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Tiwari A, Myeong J, Hashemiaghdam A, Zhang H, Niu X, Laramie MA, Stunault MI, Sponagel J, Patti G, Shriver L, Klyachko V, Ashrafi G. Mitochondrial pyruvate transport regulates presynaptic metabolism and neurotransmission. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.20.586011. [PMID: 38562794 PMCID: PMC10983914 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.20.586011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Glucose has long been considered the primary fuel source for the brain. However, glucose levels fluctuate in the brain during sleep, intense circuit activity, or dietary restrictions, posing significant metabolic stress. Here, we demonstrate that the mammalian brain utilizes pyruvate as a fuel source, and pyruvate can support neuronal viability in the absence of glucose. Nerve terminals are sites of metabolic vulnerability within a neuron and we show that mitochondrial pyruvate uptake is a critical step in oxidative ATP production in hippocampal terminals. We find that the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier is post-translationally modified by lysine acetylation which in turn modulates mitochondrial pyruvate uptake. Importantly, our data reveal that the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier regulates distinct steps in synaptic transmission, namely, the spatiotemporal pattern of synaptic vesicle release and the efficiency of vesicle retrieval, functions that have profound implications for synaptic plasticity. In summary, we identify pyruvate as a potent neuronal fuel and mitochondrial pyruvate uptake as a critical node for the metabolic control of synaptic transmission in hippocampal terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Tiwari
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Jongyun Myeong
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Arsalan Hashemiaghdam
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis
- Present address: Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Xianfeng Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Marissa A Laramie
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Marion I Stunault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Jasmin Sponagel
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Gary Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Leah Shriver
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Vitaly Klyachko
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Ghazaleh Ashrafi
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, Washington University in St. Louis
- Lead Contact
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Sahay SC, Kesarwani P, Sharma G, Tiwari A. Sahay's modification of Winter's shunt technique for priapism. Indian J Urol 2024; 40:72-73. [PMID: 38314082 PMCID: PMC10836460 DOI: 10.4103/iju.iju_407_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - P. Kesarwani
- Department of Urology, Max Superspeciality Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - G. Sharma
- Department of Urology, Max Superspeciality Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - A. Tiwari
- Department of Urology, Max Superspeciality Hospital, Delhi, India
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Tiwari A, Hashemiaghdam A, Laramie MA, Maschi D, Haddad T, Stunault MI, Bergom C, Javaheri A, Klyachko V, Ashrafi G. Sirtuin3 ensures the metabolic plasticity of neurotransmission during glucose deprivation. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202305048. [PMID: 37988067 PMCID: PMC10660140 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202305048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmission is an energetically expensive process that underlies cognition. During intense electrical activity or dietary restrictions, the glucose level in the brain plummets, forcing neurons to utilize alternative fuels. However, the molecular mechanisms of neuronal metabolic plasticity remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that glucose-deprived neurons activate the CREB and PGC1α transcriptional program, which induces expression of the mitochondrial deacetylase Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) both in vitro and in vivo. We show that Sirt3 localizes to axonal mitochondria and stimulates mitochondrial oxidative capacity in hippocampal nerve terminals. Sirt3 plays an essential role in sustaining synaptic transmission in the absence of glucose by providing metabolic support for the retrieval of synaptic vesicles after release. These results demonstrate that the transcriptional induction of Sirt3 facilitates the metabolic plasticity of synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Tiwari
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arsalan Hashemiaghdam
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marissa A. Laramie
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dario Maschi
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tristaan Haddad
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marion I. Stunault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carmen Bergom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ali Javaheri
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- John Cochran VA Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vitaly Klyachko
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ghazaleh Ashrafi
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Tiwari A, Patel M G, Borah N, Singh A, Shah S, Prabhakar A. COVID-19 SAFETY MEASURES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON GAMBLING HABITS: AN INVESTIGATIVE STUDY. Georgian Med News 2023:144-152. [PMID: 38096532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
This study looked at the way COVID-19 was starting to affect gambling during first six weeks of emergency actions. The following factors were evaluated: the economic effect of COVID-19 on internet gambling, according to COVID-19, psychological issues, addiction to drugs, and risky gambling habits and intentions. Online survey with cross-sectional data of 2015 gamblers was conducted, with a subsample of 1048 people who gambled online (age 18 and older). Numerous metrics of correlation and probability ratio analyses were performed. The Issue of Gambling Intensity Index's extremely dangerous gamblers and those who have gambled online are more likely to engage in gambling online, according to the outcomes, even though there was an obvious transition toward physical gaming. The most predicted indicators for high-risk gamblers on the internet were moderate to severe depression and anxiety, reduced work weeks, convincing themselves to gamble by COVID-19, gambling under the effects of alcohol or cannabis, and dangerous gambling motivations related to psychological disorders, such as gambling to relieve anxiety and depressive disorders, chasing gambling damages, and trying to make money from gambling. This research has validated numerous risk connections associated with gambling risk, psychological issues, and substance use reported in previous studies on the worldwide recession and upcoming COVID-19-related investigations. In contrast to many other inquiries, the current research considers each component comprehensively. It offers more information on the risk factors associated with online gambling throughout the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tiwari
- 1Department of CSE (Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning), Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G Patel M
- 2Department of Community Medicine, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal. Waghodia, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - N Borah
- 3Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India
| | - A Singh
- 4School of Pharmacy & Research, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sh Shah
- 5Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - A Prabhakar
- 5Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
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Johansson MW, Balnis J, Muehlbauer LK, Bukhman YV, Stefely MS, Overmyer KA, Vancavage R, Tiwari A, Adhikari AR, Feustel PJ, Schwartz BS, Coon JJ, Stewart R, Jaitovich A, Mosher DF. Decreased plasma cartilage acidic protein 1 in COVID-19. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15814. [PMID: 37667413 PMCID: PMC10477339 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage acidic protein-1 (CRTAC1) is produced by several cell types, including Type 2 alveolar epithelial (T2AE) cells that are targeted by SARS-CoV2. Plasma CRTAC1 is known based on proteomic surveys to be low in patients with severe COVID-19. Using an ELISA, we found that patients treated for COVID-19 in an ICU almost uniformly had plasma concentrations of CRTAC1 below those of healthy controls. Magnitude of decrease in CRTAC1 distinguished COVID-19 from other causes of acute respiratory decompensation and correlated with established metrics of COVID-19 severity. CRTAC1 concentrations below those of controls were found in some patients a year after hospitalization with COVID-19, long COVID after less severe COVID-19, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Decreases in CRTAC1 in severe COVID-19 correlated (r = 0.37, p = 0.0001) with decreases in CFP (properdin), which interacts with CRTAC1. Thus, decreases of CRTAC1 associated with severe COVID-19 may result from loss of production by T2AE cells or co-depletion with CFP. Determination of significance of and reasons behind decreased CRTAC1 concentration in a subset of patients with long COVID will require analysis of roles of preexisting lung disease, impact of prior acute COVID-19, age, and other confounding variables in a larger number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats W Johansson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Joseph Balnis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Laura K Muehlbauer
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yury V Bukhman
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Katherine A Overmyer
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rachel Vancavage
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Anupama Tiwari
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Anish Raj Adhikari
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Paul J Feustel
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Bradford S Schwartz
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ron Stewart
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ariel Jaitovich
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Deane F Mosher
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Tiwari A, Mehrotra M, Hasan A, Agarwal J, Singh GK. "HBV liver decompensation: Antiviral therapy for all". J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:833-834. [PMID: 36999212 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Tiwari
- Department of Gastroenterology Regency Hospital Ltd, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, 208005
| | - M Mehrotra
- Department of Gastroenterology Regency Hospital Ltd, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, 208005
| | - A Hasan
- Department of Gastroenterology Regency Hospital Ltd, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, 208005
| | - J Agarwal
- Regency Hospital Ltd, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, 208005
| | - G K Singh
- Regency Hospital Ltd, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, 208005
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Tiwari A, Hashemiaghdam A, Laramie MA, Maschi D, Haddad T, Stunault MI, Bergom C, Javaheri A, Klyachko V, Ashrafi G. Sirtuin3 ensures the metabolic plasticity of neurotransmission during glucose deprivation. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.08.531724. [PMID: 36945567 PMCID: PMC10028948 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.08.531724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmission is an energetically expensive process that underlies cognition. During intense electrical activity or dietary restrictions, glucose levels in the brain plummet, forcing neurons to utilize alternative fuels. However, the molecular mechanisms of neuronal metabolic plasticity remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that glucose-deprived neurons activate the CREB and PGC1α transcriptional program that induces the expression of the mitochondrial deacetylase Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) both in vitro and in vivo . We show that Sirt3 localizes to axonal mitochondria and stimulates mitochondrial oxidative capacity in hippocampal nerve terminals. Sirt3 plays an essential role in sustaining synaptic transmission in the absence of glucose by powering the retrieval of synaptic vesicles after release. These results demonstrate that the transcriptional induction of Sirt3 ensures the metabolic plasticity of synaptic transmission. Highlights Glucose deprivation drives transcriptional reprogramming of neuronal metabolism via CREB and PGC1α. Glucose or food deprivation trigger the neuronal expression of mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) both in vitro and in vivo . Sirt3 stimulates oxidative ATP synthesis in nerve terminals.Sirt3 sustains the synaptic vesicle cycle in the absence of glucose.
