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Nielsen TO, Leung SCY, Riaz N, Mulligan AM, Kos Z, Bane A, Whelan TJ. Ki67 assessment protocol as an integral biomarker for avoiding radiotherapy in the LUMINA breast cancer trial. Histopathology 2023; 83:903-911. [PMID: 37609778 DOI: 10.1111/his.15032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The LUMINA trial demonstrated a very low local recurrence rate in women ≥55 years with low-risk luminal A breast cancer (defined as grade I-II, T1N0, hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative and Ki67 index ≤13.25%) treated with breast-conserving surgery and endocrine therapy (but no other systemic therapy), supporting the safe omission of radiation in these women. Here we describe the protocol for Ki67 assessment, the companion diagnostic used to guide omission of adjuvant radiotherapy. METHODS Ki67 immunohistochemistry was performed on full-face sections at one of three regional labs. Pathologists trained in the International Ki67 in Breast Cancer Working Group (IKWG) method demarcated tumour areas on scanned slides and scored 100 nuclei from each of at least five randomly selected 1-mm fields. For cases with high Ki67 heterogeneity, further virtual cores were selected and scored in order to confidently assign a case as luminal A (≤13.25%) or B (>13.25%). Interlaboratory variability was assessed through an annual quality assurance programme during the study period. RESULTS From the quality assurance programme, the mean Ki67 index across all cases/labs was 13%. The observed intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and kappa statistics were ≥0.9 and ≥0.7, respectively, indicating a substantial level of agreement. Median scoring time was 4 min per case. The IKWG-recommended scoring method, performed directly from slides, requiring up to four scored fields, is concordant with the LUMINA scoring method (ICC ≥ 0.9). CONCLUSION Ki67 is a practical, reproducible, and inexpensive biomarker that can identify low-risk luminal A breast cancers as potential candidates for radiation de-escalation. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01791829.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten O Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Samuel C Y Leung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nazia Riaz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna M Mulligan
- University Health Network, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zuzana Kos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anita Bane
- University Health Network, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy J Whelan
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Whelan TJ, Smith S, Parpia S, Fyles AW, Bane A, Liu FF, Rakovitch E, Chang L, Stevens C, Bowen J, Provencher S, Théberge V, Mulligan AM, Kos Z, Akra MA, Voduc KD, Hijal T, Dayes IS, Pond G, Wright JR, Nielsen TO, Levine MN. Omitting Radiotherapy after Breast-Conserving Surgery in Luminal A Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:612-619. [PMID: 37585627 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2302344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjuvant radiotherapy is prescribed after breast-conserving surgery to reduce the risk of local recurrence. However, radiotherapy is inconvenient, costly, and associated with both short-term and long-term side effects. Clinicopathologic factors alone are of limited use in the identification of women at low risk for local recurrence in whom radiotherapy can be omitted. Molecularly defined intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer can provide additional prognostic information. METHODS We performed a prospective cohort study involving women who were at least 55 years of age, had undergone breast-conserving surgery for T1N0 (tumor size <2 cm and node negative), grade 1 or 2, luminal A-subtype breast cancer (defined as estrogen receptor positivity of ≥1%, progesterone receptor positivity of >20%, negative human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and Ki67 index of ≤13.25%), and had received adjuvant endocrine therapy. Patients who met the clinical eligibility criteria were registered, and Ki67 immunohistochemical analysis was performed centrally. Patients with a Ki67 index of 13.25% or less were enrolled and did not receive radiotherapy. The primary outcome was local recurrence in the ipsilateral breast. In consultation with radiation oncologists and patients with breast cancer, we determined that if the upper boundary of the two-sided 90% confidence interval for the cumulative incidence at 5 years was less than 5%, this would represent an acceptable risk of local recurrence at 5 years. RESULTS Of 740 registered patients, 500 eligible patients were enrolled. At 5 years after enrollment, recurrence was reported in 2.3% of the patients (90% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 3.8; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.1), a result that met the prespecified boundary. Breast cancer occurred in the contralateral breast in 1.9% of the patients (90% CI, 1.1 to 3.2), and recurrence of any type was observed in 2.7% (90% CI, 1.6 to 4.1). CONCLUSIONS Among women who were at least 55 years of age and had T1N0, grade 1 or 2, luminal A breast cancer that were treated with breast-conserving surgery and endocrine therapy alone, the incidence of local recurrence at 5 years was low with the omission of radiotherapy. (Funded by the Canadian Cancer Society and the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation; LUMINA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01791829.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Whelan
- From the Department of Oncology, McMaster University and the Division of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON (T.J.W., I.S.D., J.R.W.), the Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria (S.S.), the Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (S. Parpia, G.P., M.N.L.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (A.W.F., F.-F.L.), the Department of Pathology, University of Toronto (A.B.), and the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (E.R.), Toronto, the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa (L.C.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON (C.S.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Laurentian University and Radiation Treatment Program, Northeast Cancer Centre, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON (J.B.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (S. Provencher), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC (V.T.), the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (A.M.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (Z.K.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Manitoba and Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg (M.A.A.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (K.D.V.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal (T.H.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (T.O.N.) - all in Canada
| | - Sally Smith
- From the Department of Oncology, McMaster University and the Division of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON (T.J.W., I.S.D., J.R.W.), the Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria (S.S.), the Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (S. Parpia, G.P., M.N.L.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (A.W.F., F.-F.L.), the Department of Pathology, University of Toronto (A.B.), and the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (E.R.), Toronto, the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa (L.C.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON (C.S.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Laurentian University and Radiation Treatment Program, Northeast Cancer Centre, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON (J.B.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (S. Provencher), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC (V.T.), the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (A.M.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (Z.K.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Manitoba and Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg (M.A.A.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (K.D.V.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal (T.H.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (T.O.N.) - all in Canada
| | - Sameer Parpia
- From the Department of Oncology, McMaster University and the Division of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON (T.J.W., I.S.D., J.R.W.), the Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria (S.S.), the Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (S. Parpia, G.P., M.N.L.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (A.W.F., F.-F.L.), the Department of Pathology, University of Toronto (A.B.), and the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (E.R.), Toronto, the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa (L.C.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON (C.S.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Laurentian University and Radiation Treatment Program, Northeast Cancer Centre, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON (J.B.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (S. Provencher), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC (V.T.), the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (A.M.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (Z.K.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Manitoba and Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg (M.A.A.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (K.D.V.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal (T.H.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (T.O.N.) - all in Canada
| | - Anthony W Fyles
- From the Department of Oncology, McMaster University and the Division of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON (T.J.W., I.S.D., J.R.W.), the Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria (S.S.), the Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (S. Parpia, G.P., M.N.L.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (A.W.F., F.-F.L.), the Department of Pathology, University of Toronto (A.B.), and the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (E.R.), Toronto, the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa (L.C.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON (C.S.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Laurentian University and Radiation Treatment Program, Northeast Cancer Centre, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON (J.B.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (S. Provencher), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC (V.T.), the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (A.M.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (Z.K.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Manitoba and Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg (M.A.A.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (K.D.V.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal (T.H.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (T.O.N.) - all in Canada
| | - Anita Bane
- From the Department of Oncology, McMaster University and the Division of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON (T.J.W., I.S.D., J.R.W.), the Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria (S.S.), the Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (S. Parpia, G.P., M.N.L.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (A.W.F., F.-F.L.), the Department of Pathology, University of Toronto (A.B.), and the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (E.R.), Toronto, the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa (L.C.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON (C.S.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Laurentian University and Radiation Treatment Program, Northeast Cancer Centre, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON (J.B.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (S. Provencher), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC (V.T.), the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (A.M.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (Z.K.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Manitoba and Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg (M.A.A.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (K.D.V.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal (T.H.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (T.O.N.) - all in Canada
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- From the Department of Oncology, McMaster University and the Division of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON (T.J.W., I.S.D., J.R.W.), the Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria (S.S.), the Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (S. Parpia, G.P., M.N.L.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (A.W.F., F.-F.L.), the Department of Pathology, University of Toronto (A.B.), and the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (E.R.), Toronto, the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa (L.C.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON (C.S.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Laurentian University and Radiation Treatment Program, Northeast Cancer Centre, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON (J.B.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (S. Provencher), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC (V.T.), the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (A.M.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (Z.K.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Manitoba and Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg (M.A.A.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (K.D.V.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal (T.H.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (T.O.N.) - all in Canada
| | - Eileen Rakovitch
- From the Department of Oncology, McMaster University and the Division of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON (T.J.W., I.S.D., J.R.W.), the Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria (S.S.), the Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (S. Parpia, G.P., M.N.L.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (A.W.F., F.-F.L.), the Department of Pathology, University of Toronto (A.B.), and the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (E.R.), Toronto, the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa (L.C.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON (C.S.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Laurentian University and Radiation Treatment Program, Northeast Cancer Centre, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON (J.B.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (S. Provencher), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC (V.T.), the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (A.M.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (Z.K.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Manitoba and Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg (M.A.A.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (K.D.V.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal (T.H.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (T.O.N.) - all in Canada
| | - Lynn Chang
- From the Department of Oncology, McMaster University and the Division of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON (T.J.W., I.S.D., J.R.W.), the Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria (S.S.), the Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (S. Parpia, G.P., M.N.L.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (A.W.F., F.-F.L.), the Department of Pathology, University of Toronto (A.B.), and the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (E.R.), Toronto, the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa (L.C.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON (C.S.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Laurentian University and Radiation Treatment Program, Northeast Cancer Centre, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON (J.B.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (S. Provencher), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC (V.T.), the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (A.M.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (Z.K.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Manitoba and Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg (M.A.A.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (K.D.V.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal (T.H.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (T.O.N.) - all in Canada
| | - Christiaan Stevens
- From the Department of Oncology, McMaster University and the Division of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON (T.J.W., I.S.D., J.R.W.), the Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria (S.S.), the Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (S. Parpia, G.P., M.N.L.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (A.W.F., F.-F.L.), the Department of Pathology, University of Toronto (A.B.), and the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (E.R.), Toronto, the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa (L.C.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON (C.S.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Laurentian University and Radiation Treatment Program, Northeast Cancer Centre, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON (J.B.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (S. Provencher), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC (V.T.), the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (A.M.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (Z.K.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Manitoba and Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg (M.A.A.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (K.D.V.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal (T.H.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (T.O.N.) - all in Canada
| | - Julie Bowen
- From the Department of Oncology, McMaster University and the Division of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON (T.J.W., I.S.D., J.R.W.), the Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria (S.S.), the Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (S. Parpia, G.P., M.N.L.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (A.W.F., F.-F.L.), the Department of Pathology, University of Toronto (A.B.), and the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (E.R.), Toronto, the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa (L.C.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON (C.S.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Laurentian University and Radiation Treatment Program, Northeast Cancer Centre, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON (J.B.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (S. Provencher), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC (V.T.), the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (A.M.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (Z.K.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Manitoba and Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg (M.A.A.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (K.D.V.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal (T.H.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (T.O.N.) - all in Canada
| | - Sawyna Provencher
- From the Department of Oncology, McMaster University and the Division of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON (T.J.W., I.S.D., J.R.W.), the Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria (S.S.), the Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (S. Parpia, G.P., M.N.L.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (A.W.F., F.-F.L.), the Department of Pathology, University of Toronto (A.B.), and the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (E.R.), Toronto, the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa (L.C.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON (C.S.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Laurentian University and Radiation Treatment Program, Northeast Cancer Centre, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON (J.B.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (S. Provencher), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC (V.T.), the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (A.M.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (Z.K.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Manitoba and Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg (M.A.A.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (K.D.V.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal (T.H.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (T.O.N.) - all in Canada
| | - Valerie Théberge
- From the Department of Oncology, McMaster University and the Division of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON (T.J.W., I.S.D., J.R.W.), the Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria (S.S.), the Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (S. Parpia, G.P., M.N.L.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (A.W.F., F.-F.L.), the Department of Pathology, University of Toronto (A.B.), and the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (E.R.), Toronto, the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa (L.C.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON (C.S.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Laurentian University and Radiation Treatment Program, Northeast Cancer Centre, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON (J.B.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (S. Provencher), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC (V.T.), the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (A.M.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (Z.K.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Manitoba and Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg (M.A.A.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (K.D.V.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal (T.H.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (T.O.N.) - all in Canada
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- From the Department of Oncology, McMaster University and the Division of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON (T.J.W., I.S.D., J.R.W.), the Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria (S.S.), the Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (S. Parpia, G.P., M.N.L.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (A.W.F., F.-F.L.), the Department of Pathology, University of Toronto (A.B.), and the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (E.R.), Toronto, the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa (L.C.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON (C.S.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Laurentian University and Radiation Treatment Program, Northeast Cancer Centre, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON (J.B.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (S. Provencher), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC (V.T.), the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (A.M.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (Z.K.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Manitoba and Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg (M.A.A.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (K.D.V.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal (T.H.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (T.O.N.) - all in Canada
| | - Zuzana Kos
- From the Department of Oncology, McMaster University and the Division of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON (T.J.W., I.S.D., J.R.W.), the Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria (S.S.), the Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (S. Parpia, G.P., M.N.L.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (A.W.F., F.-F.L.), the Department of Pathology, University of Toronto (A.B.), and the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (E.R.), Toronto, the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa (L.C.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON (C.S.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Laurentian University and Radiation Treatment Program, Northeast Cancer Centre, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON (J.B.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (S. Provencher), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC (V.T.), the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (A.M.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (Z.K.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Manitoba and Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg (M.A.A.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (K.D.V.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal (T.H.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (T.O.N.) - all in Canada
| | - Mohamed A Akra
- From the Department of Oncology, McMaster University and the Division of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON (T.J.W., I.S.D., J.R.W.), the Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria (S.S.), the Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (S. Parpia, G.P., M.N.L.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (A.W.F., F.-F.L.), the Department of Pathology, University of Toronto (A.B.), and the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (E.R.), Toronto, the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa (L.C.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON (C.S.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Laurentian University and Radiation Treatment Program, Northeast Cancer Centre, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON (J.B.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (S. Provencher), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC (V.T.), the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (A.M.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (Z.K.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Manitoba and Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg (M.A.A.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (K.D.V.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal (T.H.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (T.O.N.) - all in Canada
| | - K David Voduc
- From the Department of Oncology, McMaster University and the Division of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON (T.J.W., I.S.D., J.R.W.), the Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria (S.S.), the Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (S. Parpia, G.P., M.N.L.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (A.W.F., F.-F.L.), the Department of Pathology, University of Toronto (A.B.), and the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (E.R.), Toronto, the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa (L.C.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON (C.S.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Laurentian University and Radiation Treatment Program, Northeast Cancer Centre, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON (J.B.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (S. Provencher), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC (V.T.), the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (A.M.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (Z.K.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Manitoba and Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg (M.A.A.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (K.D.V.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal (T.H.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (T.O.N.) - all in Canada
| | - Tarek Hijal
- From the Department of Oncology, McMaster University and the Division of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON (T.J.W., I.S.D., J.R.W.), the Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria (S.S.), the Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (S. Parpia, G.P., M.N.L.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (A.W.F., F.-F.L.), the Department of Pathology, University of Toronto (A.B.), and the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (E.R.), Toronto, the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa (L.C.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON (C.S.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Laurentian University and Radiation Treatment Program, Northeast Cancer Centre, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON (J.B.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (S. Provencher), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC (V.T.), the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (A.M.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (Z.K.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Manitoba and Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg (M.A.A.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (K.D.V.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal (T.H.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (T.O.N.) - all in Canada
