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Pancreaticopleural fistula causing pleural effusion: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2024; 18:131. [PMID: 38549170 PMCID: PMC10979574 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04457-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreaticopleural fistula is a rare complication of pancreatitis and poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This case report sheds light on the unique challenges posed by pancreaticopleural fistula as a rare complication of pancreatitis. The aim is to contribute valuable insights to the scientific literature by presenting a case involving a middle-aged man with acute necrotizing pancreatitis and associated pleural effusion. CASE PRESENTATION A 41-year-old Asian male with a history of pancreatitis and chronic alcohol use presented with severe dyspnea, chest pain, and left-sided pleural effusion. Elevated serum amylase lipase levels and imaging confirmed acute necrotizing pancreatitis with a computed tomography severity index of 8/10. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed pancreatic necrosis and pseudocyst formation and findings suggestive of pancreaticopleural fistula. The patient was then treated with octreotide therapy. CONCLUSION The management of pancreaticopleural fistula demands a comprehensive and individualized approach. Recognition guided by high clinical suspicion coupled with appropriate investigations and a careful balance between medical, endoscopic, and surgical interventions is crucial for achieving favorable outcomes. This case report adds to the scientific literature by providing insights into the complexities of pancreaticopleural fistula and emphasizing the importance of personalized strategies in its management.
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A detailed multi-omics analysis of GNB2 gene in human cancers. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e260169. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.260169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The Guanine-nucleotide binding protein 2 (GNB2) encodes for β2 subunit (Gβ2) of the G-protein complex. Keeping in view the increased demand of reliable biomarkers in cancer, the current study was planned to extensively explored GNB2 expression variation and its roles in different cancers using online available databases and diverse methodology. In view of our results, the GNB2 was notably up-regulated relative to corresponding controls in twenty three cancer types. As well, the elevated expression of GNB2 was found to be associated with the reduced overall survival (OS) of the Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (LIHC) and Rectum Adenocarcinoma (READ) only out of all analyzed cancer types. This implies GNB2 plays vital role in the tumorigenesis of LIHC and READ. Several additional analysis also explored six critical pathways and few important correlations related to GNB2 expression and different other parameters such as promoter methylation, tumor purity, CD8+ T immune cells infiltration, and genetic alteration, and chemotherapeutic drugs. In conclusion, GNB2 gene has been identified in this study as a shared potential biomarker (diagnostic and prognostic) of LIHC and READ.
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The elevation of a unique population of Corynosoma strumosum (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) from the Caspian seal, Pusa caspica, in the Caspian Sea to Corynosoma neostrumosum n. sp. - CORRIGENDUM. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e74. [PMID: 37807853 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
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Lipoma of the middle finger in an elderly male: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 111:108801. [PMID: 37703697 PMCID: PMC10502331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Lipomas are common benign tumors originating from adipocytes, often found in adipose-rich regions of the body. Lipomas in the fingers are rare, and their occurrence in acral areas is even more exceptional. We present a case of an elderly male with a lipoma on the middle finger of his left hand, highlighting the rarity of this presentation and the importance of surgical management. CASE PRESENTATION A 70-year-old male presented with a painless swelling on the palmar aspect of his left middle finger. The mass had gradually enlarged over two years, without associated symptoms. Physical examination revealed a soft, painless mass between the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints, with intact finger function. Surgical excision was performed successfully, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a benign lipoma. CLINICAL DISCUSSION Lipomas are most commonly found in adipose-rich areas but rarely manifest in the fingers. Surgical intervention is considered when symptoms arise or for cosmetic reasons. In this case, the patient's desire for symptom relief and the potential for compression-related issues justified surgical excision. Surgical management of finger lipomas has shown positive outcomes with minimal complications and low recurrence rates. CONCLUSION This case emphasizes the importance of considering lipomas in the differential diagnosis of painless finger swellings, even in atypical locations. Surgical intervention can provide effective symptom relief and prevent potential complications. While this case contributes to our understanding of finger lipomas, further research and long-term follow-up are needed to enhance our knowledge of these rare occurrences and their management.
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The elevation of a unique population of Corynosoma strumosum (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) from the Caspian seal, Pusa caspica, in the Caspian Sea to Corynosoma neostrumosum n. sp. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e66. [PMID: 37578013 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
An isolated population of 700 specimens initially described as Corynosoma strumosum (Rudolphi, 1802) Lühe, 1904 and currently reassigned to Corynosoma neostrumosum n. sp. was collected from one young male Caspian seal, Pusa caspica (Gmelin) in the southern land-locked Caspian Sea in April 2009. Collected worms were morphologically unique compared with those reported by other observers in open waters, especially in shape and distribution of proboscis hooks and trunk spines, dorso-ventral differences in proboscis hooks and their organization, the baldness of anterior proboscis, consistently smaller size of trunk and testes, larger eggs, the rough egg topography, epidermal micropores, and variations in the female gonopore. Molecular data from the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA and the mitochondrial cox1 gene was also provided to supplement the morphological study of the new species.
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Neutronic analyses for the equatorial diagnostic port plug #12 in ITER. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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Mean Brixia Severity Scores among Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2023; 61:455-459. [PMID: 37203888 PMCID: PMC10896441 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.8165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 is a highly contagious viral disease which escalated into a global pandemic since its outbreak on 31 December 2019. Chest X-rays are the most common investigation in suspected cases to diagnose and manage pneumonia. The aim of this study was to find out the mean Brixia severity scores among symptomatic COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care centre. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the chest X-rays of symptomatic COVID-19-positive patients of a tertiary care centre. Data from 1 May 2021 to 31 July 2021 were collected between 1 August 2022 and 1 January 2023 from the hospital records. Ethical approval was taken from Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 01-079/080). Patients with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction with symptoms of COVID-19 were included in this study. Convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results Among the total of 300 patients, the mean Brixia severity score was 7.15±5.07 and out of 235 patients with abnormal chest X-ray, the mean Brixia severity score was 9.13±3.84. A total of 68 (22.66%) patients had mild, 115 (38.33%) had moderate and 52 (17.33%) had severe scores. Conclusions The mean Brixia severity score among symptomatic COVID-19 patients was found to be higher than the other studies done in similar settings. Keywords COVID-19; Nepal; pneumonia; prevalence; x-ray.
