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Desmond LW, Holbrook EM, Wright CTO, Zambrano CA, Stamper CE, Bohr AD, Frank MG, Podell BK, Moreno JA, MacDonald AS, Reber SO, Hernández-Pando R, Lowry CA. Effects of Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659 and Lipopolysaccharide Challenge on Polarization of Murine BV-2 Microglial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:474. [PMID: 38203645 PMCID: PMC10779110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the in vivo administration of soil-derived bacteria with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties, such as Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659, can prevent a stress-induced shift toward an inflammatory M1 microglial immunophenotype and microglial priming in the central nervous system (CNS). It remains unclear whether M. vaccae NCTC 11659 can act directly on microglia to mediate these effects. This study was designed to determine the effects of M. vaccae NCTC 11659 on the polarization of naïve BV-2 cells, a murine microglial cell line, and BV-2 cells subsequently challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Briefly, murine BV-2 cells were exposed to 100 µg/mL whole-cell, heat-killed M. vaccae NCTC 11659 or sterile borate-buffered saline (BBS) vehicle, followed, 24 h later, by exposure to 0.250 µg/mL LPS (Escherichia coli 0111: B4; n = 3) in cell culture media vehicle (CMV) or a CMV control condition. Twenty-four hours after the LPS or CMV challenge, cells were harvested to isolate total RNA. An analysis using the NanoString platform revealed that, by itself, M. vaccae NCTC 11659 had an "adjuvant-like" effect, while exposure to LPS increased the expression of mRNAs encoding proinflammatory cytokines, chemokine ligands, the C3 component of complement, and components of inflammasome signaling such as Nlrp3. Among LPS-challenged cells, M. vaccae NCTC 11659 had limited effects on differential gene expression using a threshold of 1.5-fold change. A subset of genes was assessed using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR), including Arg1, Ccl2, Il1b, Il6, Nlrp3, and Tnf. Based on the analysis using real-time RT-PCR, M. vaccae NCTC 11659 by itself again induced "adjuvant-like" effects, increasing the expression of Il1b, Il6, and Tnf while decreasing the expression of Arg1. LPS by itself increased the expression of Ccl2, Il1b, Il6, Nlrp3, and Tnf while decreasing the expression of Arg1. Among LPS-challenged cells, M. vaccae NCTC 11659 enhanced LPS-induced increases in the expression of Nlrp3 and Tnf, consistent with microglial priming. In contrast, among LPS-challenged cells, although M. vaccae NCTC 11659 did not fully prevent the effects of LPS relative to vehicle-treated control conditions, it increased Arg1 mRNA expression, suggesting that M. vaccae NCTC 11659 induces an atypical microglial phenotype. Thus, M. vaccae NCTC 11659 acutely (within 48 h) induced immune-activating and microglial-priming effects when applied directly to murine BV-2 microglial cells, in contrast to its long-term anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects observed on the CNS when whole-cell, heat-killed preparations of M. vaccae NCTC 11659 were given peripherally in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke W. Desmond
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (L.W.D.); (E.M.H.); (C.T.O.W.); (C.A.Z.); (C.E.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Evan M. Holbrook
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (L.W.D.); (E.M.H.); (C.T.O.W.); (C.A.Z.); (C.E.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Caelan T. O. Wright
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (L.W.D.); (E.M.H.); (C.T.O.W.); (C.A.Z.); (C.E.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Cristian A. Zambrano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (L.W.D.); (E.M.H.); (C.T.O.W.); (C.A.Z.); (C.E.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Christopher E. Stamper
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (L.W.D.); (E.M.H.); (C.T.O.W.); (C.A.Z.); (C.E.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Adam D. Bohr
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (L.W.D.); (E.M.H.); (C.T.O.W.); (C.A.Z.); (C.E.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Matthew G. Frank
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (L.W.D.); (E.M.H.); (C.T.O.W.); (C.A.Z.); (C.E.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.F.)
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Brendan K. Podell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Julie A. Moreno
- Prion Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Andrew S. MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK;
| | - Stefan O. Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional De Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (L.W.D.); (E.M.H.); (C.T.O.W.); (C.A.Z.); (C.E.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.F.)
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Ridley AJL, Ou Y, Karlsson R, Pun N, Birchenough HL, Mulholland IZ, Birch ML, MacDonald AS, Jowitt TA, Lawless C, Miller RL, Dyer DP. Chemokines form complex signals during inflammation and disease that can be decoded by extracellular matrix proteoglycans. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadf2537. [PMID: 37934811 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adf2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine-driven leukocyte recruitment is a key component of the immune response and of various diseases. Therapeutically targeting the chemokine system in inflammatory disease has been unsuccessful, which has been attributed to redundancy. We investigated why chemokines instead have specific, specialized functions, as demonstrated by multiple studies. We analyzed the expression of genes encoding chemokines and their receptors across species, tissues, and diseases. This analysis revealed complex expression patterns such that genes encoding multiple chemokines that mediated recruitment of the same leukocyte type were expressed in the same context, such as the genes encoding the CXCR3 ligands CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11. Through biophysical approaches, we showed that these chemokines differentially interacted with extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans (ECM GAGs), which was enhanced by sulfation of specific GAGs. Last, in vivo approaches demonstrated that GAG binding was critical for the CXCL9-dependent recruitment of specific T cell subsets but not of others, irrespective of CXCR3 expression. Our data demonstrate that interactions with ECM GAGs regulated whether chemokines were presented on cell surfaces or remained more soluble, thereby affecting chemokine availability and ensuring specificity of chemokine action. Our findings provide a mechanistic understanding of chemokine-mediated immune cell recruitment and identify strategies to target specific chemokines during inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J L Ridley
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Yaqing Ou
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Richard Karlsson
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Nabina Pun
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Holly L Birchenough
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Iashia Z Mulholland
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Mary L Birch
- Biological Services Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Thomas A Jowitt
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Craig Lawless
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Rebecca L Miller
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Douglas P Dyer
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, University of Manchester, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
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3
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Costain AH, Phythian-Adams AT, Colombo SAP, Marley AK, Owusu C, Cook PC, Brown SL, Webb LM, Lundie RJ, Borger JG, Smits HH, Berriman M, MacDonald AS. Corrigendum: Dynamics of host immune response development during Schistosoma mansoni infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1229665. [PMID: 37675098 PMCID: PMC10478573 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.906338.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice H. Costain
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Stefano A. P. Colombo
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Angela K. Marley
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Owusu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C. Cook
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila L. Brown
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren M. Webb
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | | | - Hermelijn H. Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Matthew Berriman
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S. MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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4
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Colombo SAP, Brown SL, Hepworth MR, Hankinson J, Granato F, Kitchen SJ, Hussell T, Simpson A, Cook PC, MacDonald AS. Comparative phenotype of circulating versus tissue immune cells in human lung and blood compartments during health and disease. Discov Immunol 2023; 2:kyad009. [PMID: 37545765 PMCID: PMC10403752 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The lung is a dynamic mucosal surface constantly exposed to a variety of immunological challenges including harmless environmental antigens, pollutants, and potentially invasive microorganisms. Dysregulation of the immune system at this crucial site is associated with a range of chronic inflammatory conditions including asthma and Chronic Pulmonary Obstructive Disease (COPD). However, due to its relative inaccessibility, our fundamental understanding of the human lung immune compartment is limited. To address this, we performed flow cytometric immune phenotyping of human lung tissue and matched blood samples that were isolated from 115 donors undergoing lung tissue resection. We provide detailed characterization of the lung mononuclear phagocyte and T cell compartments, demonstrating clear phenotypic differences between lung tissue cells and those in peripheral circulation. Additionally, we show that CD103 expression demarcates pulmonary T cells that have undergone recent TCR and IL-7R signalling. Unexpectedly, we discovered that the immune landscape from asthmatic or COPD donors was broadly comparable to controls. Our data provide a much-needed expansion of our understanding of the pulmonary immune compartment in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano A P Colombo
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sheila L Brown
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew R Hepworth
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jenny Hankinson
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Felice Granato
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Semra J Kitchen
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Angela Simpson
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter C Cook
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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5
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Finlay CM, Parkinson JE, Zhang L, Chan BHK, Ajendra J, Chenery A, Morrison A, Kaymak I, Houlder EL, Murtuza Baker S, Dickie BR, Boon L, Konkel JE, Hepworth MR, MacDonald AS, Randolph GJ, Rückerl D, Allen JE. T helper 2 cells control monocyte to tissue-resident macrophage differentiation during nematode infection of the pleural cavity. Immunity 2023; 56:1064-1081.e10. [PMID: 36948193 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The recent revolution in tissue-resident macrophage biology has resulted largely from murine studies performed in C57BL/6 mice. Here, using both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, we analyze immune cells in the pleural cavity. Unlike C57BL/6 mice, naive tissue-resident large-cavity macrophages (LCMs) of BALB/c mice failed to fully implement the tissue-residency program. Following infection with a pleural-dwelling nematode, these pre-existing differences were accentuated with LCM expansion occurring in C57BL/6, but not in BALB/c mice. While infection drove monocyte recruitment in both strains, only in C57BL/6 mice were monocytes able to efficiently integrate into the resident pool. Monocyte-to-macrophage conversion required both T cells and interleukin-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα) signaling. The transition to tissue residency altered macrophage function, and GATA6+ tissue-resident macrophages were required for host resistance to nematode infection. Therefore, during tissue nematode infection, T helper 2 (Th2) cells control the differentiation pathway of resident macrophages, which determines infection outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor M Finlay
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
| | - James E Parkinson
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Lili Zhang
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Brian H K Chan
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jesuthas Ajendra
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Alistair Chenery
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Anya Morrison
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Irem Kaymak
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Emma L Houlder
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Syed Murtuza Baker
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ben R Dickie
- Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, University of Manchester, Salford M6 8HD, UK
| | | | - Joanne E Konkel
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Matthew R Hepworth
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dominik Rückerl
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Judith E Allen
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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Houlder EL, Costain AH, Nambuya I, Brown SL, Koopman JPR, Langenberg MCC, Janse JJ, Hoogerwerf MA, Ridley AJL, Forde-Thomas JE, Colombo SAP, Winkel BMF, Galdon AA, Hoffmann KF, Cook PC, Roestenberg M, Mpairwe H, MacDonald AS. Pulmonary inflammation promoted by type-2 dendritic cells is a feature of human and murine schistosomiasis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1863. [PMID: 37012228 PMCID: PMC10070318 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease affecting over 200 million people in multiple organs, including the lungs. Despite this, there is little understanding of pulmonary immune responses during schistosomiasis. Here, we show type-2 dominated lung immune responses in both patent (egg producing) and pre-patent (larval lung migration) murine Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) infection. Human pre-patent S. mansoni infection pulmonary (sputum) samples revealed a mixed type-1/type-2 inflammatory cytokine profile, whilst a case-control study showed no significant pulmonary cytokine changes in endemic patent infection. However, schistosomiasis induced expansion of pulmonary type-2 conventional dendritic cells (cDC2s) in human and murine hosts, at both infection stages. Further, cDC2s were required for type-2 pulmonary inflammation in murine pre-patent or patent infection. These data elevate our fundamental understanding of pulmonary immune responses during schistosomiasis, which may be important for future vaccine design, as well as for understanding links between schistosomiasis and other lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Houlder
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - A H Costain
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - I Nambuya
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - S L Brown
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J P R Koopman
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - M C C Langenberg
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J J Janse
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - M A Hoogerwerf
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - A J L Ridley
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J E Forde-Thomas
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - S A P Colombo
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - B M F Winkel
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - A A Galdon
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - K F Hoffmann
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - P C Cook
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - M Roestenberg
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - H Mpairwe
- MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - A S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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7
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Stark KA, Rinaldi G, Cortés A, Costain A, MacDonald AS, Cantacessi C. The role of the host gut microbiome in the pathophysiology of schistosomiasis. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e12970. [PMID: 36655799 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of schistosomiasis is linked to the formation of fibrous granulomas around eggs that become trapped in host tissues, particularly the intestines and liver, during their migration to reach the lumen of the vertebrate gut. While the development of Schistosoma egg-induced granulomas is the result of finely regulated crosstalk between egg-secreted antigens and host immunity, evidence has started to emerge of the likely contribution of an additional player-the host gut microbiota-to pathological processes that culminate with the formation of these tissue lesions. Uncovering the role(s) of schistosome-mediated changes in gut microbiome composition and function in granuloma formation and, more broadly, in the pathophysiology of schistosomiasis, will shed light on the mechanisms underlying this three-way parasite-host-microbiome interplay. Such knowledge may, in turn, pave the way towards the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara A Stark
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gabriel Rinaldi
- Department of Life Sciences, Edward Llwyd Building, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Alba Cortés
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Alice Costain
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Cinzia Cantacessi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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8
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Holbrook EM, Zambrano CA, Wright CTO, Dubé EM, Stewart JR, Sanders WJ, Frank MG, MacDonald AS, Reber SO, Lowry CA. Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659, a Soil-Derived Bacterium with Stress Resilience Properties, Modulates the Proinflammatory Effects of LPS in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065176. [PMID: 36982250 PMCID: PMC10049321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory conditions, including allergic asthma and conditions in which chronic low-grade inflammation is a risk factor, such as stress-related psychiatric disorders, are prevalent and are a significant cause of disability worldwide. Novel approaches for the prevention and treatment of these disorders are needed. One approach is the use of immunoregulatory microorganisms, such as Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659, which have anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and stress-resilience properties. However, little is known about how M. vaccae NCTC 11659 affects specific immune cell targets, including monocytes, which can traffic to peripheral organs and the central nervous system and differentiate into monocyte-derived macrophages that, in turn, can drive inflammation and neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated the effects of M. vaccae NCTC 11659 and subsequent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge on gene expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages. THP-1 monocytes were differentiated into macrophages, exposed to M. vaccae NCTC 11659 (0, 10, 30, 100, 300 µg/mL), then, 24 h later, challenged with LPS (0, 0.5, 2.5, 250 ng/mL), and assessed for gene expression 24 h following challenge with LPS. Exposure to M. vaccae NCTC 11659 prior to challenge with higher concentrations of LPS (250 ng/mL) polarized human monocyte-derived macrophages with decreased IL12A, IL12B, and IL23A expression relative to IL10 and TGFB1 mRNA expression. These data identify human monocyte-derived macrophages as a direct target of M. vaccae NCTC 11659 and support the development of M. vaccae NCTC 11659 as a potential intervention to prevent stress-induced inflammation and neuroinflammation implicated in the etiology and pathophysiology of inflammatory conditions and stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M. Holbrook
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Cristian A. Zambrano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Caelan T. O. Wright
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Dubé
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jessica R. Stewart
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - William J. Sanders
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Matthew G. Frank
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Andrew S. MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Stefan O. Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), The Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Senior Fellow, inVIVO Planetary Health, of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 07093, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-303-492-6029; Fax: +1-303-492-0811
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9
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Parker H, Gravagnuolo AM, Vranic S, Crica LE, Newman L, Carnell O, Bussy C, Dookie RS, Prestat E, Haigh SJ, Lozano N, Kostarelos K, MacDonald AS. Graphene oxide modulates dendritic cell ability to promote T cell activation and cytokine production. Nanoscale 2022; 14:17297-17314. [PMID: 36374249 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02169b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An important aspect of immunotherapy is the ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to prime T cell immunity, an approach that has yielded promising results in some early phase clinical trials. However, novel approaches are required to improve DC therapeutic efficacy by enhancing their uptake of, and activation by, disease relevant antigens. The carbon nano-material graphene oxide (GO) may provide a unique way to deliver antigen to innate immune cells and modify their ability to initiate effective adaptive immune responses. We have assessed whether GO of various lateral sizes affects DC activation and function in vitro and in vivo, including their ability to take up, process and present the well-defined model antigen ovalbumin (OVA). We have found that GO flakes are internalised by DCs, while having minimal effect on their viability, activation phenotype or cytokine production. Although adsorption of OVA protein to either small or large GO flakes promoted its uptake into DCs, large GO interfered with OVA processing. In terms of modulation of DC function, delivery of OVA via small GO flakes significantly enhanced DC ability to induce proliferation of OVA-specific CD4+ T cells, promoting granzyme B secretion in vitro. On the other hand, delivery of OVA via large GO flakes augmented DC ability to induce proliferation of OVA-specific CD8+ T cells, and their production of IFN-γ and granzyme B. Together, these data demonstrate the capacity of GO of different lateral dimensions to act as a promising delivery platform for DC modulation of distinct facets of the adaptive immune response, information that could be exploited for future development of targeted immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Parker
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Alfredo Maria Gravagnuolo
- Nanomedicine Lab, University of Manchester, UK.
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Sandra Vranic
- Nanomedicine Lab, University of Manchester, UK.
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Livia Elena Crica
- Nanomedicine Lab, University of Manchester, UK.
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Leon Newman
- Nanomedicine Lab, University of Manchester, UK.
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Oliver Carnell
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Cyrill Bussy
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, UK.
- Nanomedicine Lab, University of Manchester, UK.
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Rebecca S Dookie
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Eric Prestat
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, UK
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, SciTech Daresbury Campus, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK
| | - Sarah J Haigh
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, UK
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Neus Lozano
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, University of Manchester, UK.
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, UK
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, UK.
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10
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Bain CC, Louwe PA, Steers NJ, Bravo‐Blas A, Hegarty LM, Pridans C, Milling SW, MacDonald AS, Rückerl D, Jenkins SJ. CD11c identifies microbiota and EGR2-dependent MHCII + serous cavity macrophages with sexually dimorphic fate in mice. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1243-1257. [PMID: 35568024 PMCID: PMC7613339 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The murine serous cavities contain a rare and enigmatic population of short-lived F4/80lo MHCII+ macrophages but what regulates their development, survival, and fate is unclear. Here, we show that mature F4/80lo MHCII+ peritoneal macrophages arise after birth, but that this occurs largely independently of colonization by microbiota. Rather, microbiota specifically regulate development of a subpopulation of CD11c+ cells that express the immunoregulatory cytokine RELM-α, are reliant on the transcription factor EGR2, and develop independently of the growth factor CSF1. Furthermore, we demonstrate that intrinsic expression of RELM-α, a signature marker shared by CD11c+ and CD11c- F4/80lo MHCII+ cavity macrophages, regulates survival and differentiation of these cells in the peritoneal cavity in a sex-specific manner. Thus, we identify a previously unappreciated diversity in serous cavity F4/80lo MHCII+ macrophages that is regulated by microbiota, and describe a novel sex and site-specific function for RELM-α in regulating macrophage endurance that reveals the unique survival challenge presented to monocyte-derived macrophages by the female peritoneal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum C. Bain
- Queens Medical Research InstituteUniversity of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation ResearchEdinburghUK
| | - Pieter A. Louwe
- Queens Medical Research InstituteUniversity of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation ResearchEdinburghUK
| | | | - Alberto Bravo‐Blas
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and InflammationUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Lizi M. Hegarty
- Queens Medical Research InstituteUniversity of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation ResearchEdinburghUK
| | - Clare Pridans
- Queens Medical Research InstituteUniversity of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation ResearchEdinburghUK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Simon W.F. Milling
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and InflammationUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Andrew S. MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Infection, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Dominik Rückerl
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Infection, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Stephen J. Jenkins
- Queens Medical Research InstituteUniversity of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation ResearchEdinburghUK
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11
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Costain AH, Phythian-Adams AT, Colombo SAP, Marley AK, Owusu C, Cook PC, Brown SL, Webb LM, Lundie RJ, Smits HH, Berriman M, MacDonald AS. Dynamics of Host Immune Response Development During Schistosoma mansoni Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:906338. [PMID: 35958580 PMCID: PMC9362740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.906338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a disease of global significance, with severity and pathology directly related to how the host responds to infection. The immunological narrative of schistosomiasis has been constructed through decades of study, with researchers often focussing on isolated time points, cell types and tissue sites of interest. However, the field currently lacks a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the immune trajectory of schistosomiasis over infection and across multiple tissue sites. We have defined schistosome-elicited immune responses at several distinct stages of the parasite lifecycle, in three tissue sites affected by infection: the liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes. Additionally, by performing RNA-seq on the livers of schistosome infected mice, we have generated novel transcriptomic insight into the development of schistosome-associated liver pathology and fibrosis across the breadth of infection. Through depletion of CD11c+ cells during peak stages of schistosome-driven inflammation, we have revealed a critical role for CD11c+ cells in the co-ordination and regulation of Th2 inflammation during infection. Our data provide an updated and high-resolution account of how host immune responses evolve over the course of murine schistosomiasis, underscoring the significance of CD11c+ cells in dictating host immunopathology against this important helminth infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice H Costain
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alexander T Phythian-Adams
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano A P Colombo
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Angela K Marley
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Owusu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C Cook
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila L Brown
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren M Webb
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Hermelijn H Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Matthew Berriman
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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12
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Hulme H, Meikle LM, Strittmatter N, Swales J, Hamm G, Brown SL, Milling S, MacDonald AS, Goodwin RJ, Burchmore R, Wall DM. Mapping the Influence of the Gut Microbiota on Small Molecules across the Microbiome Gut Brain Axis. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2022; 33:649-659. [PMID: 35262356 PMCID: PMC9047441 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbes exert influence across the microbiome-gut-brain axis through neurotransmitter production, induction of host immunomodulators, or the release or induction of other microbial or host molecules. Here, we used mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), a label-free imaging tool, to map molecular changes in the gut and brain in germ-free, antibiotic-treated and control mice. We determined spatial distribution and relative quantification of neurotransmitters and their precursors in response to the microbiome. Using untargeted MSI, we detected a significant change in the levels of four identified small molecules in the brains of germ-free animals compared to controls. However, antibiotic treatment induced no significant changes in these same metabolites in the brain after 1 week of treatment. This work exemplifies the utility of MSI as a tool for the study of known and discovery of novel, mediators of microbiome-gut-brain axis communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Hulme
- Institute
of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary
and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Lynsey M. Meikle
- Institute
of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary
and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Strittmatter
- Imaging
and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K.
| | - John Swales
- Imaging
and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K.
| | - Gregory Hamm
- Imaging
and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K.
| | - Sheila L. Brown
- Lydia
Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology,
Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, U.K.
| | - Simon Milling
- Institute
of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary
and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S. MacDonald
- Lydia
Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology,
Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, U.K.
| | - Richard J.A. Goodwin
- Imaging
and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K.
