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Prasanna Arvind TR, Ramasamy N, Subramanian AK, Selvaraj A, Siva S. Three-dimensional volumetric evaluation of root resorption in maxillary anteriors following en-masse retraction with varying force vectors - a randomized control trial. Orthod Craniofac Res 2024; 27:211-219. [PMID: 37553952 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root resorption in orthodontics is associated with direction and magnitude of force application as primary etiological factors. Well-controlled trials that utilize three-dimensional segmentation to detect volumetric changes in tooth structure are required to assess the quantitative nature of root resorption. OBJECTIVE To assess the severity of root resorption (RR) during retraction of maxillary anteriors with three different force vectors (with and without skeletal anchorage) via cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) superimpositions. TRIAL DESIGN Three-arm parallel randomized clinical trial (RCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two (16 males, 26 females) patients, (17-28 years), in permanent dentition with bimaxillary protrusion were randomly allocated to three groups of 14 patients each using block randomization (1:1:1 ratio) and allocation concealment. En-masse anterior retraction post first premolar extractions was carried out with modified force vectors in the three groups based on anchorage type [Molar, Mini-implant and Infrazygomatic crest (IZC) bone screws]. Volumetric root loss and linear dimensional changes were blindly assessed on initial (T0) and final (T1, end of space closure) CBCT scans. Normality distribution of values was done using Shapiro-Wilk's test. ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey HSD test were done to compare measurements between groups at significance levels (P < .05). RESULTS Forty patients were analysed (14, 14, and 12 in three groups). Significant volumetric loss was noted in all groups. Central incisors demonstrated a significant reduction in IZC group (81.5 ± 21.1 mm3 ) compared to conventional (50.1 ± 26.5 mm3 ) and mini-implant groups (76.1 ± 27.6 mm3 ). Canines demonstrated a significant reduction in mini-implant group (108.9 ± 33.9 mm3 ) compared to conventional (68.8 ± 42.5 mm3 ) and IZC groups (103.1 ± 29.1 mm3 ). Regarding linear parameters, central incisors and canines revealed significant root length reduction in both skeletal anchorage groups. Lateral incisors showed no significant changes between groups. CONCLUSIONS Intrusive force vectors generated during skeletally anchored retraction can predispose anteriors to an increased risk of resorption. Greater loss of root volume was noted in the centrals and canines when retracted with skeletal anchorage. LIMITATIONS Small sample size and variations during CBCT acquisition. HARMS Low-dose CBCT scans were taken at T0 and T1 treatment intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Prasanna Arvind
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - N Ramasamy
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - A K Subramanian
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - A Selvaraj
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - S Siva
- Department of Orthodontics, SRM Dental College, SRM University, Chennai, India
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Surie D, Sathyanarayanan MK, Lavanya J, Smith JP, Shanmugam SK, Tamilzhalagan S, Selvaraj A, Ramesh G, Tripathy S, Khaparde SD, Ho CS, Hall-Eidson PJ, Ranganathan UDK, Selvaraju S, Moonan PK. Long-term follow-up of persons diagnosed with multidrug-resistant TB in Chennai, India, 2013-2020. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2024; 28:54-56. [PMID: 38178300 PMCID: PMC10859871 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.23.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Surie
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - M K Sathyanarayanan
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai
| | - J Lavanya
- Chennai Municipal Corporation, Chennai
| | - J P Smith
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - S K Shanmugam
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai
| | - S Tamilzhalagan
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai
| | - A Selvaraj
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai
| | - G Ramesh
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai
| | - S Tripathy
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai
- Dr. D Y Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune
| | - S D Khaparde
- Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Directorate of Health Services - Central TB Division, New Delhi, India
| | - C S Ho
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - P J Hall-Eidson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - U D K Ranganathan
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai
| | - S Selvaraju
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai
| | - P K Moonan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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Selvaraj A, Saravana Dinesh SP, Sivakumar A, Arvind TRP, Albar DH, Alshehri A, Awadh W, Alzahrani KJ, Halawani IF, Alshammeri S, Baeshen HA, Patil S. Evaluation of scanning accuracy for two commercially available intraoral scanners in reproducing orthodontic bracket dimensions. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:7898-7906. [PMID: 37750618 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202309_33548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the scanning accuracy of two different intra-oral scanners- MEDIT i500 and TRIOS 3 shape in reproducing orthodontic bracket dimensions. MATERIALS AND METHODS This in vivo cross-sectional study comprised seven subjects with a full complement of permanent dentition without third molars. Complete arch scanning was carried out with two intraoral scanners, such as MEDIT i500, TRIOS 3 shape, after bonding with brackets. The control group consisted of bracket dimensions measured directly by using Vernier calipers before bonding. Bracket dimensions of three-dimensional (3D) images were measured by using OrthoAnalyzer software. The accuracy of intraoral scanning was investigated by comparing bracket dimensions among the three groups using One-way ANOVA and Post-Hoc Tukey HSD test, and by evaluating outcomes for each quadrant and an individual tooth in complete-arch scans. RESULTS When comparing bracket dimensions of 3D images with manual measurements using a traditional Vernier caliper, MEDIT i500 showed no significant difference when compared to the control group (p>0.05) in full arch scanning as well as the quadrant and single tooth scans in complete arch scanning. TRIOS 3 shape showed a significant difference when compared to the control and MEDIT i500 group (p<0.05) for all parameters. CONCLUSIONS MEDIT i500 showed higher accuracy and better reproduction of orthodontic bracket dimensions than TRIOS 3 shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Selvaraj
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
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Selvamani N, Shanmugasundaram RA, Selvaraj A, Ranganathan G, Abraham S, Kirubakaran A. In Vitro Comparison of Loss of Torque between Gold and Titanium Alloy Abutment Screws in Dental Implants without Any Cyclic Loads. J Contemp Dent Pract 2022; 23:801-806. [PMID: 37283014 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To find and compare the amount of screw loosening in gold and titanium alloy abutment screws without any cyclic load, this study was performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 20 implant fixture screw samples with 10 gold abutment screws from Osstem and 10 titanium alloy abutment screws from Genesis. Implant fixtures were placed into the acrylic resin using a surveyor to maintain the same path of insertion. Using a hex driver and calibrated torque wrench, initial torque was given according to the manufacturer's recommendation. One vertical and other horizontal lines were drawn over the head of the hex driver and resin block. Acrylic block position was standardized using a putty index in a fixed table and using a tripod stand a digital single-lens reflex camera (DSLR) camera was positioned with its horizontal arm facing the floor, as well as perpendicular to the acrylic box. Photographs were taken immediately after the application of the initial torque given as per the manufacturer's recommendation and 10 minutes after the initial torque. Re-torque of 30 and 35 N cm was given to gold and titanium alloy abutment screws respectively. Photographs were taken again in that same position immediately after re-torquing and 3 hours after re-torquing. The photographs were uploaded into the Fiji-win64 analysis software and the angulations were measured in each photograph. RESULTS Both the gold and titanium alloy abutment screws exhibited screw loosening after initial torquing. There was a significant difference in the amount of screw loosening between gold and titanium alloy abutment screws after initial torquing and no change in the abutment screw position after three hours of re-torquing. CONCLUSION Re-torquing of both gold and titanium alloy abutment screws after 10 minutes of initial torquing should be performed routinely for retaining the preload and minimizing the screw loosening even before loading the implant fixture. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Gold abutment screws may have the ability to retain the preload better than the titanium alloy abutment screws after initial torquing, re-torquing may be necessary after 10 minutes to reduce the settling effect in a routine clinical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithyapriya Selvamani
- Department of Prosthodontics, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India, Phone: +91 9080096491, e-mail:
| | | | - Anand Selvaraj
- Department of Prosthodontics, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gayathri Ranganathan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Ora Care Dental Clinic, Ranipet, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sonia Abraham
- Department of Prosthodontics, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Kirubakaran
- Department of Prosthodontics, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Liao Y, Chan YT, Molakaseema V, Selvaraj A, Chen HT, Wang YM, Choo YM, Kao CL. Facile Solid-Phase Synthesis of Well-Defined Defect Lysine Dendrimers. ACS Omega 2022; 7:22896-22905. [PMID: 35811872 PMCID: PMC9260950 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An efficient solid-phase method has been reported to prepare well-defined lysine defect dendrimers. Using orthogonally protected lysine residues, pure G2 to G4 lysine defect dendrimers were prepared with 48-95% yields within 13 h. Remarkably, high-purity products were collected via precipitation without further purification steps. This method was applied to prepare a pair of 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid-decorated defect dendrimers (16 and 17), which possessed the same number of boronic acids. The binding affinity of 16, in which the ε-amines of G1 lysine are fractured, for glucose and sorbitol was 4 times that of 17. This investigation indicated the role of allocation and distribution of peripheries for the dendrimer's properties and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liao
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung
Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ting Chan
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung
Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Vijayasimha Molakaseema
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung
Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Anand Selvaraj
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung
Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Chen
- Department
of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung
University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- Department
of Biological Science and Technology, National
Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Institute
of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Center
for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yeun-Mun Choo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chai-Lin Kao
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung
Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Drug
Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department
of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University
Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- College
of Professional Studies, National Pingtung
University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
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Zhao X, Joshi JJ, Aird D, Karr C, Yu K, Huang C, Colombo F, Virrankoski M, Prajapati S, Selvaraj A. Combined inhibition of FGFR4 and VEGFR signaling enhances efficacy in FGF19 driven hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:2733-2743. [PMID: 35812049 PMCID: PMC9251677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive liver malignancy that is difficult to treat with no approved biomarker based targeted therapies. FGF19-FGFR4 signaling blockade has been recently identified as a promising avenue for treatment of a subset of HCC patients. Using HCC relevant xenograft and PDX models, we show that Lenvatinib, an approved multi-kinase inhibitor, strongly enhanced the efficacy of FGFR4 inhibitor H3B-6527. This enhanced combination effect is not due to enhanced FGFR4 inhibition and it is likely due to cell non-autonomous VEGFR activity of Lenvatinib. This cell non-autonomous mode of action was further supported by strong in vivo combination efficacy with the mouse specific VEGFR2 antibody, DC101, which cannot cell-autonomously inhibit pathways in human xenografts. Mechanistic studies showed that the combination resulted in enhanced efficacy through increased anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorigenic activities. Overall, our results indicate that this combination can be a highly effective treatment option for FGF19 driven HCC patients, and provide preclinical validation of a combination that can be readily tested in the clinical setting.
