1
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van Vliet AA, Peters E, Vodegel D, Steenmans D, Raimo M, Gibbs S, de Gruijl TD, Duru AD, Spanholtz J, Georgoudaki AM. Early TRAIL-engagement elicits potent multimodal targeting of melanoma by CD34 + progenitor cell-derived NK cells. iScience 2023; 26:107078. [PMID: 37426355 PMCID: PMC10329179 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) CD34+ progenitor cell-derived natural killer (NK) cells exert efficient cytotoxicity against various melanoma cell lines. Of interest, the relative cytotoxic performance of individual UCB donors was consistent throughout the melanoma panel and correlated with IFNγ, TNF, perforin and granzyme B levels. Importantly, intrinsic perforin and Granzyme B load predicts NK cell cytotoxic capacity. Exploring the mode of action revealed involvement of the activating receptors NKG2D, DNAM-1, NKp30, NKp44, NKp46 and most importantly of TRAIL. Strikingly, combinatorial receptor blocking led to more pronounced inhibition of cytotoxicity (up to 95%) than individual receptor blocking, especially in combination with TRAIL-blocking, suggesting synergistic cytotoxic NK cell activity via engagement of multiple receptors which was also confirmed in a spheroid model. Importantly, lack of NK cell-related gene signature in metastatic melanomas correlates with poor survival highlighting the clinical significance of NK cell therapies as a promising treatment for high-risk melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A. van Vliet
- Glycostem Therapeutics, Kloosterstraat 9, 5349 AB Oss, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ella Peters
- Glycostem Therapeutics, Kloosterstraat 9, 5349 AB Oss, the Netherlands
| | - Denise Vodegel
- Glycostem Therapeutics, Kloosterstraat 9, 5349 AB Oss, the Netherlands
| | | | - Monica Raimo
- Glycostem Therapeutics, Kloosterstraat 9, 5349 AB Oss, the Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tanja D. de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adil D. Duru
- Glycostem Therapeutics, Kloosterstraat 9, 5349 AB Oss, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Spanholtz
- Glycostem Therapeutics, Kloosterstraat 9, 5349 AB Oss, the Netherlands
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2
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Mensali N, Köksal H, Joaquina S, Wernhoff P, Casey NP, Romecin P, Panisello C, Rodriguez R, Vimeux L, Juzeniene A, Myhre MR, Fåne A, Ramírez CC, Maggadottir SM, Duru AD, Georgoudaki AM, Grad I, Maturana AD, Gaudernack G, Kvalheim G, Carcaboso AM, de Alava E, Donnadieu E, Bruland ØS, Menendez P, Inderberg EM, Wälchli S. ALPL-1 is a target for chimeric antigen receptor therapy in osteosarcoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3375. [PMID: 37291203 PMCID: PMC10250459 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) remains a dismal malignancy in children and young adults, with poor outcome for metastatic and recurrent disease. Immunotherapies in OS are not as promising as in some other cancer types due to intra-tumor heterogeneity and considerable off-target expression of the potentially targetable proteins. Here we show that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells could successfully target an isoform of alkaline phosphatase, ALPL-1, which is highly and specifically expressed in primary and metastatic OS. The target recognition element of the second-generation CAR construct is based on two antibodies, previously shown to react against OS. T cells transduced with these CAR constructs mediate efficient and effective cytotoxicity against ALPL-positive cells in in vitro settings and in state-of-the-art in vivo orthotopic models of primary and metastatic OS, without unexpected toxicities against hematopoietic stem cells or healthy tissues. In summary, CAR-T cells targeting ALPL-1 show efficiency and specificity in treating OS in preclinical models, paving the path for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Mensali
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hakan Köksal
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sandy Joaquina
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Patrik Wernhoff
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicholas P Casey
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paola Romecin
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Panisello
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029), Madrid, Spain
| | - René Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBER-ONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lene Vimeux
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Asta Juzeniene
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit R Myhre
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Fåne
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carolina Castilla Ramírez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, CSIC, University of Sevilla, CIBER-ONC, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Adil Doganay Duru
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Anna-Maria Georgoudaki
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iwona Grad
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrés Daniel Maturana
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gustav Gaudernack
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Kvalheim
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
| | - Enrique de Alava
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, CSIC, University of Sevilla, CIBER-ONC, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009, Seville, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Donnadieu
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Øyvind S Bruland
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pablo Menendez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER-ONC, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Else Marit Inderberg
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sébastien Wälchli
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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3