| | - Richard Burchmore
- Institute
of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary
and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M. Wall
- Institute
of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary
and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
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13
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Lo JW, de Mucha MV, Henderson S, Roberts LB, Constable LE, Garrido‐Mesa N, Hertweck A, Stolarczyk E, Houlder EL, Jackson I, MacDonald AS, Powell N, Neves JF, Howard JK, Jenner RG, Lord GM. A population of naive-like CD4 + T cells stably polarized to the T H 1 lineage. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:566-581. [PMID: 35092032 PMCID: PMC9304323 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
T-bet is the lineage-specifying transcription factor for CD4+ TH 1 cells. T-bet has also been found in other CD4+ T cell subsets, including TH 17 cells and Treg, where it modulates their functional characteristics. However, we lack information on when and where T-bet is expressed during T cell differentiation and how this impacts T cell differentiation and function. To address this, we traced the ontogeny of T-bet-expressing cells using a fluorescent fate-mapping mouse line. We demonstrate that T-bet is expressed in a subset of CD4+ T cells that have naïve cell surface markers and transcriptional profile and that this novel cell population is phenotypically and functionally distinct from previously described populations of naïve and memory CD4+ T cells. Naïve-like T-bet-experienced cells are polarized to the TH 1 lineage, predisposed to produce IFN-γ upon cell activation, and resist repolarization to other lineages in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate that lineage-specifying factors can polarize T cells in the absence of canonical markers of T cell activation and that this has an impact on the subsequent T-helper response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W. Lo
- School of Immunology and Microbial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Division of Digestive DiseasesFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Maria Vila de Mucha
- UCL Cancer Institute and CRUK UCL CentreUniversity College London (UCL)LondonUK
| | - Stephen Henderson
- UCL Cancer Institute and CRUK UCL CentreUniversity College London (UCL)LondonUK
| | - Luke B. Roberts
- School of Immunology and Microbial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Laura E. Constable
- School of Immunology and Microbial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Division of Digestive DiseasesFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Natividad Garrido‐Mesa
- School of Immunology and Microbial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and ChemistryKingston UniversityLondonUK
| | - Arnulf Hertweck
- UCL Cancer Institute and CRUK UCL CentreUniversity College London (UCL)LondonUK
| | - Emilie Stolarczyk
- Abcam Plc.Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and SciencesGuy's Campus, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Emma L. Houlder
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Ian Jackson
- School of Immunology and Microbial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Andrew S. MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Nick Powell
- School of Immunology and Microbial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Division of Digestive DiseasesFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Joana F. Neves
- School of Immunology and Microbial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jane K. Howard
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and SciencesGuy's Campus, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Richard G. Jenner
- UCL Cancer Institute and CRUK UCL CentreUniversity College London (UCL)LondonUK
| | - Graham M. Lord
- School of Immunology and Microbial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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14
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Bain CC, MacDonald AS. The impact of the lung environment on macrophage development, activation and function: diversity in the face of adversity. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:223-234. [PMID: 35017701 PMCID: PMC8749355 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00480-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has been somewhat of a renaissance period for the field of macrophage biology. This renewed interest, combined with the advent of new technologies and development of novel model systems to assess different facets of macrophage biology, has led to major advances in our understanding of the diverse roles macrophages play in health, inflammation, infection and repair, and the dominance of tissue environments in influencing all of these areas. Here, we discuss recent developments in our understanding of lung macrophage heterogeneity, ontogeny, metabolism and function in the context of health and disease, and highlight core conceptual advances and key unanswered questions that we believe should be focus of work in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum C Bain
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.
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15
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Colombo SAP, Hashad R, Denning DW, Kumararatne DS, Ceron-Gutierrez L, Barcenas-Morales G, MacDonald AS, Harris C, Doffinger R, Kosmidis C. Defective interferon-gamma production is common in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:1822-1831. [PMID: 34850023 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune defects in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) are poorly characterised. We compared peripheral blood cytokine profiles in patients with CPA vs healthy controls and explored the relationship with disease severity. METHODS Interferon-gamma (IFNγ), IL-17, TNFα, IL-6, IL-12 and IL-10 were measured after in vitro stimulation of whole blood with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), β-glucan, zymosan (ZYM), IL-12 or IL-18, and combinations. Clinical parameters and mortality were correlated with cytokine production. RESULTS Cytokine profiles were evaluated in 133 patients (57.1% male, mean age 61 years). In comparison to controls, patients with CPA had significantly reduced production of IFNγ in response to stimulation with β-glucan+IL-12 (312 vs 988 pg/ml), LPS+IL-12 (252 vs 1033 pg/ml), ZYM+IL-12 (996 vs 2347 pg/ml), and IL-18+IL-12 (7193 vs 12330 pg/ml). Age >60 (p=0.05, HR 1.71, 95%CI 1.00-2.91) and COPD (p=0.039, HR 1.69, 95%CI 1.03-2.78) were associated with worse survival, whereas high IFNγ production in response to beta-glucan+IL-12 stimulation (p=0.026, HR 0.48, 95%CI 0.25-0.92) was associated with reduced mortality. CONCLUSION Patients with CPA show impaired IFNγ production in peripheral blood in response to stimuli. Defective IFNγ production ability correlates with worse outcomes. Immunotherapy with IFNγ could be beneficial for patients showing impaired IFNγ production in CPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano A P Colombo
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rola Hashad
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - David W Denning
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK
| | - Dinakantha S Kumararatne
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lourdes Ceron-Gutierrez
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Chris Harris
- National Aspergillosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Rainer Doffinger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chris Kosmidis
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK.,National Aspergillosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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16
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Webb LM, Phythian-Adams AT, Costain AH, Brown SL, Lundie RJ, Forde-Thomas J, Cook PC, Jackson-Jones LH, Marley AK, Smits HH, Hoffmann KF, Tait Wojno ED, MacDonald AS. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Facilitate Th Cell Cytokine Responses throughout Schistosoma mansoni Infection. Immunohorizons 2021; 5:721-732. [PMID: 34462311 PMCID: PMC8881908 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are potent producers of type I IFN (IFN-I) during viral infection and respond to IFN-I in a positive feedback loop that promotes their function. IFN-I shapes dendritic cell responses during helminth infection, impacting their ability to support Th2 responses. However, the role of pDCs in type 2 inflammation is unclear. Previous studies have shown that pDCs are dispensable for hepatic or splenic Th2 responses during the early stages of murine infection with the trematode Schistosoma mansoni at the onset of parasite egg laying. However, during S. mansoni infection, an ongoing Th2 response against mature parasite eggs is required to protect the liver and intestine from acute damage and how pDCs participate in immune responses to eggs and adult worms in various tissues beyond acute infection remains unclear. We now show that pDCs are required for optimal Th2 cytokine production in response to S. mansoni eggs in the intestinal-draining mesenteric lymph nodes throughout infection and for egg-specific IFN-γ at later time points of infection. Further, pDC depletion at chronic stages of infection led to increased hepatic and splenic pathology as well as abrogated Th2 cell cytokine production and activation in the liver. In vitro, mesenteric lymph node pDCs supported Th2 cell responses from infection-experienced CD4+ T cells, a process dependent on pDC IFN-I responsiveness, yet independent of Ag. Together, these data highlight a previously unappreciated role for pDCs and IFN-I in maintaining and reinforcing type 2 immunity in the lymph nodes and inflamed tissue during helminth infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Webb
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA;
| | | | - Alice H Costain
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sheila L Brown
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Josephine Forde-Thomas
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C Cook
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy H Jackson-Jones
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom; and
| | - Angela K Marley
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hermelijn H Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Karl F Hoffmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom;
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17
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Chenery AL, Rosini S, Parkinson JE, Ajendra J, Herrera JA, Lawless C, Chan BHK, Loke P, MacDonald AS, Kadler KE, Sutherland TE, Allen JE. IL-13 deficiency exacerbates lung damage and impairs epithelial-derived type 2 molecules during nematode infection. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/8/e202001000. [PMID: 34127548 PMCID: PMC8321663 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202001000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-13 is implicated in effective repair after acute lung injury and the pathogenesis of chronic diseases such as allergic asthma. Both these processes involve matrix remodelling, but understanding the specific contribution of IL-13 has been challenging because IL-13 shares receptors and signalling pathways with IL-4. Here, we used Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection as a model of acute lung damage comparing responses between WT and IL-13-deficient mice, in which IL-4 signalling is intact. We found that IL-13 played a critical role in limiting tissue injury and haemorrhaging in the lung, and through proteomic and transcriptomic profiling, identified IL-13-dependent changes in matrix and associated regulators. We further showed a requirement for IL-13 in the induction of epithelial-derived type 2 effector molecules such as RELM-α and surfactant protein D. Pathway analyses predicted that IL-13 induced cellular stress responses and regulated lung epithelial cell differentiation by suppression of Foxa2 pathways. Thus, in the context of acute lung damage, IL-13 has tissue-protective functions and regulates epithelial cell responses during type 2 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair L Chenery
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Silvia Rosini
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James E Parkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jesuthas Ajendra
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jeremy A Herrera
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Craig Lawless
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Brian HK Chan
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - P’ng Loke
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Karl E Kadler
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tara E Sutherland
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Judith E Allen
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK .,Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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18
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Abstract
Schistosome infection is a major cause of global morbidity, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is no effective vaccine for this major neglected tropical disease, and re-infection routinely occurs after chemotherapeutic treatment. Following invasion through the skin, larval schistosomula enter the circulatory system and migrate through the lung before maturing to adulthood in the mesenteric or urogenital vasculature. Eggs released from adult worms can become trapped in various tissues, with resultant inflammatory responses leading to hepato-splenic, intestinal, or urogenital disease – processes that have been extensively studied in recent years. In contrast, although lung pathology can occur in both the acute and chronic phases of schistosomiasis, the mechanisms underlying pulmonary disease are particularly poorly understood. In chronic infection, egg-mediated fibrosis and vascular destruction can lead to the formation of portosystemic shunts through which eggs can embolise to the lungs, where they can trigger granulomatous disease. Acute schistosomiasis, or Katayama syndrome, which is primarily evident in non-endemic individuals, occurs during pulmonary larval migration, maturation, and initial egg-production, often involving fever and a cough with an accompanying immune cell infiltrate into the lung. Importantly, lung migrating larvae are not just a cause of inflammation and pathology but are a key target for future vaccine design. However, vaccine efforts are hindered by a limited understanding of what constitutes a protective immune response to larvae. In this review, we explore the current understanding of pulmonary immune responses and inflammatory pathology in schistosomiasis, highlighting important unanswered questions and areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Houlder
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alice H Costain
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C Cook
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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19
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Cortés A, Clare S, Costain A, Almeida A, McCarthy C, Harcourt K, Brandt C, Tolley C, Rooney J, Berriman M, Lawley T, MacDonald AS, Rinaldi G, Cantacessi C. Baseline Gut Microbiota Composition Is Associated With Schistosoma mansoni Infection Burden in Rodent Models. Front Immunol 2020; 11:593838. [PMID: 33329584 PMCID: PMC7718013 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.593838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of growing evidence supporting the occurrence of complex interactions between Schistosoma and gut bacteria in mice and humans, no data is yet available on whether worm-mediated changes in microbiota composition are dependent on the baseline gut microbial profile of the vertebrate host. In addition, the impact of such changes on the susceptibility to, and pathophysiology of, schistosomiasis remains largely unexplored. In this study, mice colonized with gut microbial populations from a human donor (HMA mice), as well as microbiota-wild type (WT) animals, were infected with Schistosoma mansoni, and alterations of their gut microbial profiles at 50 days post-infection were compared to those occurring in uninfected HMA and WT rodents, respectively. Significantly higher worm and egg burdens, together with increased specific antibody responses to parasite antigens, were observed in HMA compared to WT mice. These differences were associated to extensive dissimilarities between the gut microbial profiles of each HMA and WT groups of mice at baseline; in particular, the gut microbiota of HMA animals was characterized by low microbial alpha diversity and expanded Proteobacteria, as well as by the absence of putative immunomodulatory bacteria (e.g. Lactobacillus). Furthermore, differences in infection-associated changes in gut microbiota composition were observed between HMA and WT mice. Altogether, our findings support the hypothesis that susceptibility to S.mansoni infection in mice is partially dependent on the composition of the host baseline microbiota. Moreover, this study highlights the applicability of HMA mouse models to address key biological questions on host-parasite-microbiota relationships in human helminthiases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Cortés