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7
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Cardiliya AP, Selvaraj A, Nanjan MJ, Chandrasekar MJN. Based Natural Products as Quorum Sensing Inhibitors in E. Coli: A Critical Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:1380-1394. [PMID: 34720078 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666211101155150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The existence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) E .coli (superbugs) is a global health issue confronting humans, livestock, food processing units, and pharmaceutical industries. The quorum sensing (QS) controlling ability of the E .coli to form biofilms has become one of the important reasons for the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. Quorum signaling activation and formation of biofilm lead to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance of the pathogens increasing the therapy difficulty for treating bacterial diseases. There is a crucial need, therefore, to reinforce newer therapeutic designs to overcome this resistance. As the infections caused by E .coli are attributed via the QS-regulated biofilm formation, easing this system by QS inhibitors is a possible strategy for treating bacterial diseases. Plant based natural products have been reported to bind to QS receptors and interrupt the QS systems of pathogens by inhibiting biofilm formation and disrupting the formed biofilms, thus minimizing the chances to develop a resistance mechanism. The present report reviews critically the QS capability of E .coli to form biofilms leading to multidrug resistant pathogens and the investigations that have been carried out so far on plant acquired natural products as QS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Cardiliya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS college of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris-643001, Tamil Nadu. India
| | - A Selvaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS college of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris-643001, Tamil Nadu. India
| | - M J Nanjan
- Masi Consultants, 128, Vijayanagar Palace road, Ooty, Nilgiris-643001, Tamil Nadu. India
| | - M J N Chandrasekar
- School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (Ooty Campus), Longwood, Mysuru Road, Ooty-643001, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu. India
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Molakaseema V, Selvaraj A, Chen HT, Chen YW, Liu YC, Kao CL. Simple and Rapid Synthesis of Branched Peptides through Microwave-Assisted On-Bead Ligation. J Org Chem 2021; 87:1-9. [PMID: 34677067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A rapid on-bead convergent method for preparing branched peptides was reported. Linear peptides were prepared on Dbz resin and ligated various branched cores, including lysine dendrons and other dendritic compounds. Alongside microwave irradiation, <1.5 equiv of peptides is sufficient to afford 50-65% yields of pure branched peptides without chromatographic purification. Remarkably, the desired compounds were prepared within hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayasimha Molakaseema
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Anand Selvaraj
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wei Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chang Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chai-Lin Kao
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.,College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
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Yao S, Nguyen TV, Rolfe A, Agrawal AA, Ke J, Peng S, Colombo F, Yu S, Bouchard P, Wu J, Huang KC, Bao X, Omoto K, Selvaraj A, Yu L, Ioannidis S, Vaillancourt FH, Zhu P, Larsen NA, Bolduc DM. Abstract 2334: Discovery of selective inhibitors of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS1) to modulate cancer relevant metabolic pathways. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase 1 (CPS1) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in ammonia detoxification through the urea cycle, generating carbamoyl phosphate from ammonia, bicarbonate and ATP. CPS1 is overexpressed in several cancers, including LKB1-deficient non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), where its activity has been proposed to support tumor growth by generating carbamoyl phosphate for use in pyrimidine synthesis. In other cancers, CPS1 has been reported to remove toxic ammonia from growing tumors to allow for sustained growth. Currently, no small molecule inhibitors of CPS1 have been identified, limiting researcher's ability to dissect the involvement of CPS1 function in cancer biology.
We describe here the discovery of the first known small molecule inhibitors of CPS1. From a high throughput screen, we identify two chemical series, which achieve inhibition of CPS1 by blocking bicarbonate phosphorylation in the first step of carbamoyl phosphate synthesis. Biochemical experiments reveal inhibition of bicarbonate phosphorylation occurs through competition between inhibitor and ATP. High-resolution co-crystal structures demonstrate that these novel inhibitors bind to a previously unidentified allosteric pocket located between the integrating domain and carbamate synthetase domain of CPS1. This allosteric mechanism of action allows for highly selective CPS1 inhibition, with no inhibition of CPS2 observed. Analogs with increased potency were developed, which are able to inhibit CPS1 cellular activity, blocking both urea production and the CPS1-mediated pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in cultured cells. These novel CPS1 inhibitors are valuable, first-in-class tools for probing CPS1 biology. We will also discuss the opportunity to utilize these novel inhibitors of CPS1, along with genetic approaches, to probe the functional roles of CPS1 in LKB1-deficient NSCLC.
Citation Format: Shihua Yao, Tuong-Vi Nguyen, Alan Rolfe, Anant A. Agrawal, Jiyuan Ke, Shouyong Peng, Federico Colombo, Sean Yu, Patricia Bouchard, Jiayi Wu, Kuan-Chun Huang, Xingfeng Bao, Kiyoyuki Omoto, Anand Selvaraj, Lihua Yu, Stephanos Ioannidis, Frédéric H. Vaillancourt, Ping Zhu, Nicholas A. Larsen, David M. Bolduc. Discovery of selective inhibitors of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS1) to modulate cancer relevant metabolic pathways [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2334.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sean Yu
- 2RMI Laboratories, North Wales, PA
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Macarulla T, Moreno V, Chen LT, Sawyer MB, Goyal L, Muñoz Martín AJ, Sheng-Shun Y, Le Sourd S, Morris J, Fuchs M, Karasic TB, Kang YK, Yong WP, Selvaraj A, Destenaves B, Xiao JA, Gomez R, Gualberto A, Pipas JMM, Finn RS. Phase I study of H3B-6527 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.4090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4090 Background: Evidence suggests that hyperactivated fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGFR4) signaling pathway leads to enhanced tumor growth. Targeting FGFR4 may have therapeutic benefit in tumors with altered FGF19 signaling. A phase I study (NCT02834780) was undertaken to assess H3B-6527, a highly selective covalent FGFR4 inhibitor, in patients with HCC/ICC. Methods: Adults with advanced HCC/ICC, ECOG PS 0-1, well compensated liver function, who progressed after > one prior therapy, received H3B-6527 po daily (QD) or twice-daily (bid) on a 21-day cycle following a 3+3 design. Doses ranged from 300-2000mg QD or 500-700mg BID. Patients in dose escalation were treated regardless of FGF19 status. Patients in expansion had FGF19+ tumors by mRNA testing. Adverse events (AEs), and pharmacokinetics (PK) were assessed. Response was determined by RECIST 1.1/mRECIST imaging every 6 weeks. Results: Study enrollment is complete at 128 patients. Ninety HCC patients were treated (QD = 48, bid = 42). ICC enrollment was suspended after 38 patients due to limited efficacy. No dose-limiting toxicities were seen and no grade 4-5 treatment related AEs have been observed. Recommended Phase II dose for H3B-6527 is 1000mg QD based upon safety, efficacy, and PK data. Grade 3 TEAEs have occurred in 12.5% of patients on QD dosing. Treatment related TEAEs were seen in 62.5% of patients on the QD schedule, with diarrhea (45.8%), fatigue (12.5%), and nausea (12.5%) most frequent. Drug discontinuation due to AEs for QD dosing was 8.3%. Interim data analysis shows that, for HCC patients with >2 prior lines of therapy treated on QD schedule, overall survival was 10.6m, progression-free survival 4.1m, overall response rate 16.7% (all partial responses), and clinical benefit rate 45.8% (responders + durable stable disease >17 weeks). H3B-6527 Cmax and AUC were lower at 300 mg dose but then similar across 500–2000 mg doses. Following oral administration of 1000 mg fasted, H3B-6527 plasma concentration reached peak at a Tmax of ̃2-3 hours and then decayed exponentially, with terminal half-life of ̃4-5 hours. There was no accumulation following QD dose. Dosing with food did not meaningfully change H3B-6527 plasma exposure. Conclusions: H3B-6527 was well tolerated and demonstrated a favorable toxicity and safety profile and encouraging clinical activity in heavily pretreated HCC patients. Final trial results will be presented at conference. Clinical trial information: NCT02834780.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Moreno
- START Madrid-FJD, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Michael B. Sawyer
- Cross Cancer Institute and University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lipika Goyal
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | - Andres J. Muñoz Martín
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Michael Fuchs
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | | | | | - Wei-Peng Yong
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard S. Finn
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Brawn RA, Cook A, Omoto K, Ke J, Karr C, Colombo F, Virrankoski M, Prajapati S, Reynolds D, Bolduc DM, Nguyen TV, Gee P, Borrelli D, Caleb B, Yao S, Irwin S, Larsen NA, Selvaraj A, Zhao X, Ioannidis S. Discovery of Aminopyrazole Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Wild-Type and Gatekeeper Mutant FGFR2 and 3. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:93-98. [PMID: 33488969 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) 2 and 3 have been established as drivers of numerous types of cancer with multiple drugs approved or entering late stage clinical trials. A limitation of current inhibitors is vulnerability to gatekeeper resistance mutations. Using a combination of targeted high-throughput screening and structure-based drug design, we have developed a series of aminopyrazole based FGFR inhibitors that covalently target a cysteine residue on the P-loop of the kinase. The inhibitors show excellent activity against the wild-type and gatekeeper mutant versions of the enzymes. Further optimization using SAR analysis and structure-based drug design led to analogues with improved potency and drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Brawn
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrew Cook
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kiyoyuki Omoto
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jiyuan Ke
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Craig Karr
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Federico Colombo
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Milena Virrankoski
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sudeep Prajapati
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dominic Reynolds
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David M. Bolduc
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tuong-Vi Nguyen
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Patricia Gee
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Deanna Borrelli
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Benjamin Caleb
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shihua Yao
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sean Irwin
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Larsen