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Revision of Corynosoma australe Johnston, 1937 (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) from a North American population using novel SEM images, Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis, and molecular analysis. Helminthologia 2023; 60:1-27. [PMID: 37305667 PMCID: PMC10251761 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2023-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a population of the acanthocephalan Corynosoma australe Johnston, 1937 (Polymorphidae) from a California sea lion Zalophus californianus (Lesson, 1828) in California using novel scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, Energy Dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA), and molecular analysis for the first time. The taxonomic history of C. australe is replete with accounts using only line drawings some of which proved erroneous. The distribution of ventral spines on the female trunk has been the primary distinction between C. australe and Corynosoma obtuscens Lincicome, 1943, its junior synonym; being continuous in the latter but discontinuous posteriorly in the former species. The distribution of ventral spines is invariably discontinuous in males. Our redescription and SEM images help to resolve this issue further validating the synonymy. Morphological variability has been documented between our California population and others from various host species in California, South Australia, South Shetlands, and the Argentinian coast. Our SEM images document features not previously detectable in line drawings, erroneously reported or missed in previous accounts. The EDXA spectra show high levels of calcium and phosphorous and low levels of sulfur characteristic of C. australe. EDXA for other species of Corynosoma Lühe, 1904 provide support for the diagnostic distinction of C. australe. EDXA spectra were shown to be species specific and have diagnostic value in the taxonomy of the Acanthocephala. Our molecular analysis used amplification of 18S of ribosomal DNA and cytochrome c oxidase 1 (Cox1) gene. Phylogenetic analyses for Cox1 gene revealed a close relationship between Corynosoma hannae Zdzitowiecki, 1984 and C. australe. The phylogenetic trees confirmed that the isolates belonged to C. australe. The haplotype network inferred by Cox1 with C. australe sequences revealed that haplotypes clearly separated from each other and formed clusters related to samples from the Northern Hemisphere (the USA and Mexico), and the second from the Southern Hemisphere (Argentina, Brazil and Peru).
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Computational Characterization of Xyloketal B with Human C-Reactive Protein For Management of Kawasaki Disease (KD). CARDIOMETRY 2023. [DOI: 10.18137/cardiometry.2023.26.398403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common underlying cause of acquired cardiovascular disease in developed countries is Kawasaki disease (KD), a systemic vasculitis. The most serious and common consequence of KD is the growth of coronary artery involvement, however therapy with intravenous gammaglobulin can minimized this issue. There are various limitations of using intravenous gammaglobulin which further make researchers to look for alternative medicine. It has been found that marine natural products and compounds from natural sources are having cardioprotective nature. The present research aims at filling the gap with computational analysis to explore the target ability y of Xyloketal B on human C-Reactive Protein having vital role in Kawasaki disease. It has been found that the marine compound has the ability to inhibit CRP with considerable negative biding energy of-8.47Kcal/mol. The present stdy may aid researchers to explore new invention having the potential for enzymatic and chemical modification of the molecule for the management of KD. Patients having a history of coronary artery disease, involvement are encouraged to have long-term follow-up.
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A Case of Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome in a 13-year-old: A Case Report. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2023; 61:274-276. [DOI: 10.31729/jnma.8073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile polyposis syndrome is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterised by hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract and has a high risk for colon carcinoma. This case explores the presentation of multiple polyps throughout the gastrointestinal tract, located in the stomach, proximal duodenum, colon, rectum and up to the anal canal. The locations and number of these polyps themselves were not typical and the histopathological studies suggested the condition to be an inflammatory fibroid polyp, which is a rare, benign and solitary neoplasm. Prompt and accurate diagnostic modality remains the keystone in the identification and management of such condition which was a limitation in this case as the patient was lost to follow up before a definitive diagnosis was made.
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Arthroscopic Debridement for Mucoid Degeneration of Anterior Cruciate Ligament - A Single Institution Experience from Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2023; 21:17-22. [PMID: 37800420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Mucoid degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament is characterized by infiltration of mucoid-like material scattered throughout the anterior cruciate ligament substance. It is an uncommon condition, but previously, underdiagnosed or often misdiagnosed as an anterior cruciate ligament tear. Objective To present our early experiences with mucoid degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament in last five years in terms of clinical presentation and the outcomes of arthroscopic management. Method This was a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study on patient who received arthroscopic debridement for mucoid degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament in Dhulikhel Hospital over five years period (2017 May to 2022 April). Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scale that has been translated and validated to be used in local (Nepali) language and context was used for evaluation of outcome evaluation. Result Twenty-one patients of mean age 44.21 years, predominantly females (18), were managed in five years period. The mean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score was 16.33±10.47 with a range of 0 to 36 (11.57 to 21.09 at 95% confidence interval). The mean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score converted on a scale of 0 to 100 was 17. Thirteen patients had isolated Mucoid degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament whereas nine others had associated either meniscal tear or chondral lesions. Conclusion Mucoid degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament could be a cause of knee pain in middle-aged patients and arthroscopic debridement can improve the patient's symptoms and provide a good functional outcome.