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Simon Clare
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Costain
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Almeida
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine McCarthy
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Harcourt
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Cordelia Brandt
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Tolley
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - James Rooney
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Berriman
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor Lawley
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S. MacDonald
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Rinaldi
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Cantacessi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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20
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Mayer JU, Brown SL, MacDonald AS, Milling SW. Defined Intestinal Regions Are Drained by Specific Lymph Nodes That Mount Distinct Th1 and Th2 Responses Against Schistosoma mansoni Eggs. Front Immunol 2020; 11:592325. [PMID: 33193437 PMCID: PMC7644866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.592325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance of type 1 and type 2 immune responses plays a crucial role in anti-helminth immunity and can either support chronic infection or drive type 2 mediated expulsion of the parasite. Helminth antigens and secreted molecules directly influence this balance and induce a favorable immunological environment for the parasite’s survival. However, less is known if the site of infection also influences the balance of type 1 and type 2 immunity. Here, we report that tissue-specific immune responses are mounted against helminth antigens, which elicited strong IL-4 responses when injected into the skin, while the same antigen, delivered into the intestinal subserosa, induced increased IFN-γ and reduced Th2 responses. Immune responses in individual mesenteric lymph nodes that drain defined regions of the intestine furthermore displayed a site-specific pattern of type 1 and type 2 immunity after Schistosoma mansoni or Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection. S. mansoni egg-specific Th2 responses were detectable in all mesenteric lymph nodes but Th1 responses were only present in those draining the colon, while H. polygyrus infection elicited mixed Th1 and Th2 responses in the lymph nodes associated with the site of infection. Similar site-specific type 1 and type 2 immune responses were observed in the draining lymph nodes after the controlled delivery of S. mansoni eggs into different segments of the small and large intestine using microsurgical techniques. Different subsets of intestinal dendritic cells were hereby responsible for the uptake and priming of Th1 and Th2 responses against helminth antigens. Migratory CD11b+CD103− and especially CD11b+CD103+ DC2s transported S. mansoni egg antigens to the draining lymph nodes to induce Th1 and Th2 responses, while CD103+ DC1s induced only IFN-γ responses. In contrast, H. polygyrus antigens were predominantly transported by CD11b+CD103− DC2s and CD103+ DC1s and all DC subsets induced similar Th1 but weaker Th2 responses, compared to S. mansoni egg antigens. The development of adaptive anti-helminth immune responses is therefore influenced by the antigen itself, the uptake and priming characteristics of antigen-positive dendritic cell subsets and the site of infection, which shape the level of Th1 and Th2 responses in order to create a favorable immunological environment for the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes U Mayer
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sheila L Brown
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simon W Milling
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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21
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Kleen TO, Galdon AA, MacDonald AS, Dalgleish AG. Mitigating Coronavirus Induced Dysfunctional Immunity for At-Risk Populations in COVID-19: Trained Immunity, BCG and "New Old Friends". Front Immunol 2020; 11:2059. [PMID: 33013871 PMCID: PMC7498663 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel, highly contagious coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spreads rapidly throughout the world, leading to a deadly pandemic of a predominantly respiratory illness called COVID-19. Safe and effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are urgently needed. However, emerging immunological observations show hallmarks of significant immunopathological characteristics and dysfunctional immune responses in patients with COVID-19. Combined with existing knowledge about immune responses to other closely related and highly pathogenic coronaviruses, this could forebode significant challenges for vaccine development, including the risk of vaccine failure. Animal data from earlier coronavirus vaccine efforts indicate that elderly people, most at risk from severe COVID-19 disease, could be especially at risk from immunopathologic responses to novel coronavirus vaccines. Bacterial "new old friends" such as Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or Mycobacterium obuense have the ability to elevate basal systemic levels of type 1 cytokines and immune cells, correlating with increased protection against diverse and unrelated infectious agents, called "trained immunity." Here we describe dysfunctional immune responses induced by coronaviruses, representing potentially difficult to overcome obstacles to safe, effective vaccine development for COVID-19, and outline how trained immunity could help protect high risk populations through immunomodulation with BCG and other "new old friends."
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia A Galdon
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Angus G Dalgleish
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Dookie RS, Villegas-Mendez A, Kroeze H, Barrett JR, Draper SJ, Franke-Fayard BM, Janse CJ, MacDonald AS, Couper KN. Combinatorial Tim-3 and PD-1 activity sustains antigen-specific Th1 cell numbers during blood-stage malaria. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12723. [PMID: 32306409 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Co-inhibitory receptors play a major role in controlling the Th1 response during blood-stage malaria. Whilst PD-1 is viewed as the dominant co-inhibitory receptor restricting T cell responses, the roles of other such receptors in coordinating Th1 cell activity during malaria are poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we show that the co-inhibitory receptor Tim-3 is expressed on splenic antigen-specific T-bet+ (Th1) OT-II cells transiently during the early stage of infection with transgenic Plasmodium yoelii NL parasites expressing ovalbumin (P yoelii NL-OVA). We reveal that co-blockade of Tim-3 and PD-L1 during the acute phase of P yoelii NL infection did not improve the Th1 cell response but instead led to a specific reduction in the numbers of splenic Th1 OT-II cells. Combined blockade of Tim-3 and PD-L1 did elevate anti-parasite IgG antibody responses. Nevertheless, co-blockade of Tim-3 and PD-L1 did not affect IFN-γ production by OT-II cells and did not influence parasite control during P yoelii NL-OVA infection. CONCLUSION Thus, our results show that Tim-3 plays an unexpected combinatorial role with PD-1 in promoting and/ or sustaining a Th1 cell response during the early phase of blood-stage P. yoelii NL infection but combined blockade does not dramatically influence anti-parasite immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Dookie
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ana Villegas-Mendez
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hans Kroeze
- Leiden malaria group, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Blandine M Franke-Fayard
- Leiden malaria group, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chris J Janse
- Leiden malaria group, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kevin N Couper
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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23
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Hulme H, Meikle LM, Strittmatter N, van der Hooft JJJ, Swales J, Bragg RA, Villar VH, Ormsby MJ, Barnes S, Brown SL, Dexter A, Kamat MT, Komen JC, Walker D, Milling S, Osterweil EK, MacDonald AS, Schofield CJ, Tardito S, Bunch J, Douce G, Edgar JM, Edrada-Ebel R, Goodwin RJA, Burchmore R, Wall DM. Microbiome-derived carnitine mimics as previously unknown mediators of gut-brain axis communication. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaax6328. [PMID: 32195337 PMCID: PMC7065903 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax6328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Alterations to the gut microbiome are associated with various neurological diseases, yet evidence of causality and identity of microbiome-derived compounds that mediate gut-brain axis interaction remain elusive. Here, we identify two previously unknown bacterial metabolites 3-methyl-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate and 4-(trimethylammonio)pentanoate, structural analogs of carnitine that are present in both gut and brain of specific pathogen-free mice but absent in germ-free mice. We demonstrate that these compounds are produced by anaerobic commensal bacteria from the family Lachnospiraceae (Clostridiales) family, colocalize with carnitine in brain white matter, and inhibit carnitine-mediated fatty acid oxidation in a murine cell culture model of central nervous system white matter. This is the first description of direct molecular inter-kingdom exchange between gut prokaryotes and mammalian brain cells, leading to inhibition of brain cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Hulme
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Lynsey M. Meikle
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Nicole Strittmatter
- Imaging and data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | | | - John Swales
- Imaging and data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Ryan A. Bragg
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Victor H. Villar
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Michael J. Ormsby
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Stephanie Barnes
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, and The Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Sheila L. Brown
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Alex Dexter
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Maya T. Kamat
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Jasper C. Komen
- Oncology Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Daniel Walker
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Simon Milling
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Emily K. Osterweil
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, and The Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Andrew S. MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Chris J. Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Josephine Bunch
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gillian Douce
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Julia M. Edgar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - RuAngelie Edrada-Ebel
- Natural Products Metabolomics Group, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Richard J. A. Goodwin
- Imaging and data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Richard Burchmore
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Daniel M. Wall
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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24
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Jones GR, Brown SL, Phythian-Adams AT, Ivens AC, Cook PC, MacDonald AS. The Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein Mbd2 Regulates Susceptibility to Experimental Colitis via Control of CD11c + Cells and Colonic Epithelium. Front Immunol 2020; 11:183. [PMID: 32117307 PMCID: PMC7033935 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyl-CpG-binding domain-2 (Mbd2) acts as an epigenetic regulator of gene expression, by linking DNA methylation to repressive chromatin structure. Although Mbd2 is widely expressed in gastrointestinal immune cells and is implicated in regulating intestinal cancer, anti-helminth responses and colonic inflammation, the Mbd2-expressing cell types that control these responses are incompletely defined. Indeed, epigenetic control of gene expression in cells that regulate intestinal immunity is generally poorly understood, even though such mechanisms may explain the inability of standard genetic approaches to pinpoint the causes of conditions like inflammatory bowel disease. In this study we demonstrate a vital role for Mbd2 in regulating murine colonic inflammation. Mbd2−/− mice displayed dramatically worse pathology than wild type controls during dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis, with increased inflammatory (IL-1β+) monocytes. Profiling of mRNA from innate immune and epithelial cell (EC) populations suggested that Mbd2 suppresses inflammation and pathology via control of innate-epithelial cell crosstalk and T cell recruitment. Consequently, restriction of Mbd2 deficiency to CD11c+ dendritic cells and macrophages, or to ECs, resulted in increased DSS colitis severity. Our identification of this dual role for Mbd2 in regulating the inflammatory capacity of both CD11c+ cells and ECs highlights how epigenetic control mechanisms may limit intestinal inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth-Rhys Jones
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila L Brown
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander T Phythian-Adams
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair C Ivens
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C Cook
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Obieglo K, Costain A, Webb LM, Ozir‐Fazalalikhan A, Brown SL, MacDonald AS, Smits HH. Type I interferons provide additive signals for murine regulatory B cell induction by Schistosoma mansoni eggs. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1226-1234. [PMID: 31099896 PMCID: PMC6771625 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The helminth Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) induces a network of regulatory immune cells, including interleukin (IL)-10-producing regulatory B cells (Bregs). However, the signals required for the development and activation of Bregs are not well characterized. Recent reports suggest that helminths induce type I interferons (IFN-I), and that IFN-I drive the development of Bregs in humans. We therefore assessed the role of IFN-I in the induction of Bregs by S. mansoni. Mice chronically infected with S. mansoni or i.v. injected with S. mansoni soluble egg antigen (SEA) developed a systemic IFN-I signature. Recombinant IFN-α enhanced IL-10 production by Bregs stimulated with S. mansoni SEA in vitro, while not activating Bregs by itself. IFN-I signaling also supported ex vivo IL-10 production by SEA-primed Bregs but was dispensable for activation of S. mansoni egg-induced Bregs in vivo. These data indicate that although IFN-I can serve as a coactivator for Breg IL-10 production, they are unlikely to participate in the development of Bregs in response to S. mansoni eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Obieglo
- Department of ParasitologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Alice Costain
- Department of ParasitologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and InflammationUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Lauren M. Webb
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and InflammationUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | | | - Shelia L. Brown
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and InflammationUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Andrew S. MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and InflammationUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Hermelijn H. Smits
- Department of ParasitologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
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26