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anand Selvaraj
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xuesong Zhao
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephanos Ioannidis
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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12
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Naresh P, Selvaraj A, Shyam Sundar P, Murugesan S, Sathianarayanan S, Namboori P K K, Jubie S. Targeting a conserved pocket (n-octyl-β-D-glucoside) on the dengue virus envelope protein by small bioactive molecule inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:4866-4878. [PMID: 33345726 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1862707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus enters the cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis followed by a viral envelope (DENVE) protein-mediated membrane fusion. A small detergent molecule n-octyl-β-D-glucoside (βOG) occupies the hydrophobic pocket which is located in the hinge region plays a major role in the rearrangement. It has been reported that mutations occurred in this binding pocket lead to the alterations of pH threshold for fusion. In addition to this event, the protonation of histidine residues present in the hydrophobic pocket would also impart the conformational change of the E protein evidence this pocket as a promising target. The present study identified novel cinnamic acid analogs as significant blockers of the hydrophobic pocket through molecular modeling studies against DENVE. A library of seventy-two analogs of cinnamic acid was undertaken for the discovery process of DENV inhibitors. A Molecular docking study was used to analyze the binding mechanism between these compounds and DENV followed by ADMET prediction. Binding energies were predicted by the MMGBSA study. The Molecular dynamic simulation was utilized to confirm the stability of potential compound binding. The compounds CA and SCA derivatives have been tested against HSV-1 & 2 viruses. From the computational results, the compounds CA1, CA2, SCA 60, SCA 57, SCA 37, SCA 58, and SCA 14 exhibited favorable interaction energy. The compounds have in-vitro antiviral activity; the results clearly indicate that the compounds showed the activity against both the viruses (HSV-1 & HSV-2). Our study provides valuable information on the discovery of small molecules DENVE inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Naresh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Tamilnadu, India
| | - A Selvaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P Shyam Sundar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Murugesan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - S Sathianarayanan
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Ponekkara, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Krishnan Namboori P K
- Amrita Molecular Modeling and Synthesis (AMMAS) Research Lab, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Jubie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Tamilnadu, India
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13
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Yao S, Nguyen TV, Rolfe A, Agrawal AA, Ke J, Peng S, Colombo F, Yu S, Bouchard P, Wu J, Huang KC, Bao X, Omoto K, Selvaraj A, Yu L, Ioannidis S, Vaillancourt FH, Zhu P, Larsen NA, Bolduc DM. Small Molecule Inhibition of CPS1 Activity through an Allosteric Pocket. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:259-268.e5. [PMID: 32017919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) catalyzes the first step in the ammonia-detoxifying urea cycle, converting ammonia to carbamoyl phosphate under physiologic conditions. In cancer, CPS1 overexpression supports pyrimidine synthesis to promote tumor growth in some cancer types, while in others CPS1 activity prevents the buildup of toxic levels of intratumoral ammonia to allow for sustained tumor growth. Targeted CPS1 inhibitors may, therefore, provide a therapeutic benefit for cancer patients with tumors overexpressing CPS1. Herein, we describe the discovery of small-molecule CPS1 inhibitors that bind to a previously unknown allosteric pocket to block ATP hydrolysis in the first step of carbamoyl phosphate synthesis. CPS1 inhibitors are active in cellular assays, blocking both urea synthesis and CPS1 support of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, while having no activity against CPS2. These newly discovered CPS1 inhibitors are a first step toward providing researchers with valuable tools for probing CPS1 cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Yao
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tuong-Vi Nguyen
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alan Rolfe
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anant A Agrawal
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jiyuan Ke
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shouyong Peng
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Federico Colombo
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sean Yu
- RMI Laboratories LLC, 418 Industrial Drive, North Wales, PA 19454, USA
| | - Patricia Bouchard
- NMX Research and Solutions, Inc., 500 Cartier Boulevard W., Laval, Quebec H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Jiayi Wu
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kuan-Chun Huang
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xingfeng Bao
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kiyoyuki Omoto
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anand Selvaraj
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lihua Yu
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Ping Zhu
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nicholas A Larsen
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David M Bolduc
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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14
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Nguyen TV, Yao S, Wang Y, Rolfe A, Selvaraj A, Darman R, Ke J, Warmuth M, Smith PG, Larsen NA, Yu L, Zhu P, Fekkes P, Vaillancourt FH, Bolduc DM. The R882H DNMT3A hot spot mutation stabilizes the formation of large DNMT3A oligomers with low DNA methyltransferase activity. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16966-16977. [PMID: 31582562 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
DNMT3A (DNA methyltransferase 3A) is a de novo DNA methyltransferase responsible for establishing CpG methylation patterns within the genome. DNMT3A activity is essential for normal development, and its dysfunction has been linked to developmental disorders and cancer. DNMT3A is frequently mutated in myeloid malignancies with the majority of mutations occurring at Arg-882, where R882H mutations are most frequent. The R882H mutation causes a reduction in DNA methyltransferase activity and hypomethylation at differentially-methylated regions within the genome, ultimately preventing hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and leading to leukemogenesis. Although the means by which the R882H DNMT3A mutation reduces enzymatic activity has been the subject of several studies, the precise mechanism by which this occurs has been elusive. Herein, we demonstrate that in the context of the full-length DNMT3A protein, the R882H mutation stabilizes the formation of large oligomeric DNMT3A species to reduce the overall DNA methyltransferase activity of the mutant protein as well as the WT-R882H complex in a dominant-negative manner. This shift in the DNMT3A oligomeric equilibrium and the resulting reduced enzymatic activity can be partially rescued in the presence of oligomer-disrupting DNMT3L, as well as DNMT3A point mutations along the oligomer-forming interface of the catalytic domain. In addition to modulating the oligomeric state of DNMT3A, the R882H mutation also leads to a DNA-binding defect, which may further reduce enzymatic activity. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the observed loss of DNMT3A activity associated with the R882H hot spot mutation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shihua Yao
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Yahong Wang
- ChemPartner Co., Ltd., 998 Halei Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Alan Rolfe
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | | | | | - Jiyuan Ke
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | | | | | | | - Lihua Yu
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Ping Zhu
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Peter Fekkes
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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15
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Selvaraj A, Lau K, Sotiropoulos G, Dhanji A, Waller D. P1.18-19 Invasive Mediastinal Staging Is Mandatory for Upfront Surgery for N2 Disease. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Mercade TM, Moreno V, John B, Morris JC, Sawyer MB, Yong WP, Gutierrez M, Karasic TB, Sangro B, Sheng-Shun Y, Gentry C, Kim A, Kumar P, MacKenzie C, Rioux N, Schindler J, Selvaraj A, Finn RS. A phase I study of H3B-6527 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patients (pts). J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.4095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4095 Background: FGF19 overexpression is hypothesized to hyperactivate FGFR4 and its downstream signaling pathway leading to enhanced tumor growth in HCC/ICC. Targeting FGFR4 may have therapeutic benefit in HCC/ICC with altered FGF19 signaling. A phase 1 study (NCT02834780) was initiated to assess H3B-6527, an investigational highly selective covalent FGFR4 inhibitor. Methods: Adult pts with advanced HCC or ICC, ECOG PS 0-1, well compensated liver function, and who progressed after at least one prior therapy, were administered H3B-6527 orally QD (once daily) on a 21-day cycle following a 3+3 design. Patients in the dose escalation phase were treated regardless of FGF19 status. Adverse events (AEs), pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) were assessed. Response was determined by RECIST 1.1 or modified RECIST every 6 weeks. Results: As of 06-Jan-2019, 37 pts have been treated with H3B-6527 at doses of 300 to 1400 mg QD (23 pts in escalation; 14 in expansion). In dose escalation, a total of 17 patients with HCC, Child-Pugh A received prior systemic therapy including 100% with prior TKI and 35% with prior IO. 12% had hepatitis B virus and 47% had hepatitis C virus. H3B-6527 plasma levels increased with dose from 300 to 1000 mg QD and plateaued. H3B-6527 was rapidly absorbed with a tmax of ~2-3 h and showed a terminal half-life of ~4-5 h, following administration of 1000 mg (fasted). No dose-limiting toxicities or ≥ Grade 3 treatment-related AEs (TRAE) have been observed in escalation. Most common TRAEs (≥ 10%) were diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Based on safety, PK, and PD, 1000 mg QD was the recommended phase 2 dose. Durable stable disease and partial responses (PR) have been observed on the once daily fasted schedule; 2 of 17 pts with HCC achieved PRs and an additional 7 with stable disease were on treatment for ≥ 5 months. Conclusions: H3B-6527 is well tolerated and demonstrates early signs of clinical activity. Dose expansion on QD schedule and exploration of BID (twice daily) schedule is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT02834780.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Moreno
- START Madrid - FJD, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Binu John
- Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | | | - Michael B. Sawyer
- Cross Cancer Institute and University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Wei Peng Yong
- National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Bruno Sangro
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra and Biomedical Research Network in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | - Amy Kim
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., Cambridge, MA
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17
