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Rios KT, McGee JP, Sebastian A, Moritz RL, Feric M, Absalon S, Swearingen KE, Lindner SE. Global Release of Translational Repression Across Plasmodium's Host-to-Vector Transmission Event. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.01.577866. [PMID: 38352447 PMCID: PMC10862809 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.01.577866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Malaria parasites must be able to respond quickly to changes in their environment, including during their transmission between mammalian hosts and mosquito vectors. Therefore, before transmission, female gametocytes proactively produce and translationally repress mRNAs that encode essential proteins that the zygote requires to establish a new infection. This essential regulatory control requires the orthologues of DDX6 (DOZI), LSM14a (CITH), and ALBA proteins to form a translationally repressive complex in female gametocytes that associates with many of the affected mRNAs. However, while the release of translational repression of individual mRNAs has been documented, the details of the global release of translational repression have not. Moreover, the changes in spatial arrangement and composition of the DOZI/CITH/ALBA complex that contribute to translational control are also not known. Therefore, we have conducted the first quantitative, comparative transcriptomics and DIA-MS proteomics of Plasmodium parasites across the host-to-vector transmission event to document the global release of translational repression. Using female gametocytes and zygotes of P. yoelii, we found that nearly 200 transcripts are released for translation soon after fertilization, including those with essential functions for the zygote. However, we also observed that some transcripts remain repressed beyond this point. In addition, we have used TurboID-based proximity proteomics to interrogate the spatial and compositional changes in the DOZI/CITH/ALBA complex across this transmission event. Consistent with recent models of translational control, proteins that associate with either the 5' or 3' end of mRNAs are in close proximity to one another during translational repression in female gametocytes and then dissociate upon release of repression in zygotes. This observation is cross-validated for several protein colocalizations in female gametocytes via ultrastructure expansion microscopy and structured illumination microscopy. Moreover, DOZI exchanges its interaction from NOT1-G in female gametocytes to the canonical NOT1 in zygotes, providing a model for a trigger for the release of mRNAs from DOZI. Finally, unenriched phosphoproteomics revealed the modification of key translational control proteins in the zygote. Together, these data provide a model for the essential translational control mechanisms used by malaria parasites to promote their efficient transmission from their mammalian host to their mosquito vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly T. Rios
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - James P. McGee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | | | - Marina Feric
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Sabrina Absalon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | | | - Scott E. Lindner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Huck Center for Malaria Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
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Sebastian A, Wyld L, Morgan JL. Examining the variation in consent in general surgery. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2024; 106:140-149. [PMID: 37218649 PMCID: PMC10830343 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2023.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Consent is a fundamental aspect of surgery and expectations around the consent process have changed following the Montgomery vs Lanarkshire Health Board (2015) court ruling. This study aimed to identify trends in litigation pertaining to consent, explore variation in how consent is practised among general surgeons and identify potential causes of this variation. METHODS This mixed-methods study examined temporal variation in litigation rates relating to consent (between 2011 and 2020), using data obtained from National Health Service (NHS) Resolutions. Semi-structured clinician interviews were then conducted to gain qualitative data regarding how general surgeons take consent, their ideologies and their outlook on the recent legal changes. The quantitative component included a questionnaire survey aiming to explore these issues with a larger population to improve the generalisability of the findings. RESULTS NHS Resolutions litigation data showed a significant increase in litigation pertaining to consent following the 2015 health board ruling. The interviews demonstrated considerable variation in how surgeons approach consent. This was corroborated by the survey, which illustrated considerable variation in how consent is documented when different surgeons are presented with the same case vignette. CONCLUSION A clear increase in litigation relating to consent was seen in the post-Montgomery era, which may be due to legal precedent being established and increased awareness of these issues. Findings from this study demonstrate variability in the information patients receive. In some cases, consent practices did not adequately meet current regulations and therefore are susceptible to potential litigation. This study identifies areas for improvement in the practice of consent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Wyld