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Svedberg FR, Brown SL, Krauss MZ, Campbell L, Sharpe C, Clausen M, Howell GJ, Clark H, Madsen J, Evans CM, Sutherland TE, Ivens AC, Thornton DJ, Grencis RK, Hussell T, Cunoosamy DM, Cook PC, MacDonald AS. The lung environment controls alveolar macrophage metabolism and responsiveness in type 2 inflammation. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:571-580. [PMID: 30936493 PMCID: PMC8381729 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fine control of macrophage activation is needed to prevent inflammatory disease, particularly at barrier sites such as the lungs. However, the dominant mechanisms that regulate the activation of pulmonary macrophages during inflammation are poorly understood. We found that alveolar macrophages (AlvMs) were much less able to respond to the canonical type 2 cytokine IL-4, which underpins allergic disease and parasitic worm infections, than macrophages from lung tissue or the peritoneal cavity. We found that the hyporesponsiveness of AlvMs to IL-4 depended upon the lung environment but was independent of the host microbiota or the lung extracellular matrix components surfactant protein D (SP-D) and mucin 5b (Muc5b). AlvMs showed severely dysregulated metabolism relative to that of cavity macrophages. After removal from the lungs, AlvMs regained responsiveness to IL-4 in a glycolysis-dependent manner. Thus, impaired glycolysis in the pulmonary niche regulates AlvM responsiveness during type 2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya R Svedberg
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialisation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sheila L Brown
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Maria Z Krauss
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Campbell
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Catherine Sharpe
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Maryam Clausen
- AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences IMED, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gareth J Howell
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Howard Clark
- Department of Child Health, Division of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jens Madsen
- Department of Child Health, Division of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher M Evans
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tara E Sutherland
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Alasdair C Ivens
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Thornton
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard K Grencis
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Peter C Cook
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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27
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Costain AH, MacDonald AS, Smits HH. Corrigendum: Schistosome Egg Migration: Mechanisms, Pathogenesis and Host Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:749. [PMID: 31031753 PMCID: PMC6470403 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alice H Costain
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hermelijn H Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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28
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Abstract
Many parasitic worms possess complex and intriguing life cycles, and schistosomes are no exception. To exit the human body and progress to their successive snail host, Schistosoma mansoni eggs must migrate from the mesenteric vessels, across the intestinal wall and into the feces. This process is complex and not always successful. A vast proportion of eggs fail to leave their definite host, instead becoming lodged within intestinal or hepatic tissue, where they can evoke potentially life-threatening pathology. Thus, to maximize the likelihood of successful egg passage whilst minimizing host pathology, intriguing egg exit strategies have evolved. Notably, schistosomes actively exert counter-inflammatory influences on the host immune system, discreetly compromise endothelial and epithelial barriers, and modulate granuloma formation around transiting eggs, which is instrumental to their migration. In this review, we discuss new developments in our understanding of schistosome egg migration, with an emphasis on S. mansoni and the intestine, and outline the host-parasite interactions that are thought to make this process possible. In addition, we explore the potential immune implications of egg penetration and discuss the long-term consequences for the host of unsuccessful egg transit, such as fibrosis, co-infection and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice H. Costain
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S. MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hermelijn H. Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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29
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Jones GR, Bain CC, Fenton TM, Kelly A, Brown SL, Ivens AC, Travis MA, Cook PC, MacDonald AS. Dynamics of Colon Monocyte and Macrophage Activation During Colitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2764. [PMID: 30542349 PMCID: PMC6277765 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Macrophages are pivotal in coordinating a range of important processes in the intestines, including controlling intracellular infections and limiting damaging inflammation against the microbiota. However, it is not clear how gut macrophages, relative to recruited blood monocytes and other myeloid cells, contribute to the intestinal inflammatory milieu, nor how macrophages and their monocyte precursors mediate recruitment of other immune cells to the inflamed intestine. Methods: Myeloid cell populations isolated from colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or murine dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induced colitis were assessed using flow cytometry and compared to healthy controls. In addition, mRNA expression profiles in human and murine colon samples, and in macrophages and monocytes from healthy and inflamed murine colons, were analysed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and mRNA microarray. Results: We show that the monocyte:macrophage balance is disrupted in colon inflammation to favour recruitment of CD14+HLA-DRInt cells in humans, and Ly6CHi monocytes in mice. In addition, we identify that murine blood monocytes receive systemic signals enabling increased release of IL-1β prior to egress from the blood into the colon. Further, once within the colon and relative to other myeloid cells, monocytes represent the dominant local source of both IL-1β and TNF. Finally, our data reveal that, independent of inflammation, murine colon macrophages act as a major source of Ccl7 and Ccl8 chemokines that trigger further recruitment of their pro-inflammatory monocyte precursors. Conclusions: Our work suggests that strategies targeting macrophage-mediated monocyte recruitment may represent a promising approach for limiting the chronic inflammation that characterises IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth-Rhys Jones
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Calum C. Bain
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation at the University of Edinburgh, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M. Fenton
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Aoife Kelly
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila L. Brown
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair C. Ivens
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Travis
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C. Cook
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S. MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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30
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Walwyn-Brown K, Guldevall K, Saeed M, Pende D, Önfelt B, MacDonald AS, Davis DM. Human NK Cells Lyse Th2-Polarizing Dendritic Cells via NKp30 and DNAM-1. J Immunol 2018; 201:2028-2041. [PMID: 30120122 PMCID: PMC6139540 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cross-talk between NK cells and dendritic cells (DCs) is important in Th1 immune responses, including antitumor immunity and responses to infections. DCs also play a crucial role in polarizing Th2 immunity, but the impact of NK cell-DC interactions in this context remains unknown. In this study, we stimulated human monocyte-derived DCs in vitro with different pathogen-associated molecules: LPS or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, which polarize a Th1 response, or soluble egg Ag from the helminth worm Schistosoma mansoni, a potent Th2-inducing Ag. Th2-polarizing DCs were functionally distinguishable from Th1-polarizing DCs, and both showed distinct morphology and dynamics from immature DCs. We then assessed the outcome of autologous NK cells interacting with these differently stimulated DCs. Confocal microscopy showed polarization of the NK cell microtubule organizing center and accumulation of LFA-1 at contacts between NK cells and immature or Th2-polarizing DCs but not Th1-polarizing DCs, indicative of the assembly of an activating immune synapse. Autologous NK cells lysed immature DCs but not DCs treated with LPS or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid as reported previously. In this study, we demonstrated that NK cells also degranulated in the presence of Th2-polarizing DCs. Moreover, time-lapse live-cell microscopy showed that DCs that had internalized fluorescently labeled soluble egg Ag were efficiently lysed. Ab blockade of NK cell-activating receptors NKp30 or DNAM-1 abrogated NK cell lysis of Th2-polarizing DCs. Thus, these data indicate a previously unrecognized role of NK cell cytotoxicity and NK cell-activating receptors NKp30 and DNAM-1 in restricting the pool of DCs involved in Th2 immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Walwyn-Brown
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Karolin Guldevall
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mezida Saeed
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Pende
- Laboratorio Immunologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; and
| | - Björn Önfelt
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M Davis
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom;
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31
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May S, Owen H, Phesse TJ, Greenow KR, Jones G, Blackwood A, Cook PC, Towers C, Gallimore AM, Williams GT, Stürzl M, Britzen‐Laurent N, Sansom OJ, MacDonald AS, Bird AP, Clarke AR, Parry L. Mbd2 enables tumourigenesis within the intestine while preventing tumour-promoting inflammation. J Pathol 2018; 245:270-282. [PMID: 29603746 PMCID: PMC6032908 DOI: 10.1002/path.5074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation plays a key role in the link between inflammation and cancer. Here we examine Mbd2, which mediates epigenetic transcriptional silencing by binding to methylated DNA. In separate studies the Mbd2-/- mouse has been shown (1) to be resistant to intestinal tumourigenesis and (2) to have an enhanced inflammatory/immune response, observations that are inconsistent with the links between inflammation and cancer. To clarify its role in tumourigenesis and inflammation, we used constitutive and conditional models of Mbd2 deletion to explore its epithelial and non-epithelial roles in the intestine. Using a conditional model, we found that suppression of intestinal tumourigenesis is due primarily to the absence of Mbd2 within the epithelia. Next, we demonstrated, using the DSS colitis model, that non-epithelial roles of Mbd2 are key in preventing the transition from acute to tumour-promoting chronic inflammation. Combining models revealed that prior to inflammation the altered Mbd2-/- immune response plays a role in intestinal tumour suppression. However, following inflammation the intestine converts from tumour suppressive to tumour promoting. To summarise, in the intestine the normal function of Mbd2 is exploited by cancer cells to enable tumourigenesis, while in the immune system it plays a key role in preventing tumour-enabling inflammation. Which role is dominant depends on the inflammation status of the intestine. As environmental interactions within the intestine can alter DNA methylation patterns, we propose that Mbd2 plays a key role in determining whether these interactions are anti- or pro-tumourigenic and this makes it a useful new epigenetic model for inflammation-associated carcinogenesis. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie May
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research InstituteCardiff University, School of BiosciencesCardiffUK
| | - Heather Owen
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell BiologyUniversity of Edinburgh, Michael Swann BuildingEdinburghUK
| | - Toby J Phesse
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research InstituteCardiff University, School of BiosciencesCardiffUK
| | - Kirsty R Greenow
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research InstituteCardiff University, School of BiosciencesCardiffUK
| | - Gareth‐Rhys Jones
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation ResearchManchesterUK
| | - Adam Blackwood
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research InstituteCardiff University, School of BiosciencesCardiffUK
| | - Peter C Cook
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation ResearchManchesterUK
| | - Christopher Towers
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research InstituteCardiff University, School of BiosciencesCardiffUK
| | - Awen M Gallimore
- Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, Henry Wellcome BuildingCardiffUK
| | - Geraint T Williams
- Institute of Cancer and GeneticsCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUK
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of SurgeryFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenErlangenGermany
| | - Nathalie Britzen‐Laurent
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of SurgeryFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenErlangenGermany
| | | | | | - Adrian P Bird
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell BiologyUniversity of Edinburgh, Michael Swann BuildingEdinburghUK
| | - Alan R Clarke
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research InstituteCardiff University, School of BiosciencesCardiffUK
| | - Lee Parry
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research InstituteCardiff University, School of BiosciencesCardiffUK
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32
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Pariollaud M, Gibbs JE, Hopwood TW, Brown S, Begley N, Vonslow R, Poolman T, Guo B, Saer B, Jones DH, Tellam JP, Bresciani S, Tomkinson NC, Wojno-Picon J, Cooper AW, Daniels DA, Trump RP, Grant D, Zuercher W, Willson TM, MacDonald AS, Bolognese B, Podolin PL, Sanchez Y, Loudon AS, Ray DW. Circadian clock component REV-ERBα controls homeostatic regulation of pulmonary inflammation. J Clin Invest 2018. [PMID: 29533925 PMCID: PMC5983347 DOI: 10.1172/jci93910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies reveal that airway epithelial cells are critical pulmonary circadian pacemaker cells, mediating rhythmic inflammatory responses. Using mouse models, we now identify the rhythmic circadian repressor REV-ERBα as essential to the mechanism coupling the pulmonary clock to innate immunity, involving both myeloid and bronchial epithelial cells in temporal gating and determining amplitude of response to inhaled endotoxin. Dual mutation of REV-ERBα and its paralog REV-ERBβ in bronchial epithelia further augmented inflammatory responses and chemokine activation, but also initiated a basal inflammatory state, revealing a critical homeostatic role for REV-ERB proteins in the suppression of the endogenous proinflammatory mechanism in unchallenged cells. However, REV-ERBα plays the dominant role, as deletion of REV-ERBβ alone had no impact on inflammatory responses. In turn, inflammatory challenges cause striking changes in stability and degradation of REV-ERBα protein, driven by SUMOylation and ubiquitination. We developed a novel selective oxazole-based inverse agonist of REV-ERB, which protects REV-ERBα protein from degradation, and used this to reveal how proinflammatory cytokines trigger rapid degradation of REV-ERBα in the elaboration of an inflammatory response. Thus, dynamic changes in stability of REV-ERBα protein couple the core clock to innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pariollaud
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Julie E Gibbs
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas W Hopwood
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Brown
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Begley
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Vonslow
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Toryn Poolman
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Baoqiang Guo
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Saer
