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Grifagni D, Lenci E, De Santis A, Orsetti A, Barracchia CG, Tedesco F, Bellini Puglielli R, Lucarelli F, Lauriola A, Assfalg M, Cantini F, Calderone V, Guardavaccaro D, Trabocchi A, D’Onofrio M, Ciofi-Baffoni S. Development of a GC-376 Based Peptidomimetic PROTAC as a Degrader of 3-Chymotrypsin-like Protease of SARS-CoV-2. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:250-257. [PMID: 38352832 PMCID: PMC10860180 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
We have applied a proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology to obtain a peptidomimetic molecule able to trigger the degradation of SARS-CoV-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLPro). The PROTAC molecule was designed by conjugating a GC-376 based dipeptidyl 3CLPro ligand to a pomalidomide moiety through a piperazine-piperidine linker. NMR and crystallographic data complemented with enzymatic and cellular studies showed that (i) the dipeptidyl moiety of PROTAC binds to the active site of the dimeric state of SARS-CoV-2 3CLPro forming a reversible covalent bond with the sulfur atom of catalytic Cys145, (ii) the linker and the pomalidomide cereblon-ligand of PROTAC protrude from the protein, displaying a high degree of flexibility and no interactions with other regions of the protein, and (iii) PROTAC reduces the protein levels of SARS-CoV-2 3CLPro in cultured cells. This study paves the way for the future applicability of peptidomimetic PROTACs to tackle 3CLPro-dependent viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Grifagni
- Magnetic
Resonance Center CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Lenci
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia De Santis
- Magnetic
Resonance Center CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Orsetti
- Magnetic
Resonance Center CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Filomena Tedesco
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Raffaele Bellini Puglielli
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Lucarelli
- Magnetic
Resonance Center CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Angela Lauriola
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Michael Assfalg
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Cantini
- Magnetic
Resonance Center CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Vito Calderone
- Magnetic
Resonance Center CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Guardavaccaro
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Trabocchi
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Mariapina D’Onofrio
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Simone Ciofi-Baffoni
- Magnetic
Resonance Center CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Brun J, Criqui C, Orsetti A. Ultrasonic cleaning of polycarbonate sieves for filtration of whole blood from healthy and diabetic subjects. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-1988-8617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.F. Brun
- Service d’Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes (Professeur A. Orsetti) Hôpital Lapeyronie, 34059 Montpellier Cédex et Laboratoire de Physiologie II, Institut de Biologie, Faculté de Médecine Boulevard Henri IV, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - C. Criqui
- Service d’Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes (Professeur A. Orsetti) Hôpital Lapeyronie, 34059 Montpellier Cédex et Laboratoire de Physiologie II, Institut de Biologie, Faculté de Médecine Boulevard Henri IV, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - A. Orsetti
- Service d’Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes (Professeur A. Orsetti) Hôpital Lapeyronie, 34059 Montpellier Cédex et Laboratoire de Physiologie II, Institut de Biologie, Faculté de Médecine Boulevard Henri IV, 34000 Montpellier, France
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Brun J, Criqui C, Cartry E, Fédou C, Orsetti A. Microalbuminuria in diabetics: Possible involvement of hemorheologic factors in baseline excretion but not in exercise-induced rise. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-1989-9219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.F. Brun
- Department of Physiological Exploration of Hormones and Metabolism, (Professor A. Orsetti), Lapeyronie Hospital, F-34079 Montpellier Cédex, France
| | - C. Criqui
- Department of Physiological Exploration of Hormones and Metabolism, (Professor A. Orsetti), Lapeyronie Hospital, F-34079 Montpellier Cédex, France
| | - E. Cartry
- Department of Metabolic Diseases (Professeur J. Mirouze) Lapeyronie Hospital, F-34079 Montpellier-Cédex, France
| | - C. Fédou
- Department of Physiological Exploration of Hormones and Metabolism, (Professor A. Orsetti), Lapeyronie Hospital, F-34079 Montpellier Cédex, France
| | - A. Orsetti
- Department of Physiological Exploration of Hormones and Metabolism, (Professor A. Orsetti), Lapeyronie Hospital, F-34079 Montpellier Cédex, France
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Brun J, Sekkat M, Lagoueyte C, Fédou C, Orsetti A. Relationships between fitness and blood viscosity in untrained normal short children. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-1989-9606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.F. Brun
- Service d’Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellicr, France
- Laboratoire de Physiologie II, Institut de Biologie, Faculté de Médecine, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - M. Sekkat
- Service d’Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellicr, France
- Laboratoire de Physiologie II, Institut de Biologie, Faculté de Médecine, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - C. Lagoueyte
- Service d’Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellicr, France
- Laboratoire de Physiologie II, Institut de Biologie, Faculté de Médecine, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - C. Fédou
- Service d’Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellicr, France
- Laboratoire de Physiologie II, Institut de Biologie, Faculté de Médecine, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - A. Orsetti
- Service d’Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellicr, France
- Laboratoire de Physiologie II, Institut de Biologie, Faculté de Médecine, 34060 Montpellier, France
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Brun J, Cartry E, Orsetti A. Impaired subcutaneous resorption of insulin in diabetic patients with moderate reduction of blood filterability. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-1988-8106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.F. Brun
- Department of Physiological Exploration of Hormones and Metabolism, Lapeyronie Hospital, F 34059 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Physiology II, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, F 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - E. Cartry
- Department of Physiological Exploration of Hormones and Metabolism, Lapeyronie Hospital, F 34059 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Physiology II, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, F 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - A. Orsetti
- Department of Physiological Exploration of Hormones and Metabolism, Lapeyronie Hospital, F 34059 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Physiology II, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, F 34060 Montpellier, France
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Brun J, Orsetti A. Hematocrit in type 1 diabetics. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-1989-9220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.F. Brun
- Department of Physiological Exploration of Hormones and Metabolism Lapeyronie Hospital, F - 34079 Montpellier-Cédex, and Laboratory of Physiology 2, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 34060 Montpellier-Cédex, France
| | - A. Orsetti
- Department of Physiological Exploration of Hormones and Metabolism Lapeyronie Hospital, F - 34079 Montpellier-Cédex, and Laboratory of Physiology 2, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 34060 Montpellier-Cédex, France
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Pellei M, Gandin V, Marinelli M, Orsetti A, Del Bello F, Santini C, Marzano C. Novel triazolium based 11th group NHCs: synthesis, characterization and cellular response mechanisms. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:21041-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02934a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The novel NHC ligand precursor 1,4-bis(4-nitrobenzyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium bromide, [HTz(pNO2Bz)2]Br, has been synthesized and used in the synthesis of the corresponding metal complexes M[Tz(pNO2Bz)2]Br (M = Cu(i), Ag(i) or Au(i)).