| | - Ian S Dayes
- From the Department of Oncology, McMaster University and the Division of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON (T.J.W., I.S.D., J.R.W.), the Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria (S.S.), the Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (S. Parpia, G.P., M.N.L.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (A.W.F., F.-F.L.), the Department of Pathology, University of Toronto (A.B.), and the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (E.R.), Toronto, the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa (L.C.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON (C.S.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Laurentian University and Radiation Treatment Program, Northeast Cancer Centre, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON (J.B.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (S. Provencher), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC (V.T.), the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (A.M.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (Z.K.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Manitoba and Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg (M.A.A.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (K.D.V.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal (T.H.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (T.O.N.) - all in Canada
| | - Gregory Pond
- From the Department of Oncology, McMaster University and the Division of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON (T.J.W., I.S.D., J.R.W.), the Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria (S.S.), the Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (S. Parpia, G.P., M.N.L.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (A.W.F., F.-F.L.), the Department of Pathology, University of Toronto (A.B.), and the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (E.R.), Toronto, the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa (L.C.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON (C.S.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Laurentian University and Radiation Treatment Program, Northeast Cancer Centre, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON (J.B.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (S. Provencher), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC (V.T.), the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (A.M.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (Z.K.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Manitoba and Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg (M.A.A.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (K.D.V.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal (T.H.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (T.O.N.) - all in Canada
| | - James R Wright
- From the Department of Oncology, McMaster University and the Division of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON (T.J.W., I.S.D., J.R.W.), the Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria (S.S.), the Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (S. Parpia, G.P., M.N.L.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (A.W.F., F.-F.L.), the Department of Pathology, University of Toronto (A.B.), and the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (E.R.), Toronto, the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa (L.C.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON (C.S.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Laurentian University and Radiation Treatment Program, Northeast Cancer Centre, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON (J.B.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (S. Provencher), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC (V.T.), the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (A.M.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (Z.K.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Manitoba and Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg (M.A.A.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (K.D.V.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal (T.H.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (T.O.N.) - all in Canada
| | - Torsten O Nielsen
- From the Department of Oncology, McMaster University and the Division of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON (T.J.W., I.S.D., J.R.W.), the Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria (S.S.), the Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (S. Parpia, G.P., M.N.L.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (A.W.F., F.-F.L.), the Department of Pathology, University of Toronto (A.B.), and the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (E.R.), Toronto, the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa (L.C.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON (C.S.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Laurentian University and Radiation Treatment Program, Northeast Cancer Centre, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON (J.B.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (S. Provencher), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC (V.T.), the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (A.M.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (Z.K.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Manitoba and Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg (M.A.A.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (K.D.V.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal (T.H.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (T.O.N.) - all in Canada
| | - Mark N Levine
- From the Department of Oncology, McMaster University and the Division of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON (T.J.W., I.S.D., J.R.W.), the Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria (S.S.), the Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (S. Parpia, G.P., M.N.L.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (A.W.F., F.-F.L.), the Department of Pathology, University of Toronto (A.B.), and the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (E.R.), Toronto, the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa (L.C.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON (C.S.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Laurentian University and Radiation Treatment Program, Northeast Cancer Centre, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON (J.B.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (S. Provencher), the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC (V.T.), the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (A.M.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (Z.K.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Manitoba and Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg (M.A.A.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia and Radiation Therapy Program, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver (K.D.V.), the Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal (T.H.), and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (T.O.N.) - all in Canada
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O'Mahony DG, Ramus SJ, Southey MC, Meagher NS, Hadjisavvas A, John EM, Hamann U, Imyanitov EN, Andrulis IL, Sharma P, Daly MB, Hake CR, Weitzel JN, Jakubowska A, Godwin AK, Arason A, Bane A, Simard J, Soucy P, Caligo MA, Mai PL, Claes KBM, Teixeira MR, Chung WK, Lazaro C, Hulick PJ, Toland AE, Pedersen IS, Neuhausen SL, Vega A, de la Hoya M, Nevanlinna H, Dhawan M, Zampiga V, Danesi R, Varesco L, Gismondi V, Vellone VG, James PA, Janavicius R, Nikitina-Zake L, Nielsen FC, van Overeem Hansen T, Pejovic T, Borg A, Rantala J, Offit K, Montagna M, Nathanson KL, Domchek SM, Osorio A, García MJ, Karlan BY, De Fazio A, Bowtell D, McGuffog L, Leslie G, Parsons MT, Dörk T, Speith LM, Dos Santos ES, da Costa AABA, Radice P, Peterlongo P, Papi L, Engel C, Hahnen E, Schmutzler RK, Wappenschmidt B, Easton DF, Tischkowitz M, Singer CF, Tan YY, Whittemore AS, Sieh W, Brenton JD, Yannoukakos D, Fostira F, Konstantopoulou I, Soukupova J, Vocka M, Chenevix-Trench G, Pharoah PDP, Antoniou AC, Goldgar DE, Spurdle AB, Michailidou K. Ovarian cancer pathology characteristics as predictors of variant pathogenicity in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:2283-2294. [PMID: 37076566 PMCID: PMC10241792 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02263-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distribution of ovarian tumour characteristics differs between germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers and non-carriers. In this study, we assessed the utility of ovarian tumour characteristics as predictors of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variant pathogenicity, for application using the American College of Medical Genetics and the Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) variant classification system. METHODS Data for 10,373 ovarian cancer cases, including carriers and non-carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 pathogenic variants, were collected from unpublished international cohorts and consortia and published studies. Likelihood ratios (LR) were calculated for the association of ovarian cancer histology and other characteristics, with BRCA1 and BRCA2 variant pathogenicity. Estimates were aligned to ACMG/AMP code strengths (supporting, moderate, strong). RESULTS No histological subtype provided informative ACMG/AMP evidence in favour of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variant pathogenicity. Evidence against variant pathogenicity was estimated for the mucinous and clear cell histologies (supporting) and borderline cases (moderate). Refined associations are provided according to tumour grade, invasion and age at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS We provide detailed estimates for predicting BRCA1 and BRCA2 variant pathogenicity based on ovarian tumour characteristics. This evidence can be combined with other variant information under the ACMG/AMP classification system, to improve classification and carrier clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise G O'Mahony
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, 2371, Cyprus
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, 2371, Cyprus
| | - Susan J Ramus
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Nicola S Meagher
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andreas Hadjisavvas
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, 2371, Cyprus
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | | | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1×5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Westwood, KS, 66205, USA
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | | | | | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, 171-252, Poland
- Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, 171-252, Poland
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Adalgeir Arason
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
- BMC (Biomedical Centre), Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Anita Bane
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8V 1C3, Canada
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Penny Soucy
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Maria A Caligo
- SOD Genetica Molecolare, University Hospital, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Phuong L Mai
- Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | | | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, 4050-013, Portugal
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Conxi Lazaro
- Hereditary Cancer Program, ONCOBELL-IDIBELL-IGTP, Catalan Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
| | - Peter J Hulick
- Center for Medical Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Inge Sokilde Pedersen
- Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, 9000, Denmark
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, 9000, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, 9000, Denmark
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Ana Vega
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Miguel de la Hoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, CIBERONC, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Mallika Dhawan
- Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-1714, USA
| | - Valentina Zampiga
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Rita Danesi
- Romagna Cancer Registry, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, 47014, Italy
| | - Liliana Varesco
- Unit of Hereditary Cancer, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - Viviana Gismondi
- Unit of Hereditary Cancer, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | | | - Paul A James
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Ramunas Janavicius
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, LT-03101, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, 8410, Lithuania
| | | | - Finn Cilius Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Thomas van Overeem Hansen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, , University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Ake Borg
- Department of Oncology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, 222 41, Sweden
| | - Johanna Rantala
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, 35128, Italy
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19066, USA
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19066, USA
| | - Ana Osorio
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Genetics Service, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - María J García
- Computational Oncology Group, Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Anna De Fazio
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - David Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Goska Leslie
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Michael T Parsons
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Speith
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Santana Dos Santos
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France
- Oncology Center, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, 01308-050, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Oncology, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, 1509900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre André B A da Costa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, 1509900, Brazil
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 2215, USA
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Preventive Medicine: Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM ETS - the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Laura Papi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', Medical Genetics Unit, University of Florence, Florence, 27571, Italy
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christian F Singer
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Yen Yen Tan
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - James D Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, 15310, Greece
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, 15310, Greece
| | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, 15310, Greece
| | - Jana Soukupova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 12000, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vocka
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 12000, Czech Republic
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, 2371, Cyprus.
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.
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Faragalla H, Plotkin A, Barnes P, Lu FI, Kos Z, Mulligan AM, Bane A, Nofech Mozes S. Ki67 in Breast Cancer Assay: An Ad Hoc Testing Recommendation from the Canadian Association of Pathologists Task Force. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:3079-3090. [PMID: 36975446 PMCID: PMC10047249 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30030233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ki67, a marker of cellular proliferation, is commonly assessed in surgical pathology laboratories. In breast cancer, Ki67 is an established prognostic factor with higher levels associated with worse long-term survival. However, Ki67 IHC is considered of limited clinical use in breast cancer management largely due to issues related to standardization and reproducibility of scoring across laboratories. Recently, both the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Health Canada have approved the use of abemaciclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor) for patients with HR+/HER2: high-risk early breast cancers in the adjuvant setting. Health Canada and the FDA have included a Ki67 proliferation index of ≥20% in the drug monograph. The approval was based on the results from monarchE, a phase III clinical trial in early-stage chemotherapy-naïve, HR+, HER2 negative patients at high risk of early recurrence. The study has shown significant improvement in invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) with abemaciclib when combined with adjuvant endocrine therapy at two years. Therefore, there is an urgent need by the breast pathology and medical oncology community in Canada to establish national guideline recommendations for Ki67 testing as a predictive marker in the context of abemaciclib therapy consideration. The following recommendations are based on previous IKWG publications, available guidance from the monarchE trial and expert opinions. The current recommendations are by no means final or comprehensive, and their goal is to focus on its role in the selection of patients for abemaciclib therapy. The aim of this document is to guide Canadian pathologists on how to test and report Ki67 in invasive breast cancer. Testing should be performed upon a medical oncologist’s request only. Testing must be performed on treatment-naïve tumor tissue. Testing on the core biopsy is preferred; however, a well-fixed resection specimen is an acceptable alternative. Adhering to ASCO/CAP fixation guidelines for breast biomarkers is advised. Readout training is strongly recommended. Visual counting methods, other than eyeballing, should be used, with global rather than hot spot assessment preferred. Counting 100 cells in at least four areas of the tumor is recommended. The Ki67 scoring app developed to assist pathologists with scoring Ki67 proposed by the IKWG, available for free download, may be used. Automated image analysis is very promising, and laboratories with such technology are encouraged to use it as an adjunct to visual counting. A score of <5 or >30 is more robust. The task force recommends that the results are best expressed as a continuous variable. The appropriate antibody clone and staining protocols to be used may take time to address. For the time being, the task force recommends having tonsils/+pancreas on-slide control and enrollment in at least one national/international EQA program. Analytical validation remains a pending goal. Until the data become available, using local ki67 protocols is acceptable. The task force recommends participation in upcoming calibration and technical validation initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Faragalla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Plotkin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Penny Barnes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2, Canada
| | - Fang-I Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Zuzana Kos
- Department of Pathology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Anita Bane
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Sharon Nofech Mozes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
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Riaz N, Chen B, Bane A, Gao D, Stovgaard E, Kos Z, Leung S, Shenasa E, Parulekar W, Chambers S, Nielson T, Whelan TJ. Abstract P4-02-16: Prognostic and Predictive Capacity of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in the MA.20 regional radiotherapy trial. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p4-02-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The benefit of regional nodal irradiation (RNI) in patients with low burden metastatic axillary disease was established in MA.20 showing that patients randomized to receive adjuvant whole breast irradiation (WBI) plus RNI experienced a significantly better disease free survival (DFS) and distant disease free survival (DDFS) compared to those who received WBI alone and this advantage was maintained in the hormone receptor negative subgroup. Stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) have shown prognostic and predictive value in HER2 positive and triple negative breast cancers. To date, clinical importance of immune infiltrates as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in the context of benefit from RNI has not been shown. Methods: 1064 full-face hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections and formalin fixed paraffin embedded primary tumor blocks assembled into 16 tissue microarrays (TMAs) in quadruplicates linked with clinical data were accessible from the original 1832 patients in the MA.20 trial for this retrospective-prospective translational study conducted according to the REMARK guidelines. sTILs were assessed on scanned images of H&E sections according to the International Immuno-Oncology Working Group method, and on TMAs by CD8 immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a validated assay. Biomarkers were scored by pathologists blinded to the clinical data and analyzed as continuous and categorical variables using prespecified median cutpoints. The median follow-up was 9.5 years. Cox proportional regression modelling was used after adjusting for clinicopathological factors and treatments. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported for the primary endpoint of DFS and secondary endpoint of DDFS. Predictive value was assessed by the interaction test between the treatment arm and the biomarkers in the full cohort and an IHC defined non-luminal A subgroup. Results: 1035 cases were evaluable for sTILs on H&E sections. Of these 52.6% (n=544) cases with ≥10% sTILs displayed a significant correlation with age < 50 years, grade III, tumor size >2cm, hormone receptor negative status, and non-luminal A subgroup (p < 0.05). Of the 857 evaluable cases on TMAs, CD8+sTILs (≥16) were observed in 49.8% (n=427) cases and showed a significant association with grade III, ER negativity and non-luminal A status (p < 0.05). For the full cohort, H&E sTILs assessed as a continuous parameter, were not prognostic for DFS (HR 0.993; 95% CI 0.984-1.003; p=0.18) but provided prognostic information for DDFS (HR 0.988; 95% CI 0.977-0.999; p=0.04) in multivariate analyses. H&E sTILs did not show predictive value as a continuous variable. Similarly, using the prespecified cutpoint (≥10%), H&E sTILs were neither prognostic nor predictive. Increasing level of CD8+sTILs was associated with significantly improved DFS (HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.983-0.998; p=0.02) and DDFS (HR 0.98; 95% CI 0.97-0.99; p=0.002) in multivariate analyses. For the full cohort, CD8+sTILs as a continuous variable, showed a significant improvement in DDFS for patients randomized to WBI and RNI (HR 0.979; 95%CI 0.959-0.999; p(interaction) =0.04) compared to WBI alone and a trend (HR 0.977; 95%CI 0.954-1.001; p(interaction) =0.06) for better outcome was observed for the non-luminal A subgroup. CD8+sTILs at the prespecified cutpoint (≥16) were not prognostic or predictive. Conclusions: Pre-treatment tumoral infiltration with stromal lymphocytes provided positive prognostic information for DFS (CD8+sTILs) and DDFS (H&E sTILs and CD8+sTILs) when examined as a continuous variable but failed to do so at prespecified cutpoints. While CD8+sTILs as a continuous variable predicted benefit from RNI, significant prediction results were not seen for prespecified cutpoint or related biomarker H&E sTIL. These results require further validation.
Citation Format: Nazia Riaz, Bingshu Chen, Anita Bane, Dongxia Gao, Elisabeth Stovgaard, Zuzana Kos, Samuel Leung, Elahe Shenasa, Wendy Parulekar, Shelley Chambers, Torsten Nielson, Timothy J. Whelan. Prognostic and Predictive Capacity of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in the MA.20 regional radiotherapy trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-02-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Riaz
- 1University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Anita Bane
- 3University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dongxia Gao
- 4University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Zuzana Kos
- 6University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Samuel Leung
- 7University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elahe Shenasa
- 8University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Nielson T, Leung S, Riaz N, Kos Z, Bane A, Whelan TJ. Abstract P6-04-02: Ki67 Assessment Protocol: Companion Diagnostic Biomarker for LUMINA Prospective Cohort Study. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p6-04-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Luminal A breast cancer is associated with low proliferation, indolent disease biology and limited benefit from chemotherapy. The LUMINA prospective study recently demonstrated a very low 5 year local recurrence rate (2.3%) in women ≥55 years with grade I-II, T1N0 luminal A breast cancer (defined as ER ≥ 1%, PR>20%, HER2 negative and Ki67 index ≤ 13.25%) treated with breast conservation surgery and endocrine therapy without radiation, supporting the safe omission of radiation in this molecularly defined low risk group. Here, we report the protocol for multicentre Ki67 scoring, the embedded integral companion diagnostic employed in LUMINA. Methodology: Ki67 immunohistochemistry was performed on full-face sections at one of the 3 labs and scored by pathologists using an adaptation of the International Ki67 Working Group (IKWG) method. Prior to the start of the study, quality assurance and quality control programs were set up to standardize staining and scoring protocols. All pathologists completed the IKWG training and calibration exercise using a tissue microarray-based series of 18 breast cancers. Inter-laboratory variability was assessed annually during the study period on a set of 9 breast cancer cases with a range of Ki67 scores that purposely over-represented the 13.25% threshold. Stained slides were scanned and images annotated to demarcate invasive carcinoma. Next, 5 random, non-overlapping, 1 mm virtual cores were generated via software and 100 nuclei assessed per core using a keyboard-based counting aid. Ki67 index was derived as the percentage of all counted tumor nuclei that are positively stained. For cases with high Ki67 heterogeneity, additional virtual cores were generated and scored and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of Ki67 index was estimated. The goal was to confidently assign a case as luminal A (≤13.25%) or B (> 13.5%). If the 95% CI crossed 13.25% a recount was performed by an additional pathologist. Results: Quality Assurance Programs: Mean Ki67 index across all cases, labs and years was 13% with high concordance across specimens and score ranges. Observed intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were ≥ 0.9, showing near perfect agreement in quantitative Ki67 evaluation. About the 13.25% cutpoint, the observed Kappa statistics were ≥ 0.7 indicating excellent agreement for assignment of luminal A vs. B status. A sub-study was conducted to compare the method of randomly selected virtual fields with the IKWG ‘global weighted score’ method for visual assessment of full-face sections. For this purpose, the 9 quality control cases were reassessed by the same pathologist using the updated IKWG method. Results showed an ICC of 0.96 (0.95% CI: 0.91-0.98) indicating that the Ki67 score generated by the methodology employed in LUMINA trial is highly concordant with the IKWG scoring methodology validated for use on full face sections. Ki67 index summary statistics across LUMINA: Of the 724 eligible cases, 69% (n=500) were assigned as luminal A (median Ki67=7.5%; IQR 5.2-9.8%) and 31% (n=224) as luminal B (median Ki67=19%; IQR 17-23%). Median pathologist scoring time was 4 minutes/case; 45% of cases required scoring of > 5 virtual cores. Per protocol, 39% cases where the initial CI crossed 13.25% were rescored by additional pathologist for final luminal A consensus assignment. Conclusions: Ki67 is a practical biomarker for identifying molecularly defined low-risk luminal A cancers. Our structured quality assurance approach for the trial led to excellent reproducibility and concordance among decentralized labs, supporting applicability of a distributed, inexpensive methodology beyond clinical trial settings and in resource restricted environments.