- University of Sheffield Medical School, UK
| | - JL Morgan
- University of Sheffield Medical School, UK
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Bellfy L, Smies CW, Bernhardt AR, Bodinayake KK, Sebastian A, Stuart EM, Wright DS, Lo CY, Murakami S, Boyd HM, von Abo MJ, Albert I, Kwapis JL. The clock gene Per1 may exert diurnal control over hippocampal memory consolidation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1789-1797. [PMID: 37264172 PMCID: PMC10579262 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The circadian system influences many different biological processes, including memory performance. While the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) functions as the brain's central pacemaker, downstream "satellite clocks" may also regulate local functions based on the time of day. Within the dorsal hippocampus (DH), for example, local molecular oscillations may contribute to time-of-day effects on memory. Here, we used the hippocampus-dependent Object Location Memory task to determine how memory is regulated across the day/night cycle in mice. First, we systematically determined which phase of memory (acquisition, consolidation, or retrieval) is modulated across the 24 h day. We found that mice show better long-term memory performance during the day than at night, an effect that was specifically attributed to diurnal changes in memory consolidation, as neither memory acquisition nor memory retrieval fluctuated across the day/night cycle. Using RNA-sequencing we identified the circadian clock gene Period1 (Per1) as a key mechanism capable of supporting this diurnal fluctuation in memory consolidation, as learning-induced Per1 oscillates in tandem with memory performance in the hippocampus. We then show that local knockdown of Per1 within the DH impairs spatial memory without affecting either the circadian rhythm or sleep behavior. Thus, Per1 may independently function within the DH to regulate memory in addition to its known role in regulating the circadian system within the SCN. Per1 may therefore exert local diurnal control over memory consolidation within the DH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Bellfy
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Chad W Smies
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Alicia R Bernhardt
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kasuni K Bodinayake
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Emily M Stuart
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Destiny S Wright
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Chen-Yu Lo
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Shoko Murakami
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Hannah M Boyd
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Megan J von Abo
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Istvan Albert
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Janine L Kwapis
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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Godin MJ, Sebastian A, Albert I, Lindner SE. Long-Read Genome Assembly and Gene Model Annotations for the Rodent Malaria Parasite Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL. J Biol Chem 2023:104871. [PMID: 37247760 PMCID: PMC10320607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria causes over 600 thousand fatalities each year, with most cases attributed to the human-infectious Plasmodium falciparum species. Many rodent-infectious Plasmodium species, like Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium yoelii, have been used as model species that can expedite studies of this pathogen. P. yoelii is an especially good model for investigating the mosquito and liver stages of parasite development because key attributes closely resemble those of P. falciparum. Because of its importance, in 2002 the 17XNL strain of P. yoelii was the first rodent malaria parasite to be sequenced. While a breakthrough effort, the assembly consisted of >5000 contiguous sequences that adversely impacted the annotated gene models. While other rodent malaria parasite genomes have been sequenced and annotated since then, including the related P. yoelii 17X strain, the 17XNL strain has not. As a result, genomic data for 17X has become the de facto reference genome for the 17XNL strain while leaving open questions surrounding possible differences between the 17XNL and 17X genomes. In this work, we present a high-quality genome assembly for P. yoelii 17XNL using PacBio DNA sequencing. In addition, we use Nanopore and Illumina RNA sequencing of mixed blood stages to create complete gene models that include coding sequences, alternate isoforms, and UTR designations. A comparison of the 17X and this new 17XNL assembly revealed biologically meaningful differences between the strains due to the presence of coding sequence variants. Taken together, our work provides a new genomic framework for studies with this commonly used rodent malaria model species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J Godin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Center for Malaria Research, The Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Istvan Albert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Center for Malaria Research, The Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802.
| | - Scott E Lindner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Center for Malaria Research, The Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802.