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Amara AAAF, Amin P, Ammashi S, Arfin S, Cruz JN, El-Baky NA, Enibukun JS, Fatoki TH, Garg N, Gurav N, Gurav S, Jain D, Jaiswal PK, Jena GK, Jha AN, Kesharwani R, Khan F, Khataniar A, Kumar D, Kumar P, Kumar V, Mali SN, Manjunatha VC, Moharana M, Nadaf S, Nagella P, Ogunyemi IO, Patel DK, Pattanayak SK, Prakash SE, Rajak N, Rangaraj S, Rathinavel T, Redwan EM, Saha D, Sasikanth V, Singh AK, Tambe S, Tiwari A, Veerappa Lakshmaiah V, Verma P. Contributors. Nutraceuticals 2023:xiii-xvi. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-443-19193-0.09992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Oweis J, Leamon A, Al-Tarbsheh AH, Goodspeed K, Khorolsky C, Feustel P, Naseer U, Albaba I, Parimi SA, Shkolnik B, Tiwari A, Chopra A, Torosoff M. Influence of right ventricular structure and function on hospital outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Heart Lung 2023; 57:19-24. [PMID: 35987113 PMCID: PMC9365873 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of the right ventricular (RV) structure and function on the in-hospital outcomes in patients with COVID-19 infection has not been rigorously investigated. OBJECTIVES The main aim of our study was to investigate in-hospital outcomes including mortality, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, pressor support, associated with RV dilatation, and RV systolic dysfunction in COVID-19 patients without a history of pulmonary hypertension. METHODS It was a single academic tertiary center, retrospective cohort study of 997 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients. One hundred ninty-four of those patients did not have a history of pulmonary hypertension and underwent transthoracic echocardiography at the request of the treating physicians for clinical indications. Clinical endpoints which included mortality, ICU admission, need for mechanical ventilation or pressor support were abstracted from the electronic charts. RESULTS Patients' mean age was 68+/-16 years old and 42% of the study population were females. COPD was reported in 13% of the study population, whereas asthma was 10%, and CAD was 25%. The mean BMI was 29.8+/-9.5 kg/m2. Overall mortality was 27%, 46% in ICU patients, and 9% in the rest of the cohort. There were no significant differences in co-morbidities between expired patients and the survivors. A total of 19% of patients had evidence of RV dilatation and 17% manifested decreased RV systolic function. RV dilatation or decreased RV systolic function were noted in 24% of the total study population. RV dilatation was significantly more common in expired patients (15% vs 29%, p = 0.026) and was associated with increased mortality in patients treated in the ICU (HR 2.966, 95%CI 1.067-8.243, p = 0.037), who did not need require positive pressure ventilation, IV pressor support or acute hemodialysis. CONCLUSIONS In hospitalized COVID-19 patients without a history of pulmonary hypertension, RV dilatation is associated with a 2-fold increase in inpatient mortality and a 3-fold increase in ICU mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Oweis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albany Medical Center, 43 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York, 12208, United States of America.
| | - Annie Leamon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albany Medical Center, 43 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York, 12208, United States of America
| | - Ali H Al-Tarbsheh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albany Medical Center, 43 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York, 12208, United States of America
| | - Katharine Goodspeed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albany Medical Center, 43 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York, 12208, United States of America
| | - Ciril Khorolsky
- Department of Cardiology, Albany Medical Center, 43 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York, 12208, United States of America
| | - Paul Feustel
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, 43 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York, 12208, United States of America
| | - Usman Naseer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albany Medical Center, 43 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York, 12208, United States of America
| | - Isam Albaba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albany Medical Center, 43 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York, 12208, United States of America
| | - Sai Anoosh Parimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albany Medical Center, 43 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York, 12208, United States of America
| | - Boris Shkolnik
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, 43 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York, 12208, United States of America
| | - Anupama Tiwari
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, 43 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York, 12208, United States of America
| | - Amit Chopra
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, 43 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York, 12208, United States of America
| | - Mikhail Torosoff
- Department of Cardiology, Albany Medical Center, 43 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York, 12208, United States of America
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Tang TY, Tiwari A, Yap CJQ, Soon SXY, Wong CLJ. Re: “Modification of protocol with one extra drop of endovascular cyanoacrylate improved closure rates in incompetent great saphenous veins”—time to rethink the instructions for use for VenaSeal™? Phlebology 2022; 37:616-617. [DOI: 10.1177/02683555221108880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- TY Tang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Duke NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - A Tiwari
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - CJQ Yap
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - SXY Soon
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - CLJ Wong
- The Vascular & Endovascular Clinic, Gleneagles Medical Centre, Singapore
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Acharya S, Meador R, Plocharczyk E, Tiwari A, Gupta SS. Isolated interstitial lung disease associated with anti-synthetase syndrome. QJM 2022; 115:408-409. [PMID: 35166846 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Acharya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cayuga Medical Center, 101 Dates Drive, Ithaca, New York, NY 14850, USA
| | - R Meador
- Department of Rheumatology, Cayuga Medical Center, 101 Dates Drive, Ithaca, New York, NY 14850, USA
| | - E Plocharczyk
- Department of Pathology, Cayuga Medical Center, 101 Dates Drive, Ithaca, New York, NY 14850, USA
| | - A Tiwari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cayuga Medical Center, 101 Dates Drive, Ithaca, New York, NY 14850, USA
| | - S S Gupta
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cayuga Medical Center, 101 Dates Drive, Ithaca, New York, NY 14850, USA
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12
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Judson MA, Tiwari A, Gemoets DE. The Relationship of Obesity and OSA to the Development of Sarcoidosis. Chest 2022; 162:1086-1092. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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13
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Datta B, Tiwari A. Adding to her woes: child bride's higher risk of hypertension at young adulthood. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022:6543034. [PMID: 35257178 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child marriage is associated with various adverse socio-economic and pregnancy outcomes. However, there remains a dearth of research on the long-term health implications of child marriage. As such, this study sought to expand upon the growing literature on child marriage, specifically examining the associations between child marriage and hypertension during young adult age. METHODS We obtained data of 5369 women aged 20-34 from the Tajikistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017. Using multivariable logistic regression framework, we estimated the adjusted odds in favor of being hypertensive for women who were married before the age of 18. We also explored the presence of several stressors to understand the role of probable medication factors. RESULTS We found that the odds of being hypertensive for young adult women married before the age of 18 were 1.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.1-2.4) times that of those who were not. Likelihood of having stressors, such as pregnancy loss or child death, marital control and spousal violence, was found higher among child brides compared to their peers. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that child marriage may increase the risk of hypertension among young adult women. This work reinforces recommendations by the United Nations to the end child marriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Datta
- Institute of Public and Preventive Health, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA 30912, USA
| | - A Tiwari
- Institute of Public and Preventive Health, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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14
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Chan KL, Leung WC, Tiwari A, Or KL, Ip P. Effectiveness of the iParent app for postnatal depression: a randomised controlled trial (abridged secondary publication). Hong Kong Med J 2022; 28 Suppl 1:17-18. [PMID: 35260510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K L Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | - W C Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kwong Wah Hospital
| | - A Tiwari
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital
| | - K L Or
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The University of Hong Kong
| | - P Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
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Tiwari A, Swamy M, Mishra P, Verma Y, Dubey A, Srivastav N. Molecular detection of Salmonella isolated from commercial chicken. Iran J Vet Res 2022; 23:39-45. [PMID: 35782360 PMCID: PMC9238933 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2021.41301.5996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella in chicken, specially, the motile salmonellae, causes the food chain unsafe from farm to table and is considered a significant global threat to public health. AIMS The present study was carried out for molecular detection of Salmonellae in commercial poultry using PCR. METHODS The study was conducted for eight months, from July 2019 to February 2020, and a total of 26 poultry farms, including 15 broiler and 11-layer farms, were visited individually. Pooled faecal samples were obtained from the sheds. A total of 189 necropsy cases were examined for gastrointestinal lesions. Isolation and identification of the organism were done using microbe culture method, and the molecular characterization was performed via PCR targeting invA and ent genes. RESULTS The prevalence of salmonellosis in the broiler and layer farms was recorded at 20.0% and 45.4%, respectively, through the traditional gold standard culture method. From 189 necropsy birds, salmonellosis was recorded at 1.58% dead cases. Molecular detection of Salmonella isolates by PCR targeting invA gene was confirmed in 13.33% of the broiler farms and 36.3% of the layer farms. Further detection of Salmonella enteritidis was performed by PCR targeting ent gene by which 11.11% positivity was determined. CONCLUSION This study, focused on the Salmonella prevalence, highlighted the zoonotic importance of the bacterium in the commercial poultry farms, which can subsequently be dispersed into the human food chain causing harmful health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Tiwari