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - D Heulyn Jones
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - James P Tellam
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Bresciani
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Co Tomkinson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Justyna Wojno-Picon
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Wj Cooper
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ryan P Trump
- Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel Grant
- Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.,Novartis AG, East Hannover, New Jersey, USA
| | - William Zuercher
- Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.,Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Timothy M Willson
- Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.,Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Bolognese
- Stress and Repair Discovery Performance Unit, Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patricia L Podolin
- Stress and Repair Discovery Performance Unit, Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yolanda Sanchez
- Stress and Repair Discovery Performance Unit, Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Si Loudon
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David W Ray
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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33
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Melo-Gonzalez F, Fenton TM, Forss C, Smedley C, Goenka A, MacDonald AS, Thornton DJ, Travis MA. Intestinal mucin activates human dendritic cells and IL-8 production in a glycan-specific manner. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8543-8553. [PMID: 29581231 PMCID: PMC5986209 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.789305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk between different components of the intestinal barrier and the immune system may be important in maintaining gut homeostasis. A crucial part of the gut barrier is the mucus layer, a cross-linked gel on top of the intestinal epithelium that consists predominantly of the mucin glycoprotein MUC2. However, whether the mucin layer actively regulates intestinal immune cell responses is not clear. Because recent evidence suggests that intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) may be regulated by the mucus layer, we purified intestinal mucin, incubated it with human DCs, and determined the functional effects. Here we show that expression of the chemokine IL-8 and co-stimulatory DC markers CD86 and CD83 are significantly up-regulated on human DCs in the presence of intestinal mucins. Additionally, mucin-exposed DCs promoted neutrophil migration in an IL-8–dependent manner. The stimulatory effects of mucins on DCs were not due to mucin sample contaminants such as lipopolysaccharide, DNA, or contaminant proteins. Instead, mucin glycans are important for the pro-inflammatory effects on DCs. Thus, intestinal mucins are capable of inducing important pro-inflammatory functions in DCs, which could be important in driving inflammatory responses upon intestinal barrier damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Melo-Gonzalez
- From the Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research.,the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, and.,the Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M Fenton
- From the Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research.,the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, and.,the Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia Forss
- From the Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research.,the Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Smedley
- From the Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research.,the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, and.,the Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Anu Goenka
- From the Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research.,the Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- From the Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research.,the Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - David J Thornton
- the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, and .,the Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Travis
- From the Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, .,the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, and.,the Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
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34
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Hopwood TW, Hall S, Begley N, Forman R, Brown S, Vonslow R, Saer B, Little MC, Murphy EA, Hurst RJ, Ray DW, MacDonald AS, Brass A, Bechtold DA, Gibbs JE, Loudon AS, Else KJ. The circadian regulator BMAL1 programmes responses to parasitic worm infection via a dendritic cell clock. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3782. [PMID: 29491349 PMCID: PMC5830501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22021-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to the intestinal parasitic helminth Trichuris muris requires T-helper 2 (TH2) cellular and associated IgG1 responses, with expulsion typically taking up to 4 weeks in mice. Here, we show that the time-of-day of the initial infection affects efficiency of worm expulsion, with strong TH2 bias and early expulsion in morning-infected mice. Conversely, mice infected at the start of the night show delayed resistance to infection, and this is associated with feeding-driven metabolic cues, such that feeding restriction to the day-time in normally nocturnal-feeding mice disrupts parasitic expulsion kinetics. We deleted the circadian regulator BMAL1 in antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) in vivo and found a loss of time-of-day dependency of helminth expulsion. RNAseq analyses revealed that IL-12 responses to worm antigen by circadian-synchronised DCs were dependent on BMAL1. Therefore, we find that circadian machinery in DCs contributes to the TH1/TH2 balance, and that environmental, or genetic perturbation of the DC clock results in altered parasite expulsion kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Hopwood
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Hall
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Begley
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Forman
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Brown
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Ryan Vonslow
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Saer
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew C Little
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma A Murphy
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J Hurst
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David W Ray
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Andy Brass
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David A Bechtold
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Julie E Gibbs
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew S Loudon
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Kathryn J Else
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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35
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Grabiec AM, Denny N, Doherty JA, Happonen KE, Hankinson J, Connolly E, Fife ME, Fujimori T, Fujino N, Goenka A, Holden S, Tavernier G, Shah R, Cook PC, MacDonald AS, Niven RM, Dahlbäck B, Fowler SJ, Simpson A, Hussell T. Diminished airway macrophage expression of the Axl receptor tyrosine kinase is associated with defective efferocytosis in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1144-1146.e4. [PMID: 28412392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander M Grabiec
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Nicholas Denny
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - John A Doherty
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kaisa E Happonen
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jenny Hankinson
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Connolly
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark E Fife
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Toshifumi Fujimori
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Naoya Fujino
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anu Goenka
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Holden
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gaël Tavernier
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rajesh Shah
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C Cook
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M Niven
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Björn Dahlbäck
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Stephen J Fowler
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Simpson
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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36
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Webb LM, Lundie RJ, Borger JG, Brown SL, Connor LM, Cartwright AN, Dougall AM, Wilbers RH, Cook PC, Jackson-Jones LH, Phythian-Adams AT, Johansson C, Davis DM, Dewals BG, Ronchese F, MacDonald AS. Type I interferon is required for T helper (Th) 2 induction by dendritic cells. EMBO J 2017; 36:2404-2418. [PMID: 28716804 PMCID: PMC5556270 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 inflammation is a defining feature of infection with parasitic worms (helminths), as well as being responsible for widespread suffering in allergies. However, the precise mechanisms involved in T helper (Th) 2 polarization by dendritic cells (DCs) are currently unclear. We have identified a previously unrecognized role for type I IFN (IFN‐I) in enabling this process. An IFN‐I signature was evident in DCs responding to the helminth Schistosoma mansoni or the allergen house dust mite (HDM). Further, IFN‐I signaling was required for optimal DC phenotypic activation in response to helminth antigen (Ag), and efficient migration to, and localization with, T cells in the draining lymph node (dLN). Importantly, DCs generated from Ifnar1−/− mice were incapable of initiating Th2 responses in vivo. These data demonstrate for the first time that the influence of IFN‐I is not limited to antiviral or bacterial settings but also has a central role to play in DC initiation of Th2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Webb
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel J Lundie
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jessica G Borger
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sheila L Brown
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lisa M Connor
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Adam Nr Cartwright
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Annette M Dougall
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health, Immunology-Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Ruud Hp Wilbers
- Plant Sciences Department, Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C Cook
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lucy H Jackson-Jones
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Cecilia Johansson
- Respiratory Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel M Davis
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Benjamin G Dewals
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health, Immunology-Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Franca Ronchese
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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37
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Jackson-Jones LH, Rückerl D, Svedberg F, Duncan S, Maizels RM, Sutherland TE, Jenkins SJ, McSorley HJ, Bénézech C, MacDonald AS, Allen JE. IL-33 delivery induces serous cavity macrophage proliferation independent of interleukin-4 receptor alpha. Eur J Immunol 2017; 46:2311-2321. [PMID: 27592711 PMCID: PMC5082546 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
IL‐33 plays an important role in the initiation of type‐2 immune responses, as well as the enhancement of type 2 effector functions. Engagement of the IL‐33 receptor on macrophages facilitates polarization to an alternative activation state by amplifying IL‐4 and IL‐13 signaling to IL‐4Rα. IL‐4 and IL‐13 also induce macrophage proliferation but IL‐33 involvement in this process has not been rigorously evaluated. As expected, in vivo delivery of IL‐33 induced IL‐4Rα‐dependent alternative macrophage activation in the serous cavities. IL‐33 delivery also induced macrophages to proliferate but, unexpectedly, this was independent of IL‐4Rα signaling. In a filarial nematode infection model in which IL‐4Rα‐dependent alternative activation and proliferation in the pleural cavity is well described, IL‐33R was essential for alternative activation but not macrophage proliferation. Similarly, during Alternaria alternata induced airway inflammation, which provokes strong IL‐33 responses, we observed that both IL‐4Rα and IL‐33R were required for alternative activation, while macrophage proliferation in the pleural cavity was still evident in the absence of either receptor alone. Our data show that IL‐33R and IL‐4Rα promote macrophage proliferation independently of each other, but both are essential for induction of alternative activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy H Jackson-Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK.,Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Dominik Rückerl
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Freya Svedberg
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sheelagh Duncan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Rick M Maizels
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Tara E Sutherland
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Stephen J Jenkins
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Henry J McSorley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK.,Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Cécile Bénézech
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Judith E Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK. .,Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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38
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McFarlane AJ, McSorley HJ, Davidson DJ, Fitch PM, Errington C, Mackenzie KJ, Gollwitzer ES, Johnston CJC, MacDonald AS, Edwards MR, Harris NL, Marsland BJ, Maizels RM, Schwarze J. Enteric helminth-induced type I interferon signaling protects against pulmonary virus infection through interaction with the microbiota. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1068-1078.e6. [PMID: 28196762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helminth parasites have been reported to have beneficial immunomodulatory effects in patients with allergic and autoimmune conditions and detrimental consequences in patients with tuberculosis and some viral infections. Their role in coinfection with respiratory viruses is not clear. OBJECTIVE Here we investigated the effects of strictly enteric helminth infection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in a mouse model. METHODS A murine helminth/RSV coinfection model was developed. Mice were infected by means of oral gavage with 200 stage 3 H polygyrus larvae. Ten days later, mice were infected intranasally with either RSV or UV-inactivated RSV. RESULTS H polygyrus-infected mice showed significantly less disease and pulmonary inflammation after RSV infection associated with reduced viral load. Adaptive immune responses, including TH2 responses, were not essential because protection against RSV was maintained in Rag1-/- and Il4rα-/- mice. Importantly, H polygyrus infection upregulated expression of type I interferons and interferon-stimulated genes in both the duodenum and lung, and its protective effects were lost in both Ifnar1-/- and germ-free mice, revealing essential roles for type I interferon signaling and microbiota in H polygyrus-induced protection against RSV. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that a strictly enteric helminth infection can have remote protective antiviral effects in the lung through induction of a microbiota-dependent type I interferon response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J McFarlane
- MRC-Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Henry J McSorley
- MRC-Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Donald J Davidson
- MRC-Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M Fitch
- MRC-Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Errington
- National Health Service Lothian, Simpson Centre for Reproductive Health, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Karen J Mackenzie
- MRC-Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eva S Gollwitzer
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chris J C Johnston
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Edwards