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Kumar P, Rimkunas V, Yu K, Zhang Z, MacKenzie C, Schindler J, Smith P, Zhu P, Selvaraj A, Yu L, Das S, Joshi JJ. H3B-6527 clinical biomarker assay development and characterization of HCC patient samples. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.4121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4121 Background: FGFR4/FGF19 signaling axis is a novel therapeutic target in HCC. Multiple covalent FGFR4 inhibitors, including H3B-6527, are under clinical development. Preclinical efficacy studies in mice (including PDX) have shown that FGF19 expression (FGF19+) is a predictive biomarker for FGFR4 inhibitor response. The mechanisms driving FGF19 expression in HCC is largely unknown however, in some cases, focal amplification of ch11q13.3 containing FGF19 gene is thought to drive the FGF19 expression. Consistent with the preclinical observations, clinical studies have also shown that FGF19+is a predictive biomarker for FGFR4 inhibitor response. However, these trials have also reported a large number of FGF19+patients failing to respond to FGFR4 inhibitors necessitating refinement of patient selection strategies. In an attempt to obtain deeper insights into the role of FGF19+as a predictive biomarker and potentially uncover additional biomarkers that will enable improvement in patient selection strategies, we have characterized a set of 258 HCC patient samples Methods: Samples were acquired from biobanks and utilized to qualify clinical assays including FGF19 copy number (FISH), mRNA expression (qRT-PCR), FGF19 protein (IHC), and a focused NGS panel for assessing both mutations and copy number. A multiplexed protein and mRNA platform enabled assessment of p-ERK and Ki67 (protein) and Cyp7A1 (mRNA) amongst other exploratory PD biomarkers from two FFPE slides. Results: FGF19 positivity rates for IHC and qRT-PCR were 18% (41/225) and 42% (87/209), respectively. The overall correlation was 60%, with 63% (22/235) IHC positive cases also being positive by qRT-PCR. For IHC+/qRT-PCR (-) cases, RNA quality may have impacted assay sensitivity. 4% (9/244) of samples were positive for FGF19 copy number. Among samples with FGF19 copy number gains, 22% (2/9) did not show positive FGF19 expression. Conclusions: Based on our data, FGF19 mRNA is a more inclusive selection strategy and offers an approach to further refine thresholds for efficacy as determined in the clinic. Multiplexed protein-mRNA assays were also validated and implemented to enable a more comprehensive clinical biomarker program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kun Yu
- H3 Biomedicine, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lihua Yu
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., Cambridge, MA
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18
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Ma Y, Reilly S, Patterson P, Fischer S, Selvaraj A, Smith C, Samberg M. Evaluation of gamma irradiated and limited donor pool human platelet lysate for clinical cell manufacturing. Cytotherapy 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.02.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Korpal M, Puyang X, Furman C, Zheng GZ, Banka D, Wu J, Zhang Z, Thomas M, Mackenzie C, Yao H, Rimkunas V, Kumar P, Caleb B, Karr C, Subramanian V, Irwin S, Larsen N, Vaillancourt F, Nguyen TV, Davis A, Chan B, Hao MH, O'Shea M, Prajapati S, Agoulnik S, Kuznetsov G, Kumar N, Yu Y, Lai G, Hart A, Eckley S, Fekkes P, Bowser T, Joshi JJ, Selvaraj A, Wardell S, Norris J, Smith S, Reynolds D, Mitchell L, Wang J, Yu L, Kim A, Rioux N, Sahmoud T, Warmuth M, Smith PG, Zhu P. Abstract P1-10-08: Development of a first-in-class oral selective ERα covalent antagonist (SERCA) for the treatment of ERαWT and ERαMUT breast cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p1-10-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Mutations in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) are detected in up to 30% of breast cancer patients who have relapsed during endocrine therapy. ERα mutations functionally confer resistance to existing classes of endocrine therapies, likely through gaining constitutive activity. The fact that current ER-directed therapies are only partially effective in the ERα mutant setting, and that a significant proportion of resistant breast cancer metastases continue to remain dependent on ERα signaling for growth/survival, highlights the critical need to develop the next generation of ERα antagonists that can overcome aberrant ERα activity. Using structure-based drug design approaches we have identified a novel class of ERα antagonist referred to as Selective ERα Covalent Antagonist (SERCA) that inactivate both wild-type and mutant ERα by targeting a unique cysteine residue that is not conserved among other steroid hormone receptors. Biophysical, biochemical and cellular analyses confirm the covalent mechanism of action, specific binding to ER and selective inhibition of ERα-dependent transcription of SERCAs. H3B-6545 is a highly selective SERCA that potently antagonizes wild-type and mutant ERα in biochemical and cell based assays demonstrating increased potency over standard of care and other experimental agents. In vivo, H3B-6545 shows superior efficacy to fulvestrant in the MCF-7 xenograft model with once daily oral dosing, achieving maximal antitumor activity at doses >10x below the maximum tolerated dose in mice. In addition, H3B-6545 shows superior antitumor activity to both tamoxifen and fulvestrant in patient derived xenograft models of breast cancer carrying estrogen receptor mutations. In summary, H3B-6545 is a first-in-class, orally available and selective ER covalent antagonist with a compelling pre-clinical profile that is being developed for the treatment of ERα positive breast cancer.
Citation Format: Korpal M, Puyang X, Furman C, Zheng GZ, Banka D, Wu J, Zhang Z, Thomas M, Mackenzie C, Yao H, Rimkunas V, Kumar P, Caleb B, Karr C, Subramanian V, Irwin S, Larsen N, Vaillancourt F, Nguyen T-V, Davis A, Chan B, Hao MH, O'Shea M, Prajapati S, Agoulnik S, Kuznetsov G, Kumar N, Yu Y, Lai G, Hart A, Eckley S, Fekkes P, Bowser T, Joshi JJ, Selvaraj A, Wardell S, Norris J, Smith S, Reynolds D, Mitchell L, Wang J, Yu L, Kim A, Rioux N, Sahmoud T, Warmuth M, Smith PG, Zhu P. Development of a first-in-class oral selective ERα covalent antagonist (SERCA) for the treatment of ERαWT and ERαMUT breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-10-08.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Korpal
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - X Puyang
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - C Furman
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - GZ Zheng
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - D Banka
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - J Wu
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - Z Zhang
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - M Thomas
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - C Mackenzie
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - H Yao
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - V Rimkunas
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - P Kumar
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - B Caleb
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - C Karr
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - V Subramanian
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - S Irwin
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - N Larsen
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - F Vaillancourt
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - T-V Nguyen
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - A Davis
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - B Chan
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - MH Hao
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - M O'Shea
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - S Prajapati
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - S Agoulnik
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - G Kuznetsov
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - N Kumar
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - Y Yu
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - G Lai
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - A Hart
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - S Eckley
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - P Fekkes
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - T Bowser
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - JJ Joshi
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - A Selvaraj
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - S Wardell
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - J Norris
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - S Smith
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - D Reynolds
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - L Mitchell
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - J Wang
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - L Yu
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - A Kim
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - N Rioux
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - T Sahmoud
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - M Warmuth
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - PG Smith
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
| | - P Zhu
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA; Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA; Duke University, Research Drive, LSRC Bldg, C251, Durham, NC
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20
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Joshi JJ, Coffey H, Corcoran E, Tsai J, Huang CL, Ichikawa K, Prajapati S, Hao MH, Bailey S, Wu J, Rimkunas V, Karr C, Subramanian V, Kumar P, MacKenzie C, Hurley R, Satoh T, Yu K, Park E, Rioux N, Kim A, Lai WG, Yu L, Zhu P, Buonamici S, Larsen N, Fekkes P, Wang J, Warmuth M, Reynolds DJ, Smith PG, Selvaraj A. H3B-6527 Is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of FGFR4 in FGF19-Driven Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2018; 77:6999-7013. [PMID: 29247039 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor FGFR4 by FGF19 drives hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a disease with few, if any, effective treatment options. While a number of pan-FGFR inhibitors are being clinically evaluated, their application to FGF19-driven HCC may be limited by dose-limiting toxicities mediated by FGFR1-3 receptors. To evade the potential limitations of pan-FGFR inhibitors, we generated H3B-6527, a highly selective covalent FGFR4 inhibitor, through structure-guided drug design. Studies in a panel of 40 HCC cell lines and 30 HCC PDX models showed that FGF19 expression is a predictive biomarker for H3B-6527 response. Moreover, coadministration of the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib in combination with H3B-6527 could effectively trigger tumor regression in a xenograft model of HCC. Overall, our results offer preclinical proof of concept for H3B-6527 as a candidate therapeutic agent for HCC cases that exhibit increased expression of FGF19. Cancer Res; 77(24); 6999-7013. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeremy Wu
- H3 Biomedicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Craig Karr
- H3 Biomedicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kun Yu
- H3 Biomedicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Amy Kim
- H3 Biomedicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Lihua Yu
- H3 Biomedicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ping Zhu
- H3 Biomedicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - John Wang
- H3 Biomedicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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21
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Selvaraj A, Chen HT, Ya-Ting Huang A, Kao CL. Expedient on-resin modification of a peptide C-terminus through a benzotriazole linker. Chem Sci 2017; 9:345-349. [PMID: 29629103 PMCID: PMC5868309 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03229c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides with various C-terminal functionalization, including peptides and dendrimers, were prepared via SPPS and an efficient on-resin modification.