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McSweeney C, Chen M, Dong F, Sebastian A, Reynolds DJ, Mott J, Pei Z, Zou J, Shi Y, Mao Y. Transcriptomic Analyses of Brains of RBM8A Conditional Knockout Mice at Different Developmental Stages Reveal Conserved Signaling Pathways Contributing to Neurodevelopmental Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4600. [PMID: 36902031 PMCID: PMC10003467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding motif 8A (RBM8A) is a core component of the exon junction complex (EJC) that binds pre-mRNAs and regulates their splicing, transport, translation, and nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Dysfunction in the core proteins has been linked to several detriments in brain development and neuropsychiatric diseases. To understand the functional role of Rbm8a in brain development, we have generated brain-specific Rbm8a knockout mice and used next-generation RNA-sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in mice with heterozygous, conditional knockout (cKO) of Rbm8a in the brain at postnatal day 17 (P17) and at embryonic day 12. Additionally, we analyzed enriched gene clusters and signaling pathways within the DEGs. At the P17 time point, between the control and cKO mice, about 251 significant DEGs were identified. At E12, only 25 DEGs were identified in the hindbrain samples. Bioinformatics analyses have revealed many signaling pathways related to the central nervous system (CNS). When E12 and P17 results were compared, three DEGs, Spp1, Gpnmb, and Top2a, appeared to peak at different developmental time points in the Rbm8a cKO mice. Enrichment analyses suggested altered activity in pathways affecting cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The results support the hypothesis that loss of Rbm8a causes decreased cellular proliferation, increased apoptosis, and early differentiation of neuronal subtypes, which may lead ultimately to an altered neuronal subtype composition in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen McSweeney
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Miranda Chen
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Fengping Dong
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Derrick James Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jennifer Mott
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Zifei Pei
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jizhong Zou
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yongsheng Shi
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yingwei Mao
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Godin MJ, Sebastian A, Albert I, Lindner SE. Long-Read Genome Assembly and Gene Model Annotations for the Rodent Malaria Parasite Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.06.523040. [PMID: 36711553 PMCID: PMC9882011 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.06.523040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Malaria causes over 200 million infections and over 600 thousand fatalities each year, with most cases attributed to a human-infectious Plasmodium species, Plasmodium falciparum . Many rodent-infectious Plasmodium species, like Plasmodium berghei, Plasmodium chabaudi , and Plasmodium yoelii , have been used as genetically tractable model species that can expedite studies of this pathogen. In particular, P. yoelii is an especially good model for investigating the mosquito and liver stages of parasite development because key attributes closely resemble those of P. falciparum . Because of its importance to malaria research, in 2002 the 17XNL strain of P. yoelii was the first rodent malaria parasite to be sequenced. While sequencing and assembling this genome was a breakthrough effort, the final assembly consisted of >5000 contiguous sequences that impacted the creation of annotated gene models. While other important rodent malaria parasite genomes have been sequenced and annotated since then, including the related P. yoelii 17X strain, the 17XNL strain has not. As a result, genomic data for 17X has become the de facto reference genome for the 17XNL strain while leaving open questions surrounding possible differences between the 17XNL and 17X genomes. In this work, we present a high-quality genome assembly for P. yoelii 17XNL using HiFi PacBio long-read DNA sequencing. In addition, we use Nanopore long-read direct RNA-seq and Illumina short-read sequencing of mixed blood stages to create complete gene models that include not only coding sequences but also alternate transcript isoforms, and 5' and 3' UTR designations. A comparison of the 17X and this new 17XNL assembly revealed biologically meaningful differences between the strains due to the presence of coding sequence variants. Taken together, our work provides a new genomic and gene expression framework for studies with this commonly used rodent malaria model species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J. Godin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Center for Malaria Research, The Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Istvan Albert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Center for Malaria Research, The Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Scott E. Lindner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Center for Malaria Research, The Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