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Organophosphorus Poisoning among Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of the Department of Internal Medicine in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2022; 60:766-769. [PMID: 36705124 PMCID: PMC9794948 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.7823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Organophosphates are potent cholinesterase inhibitors that when ingested in excessive amounts can be fatal. Organophosphorus poisoning has become an important clinical problem with increased mortality in the country from accidental or intentional ingestion of, or exposure to the pesticide. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of organophosphorus poisoning among patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of the Department of Internal Medicine in a tertiary care centre. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of the Department of Internal Medicine of a tertiary care centre after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 2003202205). The study was conducted between 1 February 2021 and 1 February 2022 using hospital records. Convenience sampling was done among the patients who met the eligibility criteria. The diagnosis of organophosphorus poisoning was made based on the patient's history, clinical examination and the measurement of serum acetylcholinesterase levels. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. RESULTS Among 1108 patients admitted, organophosphorus poisoning was seen in 50 (4.15%) (3.29-5.73, 95% Confidence Interval). CONCLUSIONS Our study found that the prevalence of organophosphorus poisoning was lower when compared to similar studies done in similar settings.
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Biofilm assemblage and activity on plastic in urban streams at a continental scale: Site characteristics are more important than substrate type. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155398. [PMID: 35469882 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fate of plastics in rivers is a key component of the global plastic cycle. Plastics entering freshwater ecosystems are colonized by microbial biofilms, and microbe-plastic interactions can influence ecosystem processes and plastic fate. While literature examining the role of geographic region on plastic biofilms is quickly expanding, research which covers large (i.e., continental) spatial scales and includes freshwater ecosystems is warranted. In addition, most research focuses on bacterial communities, while biofilm eukaryotes are less commonly studied. We assessed biofilm metabolism and community structure on plastic (foamed polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride; PVC) and natural substrates (unglazed ceramic tile) in urban streams spanning a nested geographic gradient in the continental United States. We measured biofilm biomass, community respiration, and chlorophyll a, in addition to assessing marker gene-based community diversity of bacterial, fungal, and algal assemblages. Results demonstrated some substrate-specific trends in biofilm characteristics, including higher biofilm biomass on polystyrene across sites, and lower diversity of bacterial assemblages on both types of plastic litter versus tile. However, there were no differences among substrates for chlorophyll, respiration, and the abundance and diversity of algal and fungal assemblages. Thus, we concluded that the primary driver of biofilm metabolism and community composition were site characteristics, rather than substrate type. Additional studies are needed to quantify which site-specific characteristics drive biofilm dynamics on plastic litter in streams (e.g., water chemistry, light, seasonality, hydrology). These results add to the growing literature on the biofilm 'plastisphere' in aquatic ecosystems, demonstrating that the factors which control the assembly and activity of biofilm communities on plastic substrates (including bacteria, algal, and fungal assemblages together) in urban streams are similar to those driving biofilm dynamics on natural substrates.
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Anti-bacterial activity of essential oils against multidrug-resistant foodborne pathogens isolated from raw milk. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e259449. [PMID: 35544793 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.259449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of pathogenic bacteria in food is considered as a primary cause of food-borne illness and food quality deterioration worldwide. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of five essential oils (EOs) against multidrug-resistant foodborne pathogens. In the current study Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas, and Klebsiella) and the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus were isolated from raw milk and biochemically characterized. The anti-bacterial effect of different antibiotics and EOs (thyme, oregano, lemongrass, mint, and rosemary) was determined using the standard disc diffusion method. The antibiogram study revealed that Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to penicillin while Staphylococcus was resistant to streptomycin, amoxicillin, and lincomycin. Moderate resistance was observed to doxycycline, amikacin, enrofloxacin, kanamycin and cefixime. Isolates were found less resistant to gentamycin, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. EOs showed a broad range of antimicrobial activity against all bacteria except P. aeruginosa. Of these, thyme was more effective against most of the multi-drug resistant bacterial strains and formed the largest zone of inhibition (26 mm) against Escherichia followed by oregano oil (18 mm) against Staphylococcus (p<0.05). Klebsiella spp and Citrobacter spp showed resistance to mint and lemongrass oil respectively. The EOs such as lemongrass, mint and rosemary were less active against all the bacteria. The findings of the recent study suggest the use of EOs as natural antibacterial agents for food preservation.
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M217 Six sigma metric evaluations of routine biochemistry parameters and glycated hemoglobin in a fully automated clinical chemistry laboratory. Clin Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Alcoholic Liver Disease among Patients Admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2022; 60:340-343. [PMID: 35633208 PMCID: PMC9252245 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.7434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alcoholic liver diseases comprise a spectrum of liver diseases including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Diagnosis at advanced stages is frequent for this condition and data regarding the prevalence of such patients at early stages are limited. The aim of this study is to find out the prevalence of alcoholic liver disease among patients admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine of a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 538 patients admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine of a tertiary care centre in Nepal between 3rd November, 2021 and 22nd February, 2022 after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee of the hospital (Reference number: 006-078/079). Convenience sampling was done. Data were collected and entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 24.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage for binary data along with mean and standard deviation for continuous data. Results: Among 538 patients, alcoholic liver disease was seen in 42 (7.80%) (5.53-10.07 at 95% Confidence Interval). The mean age of the patients was 53.85±10.88 years. Among these patients 25 (59.52%) were males and 17 (40.47%) of them were females. Conclusions: Our study showed that the prevalence of alcoholic liver disease was lower as compared to similarly reported literature.
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Pediatric osmotic demyelination syndrome in a case of type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic ketoacidosis. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e05584. [PMID: 35340640 PMCID: PMC8934147 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cautious treatment of hyponatremia in diabetic ketoacidosis is necessary in order to avoid the development of osmotic demyelination syndrome which is a demyelinating disorder. Individualized supportive therapy would be fruitful for the management of such cases but there is a need for larger studies to guide the management.