- Ph.D. Student in Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482001, India
| | - M. Swamy
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482001, India
| | - P. Mishra
- Ph.D. Student in Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482001, India
| | - Y. Verma
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482001, India
| | - A. Dubey
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482001, India
| | - N. Srivastav
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Rewa, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482001, India
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Nizawa T, Bhutto IA, Tiwari A, Grebe RR, Alt J, Rais R, Edwards MM, Lutty GA. Topical Ketotifen Fumarate Inhibits Choroidal Mast Cell Degranulation and Loss of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells in Rat Model for Geographic Atrophy. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:37. [PMID: 34967831 PMCID: PMC8727493 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.14.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study evaluates whether topical ketotifen fumarate (KTF) can prevent geographic atrophy (GA)-like phenotypes in a rat model. Methods Pharmacokinetics (PKs) of KTF after topical administration twice daily for 5 days was analyzed in rat retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid/sclera, and in plasma by an liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Rats were then given hydrogel implants +/- 48/80 in the superior subconjunctival space and topically treated with 1% and 0.25% of KTF or phosphate buffer saline (PBS) twice daily. Rats were euthanized at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks postinjection. Choroidal mast cells (MCs) were stained with nonspecific esterase and the RPE monolayer was labeled with RPE65 and ZO-1 in whole mount choroids. Retinal and choroidal areas were determined in cryosections stained with picrosirius red. Dark-adapted electroretinogram (ERG) was also performed to evaluate retinal function. Results PK results showed the highest level of KTF (average 5.6 nM/mg) in the RPE/choroid/sclera in rats given topical 1% KTF. Topical 1% KTF significantly reduced choroidal MC degranulation at 1 week and 2 weeks (both P < 0.001) and RPE loss at 4 weeks (P < 0.001) as well as retinal and choroidal thinning (both P < 0.001) and reduction in ERG amplitude at 8 weeks (P < 0.05) compared to PBS. Similar results were obtained with 0.25% KTF. Conclusions Both 1% and 0.25% KTF eye drops effectively reduced MC degranulation, RPE loss, and retinal and choroidal thinning while preventing the decline of ERG amplitude in a GA-like rat model. These data suggest that topical KTF might be a new therapeutic drug for treating GA. Translational Relevance The results of this study demonstrate that topical KTF successfully reduced GA-like phenotypes in a rat model and may provide a novel therapy for GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Nizawa
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Imran A Bhutto
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anupama Tiwari
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rhonda R Grebe
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jesse Alt
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rana Rais
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Malia M Edwards
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gerard A Lutty
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Qadir N, Bartz RR, Cooter ML, Hough CL, Lanspa MJ, Banner-Goodspeed VM, Chen JT, Giovanni S, Gomaa D, Sjoding MW, Hajizadeh N, Komisarow J, Duggal A, Khanna AK, Kashyap R, Khan A, Chang SY, Tonna JE, Anderson HL, Liebler JM, Mosier JM, Morris PE, Genthon A, Louh IK, Tidswell M, Stephens RS, Esper AM, Dries DJ, Martinez A, Schreyer KE, Bender W, Tiwari A, Guru PK, Hanna S, Gong MN, Park PK. Variation in Early Management Practices in Moderate-to-Severe ARDS in the United States: The Severe ARDS: Generating Evidence Study. Chest 2021; 160:1304-1315. [PMID: 34089739 PMCID: PMC8176896 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although specific interventions previously demonstrated benefit in patients with ARDS, use of these interventions is inconsistent, and patient mortality remains high. The impact of variability in center management practices on ARDS mortality rates remains unknown. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the impact of treatment variability on mortality in patients with moderate to severe ARDS in the United States? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a multicenter, observational cohort study of mechanically ventilated adults with ARDS and Pao2 to Fio2 ratio of ≤ 150 with positive end-expiratory pressure of ≥ 5 cm H2O, who were admitted to 29 US centers between October 1, 2016, and April 30, 2017. The primary outcome was 28-day in-hospital mortality. Center variation in ventilator management, adjunctive therapy use, and mortality also were assessed. RESULTS A total of 2,466 patients were enrolled. Median baseline Pao2 to Fio2 ratio was 105 (interquartile range, 78.0-129.0). In-hospital 28-day mortality was 40.7%. Initial adherence to lung protective ventilation (LPV; tidal volume, ≤ 6.5 mL/kg predicted body weight; plateau pressure, or when unavailable, peak inspiratory pressure, ≤ 30 mm H2O) was 31.4% and varied between centers (0%-65%), as did rates of adjunctive therapy use (27.1%-96.4%), methods used (neuromuscular blockade, prone positioning, systemic steroids, pulmonary vasodilators, and extracorporeal support), and mortality (16.7%-73.3%). Center standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), calculated using baseline patient-level characteristics to derive expected mortality rate, ranged from 0.33 to 1.98. Of the treatment-level factors explored, only center adherence to early LPV was correlated with SMR. INTERPRETATION Substantial center-to-center variability exists in ARDS management, suggesting that further opportunities for improving ARDS outcomes exist. Early adherence to LPV was associated with lower center mortality and may be a surrogate for overall quality of care processes. Future collaboration is needed to identify additional treatment-level factors influencing center-level outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT03021824; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Qadir
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Raquel R Bartz
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Mary L Cooter
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Catherine L Hough
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Michael J Lanspa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT
| | - Valerie M Banner-Goodspeed
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jen-Ting Chen
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Shewit Giovanni
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Dina Gomaa
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Michael W Sjoding
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Negin Hajizadeh
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY
| | - Jordan Komisarow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Abhijit Duggal
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ashish K Khanna
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH
| | - Rahul Kashyap
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Akram Khan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Steven Y Chang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Joseph E Tonna
- Divisions of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Janice M Liebler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jarrod M Mosier
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ
| | - Peter E Morris
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Alissa Genthon
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Irene K Louh
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; New York-Presbyterian Hospital
| | - Mark Tidswell
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Baystate Medical Center and University of Massachusetts Medical School, Springfield, MA
| | - R Scott Stephens
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Annette M Esper
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - David J Dries
- Department of Surgery, Regions Medical Center, St. Paul, MN
| | | | - Kraftin E Schreyer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - William Bender
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Anupama Tiwari
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
| | - Pramod K Guru
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Sinan Hanna
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Michelle N Gong
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Pauline K Park
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
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Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of COVID-19 and its differential geographic spread suggest some populations are apparently 'less affected' through many host-related factors that involve angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein, which is also the entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. The role of ACE2 has been well studied in COVID-19 but not in the context of malaria and COVID-19. We have previously suggested how malaria might intersect with COVID-19 through ACE2 mutation and here we evaluate the currently available data that could provide a link between the two diseases. Based on the existing global and Indian data on malaria, COVID-19 and the suggested ACE2 mutation, the association could not be examined robustly, neither accepting nor refuting the suggested hypothesis. We strongly recommend targeted evaluation of this hypothesis through carefully designed robust molecular epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. De
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - M. Dash
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - A. Tiwari
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - A. Sinha
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
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19
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Ghalib S, Chopra A, Fantauzzi JP, Nabagiez JP, Tiwari A. A Young Woman With Recurrent Episodes of Fever and Cough. Chest 2021; 160:e25-e28. [PMID: 34246384 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CASE PRESENTATION A 19-year-old woman presented to pulmonary clinic with recurrent episodes of fevers and productive cough over the last 2 years. She was diagnosed with several episodes of respiratory infection that required antibiotic therapy. Her symptoms improved transiently after antibiotic therapy. However, symptoms continued to recur every 1 to 2 months. She denied any close TB contacts or travel outside the United States. She was a nonsmoker and had no history of immunodeficiency. There was no history of cystic fibrosis or any foreign body aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ghalib
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY.