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Lamers-Kok N, Panella D, Georgoudaki AM, Liu H, Özkazanc D, Kučerová L, Duru AD, Spanholtz J, Raimo M. Natural killer cells in clinical development as non-engineered, engineered, and combination therapies. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:164. [DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are unique immune effectors able to kill cancer cells by direct recognition of surface ligands, without prior sensitization. Allogeneic NK transfer is a highly valuable treatment option for cancer and has recently emerged with hundreds of clinical trials paving the way to finally achieve market authorization. Advantages of NK cell therapies include the use of allogenic cell sources, off-the-shelf availability, and no risk of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Allogeneic NK cell therapies have reached the clinical stage as ex vivo expanded and differentiated non-engineered cells, as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered or CD16-engineered products, or as combination therapies with antibodies, priming agents, and other drugs. This review summarizes the recent clinical status of allogeneic NK cell-based therapies for the treatment of hematological and solid tumors, discussing the main characteristics of the different cell sources used for NK product development, their use in cell manufacturing processes, the engineering methods and strategies adopted for genetically modified products, and the chosen approaches for combination therapies. A comparative analysis between NK-based non-engineered, engineered, and combination therapies is presented, examining the choices made by product developers regarding the NK cell source and the targeted tumor indications, for both solid and hematological cancers. Clinical trial outcomes are discussed and, when available, assessed in comparison with preclinical data. Regulatory challenges for product approval are reviewed, highlighting the lack of specificity of requirements and standardization between products. Additionally, the competitive landscape and business field is presented. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the effort driven by biotech and pharmaceutical companies and by academic centers to bring NK cell therapies to pivotal clinical trial stages and to market authorization.
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4
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Saha T, van Vliet AA, Cui C, Macias JJ, Kulkarni A, Pham LN, Lawler S, Spanholtz J, Georgoudaki AM, Duru AD, Goldman A. Boosting Natural Killer Cell Therapies in Glioblastoma Multiforme Using Supramolecular Cationic Inhibitors of Heat Shock Protein 90. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:754443. [PMID: 34926577 PMCID: PMC8673718 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.754443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic natural killer (aNK) cell adoptive therapy has the potential to dramatically impact clinical outcomes of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, in order to exert therapeutic activity, NK cells require tumor expression of ligands for activating receptors, such as MHC Class I peptide A/B (MICA/B) and ULBPs. Here, we describe the use of a blood-brain barrier (BBB) permissive supramolecular cationic drug vehicle comprising an inhibitor of the chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), which sustains a cytotoxic effect on GBM cells, boosts the expression of MICA/B and ULBPs on the residual population, and augments the activity of clinical-grade aNK cells (GTA002). First, we identify Hsp90 mRNA transcription and gain of function as significantly upregulated in GBM compared to other central nervous system tumors. Through a rational chemical design, we optimize a radicicol supramolecular prodrug containing cationic excipients, SCI-101, which displays >2-fold increase in relative BBB penetration compared to less cationic formulations in organoids, in vitro. Using 2D and 3D biological models, we confirm SCI-101 sustains GBM cytotoxicity 72 h after drug removal and induces cell surface MICA/B protein and ULBP mRNA up to 200% in residual tumor cells compared to the naked drug alone without augmenting the shedding of MICA/B, in vitro. Finally, we generate and test the sequential administration of SCI-101 with a clinical aNK cell therapy, GTA002, differentiated and expanded from healthy umbilical cord blood CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. Using a longitudinal in vitro model, we demonstrate >350% relative cell killing is achieved in SCI-101-treated cell lines compared to vehicle controls. In summary, these data provide a first-of-its-kind BBB-penetrating, long-acting inhibitor of Hsp90 with monotherapy efficacy, which improves response to aNK cells and thus may rapidly alter the treatment paradigm for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Saha
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Chunxiao Cui
- Xsphera Biosciences Inc., Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jorge Jimenez Macias
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Arpita Kulkarni
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Luu Nhat Pham
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sean Lawler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Aaron Goldman
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Glycostem Therapeutics B.V., Oss, Netherlands.,Cancer Immunology, Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, United States
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5