A convenient and efficient chemical toolbox was developed for the on-resin C-terminal functionalization of various peptides. By transforming resin-bound 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid species with isoamyl nitrite, the resulting resin-bound benzotriazole entity can be efficiently displaced by nucleophiles during cleavage of the peptide–resin connection in a short reaction time. The resin cleavage step allowed for the use of various nucleophiles including water, EtOH, amines, thiol, and G5 poly(amidoamino) dendrimers with yields ranging from 66% to 82% within 5 h. This method was successfully applied to prepare the elastin sequence (VPGVG)4 through on-resin ligation in 77% yield in one day and a head-to-tail cyclic peptide, sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1, in 42% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Selvaraj
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan .
| | - Hui-Ting Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research , Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
| | - Adela Ya-Ting Huang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan .
| | - Chai-Lin Kao
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan . .,Department of Medical Research , Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry , National Sun Yat-sen University , Kaohsiung 80424 , Taiwan
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22
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Manal M, Manish K, Sanal D, Selvaraj A, Devadasan V, Chandrasekar MJN. Novel HDAC8 inhibitors: A multi-computational approach. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2017; 28:707-733. [PMID: 28965432 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2017.1375978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal HDAC function triggers irregular gene transcription that hampers the essential cellular activities leading to tumour activation and progression. HDAC inhibition has, therefore, been reported as a potential target for cancer treatment. In the present study, a sequential computational framework was carried out to discover newer lead compounds, namely HDAC8 inhibitors for cancer therapy. Pharmacophoric hypotheses were generated based on hydroxamic acid derivatives reported earlier for HDAC inhibition. The model AAADR.122, demonstrated statistical significance (r2 = 0.93, Q2 = 0.81) and proved robust on validation with a cross-validated correlation coefficient of 0.89. It was utilized to arrive at novel hits through a virtual screening workflow. The specificity of the process was enhanced further by analysing the crucial interactions of the ligands with key catalytic residues, achieved by induced fit docking (PDB ID: 1T64). On assessment, the filtered leads displayed optimal drug like features. Investigations using density functional theory (DFT) also facilitated the recognition of molecular spots in the leads beneficial for HDAC8 interaction. Overall, two leads were proposed for HDAC8 inhibition with potential anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manal
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , JSS College of Pharmacy (A Constituent College of Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University , Mysuru) , Tamilnadu , India
| | - K Manish
- b Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics , University of Madras , Chennai , Tamilnadu , India
| | - D Sanal
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Al Shifa College of Pharmacy , Kerala , India
| | - A Selvaraj
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , JSS College of Pharmacy (A Constituent College of Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University , Mysuru) , Tamilnadu , India
| | - V Devadasan
- b Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics , University of Madras , Chennai , Tamilnadu , India
| | - M J N Chandrasekar
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , JSS College of Pharmacy (A Constituent College of Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University , Mysuru) , Tamilnadu , India
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23
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Korpal M, Puyang X, Jeremy Wu Z, Seiler R, Furman C, Oo HZ, Seiler M, Irwin S, Subramanian V, Julie Joshi J, Wang CK, Rimkunas V, Tortora D, Yang H, Kumar N, Kuznetsov G, Matijevic M, Chow J, Kumar P, Zou J, Feala J, Corson L, Henry R, Selvaraj A, Davis A, Bloudoff K, Douglas J, Kiss B, Roberts M, Fazli L, Black PC, Fekkes P, Smith PG, Warmuth M, Yu L, Hao MH, Larsen N, Daugaard M, Zhu P. Evasion of immunosurveillance by genomic alterations of PPARγ/RXRα in bladder cancer. Nat Commun 2017; 8:103. [PMID: 28740126 PMCID: PMC5524640 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00147-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is an aggressive disease with limited therapeutic options. Although immunotherapies are approved for MIBC, the majority of patients fail to respond, suggesting existence of complementary immune evasion mechanisms. Here, we report that the PPARγ/RXRα pathway constitutes a tumor-intrinsic mechanism underlying immune evasion in MIBC. Recurrent mutations in RXRα at serine 427 (S427F/Y), through conformational activation of the PPARγ/RXRα heterodimer, and focal amplification/overexpression of PPARγ converge to modulate PPARγ/RXRα-dependent transcription programs. Immune cell-infiltration is controlled by activated PPARγ/RXRα that inhibits expression/secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Clinical data sets and an in vivo tumor model indicate that PPARγHigh/RXRαS427F/Y impairs CD8+ T-cell infiltration and confers partial resistance to immunotherapies. Knockdown of PPARγ or RXRα and pharmacological inhibition of PPARγ significantly increase cytokine expression suggesting therapeutic approaches to reviving immunosurveillance and sensitivity to immunotherapies. Our study reveals a class of tumor cell-intrinsic "immuno-oncogenes" that modulate the immune microenvironment of cancer.Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a potentially lethal disease. Here the authors characterize diverse genetic alterations in MIBC that convergently lead to constitutive activation of PPARgamma/RXRalpha and result in immunosurveillance escape by inhibiting CD8+ T-cell recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manav Korpal
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Xiaoling Puyang
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zhenhua Jeremy Wu
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Roland Seiler
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 1M9.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6H 3Z6
| | - Craig Furman
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Htoo Zarni Oo
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 1M9.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6H 3Z6
| | - Michael Seiler
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sean Irwin
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Jaya Julie Joshi
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Chris K Wang
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 1M9.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6H 3Z6
| | - Victoria Rimkunas
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Davide Tortora
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 1M9.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6H 3Z6
| | - Hua Yang
- Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA, 01810, USA
| | - Namita Kumar
- Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA, 01810, USA
| | | | | | - Jesse Chow
- Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA, 01810, USA
| | - Pavan Kumar
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jian Zou
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jacob Feala
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Laura Corson
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ryan Henry
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Anand Selvaraj
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Allison Davis
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kristjan Bloudoff
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - James Douglas
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Bernhard Kiss
- Department of Urology, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Morgan Roberts
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 1M9.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6H 3Z6
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 1M9.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6H 3Z6
| | - Peter C Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 1M9.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6H 3Z6
| | - Peter Fekkes
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Peter G Smith
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Markus Warmuth
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lihua Yu
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ming-Hong Hao
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nicholas Larsen
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 1M9.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6H 3Z6
| | - Ping Zhu
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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24
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Selvaraj A, Corcoran E, Coffey H, Prajapati S, Hao MH, Larsen N, Tsai J, Satoh T, Ichikawa K, Joshi JJ, Hurley R, Wu J, Huang CL, Bailey S, Karr C, Kumar P, Rimkunas V, Mackenzie C, Rioux N, Kim A, Akare S, Lai G, Yu L, Fekkes P, Wang J, Warmuth M, Smith P, Reynolds D. Abstract 3126: H3B6527, a selective and potent FGFR4 inhibitor for FGF19-driven hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-3126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has limited treatment options and generally poor prognosis. Recent genomic studies have identified FGF19 as a driver oncogene in HCC. FGF19 is a gut secreted hormone that acts in the liver through FGFR4 to regulate bile acid synthesis. Consistent with the notion that FGF19 is a driver oncogene in HCC, transgenic mice overexpressing FGF19 form liver tumors and genetic ablation of FGFR4 prevented tumor formation. These data suggest targeting FGFR4 would have therapeutic benefit in HCC with altered FGF19 signaling. While a number of Pan-FGFR inhibitors are being clinically evaluated, their application to FGF19-driven HCC may be limited by their FGFR1-3 related dose limiting toxicities. Using structure guided drug design, we have generated a highly selective covalent FGFR4 inhibitor, H3B-6527. Biochemical and cellular selectivity assays showed that H3B-6527 is >300 fold selective towards FGFR4 compared to other FGFR isoforms. Addition of H3B-6527 to FGF19 amplified HCC cell lines led to dose dependent inhibition of FGF19/FGFR4 signaling and concomitant reduction in cell viability. In a panel of 40 HCC cell lines, H3B-6527 selectively reduced the viability of cells that harbor FGF19 amplification and showed no effect in FGF19 non-amplified HCC cell line models. Oral dosing of H3B-6527 to mice led to dose-dependent pharmacodynamic modulation of FGFR4 signaling and tumor regression in FGF19 altered HCC cell line derived xenograft models. H3B-6527 demonstrated inhibition of tumor growth in an orthotopic liver xenograft model of FGF19 altered HCC grown in nude mice. Importantly, the inhibition of tumor growth occurred at doses that were well tolerated in mice and no evidence of FGFR1-3 related toxicities were observed at efficacious doses. In a panel of 30 HCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, H3B-6527 demonstrated tumor regressions in the context of FGF19-amplified tumors. In addition, H3B-6527 showed antitumor activity and tumor regressions in PDX models with high FGF19 expression but no FGF19 amplification. The mechanism for FGF19 overexpression in the absence of gene amplification is under investigation. In conclusion, our preclinical studies demonstrate that FGF19 expression is a predictive biomarker for response to FGFR4 inhibitor therapy. Genomic analysis of public and proprietary data sets indicates that at least approximately 30% of HCC patients exhibit altered FGF19 expression and could potentially benefit from H3B-6527 monotherapy treatment.
