mayor response (< 10% viable tumour) and incomplete response (> 10% viable tumour). Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U statistic test were used to evaluated differences between pre and post treatment and between pathological responses groups respectively. Results: From 46 patients, 5 patients did not undergo surgery, so they were excluded from the analysis. Absolute numbers (x103cells/µl) of CBC were significantly reduced after neo-adjuvant treatment in patients, leucocytes (8.80 vs 6.64), Eosinophil (0.22 vs 0.15), Monocytes (0.72 vs 0.62), Neutrophils (5.53 vs 3.53), Haemoglobin (35.82 vs 29.68), Platelets (292.44 vs 227.22), NLR (2.73 vs 1.71) and PLR (143.34 vs 115.85) except Lymphocytes (2.22 vs 2.25) and Basophils (0.06 vs 0.05). Moreover, when the analysis was done by subgroups of pathological responses, PLR variation was significantly different between pCR and incomplete response (-21.33 vs -76.98) whereas NLR and the rest of the immune populations were no different between subgroups. Conclusions: In our study, NLR is not associated to chemo-immune neo-adjuvant treatment response. Nevertheless, in our cohort a higher decrease on PLR post neo-adjuvant treatment is associated to an incomplete pathological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Laza Briviesca
- Instituto Investigacion Sanitaria Puerta De Hierro-Segovia De Arana, Hospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Sudan
| | - Alberto Cruz Bermudez
- Instituto Investigacion Sanitaria Puerta De Hierro-Segovia De Arana, Hospital Universitario Puerta De Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Barquin
- Hospital universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Ernest Nadal
- Institut Català d’Oncologia, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Domine
- Oncology Department and Translational Oncology Division, University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Alex Martinez Marti
- Vall d´Hebron University Hospital /Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Cobo
- Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Elvira del Barco
- Medical Oncology Department, Salamanca University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain
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Insa A, Gambardella V, Cervantes A. In the literature: February 2019. ESMO Open 2019; 4:e000490. [PMID: 30962957 PMCID: PMC6435238 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Insa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Valentina Gambardella
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés Cervantes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain
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Majem M, Juan O, Insa A, Reguart N, Trigo JM, Carcereny E, García-Campelo R, García Y, Guirado M, Provencio M. SEOM clinical guidelines for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (2018). Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 21:3-17. [PMID: 30446985 PMCID: PMC6339680 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for up to 85% of all lung cancers. The last few years have seen the development of a new staging system, diagnostic procedures such as liquid biopsy, treatments like immunotherapy, as well as deeper molecular knowledge; so, more options can be offered to patients with driver mutations. Groups with specific treatments account for around 25% and demonstrate significant increases in overall survival, and in some subgroups, it is important to evaluate each treatment alternative in accordance with scientific evidence, and even more so with immunotherapy. New treatments similarly mean that we must reconsider what should be done in oligometastatic disease where local treatment attains greater value.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Majem
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - O. Juan
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - A. Insa
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - N. Reguart
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. M. Trigo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - E. Carcereny
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia Badalona-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - R. García-Campelo
- Medical Oncology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, Coruña, Spain
| | - Y. García
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
| | - M. Guirado
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - M. Provencio
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Pulido I, Becker J, Aupi M, Cañaveras JCG, Alcacer J, Rodríguez M, Martín P, Perales J, Aparisi S, Chulia L, Lafuente A, Alcoriza M, Mena S, Pereda J, Galbis-Carabajal J, Insa A, Juan O, Al-Shahrour F, Pino MSD, Lahoz A, Shimamura T, Carretero J. Abstract LB-099: Metabolic vulnerabilities of mesenchymal-like EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells with acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-lb-099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Despite the availability of the effective targeted therapies in lung cancer, such as EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), drug tolerance and acquired resistance are two common problems that negatively impact lung cancer patient survival. Consequently it is important to understand the molecular basis of the drug tolerance and resistance so that we could formulate effective strategies to ameliorate the efficacy of existing drug and to suppress the emergence of drug resistance. A burgeoning body of literature demonstrated that epigenetic changes by the methylation of DNA and histones are critical in acquired drug resistance, especially in those cancer cells with stem cell-like properties and epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT)-like features. EMT involves multiple and complex changes in the epigenome and therefore in the transcriptome, the proteome and the metabolome. However, in the context of NSCLC, there are no comprehensive studies linking epigenomic and metabolic reprogramming during EMT and the acquisition of drug resistance.