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Sayitoglu EC, Chrobok M, Georgoudaki AM, Josey BJ, Hartman M, Vallabhaneni E, Herekar R, Bergeron S, Krueger R, Sutlu T, Alici E, Temple HT, Duru AD. Abstract A55: Natural killer cells genetically modified to overexpress DNAM-1 exert enhanced antitumor responses against CD112/CD155+ sarcomas and other malignancies. Cancer Immunol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm18-a55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sarcomas are a broad category of cancers arising from cells of mesenchymal origin that occur in bone and soft tissues. They affect humans of all ages, and standard treatment options remain ineffective at increasing overall survival. Targeted immunotherapy is a rapidly developing field that offers extremely promising therapeutic prospects for many cancers. However, sarcomas are vastly understudied in this field. Natural killer (NK) cells are immune cells with inherent tumor-killing abilities that are a promising option for cancer immunotherapy. However, tumors can dysregulate the expression of NK cells ligands to escape immune detection, and the details of these escape mechanisms are not well known in sarcomas. Thus, a better understanding of NK cell-sarcoma interactions is necessary for the development of novel immunotherapies. In order to address this, we generated 20 cell lines from primary sarcoma tumors and characterized a group of known cancer-related NK cell receptor ligands. Our results show that all primary sarcoma cell lines express the inhibitory NKp44 ligand, PCNA, as well as CD112 and/or CD155, both of which are ligands for the NK cell activating receptor DNAM-1. However, NK cell cytotoxicity against sarcoma cells is still relatively low. Therefore, we generated a cell-based screening platform in which genetically modified (GM) NK cells that overexpress one activating receptor at a time are tested for degranulation against different sarcoma cell lines (n=12). Our results indicated patient-specific involvement of multiple NK cell receptors. In line with the conserved expression of CD112 and CD155 on sarcoma cells, we observed that DNAM-1+ GM-NK cells display significantly enhanced antitumor responses against all 12 cell lines when compared to wild-type (WT)-NK cells. We further confirmed that this enhanced NK cell response was indeed DNAM-1-dependent by interfering with the CD155/DNAM-1 interaction using blocking antibodies targeting either the receptor or its ligand. Additionally, the response of DNAM-1+ versus WT-NK cells was tested against various cancer cell lines, including those derived from a metastatic prostate carcinoma (LNCaP), primary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (Capan-2), primary colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), primary lung alveolar basal epithelial adenocarcinoma (A549), metastatic neuroblastoma (SH-Sy5y), metastatic nerve sheath tumor (SNF02.2), two melanomas (A375 and DM6), and two leukemias (K562 and THP-1). In conclusion, DNAM-1 overexpression elicited a dynamic increase in NK cell degranulation against all cancer cell lines tested, including those that failed to induce a notable response in WT-NK cells, supporting the broad potential applicability of the DNAM-1+ GM-NK cells for the treatment of several malignancies. Furthermore, tumors expressing CD112 and/or CD155 can be targeted by DNAM-1+ GM-NK cells, and our GM NK cell screening platform can be used for rapid screening against not only sarcomas but also several cancers.
Citation Format: Ece C. Sayitoglu, Michael Chrobok, Anna-Maria Georgoudaki, Benjamin J. Josey, Michelle Hartman, Esha Vallabhaneni, Rajeev Herekar, Savannah Bergeron, Robin Krueger, Tolga Sutlu, Evren Alici, Harry T. Temple, Adil D. Duru. Natural killer cells genetically modified to overexpress DNAM-1 exert enhanced antitumor responses against CD112/CD155+ sarcomas and other malignancies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A55.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adil D. Duru
- 1Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL,
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6
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Parlar A, Sayitoglu EC, Pamukcu C, Georgoudaki AM, Ozkazanc D, Aras M, Josey B, Chrobok M, Branecki S, Zahedimaram P, Ikromzoda L, Alici E, Erman B, Sutlu T, Duru AD. Abstract A21: Engineering antigen-specific natural killer cells against the melanoma-associated antigen tyrosinase via TCR gene transfer. Cancer Immunol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm18-a21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to natural killer (NK) cells has so far been the only practical method for specific targeting of NK cells against surface antigens. In contrast, T-cell receptor (TCR) gene therapy can supply large populations of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) genetically modified to express a TCR that can also target intracellular antigens. However, the mispairing of endogenous and genetically transferred TCR subunits constitutes a bottleneck in the development of safe therapies as it often leads to formation of TCRs with unknown specificity. In order to overcome this obstacle and enable intracellular antigen targeting, we propose the use of NK cells for TCR gene therapy. In this study, we approach the obstacles associated with TCR gene therapy from a unique perspective that results in MHC-I-restricted epitope-specific targeting of tumors cells through expression of a functional TCR complex on NK cells. Our results show that the ectopic expression of CD3δ, CD3γ, and CD3ϵ chains along with TCR α/β gene delivery to NK cells enables the functional expression of a TCR specific to the HLA-A2-restiricted tyrosinase-derived melanoma epitope, Tyr368-379. NK cells expressing a functional TCR exhibit the capacity to degranulate in an antigen-specific manner in response to engagement of the cognate peptide/MHC ligand on target cells. In addition, upon engagement of their TCR, NK cells are fully capable of producing proinflammatory cytokines IFNγ and TNF-α, a signature mark of NK cell activation and immune cell recruitment. Finally, NK-TCR cells exhibit MHC-I-restricted antigen detection and antigen-specific lysis of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. Antigen-specific targeting of NK cells via TCR gene delivery stands out as a unique discovery providing a novel tool in the field of adoptive immunotherapy that can also overcome the major hurdle of “mispairing” in TCR gene therapy. Clinical trials using NK cells, including genetically modified NK cells expressing activating receptors or CARs, have clearly demonstrated a significant benefit in patients with various malignancies. The overall safety profile and promising clinical benefits of NK cells combined with the exclusive antigen specificity of the TCR, all together provide a novel approach in the design of efficient antigen-specific adoptive immunotherapy.