Citation Format: Anand Selvaraj, Erik Corcoran, Heather Coffey, Sudeep Prajapati, Ming-Hong Hao, Nicholas Larsen, Jennifer Tsai, Takashi Satoh, Kana Ichikawa, Julie Jaya Joshi, Raelene Hurley, Jeremy Wu, Chia-Ling Huang, Suzanna Bailey, Craig Karr, Pavan Kumar, Victoria Rimkunas, Crystal Mackenzie, Nathalie Rioux, Amy Kim, Sandeep Akare, George Lai, Lihua Yu, Peter Fekkes, John Wang, Markus Warmuth, Peter Smith, Dominic Reynolds. H3B6527, a selective and potent FGFR4 inhibitor for FGF19-driven hepatocellular carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3126. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3126
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amy Kim
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | - Lihua Yu
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., Cambridge, MA
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25
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Ma Y, Reilly S, Patterson P, Fischer S, Selvaraj A, Smith C, Samberg M. Gamma irradiation for terminal sterilization of Xeno-Free clinical grade human platelet lysate. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Ma Y, Reilly S, Fischer S, Selvaraj A, Smith C, Samberg M. Generation of monocyte derived dendritic cells using xeno-free clinical grade human platelet lysate. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Abstract
ObjectiveRecreational use of nitrous oxide (N20) or ‘laughing gas’ inhalation is a common phenomenon in countries like UK and US where it is associated with music festivals and parties. However, as far as we know, recreational N20 use in Singapore has hitherto not been reported in the press or scientific journals. We report the first case of N20 use and addiction in a young Singaporean male who was introduced to it by a friend from a Western country where its use is prevalent.MethodsA 20-year-old Singaporean male with an existing psychiatric diagnosis of major depression, presented with a 3 year history of solitary regular N20 inhalation that escalated from infrequent low dose use to the current daily high-dose use which he was unable to control. He exhibited symptoms of dependence — including preoccupation, tolerance, withdrawal and difficulty in cutting down. No major adverse medical complications were noted so far.ResultsThe patient was assessed to have Nitrous Oxide Dependence; and is currently undergoing regular counselling sessions in an attempt to motivate him to cut down or stop his N20 use.ConclusionThis case is unique for 2 reasons:– extant literature suggests that only anectodal evidence exists for psychological dependence of N20 in Singapore; yet our patient clearly demonstrates psychological dependence;– this is the first reported case of N20 use disorder in Singapore; and perhaps ASEAN, with the unusual presentation in a young male whose use is solitary and private.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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28
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Rajaraman B, Selvaraj A, Lee CH, Kim KH. 0720 Effects of feeding forage and concentrate, separately or as a total mixed ration, on ruminal methane emission, fermentation characteristics, and total tract digestibility. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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29
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Darman R, Seiler M, Agrawal A, Lim K, Peng S, Aird D, Bailey S, Bhavsar E, Chan B, Colla S, Corson L, Feala J, Fekkes P, Ichikawa K, Keaney G, Lee L, Kumar P, Kunii K, MacKenzie C, Matijevic M, Mizui Y, Myint K, Park E, Puyang X, Selvaraj A, Thomas M, Tsai J, Wang J, Warmuth M, Yang H, Zhu P, Garcia-Manero G, Furman R, Yu L, Smith P, Buonamici S. Cancer-Associated SF3B1 Hotspot Mutations Induce Cryptic 3′ Splice Site Selection through Use of a Different Branch Point. Cell Rep 2015; 13:1033-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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30
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Buonamici S, Lim KH, Feala J, Park E, Corson L, Aicher M, Aird D, Chan B, Corcoran E, Darman R, Fekkes P, Keaney G, Kumar P, Kunii K, Lee L, Puyang X, Rodrigues J, Selvaraj A, Thomas M, Wang J, Warmuth M, Yu L, Zhu P, Smith P, Mizui Y. Abstract 2932: SF3B1 mutations induce aberrant mRNA splicing in cancer and confer sensitivity to spliceosome inhibition. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Recurrent heterozygous mutations of the spliceosome protein SF3B1 have been identified in myelodysplastic syndromes, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), breast, pancreatic and skin cancers. SF3B1 is a component of the U2 snRNP complex which binds to the pre-mRNA branch point site and is involved in recognition and stabilization of the spliceosome at the 3′ splice site.
To understand the impact of SF3B1 mutations, we compared RNAseq profiles from tumor samples with SF3B1 hotspot mutations (SF3B1-MUT) or wild-type SF3B1 (SF3B1-WT) in breast cancer, melanoma and CLL. This analysis revealed significant increases in the usage of novel alternative splice junctions in SF3B1-MUT samples including selection of alternative 3′ splice sites and less frequently exon skipping. These events induce expression of alternative mRNAs that are translated into novel proteins or aberrant mRNAs that are decayed by cells. A common alternative splicing profile was shared across different hotspot mutations and lineages (e.g. ZDHHC16 and COASY); however, unique alternative splicing profiles were also observed suggesting lineage specific effects. RNAseq analysis of several cell lines with endogenous SF3B1 hotspot mutations confirmed the presence of the same spliced isoforms as observed in tumor samples. To prove that SF3B1-MUT were inducing alternative splicing, transient transfection of several SF3B1 hotspot mutations in 293FT cells induced the expression of the common alternatively spliced genes suggesting functional similarity. Selective shRNA depletion of mutant SF3B1 allele in SF3B1-MUT cells resulted in downregulation of the same splice isoforms. Furthermore, isogenic B-cell lines (NALM-6) expressing the most frequent SF3B1 mutation (K700E) were generated and profiled by RNAseq. As expected, similar alternatively spliced genes were observed in NALM-6 SF3B1-K700E cells exclusively. To investigate the role of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) in eliminating aberrant mRNAs induced by SF3B1-MUT, we treated NALM-6 SF3B1-K700E cells with cycloheximide, a translation inhibitor known to inhibit NMD. In the treated samples, expression of several aberrant mRNAs was revealed and some of these transcripts were shown to be downregulated in patient samples. Taken together, these results confirm the association between different SF3B1 hotspot mutations and the presence of novel splice isoforms.
We demonstrated that E7107, a potent and selective inhibitor of wild-type SF3B1, also binds and inhibits SF3B1-MUT protein. In addition, E7107 represses the expression of several common aberrant splice mRNA products in SF3B1-MUT cells in vitro and in vivo. When tested in a NALM-6 mouse model, E7107 induced tumor regression and increased the overall survival of animals implanted with NALM-6 SF3B1-K700E cells. These data suggest splicing inhibitors as a promising therapeutic approach for cancer patients carrying SF3B1 mutations.