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Metabolic Syndrome among Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2022; 60:137-141. [PMID: 35210633 PMCID: PMC9200018 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.7221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovarian syndrome is associated with a long-term risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. This study aims to find the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome presenting to a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done on women attending the obstetrics and gynecology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital from June 2020 to May 2021. A total of 106 women diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome using Rotterdam criteria 2003 were recruited for the study and cases of metabolic syndrome was defined according to the modified American Heart Association/National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital (Reference number: 001-077/078). Convenience sampling was done. The collected data was entered and analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21. Calculation of point estimate at 95% confidence interval was done along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Among 106 women with polycystic ovarian syndrome, 50 (47.1%) had metabolic syndrome (37.59-56.60 at 95% Confidence Interval). The most common component of metabolic syndrome was low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 90 (84.9%) followed by central obesity in 60 (56.6%), hypertriglyceridemia in 47 (44.33%), high fasting sugar in 34 (32.07%), and high blood pressure in 14 (13.2%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among patients with the polycystic ovarian syndrome was similar to other studies done in similar settings.
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Hyponatremia in Chronic Liver Disease among Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2021; 59:1225-1228. [PMID: 35199775 PMCID: PMC9200023 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.7152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hyponatremia is a frequent problem in chronic liver disease. To the best of our knowledge, no study of hyponatremia in chronic liver disease has been conducted in our setting. The aim of this study is to study the prevalence of hyponatremia in patients with chronic liver disease attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 114 patients with chronic liver disease attending the out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal between November 2020 and July 2021. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital (Reference number: 028-077/078). Convenience sampling was done. The collected data was entered and analyzed in Microsoft Excel. Calculation of point estimate at 95% confidence interval was done along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Among the 114 patients with chronic liver disease studied, 47 (41.22%) (32.18-50.25 at 95% Confidence Interval) patients had hyponatremia (<130mmol/L) with mean age of 53.44±7.57years. Thirty (63.8%) patients out of these were males and 17 (36.2%) patients were females. Conclusions: The prevalence of hyponatremia among patients with chronic liver disease was found to be higher when compared to other similar studies.
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Low Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2021; 59:1030-1034. [PMID: 35199689 PMCID: PMC9107822 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.7070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is one of the common disorders prevalent among both developed and developing countries. Irritable Bowel Syndrome has been linked to many diseases and conditions, one of them being Vitamin D deficiency. To the best of our knowledge, no study of vitamin D deficiency status has been done yet in Nepalese setup. This study aims to find out the prevalence of low levels of Vitamin D in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal between November 2020 and July 2021. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital (Ref No: 027-077/078). Convenient sampling was done. The collected data was entered and analyzed in Microsoft Excel. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of a total of 71 patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome, the prevalence of low levels of vitamin D was 44 (61.97%) (95% Confidence Interval= 50.67-73.26). Out of the patients with low vitamin levels, insufficiency was seen in 23 (52.27%) and deficiency was seen in 21 (47.72%). Conclusions: Our study found the prevalence of low Vitamin D levels among patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome to be lower when compared to other studies.
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Optimized biotransformation of acid-treated water melon peel hydrolyzate into ethanol. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e253009. [PMID: 34495170 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.253009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, global focus of research is to explore the solution of energy crisis and environmental pollution. Like other agricultural countries, bulk quantities of watermelon peels (WMP) are disposed-off in environment as waste in Pakistan and appropriate management of this waste is the need of hour to save environment from pollution. The work emphasizes the role of ethanologenic yeasts to utilize significant sugars present in WMP for low-cost bioethanol fermentation. Dilute hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of WMP was carried out on optimized conditions employing RSM (response surface methodology) following central composite design (CCD). This experimental design is based on optimization of ethanologenesis involving some key independent parameters such as WMP hydrolysate and synthetic media ratio (X1), incubation temperature (X2) and incubation temperature (X3) for maximal ethanol yield exploiting standard (Saccharomyces cerevisiae K7) as well as experimental (Metchnikowia cibodasensisY34) yeasts. The results revealed that maximal ethanol yields obtained from S. cerevisiae K7 was 0.36±0.02 g/g of reducing sugars whereas M. cibodasensisY34, yielded 0.40±0.01 g ethanol/g of reducing sugars. The yeast isolate M. cibodasensisY34 appeared as promising ethanologen and embodies prospective potential for fermentative valorization of WMP-to-bioethanol.
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Pattern of third molar impactions in north-eastern peninsular Malaysia: A 10-year retrospective study. Niger J Clin Pract 2021; 24:1028-1036. [PMID: 34290179 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_499_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Third molar impaction, if left untreated, has the potential to cause several complications. The evaluation of surgical difficulty of impacted third molar extraction aids in better formulation of treatment plan by minimizing surgical complications. Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence of third molar impaction and related pathologic conditions in a cohort of patients living in North-eastern Peninsular Malaysia. Methods In this retrospective study, 490 orthopantomograms (OPGs) of patients who were referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department between January 2010 and December 2019 were assessed. Data including age, gender, ethnicity, frequency of third molar impactions, their angulations and levels of eruption, retromolar space, and associated pathologic conditions were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0. The significance level was set to P < 0.05. Results A total of 490 patients with a mean age of 28.87 years (range: 20-64) demonstrated 1957 impacted third molars (1022 mandibular + 935 maxillary). Impacted third molars were more likely present in females than males (1:2.20) (p < 0.05); and in Malay-ethnic (44.49%) patients followed by Chinese (34.45%) and Indians (21.02%). Mesioangular was the most common angulation of impaction both in the maxilla (24.68%) and mandible (18.34%). The most common pattern of third molar impaction was IIA (61.67%), and the retromolar space was significantly larger in males (13.6 mm; P < 0.05) than females (11.6 mm). The most frequently occurring pathological condition associated with third molars impaction is dental caries in the second or third molar (15.38%). Conclusions This study highlights mesioangular impaction with their occlusal plane at the same level as the occlusal plane of the adjacent tooth being the most prevalent pattern of third molar impaction in North-eastern Peninsular Malaysia.