Citation Format: Ayhan Parlar, Ece C. Sayitoglu, Cevriye Pamukcu, Anna-Maria Georgoudaki, Didem Ozkazanc, Mertkaya Aras, Benjamin Josey, Michael Chrobok, Suzanne Branecki, Pegah Zahedimaram, Lolai Ikromzoda, Evren Alici, Batu Erman, Tolga Sutlu, Adil D. Duru. Engineering antigen-specific natural killer cells against the melanoma-associated antigen tyrosinase via TCR gene transfer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A21.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adil D. Duru
- 2Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL,
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7
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Georgoudaki AM, Krueger R, Hartman M, Chinn T, Tran D, Potens R, Weston W, Temple HT, Duru AD. Abstract A23: Identification of prevalent targets for the development of tailored sarcoma immunotherapies using a rapid clinic-to-bench immunoprofiling pipeline. Cancer Immunol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm18-a23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare malignancies of mesenchymal origin for which current treatment options are very limited. Due to the vast heterogeneity of the various subtypes, the development of new targeted therapies requires a customized approach. Checkpoint blockade therapies are a promising alternative that still have not been systematically investigated for sarcoma patients. Thus, utilizing the infrastructure of the Cell Therapy Core Facility (CTC) at Nova Southeastern University (NSU), we developed a clinic-to-bench pipeline that enables the processing of fresh tumor material after surgical excision to generate primary sarcoma cell lines for biobanking and research purposes. Using this pipeline, we have extensively characterized mRNA, miRNA and cell surface expression profiles from more than 40 sarcoma cell lines to date, as well as validated their tumorigenicity by assessing expression of sarcoma/cancer associated genes such as Birc5, Birc2, Bcl2, Ewsr1-fli1, Syt/Ssx and Pcna. Moreover, we assessed the expression of immunomodulatory molecules that may suppress antitumor responses, such as PD-L1, PD-L2, OX40L and CD40L, using multicolor flow cytometry. Detailed characterization of the immune profile of 7 bone-related and 7 soft tissue sarcoma cell lines, assessed after 12 weeks of in vitro serial passaging, revealed a common signature in the cell surface expression of proliferative marker PCNA, and lymphocyte ligands CD112 and CD115. Moreover, immunoprofiling of the PCNA/CD112/CD155+ sarcoma cell lines (n=14) demonstrated persistent expression of PD-L2 in all cell lines and the potential applications of currently clinically approved anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors for sarcoma treatment. Importantly, the conserved expression of these proteins enabled the distinction of sarcoma tumor cells from other cells in the fresh primary tumor mix directly after isolation. Thus, we next performed a comparative analysis of the immune profile of 6 freshly isolated sarcoma tumors and their respective cell lines. Comparison of the surface expression profiles of the generated cell lines and the corresponding primary tumor cells showed that the initial phenotype was preserved after more than 12 weeks of expansion and after cryopreservation. This proves that the generated cell lines are an accurate tool that can be used for the development of novel personalized immunotherapies. Most importantly, our results enabled the design of a translational research pipeline that allows the systematic characterization of the immune profile of understudied sarcomas for the first time in order to gain insight into which patients may directly benefit from available immunotherapies and which may be eligible to enroll in clinical trials assessing the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. In summary, the generated sarcoma biobank serves as a unique and highly representative primary resource that can be utilized to identify potential candidates for novel targeted and personalized immunotherapies for the treatment of sarcomas.