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Sebastian A, Tomelleri A, Macchioni P, Klinowski G, Salvarani C, Kayani A, Tariq M, Prieto-Peña D, Conticini E, Khurshid M, Inness S, Jackson J, Van der Geest K, Dasgupta B. POS0818 SOUTHEND PRE-TEST PROBABILITY SCORE AND HALO SCORE AS MARKERS FOR DIAGNOSIS AND MONITORING OF GCA: EARLY RESULTS FROM THE PROSPECTIVE HAS-GCA STUDY. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundUltrasound (US) is recommended as the first line imaging test in patients with suspected Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA). Traditionally, the US halo sign has been used for diagnosis. We have recently described a composite Halo Score that allows to quantify vascular inflammation on US. Prospective studies on response and disease monitoring are lacking.ObjectivesTo prospectively assess the role of US in diagnosing and monitoring GCA patients. We report early baseline and 12-month data on our current recruitment in a study that has suffered disruption from the pandemic.MethodsHAS GCA (IRAS#264294) is an ongoing, prospective, multicentre study recruiting from referrals of suspected GCA to fast-track clinics. Based on the Southend GCA clinical pre-test probability score (SPTPS)1, patients were stratified in to low, intermediate and high risk categories2. Temporal and axillary US Halo Scores were calculated from the halo thickness and extent in bilateral temporal arteries, parietal and frontal branches (TAHS) and axillary arteries (AAHS). These scores were summed (TAHS x1 plus; AAHS x3) to generate a Total Halo Score (THS)3.Mann Whitney U test was used to compare baseline features between GCA and controls. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to evaluate disease features at baseline and at 12 months in GCA patients. Sensitivity (Sn), Specificity (Sp) and ROC curve were calculated, where applicable. P value <0.05 is statistically significantResults202 patients (71 GCA, 131 controls) have been recruited thus far: 23 completed 12-month follow up assessment; 6 were lost to follow up (4 died, 2 withdrew consent due to pandemic). Demographics, clinical features, and US results are shown (Table 1).Table 1.Baseline features of GCA patients and controlsGCA (n=71)Controls (n=131)P-valueAge, median (IQR)75 (70-81)68 (62-76)0.001Female, n (%)38 (54)89 (68)0.05SPTPS category, n (%) Low risk0 (0)59 (45)<0.001 Intermediate risk16 (23)49 (37)0.04 High risk55 (77)23 (18)<0.001Halo score (HS), median (range) Temporal artery HS12 (0-22)2 (0-17)<0.0001 Axillary artery HS12 (0-21)6 (0-18)<0.0001 Total HS21 (2-40)8 (0-29)<0.0001Clinical features, n (%) Temporal headache53 (75)93 (71)0.62 Scalp tenderness36 (51)40 (31)0.006 Jaw claudication38 (54)9 (7)<0.001 PMR symptoms29 (41)35 (27)0.06 Constitutional symptoms42 (59)29 (22)<0.001 Visual disturbance40 (56)58 (44)0.11 Vision loss21 (30)9 (7)<0.001AA, axillary artery; GCA, Giant cell arteritis; TA, Temporal arteryAmong GCA patients, 50 had cranial, 5 large-vessel and 16 mixed phenotypes. Diseases were diagnosed by US and additional tests such as PET CT.Jaw claudication (54%) and constitutional symptoms (59%) were the dominant features in GCA patients. Median age was 75 years in GCA (54% females) and 68 years in controls (68% females). GCA and controls were stratified by SPTPS to Low risk (0% vs 45%; Sn-undefined, Sp-98), Intermediate risk (23% vs 37%; Sn-81, Sp-98) and High risk (77% vs 18%; Sn-98, Sp-91). Optimal SPTPS cut-off point was ≥12 (Sn-89, Sp-76).Median THS was 21 in GCA and 8 in controls. Optimal cut-off Halo Score in diagnosis was TAHS ≥5 (Sn-89, Sp-86), AAHS ≥11 (Sn-55, Sp-75), THS ≥15 (Sn-79%, Sp-86%). Baseline Halo Score and CRP levels showed positive correlation (spearman rank correlation). Among the 23 patients who completed 12-months follow up, median TAHS, AAHS and THS reduced from 12 to 2, 12 to 6 and 21 to 10, respectively (Figure 1).ConclusionAlong with SPTPS, Halo Score successfully discriminates GCA from non GCA mimics and. HS is effective in showing 12-month response. This score may be a useful marker to monitor GCA disease activityReferences[1]Laskou F et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2019[2]Sebastian A et al. RMD Open. 2020[3]Sebastian A et al. BMC Rheumatol. 2020Disclosure of InterestsAlwin Sebastian: None declared, Alessandro Tomelleri: None declared, Pierluigi Macchioni: None declared, Giulia Klinowski: None declared, Carlo Salvarani: None declared, Abdul Kayani: None declared, Mohammad Tariq: None declared, Diana Prieto-Peña: None declared, Edoardo Conticini: None declared, Muhammad Khurshid: None declared, Sue Inness: None declared, Jo Jackson: None declared, Kornelis van der Geest Speakers bureau: Roche, Grant/research support from: Mandema stipend, Bhaskar Dasgupta: None declared
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Painter HJ, Chung NC, Sebastian A, Albert I, Storey JD, Llinás M. Author Correction: Genome-wide real-time in vivo transcriptional dynamics during Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage development. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1497. [PMID: 35292664 PMCID: PMC8924219 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Painter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Huck Center for Malaria Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Neo Christopher Chung