Citation Format: Torsten Nielson, Samuel Leung, Nazia Riaz, Zuzana Kos, Anita Bane, Timothy J. Whelan. Ki67 Assessment Protocol: Companion Diagnostic Biomarker for LUMINA Prospective Cohort Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-04-02.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Leung
- 2University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nazia Riaz
- 3University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zuzana Kos
- 4University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anita Bane
- 5University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Whelan TJ, Smith S, Nielsen TO, Parpia S, Fyles AW, Bane A, Liu FF, Grimard L, Stevens C, Bowen J, Provencher S, Rakovitch E, Theberge V, Mulligan AM, Akra MA, Voduc KD, Hijal T, Dayes IS, Pond GR, Levine MN. LUMINA: A prospective trial omitting radiotherapy (RT) following breast conserving surgery (BCS) in T 1N 0 luminal A breast cancer (BC). J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.17_suppl.lba501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LBA501 Background: Adjuvant breast RT is usually prescribed following BCS to reduce the risk of local recurrence (LR). However, this treatment is inconvenient, costly, and associated with acute and late toxicity. Traditional clinical pathological factors (CPFs) alone are limited in their ability to identify women with a low enough risk of LR to omit RT. Molecular defined intrinsic subtypes of BC provide additional prognostic information with luminal A having the lowest risk of recurrence. A retrospective analysis of a previous trial suggested that women >60 years with luminal A grade 1-2 T1N0 BC treated by BCS and endocrine therapy alone had a low rate of LR ( JCO 2015; 33:2035). The utility of identifying luminal A subtype combined with CPFs has not been prospectively evaluated for its ability to guide RT decision-making. Methods: A prospective multicenter cohort study was performed. Eligibility criteria were: women ≥ 55 years; having undergone BCS for grade 1-2 T1N0 BC; ≥ 1mm margins of excision; luminal A subtype (defined as: ER ≥ 1%, PR>20%, HER2 negative and Ki67 ≤ 13.25%); and treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy. ER, PR and HER2 were performed locally as per ASCO guidelines. Patients meeting clinical eligibility with ER ≥ 1%, PR>20%, HER2 negative BC were registered and had Ki67 immunohistochemistry performed centrally in one of three Canadian laboratories using International Ki67 Working Group methods. Proficiency testing between laboratories was performed yearly. Patients with Ki67 ≤ 13.25% were enrolled in the trial and were assigned to not receive RT. The primary outcome was LR defined as time from enrollment to any invasive or non-invasive cancer in the ipsilateral breast. Assuming a 5-year LR rate of 3.5%, 500 patients were required to show that the upper bound of a two sided 90% (one-sided 95%) confidence interval (CI) was <5%. Patients were followed every six months for the first two years and then yearly. The probability of LR was estimated using the cumulative incidence function with death as a competing risk. Secondary outcomes were contralateral BC; relapse free survival (RFS) based on any recurrence; disease free survival (DFS) based on any recurrence, second cancer or death; and overall survival (OS). Results: From August 2013 to July 2017, 501 of 727 registered patients from 26 centers had a Ki67 ≤ 13.25% and were enrolled. Median follow-up was 5 years. Median age was 67 and 442 (88%) patients were <75 years. Median tumor size was 1.1 cm. The 5-year rate of LR satisfied our pre-specified boundary (see Table). Conclusions: Women ≥ 55 years with grade 1-2 T1N0 luminal A BC following BCS treated with endocrine therapy alone had very low rates of LR at 5 years and are candidates for omission of RT. Clinical trial information: NCT01791829. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Torsten O. Nielsen
- University of British Columbia, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sameer Parpia
- Ontario Clinical Oncology Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony W. Fyles
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anita Bane
- Toronto General Hospital - UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre - UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Julie Bowen
- Northeast Cancer Centre/Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Sawyna Provencher
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Mohamed A. Akra
- CancerCare Manitoba/University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Tarek Hijal
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Mark Norman Levine
- Ontario Clinical Oncology Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Parulekar WR, Berrang T, Kong I, Rakovitch E, Theberge V, Gelmon KA, Chia SKL, Bellon JR, Jagsi R, Ho AY, White JR, Zellars RC, Bane A, Boileau JF, Lemieux J, Montenegro A, Chen BE, Whelan TJ. Cctg MA.39 tailor RT: A randomized trial of regional radiotherapy in biomarker low-risk node-positive breast cancer (NCT03488693). J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.tps602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TPS602 Background: Biomarker low risk, ER positive (+), HER2 negative (-) breast cancer with low burden nodal involvement may be associated with good outcomes (Woodward 2016, Mamounas 2017). There is conflicting data regarding the efficacy of regional radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery (BCS) or mastectomy in these patients (Kyndi 2008, Whelan 2015, Poortmans 2015, Liu 2015). Our hypothesis is that the risk of recurrence in patients with biomarker low risk, ER+, Her2- breast cancer and involvement of 1-3 lymph nodes where regional RT is omitted will not be inferior to the risk of recurrence in patients treated with regional RT. Methods: MA39 is a Canadian Cancer Trials Group led, NCTN sponsored, randomized phase III study comparing breast cancer recurrence free interval (BCRFI) in patients with ER+, Her2-, LN 1-3+ breast cancer that is low risk as defined by Oncotype Dx Recurrence Score < 18. Secondary objectives include a comparison of DFS, breast cancer mortality, OS, locoregional and distant recurrence free intervals, toxicity, arm volume and mobility measurements, patient reported outcomes and cost effectiveness. Key eligibility criteria include: age ≥ 40 years; BCS or mastectomy with axillary dissection and 1-3 positive axillary nodes; BCS and SLNB alone and 1-2 positive axillary nodes; mastectomy and SLNB alone and only 1 positive axillary node; planned endocrine therapy ≥ 5 years; adjuvant chemotherapy allowed. Statistical design: The primary analysis will be a test of non-inferiority (NI) in the intention to treat population. If the upper bound of a one-sided 95% interval for the hazard ratio for BCRFI is < 1.4, NI will be declared. Using a one-sided α of 0.05 and a power of 87%, it is anticipated that 278 events are required. With an expected 5 years of accrual and 4.5 years of follow-up, 2140 patients are needed for the final sample size. Conduct to Date: Study activation May 30 2018. Participation as of February 2019: Registrations 64 Randomizations 26. CIRB approval for continuation of MA.39 was received on January 11 2019. Clinical trial information: NCT03488693.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanya Berrang
- BCCA-Vancouver Island Cancer Centre, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Iwa Kong
- Juravinski Cancer Ctr, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Eileen Rakovitch
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Reshma Jagsi
- University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alice Y. Ho
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Julia R. White
- NRG Oncology, and The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Anita Bane
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Julie Lemieux
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
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Ashavaid T, Bane A, Ponde C, Rajani R, Pillai S. PCSK9 genetic variants in patients with coronary artery disease - A pilot study. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jerzak KJ, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Cockburn JG, Bane A, Hassell JA. Abstract 2648: Prognostic significance of thyroid hormone receptor-alpha-2 (THRα2) expression in triple-negative breast cancer: A TCGA study. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-2648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormones promote breast cancer cell proliferation and expression of their cognate nuclear receptors has shown prognostic potential in small cohort studies. Among two isoforms of thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRα), the alpha1 splice variant (THRα1) promotes thyroid hormone mediated cell proliferation whereas the alpha2 variant (THRα2) opposes it. Hence, THRα2 expression may be a favorable prognostic biomarker in breast cancer.
Methods: A publicly available database of breast tumors archived by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was employed for this study. We analyzed RNA expression of THRα1 and THRα2 in 106 triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) and correlated it with tumor stage (I vs II vs III) and nodal involvement (positive vs negative). Tumor grade was not uniformly reported. Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were fitted to determine the prognostic impact of THRα1 and THRα2 expression on overall survival (OS) and multivariate models were adjusted for age, tumor stage and radiation treatment.
Results: The median age of women was 54 (range 29-90) and 12.3% died. The majority (62.3%) of patients presented with stage II disease; 16.0% were stage III and 17.9% were stage I at diagnosis. There was no significant correlation between THRα1 or THRα2 expression and tumor stage or nodal involvement. Expression of THRα2 was associated with improved OS in both uni- and multi-variate models (Table).
Conclusions: In this study, THRα2 expression was independently prognostic for improved OS in TNBC. We previously demonstrated similar results in 158 TNBCs via immunohistochemistry but differentiation between RNA (as opposed to protein) splice variants is more precise. These results support investigation of THRα2 up-regulation or THRα1 inhibition as therapeutic strategies.
Table. Prognostic associations of THRα2 expression in TNBCVariableUnivariate HR (95%CI)p valueMultivariate HR (95%CI)p valueLog (THRα2)0.46 (0.26-0.81)<0.010.28 (0.09-0.84)0.02Log (THRα1)0.54 (0.31-0.94)0.031.38 (0.53-3.62)0.51Age (years)0.98 (0.94-1.02)0.370.92 (0.84-1.01)0.10Stage (I vs II vs III vs IV)6.14 (2.19-17.22)<0.0126.03 (4.05-167.14)<0.01Radiation therapy (yes vs no)0.23 (0.04-1.22)0.080.10 (0.02-0.73)0.02
Citation Format: Katarzyna J. Jerzak, Anna Dvorkin-Gheva, Jessica G. Cockburn, Anita Bane, John A. Hassell. Prognostic significance of thyroid hormone receptor-alpha-2 (THRα2) expression in triple-negative breast cancer: A TCGA study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2648.
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Ojo D, Lin X, Wu Y, Cockburn J, Bane A, Tang D. Polycomb complex protein BMI1 confers resistance to tamoxifen in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 426:4-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Schrijver LH, Olsson H, Phillips KA, Terry MB, Goldgar DE, Kast K, Engel C, Mooij TM, Adlard J, Barrowdale D, Davidson R, Eeles R, Ellis S, Evans DG, Frost D, Izatt L, Porteous ME, Side LE, Walker L, Berthet P, Bonadona V, Leroux D, Mouret-Fourme E, Venat-Bouvet L, Buys SS, Southey MC, John EM, Chung WK, Daly MB, Bane A, van Asperen CJ, Gómez Garcia EB, Mourits MJE, van Os TAM, Roos-Blom MJ, Friedlander ML, McLachlan SA, Singer CF, Tan YY, Foretova L, Navratilova M, Gerdes AM, Caldes T, Simard J, Olah E, Jakubowska A, Arver B, Osorio A, Noguès C, Andrieu N, Easton DF, van Leeuwen FE, Hopper JL, Milne RL, Antoniou AC, Rookus MA. Oral Contraceptive Use and Breast Cancer Risk: Retrospective and Prospective Analyses From a BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carrier Cohort Study. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2018; 2:pky023. [PMID: 31360853 PMCID: PMC6649757 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pky023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, the association between oral contraceptive preparation (OCP) use and breast cancer (BC) risk is still unclear. METHODS Breast camcer risk associations were estimated from OCP data on 6030 BRCA1 and 3809 BRCA2 mutation carriers using age-dependent Cox regression, stratified by study and birth cohort. Prospective, left-truncated retrospective and full-cohort retrospective analyses were performed. RESULTS For BRCA1 mutation carriers, OCP use was not associated with BC risk in prospective analyses (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.75 to 1.56), but in the left-truncated and full-cohort retrospective analyses, risks were increased by 26% (95% CI = 6% to 51%) and 39% (95% CI = 23% to 58%), respectively. For BRCA2 mutation carriers, OCP use was associated with BC risk in prospective analyses (HR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.03 to 2.97), but retrospective analyses were inconsistent (left-truncated: HR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.85 to 1.33; full cohort: HR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.28 to 1.81). There was evidence of increasing risk with duration of use, especially before the first full-term pregnancy (BRCA1: both retrospective analyses, P < .001 and P = .001, respectively; BRCA2: full retrospective analysis, P = .002). CONCLUSIONS Prospective analyses did not show that past use of OCP is associated with an increased BC risk for BRCA1 mutation carriers in young middle-aged women (40-50 years). For BRCA2 mutation carriers, a causal association is also not likely at those ages. Findings between retrospective and prospective analyses were inconsistent and could be due to survival bias or a true association for younger women who were underrepresented in the prospective cohort. Given the uncertain safety of long-term OCP use for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, indications other than contraception should be avoided and nonhormonal contraceptive methods should be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieske H Schrijver
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Oncology, Lund University Hospital
| | - Kelly-Anne Phillips
- Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology
- Division of Cancer Medicine
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Karin Kast
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thea M Mooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julian Adlard
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rosemarie Davidson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, South Glasgow University Hospitals, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ros Eeles
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Steve Ellis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Institute of Human Development, Manchester University, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louise Izatt
- Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mary E Porteous
- South East of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lucy E Side
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Lisa Walker
- Oxford Regional Genetics Service, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Dominique Leroux
- CHU de Grenoble, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, Département de Génétique, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Mary B Daly
- Division of Population Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anita Bane
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christi J van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Encarna B Gómez Garcia
- Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marian J E Mourits
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Theo A M van Os
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Roos-Blom
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael L Friedlander
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Sue-Anne McLachlan
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Medicine
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Christian F Singer
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yen Y Tan
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic, Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology
| | - Marie Navratilova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic, Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology
- Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Trinidad Caldes
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, CIBERONC, Martin Lagos s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center and Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edith Olah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Brita Arver
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Osorio
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catherine Noguès
- Oncogénétique Clinique, Institut Paoli-Calmettes and Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Marseille, France
| | - Nadine Andrieu
- INSERM U900, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Ecole des Mines de Paris, ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Flora E van Leeuwen
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matti A Rookus
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - EMBRACE, GENEPSO, BCFR, HEBON, kConFab, and IBCCS
- Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology
- Research Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
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Gwynne WD, Hallett RM, Girgis-Gabardo A, Bojovic B, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Aarts C, Dias K, Bane A, Hassell JA. Serotonergic system antagonists target breast tumor initiating cells and synergize with chemotherapy to shrink human breast tumor xenografts. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32101-32116. [PMID: 28404880 PMCID: PMC5458271 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast tumors comprise an infrequent tumor cell population, termed breast tumor initiating cells (BTIC), which sustain tumor growth, seed metastases and resist cytotoxic therapies. Hence therapies are needed to target BTIC to provide more durable breast cancer remissions than are currently achieved. We previously reported that serotonergic system antagonists abrogated the activity of mouse BTIC resident in the mammary tumors of a HER2-overexpressing model of breast cancer. Here we report that antagonists of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) biosynthesis and activity, including US Federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antidepressants, targeted BTIC resident in numerous breast tumor cell lines regardless of their clinical or molecular subtype. Notably, inhibitors of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), required for 5-HT biosynthesis in select non-neuronal cells, the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) and several 5-HT receptors compromised BTIC activity as assessed by functional sphere-forming assays. Consistent with these findings, human breast tumor cells express TPH1, 5-HT and SERT independent of their molecular or clinical subtype. Exposure of breast tumor cells ex vivo to sertraline (Zoloft), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), reduced BTIC frequency as determined by transplanting drug-treated tumor cells into immune-compromised mice. Moreover, another SSRI (vilazodone; Viibryd) synergized with chemotherapy to shrink breast tumor xenografts in immune-compromised mice by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and inducing their apoptosis. Collectively our data suggest that antidepressants in combination with cytotoxic anticancer therapies may be an appropriate treatment regimen for testing in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Gwynne
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Robin M Hallett
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Canada
| | | | - Bojana Bojovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Anna Dvorkin-Gheva
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Craig Aarts
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Kay Dias
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Anita Bane
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Canada
| | - John A Hassell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Canada
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14
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Ojo D, Wu Y, Bane A, Tang D. A role of SIPL1/SHARPIN in promoting resistance to hormone therapy in breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:735-745. [PMID: 29248549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SIPL1 inhibits PTEN function and stimulates NF-κB signaling; both processes contribute to resistance to hormone therapy in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer (ER+ BC). However, whether SIPL1 promotes tamoxifen resistance in BC remains unclear. We report here that SIPL1 enhances tamoxifen resistance in ER+ BC. Overexpression of SIPL1 in MCF7 and TD47 cells conferred tamoxifen resistance. In MCF7 cell-derived tamoxifen resistant (TAM-R) cells, SIPL1 expression was upregulated and knockdown of SIPL1 in TAM-R cells re-sensitized the cells to tamoxifen. Furthermore, xenograft tumors produced by MCF7 SIPL1 cells but not by MCF7 empty vector cells resisted tamoxifen treatment. Collectively, we demonstrated a role of SIPL1 in promoting tamoxifen resistance in BC. Increases in AKT activation and NF-κB signaling were detected in both MCF7 SIPL1 and TAM-R cells; using specific inhibitors and unique SIPL1 mutants to inhibit either pathway significantly reduced tamoxifen resistance. A SIPL1 mutant defective in activating both pathways was incapable of conferring resistance to tamoxifen, showing that both pathways contributed to SIPL1-derived resistance to tamoxifen in ER+ BCs. Using the Curtis dataset of breast cancer (n=1980) within the cBioPortal database, we examined a correlation of SIPL1 expression with ER+ BC and resistance to hormone therapy. SIPL1 upregulation strongly associates with reductions in overall survival in BC patients, particularly in patients with hormone naïve ER+ BCs. Taken together, we provide data suggesting that SIPL1 contributes to promote resistance to tamoxifen in BC cells through both AKT and NF-κB actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Ojo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; the Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anita Bane
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; the Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Maaroufi A, Vince A, Himatt SM, Mohamed R, Fung J, Opare-Sem O, Workneh A, Njouom R, Al Ghazzawi I, Abdulla M, Kaliaskarova KS, Owusu-Ofori S, Abdelmageed MK, Adda D, Akin O, Al Baqali A, Al Dweik N, Al Ejji K, Al Kaabi S, Al Naamani K, Al Qamish J, Al Sadadi M, Al Salman J, AlBadri M, Al-Busafi SA, Al-Romaihi HE, Ampofo W, Antonov K, Anyaike C, Arome F, Bane A, Blach S, Borodo MM, Brandon SM, Bright B, Butt MT, Cardenas I, Chan HLY, Chen CJ, Chen DS, Chen PJ, Chien RN, Chuang WL, Cuellar D, Derbala M, Elbardiny AA, Estes C, Farag E, Gamkrelidze I, Garcia V, Genov J, Ghandour Z, Ghuloom M, Gomez B, Gunter J, Habeeb J, Hajelssedig O, Hamoudi W, Hrstic I, Hu CC, Huang CF, Hui YT, Jahis R, Jelev D, John AK, Kamel Y, Kao JH, Khamis J, Khattabi H, Khoudri I, Konysbekova A, Kotzev I, Lai MS, Lao WC, Layden J, Lee MH, Lesi O, Li M, Lo A, Loo CK, Lukšić B, Malu AO, Mateva L, Mitova R, Morović M, Murphy K, Mustapha B, Nde H, Nersesov A, Ngige E, Njoya O, Nonković D, Obekpa S, Oguche S, Okolo EE, Omede O, Omuemu C, Ondoa P, Phillips RO, Prokopenko YN, Razavi H, Razavi-Shearer D, Redae B, Reic T, Rinke de Wit T, Rios C, Robbins S, Roberts LR, Sanad SJ, Schmelzer JD, Sharma M, Simonova M, Su TH, Sultan K, Tan SS, Tchernev K, Tsang OTY, Tsang S, Tzeuton C, Ugoeze S, Uzochukwu B, Vi R, Wani HU, Wong VWS, Yacoub R, Yesmembetov KI, Youbi M, Yuen MF, Razavi-Shearer K. Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in select countries-volume 4. J Viral Hepat 2017; 24 Suppl 2:8-24. [PMID: 29105285 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Due to the introduction of newer, more efficacious treatment options, there is a pressing need for policy makers and public health officials to develop or adapt national hepatitis C virus (HCV) control strategies to the changing epidemiological landscape. To do so, detailed, country-specific data are needed to characterize the burden of chronic HCV infection. In this study of 17 countries, a literature review of published and unpublished data on HCV prevalence, viraemia, genotype, age and gender distribution, liver transplants and diagnosis and treatment rates was conducted, and inputs were validated by expert consensus in each country. Viraemic prevalence in this study ranged from 0.2% in Hong Kong to 2.4% in Taiwan, while the largest viraemic populations were in Nigeria (2 597 000 cases) and Taiwan (569 000 cases). Diagnosis, treatment and liver transplant rates varied widely across the countries included in this analysis, as did the availability of reliable data. Addressing data gaps will be critical for the development of future strategies to manage and minimize the disease burden of hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maaroufi