Citation Format: Anna-Maria Georgoudaki, Robin Krueger, Michelle Hartman, Tamara Chinn, Dustin Tran, Reneé Potens, Wendy Weston, H. Thomas Temple, Adil D. Duru. Identification of prevalent targets for the development of tailored sarcoma immunotherapies using a rapid clinic-to-bench immunoprofiling pipeline [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A23.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tamara Chinn
- 2Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL
| | - Dustin Tran
- 2Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL
| | - Reneé Potens
- 2Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL
| | - Wendy Weston
- 2Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL
| | | | - Adil D. Duru
- 2Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL
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8
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Sayitoglu EC, Georgoudaki AM, Chrobok M, Ozkazanc D, Josey BJ, Arif M, Kusser K, Hartman M, Chinn TM, Potens R, Pamukcu C, Krueger R, Zhang C, Mardinoglu A, Alici E, Temple HT, Sutlu T, Duru AD. Boosting Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Targeting of Sarcoma Through DNAM-1 and NKG2D. Front Immunol 2020; 11:40. [PMID: 32082316 PMCID: PMC7001093 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are malignancies of mesenchymal origin that occur in bone and soft tissues. Many are chemo- and radiotherapy resistant, thus conventional treatments fail to increase overall survival. Natural Killer (NK) cells exert anti-tumor activity upon detection of a complex array of tumor ligands, but this has not been thoroughly explored in the context of sarcoma immunotherapy. In this study, we investigated the NK cell receptor/ligand immune profile of primary human sarcoma explants. Analysis of tumors from 32 sarcoma patients identified the proliferative marker PCNA and DNAM-1 ligands CD112 and/or CD155 as commonly expressed antigens that could be efficiently targeted by genetically modified (GM) NK cells. Despite the strong expression of CD112 and CD155 on sarcoma cells, characterization of freshly dissociated sarcomas revealed a general decrease in tumor-infiltrating NK cells compared to the periphery, suggesting a defect in the endogenous NK cell response. We also applied a functional screening approach to identify relevant NK cell receptor/ligand interactions that induce efficient anti-tumor responses using a panel NK-92 cell lines GM to over-express 12 different activating receptors. Using GM NK-92 cells against primary sarcoma explants (n = 12) revealed that DNAM-1 over-expression on NK-92 cells led to efficient degranulation against all tested explants (n = 12). Additionally, NKG2D over-expression showed enhanced responses against 10 out of 12 explants. These results show that DNAM-1+ or NKG2D+ GM NK-92 cells may be an efficient approach in targeting sarcomas. The degranulation capacity of GM NK-92 cell lines was also tested against various established tumor cell lines, including neuroblastoma, Schwannoma, melanoma, myeloma, leukemia, prostate, pancreatic, colon, and lung cancer. Enhanced degranulation of DNAM-1+ or NKG2D+ GM NK-92 cells was observed against the majority of tumor cell lines tested. In conclusion, DNAM-1 or NKG2D over-expression elicited a dynamic increase in NK cell degranulation against all sarcoma explants and cancer cell lines tested, including those that failed to induce a notable response in WT NK-92 cells. These results support the broad therapeutic potential of DNAM-1+ or NKG2D+ GM NK-92 cells and GM human NK cells for the treatment of sarcomas and other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Canan Sayitoglu
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.,NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Anna-Maria Georgoudaki
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.,NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.,Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Chrobok
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Didem Ozkazanc
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Benjamin J Josey
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.,NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Kusser
- Translational Research and Economic Development, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Michelle Hartman
- Translational Research and Economic Development, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Tamara M Chinn
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Renee Potens
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Cevriye Pamukcu
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Robin Krueger
- Translational Research and Economic Development, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evren Alici
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harry Thomas Temple
- Department of Surgery, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Tolga Sutlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adil Doganay Duru
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.,NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Parlar A, Sayitoglu EC, Ozkazanc D, Georgoudaki AM, Pamukcu C, Aras M, Josey BJ, Chrobok M, Branecki S, Zahedimaram P, Ikromzoda L, Alici E, Erman B, Duru AD, Sutlu T. Engineering antigen-specific NK cell lines against the melanoma-associated antigen tyrosinase via TCR gene transfer. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1278-1290. [PMID: 31054264 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of Chimeric Antigen Receptors to NK cells has so far been the main practical method for targeting NK cells to specific surface antigens. In contrast, T cell receptor (TCR) gene delivery can supply large populations of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) targeted against intracellular antigens. However, a major barrier in the development of safe CTL-TCR therapies exists, wherein the mispairing of endogenous and genetically transferred TCR subunits leads to formation of TCRs with off-target specificity. To overcome this and enable specific intracellular antigen targeting, we have tested the use of NK cells for TCR gene transfer to human cells. Our results show that ectopic expression of TCR α/β chains, along with CD3 subunits, enables the functional expression of an antigen-specific TCR complex on NK cell lines NK-92 and YTS, demonstrated by using a TCR against the HLA-A2-restricted tyrosinase-derived melanoma epitope, Tyr368-377 . Most importantly, the introduction of a TCR complex to NK cell lines enables MHC-restricted, antigen-specific killing of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. Targeting of NK cells via TCR gene delivery stands out as a novel tool in the field of adoptive immunotherapy which can also overcome the major hurdle of "mispairing" in TCR gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Parlar