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.,Institute of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics, and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Istvan Albert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - John D Storey
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.,Center for Statistics and Machine Learning, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Manuel Llinás
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Huck Center for Malaria Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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Saini MK, Yoshida S, Sebastian A, Hara E, Tamaki H, Soulier NT, Albert I, Hanada S, Tank M, Bryant DA. Elioraea tepida, sp. nov., a Moderately Thermophilic Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacterium Isolated from the Mat Community of an Alkaline Siliceous Hot Spring in Yellowstone National Park, WY, USA. Microorganisms 2021; 10:80. [PMID: 35056529 PMCID: PMC8781829 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain MS-P2T was isolated from microbial mats associated with Mushroom Spring, an alkaline siliceous hot spring in Yellowstone National Park, WY, USA. The isolate grows chemoheterotrophically by oxygen-dependent respiration, and light stimulates photoheterotrophic growth under strictly oxic conditions. Strain MS-P2T synthesizes bacteriochlorophyll a and the carotenoid spirilloxanthin. However, photoautotrophic growth did not occur under oxic or anoxic conditions, suggesting that this strain should be classified as an aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium. Strain MS-P2T cells are motile, curved rods about 0.5 to 1.0 μm wide and 1.0 to 1.5 μm long. The optimum growth temperature is 45-50 °C, and the optimum pH for growth is circum-neutral (pH 7.0-7.5). Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that strain MS-P2T is closely related to Elioraea species, members of the class Alphaproteobacteria, with a sequence identity of 96.58 to 98%. The genome of strain MS-P2T is a single circular DNA molecule of 3,367,643 bp with a mol% guanine-plus-cytosine content of 70.6%. Based on phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical, and genomic characteristics, we propose this bacteriochlorophyll a-containing isolate is a new species belonging to the genus Elioraea, with the suggested name Elioraeatepida. The type-strain is strain MS-P2T (= JCM33060T = ATCC TSD-174T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar Saini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; (M.K.S.); (S.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Shohei Yoshida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; (M.K.S.); (S.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- The Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Eri Hara
- Bioproduction Research Institute—National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan; (E.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Hideyuki Tamaki
- Bioproduction Research Institute—National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan; (E.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Nathan T. Soulier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Istvan Albert
- The Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.S.); (I.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Satoshi Hanada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; (M.K.S.); (S.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Marcus Tank
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; (M.K.S.); (S.Y.); (S.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
- DSMZ-German Culture Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, GmbH Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Donald A. Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
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Gopalan L, Sebastian A, Praul CA, Albert I, Ramachandran R. Metformin Affects the Transcriptomic Profile of Chicken Ovarian Cancer Cells. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:30. [PMID: 35052372 PMCID: PMC8774788 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy in women. Metformin intake is associated with a reduced incidence of ovarian cancer and increased overall survival rate. We determined the effect of metformin on sphere formation, extracellular matrix invasion, and transcriptome profile of ovarian cancer cells (COVCAR) isolated from ascites of chickens that naturally developed ovarian cancer. We found that metformin treatment significantly decreased sphere formation and invasiveness of COVCAR cells. RNA-Seq data analysis revealed 0, 4, 365 differentially expressed genes in cells treated with 0.5, 1, 2 mM metformin, respectively compared to controls. Transcriptomic and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) revealed significant downregulation of MMP7, AICDA, GDPD2, APOC3, APOA1 and predicted inhibition of upstream regulators NFKB, STAT3, TP53 that are involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, DNA repair, and lipid metabolism. The analysis revealed significant upregulation of RASD2, IHH, CRABP-1 and predicted activation of upstream regulators VEGF and E2F1 that are associated with angiogenesis and cell cycle. Causal network analysis revealed novel pathways suggesting predicted inhibition of ovarian cancer through master regulator ASCL1 and dataset genes DCX, SEMA6B, HEY2, and KCNIP2. In summary, advanced pathway analysis in IPA revealed novel target genes, upstream regulators, and pathways affected by metformin treatment of COVCAR cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha Gopalan