One-carbon metabolic pathway is composed of the folate and methionine cycle, generating S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), which is the universal methyl donor for methylation reactions, including histone and DNA methylation. Interestingly, it has been demonstrated that the overexpression of specific methyl-transferases, such as NNMT, which catalyzes the transfer of the methyl group from SAM to nicotinamide, can impact the methylation potential of cancer cells, draining methyl groups from the methionine cycle and thereby decreasing protein and DNA methylation. Strikingly, NNMT depletion has been shown to restore methylation potential and attenuate the aggressive nature of several cancer cell lines with NNMT overexpression. However, its contribution to lung cancer progression and the drug resistance is still unknown.
In this work we have discovered that NNMT is a poor prognosis factor and is significantly correlated with mesenchymal-like phenotypes in publicly available NSCLC clinical databases. We have generated multiple EGFR-TKI acquired resistant NSCLC models with EMT phenotype and utilized a multi-omic approach on the clinically-relevant resistant cell lines to identified that NNMT overexpression affects the nicotinamide pathway leading to deficient nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) synthesis. This new cancer vulnerability of TKI-resistant, mesenchymal-like NSCLC cells is druggable using NAD depleting agents such as daporinad, a NAMPT inhibitor in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and melanoma. Additionally, the quantitative measurement of the metabolite signature of the nicotinamide pathway in liquid biopsies may correlate with poor prognosis of TKI-treated patients, and emerges as a potential biomarker of TKI response and tumor progression in NSCLC patients. Based on these evidences and tools, we propose that targeting nicotinamide pathway may serve as a therapeutic tool for sensitizing drug-resistant NSCLC cells with an EMT phenotype to currently available treatments.
Citation Format: Ines Pulido, Jeff Becker, Miguel Aupi, Juan Carlos García Cañaveras, Javier Alcacer, María Rodríguez, Paloma Martín, Javier Perales, Salvador Aparisi, Lourdes Chulia, Arantxa Lafuente, Maribel Alcoriza, Salvador Mena, Javier Pereda, José Galbis-Carabajal, Amelia Insa, Oscar Juan, Fatima Al-Shahrour, Manuel Sanchez del Pino, Agustín Lahoz, Takeshi Shimamura, Julian Carretero. Metabolic vulnerabilities of mesenchymal-like EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells with acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-099.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Pulido
- 1University of Valencia, School Of Pharmacy, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Jeff Becker
- 2Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Miguel Aupi
- 1University of Valencia, School Of Pharmacy, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | | | - María Rodríguez
- 1University of Valencia, School Of Pharmacy, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Lourdes Chulia
- 1University of Valencia, School Of Pharmacy, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | - Maribel Alcoriza
- 3Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Mena
- 1University of Valencia, School Of Pharmacy, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Javier Pereda
- 1University of Valencia, School Of Pharmacy, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | - Amelia Insa
- 5Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar Juan
- 3Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Agustín Lahoz
- 3Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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50
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Provencio-Pulla M, Nadal-Alforja E, Cobo M, Insa A, Costa Rivas M, Majem M, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Lopez-Vivanco G, Domine M, Del Barco Morillo E, Massuti B, Campelo RG, Martinez Marti A, Bernabé R, Franco F, Jove M, Arrabal R, Martin P, Casal J, Calvo V. Neoadjuvant chemo/immunotherapy for the treatment of stages IIIA resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A phase II multicenter exploratory study—NADIM study-SLCG. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.8521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuel Cobo
- Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Manuel Domine
- Oncology Department and Translational Oncology Division, University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Reyes Bernabé
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando Franco
- Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jove
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, l’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Arrabal
- Thoracic Surgery Hospital Universitario Carlos Haya, Malaga, Spain
| | | | - Joaquin Casal
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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