| | - Amit Chopra
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY
| | | | - John P Nabagiez
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY
| | - Anupama Tiwari
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY
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20
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Chickermane PR, Kuriakose M, Tiwari A, Shahul A, Balan S. POS1331 LONG-TERM OUTCOME IN CHILDREN WITH JUVENILE DERMATOMYOSITIS FROM SOUTHERN INDIA. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.4010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:There is paucity of data regarding long-term outcome and cumulative damage in children with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) from the Indian subcontinent.Objectives:To assess the long-term outcome and cumulative damage in children with JDM receiving treatment at a tertiary hospital in southern India.Methods:Retrospective review of records and cross-sectional assessment of outcome and damage in 29 patients with JDM at a tertiary hospital in Kochi, India. The disease course was categorized as monocyclic, polycyclic and chronic progressive. Cumulative damage was assessed using the IMACS myositis damage index (MDI).Results:Twenty-nine patients (male-16) diagnosed with definite or probable juvenile dermatomyositis based on the Bohan and Peter criteria and having a minimum follow-up period of 3 years each were enrolled. Of these, 20 children were diagnosed and initiated on treatment at our institute (inceptional) and 9 were diagnosed elsewhere and referred to our centre for further management (non-inceptional). The mean age at disease onset was 7.01 ± 3.34 years (range 1.0 to 13.5 years). The median interval from onset to diagnosis was 3 months (range- 3 weeks to 8.75 years). Delayed diagnosis defined as interval from onset to diagnosis exceeding 6 months was noted in case of 8 children. Among patients in the non-inceptional group, six were considered to have not received standard of care treatment prior to referral to our centre. Standard of care treatment was defined as initiation of a treatment regimen comprising of a combination of glucocorticoids with an immunosuppressive agent within 4 weeks of diagnosis. A total of 11 children had a delayed diagnosis and/or had not received standard of care treatment prior to referral.At our centre, all patients received oral steroids and subcutaneous methotrexate as standard therapy. Pulse steroids were used to induce remission in 12 patients and as a rescue for relapses in 2 patients. Intravenous immunoglobulin was used in 10 children with severe myositis, oropharyngeal weakness, refractory cutaneous disease including calcinosis and concomitant infection, where affordable with good results. Hydroxychloroquine was added in 15 patients with dominant cutaneous manifestations. Mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine and tacrolimus were used in patients refractory or intolerant to methotrexate. Cyclophosphamide and rituximab were used in 4 patients each with refractory disease and extra-muscular manifestations such as interstitial lung disease. Seven patients with refractory calcinosis received pamidronate infusions.The total follow-up duration was 121.06 patient-years. A monocyclic course was observed in 11/29 (37.9%), chronic progressive course in 16/29 (55.2%) and polycyclic course in 2/29(6.9 %). Nearly half of the patients (14/29) had damage in at least one organ using the MDI (MDI ≥1). 38% of the patients (11/29) had at least one sign of cutaneous damage, the most common being calcinosis (n=11) and lipodystrophy (n=4). This was followed by skeletal damage (n=6, joint contractures-5, osteoporosis with fracture-1), muscle and pulmonary (pulmonary fibrosis) damage in 3 patients each, endocrine damage in 2 patients (diabetes mellitus-1, growth failure and delayed development of secondary sexual characteristics-1) and chronic infection in one patient. All patients with damage in at least one organ had a chronic progressive course, indicating damage accrual. Delayed diagnosis and lack of standard of care treatment prior to referral (i.e., longer duration of untreated/ sub-optimally treated disease) were associated with an increased risk of cumulative damage (p< 0.05).Conclusion:Nearly half of the patients had damage in at least one organ using the MDI. Cutaneous damage was the most common, followed by skeletal, muscle, pulmonary and endocrine damage. Longer duration of untreated/ sub-optimally treated disease significantly increases the risk of cumulative damage, highlighting the need for an early diagnosis and referral to pediatric rheumatology services.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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21
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Balnis J, Madrid A, Hogan KJ, Drake LA, Chieng HC, Tiwari A, Vincent CE, Chopra A, Vincent PA, Robek MD, Singer HA, Alisch RS, Jaitovich A. Blood DNA methylation and COVID-19 outcomes. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:118. [PMID: 34034806 PMCID: PMC8148415 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no prior reports that compare differentially methylated regions of DNA in blood samples from COVID-19 patients to samples collected before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic using a shared epigenotyping platform. We performed a genome-wide analysis of circulating blood DNA CpG methylation using the Infinium Human MethylationEPIC BeadChip on 124 blood samples from hospitalized COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients and compared these data with previously reported data from 39 healthy individuals collected before the pandemic. Prospective outcome measures such as COVID-19-GRAM risk-score and mortality were combined with methylation data. RESULTS Global mean methylation levels did not differ between COVID-19 patients and healthy pre-pandemic controls. About 75% of acute illness-associated differentially methylated regions were located near gene promoter regions and were hypo-methylated in comparison with healthy pre-pandemic controls. Gene ontology analyses revealed terms associated with the immune response to viral infections and leukocyte activation; and disease ontology analyses revealed a predominance of autoimmune disorders. Among COVID-19-positive patients, worse outcomes were associated with a prevailing hyper-methylated status. Recursive feature elimination identified 77 differentially methylated positions predictive of COVID-19 severity measured by the GRAM-risk score. CONCLUSION Our data contribute to the awareness that DNA methylation may influence the expression of genes that regulate COVID-19 progression and represent a targetable process in that setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Balnis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Andy Madrid
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kirk J Hogan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lisa A Drake
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Hau C Chieng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Anupama Tiwari
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Catherine E Vincent
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Amit Chopra
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Peter A Vincent
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Michael D Robek
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Harold A Singer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Reid S Alisch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Ariel Jaitovich
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
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22
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Manchanda R, Dhar N, Kumar M, Kumar N, Tiwari A. Thickened sural nerve in Hansen's disease. QJM 2021; 114:202-203. [PMID: 32614397 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Manchanda
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttrakhand, India
| | - N Dhar
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttrakhand, India
| | - M Kumar
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttrakhand, India
| | - N Kumar
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttrakhand, India
| | - A Tiwari
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttrakhand, India
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23
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Raheja H, Chukwuka N, Agarwal C, Sharma D, Munoz-Martinez A, Fogel J, Khalid M, Hashmi AT, Ehrlich S, Waheed MA, Siddiqui S, de Brito Gomes BA, Aslam A, Merino Gualan CJ, Aftab I, Tiwari A, Singh S, Pouching K, Somal N, Shani J, Rojas-Marte G. Should COVID-19 patients >75 years be Ventilated? An Outcome Study. QJM 2021; 114:182-189. [PMID: 33580251 PMCID: PMC7928642 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderly patients with COVID-19 disease are at increased risk for adverse outcomes. Current data regarding disease characteristics and outcomes in this population are limited. AIM To delineate the adverse factors associated with outcomes of COVID-19 patients ≥75 years of age. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Patients were classified into mild/moderate, severe/very severe and critical disease (intubated) based on oxygen requirements. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. RESULTS A total of 355 patients aged ≥75 years hospitalized with COVID-19 between 19 March and 25 April 2020 were included.Mean age was 84.3 years. One-third of the patients developed critical disease. Mean length of stay was 7.10 days. Vasopressors were required in 27%, with the highest frequency in the critical disease group (74.1%). Overall mortality was 57.2%, with a significant difference between severity groups (mild/moderate disease: 17.4%, severe/very severe disease: 71.3%, critical disease: 94.9%, P < 0.001).Increased age, dementia, and severe/very severe and critical disease groups were independently associated with increased odds for mortality while diarrhea was associated with decreased odds for mortality (OR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.02-0.60, P < 0.05). None of the cardiovascular comorbidities were significantly associated with mortality. CONCLUSION Age and dementia are associated with increased odds for mortality in patients ≥75 years of age hospitalized with COVID-19. Those who require intubation have the greatest odds for mortality. Diarrhea as a presenting symptom was associated with lower odds for mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Raheja
- Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 Tenth Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - N Chukwuka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island NY 10305, USA
| | - C Agarwal
- Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 Tenth Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - D Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island NY 10305, USA
| | - A Munoz-Martinez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island NY 10305, USA
| | - J Fogel
- Department of Business Management, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - M Khalid
- Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 Tenth Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - A T Hashmi
- Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 Tenth Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - S Ehrlich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island NY 10305, USA
| | - M A Waheed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island NY 10305, USA
| | - S Siddiqui
- Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 Tenth Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - B A de Brito Gomes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island NY 10305, USA
| | - A Aslam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island NY 10305, USA
| | - C J Merino Gualan
- Department of Volunteer and Student Services, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - I Aftab
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island NY 10305, USA
| | - A Tiwari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island NY 10305, USA
| | - S Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island NY 10305, USA
| | - K Pouching
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island NY 10305, USA
| | - N Somal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island NY 10305, USA
| | - J Shani
- Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 Tenth Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - G Rojas-Marte
- Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 Tenth Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Staten Island, NY, USA