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Pellei
- School of Science and Technology
- Chemistry Division
- University of Camerino
- 62032 Camerino
- Italy
| | - V. Gandin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - M. Marinelli
- School of Science and Technology
- Chemistry Division
- University of Camerino
- 62032 Camerino
- Italy
| | - A. Orsetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - F. Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Camerino
- 62032 Camerino
- Italy
| | - C. Santini
- School of Science and Technology
- Chemistry Division
- University of Camerino
- 62032 Camerino
- Italy
| | - C. Marzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
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Schué F, Clarotti G, Sledz J, Mas A, Geckeler K, Göpel W, Orsetti A. Possibilities offered by plasma modification and polymerization to enhance the bio- and hemocompatibility of polyester membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.19930730120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mucignat-Caretta C, Redaelli M, Orsetti A, Perriat-Sanguinet M, Zagotto G, Ganem G. Urinary volatile molecules vary in males of the 2 European subspecies of the house mouse and their hybrids. Chem Senses 2010; 35:647-54. [PMID: 20530376 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjq049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice recognize other mice by identifying chemicals that confer a molecular signature to urinary marks. Such molecules may be involved in species recognition, and previous behavioral studies have related divergence of sexual preference between 2 subspecies of the house mouse (Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus domesticus) to urinary odors. To characterize the differences between odors of males of the 2 subspecies and their first-generation offspring, the urinary volatile molecules were examined via gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Seven molecules were present in the samples from mice of at least one group. Their quantity varied among groups: M. m. domesticus showed a quantitatively richer panel of odorants in their urine when compared with M. m. musculus. The hybrids showed a more complex picture that was not directly related to one or the other parental subspecies. These quantitative differences may contribute to the specificity of the odorant bouquet of the 2 subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mucignat-Caretta
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Khaled S, Brun JF, Cassanas G, Bardet L, Orsetti A. Effects of zinc supplementation on blood rheology during exercise. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2001; 20:1-10. [PMID: 11185677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported a higher blood viscosity at corrected hematocrit (45%) (explained by a higher value of erythrocyte rigidity) in football players with low serum zinc (Zn) and thus presumably Zn deficiency; subjects with low serum zinc had also an impairment in performance. This interventional study was undertaken in order to assess the effects of zinc supplementation (compared to placebo) on blood rheology and performance either at rest or during exercise. Ten male healthy volunteers (age: 26+/-1.3 yr; weight 67.9+/-2.24 kg; height 177+/-3 cm) received at random order either zinc (20 mg/day) and placebo, according to a double blind cross-over procedure, during seven days. In each case on the eighth day they performed a 25 min submaximal exercise-test. At rest blood viscosity at corrected hematocrit 45% (gamma = 1000 s(-1)) was lower after Zn (3.56+/-0.14 vs. 4.13+/-0.16 mPa.s, p = 0.009), explained by a lower RBC rigidity index 'k' according to Quemada's equation (1.65+/-0.07 vs. 1.84+/-0.08, p = 0.03). Hematocrit and plasma viscosity were unchanged, but RBC aggregation was decreased (laser retrodiffusion-derived aggregation time 'Ta' 3.52+/-0.51 vs. 2.75+/-0.59, p = 0.02). The increase in blood viscosity during exercise is lower after Zn than placebo. Blood viscosity at corrected hematocrit 45% remains unchanged during exercise after Zn, yet it increases after placebo. RBC rigidity index 'k' remains lower during exercise after Zn. The rating of perceived exertion (Borg's scale) at the 20th minute of exercise is lower after zinc (5.6+/-0.4 vs. 6.6+/-0.4, p = 0.008). This study confirms that Zn improves erythrocyte deformability, decreases the exercise-induced acute increase in blood viscosity, and improves exercise tolerance. Since Zn deficiencies are not unfrequent in sportsmen, these findings may be potentially relevant to sports nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khaled
- Centre d'Exploration et de Readaptation des Anomalies du Métabolisme et du Muscle (CERAMM), H pital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France
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Raynaud E, Brun JF, Fédou C, Puech-Cathala AM, Pérez-Martin A, Orsetti A. [Is microalbuminuria, an early marker of clinical nephropathy, also a cardiovascular risk factor?]. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 1998; 56:671-9. [PMID: 9853026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Microalbuminuria is not only a predictor of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes, but also a potent marker of cardiovascular risk, especially in type 2 diabetes. Microalbuminuria also predicts cardiovascular morbidity in the general population. We describe semi-quantitative and quantitative methods for determination of low urinary excretion of albumin. Pathogenetic hypotheses common to both renal and endothelial dysfunction are discussed, suggesting that microalbuminuria may be a link between micro- and macroangiopathy. Improved glycemic control and antihypertensive treatment postpone and potentially prevent development of nephropathy in diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. These interventions must be instituted early in the development of diabetic nephropathy. In type 2 diabetes, prospective studies are needed to evaluate the precise impact of such a therapy on the cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Raynaud
- Unité d'exploration métabolique, Centre hospitalier universitaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier
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Brun JF, Khaled S, Raynaud E, Bouix D, Micallef JP, Orsetti A. The triphasic effects of exercise on blood rheology: which relevance to physiology and pathophysiology? Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 1998; 19:89-104. [PMID: 9849922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The life-extending effects of regular exercise are related to a decrease in both coronary and peripheral vascular morbidity, associated with some improvements in cardiovascular risk factors. A possible link between the beneficial metabolic and hemodynamic effects of exercise could be blood rheology, which is markedly affected by exercise. We propose here a description of the hemorheological effects of exercise as a triphasic phenomenon. Short-term effects of exercise are an increase in blood viscosity resulting from both fluid shifts and alterations of erythrocyte rheologic properties (rigidity and aggregability). Increased blood lactate, stress, and acute phase play a role in this process. Middle-term effects of regular exercise are a reversal of these acute effects with an increase in blood fluidity, explained by plasma volume expansion (autohemodilution) that lowers both plasma viscosity and hematocrit. Long-term effects further improve blood fluidity, parallel with the classical training-induced hormonal and metabolic alterations. While body composition, blood lipid pattern, and fibrinogen improve (thus decreasing plasma viscosity), erythrocyte metabolic and rheologic properties are modified, with a reduction in aggregability and rigidity. On the whole, these improvements reflect a reversal of the so-called "insulin-resistance syndrome" induced by a sedentary lifestyle. Since impaired blood rheology has been demonstrated to be at risk for vascular diseases, the hemorheologic effects of exercise can be hypothesized to be a mechanism (or at least a marker) of risk reversal. This latter point requires further investigation. The physiological meaning of the triphasic pattern of exercise-induced alterations of blood rheology is uncompletely understood, but increased blood fluidity may improve several steps of oxygen transfer to muscle, as clearly demonstrated in hypoxic conditions. Increasing evidence emerges from the literature, that blood fluidity is a physiological determinant of fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Brun
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes, CHRU de Montpellier, France
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Raynaud E, Brun JF, Perez-Martin A, Orsetti A, Solère M. Negative correlation between plasma fibrinogen and insulin sensitivity measured with the minimal model technique. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 1998; 18:323-30. [PMID: 9741674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We aimed at investigating relationship between plasma fibrinogen and insulin sensitivity, which are two major determinants of metabolic Syndrome X (insulin resistance syndrome). We designed a prospective study of 27 non-diabetic, non-hypertensive subjects, presenting a wide range of body mass index BMI (10 men, 17 women; mean age+/-SEM: 35.9+/-2.2 years; BMI ranging from 21.1-45.2 kg/m2). Insulin sensitivity was assessed with the minimal model procedure, over a 180 min intravenous glucose tolerance test with iterative sampling. Fibrinogen levels were determined by the method of Clauss. The insulin sensitivity index SI (i.e., the slope of the dose-response relationship between insulin increased above baseline and glucose disposal) ranged from 0.0009 to 16 x 10(-4) min(-1)/(microU/ml), with a mean value of 4.76+/-0.73 x 10(-4). Mean values of plasma fibrinogen were 3.33+/-0.13 g/l, ranging from 2.21 to 5.07 g/l. There were highly significant negative correlations between SI and the level of plasma fibrinogen (r = -0.61, p = 0.0007) and between the basal effect of insulin BIE and plasma fibrinogen (r = -0.521, p = 0.005). Basal insulin was positively correlated to fibrinogen (r = 0.386, p = 0.046). When we analysed the data using partial correlation analysis, the negative relation between SI and fibrinogen was maintained independently from BMI (r = -0.45, p < 0.05). These data establish a strong negative association between insulin sensitivity and fibrinogen, involved in the increased cardiovascular risk of metabolic Syndrome X.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Raynaud
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
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Reynier M, Brun JF, Orsetti A. Effets métaboliques de l'association L-carnitine — L-lysine — méthionine contre placebo au cours d'exercices submaximaux. Sci Sports 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0765-1597(97)82988-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Brun JF, Bringer J, Raynaud E, Renard E, Orsetti A. [Interrelation of visceral fat and muscle mass in non insulin-dependent diabetes (type II): practical implications]. Diabetes Metab 1997; 23 Suppl 4:16-34. [PMID: 9463021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance, which is found in 85-95% of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients, results from three factors: genetic background (which has been widely investigated), nutritional status (mostly obesity and fat distribution) and exercise. Upper body obesity, which can be found in 85% of these subjects, can increase muscular insulin resistance through several mechanisms, the best known being a free fatty acid-induced decrease in intracellular free CoA/acylCoA that inhibits the stimulatory effect of insulin on glycolysis, glucose transport across cell membrane, and glycogen storage. However, muscle insulin resistance in NIDDM exists before adiposity and is likely to induce it. Actually, muscles of subjects at risk for NIDDM exhibit a very early defect in both glycogen storage ability and free fatty acid oxidation capacity that can impair fuel utilization and increase fat storage. Regular exercise induces muscular metabolic changes which can compensate for those diabetogenic defects and thus prove useful in the management of NIDDM. Moreover, exercise has been shown to prevent subjects at risk for NIDDM from developing overt diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Brun
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier
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Peyreigne C, Brun J, Monnier J, Abecassis M, Fédou C, Raynaud E, Orsetti A. Interactions entre la fonction somatotrope et l'activité musculaire. Sci Sports 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0765-1597(97)80063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Najimi A, Raynaud E, Brun J, Bouix O, Orsetti A. Caractérisation in vitro des influences humorales catécholaminergiques et opiatergiques inhibant la sécrétion d'insuline de l'îlot de Langerhans à l'exercice. Sci Sports 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0765-1597(97)80072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Bouix O, Najimi A, Orsetti A. Mise en jeu et rôles physiologiques des peptides opioïdes endogènes dans l'adaptation à l'exercice physique. Sci Sports 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0765-1597(97)80065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Raynaud E, Fédou C, Brun JF, Solère M, Orsetti A. Taux sériques du propeptide aminoterminal du procollagène III chez des sportifs soumis à un entraînement régulier. Sci Sports 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0765-1597(97)87884-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Khaled S, Brun JF, Micallel JP, Bardet L, Cassanas G, Monnier JF, Orsetti A. Serum zinc and blood rheology in sportsmen (football players). Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 1997; 17:47-58. [PMID: 9181758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We aimed at investigating relationships between zinc status, blood rheology and blood glucose during exercise. Twenty-one professional football players underwent a triangular maximal exercise test on cycloergometer, with progressively increasing work loads until VO2max. On the whole these subjects had a low serum zinc because nine of them had a hypozincemia (0.54 +/- 0.01 mg/l) which suggested a zinc deficiency. Subjects with low serum zinc were able to perform a lower power output (123 +/- 8.71 vs. 166.27 +/- 14.84 watts, p = 0.029) and exhibited a higher increase in blood lactate during exercise (7.51 +/- 0.81 vs. 5.57 +/- 0.33 mmol/l, p = 0.024) resulting in a lower 2 mmol lactate threshold (44.7 +/- 3.9% vs. 58.9 +/- 4.8% of maximal power output, p = 0.04). They were less able to maintain their plasma glucose and exhibited a tendency towards hypoglycemia (p = 0.0153). Hypozincemia was associated with a higher viscometric RBC rigidity index (p = 0.0009), and this index was negatively correlated to serum zinc (r = -0.68, p = 0.7 x 10(-3)). Blood viscosity at high shear rate (MT90 viscosimeter) corrected for hematocrit (45%) remained higher during exercise in these hypozincemic subjects (p = 0.003). This study suggests that zinc status may influence blood rheology during exercise, either by its direct action on RBC flexibility (demonstrated in vitro) or by its effect on lactate accumulation which may in turn modify erythrocyte fexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khaled
- Département de Physiologie, Institut de Biologie, Faculté de Médecine, Montpellier, France
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Manetta J, Khaled S, Bouix D, Krechiem K, Brun J, Orsetti A. Evaluation d'un autoquestionnaire alimentaire court par comparaison avec un entretien diététique chez des sujets sportifs et sédentaires. Sci Sports 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0765-1597(97)84580-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Raynaud E, Monnier J, Brun J, Solère M, Orsetti A. Biochimie et hormonologie de l'exercice submaximal: Standardisation d'un test d'effort chez le sportif. Sci Sports 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0765-1597(97)80070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Raynaud E, Fédou C, Solère M, Orsetti A. Physiologie de l'épitestostérone. Sci Sports 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0765-1597(97)80066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Raynaud E, Brun J, Fédou C, Solère M, Orsetti A. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) responsiveness to standardized exercise as a marker of neuroendocrine maturation during puberty? Sci Sports 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0765-1597(97)80071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Bouix O, Brun J, Fédou C, Micallef J, Charpiat A, Rama D, Orsetti A. Exploration de gymnastes adolescents de classe sportive: Quel suivi médical pour la croissance et la puberté? Sci Sports 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0765-1597(97)80068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Noriega E, Brun J, Gautier J, Micallef J, Orsetti A. Effects of rice on submaximal exercise endurance capacity. Sci Sports 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0765-1597(97)84577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wouassi D, Mercier J, Ahmaidi S, Brun JF, Mercier B, Orsetti A, Préfaut C. Metabolic and hormonal responses during repeated bouts of brief and intense exercise: effects of pre-exercise glucose ingestion. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1997; 76:197-202. [PMID: 9286597 DOI: 10.1007/s004210050236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated metabolic and hormonal responses during repeated bouts of brief and intense exercise (a force-velocity test; Fv test) and examined the effect of glucose ingestion on these responses and on exercise performance. The test was performed twice by seven subjects [27 (2) years] according to a double-blind randomized crossover protocol. During the experimental trial (GLU), the subjects ingested 500 ml of glucose polymer solution containing 25 g glucose 15 min before starting the exercise. During the control trial (CON), the subjects received an equal volume of sweet placebo (aspartame). Exercise performance was assessed by calculating peak anaerobic power (W(an,peak)). Venous plasma lactate concentration increased significantly during the Fv test (P < 0.001), but no difference was found between CON and GLU. Blood glucose first decreased significantly from the beginning of exercise up to the 6-kg load (P < 0.001) and then increased significantly at W(an,peak) and for up to 10 min during the recovery period (P < 0.001) in both CON and GLU. Insulin concentrations decreased significantly in both groups, but were higher at W(an,peak) in GLU compared with CON (P < 0.05). Glucagon and epinephrine did not change significantly in either group, but epinephrine was significantly lower in GLU after glucose ingestion (P < 0.05) and at W(an,peak) (P < 0.05). W(an,peak) was not significantly different between CON and GLU. In conclusion, blood glucose and insulin concentrations decreased during repeated bouts of brief and intense exercise, while blood lactate concentration increased markedly without any significant change in glucagon and epinephrine concentrations. Glucose ingestion altered metabolic and hormonal responses during the Fv test, but the performance as measured by W(an,peak) was not changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wouassi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie des Interactions, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
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Rama D, Margaritis I, Orsetti A, Marconnet P, Gros P, Larue C, Trinquier S, Pau B, Calzolari C. Troponin I immunoenzymometric assays for detection of muscle damage applied to monitoring a triathlon. Clin Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/42.12.2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Rama
- Sanofi Recherche, Montpellier, France
| | | | - A Orsetti
- Sanofi Recherche, Montpellier, France
| | | | - P Gros
- Sanofi Recherche, Montpellier, France
| | - C Larue
- Sanofi Recherche, Montpellier, France
| | | | - B Pau
- Sanofi Recherche, Montpellier, France
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Rama D, Margaritis I, Orsetti A, Marconnet P, Gros P, Larue C, Trinquier S, Pau B, Calzolari C. Troponin I immunoenzymometric assays for detection of muscle damage applied to monitoring a triathlon. Clin Chem 1996; 42:2033-5. [PMID: 8969645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Rama
- Sanofi Recherche, Montpellier, France