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.S.); (C.A.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Craig A. Praul
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.S.); (C.A.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Istvan Albert
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.S.); (C.A.P.); (I.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ramesh Ramachandran
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
- Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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11
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Lin Y, Grembi JA, Goots SS, Sebastian A, Albert I, Brennan RA. Advantageous microbial community development and improved performance of pilot-scale field systems treating high-risk acid mine drainage with crab shell. J Hazard Mater 2021; 420:126665. [PMID: 34351284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities are crucial to the effectiveness and stability of bioremediation systems treating acid mine drainage (AMD); however, little research has addressed how they correlate to system performance under changing environmental conditions. In this study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used to characterize microbial communities within different substrate combinations of crab shell (CS) and spent mushroom compost (SMC) and their association with chemical performance in pilot-scale vertical flow ponds (VFPs) treating high risk AMD in central Pennsylvania over 643 days of operation. As compared to a control containing SMC, VFPs containing CS sustained higher alkalinity, higher sulfate-reducing rates, and more thorough metals removal (>90% for Fe and Al, >50% for Mn and Zn). Correspondingly, CS VFPs supported the growth of microorganisms in key functional groups at increasing abundance and diversity over time, especially more diverse sulfate-reducing bacteria. Through changing seasonal and operational conditions over almost two years, the relative abundance of the core phyla shifted in all reactors, but the smallest changes in functional gene copies were observed in VFPs containing CS. These results suggest that the high diversity and stability of microbial communities associated with CS are consistent with effective AMD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jessica A Grembi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sara S Goots
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Calfee, Halter & Griswold, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Bioinformatics, Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - István Albert
- Bioinformatics, Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Rachel A Brennan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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12
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Sebastian A, Darmajaya G, Law N, Sutanto M, Kurniawan A. 353P Treatment outcome of temozolomide in elderly patients with glioblastoma: A systematic review. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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13
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Saini MK, Sebastian A, Shirotori Y, Soulier NT, Garcia Costas AM, Drautz-Moses DI, Schuster SC, Albert I, Haruta S, Hanada S, Thiel V, Tank M, Bryant DA. Genomic and Phenotypic Characterization of Chloracidobacterium Isolates Provides Evidence for Multiple Species. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:704168. [PMID: 34220789 PMCID: PMC8245765 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.704168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloracidobacterium is the first and until now the sole genus in the phylum Acidobacteriota (formerly Acidobacteria) whose members perform chlorophyll-dependent phototrophy (i.e., chlorophototrophy). An axenic isolate of Chloracidobacterium thermophilum (strain B T ) was previously obtained by using the inferred genome sequence from an enrichment culture and diel metatranscriptomic profiling analyses in situ to direct adjustments to the growth medium and incubation conditions, and thereby a defined growth medium for Chloracidobacterium thermophilum was developed. These advances allowed eight additional strains of Chloracidobacterium spp. to be isolated from microbial mat samples collected from Mushroom Spring, Yellowstone National Park, United States, at temperatures of 41, 52, and 60°C; an axenic strain was also isolated from Rupite hot spring in Bulgaria. All isolates are obligately photoheterotrophic, microaerophilic, non-motile, thermophilic, rod-shaped bacteria. Chloracidobacterium spp. synthesize multiple types of (bacterio-)chlorophylls and have type-1 reaction centers like those of green sulfur bacteria. Light