- Address correspondence to Geurys R Rojas-Marte, M.D., Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, Assistant Professor of Cardiology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hosftra/Northwell, 4802 10th Ave, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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Tiwari A, Rauf A, Kesavan S, Kappanayil M, Sivadas S, Balan S, Chickermane P. POS1262 A COHORT STUDY OF COVID-19 RELATED MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS FROM MULTIPLE TERTIARY CARE CENTRES IN SOUTH INDIA. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.4034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:After the peak of COVID 19 pandemic, a surge of cases with multi-system involvement and hyperinflammatory state was reported in children, at multiple tertiary care centers across the world. (1) This COVID-19 associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents is also known as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). There is a paucity of literature of clinical profile of MIS-C patients from India.Objectives:To study the clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes of COVID-19 related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and adolescents.Methods:It was a cohort study including cases defnied as per the case definitions of MIS-C by World Health Organisation (WHO) or Centre for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC).(2)The clinical parameters, laboratory parameters (including inflammatory markers, D dimer and NT ProBNP), electrocardiogram, 2D echocardiogram, course in hospital, and immediate outcomes were noted.Results:Twenty five patients (male-14) with a mean age of 6.22 ±4.25 years and a mean body mass index of 16.21 ±3.36 kg/m2 were enrolled on the study. Average length of hospital stay was 8.12±5.76 days. Associated comorbidities were present in 4 of our patients (16%). Figure 1 shows the frequency of clinical features in our study patients. Table 1 shows the clinical, laboratory, imaging findings, disease course and outcomes.Figure 1.Frequency of clinical features in our MIS-C cohort patientsTable 1.Clinical characteristics of MIS-C patients (n)=25Clinical Phenotypes:Incomplete/ Atypical Kawasaki Disease (KD)18 (72%)Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS)11 (44%)Unexplained Shock13 (52%)Fever with gastrointestinal symptoms17 (68%)Fever with neurological symptoms9 (36%)Fever with respiratory symptoms5 (20%)COVID chronology:MISC with acute COVID 19 with MAS1 (4%)MISC with acute COVID 19 with incomplete/atypical KD1 (4%)COVID 19 tests:COVID 19 RTPCR positive2 (8%)COVID 19 RTPCR negative23 (92%)COVID 19 IgG positive20 (80%)COVID 19 IgM positive6 (24%)COVID 19 IgG and IgM both positive2 (8%)COVID 19 IgG and IgM not done4 (16%)Other laboratory investigations(Peak/ trough values):Anaemia20 (80%)Leukopenia2 (8%)Thrombocytopenia6 (24%)Pancytopenia2 (8%)Positive CRP23 (92%)High Procalcitonin9 (36%)High ferritin10 (40%)High D- dimer17 (68%)High NT ProBNP23 (92%)Hypoalbuminemia14 (56%)Sterile pyuria7 (28%)Proteinuria4 (16%)Cardiac assessment:Abnormal Electrocardiogram (ECG)5 (20%)Abnormal Echocardiography15 (60%)Coronary dilation/prominence/non-tapering9 (36%)Coronary aneurysm1 (4%)LAD Z score (Mean±SD)2.12 ± 1.11Decreased Ejection fraction (EF)5 (20%)Systolic Dysfunction5 (20%)Pericardial effusion9 (36%)Global/septal hypokinesia4 (16%)Mitral Valve regurgitation3 (12%)Complete heart block1 (4%)Twenty patients (80%) had severe illness requiring intensive care. Fourteen patients (56%) required inotropic support, 8 patients (32%) required supplemental oxygen, 5 patients (20%) required mechanical ventilation and 2 patients (8%) expired. A total of 23 patients (92%) received pulse steroids followed by oral/iv steroids, 22 patients (88%) received IVIG (2g/kg) and 3 patients (12%) required anticoagulation.Conclusion:Our MIS-C cohort had varied clinical manifestations ranging from the mild cutaneous and gastrointestinal symptoms to fatal multiorgan dysfunctions. In contrast to western cohorts, our study cohort had higher number of patients from younger age group and lower BMI.References:[1]Ahmed M, Advani S, Moreira A, Zoretic S, Martinez J, Chorath K et al. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A systematic review. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;26:100527.[2]Jiang L, Tang K, Levin M, Irfan O, Morris S, Wilson K et al. COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2020;20(11):e276-e288.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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25
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Al-Mufti F, Amuluru K, Sahni R, Bekelis K, Karimi R, Ogulnick J, Cooper J, Overby P, Nuoman R, Tiwari A, Berekashvili K, Dangayach N, Liang J, Gupta G, Khandelwal P, Dominguez JF, Sursal T, Kamal H, Dakay K, Taylor B, Gulko E, El-Ghanem M, Mayer SA, Gandhi C. Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in COVID-19: A New York Metropolitan Cohort Study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1196-1200. [PMID: 33888450 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with hypercoagulability. We sought to evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics of cerebral venous thrombosis among patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at 6 tertiary care centers in the New York City metropolitan area. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study of 13,500 consecutive patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized between March 1 and May 30, 2020. RESULTS Of 13,500 patients with COVID-19, twelve had imaging-proved cerebral venous thrombosis with an incidence of 8.8 per 10,000 during 3 months, which is considerably higher than the reported incidence of cerebral venous thrombosis in the general population of 5 per million annually. There was a male preponderance (8 men, 4 women) and an average age of 49 years (95% CI, 36-62 years; range, 17-95 years). Only 1 patient (8%) had a history of thromboembolic disease. Neurologic symptoms secondary to cerebral venous thrombosis occurred within 24 hours of the onset of the respiratory and constitutional symptoms in 58% of cases, and 75% had venous infarction, hemorrhage, or both on brain imaging. Management consisted of anticoagulation, endovascular thrombectomy, and surgical hematoma evacuation. The mortality rate was 25%. CONCLUSIONS Early evidence suggests a higher-than-expected frequency of cerebral venous thrombosis among patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Cerebral venous thrombosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of neurologic syndromes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Al-Mufti
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (F.A.-M., R.S., J.C., P.O., R.N., J.F.D., T.S., E.G., S.A.M., C.G.) .,Neurology (F.A.-M., R.S., J.O., H.K., K.D., E.G., S.A.M., C.G.), Westchester Medical Center at New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - K Amuluru
- Department of Radiology (K.A.), Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - R Sahni
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (F.A.-M., R.S., J.C., P.O., R.N., J.F.D., T.S., E.G., S.A.M., C.G.).,Neurology (F.A.-M., R.S., J.O., H.K., K.D., E.G., S.A.M., C.G.), Westchester Medical Center at New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - K Bekelis
- Department of Neurosurgery (K. Bekelis), Catholic Health Services and Good Samaritan Hospital, West Islip, New York
| | - R Karimi
- Department of Neurosurgery (R.K.), Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - J Ogulnick
- Neurology (F.A.-M., R.S., J.O., H.K., K.D., E.G., S.A.M., C.G.), Westchester Medical Center at New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - J Cooper
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (F.A.-M., R.S., J.C., P.O., R.N., J.F.D., T.S., E.G., S.A.M., C.G.)
| | - P Overby
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (F.A.-M., R.S., J.C., P.O., R.N., J.F.D., T.S., E.G., S.A.M., C.G.)
| | - R Nuoman
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (F.A.-M., R.S., J.C., P.O., R.N., J.F.D., T.S., E.G., S.A.M., C.G.)
| | - A Tiwari
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.T., K. Berekashvili), New York University, New York, New York
| | - K Berekashvili
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.T., K. Berekashvili), New York University, New York, New York
| | - N Dangayach
- Department of Neurosurgery (N.D., J.L.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - J Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery (N.D., J.L.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - G Gupta
- Department of Neurological Surgery (G.G., P.K., B.T.), Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - P Khandelwal
- Department of Neurological Surgery (G.G., P.K., B.T.), Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - J F Dominguez
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (F.A.-M., R.S., J.C., P.O., R.N., J.F.D., T.S., E.G., S.A.M., C.G.)
| | - T Sursal
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (F.A.-M., R.S., J.C., P.O., R.N., J.F.D., T.S., E.G., S.A.M., C.G.)
| | - H Kamal
- Neurology (F.A.-M., R.S., J.O., H.K., K.D., E.G., S.A.M., C.G.), Westchester Medical Center at New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - K Dakay
- Neurology (F.A.-M., R.S., J.O., H.K., K.D., E.G., S.A.M., C.G.), Westchester Medical Center at New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - B Taylor
- Department of Neurological Surgery (G.G., P.K., B.T.), Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - E Gulko
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (F.A.-M., R.S., J.C., P.O., R.N., J.F.D., T.S., E.G., S.A.M., C.G.).,Neurology (F.A.-M., R.S., J.O., H.K., K.D., E.G., S.A.M., C.G.), Westchester Medical Center at New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - M El-Ghanem
- Department of Neurology (M.E.-G.), University of Arizona-Tuscon, Tuscon, Arizona
| | - S A Mayer
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (F.A.-M., R.S., J.C., P.O., R.N., J.F.D., T.S., E.G., S.A.M., C.G.).,Neurology (F.A.-M., R.S., J.O., H.K., K.D., E.G., S.A.M., C.G.), Westchester Medical Center at New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - C Gandhi
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (F.A.-M., R.S., J.C., P.O., R.N., J.F.D., T.S., E.G., S.A.M., C.G.).,Neurology (F.A.-M., R.S., J.O., H.K., K.D., E.G., S.A.M., C.G.), Westchester Medical Center at New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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Chong WH, Chieng H, Tiwari A, Beegle S, Feustel PJ, Ghalib S, Al-Tarbsheh AH, Jain E, Mullins J, Keenan M, Chopra A. Incidence and Risk Factors for Secondary Pulmonary Infections in Patients Hospitalized With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia. Am J Med Sci 2021; 363:476-483. [PMID: 33894182 PMCID: PMC8058139 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Secondary pulmonary infections (SPI) have not been well described in COVID-19 patients. Our study aims to examine the incidence and risk factors of SPI in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with pneumonia. Methods This was a retrospective, single-center study of adult COVID-19 patients with radiographic evidence of pneumonia admitted to a regional tertiary care hospital. SPI was defined as microorganisms identified on the respiratory tract with or without concurrent positive blood culture results for the same microorganism obtained at least 48 h after admission. Results Thirteen out of 244 (5%) had developed SPI during hospitalization. The median of the nadir lymphocyte count during hospitalization was significantly lower in patients with SPI as compared to those without SPI [0.4 K/uL (IQR 0.3–0.5) versus 0.6 K/uL (IQR 0.3–0.9)]. Patients with lower nadir lymphocyte had an increased risk of developing SPI with odds ratio (OR) of 1.21 (95% CI: 1.00 to 1.47, p = 0.04) per 0.1 K/uL decrement in nadir lymphocyte. The baseline median inflammatory markers of CRP [166.4 mg/L vs. 100.0 mg/L, p = 0.01] and d-dimer (18.5 mg/L vs. 1.4 mg/L, p<0.01), and peak procalcitonin (1.4 ng/mL vs. 0.3 ng/mL, p<0.01) and CRP (273.5 mg/L vs. 153.7 mg/L, p<0.01) during hospitalization were significantly higher in SPI group. Conclusions The incidence of SPI in hospitalized COVID-19 patients was 5%. Lower nadir median lymphocyte count during hospitalization was associated with an increased OR of developing SPI. The CRP and d-dimer levels on admission, and peak procalcitonin and CRP levels during hospitalization were higher in patients with SPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon H Chong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Hau Chieng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Anupama Tiwari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Scott Beegle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Paul J Feustel
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Sana Ghalib
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Esha Jain
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Megan Keenan
- Department of Quality Management, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Amit Chopra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA.