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Brun JF, Bouix O, Monnier JF, Blachon C, Jourdan N, Baccara MT, Fédou C, Orsetti A. Increased insulin sensitivity and basal insulin effectiveness in postprandial reactive hypoglycaemia. Acta Diabetol 1996; 33:1-6. [PMID: 8777278 DOI: 10.1007/bf00571932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Glucose clamp experiments have shown that patients with reactive postprandial hypoglycaemia (PRH) frequently have an increased glucose disposal, but the relative involvement of insulin sensitivity (SI) and glucose effectiveness (Sg) in this process remains unknown. The minimal model approach was used to compare 13 patients in whom moderate reactive hypoglycaemia ( < 3.3 mmol) had been previously diagnosed and 13 matched controls. The intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT, 0.5 g/kg glucose IV) with 0.02 U/kg insulin given at the 19th min and frequent sampling over 180 min shows that PRH patients exhibit a higher glucose tolerance coefficient Kg (2.99 +/- 0.26 vs 2.19 +/- 0.12; P < 0.02), higher SI [22.9 +/- 6.4 vs 7.18 +/- 0.14 min-1/(microU/ml). 10(-4); P < 0.01] and higher Sg (3.84 +/- 0.35 vs 2.92 +/- 0.79 min-1. 10(-2); P < 0.05). The increase in Sg is explained by an increase in its component basal insulin effectiveness (BIE: 1.2 +/- 0.27 min-1.10(-2) in PRH subjects vs 0.58 +/- 0.07; P < 0.05) rather than an increase in Sg at zero insulin. The increase in BIE results from the high values of SI. In 4 PRH subjects SI and Sg were within the normal range, and the increase in Kg evidenced in the 9 others was explained by an increase in SI alone in 3 cases, in Sg alone in 1 case, and both SI and Sg in 5 cases. Thus, in sedentary subjects, the previously reported rise in tissue glucose assimilation is mainly explained by an increased insulin-mediated glucose disposal rather than non-insulin-mediated glucose disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Brun
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France
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Abstract
Exercise is associated with profound changes in glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. Endogenous opioid peptides may be involved in these metabolic adaptations. To gain insights into this hypothesis, we studied the effects of the opioid antagonist naloxone on the insulin response to glucose after a 2.5 h exercise bout, either by means of an intravascular glucose tolerance test in male Wistar rats or from rat islets of Langerhans isolated just after exercise. There was a tenfold increase in plasma beta-endorphin concentrations (9.8 +/- 2.1 vs. 114.2 +/- 22.0 fmol/ml, p < 0.001) in animals killed immediately after exercise. The in vivo post-exercise peak insulin response to glucose was markedly reduced compared to resting controls (p < 0.01). Interestingly, naloxone (10 mg/kg) still further decreased the insulin response compared to saline injected exercised rats (p < 0.05), but did not alter the response from resting animals. The post-exercise insulin response to 8.3 mM glucose was significantly reduced compared to resting rat islets (p < 0.05) and was further inhibited when naloxone (10 mu M) was added to the culture medium (p < 0.05). In another experiment, we also tested the effect of 10(-8) and 10(-6) M beta-endorphin on control islets. Both concentrations of beta-endorphin significantly increased the islet insulin response to 8.3 mM glucose (p < 0.05) and this effect was completely blocked by naloxone. These results suggest that endogenous opioid peptides participate in the physiological adaptation to exercise stress in maintaining post-exercise insulin response to glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bouix
- Departement de Physiologie, Faculte de Medecine, Montpellier Unite de Biologie de la Reproduction, CNRS-INR, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Brun JF, Guintrand-Hugret R, Boegner C, Bouix O, Orsetti A. Influence of short-term submaximal exercise on parameters of glucose assimilation analyzed with the minimal model. Metabolism 1995; 44:833-40. [PMID: 7616840 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(95)90234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
After exercise, glucose uptake in tissues increases by insulin-dependent and -independent mechanisms. We evaluated whether these two effects of exercise on glucose disposal can be detected with the minimal model technique. Seven healthy volunteers were submitted at random order to two frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTTs), one at rest and the other 25 minutes after a 15-minute exercise test. This exercise included 5 minutes of increasing workload on a cycloergometer followed by 10 minutes at 85% of the maximal theoretic heart rate. Bergman's minimal model of insulin action was used to analyze the two FSIVGTTs and produced the following parameters: coefficient of glucose tolerance (Kg), ie, the slope of the exponential decrease in glycemia between 4 and 19 minutes after intravenous glucose; insulin sensitivity (Sl); and glucose effectiveness at basal insulin (Sg). Sg was divided into its two components: basal insulin effectiveness ([BIE] Sl x basal insulin) and glucose effectiveness at zero insulin ([GEZI] Sg-BIE). After the exercise bout, subjects had an increased Kg (3.44 +/- 0.44 v 2.06 +/- 0.28 x 10(-2).min-1, P < .02), Sl (11.43 +/- 1.27 v 6.23 +/- 0.97 x 10(-4) microU/mL.min-1, P < .01), and Sg (4.40 +/- 0.55 v 2.81 +/- 0.36 x 10(-2).min-1, P < .02). The increase in Sg was mainly explained by a 60% increase in GEZI (3.6 +/- 0.57 v 2.25 +/- 0.36 x 10(-2).min-1, P < .02), but also by an increase in BIE (0.80 +/- 0.12 v 0.47 +/- 0.08 x 10(-2).min-1, P < .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Brun
- Prediabetes Unit, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier, France
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Bouix O, Reynier M, Guintrand-Hugret R, Orsetti A. Protective effect of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and nicotinamide on low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice. Horm Metab Res 1995; 27:216-20. [PMID: 7642171 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-979943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a treatment by gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and nicotinamide (NA) on low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in mice. Mean plasma glucose level was significantly elevated in mice given STZ by day 12 after the first STZ injection compared to controls (15.0 +/- 4.7 vs 8.0 +/- 1.6 mmol/l, p < 0.001) and 100% of the animals were severely diabetic by day 18. Plasma glucose levels remained in the normal range and no diabetic values were found in mice treated with combined treatment by GHB and NA for 25 days. However, hyperglycemia and glycosuria appeared within one week after discontinuation of the treatment. Treatment by either GHB or NA alone had only a slight and transient effect in preventing hyperglycemia. In vitro experiment on isolated pancreatic islets demonstrated that STZ-induced loss of insulin response to glucose was also counteracted by incubation with GHB and NA (Peak insulin response to 16.4 mM glucose: 0.69 +/- 0.31 vs 3.03 +/- 0.67 microU/islet/min), but not by GHB or NA alone. These results indicate that GHB and NA have complementary effects in preventing STZ-induced beta cell damage both in vivo and in vitro. This should be taken into account for future preventive strategies in human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bouix
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montpellier, France
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Abstract