- Airway Disease Infection Section, MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma and Centre for Respiratory Infection, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola L Harris
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique, Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rick M Maizels
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Schwarze
- MRC-Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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39
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Seoane PI, Rückerl D, Casaravilla C, Barrios AA, Pittini Á, MacDonald AS, Allen JE, Díaz A. Particles from the Echinococcus granulosus laminated layer inhibit IL-4 and growth factor-driven Akt phosphorylation and proliferative responses in macrophages. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39204. [PMID: 27966637 PMCID: PMC5155279 DOI: 10.1038/srep39204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation of macrophages is a hallmark of inflammation in many type 2 settings including helminth infections. The cellular expansion is driven by the type 2 cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4), as well as by M-CSF, which also controls homeostatic levels of tissue resident macrophages. Cystic echinococcosis, caused by the tissue-dwelling larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus, is characterised by normally subdued local inflammation. Infiltrating host cells make contact only with the acellular protective coat of the parasite, called laminated layer, particles of which can be ingested by phagocytic cells. Here we report that a particulate preparation from this layer (pLL) strongly inhibits the proliferation of macrophages in response to IL-4 or M-CSF. In addition, pLL also inhibits IL-4-driven up-regulation of Relm-α, without similarly affecting Chitinase-like 3 (Chil3/Ym1). IL-4-driven cell proliferation and up-regulation of Relm-α are both known to depend on the phosphatidylinositol (PI3K)/Akt pathway, which is dispensable for induction of Chil3/Ym1. Exposure to pLL in vitro inhibited Akt activation in response to proliferative stimuli, providing a potential mechanism for its activities. Our results suggest that the E. granulosus laminated layer exerts some of its anti-inflammatory properties through inhibition of PI3K/Akt activation and consequent limitation of macrophage proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula I Seoane
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) e Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Dominik Rückerl
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Cecilia Casaravilla
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) e Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Anabella A Barrios
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) e Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Álvaro Pittini
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) e Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Judith E Allen
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alvaro Díaz
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) e Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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40
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Kannan Y, Li Y, Coomes SM, Okoye IS, Pelly VS, Sriskantharajah S, Gückel E, Webb L, Czieso S, Nikolov N, MacDonald AS, Ley SC, Wilson MS. Tumor progression locus 2 reduces severe allergic airway inflammation by inhibiting Ccl24 production in dendritic cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:655-666.e7. [PMID: 27484038 PMCID: PMC5292997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The molecular and cellular pathways driving the pathogenesis of severe asthma are poorly defined. Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL-2) (COT, MAP3K8) kinase activates the MEK1/2-extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 MAP kinase signaling pathway following Toll-like receptor, TNFR1, and IL-1R stimulation. Objective TPL-2 has been widely described as a critical regulator of inflammation, and we sought to investigate the role of TPL-2 in house dust mite (HDM)-mediated allergic airway inflammation. Methods A comparative analysis of wild-type and Map3k8−/− mice was conducted. Mixed bone marrow chimeras, conditional knockout mice, and adoptive transfer models were also used. Differential cell counts were performed on the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, followed by histological analysis of lung sections. Flow cytometry and quantitative PCR was used to measure type 2 cytokines. ELISA was used to assess the production of IgE, type 2 cytokines, and Ccl24. RNA sequencing was used to characterize dendritic cell (DC) transcripts. Results TPL-2 deficiency led to exacerbated HDM-induced airway allergy, with increased airway and tissue eosinophilia, lung inflammation, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IgE production. Increased airway allergic responses in Map3k8−/− mice were not due to a cell-intrinsic role for TPL-2 in T cells, B cells, or LysM+ cells but due to a regulatory role for TPL-2 in DCs. TPL-2 inhibited Ccl24 expression in lung DCs, and blockade of Ccl24 prevented the exaggerated airway eosinophilia and lung inflammation in mice given HDM-pulsed Map3k8−/− DCs. Conclusions TPL-2 regulates DC-derived Ccl24 production to prevent severe type 2 airway allergy in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashaswini Kannan
- Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, the Ridgeway, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yanda Li
- Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, the Ridgeway, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie M Coomes
- Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, the Ridgeway, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isobel S Okoye
- Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, the Ridgeway, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria S Pelly
- Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, the Ridgeway, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eva Gückel
- Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, the Ridgeway, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Webb
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Czieso
- Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, the Ridgeway, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolay Nikolov
- Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, the Ridgeway, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Steven C Ley
- Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, the Ridgeway, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark S Wilson
- Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, the Ridgeway, London, United Kingdom.
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Webb LM, Lundie RJ, Borger JG, Cartwright AN, Cook PC, Brown SL, Jackson-Jones L, Phythian-Adams AT, Davis DM, MacDonald AS. A central role for Type I IFN in the induction of Th2 responses by dendritic cells. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.46.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Although dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for induction of Th2 immunity against helminths or allergens, relatively little is known about how they become activated and function in response to Th2-polarizing antigens. We have discovered a previously unrecognized role for Type I IFN (IFN-I) in the optimal activation and function of DCs following exposure to strongly Th2-polarizing antigens. To date, IFN-I has primarily been associated with anti-viral immunity, and its role in Th2 settings is currently unclear. DCs exposed to total egg antigens from the parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni, or the primary immunostimulatory component of S. mansoni eggs, omega-1, produced IFN-I in vitro. IFN-I was also detected in response to the common allergen house dust mite (HDM). DCs lacking the IFN-I receptor displayed a dramatically impaired ability to induce Th2 cytokines in vivo, but unimpaired ability to support CD4 T cell polarization in vitro. Further, Th2-promoting DCs depended on IFN-I signaling for optimal activation, efficient migration to the draining LN, and effective localization within the T cell zone. In vivo challenge of naïve mice with S. mansoni eggs or HDM in the absence of the IFN-I receptor induced significantly reduced levels of Th2 cytokines compared to controls. Together, our data suggest a key role for IFN-I to enable Th2 induction by DCs against Th2 Ag in vivo. Future work will address the wider role of IFN-I in Th2 inflammation, including during patent helminth infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Webb
- 1Cornell Univ., United Kingdom
- 2Univ. of Manchester, United Kingdom
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42
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Lundie RJ, Webb LM, Marley AK, Phythian-Adams AT, Cook PC, Jackson-Jones LH, Brown S, Maizels RM, Boon L, O'Keeffe M, MacDonald AS. A central role for hepatic conventional dendritic cells in supporting Th2 responses during helminth infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 94:400-10. [PMID: 26657145 PMCID: PMC4817239 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the key initiators of T-helper (Th) 2 immune responses against the parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni. Although the liver is one of the main sites of antigen deposition during infection with this parasite, it is not yet clear how distinct DC subtypes in this tissue respond to S. mansoni antigens in vivo, or how the liver microenvironment might influence DC function during establishment of the Th2 response. In this study, we show that hepatic DC subsets undergo distinct activation processes in vivo following murine infection with S. mansoni. Conventional DCs (cDCs) from schistosome-infected mice upregulated expression of the costimulatory molecule CD40 and were capable of priming naive CD4(+) T cells, whereas plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) upregulated expression of MHC class II, CD86 and CD40 but were unable to support the expansion of either naive or effector/memory CD4(+) T cells. Importantly, in vivo depletion of pDCs revealed that this subset was dispensable for either maintenance or regulation of the hepatic Th2 effector response during acute S. mansoni infection. Our data provides strong evidence that S. mansoni infection favors the establishment of an immunogenic, rather than tolerogenic, liver microenvironment that conditions cDCs to initiate and maintain Th2 immunity in the context of ongoing antigen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Lundie
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren M Webb
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Angela K Marley
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Peter C Cook
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lucy H Jackson-Jones
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sheila Brown
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rick M Maizels
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Louis Boon
- EPIRUS Biopharmaceuticals, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Meredith O'Keeffe
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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43
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Zhang X, Cook PC, Zindy E, Williams CJ, Jowitt TA, Streuli CH, MacDonald AS, Redondo-Muñoz J. Integrin α4β1 controls G9a activity that regulates epigenetic changes and nuclear properties required for lymphocyte migration. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:3031-44. [PMID: 26657637 PMCID: PMC4838336 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the cell nucleus change to allow cells to migrate, but how chromatin modifications contribute to nuclear deformability has not been defined. Here, we demonstrate that a major factor in this process involves epigenetic changes that underpin nuclear structure. We investigated the link between cell adhesion and epigenetic changes in T-cells, and demonstrate that T-cell adhesion to VCAM1 via α4β1 integrin drives histone H3 methylation (H3K9me2/3) through the methyltransferase G9a. In this process, active G9a is recruited to the nuclear envelope and interacts with lamin B1 during T-cell adhesion through α4β1 integrin. G9a activity not only reorganises the chromatin structure in T-cells, but also affects the stiffness and viscoelastic properties of the nucleus. Moreover, we further demonstrated that these epigenetic changes were linked to lymphocyte movement, as depletion or inhibition of G9a blocks T-cell migration in both 2D and 3D environments. Thus, our results identify a novel mechanism in T-cells by which α4β1 integrin signaling drives specific chromatin modifications, which alter the physical properties of the nucleus and thereby enable T-cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhang
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Peter C Cook
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Egor Zindy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Craig J Williams
- Materials Science Centre, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Thomas A Jowitt
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Charles H Streuli
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Javier Redondo-Muñoz
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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Besusso D, Saul L, Leech MD, O'Connor RA, MacDonald AS, Anderton SM, Mellanby RJ. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-Conditioned CD11c+ Dendritic Cells are Effective Initiators of CNS Autoimmune Disease. Front Immunol 2015; 6:575. [PMID: 26635791 PMCID: PMC4650204 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) play a crucial role in regulating T cell activation. Due to their capacity to shape the immune response, tolerogenic DC have been used to treat autoimmune diseases. In this study, we examined whether 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3-conditioned bone marrow-derived DC (VitD-BMDC) were able to limit the development of autoimmune pathology in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We found that VitD-BMDC had lower expression of MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules and were less effective at priming autoreactive T cells in vitro. Using our recently described BMDC-driven model of EAE, we demonstrated that VitD-BMDC had a significantly reduced ability to initiate EAE. We found that the impaired ability of VitD-BMDC to initiate EAE was not due to T cell tolerization. Instead, we discovered that the addition of 1,25(OH)2D3 to BMDC cultures resulted in a significant reduction in the proportion of CD11c+ cells. Purified CD11c+ VitD-BMDC were significantly less effective at priming T cells in vitro yet were similarly capable of initiating EAE as vehicle-treated CD11c+ BMDC. This study demonstrates that in vitro assays of DC function can be a poor predictor of in vivo behavior and that CD11c+ VitD-BMDC are highly effective initiators of an autopathogenic T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Besusso
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK ; Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK ; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Louise Saul
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK ; Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK ; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Melanie D Leech
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK ; Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK ; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Richard A O'Connor
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK ; Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK ; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Stephen M Anderton
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK ; Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK ; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Richard J Mellanby
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK ; Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK ; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK ; The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh , Midlothian , UK
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45