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Xu Y, Das L, Ma JZ, Yi CJ, Nie SM, Shi YG, Tiwari A, Tsirkin SS, Neupert T, Medarde M, Shi M, Chang J, Shang T. Unconventional Transverse Transport above and below the Magnetic Transition Temperature in Weyl Semimetal EuCd_{2}As_{2}. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:076602. [PMID: 33666464 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.076602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As exemplified by the growing interest in the quantum anomalous Hall effect, the research on topology as an organizing principle of quantum matter is greatly enriched from the interplay with magnetism. In this vein, we present a combined electrical and thermoelectrical transport study on the magnetic Weyl semimetal EuCd_{2}As_{2}. Unconventional contribution to the anomalous Hall and anomalous Nernst effects were observed both above and below the magnetic transition temperature of EuCd_{2}As_{2}, indicating the existence of significant Berry curvature. EuCd_{2}As_{2} represents a rare case in which this unconventional transverse transport emerges both above and below the magnetic transition temperature in the same material. The transport properties evolve with temperature and field in the antiferromagnetic phase in a different manner than in the paramagnetic phase, suggesting different mechanisms to their origin. Our results indicate EuCd_{2}As_{2} is a fertile playground for investigating the interplay between magnetism and topology, and potentially a plethora of topologically nontrivial phases rooted in this interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xu
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - L Das
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Z Ma
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - C J Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - S M Nie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94035, USA
| | - Y G Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - A Tiwari
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S S Tsirkin
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T Neupert
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Medarde
- Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M Shi
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - J Chang
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T Shang
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Overmyer KA, Shishkova E, Miller IJ, Balnis J, Bernstein MN, Peters-Clarke TM, Meyer JG, Quan Q, Muehlbauer LK, Trujillo EA, He Y, Chopra A, Chieng HC, Tiwari A, Judson MA, Paulson B, Brademan DR, Zhu Y, Serrano LR, Linke V, Drake LA, Adam AP, Schwartz BS, Singer HA, Swanson S, Mosher DF, Stewart R, Coon JJ, Jaitovich A. Large-Scale Multi-omic Analysis of COVID-19 Severity. Cell Syst 2021; 12:23-40.e7. [PMID: 33096026 PMCID: PMC7543711 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We performed RNA-seq and high-resolution mass spectrometry on 128 blood samples from COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients with diverse disease severities and outcomes. Quantified transcripts, proteins, metabolites, and lipids were associated with clinical outcomes in a curated relational database, uniquely enabling systems analysis and cross-ome correlations to molecules and patient prognoses. We mapped 219 molecular features with high significance to COVID-19 status and severity, many of which were involved in complement activation, dysregulated lipid transport, and neutrophil activation. We identified sets of covarying molecules, e.g., protein gelsolin and metabolite citrate or plasmalogens and apolipoproteins, offering pathophysiological insights and therapeutic suggestions. The observed dysregulation of platelet function, blood coagulation, acute phase response, and endotheliopathy further illuminated the unique COVID-19 phenotype. We present a web-based tool (covid-omics.app) enabling interactive exploration of our compendium and illustrate its utility through a machine learning approach for prediction of COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Overmyer
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Evgenia Shishkova
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Ian J Miller
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Joseph Balnis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | | | - Trenton M Peters-Clarke
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Jesse G Meyer
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Qiuwen Quan
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Laura K Muehlbauer
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Edna A Trujillo
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Yuchen He
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Amit Chopra
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Hau C Chieng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Anupama Tiwari
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Marc A Judson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Brett Paulson
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Dain R Brademan
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Yunyun Zhu
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Lia R Serrano
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Vanessa Linke
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Lisa A Drake
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Alejandro P Adam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | | | - Harold A Singer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Scott Swanson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Deane F Mosher
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Ron Stewart
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA.
| | - Ariel Jaitovich
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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Tiwari A, Fong DYT, Yuen FKH, Fung HYK, Pang POY, Wong JYH. Purpose-built intervention for mental health of Mainland Chinese immigrant women survivors of intimate partner violence: a randomised controlled trial (abridged secondary publication). Hong Kong Med J 2020; 26 Suppl 8:7-9. [PMID: 33504670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Tiwari
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong
| | - D Y T Fong
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong
| | - F K H Yuen
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong
| | | | | | - J Y H Wong
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong
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Wang J, Tiwari A, Persson BNJ, Sivebaek IM. Cylinder-flat-surface contact mechanics during sliding. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:043002. [PMID: 33212665 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.043002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Using molecular dynamics we study the dependency of the contact mechanics on the sliding speed when an elastic block (cylinder) with a cos(q_{0}x) surface height profile is sliding in adhesive contact on a rigid flat substrate. The atoms on the block interact with the substrate atoms by Lennard-Jones potentials, and we consider both commensurate and (nearly) incommensurate contacts. For the incommensurate system the friction force fluctuates between positive and negative values, with an amplitude proportional to the sliding speed, but with the average close to zero. For the commensurate system the (time-averaged) friction force is much larger and nearly velocity independent. For both types of systems the width of the contact region is velocity independent even when, for the commensurate case, the frictional shear stress increases from zero (before sliding) to ≈0.1MPa during sliding. This frictional shear stress, and the elastic modulus used, are typical for polydimethylsiloxane rubber sliding on a glass surface, and we conclude that the reduction in the contact area observed in some experiments when increasing the tangential force must be due to effects not included in our model study, such as viscoelasticity or elastic nonlinearity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- PGI-1, FZ Jülich, Germany, European Union and College of Science, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - A Tiwari
- PGI-1, FZ Jülich, Germany, European Union
| | | | - I M Sivebaek
- PGI-1, FZ Jülich, Germany, European Union; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark, European Union; and Novo Nordisk Device R & D, DK-3400 Hillerød, Denmark, European Union
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Tiwari A, Wang J, Persson BNJ. Adhesion paradox: Why adhesion is usually not observed for macroscopic solids. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:042803. [PMID: 33212630 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.042803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The adhesion paradox refers to the observation that for most solid objects no adhesion can be detected when they are separated from a state of molecular contact. The adhesion paradox results from surface roughness, and we present experimental and theoretical results that show that adhesion in most cases is "killed" by the longest-wavelength roughness. In addition, adhesion experiments between a human finger and a clean glass plate were carried out, and for a dry finger no macroscopic adhesion occurred. We suggest that the observed decrease in the contact area with increasing shear force results from nonadhesive finger-glass contact mechanics, involving large deformations of complex layered material.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tiwari
- PGI-1, FZ Jülich, Germany, Jülich 52428, European Union
| | - J Wang
- PGI-1, FZ Jülich, Germany, Jülich 52428, European Union.,College of Science, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - B N J Persson
- PGI-1, FZ Jülich, Germany, Jülich 52428, European Union
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Granulomatous lung diseases (GLD) are heterogeneous group of diseases that can be broadly categorized as infectious or noninfectious. This distinction is extremely important, as the misdiagnosis of a GLD can have serious consequences. In this manuscript, we describe the clinical manifestations, histopathology, and diagnostic approach to GLD. We propose an algorithm to distinguish infectious from noninfectious GLD. AREAS COVERED We have searched PubMed and Medline database from 1950 to December 2019, using multiple keywords as described below. Major GLDs covered include those caused by mycobacteria and fungi, sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and vasculidities. EXPERT OPINION The cause of infectious GLD is usually identified through microbiological culture and molecular techniques. Most noninfectious GLD are diagnosed by clinical and laboratory criteria, often with exclusion of infectious pathogens. Further understanding of the immunopathogenesis of the granulomatous response may allow improved diagnosis and treatment of GLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Chopra
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center , NY, USA
| | - Vaidehi Avadhani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University , Atlanta, USA
| | - Anupama Tiwari
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center , NY, USA
| | - Ellen C Riemer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina , SC, USA
| | - Gabriel Sica
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University , Atlanta, USA
| | - Marc A Judson
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center , NY, USA
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Nevrekar V, Choudhary P, Tiwari A, Suryaprakash V, Upadhyay A. 908P Impact of serum galactomannan assay on diagnosis and outcome of invasive fungal infections in high risk febrile neutropenia: A prospective cohort study. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Overmyer KA, Shishkova E, Miller IJ, Balnis J, Bernstein MN, Peters-Clarke TM, Meyer JG, Quan Q, Muehlbauer LK, Trujillo EA, He Y, Chopra A, Chieng HC, Tiwari A, Judson MA, Paulson B, Brademan DR, Zhu Y, Serrano LR, Linke V, Drake LA, Adam AP, Schwartz BS, Singer HA, Swanson S, Mosher DF, Stewart R, Coon JJ, Jaitovich A. Large-scale Multi-omic Analysis of COVID-19 Severity. medRxiv 2020:2020.07.17.20156513. [PMID: 32743614 PMCID: PMC7388490 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.17.20156513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We performed RNA-Seq and high-resolution mass spectrometry on 128 blood samples from COVID-19 positive and negative patients with diverse disease severities. Over 17,000 transcripts, proteins, metabolites, and lipids were quantified and associated with clinical outcomes in a curated relational database, uniquely enabling systems analysis and cross-ome correlations to molecules and patient prognoses. We mapped 219 molecular features with high significance to COVID-19 status and severity, many involved in complement activation, dysregulated lipid transport, and neutrophil activation. We identified sets of covarying molecules, e.g., protein gelsolin and metabolite citrate or plasmalogens and apolipoproteins, offering pathophysiological insights and therapeutic suggestions. The observed dysregulation of platelet function, blood coagulation, acute phase response, and endotheliopathy further illuminated the unique COVID-19 phenotype. We present a web-based tool (covid-omics.app) enabling interactive exploration of our compendium and illustrate its utility through a comparative analysis with published data and a machine learning approach for prediction of COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Overmyer