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Canan Sayitoglu
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Didem Ozkazanc
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Anna-Maria Georgoudaki
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cevriye Pamukcu
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mertkaya Aras
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Benjamin J Josey
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Michael Chrobok
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suzanne Branecki
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Pegah Zahedimaram
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lolai Ikromzoda
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evren Alici
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Batu Erman
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adil D Duru
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tolga Sutlu
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Prokopec KE, Georgoudaki AM, Sohn S, Wermeling F, Grönlund H, Lindh E, Carroll MC, Karlsson MCI. Cutting Edge: Marginal Zone Macrophages Regulate Antigen Transport by B Cells to the Follicle in the Spleen via CD21. J Immunol 2016; 197:2063-8. [PMID: 27527595 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Marginal zone macrophages (MZM) are strategically located in the spleen, lining the marginal sinus where they sense inflammation and capture Ag from the circulation. One of the receptors expressed by MZM is scavenger receptor macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO), which has affinity for modified self-antigens. In this article, we show that engagement of MARCO on murine macrophages induces extracellular ATP and loss of CD21 and CD62L on marginal zone B cells. Engagement of MARCO also leads to reduction of Ag transport by marginal zone B cells and affects the subsequent immune response. This study highlights a novel function for MZM in regulating Ag transport and activation, and we suggest that MARCO-dependent ATP release regulates this through shedding of CD21 and CD62L. Because systemic lupus erythematosus patients were shown to acquire autoantibodies against MARCO, this highlights a mechanism that could affect a patient's ability to combat infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajsa E Prokopec
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet Solna Campus, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Anna-Maria Georgoudaki
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet Solna Campus, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silke Sohn
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet Solna Campus, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wermeling
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Solna Campus, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Hans Grönlund
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Lindh
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet Solna Campus, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael C Carroll
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet Solna Campus, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
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11
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Parsa R, Lund H, Georgoudaki AM, Zhang XM, Ortlieb Guerreiro-Cacais A, Grommisch D, Warnecke A, Croxford AL, Jagodic M, Becher B, Karlsson MCI, Harris RA. BAFF-secreting neutrophils drive plasma cell responses during emergency granulopoiesis. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1537-53. [PMID: 27432941 PMCID: PMC4986521 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Harris and collaborators show that neutropenia results in increased formation of plasma cells and elevated antibody production. Prolonged infections or adjuvant usage can trigger emergency granulopoiesis (EG), leading to dysregulation in neutrophil blood counts. However, the impact of EG on T and B cell function remains largely unknown. In this study, to address this question, we used a mouse model of neutropenia and studied immune activation after adjuvant administration. The initial neutropenic state fostered an environment of increased dendritic cell activation and T cell–derived IL-17 production. Interestingly, neutropenic lysozyme 2–diphtheria toxin A mice exhibited striking EG and amplified neutrophil recruitment to the lymph nodes (LNs) that was dependent on IL-17–induced prostaglandin activity. The recruited neutrophils secreted a B cell–activating factor that highly accelerated plasma cell generation and antigen-specific antibody production. Reduction of neutrophil functions via granulocyte colony-stimulating factor neutralization significantly diminished plasma cell formation, directly linking EG with the humoral immune response. We conclude that neutrophils are capable of directly regulating T cell–dependent B cell responses in the LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roham Parsa
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital at Solna, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harald Lund
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital at Solna, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Maria Georgoudaki
- B Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xing-Mei Zhang
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital at Solna, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André Ortlieb Guerreiro-Cacais
- Neuroimmunology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital at Solna, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Grommisch
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital at Solna, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Warnecke
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital at Solna, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew L Croxford
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Neuroimmunology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital at Solna, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- B Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert A Harris