The oral glucose tolerance test is not specific for diagnosing postprandial reactive hypoglycaemia, since it too frequently induces low blood glucose values in subjects who have never complained of symptoms of this. By contrast, the mixed meal tests are deceptive for this purpose because they do not induce hypoglycaemia in subjects who have complained of of hypoglycaemic symptoms. We investigated the frequency of hypoglycaemia after a standardized hyperglucidic breakfast test in three groups of subjects:group A, 43 control subjects; group B, 38 postprandial reactive hypoglycaemic patients; group C, 1193 asymptomatic subjects undergoing assessment of glycoregulation. In the 38 subjects with suspected reactive hypoglycaemia the mean blood glucose nadir was 3.48 +/- 0.08 mmol/l, i.e. lower than in control subjects (4.83 +/- 0.13 p < 0.0001). Blood glucose levels less than 3.3 mmol/l were found in 47.3% of subjects with suspected postprandial reactive hypoglycaemia (group B), i.e more frequently than in control subjects (group A: 2.2% p = 1.6 x 10(-6)) and asymptomatic subjects (group C: 1% p = 8 x 10(-22)). This markedly higher frequency of low blood glucose values in subjects with postprandial symptoms compared with control and asymptomatic subjects suggests that this test detects a tendency to hypoglycaemia after a standardized hyperglucidic breakfast. Since this test mimics average French eating habits, the results suggest that the patients undergo such symptoms in their everyday life, and that the hyperglucidic breakfast test is a simple alternative to ambulatory glucose sampling for diagnosis of postprandial reactive hypoglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Brun
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France
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Abstract
We investigated the effects of zinc supplementation in case of moderate growth retardation in which GH treatment could not be used. Zamic (ZA, an association containing arginine, L-methionine, and zinc; from Aguettant pharmaceuticals) was compared with arginine aspartate (AA) (5 g) in a crossover randomized trial (6 mo of each treatment at random order over 1 yr). We present preliminary results of 24 children who completed the study (3 girls, 21 boys, age 9-13 yr). Subjects had to be prepubertal, with no GH deficiency diagnosed. In 15 subjects growth velocity was lower than 5 mm/mo: In this case ZA improved growth velocity (rising from 3.105 +/- 0.229 to 5.4 +/- 0.69 mm/mo p < 0.01), whereas the effect of AA was not significant. The increase in growth velocity was higher with ZA (+2.44 +/- 0.657 mm/mo) than AA (+0.438 +/- 0.450 mm/mo) p < 0.05. These results suggest that ZA is more efficient than AA, consistent with the hypothesis that zinc needs are increased in those children in this period of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fons
- Department of Physiology (Faculty of Medicine), Montpellier, France
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the possible involvement of the endogenous opiate system in the changes in immune competence induced by isolated exercise. Male untrained rats were subjected to a 2.5 hours swimming exercise bout. Animals were killed 15 min after the end of the exercise. The concentration of leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes and T4 (T-helper), T8 (T-suppressor/cytotoxic), interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) and transferrin receptor (TrfR) positive lymphocytes were determined both in peripheral blood and spleen by flow cytometric analysis. Exercise resulted in a significant decrease in 1) blood lymphocyte and splenic granulocyte number (p < 0.05), 2) blood and splenic T4 positive lymphocytes and T4/T8 ratio (p < 0.05), and 3) blood and splenic IL-2R and TrfR positive lymphocytes (p < 0.05). The injection of the opiate blocker naloxone to exercising rats induced a decrease in the concentration and proportion of T8 positive lymphocytes, thereby restoring a normal T4/T8 ratio both in peripheral blood and spleen. Naloxone had no effect in control animals. The concentration and proportion of IL-2R and TrfR positive lymphocytes were not affected by naloxone. The mechanisms of the immunomodulation induced by isolated intense exercise are unclear. These data suggest that endogenous opiates participate in the alteration of cell-mediated immunity associated with exercise by modulating the T8 (suppressor/cytotoxic)-cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bouix
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Montpellier, France
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Brun JF, Dieu-Cambrezy C, Charpiat A, Fons C, Fedou C, Micallef JP, Fussellier M, Bardet L, Orsetti A. Serum zinc in highly trained adolescent gymnasts. Biol Trace Elem Res 1995; 47:273-8. [PMID: 7779557 DOI: 10.1007/bf02790127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Serum zinc was measured in 20 adolescent gymnasts (9 boys, 11 girls, age 12-15 yr) explored for detecting possible adverse effects of intense training on pubertal maturation and growth. They had low serum zinc (0.599 +/- 0.026 mg/L) when compared to matched control sedentary children (n = 118 mean 0.81 +/- 0.014 p < 0.001). Girls had lower zinc than boys (0.557 +/- 0.023 vs 0.651 +/- 0.044 p < 0.001). Zinc was correlated to isometric adductor strength (r = 0.468 p < 0.05). Children with serum zinc < 0.6 mg/L had lower insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 than others (2.326 +/- 0.264 vs 2.699 +/- 0.12 p < 0.01). Thus, zinc is lowered in trained adolescent gymnasts and even lower in females. This reduction could play some role in abnormalities of puberty, growth, or muscular performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Brun
- INSERM U103 (Biomechanics), Montpellier, France
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Dupuy-Fons C, Brun JF, Mallart C, Carvajal J, Fussellier M, Bardet L, Orsetti A. In vitro influence of zinc and magnesium on the deformability of red blood cells artificially hardened by heating. Biol Trace Elem Res 1995; 47:247-55. [PMID: 7779554 DOI: 10.1007/bf02790124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements have been shown to improve red blood cell (RBC) deformability: zinc in sickle cell disease and magnesium in an in vitro model of chemically rigidified erythrocytes. In this study, we investigated the effect and the influence of incubation time of zinc or magnesium on an in vitro model of rigidified RBCs by heating. Erythrocyte rigidity was determined by viscosimetry at high shear rate by a falling ball viscosimeter MT 90. In the first part of the study, six normal volunteers participated. Viscosimetry was performed on native blood before and after heating the sample for 10 min at 50 degrees C. Therefore, increasing concentrations of zinc gluconate (final concentration: 0.5-4 g/L) or isotonic NaCl as control medium were added to the sample. Heating induced a twofold increase in all indices of RBC rigidity (p < 0.05). At all these concentrations of zinc, a highly significant, dose-related fluidifying effect was observed (40-70%): this effect was immediately obtained and did not change over 60 min. Even at the highest concentration, recovery was not complete. In the second part of the study, we studied magnesium's effects on blood. In a first protocol, whole blood was rigidified by heating at 56 degrees C for 10 min, and the correcting effect of 5 min of incubation at 37 degrees C of RBCs in 150 mmol/L NaCl, MgSO4, magnesium acetate, and magnesium gluconate was investigated. In a second protocol, the same incubation with NaCl and magnesium salts was made on blood that had not been previously heated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dupuy-Fons