Citation Format: Silvia Buonamici, Kian Huat Lim, Jacob Feala, Eunice Park, Laura Corson, Michelle Aicher, Daniel Aird, Betty Chan, Erik Corcoran, Rachel Darman, Peter Fekkes, Gregg Keaney, Pavan Kumar, Kaiko Kunii, Linda Lee, Xiaoling Puyang, Jose Rodrigues, Anand Selvaraj, Michael Thomas, John Wang, Markus Warmuth, Lihua Yu, Ping Zhu, Peter Smith, Yoshiharu Mizui. SF3B1 mutations induce aberrant mRNA splicing in cancer and confer sensitivity to spliceosome inhibition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2932. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2932
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Ganapathy DM, Joseph S, Ariga P, Selvaraj A. Evaluation of the influence of blood glucose level on oral candidal colonization in complete denture wearers with Type-II Diabetes Mellitus: An in vivo Study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2013; 10:87-92. [PMID: 23878569 PMCID: PMC3714830 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.111806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candidal colonization in complete denture wearers is a commonly encountered condition that worsens in the presence of untreated Diabetes Mellitus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between oral candidiasis in denture-bearing mucosa and elevated blood glucose levels in complete denture wearers and to evaluate the effect of oral hypoglycemic drug therapy in controlling oral candidal colonization in denture-bearing mucosa of complete denture wearers with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective observational study involved the participation of 15 complete denture wearers with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. The sample collection was made prior and after oral hypoglycaemic drug intervention, by swabbing the rugal surfaces of palatal mucosa, cultured and the density of the candidal colony formed was analyzed and interpreted as colony forming units (CFU) per mL. The candidal samples CFU and corresponding pre- and post-prandial blood glucose levels were estimated, analyzed and compared using Karl Pearson correlation analysis and paired t-test (α = 0.05). RESULTS The Karl Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the blood glucose levels (PPS and FBS) and the candidal colonization (CFU) (P < 0.05). The mean values of all the variables were analyzed using the paired t-test. There was significant reduction in the mean values of blood glucose levels (P < 0.001) and the mean values of the CFU (P < 0.001) following oral hypoglycemic drug therapy. CONCLUSION Positive correlation was observed between oral candidiasis in complete denture-bearing mucosa and elevated blood glucose levels and oral hypoglycemic drug therapy has a positive effect in controlling oral candidal colonization in complete denture wearers with Type II Diabetes Mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Gupta
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; St. Bartholomew's Hospital; London United Kingdom
| | - M. Szczeklik
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; St. Bartholomew's Hospital; London United Kingdom
| | - A. Selvaraj
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; St. Bartholomew's Hospital; London United Kingdom
| | - K.S. Lall
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; St. Bartholomew's Hospital; London United Kingdom
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Okamoto K, Kodama K, Takase K, Nakamoto K, Coffey H, Selvaraj A, Smith P, Iwata M, Tsuruoka A. 307 Anti-tumor Activities of Lenvatinib Against RET Gene Fusion Driven Tumor Models. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)72105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ganapthy D, Ariga P, Selvaraj A. Sublingual drug dispensing prosthesis. Indian J Dent Res 2012; 23:434. [PMID: 23059595 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.102254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sublingual mode of drug administration is one of the fastest and predictable methods of drug delivery to the patient. Some patients, due to the pathological or psychological reasons, experience considerable difficulty in retaining the sub-lingual tablets. Therefore, often they either swallow or chew the sublingual tablets, thus reducing the efficacy of the medicines. Sublingual drug dispensing prosthesis is a special type of appliance that helps such patients to house the sublingual tablets in special slots in an intra-oral appliance, and thus enhances proposed drug delivery and improves the patient's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanraj Ganapthy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, India
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Selvaraj A, Sivakumar S, Ramasamy AK, Balasubramanian V. Photocatalytic degradation of triazine dyes over N-doped TiO2 in solar radiation. Res Chem Intermed 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-012-0756-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Jagannathan L, Shanmugasamy S, Perumal RC, Gopal R, Selvaraj A, Kosalai ST. Drug repositioning of latent TB. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Mallaiya K, Subramaniam R, Srikandan SS, Gowri S, Rajasekaran N, Selvaraj A. Electrochemical characterization of the protective film formed by the unsymmetrical Schiff's base on the mild steel surface in acid media. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dowling RJO, Topisirovic I, Alain T, Bidinosti M, Fonseca BD, Petroulakis E, Wang X, Larsson O, Selvaraj A, Liu Y, Kozma SC, Thomas G, Sonenberg N. mTORC1-mediated cell proliferation, but not cell growth, controlled by the 4E-BPs. Science 2010; 328:1172-6. [PMID: 20508131 DOI: 10.1126/science.1187532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 547] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates mitogen and nutrient signals to control cell proliferation and cell size. Hence, mTORC1 is implicated in a large number of human diseases--including diabetes, obesity, heart disease, and cancer--that are characterized by aberrant cell growth and proliferation. Although eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs) are critical mediators of mTORC1 function, their precise contribution to mTORC1 signaling and the mechanisms by which they mediate mTORC1 function have remained unclear. We inhibited the mTORC1 pathway in cells lacking 4E-BPs and analyzed the effects on cell size, cell proliferation, and cell cycle progression. Although the 4E-BPs had no effect on cell size, they inhibited cell proliferation by selectively inhibiting the translation of messenger RNAs that encode proliferation-promoting proteins and proteins involved in cell cycle progression. Thus, control of cell size and cell cycle progression appear to be independent in mammalian cells, whereas in lower eukaryotes, 4E-BPs influence both cell growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J O Dowling
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
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Kalender A, Selvaraj A, Kim SY, Gulati P, Brûlé S, Viollet B, Kemp BE, Bardeesy N, Dennis P, Schlager JJ, Marette A, Kozma SC, Thomas G. Metformin, independent of AMPK, inhibits mTORC1 in a rag GTPase-dependent manner. Cell Metab 2010; 11:390-401. [PMID: 20444419 PMCID: PMC3081779 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 641] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional mTORC1 signaling is associated with a number of human pathologies owing to its central role in controlling cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism. Regulation of mTORC1 is achieved by the integration of multiple inputs, including those of mitogens, nutrients, and energy. It is thought that agents that increase the cellular AMP/ATP ratio, such as the antidiabetic biguanides metformin and phenformin, inhibit mTORC1 through AMPK activation of TSC1/2-dependent or -independent mechanisms. Unexpectedly, we found that biguanides inhibit mTORC1 signaling, not only in the absence of TSC1/2 but also in the absence of AMPK. Consistent with these observations, in two distinct preclinical models of cancer and diabetes, metformin acts to suppress mTORC1 signaling in an AMPK-independent manner. We found that the ability of biguanides to inhibit mTORC1 activation and signaling is, instead, dependent on the Rag GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Kalender
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, 2180 E. Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
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Abstract
Nutrients such as amino acids (aa) and glucose mediate mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling to control cell growth and metabolism. Recent studies (Yan et al., 2010) identify a contributor, PP2A phosphatase subunit PR61varepsilon, in regulating the aa-sensitive input to mTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Selvaraj
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, 2180 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
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Chitra S, Parameswari K, Sivakami C, Selvaraj A. Sulpha Schiff Bases as Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in 1M Sulphuric Acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3329/cerb.v14i1.3766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Dann SG, Selvaraj A, Thomas G. mTOR Complex1-S6K1 signaling: at the crossroads of obesity, diabetes and cancer. Trends Mol Med 2007; 13:252-9. [PMID: 17452018 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2007.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its effector, S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), lie at the crossroads of a nutrient-hormonal signaling network that is involved in specific pathological responses, including obesity, diabetes and cancer. mTOR exists in two complexes: mTOR Complex1, which is rapamycin-sensitive and phosphorylates S6K1 and initiation factor 4E binding proteins (4E-BPs), and mTOR Complex2, which is rapamycin-insensitive and phosphorylates protein kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt). Both mTOR complexes are stimulated by mitogens, but only mTOR Complex1 is under the control of nutrient and energy inputs. Thus, to orchestrate the control of homeostatic responses, mTOR Complex1 must integrate signals from distinct cues. Here, we review recent findings concerning the regulation and pathophysiology associated with mTOR Complex1 and S6K1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Dann
- Genome Research Institute, University of Cincinnati, 2180 E. Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
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Yepiskoposyan H, Egli D, Fergestad T, Selvaraj A, Treiber C, Multhaup G, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. Transcriptome response to heavy metal stress in Drosophila reveals a new zinc transporter that confers resistance to zinc. Nucleic Acids Res 2006; 34:4866-77. [PMID: 16973896 PMCID: PMC1635269 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkl606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2006] [Revised: 08/02/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
All organisms are confronted with external variations in trace element abundance. To elucidate the mechanisms that maintain metal homeostasis and protect against heavy metal stress, we have determined the transcriptome responses in Drosophila to sublethal doses of cadmium, zinc, copper, as well as to copper depletion. Furthermore, we analyzed the transcriptome of a metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF-1) null mutant. The gene family encoding metallothioneins, and the ABC transporter CG10505 that encodes a homolog of 'yeast cadmium factor' were induced by all three metals. Zinc and cadmium responses have similar features: genes upregulated by both metals include those for glutathione S-transferases GstD2 and GstD5, and for zinc transporter-like proteins designated ZnT35C and ZnT63C. Several of the metal-induced genes that emerged in our study are regulated by the transcription factor MTF-1. mRNA studies in MTF-1 overexpressing or null mutant flies and in silico search for metal response elements (binding sites for MTF-1) confirmed novel MTF-1 regulated genes such as ferritins, the ABC transporter CG10505 and the zinc transporter ZnT35C. The latter was analyzed in most detail; biochemical and genetic approaches, including targeted mutation, indicate that ZnT35C is involved in cellular and organismal zinc efflux and plays a major role in zinc detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasmik Yepiskoposyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of ZurichCH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of WisconsinWI 53706-1580, USA
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und BiochemieD-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Egli
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of ZurichCH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of WisconsinWI 53706-1580, USA
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und BiochemieD-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Fergestad
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of WisconsinWI 53706-1580, USA
| | - Anand Selvaraj
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of ZurichCH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of WisconsinWI 53706-1580, USA
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und BiochemieD-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carina Treiber
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und BiochemieD-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Multhaup
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und BiochemieD-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oleg Georgiev
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of ZurichCH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of WisconsinWI 53706-1580, USA