harvesting is accomplished by the bacteriochlorophyll a-binding, Fenna-Matthews-Olson protein and chlorosomes containing bacteriochlorophyll c. Their genomes are approximately 3.7 Mbp in size and comprise two circular chromosomes with sizes of approximately 2.7 Mbp and 1.0 Mbp. Comparative genomic studies and phenotypic properties indicate that the nine isolates represent three species within the genus Chloracidobacterium. In addition to C. thermophilum, the microbial mats at Mushroom Spring contain a second species, tentatively named Chloracidobacterium aggregatum, which grows as aggregates in liquid cultures. The Bulgarian isolate, tentatively named Chloracidobacterium validum, will be proposed as the type species of the genus, Chloracidobacterium. Additionally, Chloracidobacterium will be proposed as the type genus of a new family, Chloracidobacteriaceae, within the order Blastocatellales, the class Blastocatellia, and the phylum Acidobacteriota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar Saini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- The Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Yoshiki Shirotori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Nathan T. Soulier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Amaya M. Garcia Costas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University-Pueblo, Pueblo, CO, United States
| | - Daniela I. Drautz-Moses
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephan C. Schuster
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Istvan Albert
- The Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Shin Haruta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hanada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Vera Thiel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- DSMZ – German Culture Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marcus Tank
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- DSMZ – German Culture Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Donald A. Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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Kamens HM, Miller CN, Caulfield JI, Zeid D, Horton WJ, Silva CP, Sebastian A, Albert I, Gould TJ, Fishbein D, Grigson PS, Cavigelli SA. Adolescent Stress Reduces Adult Morphine-Induced Behavioral Sensitization in C57BL/6J Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:678102. [PMID: 34149372 PMCID: PMC8209305 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.678102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deaths related to opioid use have skyrocketed in the United States, leading to a public health epidemic. Research has shown that both biological (genes) and environmental (stress) precursors are linked to opioid use. In particular, stress during adolescence-a critical period of frontal lobe development-influences the likelihood of abusing drugs. However, little is known about the biological mechanisms through which adolescent stress leads to long-term risk of opioid use, or whether genetic background moderates this response. Male and female C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice were exposed to chronic variable social stress (CVSS) or control conditions throughout adolescence and then tested for morphine locomotor sensitization or morphine consumption in adulthood. To examine possible mechanisms that underlie stress-induced changes in morphine behaviors, we assessed physiological changes in response to acute stress exposure and prefrontal cortex (PFC) miRNA gene expression. Adolescent stress did not influence morphine sensitization or consumption in BALB/cJ animals, and there was limited evidence of stress effects in female C57BL/6J mice. In contrast, male C57BL/6J mice exposed to adolescent CVSS had blunted morphine sensitization compared to control animals; no differences were observed in the acute locomotor response to morphine administration or morphine consumption. Physiologically, C57BL/6J mice exposed to CVSS had an attenuated corticosterone recovery following an acute stressor and downregulation of twelve miRNA in the PFC compared to control mice. The specificity of the effects for C57BL/6J vs. BALB/cJ mice provides evidence of a gene-environment interaction influencing opioid behaviors. However, this conclusion is dampened by limited locomotor sensitization observed in BALB/cJ mice. It remains possible that results may differ to other doses of morphine or other behavioral responses. Long-term differences in stress reactivity or miRNA expression in C57BL/6J mice suggests two possible biological mechanisms to evaluate in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Kamens
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Carley N. Miller
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Jasmine I. Caulfield
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Dana Zeid
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - William J. Horton
- Department of Psychology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, United States
| | - Constanza P. Silva
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Istvan Albert
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Thomas J. Gould
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Diana Fishbein