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Evgenia Shishkova
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Ian J. Miller
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Joseph Balnis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Trenton M. Peters-Clarke
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Jesse G. Meyer
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Qiuwen Quan
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Laura K. Muehlbauer
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Edna A. Trujillo
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Yuchen He
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Amit Chopra
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Hau C. Chieng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Anupama Tiwari
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Marc A. Judson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Brett Paulson
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Dain R. Brademan
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Yunyun Zhu
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Lia R. Serrano
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Vanessa Linke
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Lisa A. Drake
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Alejandro P. Adam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Harold A. Singer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Scott Swanson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Deane F. Mosher
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Ron Stewart
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Joshua J. Coon
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Ariel Jaitovich
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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Conuel EJ, Chieng HC, Fantauzzi J, Pokhrel K, Goldman C, Smith TC, Tiwari A, Chopra A, Judson MA. Cannabinoid Oil Vaping-Associated Lung Injury and its Radiographic Appearance. Am J Med 2020; 133:865-867. [PMID: 31751528 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung injury associated with cannabinoid oil vaping is rapidly becoming a serious public health concern. We describe the clinical and radiographic presentations of 5 patients with lung injury associated with vaping cannabinoid oils seen at a single institution. RESULTS Of the 5 patients with suspected vaping-associated lung injury seen at our institution, 4 required supplemental oxygen, and all these 4 were admitted to the hospital. Three patients required admission to the intensive care unit. None of the patients required mechanical ventilation. All patients demonstrated a consistent radiologic appearance of diffuse bilateral ground-glass lung opacities that spared the extreme periphery. Three patients underwent bronchoalveolar lavage, which revealed lipid-laden macrophages in 2 of them. All patients were successfully discharged from the hospital. Four received only supportive care, while the fifth required intravenous followed by oral corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS We report the clinical and radiographic presentation of 5 patients at our institution with cannabinoid oil vaping-associated lung injury. All patients displayed a consistent chest radiographic pattern of injury. Most responded to supportive care, although one required the addition of corticosteroids. Bronchoalveolar lavage results suggest that this injury may related to a toxic form of lipoid pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hau C Chieng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amit Chopra
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
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Singh M, Pawar M, Bothra A, Maheshwari A, Dubey V, Tiwari A, Kelati A. Personal protective equipment induced facial dermatoses in healthcare workers managing Coronavirus disease 2019. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:e378-e380. [PMID: 32396675 PMCID: PMC7272982 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Singh
- Department of Dermatology, JK Medical College & LN Hospital, Bhopal, India
| | - M Pawar
- Department of Dermatology, MVP's Dr. V.P Medical College& Hospital & Research Center, Nashik, India
| | - A Bothra
- Department of Dermatology, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - A Maheshwari
- Consultant Dermatologist, Private Practice, New Delhi, India
| | - V Dubey
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, JK Medical College & LN Hospital, Bhopal, India
| | - A Tiwari
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal, India
| | - A Kelati
- Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
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Pathak Y, Shukla PK, Tiwari A, Stalin S, Singh S, Shukla PK. Deep Transfer Learning Based Classification Model for COVID-19 Disease. Ing Rech Biomed 2020; 43:87-92. [PMID: 32837678 PMCID: PMC7238986 DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 infection is increasing at a rapid rate, with the availability of limited number of testing kits. Therefore, the development of COVID-19 testing kits is still an open area of research. Recently, many studies have shown that chest Computed Tomography (CT) images can be used for COVID-19 testing, as chest CT images show a bilateral change in COVID-19 infected patients. However, the classification of COVID-19 patients from chest CT images is not an easy task as predicting the bilateral change is defined as an ill-posed problem. Therefore, in this paper, a deep transfer learning technique is used to classify COVID-19 infected patients. Additionally, a top-2 smooth loss function with cost-sensitive attributes is also utilized to handle noisy and imbalanced COVID-19 dataset kind of problems. Experimental results reveal that the proposed deep transfer learning-based COVID-19 classification model provides efficient results as compared to the other supervised learning models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Pathak
- Department of Information Technology, Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT-Bhopal), Bhopal (MP), 462003, India
| | - P K Shukla
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, School of Engineering & Technology, Jagran Lake City University (JLU), Bhopal-462044 (MP), India
| | - A Tiwari
- Department of CSE & IT, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior-474005 (MP), India
| | - S Stalin
- Department of CSE, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT), Bhopal, MP, 462003, India
| | - S Singh
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur-482001 (MP), India
| | - P K Shukla
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University Institute of Technology, RGPV, Bhopal (MP), 462033, India
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Conuel EJ, Chieng HC, Fantauzzi J, Pokhrel K, Goldman C, Smith TC, Tiwari A, Chopra A, Judson MA. The Reply. Am J Med 2020; 133:e206-e207. [PMID: 32450951 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Conuel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical College, New York.
| | - Hau C Chieng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical College, New York
| | | | - Kiran Pokhrel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical College, New York
| | - Chananya Goldman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical College, New York
| | - Thomas C Smith
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical College, New York
| | - Anupama Tiwari
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical College, New York
| | - Amit Chopra
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical College, New York
| | - Marc A Judson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical College, New York
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Tiwari A, Hadley JA, Ramachandran R. Characterization of ascites-derived aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive ovarian cancer stem cells isolated from Leghorn chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2203-2214. [PMID: 32241506 PMCID: PMC7587724 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Leghorn chickens are used as a preclinical model of ovarian cancer as they develop epithelial ovarian adenocarcinoma spontaneously at a very high frequency. Ovarian cancer is the most lethal disease among all gynecological malignancies in women. A small proportion of ovarian cancer stem cells are responsible for drug resistance and relapse of ovarian cancer. The objectives of this study are to isolate ovarian cancer stem cells from ascites of Leghorn chickens that spontaneously developed ovarian cancer and to determine their invasiveness, spheroid formation in three-dimensional culture devoid of extracellular matrix over several months. Ovarian cancer cells obtained from ascites were subjected to ALDEFLOUR assay that measures aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity to separate ALDH1+ and ALDH1- cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The cells were cultured using serum-free media for up to 6 mo in ultra-low attachment plates. Invasiveness of ALDH1+ and ALDH1- cells was determined by Matrigel invasion assay. Cellular uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein was evaluated. A small proportion (<4.75%) of ovarian cancer cells isolated from ascites were found to be ALDH1+ cells. ALDH1+ cells formed a greater number of spheroids and were also highly invasive in extracellular matrix compared to ALDH1- cells. Several spheroids developed 0.1- to 1-mm-long capillary-like tubules connecting other spheroids, thus forming a complex network that underwent remodeling over several months. Cells in the spheroids incorporated acetylated low-density lipoprotein suggestive of scavenger receptor activity. In summary, ALDH1+ ovarian cancer stem cells isolated from ascites of chickens appear to be invasive and form spheroids with complex networks of tubules reminiscent of vascular mimicry. Understanding the structure and function of spheroids and tubular network would provide valuable insight into the biology of ovarian cancer and improve poultry health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Tiwari
- Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Jill A Hadley
- Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Ramesh Ramachandran
- Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
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Tiwari A, Barwad PARAG, Dabi UMA. P268 Anomalies of pulmonary arteries in Tetralogy of Fallot in developing countries: study of 100 cases in indian population. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehz872.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction in some or other form is one of the major components of Tetralogy of Fallot. It can occur at any level, isolated or in combination, from Infundibulum (most common), Pulmonary valve, Main pulmonary artery, Right and Left pulmonary arteries and up to their segmental branches. Incidence of pulmonary artery anomalies are reported between 15-20%, though some reported as high as 40%.
Purpose
The objective of this retrospective observational study is to determine the presence and degree of pulmonary artery abnormalities and associated cardiac defects in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot and to define the pulmonary arterial anatomy to guide the further surgical management.
Method
A total of 100 newly diagnosed or follow up cases of TOF irrespective of age (range 5 days- 32 years) and gender (32 female, 68 male) who were planned for surgical management and referred for evaluation of pulmonary artery anatomy. All patient underwent non-ECG gated CT pulmonary Angiography in Toshiba 64 slice CT scanner. CT data was analyzed retrospectively to look for cardiac and pulmonary artery anatomy by one independent observer having experience in cardiac radiology.