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und BiochemieD-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Walter Schaffner
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Tel:+41 44 635 3150; Fax:+41 44 635 6811;
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Egli D, Domènech J, Selvaraj A, Balamurugan K, Hua H, Capdevila M, Georgiev O, Schaffner W, Atrian S. The four members of the Drosophila metallothionein family exhibit distinct yet overlapping roles in heavy metal homeostasis and detoxification. Genes Cells 2006; 11:647-58. [PMID: 16716195 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2006.00971.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Four metallothionein genes are present in the Drosophila melanogaster genome, designated MtnA, MtnB, MtnC, MtnD, all of which are transcriptionally induced by heavy metals through the same metal-responsive transcription factor, MTF-1. Here we show, by targeted mutagenesis, that the four metallothionein genes exhibit distinct, yet overlapping, roles in heavy metal homeostasis and toxicity prevention. Among the individual metallothionein mutants, the most prominent distinction between them was that MtnA-defective flies were the most sensitive to copper load, while MtnB-defective flies were the most sensitive to cadmium. Using various reporter gene constructs and mRNA quantification, we show that the MtnA promoter is preferentially induced by copper, while the MtnB promoter is preferentially induced by cadmium. Such a metal preference is also observed at the protein level as the stoichiometric, spectrometric and spectroscopic features of the copper and cadmium complexes with MtnA and MtnB correlate well with a greater stability of copper-MtnA and cadmium-MtnB. Finally, MtnC and MtnD, both of which are very similar to MtnB, display lower copper and cadmium binding capabilities compared to either MtnA or MtnB. In accordance with these binding studies, Drosophila mutants of MtnC or MtnD have a near wild type level of resistance against copper or cadmium load. Furthermore, eye-specific over-expression of MtnA and MtnB, but not of MtnC or MtnD, can rescue a "rough eye" phenotype caused by copper load in the eye. Taken together, while the exact roles of MtnC and MtnD remain to be determined, the preferential protection against copper and cadmium toxicity by MtnA and MtnB, respectively, are the result of a combination of promoter preference and metal binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Egli
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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Egli D, Yepiskoposyan H, Selvaraj A, Balamurugan K, Rajaram R, Simons A, Multhaup G, Mettler S, Vardanyan A, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. A family knockout of all four Drosophila metallothioneins reveals a central role in copper homeostasis and detoxification. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:2286-96. [PMID: 16508004 PMCID: PMC1430275 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.26.6.2286-2296.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2005] [Revised: 10/03/2005] [Accepted: 12/08/2005] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins are ubiquitous, small, cysteine-rich proteins with the ability to bind heavy metals. In spite of their biochemical characterization, their in vivo function remains elusive. Here, we report the generation of a metallothionein gene family knockout in Drosophila melanogaster by targeted disruption of all four genes (MtnA to -D). These flies are viable if raised in standard laboratory food. During development, however, they are highly sensitive to copper, cadmium, and (to a lesser extent) zinc load. Metallothionein expression is particularly important for male viability; while copper load during development affects males and females equally, adult males lacking metallothioneins display a severely reduced life span, possibly due to copper-mediated oxidative stress. Using various reporter gene constructs, we find that different metallothioneins are expressed with virtually the same tissue specificity in larvae, notably in the intestinal tract at sites of metal accumulation, including the midgut's "copper cells." The same expression pattern is observed with a synthetic minipromoter consisting only of four tandem metal response elements. From these and other experiments, we conclude that tissue specificity of metallothionein expression is a consequence, rather than a cause, of metal distribution in the organism. The bright orange luminescence of copper accumulated in copper cells of the midgut is severely reduced in the metallothionein gene family knockout, as well as in mutants of metal-responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF-1), the main regulator of metallothionein expression. This indicates that an in vivo metallothionein-copper complex forms the basis of this luminescence. Strikingly, metallothionein mutants show an increased, MTF-1-dependent induction of metallothionein promoters in response to copper, cadmium, silver, zinc, and mercury. We conclude that free metal, but not metallothionein-bound metal, triggers the activation of MTF-1 and that metallothioneins regulate their own expression by a negative feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Egli
- IMB Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Selvaraj A, Balamurugan K, Yepiskoposyan H, Zhou H, Egli D, Georgiev O, Thiele DJ, Schaffner W. Metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF-1) handles both extremes, copper load and copper starvation, by activating different genes. Genes Dev 2005; 19:891-6. [PMID: 15833915 PMCID: PMC1080128 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1301805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2005] [Accepted: 03/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
From insects to mammals, metallothionein genes are induced in response to heavy metal load by the transcription factor MTF-1, which binds to short DNA sequence motifs, termed metal response elements (MREs). Here we describe a novel and seemingly paradoxical role for MTF-1 in Drosophila in that it also mediates transcriptional activation of Ctr1B, a copper importer, upon copper depletion. Activation depends on the same type of MRE motifs in the upstream region of the Ctr1B gene as are normally required for metal induction. Thus, a single transcription factor, MTF-1, plays a direct role in both copper detoxification and acquisition by inducing the expression of metallothioneins and of a copper importer, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Selvaraj
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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Balamurugan K, Egli D, Selvaraj A, Zhang B, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. Metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF-1) and heavy metal stress response in Drosophila and mammalian cells: a functional comparison. Biol Chem 2004; 385:597-603. [PMID: 15318808 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2004.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The zinc finger transcription factor MTF-1 (metal-responsive transcription factor-1) is conserved from insects to vertebrates. Its major role in both organisms is to control the transcription of genes involved in the homeostasis and detoxification of heavy metal ions such as Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+. In mammals, MTF-1 serves at least two additional roles. First, targeted disruption of the MTF-1 gene results in death at embryonic day 14 due to liver degeneration, revealing a stage-specific developmental role. Second, under hypoxic-anoxic stress, MTF-1 helps to activate the transcription of the gene placental growth factor (PIGF), an angiogenic protein. Recently we characterized dMTF-1, the Drosophila homolog of mammalian MTF-1. Here we present a series of studies to compare the metal response in mammals and insects, which reveal common features but also differences. A human MTF-1 transgene can restore to a large extent metal tolerance to flies lacking their own MTF-1 gene, both at low and high copper concentrations. Likewise, Drosophila MTF-1 can substitute for human MTF-1 in mammalian cell culture, although both the basal and the metal-induced transcript levels are lower. Finally, a clear difference was revealed in the response to mercury, a highly toxic heavy metal: metallothionein-type promoters respond poorly, if at all, to Hg2+ in mammalian cells but strongly in Drosophila, and this response is completely dependent on dMTF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppusamy Balamurugan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Egli D, Selvaraj A, Yepiskoposyan H, Zhang B, Hafen E, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. Knockout of 'metal-responsive transcription factor' MTF-1 in Drosophila by homologous recombination reveals its central role in heavy metal homeostasis. EMBO J 2003; 22:100-8. [PMID: 12505988 PMCID: PMC140060 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdg012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2002] [Revised: 11/06/2002] [Accepted: 11/07/2002] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
'Metal-responsive transcription factor-1' (MTF-1), a zinc finger protein, is conserved from mammals to insects. In the mouse, it activates metallothionein genes and other target genes in response to several cell stress conditions, notably heavy metal load. The knockout of MTF-1 in the mouse has an embryonic lethal phenotype accompanied by liver degeneration. Here we describe the targeted disruption of the MTF-1 gene in Drosophila by homologous recombination. Unlike the situation in the mouse, knockout of MTF-1 in Drosophila is not lethal. Flies survive well under laboratory conditions but are sensitive to elevated concentrations of copper, cadmium and zinc. Basal and metal-induced expression of Drosophila metallothionein genes MtnA (Mtn) and MtnB (Mto), and of two new metallothionein genes described here, MtnC and MtnD, is abolished in MTF-1 mutants. Unexpectedly, MTF-1 mutant larvae are sensitive not only to copper load but also to copper depletion. In MTF-1 mutants, copper depletion prevents metamorphosis and dramatically extends larval development/lifespan from normally 4-5 days to as many as 32 days, possibly reflecting the effects of impaired oxygen metabolism. These findings expand the roles of MTF-1 in the control of heavy metal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ernst Hafen
- Institut für Molekularbiologie and
Zoologisches Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland Corresponding author e-mail:
| | | | - Walter Schaffner
- Institut für Molekularbiologie and
Zoologisches Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland Corresponding author e-mail:
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Kurpad AV, Raj T, El-Khoury A, Beaumier L, Kuriyan R, Srivatsa A, Borgonha S, Selvaraj A, Regan MM, Young VR. Lysine requirements of healthy adult Indian subjects, measured by an indicator amino acid balance technique. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73:900-7. [PMID: 11333843 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/73.5.900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an earlier study, using a modification of the indicator amino acid oxidation approach, we concluded that the 1985 FAO/WHO/UNU-proposed lysine requirement of 12 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) is likely inadequate to maintain body amino acid homeostasis in apparently healthy south Asian subjects and that our proposed requirement of 30 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) is more appropriate. OBJECTIVE We assessed the lysine requirement in a similar population by using 4 test lysine intakes (12, 20, 28, and 36 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) with an indicator amino acid balance approach. DESIGN Sixteen healthy male Indians were studied during each of 2 randomly assigned 8-d L-amino acid diets that supplied either 12 and 28 or 20 and 36 mg lysine. At 1800 on day 8, a 24-h intravenous [(13)C]leucine tracer-infusion protocol was conducted to assess leucine oxidation and daily leucine balance at each lysine intake. RESULTS Mean 24-h leucine oxidation rates decreased significantly (P = 0.005) across different lysine intakes and were 104.1, 97.8, 87.3, and 87.3 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) at intakes of 12, 20, 28, and 36 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), respectively; mean 24-h leucine balances were 3.3, 9.1, 19.7, and 20.7 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), respectively (P = 0.015, mixed-model analysis of variance). Oxidation and balances differed significantly between the lower and higher lysine intakes but were not significantly different between the 12- and 20-mg and 28- and 36-mg test intakes. Two-phase regression analysis indicated a mean breakpoint at 29 mg lysine x kg(-1) x d(-1) in the relation between lysine intake and leucine oxidation or balance. CONCLUSION We propose a mean lysine requirement of 30 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) for healthy Indian adults, which is the same amount we proposed previously for Western populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Kurpad
- Department of Physiology and Nutrition Research Center, St John's Medical College, Bangalore, India.
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Keswani MH, Dhanaraj P, Kumar P, Chirayil PT, Chittoria R, Shah AK, Bharat R, Alamelu V, Subramanian N, Selvaraj A, Ponnambalam N, Shekhar DR, Bilwani PK, Tambwekar SR. Then and now: burns in India. Burns 2000; 26:63-81. [PMID: 10630322 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-4179(99)00152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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