- National Institute of Health Administration, Rabat, Morocco
| | - A Vince
- Medical School University of Zagreb, University Hospital of Infectious Diseases Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S M Himatt
- Ministry of Public Health Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - R Mohamed
- University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J Fung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - O Opare-Sem
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - A Workneh
- Non-Communicable Diseases Programme, World Health Organization, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - R Njouom
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - I Al Ghazzawi
- GI and Hepatology Department, Jordan Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - M Abdulla
- Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
| | - K S Kaliaskarova
- Ministry of Healthcare and Social Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, Kazakhstan.,Republican Coordination Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - D Adda
- Civil Society Network on Hepatitis, Abuja, Nigeria.,Chagro-Care Trust (CCT), Jalingo, Nigeria
| | - O Akin
- Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - A Al Baqali
- Al Kindi Specialised Hospital, Manama, Bahrain
| | - N Al Dweik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - K Al Ejji
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - S Al Kaabi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - K Al Naamani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - J Al Qamish
- Gastroenterolgy Clinic, IBN Al-Nafees Hospital, Manama, Bahrain
| | | | | | - M AlBadri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - S A Al-Busafi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - W Ampofo
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - K Antonov
- University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - C Anyaike
- Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - F Arome
- Advocacy for the Prevention of Hepatitis in Nigeria, Jos, Nigeria
| | - A Bane
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Addis Ababa University Medical School, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Ethiopian Gastroenterological Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - S Blach
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | - M M Borodo
- Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.,Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - S M Brandon
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | - B Bright
- LiveWell Initiative (LWI), Lagos, Nigeria
| | - M T Butt
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - I Cardenas
- Communicable Diseases Division, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Bogota, Colombia
| | - H L Y Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | | | - D S Chen
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P J Chen
- National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - R N Chien
- Liver Research Unit, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - W L Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - D Cuellar
- Department of Epidemiology and Demography, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Bogota, Colombia
| | - M Derbala
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - C Estes
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | - E Farag
- Ministry of Public Health Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - I Gamkrelidze
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | - V Garcia
- Ministry of Public Health, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - J Genov
- University Hospital "Queen Joanna", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Z Ghandour
- BDF Hospital, Royal Medical Services, Riffa, Bahrain
| | - M Ghuloom
- Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
| | - B Gomez
- Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J Gunter
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | - J Habeeb
- Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
| | - O Hajelssedig
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - W Hamoudi
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Al Bashir Hospital, Amman, Jordan.,Jordan Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan
| | - I Hrstic
- General Hospital Pula, Pula, Croatia
| | - C C Hu
- Liver Research Unit, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - C F Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Y T Hui
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - R Jahis
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - D Jelev
- University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - A K John
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Y Kamel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Medicine, Miniya University, Minya, Egypt
| | - J H Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - J Khamis
- Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
| | - H Khattabi
- Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, World Health Organization, Cairo, Egypt
| | - I Khoudri
- National Institute of Health Administration, Rabat, Morocco
| | - A Konysbekova
- Republican Diagnostic Center, Astana, Kazakhstan.,University Medical Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - I Kotzev
- University Hospital "St. Marina", Varna, Bulgaria
| | - M S Lai
- Department of Medicine, North District Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - W C Lao
- Department of Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - J Layden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M H Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - O Lesi
- University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.,Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - M Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - A Lo
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - C K Loo
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - B Lukšić
- Clinical Department of Infectious Diseases, Split University Hospital and Split University Medical School, Split, Croatia
| | - A O Malu
- Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - L Mateva
- University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - R Mitova
- University Hospital "Queen Joanna", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M Morović
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zadar General Hospital, Zadar, Croatia
| | - K Murphy
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | | | - H Nde
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | - A Nersesov
- National Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - E Ngige
- Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - O Njoya
- Research Laboratory on Viral Hepatitis & Health Communication, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - D Nonković
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, County of Dalmatia, Split, Croatia
| | - S Obekpa
- Advocacy for the Prevention of Hepatitis in Nigeria, Jos, Nigeria.,Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - S Oguche
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.,Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.,Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - E E Okolo
- Beacon Youth Initiative, Lafia, Nigeria
| | - O Omede
- Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - C Omuemu
- University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - P Ondoa
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,African Society of Laboratory Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - R O Phillips
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Y N Prokopenko
- Republican Coordination Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - H Razavi
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | | | - B Redae
- Ethiopian Gastroenterological Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,St. Paul's Hospital Millennium College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - T Reic
- European Liver Patients Association, Sint-Truiden, Belgium
| | - T Rinke de Wit
- PharmAccess Foundation, Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Rios
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Bogota, Colombia
| | - S Robbins
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | - L R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S J Sanad
- BDF Hospital, Royal Medical Services, Riffa, Bahrain
| | - J D Schmelzer
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | - M Sharma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - M Simonova
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - T H Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - K Sultan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - S S Tan
- Department of Hepatology, Selayang Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - O T Y Tsang
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital Authority, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - S Tsang
- Department of Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - C Tzeuton
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - S Ugoeze
- Federal Medical Centre, Jalingo, Nigeria
| | - B Uzochukwu
- Institute of Public Health, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - R Vi
- Republican Coordination Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Astana, Kazakhstan.,International HepatoTransplant Group, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - H U Wani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - V W S Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - R Yacoub
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - K I Yesmembetov
- National Scientific Center of Oncology and Transplantology, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - M Youbi
- National Institute of Health Administration, Rabat, Morocco
| | - M F Yuen
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | | |
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16
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Chan HLY, Chen CJ, Omede O, Al Qamish J, Al Naamani K, Bane A, Tan SS, Simonova M, Cardenas I, Derbala M, Akin O, Phillips RO, Abdelmageed MK, Abdulla M, Adda D, Al Baqali A, Al Dweik N, Al Ejji K, Al Ghazzawi I, Al Kaabi S, Al Sadadi M, Al Salman J, AlBadri M, Al-Busafi SA, Al-Romaihi HE, Ampofo W, Antonov K, Anyaike C, Arome F, Blach S, Borodo MM, Brandon SM, Bright B, Butt MT, Chen DS, Chen PJ, Chien RN, Chuang WL, Cuellar D, Elbardiny AA, Estes C, Farag E, Fung J, Gamkrelidze I, Garcia V, Genov J, Ghandour Z, Ghuloom M, Gomez B, Gunter J, Habeeb J, Hajelssedig O, Hamoudi W, Himatt SM, Hrstic I, Hu CC, Huang CF, Hui YT, Jahis R, Jelev D, John AK, Kaliaskarova KS, Kamel Y, Kao JH, Khamis J, Khattabi H, Khoudri I, Konysbekova A, Kotzev I, Lai MS, Lao WC, Layden J, Lee MH, Lesi O, Li M, Lo A, Loo CK, Lukšić B, Maaroufi A, Malu AO, Mateva L, Mitova R, Mohamed R, Morović M, Murphy K, Mustapha B, Nersesov A, Ngige E, Njouom R, Njoya O, Nonković D, Obekpa S, Oguche S, Okolo EE, Omuemu C, Ondoa P, Opare-Sem O, Owusu-Ofori S, Prokopenko YN, Razavi H, Razavi-Shearer D, Razavi-Shearer K, Redae B, Reic T, Rinke de Wit T, Rios C, Robbins S, Roberts LR, Sanad SJ, Schmelzer JD, Sharma M, Su TH, Sultan K, Tchernev K, Tsang OTY, Tsang S, Tzeuton C, Ugoeze S, Uzochukwu B, Vi R, Vince A, Wani HU, Wong VWS, Workneh A, Yacoub R, Yesmembetov KI, Youbi M, Yuen MF, Nde H. The present and future disease burden of hepatitis C virus infections with today's treatment paradigm: Volume 4. J Viral Hepat 2017; 24 Suppl 2:25-43. [PMID: 29105283 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Factors influencing the morbidity and mortality associated with viremic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection change over time and place, making it difficult to compare reported estimates. Models were developed for 17 countries (Bahrain, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Colombia, Croatia, Dominican Republic, Ethiopia, Ghana, Hong Kong, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Morocco, Nigeria, Qatar and Taiwan) to quantify and characterize the viremic population as well as forecast the changes in the infected population and the corresponding disease burden from 2015 to 2030. Model inputs were agreed upon through expert consensus, and a standardized methodology was followed to allow for comparison across countries. The viremic prevalence is expected to remain constant or decline in all but four countries (Ethiopia, Ghana, Jordan and Oman); however, HCV-related morbidity and mortality will increase in all countries except Qatar and Taiwan. In Qatar, the high-treatment rate will contribute to a reduction in total cases and HCV-related morbidity by 2030. In the remaining countries, however, the current treatment paradigm will be insufficient to achieve large reductions in HCV-related morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Y Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | | | - O Omede
- Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - J Al Qamish
- Gastroenterolgy Clinic, IBN Al-Nafees Hospital, Manama, Bahsrain
| | - K Al Naamani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - A Bane
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Addis Ababa University Medical School, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Ethiopian Gastroenterological Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - S S Tan
- Department of Hepatology, Selayang Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Simonova
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - I Cardenas
- Communicable Diseases Division, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Bogota, Colombia
| | - M Derbala
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - O Akin
- Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - R O Phillips
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - M Abdulla
- Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
| | - D Adda
- Civil Society Network on Hepatitis, Abuja, Nigeria.,Chagro-Care Trust (CCT), Jalingo, Nigeria
| | - A Al Baqali
- Al Kindi Specialised Hospital, Manama, Bahrain
| | - N Al Dweik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - K Al Ejji
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - I Al Ghazzawi
- GI and Hepatology Department, Jordan Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - S Al Kaabi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - M AlBadri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - S A Al-Busafi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - W Ampofo
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - K Antonov
- University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - C Anyaike
- Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - F Arome
- Advocacy for the Prevention of Hepatitis in Nigeria, Jos, Nigeria
| | - S Blach
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | - M M Borodo
- Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.,Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - S M Brandon
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | - B Bright
- LiveWell Initiative (LWI), Lagos, Nigeria
| | - M T Butt
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - D S Chen
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P J Chen
- National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - R N Chien
- Liver Research Unit, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - W L Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - D Cuellar
- Department of Epidemiology and Demography, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - C Estes
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | - E Farag
- Ministry of Public Health Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - J Fung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - I Gamkrelidze
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | - V Garcia
- Ministry of Public Health, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - J Genov
- University Hospital "Queen Joanna", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Z Ghandour
- BDF Hospital, Royal Medical Services, Riffa, Bahrain
| | - M Ghuloom
- Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
| | - B Gomez
- Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J Gunter
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | - J Habeeb
- Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
| | - O Hajelssedig
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - W Hamoudi
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Al Bashir Hospital, Amman, Jordan.,Jordan Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan
| | - S M Himatt
- Ministry of Public Health Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - I Hrstic
- General Hospital Pula, Pula, Croatia
| | - C C Hu
- Liver Research Unit, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - C F Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Y T Hui
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - R Jahis
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - D Jelev
- University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - A K John
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - K S Kaliaskarova
- Ministry of Healthcare and Social Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, Kazakhstan.,Republican Coordination Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Y Kamel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Medicine, Miniya University, Minya, Egypt
| | - J H Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - J Khamis
- Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
| | - H Khattabi
- Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, World Health Organization, Cairo, Egypt
| | - I Khoudri
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - A Konysbekova
- Republican Diagnostic Center, Astana, Kazakhstan.,University Medical Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - I Kotzev
- University Hospital "St. Marina", Varna, Bulgaria
| | - M S Lai
- Department of Medicine, North District Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - W C Lao
- Department of Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - J Layden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M H Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - O Lesi
- University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.,Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - M Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - A Lo
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - C K Loo
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - B Lukšić
- Clinical Department of Infectious Diseases, Split University Hospital and Split University Medical School, Split, Croatia
| | - A Maaroufi
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - A O Malu
- Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - L Mateva
- University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - R Mitova
- University Hospital "Queen Joanna", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - R Mohamed
- University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Morović
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zadar General Hospital, Zadar, Croatia
| | - K Murphy
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | | | - A Nersesov
- National Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - E Ngige
- Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - R Njouom
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - O Njoya
- Research Laboratory on Viral Hepatitis & Health Communication, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - D Nonković
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, County of Dalmatia, Split, Croatia
| | - S Obekpa
- Advocacy for the Prevention of Hepatitis in Nigeria, Jos, Nigeria.,Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - S Oguche
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.,Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.,Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - E E Okolo
- Beacon Youth Initiative, Lafia, Nigeria
| | - C Omuemu
- University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - P Ondoa
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,African Society of Laboratory Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - O Opare-Sem
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Y N Prokopenko
- Republican Coordination Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - H Razavi
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | | | | | - B Redae
- Ethiopian Gastroenterological Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,St. Paul's Hospital Millennium College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - T Reic
- European Liver Patients Association, Sint-Truiden, Belgium
| | - T Rinke de Wit
- PharmAccess Foundation, Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Rios
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Bogota, Colombia
| | - S Robbins
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | - L R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S J Sanad
- BDF Hospital, Royal Medical Services, Riffa, Bahrain
| | - J D Schmelzer
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | - M Sharma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - T H Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - K Sultan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - O T Y Tsang
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital Authority, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - S Tsang
- Department of Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - C Tzeuton
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - S Ugoeze
- Federal Medical Centre, Jalingo, Nigeria
| | - B Uzochukwu
- Institute of Public Health, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - R Vi
- Republican Coordination Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Astana, Kazakhstan.,International HepatoTransplant Group, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - A Vince
- Medical School University of Zagreb, University Hospital of Infectious Diseases Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - H U Wani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - V W S Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - A Workneh
- Non-Communicable Diseases Programme, World Health Organization, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - R Yacoub
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - K I Yesmembetov
- National Scientific Center of Oncology and Transplantology, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - M Youbi
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - M F Yuen
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - H Nde
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| |
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17
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Chen DS, Hamoudi W, Mustapha B, Layden J, Nersesov A, Reic T, Garcia V, Rios C, Mateva L, Njoya O, Al-Busafi SA, Abdelmageed MK, Abdulla M, Adda D, Akin O, Al Baqali A, Al Dweik N, Al Ejji K, Al Ghazzawi I, Al Kaabi S, Al Naamani K, Al Qamish J, Al Sadadi M, Al Salman J, AlBadri M, Al-Romaihi HE, Ampofo W, Antonov K, Anyaike C, Arome F, Bane A, Blach S, Borodo MM, Brandon SM, Bright B, Butt MT, Cardenas I, Chan HLY, Chen CJ, Chen PJ, Chien RN, Chuang WL, Cuellar D, Derbala M, Elbardiny AA, Estes C, Farag E, Fung J, Gamkrelidze I, Genov J, Ghandour Z, Ghuloom M, Gomez B, Gunter J, Habeeb J, Hajelssedig O, Himatt SM, Hrstic I, Hu CC, Huang CF, Hui YT, Jahis R, Jelev D, John AK, Kaliaskarova KS, Kamel Y, Kao JH, Khamis J, Khattabi H, Khoudri I, Konysbekova A, Kotzev I, Lai MS, Lao WC, Lee MH, Lesi O, Li M, Lo A, Loo CK, Lukšić B, Maaroufi A, Malu AO, Mitova R, Mohamed R, Morović M, Murphy K, Nde H, Ngige E, Njouom R, Nonković D, Obekpa S, Oguche S, Okolo EE, Omede O, Omuemu C, Ondoa P, Opare-Sem O, Owusu-Ofori S, Phillips RO, Prokopenko YN, Razavi H, Razavi-Shearer D, Razavi-Shearer K, Redae B, Rinke de Wit T, Robbins S, Roberts LR, Sanad SJ, Sharma M, Simonova M, Su TH, Sultan K, Tan SS, Tchernev K, Tsang OTY, Tsang S, Tzeuton C, Ugoeze S, Uzochukwu B, Vi R, Vince A, Wani HU, Wong VWS, Workneh A, Yacoub R, Yesmembetov KI, Youbi M, Yuen MF, Schmelzer JD. Strategies to manage hepatitis C virus infection disease burden-Volume 4. J Viral Hepat 2017; 24 Suppl 2:44-63. [PMID: 29105286 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic was forecasted through 2030 for 17 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America and the Middle East, and interventions for achieving the Global Health Sector Strategy on viral hepatitis targets-"WHO Targets" (65% reduction in HCV-related deaths, 90% reduction in new infections and 90% of infections diagnosed by 2030) were considered. Scaling up treatment and diagnosis rates over time would be required to achieve these targets in all but one country, even with the introduction of high SVR therapies. The scenarios developed to achieve the WHO Targets in all countries studied assumed the implementation of national policies to prevent new infections and to diagnose current infections through screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Chen