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Mylonas KJ, Jenkins SJ, Castellan RFP, Ruckerl D, McGregor K, Phythian-Adams AT, Hewitson JP, Campbell SM, MacDonald AS, Allen JE, Gray GA. The adult murine heart has a sparse, phagocytically active macrophage population that expands through monocyte recruitment and adopts an 'M2' phenotype in response to Th2 immunologic challenge. Immunobiology 2015; 220:924-33. [PMID: 25700973 PMCID: PMC4451497 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue resident macrophages have vital homeostatic roles in many tissues but their roles are less well defined in the heart. The present study aimed to identify the density, polarisation status and distribution of macrophages in the healthy murine heart and to investigate their ability to respond to immune challenge. Histological analysis of hearts from CSF-1 receptor (csf1-GFP; MacGreen) and CX3CR1 (Cx3cr1(GFP/+)) reporter mice revealed a sparse population of GFP positive macrophages that were evenly distributed throughout the left and right ventricular free walls and septum. F4/80+CD11b+ cardiac macrophages, sorted from myocardial homogenates, were able to phagocytose fluorescent beads in vitro and expressed markers typical of both 'M1' (IL-1β, TNF and CCR2) and 'M2' activation (Ym1, Arg 1, RELMα and IL-10), suggesting no specific polarisation in healthy myocardium. Exposure to Th2 challenge by infection of mice with helminth parasites Schistosoma mansoni, or Heligmosomoides polygyrus, resulted in an increase in cardiac macrophage density, adoption of a stellate morphology and increased expression of Ym1, RELMα and CD206 (mannose receptor), indicative of 'M2' polarisation. This was dependent on recruitment of Ly6ChighCCR2+ monocytes and was accompanied by an increase in collagen content. In conclusion, in the healthy heart resident macrophages are relatively sparse and have a phagocytic role. Following Th2 challenge this population expands due to monocyte recruitment and adopts an 'M2' phenotype associated with increased tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Mylonas
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute (QMRI), University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Stephen J Jenkins
- Centre for Inflammation Research, QMRI, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Raphael F P Castellan
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute (QMRI), University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dominik Ruckerl
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research (IIIR), The King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran McGregor
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute (QMRI), University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander T Phythian-Adams
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research (IIIR), The King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, Scotland, United Kingdom; Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), University of Manchester, Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, England, United Kingdom
| | - James P Hewitson
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research (IIIR), The King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon M Campbell
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research (IIIR), The King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research (IIIR), The King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, Scotland, United Kingdom; Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), University of Manchester, Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, England, United Kingdom
| | - Judith E Allen
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research (IIIR), The King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian A Gray
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute (QMRI), University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
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46
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Jones LH, Cook PC, Ivens AC, Thomas GD, Phythian-Adams AT, Allen JE, MacDonald AS. Modulation of dendritic cell alternative activation and function by the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid. Int Immunol 2015; 27:589-96. [PMID: 25899567 PMCID: PMC4625886 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxv020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid modulates the functions of IL-4 in alternatively activated DCs The archetypal Th2 cytokine IL-4 has previously been shown to alternatively activate murine macrophages and, more recently, dendritic cells (DCs) both in vitro and in vivo. IL-4 has also been shown to induce Aldh1a2 (aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a2) expression in murine macrophages recruited to the peritoneal cavity. However, the influence of IL-4 on DC Aldh1a2 induction in vivo has not yet been addressed. In this work, we found that DCs show enhanced aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme activity in vivo, which led us to investigate the impact of the vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (RA) on DC alternative activation and function. Antagonism of RA receptors reduced production of resistin-like molecule alpha by DCs responding to IL-4, while addition of exogenous RA enhanced production of this marker of alternative activation. Functionally, RA increased DC induction of CD4+ T-cell IL-10, while reducing CD4+ T-cell IL-4 and IL-13, revealing a previously unidentified role for RA in regulating the ability of alternatively activated DCs to influence Th2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy H Jones
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Peter C Cook
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Alasdair C Ivens
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Graham D Thomas
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Alexander T Phythian-Adams
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Judith E Allen
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
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Fujimori T, Grabiec AM, Kaur M, Bell TJ, Fujino N, Cook PC, Svedberg FR, MacDonald AS, Maciewicz RA, Singh D, Hussell T. The Axl receptor tyrosine kinase is a discriminator of macrophage function in the inflamed lung. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:1021-1030. [PMID: 25603826 PMCID: PMC4430298 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Much of the biology surrounding macrophage functional specificity has arisen through examining inflammation-induced polarizing signals, but this also occurs in homeostasis, requiring tissue-specific environmental triggers that influence macrophage phenotype and function. The TAM receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases (Tyro3, Axl and MerTK) mediates the non-inflammatory removal of apoptotic cells by phagocytes through the bridging phosphatidylserine-binding molecules growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6) or Protein S. We show that one such TAM receptor (Axl) is exclusively expressed on mouse airway macrophages, but not interstitial macrophages and other lung leukocytes, under homeostatic conditions and is constitutively ligated to Gas6. Axl expression is potently induced by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expressed in the healthy and inflamed airway, and by type I interferon or Toll-like receptor-3 stimulation on human and mouse macrophages, indicating potential involvement of Axl in apoptotic cell removal under inflammatory conditions. Indeed, an absence of Axl does not cause sterile inflammation in health, but leads to exaggerated lung inflammatory disease upon influenza infection. These data imply that Axl allows specific identification of airway macrophages, and that its expression is critical for macrophage functional compartmentalization in the airspaces or lung interstitium. We propose that this may be a critical feature to prevent excessive inflammation because of secondary necrosis of apoptotic cells that have not been cleared by efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fujimori
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Manchester University, Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
| | - A M Grabiec
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Manchester University, Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
| | - M Kaur
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Manchester University, Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK ,grid.462482.e0000 0004 0417 0074University of Manchester NIHR Translational Research Facility, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - T J Bell
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Manchester University, Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
| | - N Fujino
- grid.418151.80000 0001 1519 6403AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - P C Cook
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Manchester University, Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
| | - F R Svedberg
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Manchester University, Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
| | - A S MacDonald
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Manchester University, Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
| | - R A Maciewicz
- grid.418151.80000 0001 1519 6403AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - D Singh
- grid.462482.e0000 0004 0417 0074University of Manchester NIHR Translational Research Facility, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - T Hussell
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Manchester University, Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
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Reynolds LA, Harcus Y, Smith KA, Webb LM, Hewitson JP, Ross EA, Brown S, Uematsu S, Akira S, Gray D, Gray M, MacDonald AS, Cunningham AF, Maizels RM. MyD88 signaling inhibits protective immunity to the gastrointestinal helminth parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus. J Immunol 2014; 193:2984-93. [PMID: 25114104 PMCID: PMC4157852 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Helminth parasites remain one of the most common causes of infections worldwide, yet little is still known about the immune signaling pathways that control their expulsion. C57BL/6 mice are chronically susceptible to infection with the gastrointestinal helminth parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus. In this article, we report that C57BL/6 mice lacking the adapter protein MyD88, which mediates signaling by TLRs and IL-1 family members, showed enhanced immunity to H. polygyrus infection. Alongside increased parasite expulsion, MyD88-deficient mice showed heightened IL-4 and IL-17A production from mesenteric lymph node CD4+ cells. In addition, MyD88−/− mice developed substantial numbers of intestinal granulomas around the site of infection, which were not seen in MyD88-sufficient C57BL/6 mice, nor when signaling through the adapter protein TRIF (TIR domain–containing adapter–inducing IFN-β adapter protein) was also ablated. Mice deficient solely in TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, or TLR9 did not show enhanced parasite expulsion, suggesting that these TLRs signal redundantly to maintain H. polygyrus susceptibility in wild-type mice. To further investigate signaling pathways that are MyD88 dependent, we infected IL-1R1−/− mice with H. polygyrus. This genotype displayed heightened granuloma numbers compared with wild-type mice, but without increased parasite expulsion. Thus, the IL-1R–MyD88 pathway is implicated in inhibiting granuloma formation; however, protective immunity in MyD88-deficient mice appears to be granuloma independent. Like IL-1R1−/− and MyD88−/− mice, animals lacking signaling through the type 1 IFN receptor (i.e., IFNAR1−/−) also developed intestinal granulomas. Hence, IL-1R1, MyD88, and type 1 IFN receptor signaling may provide pathways to impede granuloma formation in vivo, but additional MyD88-mediated signals are associated with inhibition of protective immunity in susceptible C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Reynolds
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Harcus
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine A Smith
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren M Webb
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
| | - James P Hewitson
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan A Ross
- Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Brown
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
| | - Satoshi Uematsu
- Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier Institute Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - David Gray
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
| | - Mohini Gray
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
| | - Adam F Cunningham
- Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Rick M Maizels
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom;
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49
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Robson NC, Hidalgo L, Mc Alpine T, Wei H, Martínez VG, Entrena A, Melen GJ, MacDonald AS, Phythian-Adams A, Sacedón R, Maraskovsky E, Cebon J, Ramírez M, Vicente A, Varas A. Optimal effector functions in human natural killer cells rely upon autocrine bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5019-5031. [PMID: 25038228 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are critical for innate tumor immunity due to their specialized ability to recognize and kill neoplastically transformed cells. However, NK cells require a specific set of cytokine-mediated signals to achieve optimal effector function. Th1-associated cytokines promote effector functions that are inhibited by the prototypic Th2 cytokine IL4 and the TGFβ superfamily members TGFβ1 and activin-A. Interestingly, the largest subgroup of the TGFβ superfamily are the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), but the effects of BMP signaling on NK cell effector functions have not been evaluated. Here, we demonstrate that blood-circulating NK cells express type I and II BMP receptors, BMP-2 and BMP-6 ligands, and phosphorylated isoforms of Smad-1/-5/-8, which mediate BMP family member signaling. In opposition to the inhibitory effects of TGFβ1 or activin-A, autocrine BMP signaling was supportive to NK cell function. Mechanistic investigations in cytokine and TLR-L-activated NK cells revealed that BMP signaling optimized IFNγ and global cytokine and chemokine production, phenotypic activation and proliferation, and autologous dendritic cell activation and target cytotoxicity. Collectively, our findings identify a novel auto-activatory pathway that is essential for optimal NK cell effector function, one that might be therapeutically manipulated to help eradicate tumors. Cancer Res; 74(18); 5019-31. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Robson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Sir Graeme Davis Building, The University of Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Laura Hidalgo
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tristan Mc Alpine
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Heng Wei
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Víctor G Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Entrena
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo J Melen
- Department of Oncohematology, Niño Jesús Hospital, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- MCCIR, Core Technology Facility, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | | | - Rosa Sacedón
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jonathan Cebon
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Manuel Ramírez
- Department of Oncohematology, Niño Jesús Hospital, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Vicente
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Varas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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50
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Deaton AM, Cook PC, De Sousa D, Phythian-Adams AT, Bird A, MacDonald AS. A unique DNA methylation signature defines a population of IFN-γ/IL-4 double-positive T cells during helminth infection. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1835-41. [PMID: 24578067 PMCID: PMC4231227 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Th1 and Th2 cell fates are traditionally viewed as mutually exclusive, but recent work suggests that these lineages may be more plastic than previously thought. When isolating splenic CD4(+) T cells from mice infected with the parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni, we observed a defined population of IFN-γ/IL-4 double-positive cells. These IFN-γ(+) IL-4(+) cells showed differences in DNA methylation at the Ifng and Il4 loci when compared with IFN-γ(+) IL-4(-) (Th1) and IFN-γ(-) IL-4(+) (Th2) cells, demonstrating that they represent a distinct effector cell population. IFN-γ(+) IL-4(+) cells also displayed a discrete DNA methylation pattern at a CpG island within the body of the Gata3 gene, which encodes the master regulator of Th2 identity. DNA methylation at this region correlated with decreased Gata3 levels, suggesting a possible role in controlling Gata3 expression. These data provide important insight into the molecular mechanisms behind the co-existence of Th1 and Th2 characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée M Deaton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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