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Migraine Associated with Menstruation An Overlooked Trigger. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2021; 59:611-613. [PMID: 34508410 PMCID: PMC8369556 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.6332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Menstrual migraine is a condition in females, where headaches are linked with menstruation and may be debilitating. Hormonal fluctuations could have a key role in migraine etiopathogenesis, as several women experience that their migraine attacks correlate with their menstrual cycle. Estrogen withdrawal appears to have a significant role in migraine associated with menstrual cycles, despite the fact that its pathophysiology is not well known. The treatment method can also vary from that used to treat nonmenstrual migraines. However, with proper identification and management of the condition, it can be bearable. This article highlights some portions of what is known about migraine, its triggers including the experience of a sufferer and aims to provide readers with a better understanding of migraine in women by understanding these aspects of the condition.
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Role of SiO2 optically active mediators to tailor optical and electro-optical properties of ferroelectric liquid crystalline nanocomposites. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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P2X7 receptor polymorphisms and susceptibility to tuberculosis in a North Indian Punjabi population. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2018; 22:884-889. [DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Association of Socio-Demographic Profile with Prevalence of Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis among Retreated Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in North India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v16i1.23238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Methods: An observational cross sectional study, which includes 116 patients of sputum smear positive pulmonary TB of age 18 or above. Further, detailed history taking regarding different demographic profile was done. Also, they were subjected to CB-NAAT and rifampicin resistant cases were considered as MDR-TB.
Results: Proportion of MDR-TB was 31.89% among retreatment TB cases. 56.75 % (n=21) of MDR-TB cases were between the age group of 21-40 years. Proportion of MDR-TB was higher among males (75.67%), married (59.45%) and rural dwellers 59.45%. Proportion was 61.76% among patients with BMI <16; 31.57% with BMI 16-16.99, 28.57% with BMI 17-18.49 and 5.7% with BMI 18.50-24.99. MDRTB proportion was less 29.72% (n=11) in patients with history of TB contact in family. Pulmonary TB including MDR-TB was more common among illiterates (37.83% among MDR).
Conclusion: Proportion of MDR-TB was high among retreatment cases in north India. Among them low BMI and education status are modifiable factor and this study signifies that MDR-TB burden can be reduced by improving health and education status of patient.
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Magnetite and Green Rust: Synthesis, Properties, and Environmental Applications of Mixed-Valent Iron Minerals. Chem Rev 2018; 118:3251-3304. [PMID: 29465223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-valent iron [Fe(II)-Fe(III)] minerals such as magnetite and green rust have received a significant amount of attention over recent decades, especially in the environmental sciences. These mineral phases are intrinsic and essential parts of biogeochemical cycling of metals and organic carbon and play an important role regarding the mobility, toxicity, and redox transformation of organic and inorganic pollutants. The formation pathways, mineral properties, and applications of magnetite and green rust are currently active areas of research in geochemistry, environmental mineralogy, geomicrobiology, material sciences, environmental engineering, and environmental remediation. These aspects ultimately dictate the reactivity of magnetite and green rust in the environment, which has important consequences for the application of these mineral phases, for example in remediation strategies. In this review we discuss the properties, occurrence, formation by biotic as well as abiotic pathways, characterization techniques, and environmental applications of magnetite and green rust in the environment. The aim is to present a detailed overview of the key aspects related to these mineral phases which can be used as an important resource for researchers working in a diverse range of fields dealing with mixed-valent iron minerals.
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Blocking of cytokines signalling attenuates evoked and spontaneous neuropathic pain behaviours in the paclitaxel rat model of chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. Eur J Pain 2017; 22:810-821. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Coronary angiographic pattern in young (≤35 years) acute myocardial infarction patients. Indian Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2017.09.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Procamallanus spiculogubernaculus Agarwal, 1958 (Nematoda: Camallanidae) from Stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis in India: morphological characterization and molecular data. Helminthologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/helm-2017-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
The nematode, Procamallanus spiculogubernaculus Agarwal, 1958 was found from the Stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) from Ghazipur, Delhi, India. Morphological characterization, including scanning electron microscope observation supplemented with DNA sequences is provided. Specimens recently found are characterized by the presence of an unlined buccal capsule having a small basal ring, esophagus muscular and glandular, vulva position is slightly post-equatorial, tail conical, long, and ending in three digit-like processes, phasmids present at about mid-length and cloaca located at the posterior end. In this study the species P. spiculogubernaculus is validated on the basis of molecular data after 47 years from its original description. In the scanning electron microscope examination, the topology of mouth and sensory pits in anterior portion, while the phasmids and digit like processes in posterior portion is clearly observed. Molecular data of the 18S ribosomal RNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene were analyzed. Molecular phylogenetic analyses supported the validity of Procamallanus spiculogubernaculus and confirmed the paraphyletic status of the members of Procamallanus, Spirocamallanus, Camallanus and Paracamallanus. Taxonomic status of members of the family Camallanidae are briefly discussed along with the results of the systematic evaluation of P. spiculogubernaculus based on molecular data.