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W Hamoudi
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Al Bashir Hospital, Amman, Jordan.,Jordan Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - J Layden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Nersesov
- National Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - T Reic
- European Liver Patients Association, Sint-Truiden, Belgium
| | - V Garcia
- Ministry of Public Health, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - C Rios
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Bogota, Colombia
| | - L Mateva
- University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - O Njoya
- Research Laboratory on Viral Hepatitis & Health Communication, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - S A Al-Busafi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - M Abdulla
- Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
| | - D Adda
- Civil Society Network on Hepatitis, Abuja, Nigeria.,Chagro-Care Trust (CCT), Jalingo, Nigeria
| | - O Akin
- Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - A Al Baqali
- Al Kindi Specialised Hospital, Manama, Bahrain
| | - N Al Dweik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - K Al Ejji
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - I Al Ghazzawi
- GI and Hepatology Department, Jordan Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - S Al Kaabi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - K Al Naamani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - J Al Qamish
- Gastroenterolgy Clinic, IBN Al-Nafees Hospital, Manama, Bahrain
| | | | | | - M AlBadri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - W Ampofo
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - K Antonov
- University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - C Anyaike
- Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - F Arome
- Advocacy for the Prevention of Hepatitis in Nigeria, Jos, Nigeria
| | - A Bane
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Addis Ababa University Medical School, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Ethiopian Gastroenterological Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - S Blach
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | - M M Borodo
- Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.,Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - S M Brandon
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | - B Bright
- LiveWell Initiative (LWI), Lagos, Nigeria
| | - M T Butt
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - I Cardenas
- Communicable Diseases Division, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Bogota, Colombia
| | - H L Y Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - P J Chen
- National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - R N Chien
- Liver Research Unit, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - W L Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - D Cuellar
- Department of Epidemiology and Demography, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Bogota, Colombia
| | - M Derbala
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - C Estes
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | - E Farag
- Ministry of Public Health Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - J Fung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - I Gamkrelidze
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | - J Genov
- University Hospital "Queen Joanna", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Z Ghandour
- BDF Hospital, Royal Medical Services, Riffa, Bahrain
| | - M Ghuloom
- Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
| | - B Gomez
- Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J Gunter
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | - J Habeeb
- Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
| | - O Hajelssedig
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - S M Himatt
- Ministry of Public Health Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - I Hrstic
- General Hospital Pula, Pula, Croatia
| | - C C Hu
- Liver Research Unit, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - C F Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Y T Hui
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - R Jahis
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - D Jelev
- University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - A K John
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - K S Kaliaskarova
- Ministry of Healthcare and Social Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, Kazakhstan.,Republican Coordination Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Y Kamel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Medicine, Miniya University, Minya, Egypt
| | - J H Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J Khamis
- Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
| | - H Khattabi
- Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, World Health Organization, Cairo, Egypt
| | - I Khoudri
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - A Konysbekova
- Republican Diagnostic Center, Astana, Kazakhstan.,University Medical Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - I Kotzev
- University Hospital "St. Marina", Varna, Bulgaria
| | - M S Lai
- Department of Medicine, North District Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - W C Lao
- Department of Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - M H Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - O Lesi
- University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.,Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - M Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - A Lo
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C K Loo
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - B Lukšić
- Clinical Department of Infectious Diseases, Split University Hospital and Split University Medical School, Split, Croatia
| | - A Maaroufi
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - A O Malu
- Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - R Mitova
- University Hospital "Queen Joanna", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - R Mohamed
- University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Morović
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zadar General Hospital, Zadar, Croatia
| | - K Murphy
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | - H Nde
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | - E Ngige
- Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - R Njouom
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - D Nonković
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, Split, Croatia
| | - S Obekpa
- Advocacy for the Prevention of Hepatitis in Nigeria, Jos, Nigeria.,Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - S Oguche
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.,Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.,Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - E E Okolo
- Beacon Youth Initiative, Lafia, Nigeria
| | - O Omede
- Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - C Omuemu
- University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - P Ondoa
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,African Society of Laboratory Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - O Opare-Sem
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - R O Phillips
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Y N Prokopenko
- Republican Coordination Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - H Razavi
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | | | | | - B Redae
- Ethiopian Gastroenterological Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,St. Paul's Hospital Millennium College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - T Rinke de Wit
- PharmAccess Foundation, Department of Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Robbins
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
| | - L R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S J Sanad
- BDF Hospital, Royal Medical Services, Riffa, Bahrain
| | - M Sharma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - M Simonova
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - T H Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - K Sultan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - S S Tan
- Department of Hepatology, Selayang Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - O T Y Tsang
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital Authority, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - S Tsang
- Department of Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - C Tzeuton
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - S Ugoeze
- Federal Medical Centre, Jalingo, Nigeria
| | - B Uzochukwu
- Institute of Public Health, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - R Vi
- Republican Coordination Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Astana, Kazakhstan.,International HepatoTransplant Group, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - A Vince
- Medical School University of Zagreb, University Hospital of Infectious Diseases Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - H U Wani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - V W S Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - A Workneh
- Non-Communicable Diseases Programme, World Health Organization, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - R Yacoub
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - K I Yesmembetov
- National Scientific Center of Oncology and Transplantation, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - M Youbi
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - M F Yuen
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - J D Schmelzer
- Center for Disease Analysis (CDA), Lafayette, CO, USA
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18
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Shenouda MM, Gillgrass A, Nham T, Hogg R, Lee AJ, Chew MV, Shafaei M, Aarts C, Lee DA, Hassell J, Bane A, Dhesy-Thind S, Ashkar AA. Ex vivo expanded natural killer cells from breast cancer patients and healthy donors are highly cytotoxic against breast cancer cell lines and patient-derived tumours. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:76. [PMID: 28668076 PMCID: PMC5493877 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in cancer immunosurveillance. Recent developments in NK cell ex-vivo expansion makes it possible to generate millions of activated NK cells from a small volume of peripheral blood. We tested the functionality of ex vivo expanded NK cells in vitro against breast cancer cell lines and in vivo using a xenograft mouse model. The study aim was to assess functionality and phenotype of expanded NK cells from breast cancer patients against breast cancer cell lines and autologous primary tumours. METHODS We used a well-established NK cell co-culture system to expand NK cells ex vivo from healthy donors and breast cancer patients and examined their surface marker expression. Moreover, we tested the ability of expanded NK cells to lyse the triple negative breast cancer and HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453, respectively. We also tested their ability to prevent tumour growth in vivo using a xenograft mouse model. Finally, we tested the cytotoxicity of expanded NK cells against autologous and allogeneic primary breast cancer tumours in vitro. RESULTS After 3 weeks of culture we observed over 1000-fold expansion of NK cells isolated from either breast cancer patients or healthy donors. We also showed that the phenotype of expanded NK cells is comparable between those from healthy donors and cancer patients. Moreover, our results confirm the ability of ex vivo expanded NK cells to lyse tumour cell lines in vitro. While the cell lines examined had differential sensitivity to NK cell killing we found this was correlated with level of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression. In our in vivo model, NK cells prevented tumour establishment and growth in immunocompromised mice. Finally, we showed that NK cells expanded from the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients show high cytotoxicity against allogeneic and autologous patient-derived tumour cells in vitro. CONCLUSION NK cells from breast cancer patients can be expanded similarly to those from healthy donors, have a high cytotoxic ability against breast cancer cell lines and patient-derived tumour cells, and can be compatible with current cancer treatments to restore NK cell function in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira M. Shenouda
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL 4015 Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Amy Gillgrass
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL 4015 Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Tina Nham
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL 4015 Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Richard Hogg
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL 4015 Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Amanda J. Lee
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL 4015 Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Marianne V. Chew
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL 4015 Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Mahsa Shafaei
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL 4015 Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Craig Aarts
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL 4015 Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Dean A. Lee
- Cellular Therapy and Cancer Immunology Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology and BMT, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio, USA
| | - John Hassell
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL 4015 Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Anita Bane
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL 4015 Hamilton, ON Canada
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | | | - Ali A. Ashkar
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL 4015 Hamilton, ON Canada
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19
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Hamdi Y, Soucy P, Kuchenbaeker KB, Pastinen T, Droit A, Lemaçon A, Adlard J, Aittomäki K, Andrulis IL, Arason A, Arnold N, Arun BK, Azzollini J, Bane A, Barjhoux L, Barrowdale D, Benitez J, Berthet P, Blok MJ, Bobolis K, Bonadona V, Bonanni B, Bradbury AR, Brewer C, Buecher B, Buys SS, Caligo MA, Chiquette J, Chung WK, Claes KBM, Daly MB, Damiola F, Davidson R, De la Hoya M, De Leeneer K, Diez O, Ding YC, Dolcetti R, Domchek SM, Dorfling CM, Eccles D, Eeles R, Einbeigi Z, Ejlertsen B, Engel C, Gareth Evans D, Feliubadalo L, Foretova L, Fostira F, Foulkes WD, Fountzilas G, Friedman E, Frost D, Ganschow P, Ganz PA, Garber J, Gayther SA, Gerdes AM, Glendon G, Godwin AK, Goldgar DE, Greene MH, Gronwald J, Hahnen E, Hamann U, Hansen TVO, Hart S, Hays JL, Hogervorst FBL, Hulick PJ, Imyanitov EN, Isaacs C, Izatt L, Jakubowska A, James P, Janavicius R, Jensen UB, John EM, Joseph V, Just W, Kaczmarek K, Karlan BY, Kets CM, Kirk J, Kriege M, Laitman Y, Laurent M, Lazaro C, Leslie G, Lester J, Lesueur F, Liljegren A, Loman N, Loud JT, Manoukian S, Mariani M, Mazoyer S, McGuffog L, Meijers-Heijboer HEJ, Meindl A, Miller A, Montagna M, Mulligan AM, Nathanson KL, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Nussbaum RL, Olah E, Olopade OI, Ong KR, Oosterwijk JC, Osorio A, Papi L, Park SK, Pedersen IS, Peissel B, Segura PP, Peterlongo P, Phelan CM, Radice P, Rantala J, Rappaport-Fuerhauser C, Rennert G, Richardson A, Robson M, Rodriguez GC, Rookus MA, Schmutzler RK, Sevenet N, Shah PD, Singer CF, Slavin TP, Snape K, Sokolowska J, Sønderstrup IMH, Southey M, Spurdle AB, Stadler Z, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Sukiennicki G, Sutter C, Tan Y, Tea MK, Teixeira MR, Teulé A, Teo SH, Terry MB, Thomassen M, Tihomirova L, Tischkowitz M, Tognazzo S, Toland AE, Tung N, van den Ouweland AMW, van der Luijt RB, van Engelen K, van Rensburg EJ, Varon-Mateeva R, Wappenschmidt B, Wijnen JT, Rebbeck T, Chenevix-Trench G, Offit K, Couch FJ, Nord S, Easton DF, Antoniou AC, Simard J. Association of breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers with genetic variants showing differential allelic expression: identification of a modifier of breast cancer risk at locus 11q22.3. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 161:117-134. [PMID: 27796716 PMCID: PMC5222911 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-4018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cis-acting regulatory SNPs resulting in differential allelic expression (DAE) may, in part, explain the underlying phenotypic variation associated with many complex diseases. To investigate whether common variants associated with DAE were involved in breast cancer susceptibility among BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, a list of 175 genes was developed based of their involvement in cancer-related pathways. METHODS Using data from a genome-wide map of SNPs associated with allelic expression, we assessed the association of ~320 SNPs located in the vicinity of these genes with breast and ovarian cancer risks in 15,252 BRCA1 and 8211 BRCA2 mutation carriers ascertained from 54 studies participating in the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2. RESULTS We identified a region on 11q22.3 that is significantly associated with breast cancer risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers (most significant SNP rs228595 p = 7 × 10-6). This association was absent in BRCA2 carriers (p = 0.57). The 11q22.3 region notably encompasses genes such as ACAT1, NPAT, and ATM. Expression quantitative trait loci associations were observed in both normal breast and tumors across this region, namely for ACAT1, ATM, and other genes. In silico analysis revealed some overlap between top risk-associated SNPs and relevant biological features in mammary cell data, which suggests potential functional significance. CONCLUSION We identified 11q22.3 as a new modifier locus in BRCA1 carriers. Replication in larger studies using estrogen receptor (ER)-negative or triple-negative (i.e., ER-, progesterone receptor-, and HER2-negative) cases could therefore be helpful to confirm the association of this locus with breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosr Hamdi
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center and Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Penny Soucy
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center and Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Karoline B Kuchenbaeker
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center and Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Audrey Lemaçon
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center and Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Julian Adlard
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, HUS, Meilahdentie 2, P.O. BOX 160, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adalgeir Arason
- Department of Pathology hus 9, Landspitali-LSH v/Hringbraut, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland
- BMC (Biomedical Centre), Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegi 16, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Campus Kiel, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Banu K Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology and Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Pressler Street CBP 5, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jacopo Azzollini
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Anita Bane
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, McMaster University, 711 Concession Street, Hamilton, ON, L8V 1C3, Canada
| | - Laure Barjhoux
- Bâtiment Cheney D, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laënnec, 69373, Lyon, France
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Human Genotyping (CEGEN) Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pascaline Berthet
- Centre François Baclesse, 3 avenue Général Harris, 14076, Caen, France
| | - Marinus J Blok
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristie Bobolis
- City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Valérie Bonadona
- Unité de Prévention et d'Epidémiologie Génétique, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laënnec, 69373, Lyon, France
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela R Bradbury
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Carole Brewer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX1 2ED, UK
| | - Bruno Buecher
- Service de Génétique Oncologique, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Maria A Caligo
- Section of Genetic Oncology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jocelyne Chiquette
- Unité de recherche en santé des populations, Centre des maladies du sein Deschênes-Fabia, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, 1050 chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC, G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kathleen B M Claes
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mary B Daly
- Division of Population Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Francesca Damiola
- Bâtiment Cheney D, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laënnec, 69373, Lyon, France
| | - Rosemarie Davidson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, South Glasgow University Hospitals, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Miguel De la Hoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (El Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), Martin Lagos s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kim De Leeneer
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Orland Diez
- Oncogenetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Area, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuan Chun Ding
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Cancer Bioimmunotherapy Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, PN, Italy
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cecilia M Dorfling
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, 0007, South Africa
| | - Diana Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Ros Eeles
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Zakaria Einbeigi
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE, Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Institute of Human Development, Manchester University, Central Manchester University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Lidia Feliubadalo
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Gran Via de l'Hospitalet, 199-203, L'Hospitalet, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 65653, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, (INRASTES) Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Gregoriou & Neapoleos str., Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - William D Foulkes
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - George Fountzilas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Eitan Friedman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Institute of Human Genetics, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pamela Ganschow
- Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Patricia A Ganz
- UCLA Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Division of Cancer Prevention & Control Research, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 650 Charles Young Drive South, Room A2-125 HS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-6900, USA
| | - Judy Garber
- Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clincial Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 4062, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gord Glendon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, 4019 Wahl Hall East, MS 3040, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, SOM 4B454, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, DCEG, NCI NIH, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 6E-454, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Polabska 4, 70-115, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics and Centre for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas V O Hansen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven Hart
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - John L Hays
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Arthur C. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute Biomedical Research Tower, Room 588, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Frans B L Hogervorst