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital at Solna, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Georgoudaki AM, Prokopec K, Boura V, Hellqvist E, Sohn S, Östling J, Dahan R, Harris R, Rantalainen M, Klevebring D, Sund M, Brage S, Fuxe J, Rolny C, Li F, Ravetch J, Karlsson M. Reprogramming Tumor-Associated Macrophages by Antibody Targeting Inhibits Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Cell Rep 2016; 15:2000-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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13
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Smith LE, Olszewski MA, Georgoudaki AM, Wagner AK, Hägglöf T, Karlsson MCI, Dominguez-Villar M, Garcia-Cozar F, Mueller S, Ravens I, Bernhardt G, Chambers BJ. Sensitivity of dendritic cells to NK-mediated lysis depends on the inflammatory environment and is modulated by CD54/CD226-driven interactions. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:781-789. [PMID: 27034402 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0615-271rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that NK cells may limit T cell responses by their ability to eradicate dendritic cells, as demonstrated by NK cell-mediated killing of dendritic cells generated from mouse bone marrow cells or human monocytes with GM-CSF. In the present study, we demonstrated that conventional dendritic cells, generated in vitro with Flt3 ligand or from spleens, were resistant to NK cell-mediated lysis. However, upon stimulation with GM-CSF, NK cells could mediate lysis of these dendritic cells. GM-CSF-stimulated Flt3 ligand dendritic cells or splenic dendritic cells increased surface expression of costimulatory molecules and known NK cell ligands. Likewise, NK cells could target dendritic cells in vivo, which could be inhibited, in part, by anti-GM-CSF antibodies. The blocking of CD54 or CD226 inhibited NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity of the GM-CSF-stimulated Flt3 ligand conventional dendritic cells. Furthermore, the CD226+NKG2A- subset of NK cells was selectively better at targeting GM-CSF-stimulated Flt3 ligand conventional dendritic cells. However, CD155, a known ligand for CD226, could also act as an inhibitor of NK cell-mediated lysis, as dendritic cells lacking CD155 were more sensitive to NK cell-mediated lysis than wild-type dendritic cells. We hypothesize that by only permitting a subset of NK cells to target activated dendritic cells during inflammation, this would allow the immune system to balance between dendritic cells able to drive adaptive immune responses and dendritic cells targeted for elimination by NK cells to hinder, e.g., spread of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Smith
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, F59, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcin A Olszewski
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, F59, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Maria Georgoudaki
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arnika K Wagner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hägglöf
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margarita Dominguez-Villar
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), University of Cadiz and Puerto Real University Hospital Research Unit, School of Medicine, Cadiz, Spain; Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Francisco Garcia-Cozar
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Günter Bernhardt
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benedict J Chambers
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, F59, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden;
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14
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Gehrmann U, Hiltbrunner S, Georgoudaki AM, Karlsson MC, Näslund TI, Gabrielsson S. Synergistic induction of adaptive antitumor immunity by codelivery of antigen with α-galactosylceramide on exosomes. Cancer Res 2013; 73:3865-76. [PMID: 23658368 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes and the invariant NKT (iNKT) immune cell ligand α-galactosylceramide (αGC) may offer novel tools for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we investigated whether exosomes loaded with αGC can activate iNKT cells and potentiate a cancer-specific adaptive immune response. αGC loaded exosomes readily activated iNKT cells both in vitro and in vivo. Exosomes loaded with αGC plus the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) induced potent NK and γδ T-cell innate immune responses, and they also synergistically amplified T- and B-cell responses that were OVA specific. In contrast to soluble αGC, which anergizes iNKT cells, we found that αGC/OVA-loaded exosomes did not induce iNKT cell anergy but were more potent than soluble αGC + OVA in inducing adaptive immune responses. In an OVA-expressing mouse model of melanoma, treatment of tumor-bearing mice with αGC/OVA-loaded exosomes decreased tumor growth, increased antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell tumor infiltration, and increased median survival, relative to control mice immunized with soluble αGC + OVA alone. Notably, an additional injection of αGC/OVA-loaded exosomes further augmented the treatment effects. Our findings show that exosomes loaded with protein antigen and αGC will activate adaptive immunity in the absence of triggering iNKT-cell anergy, supporting their application in the design of a broad variety of cancer immunotherapy trials.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, CD1d/metabolism
- Antigens, Neoplasm/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Clonal Anergy
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Exosomes/immunology
- Female
- Galactosylceramides/administration & dosage
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Tumor Burden/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Gehrmann