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Redescription and phylogenetic analyses of Thaparocleidus gomtius and T. sudhakari (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) from Wallago attu (Siluriformes: Siluridae) in India. Helminthologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/helm-2017-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Two species of Thaparocleidus Jain (1952a) were found harboring W. attu from the Ganga River at two localities, Meerut and Farrukhabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, during the period of 2013-2015. Morphology and morphometric study of specimens identified as Thaparocleidus gomtius (Jain, 1952a) Lim, 1996 and T. sudhakari (Gusev, 1976) Lim, 1996. Molecular analyses using the 18S rRNA gene confirmed the validity of T. gomtius and T. sudhakari and demonstrated that both the species clustered with other Thaparocleidus species from different geographical regions. We aim at reassessing the taxonomy and establishing the phylogenetic relationships among these two redescribed species with other representatives of the genus Thaparocleidus.
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a clinically heterogeneous chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder. The association of MMP-7 and disease severity is still unclear. A total of 150 SLE patients and matched healthy controls were recruited for this study. Disease activity was scored according to SLEDAI (98 active and 52 inactive disease). Mean serum MMP-7 levels were significantly higher in SLE patients than controls ( p < 0.001). Patients with active disease showed higher levels (16.24 ± 6.2 ng/ml) as against inactive disease (10.50 ± 3.97 ng/ml) ( p ≤ 0.0001). Mean MMP-7 mRNA expression was significantly higher in patients (RQ = 3.16 ± 0.93) as compared to controls (RQ = 2.21 ± 0.89, p = 0.006). A positive correlation between MMP-7 levels, mRNA expression and SLEDAI score was observed ( r = 0.563, r = 0.427). The MMP-7 -181 G allele was found to be significantly higher among SLE patients ( p < 0.0001). A significant association was noted between MMP-7 -181 A/G +G/G genotypes with renal ( p = 0.0027) and CNS ( p = 0.0031) manifestations and anti-dsDNA autoantibodies ( p = 0.0312). Serum MMP-7 levels and mRNA expression were elevated in advanced stages of SLE, indicating that MMP-7 is associated with disease activity in SLE.
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Regulation: Is change impossible? Br Dent J 2016; 221:684. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2016.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Molecular characterization of three species belongs to the Allocreadioidea, Hemiuroidea and Plagiorchioidea (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) infecting freshwater fishes in India. Helminthologia 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/helmin-2016-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Three species of digenetic trematodes are redescribed based on specimens collected from the intestine of freshwater fishes of Hastinapur and Meerut (U.P.), India: Allocreadium handiai (Pande, 1937) Madhavi, 1980 (Allocreadioidea: Allocreadiidae) from Mystus tengara (Hamilton, 1822) (Siluri-formes: Bagridae), Genarchopsis goppoOzaki, 1925 (Hemiuroidea: Derogenidae) and Phyllodistomum chauhaniMotwani & Srivastava, 1961 (Plagiorchioidea: Gorgoderidae) from Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793) (Perciformes: Channidae). The three species were subjected to morphological, morphometric and molecular analyses. The morphological study revealed that A. handiai, G. goppo and P. chauhani can be distinguished by their congeners on the basis of their morphology. Partial nucleotide sequences of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene were obtained from the three trematode species and deposited in the GenBank. A phylogenetic reconstruction based on the 28S rRNA gene placed the three studied species within their respective families and their validity is discussed. For the first time molecular data of newly collected material of these species from India were used for confirmation of their validity and to assess their phylogenetic relationships.
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Genome wide array-CGH and qPCR analysis for the identification of genome defects in Williams' syndrome patients in Saudi Arabia. Mol Cytogenet 2016; 9:65. [PMID: 27525043 PMCID: PMC4981984 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-016-0266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Williams-Beuren Syndrome (WBS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by dysmorphic features, cardiovascular defects, cognitive deficits and developmental delay. WBS is caused by a segmental aneuploidy of chromosome 7 due to heterozygous deletion of contiguous genes at the long arm of chromosome 7q11.23. We aimed to apply array-CGH technique for the detection of copy number variants in suspected WBS patients and to determine the size of the deleted segment at chromosome 7q11.23 in correlation with the phenotype. The study included 24 patients referred to the CEGMR with the provisional diagnosis of WBS and 8 parents. The patients were subjected to conventional Cytogenetic (G-banding) analysis, Molecular Cytogenetic (Fluorescent In-Situ Hybridization), array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization (array-CGH) and quantitative Real time PCR (qPCR) Techniques. Results No deletions were detected by Karyotyping, however, one patient showed unbalanced translocation between chromosome 18 and 19, the karyotype was 45,XX, der(19) t(18;19)(q11.1;p13.3)-18. FISH technique could detect microdeletion in chromosome 7q11.23 in 10/24 patients. Array-CGH and qPCR confirmed the deletion in all samples, and could detect duplication of 7q11.23 in three patients and two parents. Furthermore, the size of the deletion could be detected accurately by both array-CGH and qPCR techniques. Three patients not showing the 7q11.23 deletion were diagnosed by array-CGH to have deletion in chr9p13.1-p11.2, chr18p11.32-p11.21 and chr1p36.13. Conclusion Both FISH and array-CGH are reliable methods for the diagnosis of WBS; however, array-CGH has the advantage of detection of genome deletions/ duplications that cannot otherwise be detected by conventional cytogenetic techniques. Array-CGH and qPCR are useful for detection of deletion sizes and prediction of the interrupted genes and their impact on the disease phenotype. Further investigations are needed for studying the impact of deletion sizes and function of the deleted genes on chromosome 7q11.23. Trial registration ISRCTN ISRCTN73824458. MOCY-D-16-00041R1. Registered 28 September 2014. Retrospectively registered.