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute, P.O. Box 90203, 1006 BE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Hulick
- Center for Medical Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, 1000 Central Street, Suite 620, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | | | - Claudine Isaacs
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Louise Izatt
- Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Polabska 4, 70-115, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paul James
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ramunas Janavicius
- Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Department of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Santariskiu st. 2, 08661, Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Zygymantu st. 9, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Uffe Birk Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgaardsvej 21C, Århus N, Denmark
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2201 Walnut Avenue Suite 300, Fremont, CA, 94538, USA
- Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology) and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vijai Joseph
- Clinical Genetics Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10044, USA
| | - Walter Just
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, 89091, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Kaczmarek
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Polabska 4, 70-115, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 290W, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Carolien M Kets
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judy Kirk
- Westmead Hospital, Familial Cancer Service, Hawkebury Road, P.O. Box 533, Wentworthville, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Mieke Kriege
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5201, 3008 AE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yael Laitman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Institute of Human Genetics, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Maïté Laurent
- Service de Génétique Oncologique, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Conxi Lazaro
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Gran Via de l'Hospitalet, 199-203, L'Hospitalet, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Goska Leslie
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 290W, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer Team, INSERM U900, Institut Curie Mines ParisTech, PSL University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Annelie Liljegren
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Loman
- Department of Oncology, Lund University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jennifer T Loud
- Clinical Genetics Branch, DCEG, NCI NIH, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 6E-454, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Mariani
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Sylvie Mazoyer
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center-CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hanne E J Meijers-Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Campus Kiel, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Austin Miller
- NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm St & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, HUS, P.O. BOX 700, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert L Nussbaum
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, University of California, 513 Parnassus Ave., HSE 901E, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0794, USA
| | - Edith Olah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2115, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kai-Ren Ong
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jan C Oosterwijk
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Osorio
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Papi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Sue Kyung Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea
| | - Inge Sokilde Pedersen
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Reberbansgade 15, Ålborg, Denmark
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Pedro Perez Segura
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (El Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), Martin Lagos s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, The FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, c/o IFOM-IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Catherine M Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predicted Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), c/o Amaedeolab via GA Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Johanna Rantala
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, L5:03, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Israeli Cancer Control Center and Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center and B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, 7 Michal St., 34362, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andrea Richardson
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mark Robson
- Clinical Genetics, Services Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Gustavo C Rodriguez
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, University of Chicago, 2650 Ridge Avenue, Suite 1507, Walgreens, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - Matti A Rookus
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, P.O. Box 90203, 1006 BE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rita Katharina Schmutzler
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics and Centre for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicolas Sevenet
- Oncogénétique, Institut Bergonié, 229 cours de l'Argonne, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Payal D Shah
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christian F Singer
- Department of OB/GYN, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas P Slavin
- Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Katie Snape
- Medical Genetics Unit, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Johanna Sokolowska
- Laboratoire de génétique médicale Nancy Université, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire, Rue du Morvan cedex 1, 54511, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Ida Marie Heeholm Sønderstrup
- Department of Pathology Region Zealand Section Slagelse, Slagelse Hospital, Ingemannsvej 18 Slagelse, Cpoenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melissa Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Zsofia Stadler
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Grzegorz Sukiennicki
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Polabska 4, 70-115, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Christian Sutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yen Tan
- Department of OB/GYN, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Muy-Kheng Tea
- Department of OB/GYN, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alex Teulé
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Gran Via de l'Hospitalet, 199-203, L'Hospitalet, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, 1 Jalan SS12/1A, 47500, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya, 1 Jalan SS12/1A, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Sonder Boulevard 29, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Laima Tihomirova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites str 1, Riga, Latvia
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics Level 6 Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Box 134, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Silvia Tognazzo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Amanda Ewart Toland
- Division of Human Genetics, Departments of Internal Medicine and Cancer Biology and Genetics Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 998 Biomedical Research Tower, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nadine Tung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ans M W van den Ouweland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob B van der Luijt
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Klaartje van Engelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth J van Rensburg
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, 0007, South Africa
| | - Raymonda Varon-Mateeva
- Institute of Human Genetics, Charite Berlin, Campus Virchov Klinikum, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics and Centre for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Juul T Wijnen
- Department of Human Genetics & Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Rebbeck
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10044, USA
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Silje Nord
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center and Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Laurie SA, Hao D, Leighl NB, Goffin J, Khomani A, Gupta A, Addison CL, Bane A, Seely J, Filion ML, Pond GR, Levine MN. A phase II trial of dovitinib in previously-treated advanced pleural mesothelioma: The Ontario Clinical Oncology Group. Lung Cancer 2016; 104:65-69. [PMID: 28213002 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Following failure of a platinum-antifolate combination regimen, there is no standard therapy for advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathways may be a relevant target in MPM. Dovitinib inhibits multiple tyrosine receptor kinases, predominantly the vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR), but also FGFRs, and could be active in MPM. METHODS This open-label multicentre phase II trial [NCT01769547] enrolled fit, consenting adult patients with advanced MPM who had previously received platinum-antifolate combination chemotherapy and up to one additional line of systemic therapy. Dovitinib was administered orally at 500mg/day for 5days on, 2days off, in 28-day cycles. Response was assessed every 2 cycles using RECIST 1.1 criteria modified for MPM. Correlative studies included FGFR-1 amplification on archival tumour and serum samples for circulating angiogenesis factors. The primary end-point was the proportion of patients progression-free at 3 months (PF3) using a two-stage design. RESULTS 12 patients (10 males, median age 67) were enrolled. The median number of cycles administered was 2.5 (range 1-8). One unconfirmed partial response was observed. PF3 was 50% (95% confidence interval 28.4% to 88.0%); although the criterion for proceeding to stage II accrual was met, the trial was halted due to a combination of minimal activity with several early progression events and poor tolerability in this patient population. One of 12 tumour specimens had low amplification of FGFR-1. CONCLUSIONS Dovitinib has minimal activity in previously-treated MPM. The role of the FGFR pathway in MPM remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Laurie
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, 501 Smyth Road Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Desiree Hao
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Natasha B Leighl
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - John Goffin
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, 699 Concession St, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Abderrahim Khomani
- The Cancer Centre of NorthEastern Ontario, 41 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
| | - Ashish Gupta
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, 501 Smyth Road Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Anita Bane
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Department of Oncology, McMaster University, 699 Concession St, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Jean Seely
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, 501 Smyth Road Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Marc L Filion
- Ontario Clinical Oncology Group, McMaster University, 711 Concession St, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Gregory R Pond
- Ontario Clinical Oncology Group, McMaster University, 711 Concession St, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Mark N Levine
- Ontario Clinical Oncology Group, McMaster University, 711 Concession St, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Cockburn JG, Hallett RM, Gillgrass AE, Dias KN, Whelan T, Levine MN, Hassell JA, Bane A. The effects of lymph node status on predicting outcome in ER+ /HER2- tamoxifen treated breast cancer patients using gene signatures. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:555. [PMID: 27469239 PMCID: PMC4964078 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymph node (LN) status is the most important prognostic variable used to guide ER positive (+) breast cancer treatment. While a positive nodal status is traditionally associated with a poor prognosis, a subset of these patients respond well to treatment and achieve long-term survival. Several gene signatures have been established as a means of predicting outcome of breast cancer patients, but the development and indication for use of these assays varies. Here we compare the capacity of two approved gene signatures and a third novel signature to predict outcome in distinct LN negative (-) and LN+ populations. We also examine biological differences between tumours associated with LN- and LN+ disease. METHODS Gene expression data from publically available data sets was used to compare the ability of Oncotype DX and Prosigna to predict Distant Metastasis Free Survival (DMFS) using an in silico platform. A novel gene signature (Ellen) was developed by including patients with both LN- and LN+ disease and using Prediction Analysis of Microarrays (PAM) software. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to determine biological pathways associated with patient outcome in both LN- and LN+ tumors. RESULTS The Oncotype DX gene signature, which only used LN- patients during development, significantly predicted outcome in LN- patients, but not LN+ patients. The Prosigna gene signature, which included both LN- and LN+ patients during development, predicted outcome in both LN- and LN+ patient groups. Ellen was also able to predict outcome in both LN- and LN+ patient groups. GSEA suggested that epigenetic modification may be related to poor outcome in LN- disease, whereas immune response may be related to good outcome in LN+ disease. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the importance of incorporating lymph node status during the development of prognostic gene signatures. Ellen may be a useful tool to predict outcome of patients regardless of lymph node status, or for those with unknown lymph node status. Finally we present candidate biological processes, unique to LN- and LN+ disease, that may indicate risk of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G. Cockburn
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Robin M. Hallett
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Functional Genomics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Amy E. Gillgrass
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Kay N. Dias
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Canada
| | - T. Whelan
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Canada
| | - M. N. Levine
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Canada
| | - John A. Hassell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Functional Genomics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Anita Bane
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Canada
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Hallett RM, Cockburn JG, Li B, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Hassell JA, Bane A. Identification and evaluation of network modules for the prognosis of basal-like breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17713-24. [PMID: 25991675 PMCID: PMC4627340 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is a molecular subtype of breast cancer associated with poor clinical outcome, although some patients with BLBC experience long-term survival. Apart from nodal status, current clinical/histopathological variables show little capacity to identify BLBC patients at either high- or low-risk of disease recurrence. Accordingly, we sought to develop a network based genomic predictor for predicting the outcome of patients with BLBC. Experimental Design We performed network analysis on global gene expression profiling data of BLBCs, and identified BLBC network modules associated with AP-1 transcription, G-protein coupled receptors, and T-, B-, and NK-cells that are significant predictors of BLBC patient survival. Results In gene expression and tissue microarray (TMA) validation cohorts of 210 and 102 BLBC patients, respectively, the identified network modules were robustly associated with patient outcome. In the gene expression validation cohort, the Kaplan-Meier estimate for 10-year survival in the low-risk group was 90%, whereas in the high-risk group it was a 56%. In the TMA cohort, the Kaplan-Meier estimate for 10-year survival in the low-risk group was 98%, whereas in the high-risk group it was 71%. Conclusions The capacity to distinguish between patients with BLBC at high- or low-risk of recurrence at the time of diagnosis could permit timely intervention with more aggressive therapeutic regimens in those patients predicted to be high-risk, and to avoid such therapy in low-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Hallett
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Functional Genomics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Brian Li
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Dvorkin-Gheva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Functional Genomics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John A Hassell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Functional Genomics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anita Bane
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Ojo D, Wei F, Liu Y, Wang E, Zhang H, Lin X, Wong N, Bane A, Tang D. Factors Promoting Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer via Stimulating Breast Cancer Stem Cell Expansion. Curr Med Chem 2016; 22:2360-74. [PMID: 25882671 DOI: 10.2174/0929867322666150416095744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-alpha positive (ER(+)) breast cancer constitutes 70-75% of the disease incidence. Tamoxifen has been the basis of endocrine therapy for patients with ER(+) breast cancer for more than three decades. The treatment reduces the annual mortality rate of breast cancer by 31%, and remains the most effective targeted cancer therapy. However, approximately one-third of patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen suffer from aggressive recurrent disease. Resistance to tamoxifen, thus, remains a major challenge in providing effective treatments for these patients. In an effort to overcome the resistance, intensive research has been conducted to understand the underlying mechanisms; this has resulted in the identification of complex factors/pathways contributing to tamoxifen resistance, including modulations of the ERsignaling, upregulation of a set of growth factor receptor networks (HER2, EGFR, FGFR, and IGF1R), alterations of the PI3K-PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway, and an elevation of the NF-κB signaling. Despite these advances, our understanding of the acquired resistance remains fragmented and there is a lack of a platform to integrate these diversified molecular factors/ pathways into a cohesive mechanistic model. Nonetheless, at the cellular level, it is becoming increasingly recongnized that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are key in driving cancer metastasis and therapy resistance. Likewise, evidence is emerging for the critical contributions of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) to tamoxifen resistance. In this review, we will discuss these recent developments of BCSC-mediated resistance to tamoxifen and the contributions of those demonstrated molecular factors/pathways to BCSC expansion during the emergency of tamoxifen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Damu Tang
- T3310, St. Joseph's Hospital, 50 Charlton Ave East, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 4A6.
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Silvestri V, Barrowdale D, Mulligan AM, Neuhausen SL, Fox S, Karlan BY, Mitchell G, James P, Thull DL, Zorn KK, Carter NJ, Nathanson KL, Domchek SM, Rebbeck TR, Ramus SJ, Nussbaum RL, Olopade OI, Rantala J, Yoon SY, Caligo MA, Spugnesi L, Bojesen A, Pedersen IS, Thomassen M, Jensen UB, Toland AE, Senter L, Andrulis IL, Glendon G, Hulick PJ, Imyanitov EN, Greene MH, Mai PL, Singer CF, Rappaport-Fuerhauser C, Kramer G, Vijai J, Offit K, Robson M, Lincoln A, Jacobs L, Machackova E, Foretova L, Navratilova M, Vasickova P, Couch FJ, Hallberg E, Ruddy KJ, Sharma P, Kim SW, Teixeira MR, Pinto P, Montagna M, Matricardi L, Arason A, Johannsson OT, Barkardottir RB, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Izquierdo A, Pujana MA, Balmaña J, Diez O, Ivady G, Papp J, Olah E, Kwong A, Nevanlinna H, Aittomäki K, Perez Segura P, Caldes T, Van Maerken T, Poppe B, Claes KBM, Isaacs C, Elan C, Lasset C, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Barjhoux L, Belotti M, Meindl A, Gehrig A, Sutter C, Engel C, Niederacher D, Steinemann D, Hahnen E, Kast K, Arnold N, Varon-Mateeva R, Wand D, Godwin AK, Evans DG, Frost D, Perkins J, Adlard J, Izatt L, Platte R, Eeles R, Ellis S, Hamann U, Garber J, Fostira F, Fountzilas G, Pasini B, Giannini G, Rizzolo P, Russo A, Cortesi L, Papi L, Varesco L, Palli D, Zanna I, Savarese A, Radice P, Manoukian S, Peissel B, Barile M, Bonanni B, Viel A, Pensotti V, Tommasi S, Peterlongo P, Weitzel JN, Osorio A, Benitez J, McGuffog L, Healey S, Gerdes AM, Ejlertsen B, Hansen TVO, Steele L, Ding YC, Tung N, Janavicius R, Goldgar DE, Buys SS, Daly MB, Bane A, Terry MB, John EM, Southey M, Easton DF, Chenevix-Trench G, Antoniou AC, Ottini L. Male breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: pathology data from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:15. [PMID: 26857456 PMCID: PMC4746828 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRCA1 and, more commonly, BRCA2 mutations are associated with increased risk of male breast cancer (MBC). However, only a paucity of data exists on the pathology of breast cancers (BCs) in men with BRCA1/2 mutations. Using the largest available dataset, we determined whether MBCs arising in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers display specific pathologic features and whether these features differ from those of BRCA1/2 female BCs (FBCs). METHODS We characterised the pathologic features of 419 BRCA1/2 MBCs and, using logistic regression analysis, contrasted those with data from 9675 BRCA1/2 FBCs and with population-based data from 6351 MBCs in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. RESULTS Among BRCA2 MBCs, grade significantly decreased with increasing age at diagnosis (P = 0.005). Compared with BRCA2 FBCs, BRCA2 MBCs were of significantly higher stage (P for trend = 2 × 10(-5)) and higher grade (P for trend = 0.005) and were more likely to be oestrogen receptor-positive [odds ratio (OR) 10.59; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 5.15-21.80] and progesterone receptor-positive (OR 5.04; 95 % CI 3.17-8.04). With the exception of grade, similar patterns of associations emerged when we compared BRCA1 MBCs and FBCs. BRCA2 MBCs also presented with higher grade than MBCs from the SEER database (P for trend = 4 × 10(-12)). CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the largest series analysed to date, our results show that BRCA1/2 MBCs display distinct pathologic characteristics compared with BRCA1/2 FBCs, and we identified a specific BRCA2-associated MBC phenotype characterised by a variable suggesting greater biological aggressiveness (i.e., high histologic grade). These findings could lead to the development of gender-specific risk prediction models and guide clinical strategies appropriate for MBC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Silvestri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Stephen Fox
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, East Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Gillian Mitchell
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Paul James
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Darcy L Thull
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Kristin K Zorn
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Robert L Nussbaum
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Johanna Rantala
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sook-Yee Yoon
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
- University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Maria A Caligo
- Section of Genetic Oncology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Laura Spugnesi
- Section of Genetic Oncology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Anders Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.