- Laboratoire de Physique Industrielle Pharmaceutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
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Dupuy-Fons C, Brun J, Pellerin F, Laborde J, Bardet L, Orsetti A, Janbon C. Relationships between blood rheology and transcutaneous oxygen pressure in peripheral occlusive arterial disease. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 1995. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-1995-15206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Dupuy-Fons
- Service de Médecine Interne B, Hôpital Saint-Eloi
- Service de Physique Industrielle Pharmaceutique et Traitement de l'Information, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34 000 Montpellier, France
| | - J.F. Brun
- Service d'Exploration des Métabolismes et Hormones, Hôpital Lapeyronie
| | - F. Pellerin
- Service de Médecine Interne B, Hôpital Saint-Eloi
| | - J.C. Laborde
- Service de Médecine Interne B, Hôpital Saint-Eloi
| | - L. Bardet
- Service de Physique Industrielle Pharmaceutique et Traitement de l'Information, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34 000 Montpellier, France
| | - A. Orsetti
- Service d'Exploration des Métabolismes et Hormones, Hôpital Lapeyronie
| | - C. Janbon
- Service de Médecine Interne B, Hôpital Saint-Eloi
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Brun JF, Guintrand-Hugret R, Fons C, Carvajal J, Fedou C, Fussellier M, Bardet L, Orsetti A. Effects of oral zinc gluconate on glucose effectiveness and insulin sensitivity in humans. Biol Trace Elem Res 1995; 47:385-91. [PMID: 7779574 DOI: 10.1007/bf02790141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Zinc improves both insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, and exerts insulin-like effects. We investigated its acute effects on the parameters of glucose assimilation determined with the minimal model technique from frequent sampling intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) in seven healthy volunteers. FSIVGTTs (0.5 g/kg of glucose, followed by 2 U insulin i.v. injection at 19 min) were performed after the subjects had taken 20 mg zinc gluconate twice (the evening before and 30 min before the beginning of the test) or placebo pills (simple blind randomized protocol). Glucose assimilation was analyzed by calculating Kg (slope of the exponential decrease in glycemia), glucose effectiveness Sg (i.e., ability of glucose itself to increase its own disposal independent of insulin response), and SI (insulin sensitivity, i.e. the effect of increases in insulinemia on glucose disposal). The two latter parameters were calculated by fitting the experimental data with the two equations of Bergman's "minimal model." Zinc increased Kg (p < 0.05) and Sg (p < 0.05), whereas SI and insulin first-phase secretion did not significantly increase. This study suggests that zinc improves glucose assimilation, as evidenced by the increase in Kg, and that this improvement results mainly from an increase in glucose effectiveness (insulin-like effect), rather than an action on insulin response or insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Brun
- Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France
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Brun J, Boulot P, Micallef J, Viala J, Orsetti A. Physiological modifications of blood viscosity and red blood cell aggregation during labor and delivery. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 1995. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-1995-15103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.F. Brun
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes Hôpital Lapeyronie, 34295 Montpellier-cédex 5, France
- Labotratoire de Physiologie II, Institut de Biologie, Faculté de Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - P. Boulot
- Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, 34295 Montpellier-cédex 5, France
| | - J.P. Micallef
- INSERM U103 (Biomechnics) F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - J.L. Viala
- Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, 34295 Montpellier-cédex 5, France
| | - A. Orsetti
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes Hôpital Lapeyronie, 34295 Montpellier-cédex 5, France
- Labotratoire de Physiologie II, Institut de Biologie, Faculté de Médecine, Montpellier, France
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Brun J, Micallef J, Supparo I, Orsetti A. Effects of a standardized breakfast compared to fasting on the hemorheologic responses to submaximal exercise. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 1995. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-1995-15208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.F. Brun
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes, CHRU Lapeyronie 34059 Montpellier-cédex, France
| | | | - I. Supparo
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes, CHRU Lapeyronie 34059 Montpellier-cédex, France
| | - A. Orsetti
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes, CHRU Lapeyronie 34059 Montpellier-cédex, France
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Brun J, Micallef J, Supparo I, Rama D, Benezis C, Orsetti A. Maximal oxygen uptake and lactate thresholds during exercise are related to blood viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation in professional football players. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 1995. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-1995-15207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.F. Brun
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes, CHRU de Montpellier, F-34059 Montpellier, France
| | - J.P. Micallef
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes, CHRU de Montpellier, F-34059 Montpellier, France
| | - I. Supparo
- INSERM U103 (Biomechanics) Montpellier, France
| | - D. Rama
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes, CHRU de Montpellier, F-34059 Montpellier, France
| | - C. Benezis
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes, CHRU de Montpellier, F-34059 Montpellier, France
| | - A. Orsetti
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes, CHRU de Montpellier, F-34059 Montpellier, France
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Brun J, Monnier J, Charpiat A, Orsetti A. Longitudinal study of relationships between red cell aggregation at rest and lactate response to exercise after training in young gymnasts. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 1995. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-1995-15202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.F. Brun