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Robust skin segmentation using color space switching. PATTERN RECOGNITION AND IMAGE ANALYSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1054661815040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Molecular and ultrastructure characterization of two nematodes (Thelandros scleratus
and Physalopteroides dactyluris) based on ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Helminthologia 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/helmin-2016-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
The phylogenetic relationships of the nematode species Thelandros scleratus (Oxyurida: Pharyn-godonidae) and Physalopteroides dactyluris (Spirurida: Physalopteridae) were analyzed using the ribosomal 18S rRNAand the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit genes. The nematodes were recovered from Brook's house gecko, Hemidactylus brooki (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from Hast-inapur, Meerut (U.P.), India. The results demonstrated that T. scleratus shows 100% similarity with another sequence available from the same species and a close relationship (98-99%) with species of Parapharyngodon in both 18S rRNAand cox 1 regions. Regarding the nematode Physalopteroides. analysis showed a close phylogenetic relationship between P. dactyluris and several species of Phy-saloptera. This is the first sequence of 18S available for any species of the genus Physalopteroides
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ID: 64: REVERSIBLE BLINDNESS ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS: A RARE COMBINATION. J Investig Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000120.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionA wide spectrum of ocular diseases is associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and most of them lead to gradual loss of vision that is almost always irreversible. Sudden vision loss in severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) that is reversible with treatment of the metabolic abnormality is a very rare complication that has been reported three times previously.Case PresentationA 59 year-old male with Type 1 DM presented with altered consciousness, epigastric pain, hypothermia and sudden complete bilateral vision loss for three days. He was not complaint with insulin. There was no history or laboratory evidence of ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol ingestion, head trauma, baseline vision problem, cold or intense bright light exposure.Physical examination revealed rapid shallow breathing at 55/min, blood pressure 90/60 mm Hg, heart rate 102/min and temperature 90.2F. He was oriented only to place,pupils were dilated and non-reactive to light. No light perception in both eyes. Fundoscopy was normal without any evidence of retinal pallor, retinal detachment, retinal hemorrhages, papilledema or cataract.Labs revealed blood glucose 1100 mg/dl, pH 6.95,positive serum and urine ketones, pCO2 11 mm Hg and anion gap 36. He received aggressive warm fluid resuscitation, electrolyte replacements and intravenous insulin infusion with close monitoring. 18 hrs later his blood glucose, pH,anion gap and body temperature normalized and vision spontaneously returned to normal. A repeat fundoscopy exam by ophthalmologist and magnetic resonance image (MRI) brain was completely normal; ruling out posterior ischemic optic neuropathy and occipital stroke. He recovered very well, resumed diet, was ambulatory and had an uneventful rest of hospital course.DiscussionSudden painless vision loss has a wide differential diagnosis and it is usually caused by ischemia at retinal, ocular or cortical level. No history of methanol ingestion or trauma, normal fundoscopy, normal MRI and rapid return of vision after correction of diabetic ketoacidosis strongly suggests that blindness was related to acidosis.Alcoholic ketoacidosis has been reported to cause transient reversible blindness in other case reports and correction of acidosis lead to reversal of blindness. Other rare causes of reversible blindness include posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, brain tumors, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and valsalva retinopathy.The mechanism of acidosis causing blindness is believed to be uncoupling of horizontal cells at pH <7.0 inhibiting photoreceptor transmission as suggested by studies on fish and salamander. Other possible mechanisms include hyperosmolarity causing ischemia or transient lens opacification but in none of the reported cases this was proven. Also lens opacification would have been seen at fundoscopy. Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy is another possibility but it is irreversible. The exact mechanism of blindness remains poorly understood. However irrespective of mechanism of acidosis, its rapid correction to pH >7.0 leads to rapid recovery suggesting a common pathogenesis.
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ID: 55: FIBRILLARY GLOMERULONEPHRITIS:LOOKS LIKE AMYLOID BUT ITS NOT! J Investig Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000120.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionFibrillary glomerulonephritis is a rare disorder with a prevalence of 1% in renal biopsies.The mean age of presentation is 50 years, proteinurea in 100%, nephrotic syndrome in 70–75%, renal insufficiency (Cr≥1.5) in 50–55%, hypertension 70% and hematuria in 70% cases.Etiology is unknown and diagnosis is established by pathognomonic electron microscopy findings. This case illustrates the presentation, workup and diagnosis of fibrillary glomerulonephritis (FGN).Case DescriptionA 49 year-old-female with history of hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea,non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug use for chronic back pain presented with shortness of breath on exertion and bilateral lower extremity swelling.Vital signs showed temperature 35.6 C, heart rate 75/min, respiratory rate 21/min and blood pressure 112/68 mm Hg.She had mild respiratory distress, bilateral crackles at lung bases and bilateral +2 pedal edema on physical examination.Complete blood count showed hemoglobin 10.7 g/dl and normal white cell count. Complete metabolic panel showed creatinine 1.1 mg/dl, blood urea nitrogen 21 mg/dl, albumin 2.6 g/dl and normal electrolytes. Urinalysis showed pH 6.0,specific gravity 1.028,+4 proteinuria,+2 hematuria and no casts. 24hour urine collection showed 4.3 g/day nephrotic proteinuria. Lipid profile showed cholesterol 308 mg/dl and non-HDL cholesterol 246 mg/dl.Hepatitis C, HIV, Goodpasture Disease, Cryoglobulinemia, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases were ruled out by appropriate tests. Serum and urine protein electrophoresis were without M-spike but with high free Lambda (29.7 mg/dl) and Kappa chains (23.6 mg/dl). A diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome was made due to the presence of edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia.A renal biopsy was done to evaluate the etiology of nephrotic syndrome. Biopsy showed focal segmental and global glomerulosclerosis with mild to moderate interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Immunofluorescence showed staining of glomerular capillary walls and mesangium for IgG, kappa and lambda. Electron microscopy showed linear, non-branching fibrils in the mesangium that averaged 20 nm in width (11.7–28.6 nm).Congo red staining was negative.DiscussionA study of 66 cases identified most common histologic patterns as mesangial, membranoproliferative, endocapillary proliferative, crescentic and necrotizing, membranous and diffuse sclerosing in order of likelihood.This case had focal segmental and global glomerulosclerosis that is a rare finding.In the same study immunofluorescence staining was positive for IgG in 100%, C3 in 92% and both kappa and lambda in 84% cases. This case also demonstrated positive staining for IgG, kappa and lambda.The pathognomonic finding is presence of fibrillary deposits in the mesangium and glomerular capillary walls distinct from amyloidosis.The size of fibrils ranges from 8–15 nm in Amyloid and 12–24 nm in FGN. IgG is usually monoclonal in AL Amyloid as compared to polyclonal in FGN. The characteristic difference from amyloid is absence of reaction to histochemical dyes like Congo Red and Thioflavin T in FGN.One third of FGN cases are associated with malignancy, monoclonal gammopathy and autoimmune disorders. In our case an extensive workup was negative for all these conditions.Angiotensin inhibitors (ACEI) are used if the glomerular filtration rate is normal and proteinuria is present,to control blood pressure and reduce disease progression. Evidence for use of steroids and immunosuppressants is based on uncontrolled studies with variable success.In our patient a limited trial of corticosteroids with mycophenolate resulted in some improvement in proteinuria alongwith ACEI.