| | - Inge Sokilde Pedersen
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Uffe Birk Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Amanda Ewart Toland
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Leigha Senter
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Gord Glendon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Peter J Hulick
- Center for Medical Genetics, North Shore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | | | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Phuong L Mai
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Christian F Singer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - Gero Kramer
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mark Robson
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Anne Lincoln
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Lauren Jacobs
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Eva Machackova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Marie Navratilova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Vasickova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Emily Hallberg
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | | | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Sung-Won Kim
- Department of Surgery, Daerim St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Pinto
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS (Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Care), Padua, Italy.
| | - Laura Matricardi
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS (Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Care), Padua, Italy.
| | - Adalgeir Arason
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali University Hospital and Biomedical Centre (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Oskar Th Johannsson
- Department of Oncology, Landspitali University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Rosa B Barkardottir
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali University Hospital and Biomedical Centre (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Angel Izquierdo
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IDIBGI), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.
| | - Miguel Angel Pujana
- Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Judith Balmaña
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Orland Diez
- Oncogenetics Group, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gabriella Ivady
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Janos Papp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Edith Olah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ava Kwong
- The Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Cancer Genetics Center, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Pedro Perez Segura
- Department of Oncology, San Carlos Clinical Hospital Health Research Institute (IdISSC), San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Trinidad Caldes
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, San Carlos Clinical Hospital Health Research Institute (IdISSC), San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Tom Van Maerken
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bruce Poppe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | - Claudine Isaacs
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Camille Elan
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
| | - Christine Lasset
- CNRS UMR5558, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
- Unité de Prévention et d'Epidémiologie Génétique, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Laure Barjhoux
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - Muriel Belotti
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Andrea Gehrig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Sutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Karin Kast
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Gynaecolgy and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | | | | | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Jo Perkins
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Louise Izatt
- Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Radka Platte
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK.
| | - Ros Eeles
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Steve Ellis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Judy Garber
- Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology (INRASTES), National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece.
| | - George Fountzilas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Barbara Pasini
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
- AO Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Giannini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Piera Rizzolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Russo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Laura Cortesi
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Laura Papi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Liliana Varesco
- Unit of Hereditary Cancer, Department of Epidemiology, Prevention and Special Functions, IRCCS (Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Care), AOU San Martino - IST National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy.
| | - Ines Zanna
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy.
| | - Antonella Savarese
- Unit of Genetic Counselling, Medical Oncology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, IRCCS (Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Care), National Cancer Institute (INT), 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, IRCCS (Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Care), National Cancer Institute (INT), Milan, Italy.
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, IRCCS (Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Care), National Cancer Institute (INT), Milan, Italy.
| | - Monica Barile
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy.
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Viel
- Division of Experimental Oncology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy.
| | - Valeria Pensotti
- IFOM, FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.
- Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.
| | - Jeffrey N Weitzel
- Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genetics Community Research Network, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Ana Osorio
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Benitez
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
- Human Genotyping (CEGEN) Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Sue Healey
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas V O Hansen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Linda Steele
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Yuan Chun Ding
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Nadine Tung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ramunas Janavicius
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Anita Bane
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA.
| | - Melissa Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Li B, Hallet R, Wu Y, Pong G, Hassell J, Hotte S, Levine M, Lukka H, Bane A. Abstract 4346: Prognostic gene signature for intermediate risk prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-4346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The over treatment of prostate cancer patients is a significant concern, as recent clinical trials suggest that many patients are over treated which can lead to significant patient morbidity. Although the Gleason score is a powerful predictor of lethal or indolent disease, a significant proportion (∼40%) of men present with early stage Gleason score (GS) 7 tumors, for whom prognosis is variable. The goal of this study is to develop and optimize a robust prognostic gene signature that can be utilized on formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) core biopsy tumor material to better classify patients with intermediate risk, GS 7 tumors into good and poor outcome groups.
Three gene signatures were derived from publicly available gene expression profiles of the Swedish Watchful Waiting cohort. The Genomic Grade Index consisted of the top 25 molecular signatures discriminating between high (8, 9 & 10) and low (≤ 6) GS tumors. The Lethal Gene Score consisted of the top 25 molecular signatures discriminating between lethal and indolent disease within GS 7 tumors only. A network-based gene signature consisted of 88 genes which accurately stratified GS 7 patients into high risk and low risk groups, resembling the survival curves of high GS and low GS patients. The prognostic capacity of the combined gene signature was tested in silico on the gene expression profiles of the Mayo cohort. Results demonstrated the gene signature's highly robust capacity for differentiating low risk and high risk patients within GS 7 patients.
The NanoString nCounter System will be used to quantify mRNA from prostate FFPE blocks to assess the expression of the 138 prognostic genes. 156 archived prostate tumor blocks will be collected from intermediate risk, GS 7 patients enrolled in the 2005 PR5 prostate trial, which also collected 12 years of clinical follow-up information. Results will be correlated with biochemical (PSA) failure rates and overall survival.
In short, our findings provide proof-of-principle that through the use of gene signatures it is possible to separate prostate cancer patients of intermediate risk into good and poor outcome groups. Furthermore, they also identify multiple gene candidates whose expression could likely be formulated into a clinically applicable assay, the implementation of which could serve to stratify prostate cancer patients with tumors of intermediate risk into more accurate high and low risk groups.
Citation Format: Brian Li, Robin Hallet, Ying Wu, Greg Pong, John Hassell, Sebastien Hotte, Mark Levine, Himansu Lukka, Anita Bane. Prognostic gene signature for intermediate risk prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4346. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4346
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Li
- 1Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ying Wu
- 1Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Greg Pong
- 1Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Mark Levine
- 1Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Anita Bane
- 1Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Cockburn JG, Gillgrass A, Bane A. Abstract 5289: The role of the immune system in lymph node positive ER+ breast cancer. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-5289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer (BC) accounts for 70% of BC diagnoses and is associated with a good outcome when treated with conventional therapies, including tamoxifen. However, there remains a sub-population of patients who undergo relapse within 10 years of diagnosis and do not respond well to standard therapies. While lymph node (LN) status is an important indicator of poor prognosis, additional information is needed to more accurately predict patients who will or will not relapse. Previous genomic studies from our lab have shown that immune response is an important feature of LN+ BCs that do not relapse. In addition, other studies have also examined the role of the immune system in ER+ BC, but due to varying study designs, it is unclear how immune response pertains to ER+ BC relapse. The goal of this project is to characterize immune response in ER+ BC by measuring levels of immune markers using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RNA expression levels and comparing those to tumour characteristics. We have developed a cohort of retrospective ER+ BC patients with tumour samples available through the Hamilton Health Science tumour bank. Patients were selected for eligibility based on ER status, early stage disease, and having long term clinical follow-up. Clinical charts for each patient were reviewed and pathological, treatment, and outcome data were abstracted. Tumour blocks were obtained and sections stained for haematoxylin and eosin were marked for tumour boarders then used to construct Tissue microarrays (TMA) for IHC assays and RNA is to be extracted from each tumour block. 318 patient samples have been obtained that meet eligibility requirements. Among those, 163 are LN- and 110 are LN+, and the remainder have unknown LN status. Primary endpoint for this study is the development of distant metastasis. Roughly 10% of LN- patients developed distant metastasis within 10 years and roughly 20% of LN+ patients developed distant metastasis. In total, 14% of patients came to endpoint during the study period. TMAs were stained for pathological markers, including ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67 as well as immune markers such as CD8 and CD20. RNA expression levels for each of these were also determined and both were compared with clinical outcome. Here we present a retrospective cohort of ER+ BC patients with 10 years of clinical follow-up data that can be used for IHC and RNA analysis. Further, we have examined the association between immune response and prognosis in lymph node positive ER+ BC patients.
Citation Format: Jessica G. Cockburn, Amy Gillgrass, Anita Bane. The role of the immune system in lymph node positive ER+ breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5289. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5289
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anita Bane
- 2Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Jerzak KJ, Cockburn J, Pond GR, Hallett R, Hassell J, Pritchard KI, Dhesy-Thind SK, Bane A. Expression of thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRα) isoforms in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.e12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anita Bane
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Kocovski L, Bane A, Tang S, Salama S, Alowami S. Amelanotic Melanoma Presenting with Plasmacytoid Morphology and BRAF V600 Mutation. Rare Tumors 2015; 7:5698. [PMID: 26266008 PMCID: PMC4508639 DOI: 10.4081/rt.2015.5698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid melanoma is an unusual variant of malignant melanoma. The plasmacytoid morphology can be found in a variety of other malignancies including carcinomas, plasma cell neoplasms, lymphoproliferative disorders, and sarcomas. The authors report a rare case of plasmacytoid amelanotic malignant melanoma in a 78-year-old man presenting with an enlarging palpable, erythematous mass on his left posterior shoulder. A fine needle aspirate showed atypical findings with single amelanotic cells with high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, mono- and multi-nucleation with prominent nucleoli and intranuclear inclusions. Review of the excision and immunohistochemical analysis revealed the malignant plasmacytoid cells stained with vimentin, S-100, HMB-45, and other staining patterns consistent with melanoma. Initial evaluation was negative for other sites of disease. However, 4 months later, the patient was noted to have metastatic disease to his lungs and liver. Given that the tumor was noted to be BRAF V600R mutated, the patient was started on single agent dabrafenib. The plasmacytoid morphology can be found in a variety of malignancies. Melanoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any malignancy presenting with plasmacytoid features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kocovski
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anita Bane
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shangguo Tang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Samih Salama
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Salem Alowami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Jerzak KJ, Dhesy-Thind SK, Bane A. Prognostic potential of thyroid receptor TRα2 in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.e11535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anita Bane
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Jerzak KJ, Bane A, Dhesy-Thind B. Abstract C184: Thyroid hormone receptors: Future targets for breast cancer therapy? Mol Cancer Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-13-c184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Thyroid receptors (TR) have been documented in breast cancer tissue. Given their role in cell metabolism and proliferation, they may serve as future therapeutic targets. Prior to targeting TRs for therapy, their prevalence and degree of expression must be elucidated. In this study, the expression and sub-cellular location of three TR isoforms (TRA1, TRA2, TRB1) in breast cancer tissue is documented and correlated to standard pathological and clinical prognostic markers.
Methods: 131 archived breast tumors were selected sequentially starting from January 2007, to allow for collection of 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) data. The tumors were assessed retrospectively for TRA1, TRA2 and TRB1 expression by immunohistochemistry, using commercially available antibodies. Nuclear versus cytoplasmic location was noted. The Allred score of each tumor was assessed in triplicate; an average score ≥5 was considered significant in the statistical analysis. TR expression was correlated with pathological markers (ER/PR and Her2/neu positivity, tumor size, grade, nodal involvement, lymphovascular invasion, mitotic count) and clinical factors (age, OS, DFS) using correlation analyses and binary regression models.
Results: The age of patients was 65±15 (mean± standard deviation) years. The majority had T1c (31%) or T2 (56%) disease, and 39% had lymph node involvement. 60% of tumors were ER positive and 13% were Her2/neu positive. TRs were expressed to some extent in 130 of 131 assessed breast tumors; TRA1 was highly expressed (Allred score ≥5) in 81% of tumors, while TRA2 and TRB1 were highly expressed in 51% and 29% of tumors, respectively. TRA1 and TRA2 were expressed in the nucleus, while 95% of TRB1 receptors were expressed in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic TRB1 expression was associated with a mitotic count <10 [OR 0.4 (95%CI 0.20-0.93), p=0.03], but not with other variables. High TRA2 expression was associated with ER [OR 5.5 (95%CI 2.2-13.7), p<0.01] and PR [OR 5.3 (95%CI 2.4-11.8), p<0.01] positivity, and also 5-year DFS [OR 2.6 (95%CI 1.1-6.1), p=0.03]. Conversely, low TRA expression was associated with Her2/neu positivity [OR 3.2, (95%CI 1.0-9.5), p=0.04], high tumor grade [OR 6.0, (95%CI 2.3-15.2), p<0.01] and a mitotic count >10 [OR 2.8, (95%CI 1.4-5.8), p=0.05]. There was no significant association between TR expression and tumor size, lymph node involvement or OS.
Conclusion: Thyroid receptors are widely expressed in breast cancer and they are known to influence cellular proliferation. High TRA2 expression is statistically significant in predicting favorable pathologic markers and even 5-year DFS. As with ER, its favorable prognostic profile should not exclude TRA2 as a therapeutic target; it may have the potential to expand our armamentarium of hormone directed therapies.
Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):C184.
Citation Format: Katarzyna J. Jerzak, Anita Bane, Bindi Dhesy-Thind. Thyroid hormone receptors: Future targets for breast cancer therapy?. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C184.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Bane
- 2McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Cockburn JG, Hallett RM, Hassell JA, Bane A. Abstract A022: The use of LN status on developing prognostic gene signatures for ER+ breast cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3125.advbc-a022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Estrogen Receptor (ER) positive Breast Cancers account for approximately 70% of all breast cancers and have a better prognosis than ER- breast cancer. These patients are amenable to endocrine treatment, including tamoxifen, which eliminates recurrence in a large group of patients, but approximately 30% will relapse within 15 years of diagnosis. The most important predictor of recurrence in ER+ breast cancer is lymph node (LN) status. Patients with LN metastases (LN+) have increased risk of systemic recurrence, compared to ER+ patients without LN metastases (LN-). However, it is difficult for clinicians to determine appropriate treatment for ER+ LN+ breast cancer, so this group is generally treated aggressively. Several commercially available molecular signatures have been developed to predict outcome of early stage breast cancers, but none have been exclusively designed for ER+ breast cancer patients, inclusive of lymph node status.
Methods: Here, three publicly available datasets (Gene Expression Omnibus, NCBI), consisting of gene expression profiles from primary ER+ breast cancer tumours were used to develop prognostic gene signatures. Patients from these cohorts were treated exclusively with tamoxifen for 5 years and were followed for at least 10 years past diagnosis. Gene expression significantly related to high risk of distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) of patients from our training cohort, at 10 years, was examined using the Prediction Analysis of Microarray (PAM, Stanford) and used to comprise our novel molecular signatures. Three independent signatures were developed using cohorts of patients with LN- disease exclusively, LN+ disease exclusively, or combined lymph node status. The performance of these signatures was evaluated using an independent cohort of patients with either LN- or LN+ disease. We also examined biologically relevant pathways, using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA, Broad Institute), to examine whether the heterogeneous nature of ER+ breast cancers can be related to phenotype or outcome.
Results: Gene expression and DMFS data from LN-, LN+, or combined patient samples were evaluated to identify sets of genes that predict patient outcome. The LN- signature could accurately predict DMFS of LN- patients from independent cohorts, but was unable to assign LN+ patients to low and high risk of DMFS groups. Similarly, the LN+ signature could accurately predict outcome of LN+ patients, but not LN- patients. Conversely, the combined signature was able to predict DMFS of all patients, regardless of LN status. We further evaluated gene set enrichment and found differences in gene sets associated with LN- and LN+ disease and with different outcomes.
Conclusions: This research demonstrates the importance of considering the lymph node status of patients with both developing and employing prognostic gene signatures to predict outcome of early stage ER+ breast cancer patients. Also, it appears that the development of a signature using an exclusive population (i.e. LN-) of patients is not optimal to predict outcome in patients with different pathological parameters. In the future, using a combined gene signature may help direct treatment decisions for patients with early stage ER+ breast cancer. Further, understanding the biological heterogeneity of this disease, through GSEA, may lead to discovery of appropriate therapeutic targets for patients.
Citation Format: Jessica G. Cockburn, Robin M. Hallett, John A. Hassell, Anita Bane. The use of LN status on developing prognostic gene signatures for ER+ breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Breast Cancer Research: Genetics, Biology, and Clinical Applications; Oct 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2013;11(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A022.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anita Bane
- 2Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Dias K, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Pond G, Levine M, Whelan T, Bane A. Abstract A124: Characterization of claudin-low breast cancers. Mol Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3125.advbc-a124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Molecular profiling of human breast cancers has defined 5 molecular subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER2 over-expressing, basal-like and claudin-low. The claudin-low subtype was identified in 2007 and is characterized by low expression of claudin proteins, E-cadherin and markers of luminal differentiation, and is reported to be associated with expression of mesenchymal and cancer stem cell (CSC) markers. The prevalence of this subtype is reported to be between 7-14% and there are an excess of tumors with metaplastic and medullary-like features, an association with poor prognosis and evidence that they may be resistant to conventional chemotherapies. Using information from publicly available gene expression microarray data, we sought to identify immunohistochemical markers of the claudin-low subtype and to further describe the morphological features of claudin-low breast tumors and the overall survival characteristics of patients with these tumors, along with any associations between these tumors and CSC markers.