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes, CHU de Montpellier, F-34059 Montpellier, France
| | - J.F. Monnier
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes, CHU de Montpellier, F-34059 Montpellier, France
| | - A. Charpiat
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes, CHU de Montpellier, F-34059 Montpellier, France
| | - A. Orsetti
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes, CHU de Montpellier, F-34059 Montpellier, France
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Bouix O, Brun JF, Benani R, Orsetti A. β-endorphine plasmatique, comportement alimentaire et glucorégulation lors de l'exercice physique. Sci Sports 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0765-1597(96)89352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bouix O, Brun JF, Fédou C, Raynaud E, Kerdélhué B, Lenoir V, Orsetti A. Plasma beta-endorphin, corticotrophin and growth hormone responses to exercise in pubertal and prepubertal children. Horm Metab Res 1994; 26:195-9. [PMID: 8082874 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1000810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An increase in plasma beta-endorphin concentrations during exercise has been reported in adult men and women by several investigators. However, very little is known about this physiological hormonal response to exercise in children. In this study, we investigated plasma beta-endorphin, ACTH and GH responses to exercise in 40 prepubertal and pubertal children. Subjects were recruited as part of a population of children and adolescents presenting growth retardation and were selected on the basis of the absence of any clinical or biological signs of endocrine or metabolic disease. There were 16 girls and 24 boys with 24 prepubertal and 16 pubertal individuals. A standardised 15 min workload on cycloergometer was used to progressively increase the heart rate of the children up to 90% of the theoretical maximal value. Exercise resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.01) in plasma beta-endorphin (mean +/- SEM) (4.26 +/- 0.47 vs 5.74 +/- 0.56 fmol/ml), ACTH (3.71 +/- 0.41 vs 6.2 +/- 0.62 fmol/ml) and GH (147 +/- 29 vs 364 +/- 67 fmol/ml). The percentage of children with significant hormonal response to exercise was about 75% for each of the 3 hormones but only 3 of the 40 children studied did not show any hormonal response to exercise. Exercise-induced increases in plasma beta-endorphin and ACTH were significantly correlated (p < 0.01). By contrast, there was no significant relationship between GH and beta-endorphin or ACTH values. Furthermore, whereas exercise-induced plasma GH increase was significantly higher in pubertal than in prepubertal children (p < 0.001), corresponding beta-endorphin and ACTH levels were quite similar in the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bouix
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Montpellier, France
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Bouix O, Najimi A, Orsetti A. Modulation de la réponse insulinique par les opiacés endogènes après un exercice physique chez le rat. Sci Sports 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0765-1597(05)80068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- J.F. Brun
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes CHRU Lapeyronie 34059 Montpellier-cédex
| | - J.P. Micallef
- INSERM U103 (Biomechanics) F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - A. Orsetti
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes CHRU Lapeyronie 34059 Montpellier-cédex
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Brun J, El Bouhmadi A, Boulot P, Rousseau O, Laffargue F, Viala J, Orsetti A. Evaluation of erythrocyte hyperaggregation in fetal blood drawn by cordocentesis as a marker of fetal diseases. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 1994. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-1994-14501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.F. Brun
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes et Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Complexe Hospitalier Lapeyronie et Arnaud de Villeneuve 34059 Montpellier-cédex, France
| | - A. El Bouhmadi
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes et Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Complexe Hospitalier Lapeyronie et Arnaud de Villeneuve 34059 Montpellier-cédex, France
| | - P. Boulot
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes et Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Complexe Hospitalier Lapeyronie et Arnaud de Villeneuve 34059 Montpellier-cédex, France
| | - O. Rousseau
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes et Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Complexe Hospitalier Lapeyronie et Arnaud de Villeneuve 34059 Montpellier-cédex, France
| | - F. Laffargue
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes et Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Complexe Hospitalier Lapeyronie et Arnaud de Villeneuve 34059 Montpellier-cédex, France
| | - J.L. Viala
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes et Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Complexe Hospitalier Lapeyronie et Arnaud de Villeneuve 34059 Montpellier-cédex, France
| | - A. Orsetti
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Métabolismes et Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Complexe Hospitalier Lapeyronie et Arnaud de Villeneuve 34059 Montpellier-cédex, France
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Brun J, Boulot P, Rousseau O, El Bouhmadi A, Laffargue F, Viala J, Orsetti A. Modifications of erythrocyte aggregation during labor and delivery. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 1994. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-1994-14502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.F. Brun
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Metabolismes (Professeur A. Orsetti), Hopital Lapeyronie, 34059 Montpellier-cedex, France ; Laboratoire de Physiologie II, Institut de Biologie, Faculte de Medecine, Montpellier, France
| | - P. Boulot
- Service de Gynecologie et Obstetrique de Montpellier, 13 Avenue du Professeur Grasset, 34050 Montpellier
| | - O. Rousseau
- Service de Gynecologie et Obstetrique de Montpellier, 13 Avenue du Professeur Grasset, 34050 Montpellier
| | - A. El Bouhmadi
- Service de Gynecologie et Obstetrique de Montpellier, 13 Avenue du Professeur Grasset, 34050 Montpellier
| | - F. Laffargue
- Service de Gynecologie et Obstetrique de Montpellier, 13 Avenue du Professeur Grasset, 34050 Montpellier
| | - J.L. Viala
- Service de Gynecologie et Obstetrique de Montpellier, 13 Avenue du Professeur Grasset, 34050 Montpellier
| | - A. Orsetti
- Service d'Exploration Physiologique des Hormones et des Metabolismes (Professeur A. Orsetti), Hopital Lapeyronie, 34059 Montpellier-cedex, France ; Laboratoire de Physiologie II, Institut de Biologie, Faculte de Medecine, Montpellier, France
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