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Tell us the end of the story. Nature 2016; 532:441. [DOI: 10.1038/532441e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Molecular evidence of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidea) from India. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Clinical Spectrum of Chikungunya in Bikaner (North Western India) in 2006 and Follow up of Patients for Five Years. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2016; 64:22-25. [PMID: 27731553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find out clinical and laboratory profile of patients of chikungunya outbreak in 2006 in Bikaner (North-West Rajasthan) and follow up of chikungunya patients for 5 years. METHODS Study was conducted among 50 chikungunya patients. For this study the inclusion criteria was clinical presentation consistent with chikungunya virus infection (e.g. abrupt onset of fever and/or polyarthralgia) and laboratory confirmation of chikungunya virus infection by IgM-capture ELISA. All patients were subjected for thorough clinical and general physical examination, investigations like CBC, ESR, CRP, rheumatoid factor, ECG, LFT, RFT, anti-CCP antibody were done in all patients and their follow up was done for 5 years. RESULTS Among the 50 patients of chikungunya arthritis 34 (68%) patients developed persistent arthritis. Among the patients with persistent arthritis 70.58% were shown positive for anti-ccp antibody. CRP (95.24%) and ESR level were raised (68%) in patient with persistent arthralgia. Level of CRP and ESR was proportionally related to number of partially recovered joints, higher the CRP positivity and raised ESR levels severe were the persistent arthralgias. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that chikungunya patients who had persistent arthralgia on 5 year follow up mimicked rheumatological disorder like rheumatoid arthritis in 70.58%. Therefore DMARD can be effective.
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Bursectomy for gastric cancer: What does the evidence indicate? Indian J Cancer 2016; 52:36-8. [PMID: 26837966 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.175564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Radical resection of the bursa omentalis (radical bursectomy) as part of a curative resection for gastric cancer has been advised for close to a century. However, the postulated associated morbidity and lack of a clear benefit in terms of survival preclude its routine use. To objectively review the available evidence on the role of bursectomy as part of a curative resection for gastric cancer. A systematic search of the scientific literature was carried out using Embase, PubMed, MedLine and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials for the years 1965-2013 to obtain access to all publications, especially randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews and meta-analyses involving bursectomy in gastric cancer with the appropriate specific search terms, namely, "bursectomy," "stomach cancer," "gastric cancer," "survival," "morbidity," "outcomes" and "RCTs". Using the above search strategy, a total of 29 publications was retrieved of which five publications were identified describing bursectomy and its outcomes in gastric cancer. These included three retrospective cohort studies and two publications from a single RCT. Bursectomy do not appear to add the morbidity or mortality of the overall surgery. However, it did not appear to significantly improve overall survival neither in the retrospective cohort studies nor in the only RCT. The evidence to date is insufficient to suggest any additional benefit of routine bursectomy to a radical gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer. Results of an on-going RCT are awaited to determine if bursectomy may further improve overall survival in patients with advanced T-stage of disease.
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Effect of thermal pre-treatment on the availability of PAHs for successive chemical oxidation in contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:1371-1380. [PMID: 26362641 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This is the premier study designed to evaluate the impact of thermal pre-treatment on the availability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for successive removal by chemical oxidation. Experiments were conducted in two soils having different PAH distribution originating from former coking plant sites (Homécourt, H, and Neuves Maisons, NM) located in northeast of France. Soil samples were pre-heated at 60, 100, and 150 °C for 1 week under inert atmosphere (N2). Pre-heating resulted in slight removal of PAHs (<10%) and loss of extractable organic matter (EOM). Then, these pre-heated soil samples were subjected to Fenton-like oxidation (H2O2 and magnetite) at room temperature. Chemical oxidation in soil without any pre-treatment showed almost no PAH degradation underscoring the unavailability of PAHs. However, chemical oxidation in pre-heated soils showed significant PAH degradation (19, 29, and 43% in NM soil and 31, 36, and 47% in H soil pre-treated at 60, 100, and 150 °C, respectively). No preferential removal of PAHs was observed after chemical oxidation in both soils. These results indicated the significant impact of pre-heating temperature on the availability of PAHs in contaminated soils and therefore may have strong implications in the remediation of contaminated soils especially where pollutant availability is a limiting factor.
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Excellent mechanical properties of carbon fiber semi-aligned electrospun carbon nanofiber hybrid polymer composites. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02672a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The excellent mechanical properties of carbon fiber fabric hybrid polymer composites is achieved by integrating continuous semi-aligned carbon nanofiber layers in the interlaminar region between carbon fiber fabric plies.
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