Results
92 patient had infundibular and valvular stenosis and 8 patients has atretic pulmonary valve with additional supravalvar pulmonary stenosis in 17% patient. Out of total 100 patients, 35% had pulmonary artery abnormalities. This included 19 patient (19%) with isolated main pulmonary artery (MPA) abnormality, 6 % had isolated left pulmonary artery (LPA) abnormality, 2 had isolated right pulmonary artery abnormality, 4% had combined MPA and LPA abnormality, 2% had combined MPA and RPA abnormalities and 1% patient had all 3 (MPA,LPA,RPA) involvement in form of stenosis or hypoplasia. As TOF is commonly associated with other cardiac structural anomalies, we encountered following associations in our study – aortopulmonary collaterals (37%), Patent ductus arteriosus (29%), right sided aortic arch (19%), bilateral superior vena cava (10%), bovine arch (3%), double aortic arch (2%), d malposition of great vessels (2%), l malposition of great vessels (1%), situs inversus (1%), dextrocardia (1%), annuloaortic ectasia (1%) aortopulmonary window (1%) and cardiac totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection (1%).
Conclusions
Anomalies of pulmonary arteries are important determinant of surgical outcome of TOF patients. CT angiography is now established modality to delineate pulmonary artery and other anatomical details in TOF patient. Pulmonary artery anomaly can range from isolated branch pulmonary stenosis to diffuse hypoplasia of pulmonary vasculature, based on which management can differ from complete correction to palliative or medical management only. Our study emphasize the importance of pulmonary artery evaluation and its variation among patients of TOF.
Abstract P268 Figure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tiwari
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - PARAG Barwad
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - U M A Dabi
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Tiwari A, Honingh C, Ensing B. Accurate calculation of zero point energy from molecular dynamics simulations of liquids and their mixtures. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:244124. [PMID: 31893925 DOI: 10.1063/1.5131145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The two-phase thermodynamic (2PT) method is used to compute the zero point energy (ZPE) of several liquids and their mixtures. The 2PT method uses the density of states (DoS), which is computed from the velocity autocorrelation (VAC) function obtained from a short classical molecular dynamics trajectory. By partitioning the VAC and the DoS of a fluid into solid and gaslike components, quantum mechanical corrections to thermodynamical properties can be computed. The ZPE is obtained by combining the partition function of the quantum harmonic oscillator with the vibrational part of the solidlike DoS. The resulting ZPE is found to be in excellent agreement with both experimental and ab initio results. Solvent effects such as hydrogen bonding and polarization can be included by the utilization of ab initio density functional theory based molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that these effects significantly influence the DoS of water molecules. The obtained results demonstrate that the 2PT model is a powerful method for efficient ZPE calculations, in particular, to account for solvent effects and polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tiwari
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Honingh
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Ensing
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Gupta PK, Lal P, Tiwari A. A case report of carcinoma of uterine cervix throwing heterochronous metastasis to the skin, spleen, and pancreas: the role of multimodality treatment approach. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2019; 31:8. [PMID: 32372163 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-019-0009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer of cervix often fails locally and/or within the pelvis. One to two percent of cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients have lung metastases at presentation, and 5-35% develop pulmonary metastases later on. Common sites of metastases are the liver, bone, and bowel. We report a rare case presentation of cervical squamous cell cancer where heterochronous metastasis occurred in the skin, spleen, and pancreas without loco-regional recurrence and skipping of visceral organs such as the lung, liver, and brain. CASE PRESENTATION A 55-year-old, postmenopausal lady presented with a complaint of bleeding of the vagina for 2 months duration. Cervical biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, and she was staged as a case of FIGO stage IIIB. She received external beam-beam radiotherapy of 50 Gy in 25 fractions along with concurrent weekly cisplatin at 35 mg/m2 followed by 3 fractions of intracavitary brachytherapy of 6 Gy each. After 30 months of follow-up, she presented with a skin lesion of 6 × 5 cm2 in the infrascapular region for 2 months duration. Biopsy revealed metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. Her metastatic work-up revealed no other lesions. Palliative radiotherapy to local site of 8 Gy in single fraction was delivered. The lesion disappeared within 4 weeks. She was given 6 cycles of cisplatin and paclitaxel salvage chemotherapy. After 30 months of follow-up, she presented with a skin lesion of 6 × 5 cm2 in the infrascapular region. Biopsy revealed metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. Her metastatic work-up revealed no other lesions. Palliative radiotherapy to the local site was planned, and a dose of 8 Gy in a single fraction was delivered. The lesion disappeared within 4 weeks. She was given 6 cycles of cisplatin and paclitaxel salvage chemotherapy. Six months after the completion of salvage therapy, she reported with the complaints of recurrent bouts of hematemesis and melena. Her CECT scan revealed 2 × 1.5 cm2 growth in the body of the pancreas and a subcentric splenic hilum node. She underwent open splenectomy with distal pancreatectomy. Histopathology report showed metastatic infiltration in pancreatic tissue by squamous cell carcinoma and one metastatic node in the splenic hilum. Post-treatment, 6 months, the patient was asymptomatic with no recurrence. CONCLUSIONS This is a rare heterochronous metastatic presentation of cervical cancer without loco-regional recurrence and visceral organs such as the lung, liver, and brain. The optimal treatment remains undefined for these patients. Multimodality treatment is necessary to manage the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Super Speciality Cancer Institute and Hospital, C.G. City, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India.
| | - P Lal
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - A Tiwari
- Royal Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract
We have developed a theory of air leakage at interfaces between two elastic solids with application to suction cups in contact with randomly rough surfaces. We present an equation for the airflow in narrow constrictions which interpolates between the diffusive and ballistic (Knudsen) air-flow limits. To test the theory, we performed experiments using two different suction cups, made from soft polyvinylchloride (PVC), in contact with sandblasted polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) plates. We found that the measured time to detach (lifetime) of the suction cups was in good agreement with theory, except for surfaces with a root-mean-square (rms) roughness below ≈1 μm, where diffusion of plasticizer from the PVC to the PMMA surface caused blockage of critical constrictions. The suction cup volume, stiffness, and elastic modulus have a huge influence on the air leakage and hence the failure time of the cups. Based on our research we propose an improved biomimetic design of suction cups that could show improved failure times with varying degrees of roughness under dry and wet environments.
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Abstract
We study the temperature and velocity dependency of rolling friction. Steel and PMMA cylinders are rolled on sheets of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), with and without filler, and fluoroelastomer (FKM) with filler. Measurements of the rolling friction are performed for temperatures between -40 °C and 20 °C, and for velocities between 5 μm s-1 and 0.5 cm s-1. For the unfilled NBR, a smooth rolling friction master curve is obtained using the bulk viscoelastic frequency-temperature shift factor aT. For the filled rubber compounds, a small deviation from the bulk viscoelastic shift factor is observed at low temperatures. The experimental data are analyzed using an analytical theory of rolling friction. For the filled compounds, good agreement with theory is obtained when strain softening is included, which increases the rolling friction by a factor ∼2 for the filled FKM and ∼3 for the filled NBR compounds. For the unfilled NBR, the maximum of the rolling friction occurs at higher sliding speeds than predicted by the theory. We discuss the role of the adhesive (crack-opening) contribution to the rolling friction, and the role of frozen-in elastic deformations as the rubber is cooled down below the rubber glass transition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N Miyashita
- The Yokohama Rubber Company, 2-1 Oiwake, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-8601, Japan
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Tiwari A, Dwivedi S, Chandra S, Chaudhary G, Sharma A, Pradhan A, Vishwakarma P, Bhandari M, Narain V. Early Discharge after Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Early Experience from a High Volume Tertiary Care Center in India. Indian Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2019.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Tiwari A, Chaudhary G, Chandra S, Dwivedi S. IVC web angioplasty in a asymptomatic adult with primary budd-chiari syndrome. Indian Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2019.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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48
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Khanukaeva D, Filippov A, Yadav P, Tiwari A. Creeping flow of micropolar fluid through a swarm of cylindrical cells with porous layer (membrane). J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tiwari A, Dwivedi S, Chandra S, Chaudhary G, Sharma A, Sethi R, Pradhan A, Vishwakarma P, Bhandari M, Narain V. Prevalence of single and double vessel disease in aVR ST-segment elevation (aVR-STE) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) by coronary angiography. Indian Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2019.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
Chondroblastoma is a benign bone tumor, represents 1%–2% of all primary bone tumors, typically seen in patients 10–25-year-old and more common in males. It occurs most frequently in the distal femur, proximal tibia, and proximal humerus. Soft tissue extension is extremely rare. Adjacent joints may develop effusions, but the tumor mass protruding into the joint has never been seen in case of chondroblastoma. We report a rare case of intra-articular chondroblastoma arising from proximal tibia in a 16-year-old boy and growing into the knee joint mimicking an intra-articular osteochondroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Karkhur
- Department of Orthopaedics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - A Tiwari
- Department of Orthopaedics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - T Verma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - L Maini
- Department of Orthopaedics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
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