Using the gene expression microarray datasets, we performed hierarchical clustering to assign a molecular subtype to the tumors. Differential gene expression analysis was used to identify genes that were significantly upregulated and downregulated between claudin-low tumors and other tumor subtypes as candidates for immunohistochemical markers for our formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor cohort. We utilized 943 stage I or stage II, lymph node negative primary invasive breast cancers treated with breast conserving surgery and adjuvant radiation, which had FFPE tumor blocks available for tissue microarray construction. On the basis of IHC expression of ER, PR, HER2, Ki67, EGFR, CK5/6, Claudin proteins and E-cadherin, tumors were classified as luminal A, luminal B, HER2 over-expressing, basal-like or claudin-low. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate overall survival, and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare tumor characteristics and expression of CSC markers (ALDH1, CD44hi/CD24low) between claudin-low and luminal A tumors. Claudin-low tumors comprised 8% of our cohort with an overall survival of 73.6% at a median follow up of 12 years, similar to that of basal-like and HER2 over-expressing subtypes. Compared to luminal A type tumors, the claudin-low tumors were statistically more likely to have circumscribed tumor margins. However, there was no statistically significant association between claudin-low subtype and the expression of CSC markers. The claudin-low subtype represents a minority of invasive breast cancers, however this group is characterized by poor prognosis, and as such the identification of these tumors is useful to determine treatment options in the clinical setting.
Citation Format: Kay Dias, Anna Dvorkin-Gheva, Greg Pond, Mark Levine, Timothy Whelan, Anita Bane. Characterization of claudin-low breast cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Breast Cancer Research: Genetics, Biology, and Clinical Applications; Oct 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2013;11(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Dias
- 1McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,
| | | | - Greg Pond
- 2Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Levine
- 2Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Anita Bane
- 2Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Bane A, Viloria-Petit A, Pinnaduwage D, Mulligan AM, O'Malley FP, Andrulis IL. Clinical-pathologic significance of cancer stem cell marker expression in familial breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 140:195-205. [PMID: 23813303 PMCID: PMC3706716 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Human breast cancer cells with a CD44+/CD24−/low or ALDH1+ phenotype have been demonstrated to be enriched for cancer stem cells (CSCs) using in vitro and in vivo techniques. The aim of this study was to determine the association between CD44+/CD24−/low and ALDH1 expression with clinical–pathologic tumor characteristics, tumor molecular subtype, and survival in a well characterized collection of familial breast cancer cases. 364 familial breast cancers from the Ontario Familial Breast Cancer Registry (58 BRCA1-associated, 64 BRCA2-associated, and 242 familial non-BRCA1/2 cancers) were studied. Each tumor had a centralized pathology review performed. TMA sections of all tumors were analyzed for the expression of ER, PR, HER2, CK5, CK14, EGFR, CD44, CD24, and ALDH1. The Chi square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to analyze the marker associations with clinical–pathologic tumor variables, molecular subtype and genetic subtype. Analyses of the association of overall survival (OS) with marker status were conducted using Kaplan–Meier plots and log-rank tests. The CD44+/CD24−/low and ALDH1+ phenotypes were identified in 16% and 15% of the familial breast cancer cases, respectively, and associated with high-tumor grade, a high-mitotic count, and component features of the medullary type of breast cancer. CD44+/CD24−/low and ALDH1 expression in this series were further associated with the basal-like molecular subtype and the CD44+/CD24−/low phenotype was independently associated with BRCA1 mutational status. The currently accepted breast CSCs markers are present in a minority of familial breast cancers. Whereas the presence of these markers is correlated with several poor prognostic features and the basal-like subtype of breast cancer, they do not predict OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Bane
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, McMaster University, 711 Concession St., Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Mahe E, Demellawy DE, Bane A, Alowami S. Giant cell temporal arteritis associated with overlying basal cell carcinoma: co-incidence or connection? Rare Tumors 2012; 4:e46. [PMID: 23087802 PMCID: PMC3475953 DOI: 10.4081/rt.2012.e46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell arteritis is a granulomatous vasculitis of large and medium sized arteries manifesting as temporal arteritis and/or polymyalgia rheumatica. The histological assessment of temporal artery biopsies is frequently encountered in anatomical pathology and has important diagnostic consequences in patients clinically suspected of having giant cell arteritis. We present an intriguing case of giant cell arteritis associated with a Basal cell carcinoma and discuss the ongoing controversy pertaining to the association of giant cell arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica with malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Mahe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton
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Hallett RM, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Bane A, Hassell JA. Abstract 3663: A gene signature for predicting outcome in patients with basal-like breast cancer. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-3663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancer is a molecular subtype of breast cancer generally thought to have a universally poor prognosis. Subsequent studies examining the long-term outcome in thousands of patients with basal-like breast cancer have shown that these patients can be separated into two clinically distinct groups: those likely to experience a systemic recurrence and succumb to their disease within the first 5 years and those expected to show excellent long term survival. The ability to distinguish between these two sub-groups (good and poor prognosis) of basal-like breast cancer patients at the time of initial diagnosis would permit tailoring more aggressive therapeutic regimens to those patients with an inherently poorer prognosis and conversely to avoid such therapy in patients with a more indolent course. We aimed to identify a gene signature that could predict the clinical outcome of basal-like breast cancer patients. To this end we mined publicly available human breast tumor gene expression profiling data and identified patients with basal-like breast cancer. We divided these patients into training and validation sets to identify and confirm the accuracy of a prognostic signature. We identified 137 basal-like breast tumors among 995 breast tumor gene expression profiles. We used 85 of these samples as a training group and identified an optimal 14-gene signature, which accurately identified patients that experienced poor and good long-term survival. We confirmed the accuracy of our gene signature on a 49 patient independent validation set. Importantly, we also confirmed the capacity of our signature to predict outcome in a chemotherapy naïve 27 patient sub-set of the 49 patients validation set.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3663. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3663
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anita Bane
- 1McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Tran-Thanh D, Tran-Thanh D, Arneson N, Pintilie M, Warren K, Bane A, O'Malley F, O'Malley F, Done S, Done S. Amplification of the Prolactin Receptor Gene in Mammary Lobular Neoplasia. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-4151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) has long been considered a marker of increased risk of cancer in both breasts. However, recent studies have shown that it can behave as a non-obligate precursor lesion as well. The biology and natural history of LCIS still remains ill defined in part because it is a challenging lesion to study as it usually does not have an identifiable gross appearance and is only recognized in fixed tissue specimens.Material and Methods: Using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) we have analyzed regions of amplification found in LCIS and adjacent invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) in a series of thirteen cases of archival patient samples from our institution. Degenerate oligonucleotide primed (DOP) PCR was performed for whole genome amplification of the extracted DNA from microdissected tissue samples prior to microarray analysis. Analysis of microarray data was performed using Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM). Of the ten most amplified genes in LCIS (highest SAM scores), one was selected for quantitative real time PCR (Q-PCR) validation due to the limited amount of material available from these cases. Q-PCR validation was performed on samples from 8 cases of LCIS and invasive lobular carcinoma and 12 archival cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) for comparison.Results: Amongst the 10 genes with the highest SAM scores, the prolactin receptor gene (PRLR) was selected for further Q-PCR validation in our limited samples. Amplification of PRLR was confirmed by Q-PCR in 4/8 (50%) of cases of LCIS and 4/8 (50%) cases of ILC, compared to 0/12 (0%) cases of DCIS and 3/12 (25%) cases of IDC. When LCIS and ILC were combined into one group, there was more amplification of the prolactin receptor gene when compared to the DCIS and IDC group (p= 0.01). The level of amplification between the two groups also differed in the range of copy number values, which was lower in the ductal group (0.78-1.58, n=24) compared to the lobular group (0.92-3.68, n=16) (p<0.05).Conclusion: We have identified the prolactin receptor as a potential molecular target in lobular neoplasia using array comparative genomic hybridization. In contrast, we have shown that the prolactin receptor may not be as important for the progression of ductal lesions. These results support the view that lobular and ductal carcinoma evolve along separate pathways. Validation of the expression of PRLR in a larger number of LCIS cases is warranted.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4151.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - K. Warren
- 1University Health Network, ON, Canada
| | - A. Bane
- 2Mount Sinai Hospital, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - S. Done
- 1University Health Network, ON, Canada
| | - S. Done
- 3University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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King WA, Linares T, Gustavsson I, Bane A. Presumptive translocation type trisomy in embryos sired by bulls heterozygous for the 1/29 translocation. Hereditas 2009; 92:167-9. [PMID: 7380659 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1980.tb01690.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Abstract
Apocrine change occurs in a spectrum of benign lesions in the female breast and is also demonstrated in a subgroup of in situ and invasive carcinomas. Recent research has focused on the molecular phenotype of both benign and malignant apocrine lesions. This review will briefly summarize the morphological characteristics and risk associations of the spectrum of apocrine proliferations, but will focus on the updated molecular studies of both in situ and invasive apocrine carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P O'Malley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Haile RW, Thomas DC, McGuire V, Felberg A, John EM, Milne RL, Hopper JL, Jenkins MA, Levine AJ, Daly MM, Buys SS, Senie RT, Andrulis IL, Knight JA, Godwin AK, Southey M, McCredie MRE, Giles GG, Andrews L, Tucker K, Miron A, Apicella C, Tesoriero A, Bane A, Pike MC, Whittemore AS. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, oral contraceptive use, and breast cancer before age 50. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:1863-70. [PMID: 17021353 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the effect of oral contraceptives on risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers is important because oral contraceptive use is a common, modifiable practice. METHODS We studied 497 BRCA1 and 307 BRCA2 mutation carriers, of whom 195 and 128, respectively, had been diagnosed with breast cancer. Case-control analyses were conducted using unconditional logistic regression with adjustments for family history and familial relationships and were restricted to subjects with a reference age under 50 years. RESULTS For BRCA1 mutation carriers, there was no significant association between risk of breast cancer and use of oral contraceptives for at least 1 year [odds ratio (OR), 0.77; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.53-1.12] or duration of oral contraceptive use (P(trend) = 0.62). For BRCA2 mutation carriers, there was no association with use of oral contraceptives for at least 1 year (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 0.90-2.92); however, there was an association of elevated risk with oral contraceptive use for at least 5 years (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.08-3.94) and with duration of use (OR(trend) per year of use, 1.08; P = 0.008). Similar results were obtained when we considered only use of oral contraceptives that first started in 1975 or later. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence overall that use of oral contraceptives for at least 1 year is associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers before age 50. For BRCA2 mutation carriers, use of oral contraceptives may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer among women who use them for at least 5 years. Further studies reporting results separately for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers are needed to resolve this important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Haile
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California-Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, MS 9175, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9175, USA.
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Abstract
Linear IgA disease is a subepidermal blistering disorder of unknown cause. Along with dermatologic blistering, other manifestations include oral ulceration and desquamative gingivitis. We present a case of linear IgA disease that manifested simply as oropharyngeal ulceration and desquamative gingivitis, resulting in considerable delay in diagnosis and treatment. This article (1) highlights the difficulties of diagnosing linear IgA disease when the predominant presenting features are mucosal and (2) reviews the current literature regarding linear IgA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther O'Regan
- Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral Pathology, Dublin Dental School and Hospital, Ireland
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Bane A, Tadesse Y. Case of tuberous sclerosis. Ethiop Med J 2001; 39:143-8. [PMID: 11501291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Tuberous Sclerosis (TSc) is a benign multi-system hamaertomatosis and is one of the neurocutaneous syndromes (2, 3, 7). The first case of tuberous sclerosis in a 27 years old female patient is reported from Ethiopia. The importance of meticulous evaluation of a patient as a whole to reach at the right diagnosis is stressed. The clinicopathological features of tuberous sclerosis are discussed with literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bane
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 2380, Addis Ababa
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Bane A, Annessley-Williams D, Sweeney E, Brett F. Cerebral vasculitis and haemorrhage in a HIV positive intravenous drug abuser. Ir Med J 1999; 92:340. [PMID: 10453115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Bane
- Department of Neuropathology, St James Hospital, Dublin
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Abstract
The effects of the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist dextromethorphan on spatial learning were assessed using the Morris water maze. Dextromethorphan was administered to 4 groups of rats in 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg doses. An additional group of rats was administered saline to serve as a vehicle control group. Dextromethorphan impaired learning dose dependently in the initial training phase of the experiment. During the probe trial, dose-dependent performance deficits were noted in the first 15 s of the trial only. Search strategy differences between the lowest and highest dose groups were also observed during the probe trial. During the reversal training phase, when the platform was moved to a new location, the dose-dependent impairment was seen again, but the 40 mg/kg group perseverated to the former location longer than the other groups. A cued control trial indicated that in addition to the learning impairment produced, the highest dose of dextromethorphan may also impair sensory-motor coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bane
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
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Ott RS, Heath EH, Bane A. Abnormal spermatozoa, testicular degeneration, and varicocele in a ram. Am J Vet Res 1982; 43:241-5. [PMID: 7091826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A 4-year-old Corriedale ram, with a history of infertility, had 50% abnormal acrosomes in the ejaculate resembling knobbed spermatozoa. Electron microscopic profiles of the apical segment of the affected acrosomes revealed a membrane-enclosed inclusion or cyst filled with particulate matter. The abnormal acrosomes were combined with a high prevalence of other degenerative changes such as head abnormalities, proximal droplets, and loose heads. Spermatozoa were examined from 9 ejaculates collected over an 8-month period. Abnormal acrosomes decreased to 5% after 4 months, but increased to 83% a month later. Examination of the testes after castration revealed bilateral varicocele and degeneration of seminiferous epithelium.
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Rao AR, Bane A, Gustafsson BK. Changes in the morphology of spermatozoa during their passage through the genital tract in dairy bulls with normal and impaired spermat ogenesis. Theriogenology 1980; 14:1-12. [PMID: 16725507 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(80)90129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/1979] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An investigation was conducted on changes in sperm morphology along the excurrent duct of bulls. The study comprised 20 bulls with proven fertility and normal semen picture, and 10 bulls with pathologic semen. The morphology of spermatozoa was evaluated on ejaculates and on postslaughter collected contents from the excurrent duct. The incidence of pathologic sperm heads decreased along the duct in both groups of bulls. The main decrease generally occurred in caput epididymidis. In bulls with pathologic semen, the decrease continued in lower regions of epididymis and was deferens. The rate and pattern of sperm removal seem to primarily depend on the quality of spermatozoa entering the excurrent duct. The removal was clearly selective and is assumed to be associated with phagocytosis of spermatozoa mainly in the efferent ductules and proximal part of caput epididymis. Proximal cytoplasmic droplets were present on almost all sperm in the efferent ductules. The incidence decreased during passage along the genital tract. Migration of cytoplasmic droplets from a proximal to a distal position took place between regions C and D of the caput epididymidis. The incidence of middle-piece abnormalities decreased during passage along the genital tract, while the incidence of sperm tail abnormalities increased in the corpus and cauda epididymidis in all bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Rao
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Tirupati, India
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Einarsson S, Holtman M, Larsson K, Settergren I, Bane A. The effect of two different feed levels on the development of the reproductive organs in boars. Acta Vet Scand 1979. [PMID: 443133 DOI: 10.1186/bf03546623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Einarsson S, Holtman M, Larsson K, Settergren I, Bane A. The effect of two different feed levels on the development of the reproductive organs in boars. Acta Vet Scand 1979; 20:1-9. [PMID: 443133 PMCID: PMC8322874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to study the development of the reproductive organs in boars fed restrictively and fed ad libitum. A total of 120 boars were purchased by the experimental station at 20 kg live weight. Three groups of 4 litter mates were selected after each of 10 A.I. boars (7 Swedish Landrace and 3 Swedish Yorkshire). The dams were unselected sows from pigletproducing herds. Two boar pigs from each litter were allocated at random among 2 treatment groups. One group ( = N) was fed restrictively and the other group (=A) ad libitum. The boars were slaughtered at 90 kg or at 120 kg live weight. The reproductive organs were removed at slaughter and examined. The ad libitum fed boars were about 2 weeks younger at slaughter than those fed restrictively (16.5 and 13.7 days respectively for the 2 weight classes). The weights of the testes were somewhat higher for ad libitum fed than for restrictively fed boars. Out of 94 examined pairs of testes, epididymides, seminal vesicles and bulbo-urethral glands, the left was heavier than the right in 68%, 62%, 48%, and 36%, respectively. Fewer (4/23) ad libitum fed than restrictively fed boars (9/26) had reached puberty at 90 kg live weight. Age at puberty thus seems to be less variable than body size in boars.
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Stabenfeldt GH, Edqvist LE, Kindahl H, Gustafsson B, Bane A. Practical implications of recent physiologic findings for reproductive efficiency in cows, mares, sows, and ewes. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1978; 172:667-75. [PMID: 640929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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