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Translational Immunology Unit, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Gehrmann U, Hiltbrunner S, Georgoudaki AM, Karlsson MC, Näslund TI, Gabrielsson S. Synergistic induction of anti-tumour immunity by co-delivery of protein and α-galactosylceramide on exosomes (P4457). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.126.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Exosomes, nanosized endogenous vesicles, can induce adaptive immune responses and have been tested in cancer treatment. Similarly, the iNKT cell ligand α-galactosylceramide (αGC) presented on the MHC class I-like molecule CD1d has been used for therapeutic purposes in cancer trials. Here, we investigated if exosomes can be loaded with αGC to activate iNKT cells and potentiate a cancer-specific adaptive immune response. We show that αGC loaded exosomes readily activate iNKT cells both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, exosomes loaded with αGC and the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) induced a potent NK and γδ T cell innate immune response, followed by synergistically amplified T and B cell responses. Interestingly, αGC/OVA-loaded exosomes did not induce iNKT cell anergy, in contrast to soluble αGC, and were more potent than soluble αGC and OVA in inducing adaptive immunity. Finally, tumor-bearing mice treated with αGC/OVA-loaded exosomes displayed decreased tumor growth and increased T cell tumor infiltration in comparison to mice immunized with OVA-loaded exosomes in an OVA-specific mouse melanoma model. These results show that exosomes loaded with protein antigen and the glycolipid αGC effectively activate both innate and adaptive immunity, important for future cancer immunotherapy design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Gehrmann
- 1Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Inst., Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Lindmark E, Chen Y, Georgoudaki AM, Dudziak D, Lindh E, Adams WC, Loré K, Winqvist O, Chambers BJ, Karlsson MCI. AIRE expressing marginal zone dendritic cells balances adaptive immunity and T-follicular helper cell recruitment. J Autoimmun 2013; 42:62-70. [PMID: 23265639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome Type I (APS I) results in multiple endocrine organ destruction and is caused by mutations in the Autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE). In the thymic stroma, cells expressing the AIRE gene dictate T cell education and central tolerance. Although this function is the most studied, AIRE is also expressed in the periphery in DCs and stromal cells. Still, how AIRE regulated transcription modifies cell behaviour in the periphery is largely unknown. Here we show that AIRE is specifically expressed by 33D1(+) DCs and dictates the fate of antibody secreting cell movement within the spleen. We also found that AIRE expressing 33D1(+) DCs expresses self-antigens as exemplified by the hallmark gene insulin. Also, as evidence for a regulatory function, absence of Aire in 33D1(+) DCs led to reduced levels of the chemokine CXCL12 and increased co-stimulatory properties. This resulted in altered activation and recruitment of T-follicular helper cells and germinal centre B cells. The altered balance leads to a change of the early response to a T cell-dependent antigen in Aire(-/-) mice. These findings add to the understanding of how specific DC subtypes regulate the early responses during T cell-dependent antibody responses within the spleen and further define the role of AIRE in the periphery as regulator of self-antigen expression and lymphocyte migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Lindmark
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Abstract
In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, donor-derived T cells are key players for early immune reconstitution and efficient engraftment, as well as the graft-versus-leukemia and graft-versus-infection effects. However, a severe and quite common life-threatening complication is the development of graft-versus-host disease, during which the alloreactive donor T cells attack the host. Controlling graft-versus-host disease while preserving the benefits of graft-versus-leukemia still constitutes a challenge. A promising approach for the control of graft-versus-host disease is suicide gene therapy, which involves the ex vivo genetic modification of donor T cells with a suicide gene that allows for the selective elimination of the cells in vivo if graft-versus-host disease occurs. This article presents an overview of such approaches with special reference to lessons learned from previous clinical experiences, as well as a discussion of critical factors in suicide gene therapy.
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18
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Seth S, Georgoudaki AM, Chambers BJ, Qiu Q, Kremmer E, Maier MK, Czeloth N, Ravens I, Foerster R, Bernhardt G. Heterogeneous expression of the adhesion receptor CD226 on murine NK and T cells and its function in NK-mediated killing of immature dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 86:91-101. [PMID: 19380711 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1208745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The adhesion receptor CD226 (DNAM-1) is a member of the Ig superfamily possessing two extracellular V-like domains. In humans, CD226 was shown to be expressed by NK as well as T cells. During T cell priming, CD226-mediated costimulatory signals may skew the subsequent differentiation into the Th1 pathway. In addition, CD226 expressed on NK and cytotoxic T cells is engaged by its counter-receptor CD155, present on target cells, thereby triggering their elimination. We established mAb specifically recognizing mCD226, demonstrating that CD226 is expressed by precursor and mature but not developing T cells. In contrast, NK cells are distinguished by a rather heterogeneous CD226 expression profile. In addition, expression of CD226 appears coupled to that of other NK cell receptors, as high expression of CD226 was found to correlate with decreased proportions of Ly49D and H positive NK cells. Upon injection into mice, the anti-CD226 antibodies caused selective depletion of CD8(+) T cells. Moreover, these antibodies as well as a naturally occurring CD226 splice variant lacking the outermost V-like domain were instrumental in determining that CD226 adheres to CD155 via its first domain. In addition, antibodies were identified as capable of blocking the CD226/CD155 interaction and to prevent NK-driven killing of immature DC. CD226 is thus the first mNK receptor identified to be essential for the elimination of this particular cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Seth
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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