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- FPG Child Development Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Patricia Sue Grigson
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Sonia A. Cavigelli
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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Sebastian A, Tomelleri A, Kayani A, Tariq M, Prieto-Peña D, Inness S, Jackson J, Van der Geest K, Dasgupta B. POS0337 SOUTHEND PRE-TEST PROBABILITY SCORE AND HALO SCORE AS MARKERS FOR DIAGNOSIS AND MONITORING OF GCA: EARLY RESULTS FROM THE PROSPECTIVE HAS-GCA STUDY. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:EULAR recommends doppler ultrasound (US) as the first line imaging in patients with Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) suspect. Traditionally, US non-compressive halo sign has been used for diagnosis but prospective studies on response and disease monitoring are lackingObjectives:The HAS GCA study has the objective of prospectively assessing role of US in diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring in newly diagnosed GCA. We report early baseline and up to month 3 data on our current recruitment in a study that has suffered disruption from the pandemicMethods:HAS GCA (IRAS#264294) is an ongoing, prospective, multicentre study recruiting from referrals of suspected GCA to fast track clinics. The objective is to recruit 270 patients, including 68 GCA patients. Based on the Southend GCA clinical pre-test probability score (SPTPS)1, patients were stratified in to low, intermediate and high risk categories2. Temporal and axillary US Halo Scores were calculated from the halo thickness and extent in bilateral temporal arteries, parietal and frontal branches and axillary arteries. These individual scores were summed (TA Halo Score x1 plus; AA Halo Score x3) to generate a Total Halo Score (THS)3.Mann Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare baseline features between GCA and controls. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to evaluate disease features at baseline and at 3 months in GCA patients. Sensitivity (Sn) and Specificity (Sp) were calculated, where applicable. P value <0.05 is statistically significantResults:Ninety-three patients (29 GCA, 64 controls) have been recruited thus far: 18 completed 3-month follow up assessment; 4 were lost to follow up (2 died, 2 withdrew consent due to pandemic). Demographics, clinical features, and US results are shown (Table 1).Table 1.Baseline features of GCA patients and controls.GCA (n=29)Controls (n=64)P-valueAge, median (IQR)75 (71-80)67 (61.25 – 75.0)0.001Female, n (%)15 (42)50 (78)0.01SPTPS category, n (%) Low risk0 (0)31 (48)<0.001 Intermediate risk7 (24)25 (39)0.24 High risk22 (76)8 (13)<0.001Halo score (HS), median (range) Temporal artery HS10 (1-21)1 (0-9)<0.001 Axillary artery HS12 (0-18)6 (0-18)<0.001 Total HS21 (2-38)6 (0-19)<0.001Clinical features, n (%) Temporal headache21 (72)40 (63)0.48 Scalp tenderness17 (59)31 (48)0.38 Jaw claudication19 (66)4 (6)<0.001 PMR symptoms16 (55)6 (9)<0.001 Constitutional symptoms17 (59)18 (28)0.006 Visual disturbance18 (62)38 (59)1 Vision loss7 (24)4 (6)0.03Among GCA patients, 23 had cranial, 2 large-vessel and 4 mixed phenotypes (cranial plus large vessel) disease.Jaw claudication (66%) and polymyalgic symptoms (55%) were the dominant features in GCA patients. Median age 75 years in GCA (42% females) and 67 years in controls (78% females). GCA and controls were stratified by SPTPS to Low risk (0% vs 48%; Sn-undefined, Sp-97), Intermediate risk (24% vs 39%; Sn-100, Sp-100) and High risk (76% vs 13%; Sn-95, Sp-88). Optimal SPTPS cut-off point was ≥12 (Sn-93, Sp-86); ≥10 (Sn-100 & Sp-69).Median THS was 21 in GCA and 6 in controls. Optimal cut-off Halo Score in diagnosis was TAHS ≥5 (Sn-90, Sp-98), AAHS ≥11 (Sn-55, Sp-80), THS ≥18 (Sn-72%, Sp-98%). Among the 18 patients who completed 3-months follow up, median TAHS, AAHS and THS reduced from 10 to 2.5, 12 to 6 and 21 to 10, respectively (Figure 1).Conclusion:Along with SPTPS, Halo Score successfully discriminates GCA from non GCA mimics. HS is effective in showing 3-month response and may be a useful marker to monitor GCA disease activity.References:[1]Laskou F et al. A probability score to aid the diagnosis of suspected giant cell arteritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2019[2]Sebastian A et al. Probability-based algorithm using ultrasound and additional tests for suspected GCA in a fast-track clinic. RMD Open. 2020[3]Sebastian A et al. Halo score (temporal artery, its branches and axillary artery) as a diagnostic, prognostic and disease monitoring tool for Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA). BMC Rheumatol. 2020Disclosure of Interests:Alwin Sebastian: None declared, Alessandro Tomelleri: None declared, Abdul Kayani: None declared, Mohammad Tariq: None declared, Diana Prieto-Peña: None declared, Sue Inness: None declared, Jo Jackson: None declared, Kornelis van der Geest Speakers bureau: Roche, Bhaskar Dasgupta Speakers bureau: Roche, GSK, BMS, Sanofi, Abbie, Grant/research support from: Roche
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16
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Feldmann J, Youngblood N, Karpov M, Gehring H, Li X, Stappers M, Le Gallo M, Fu X, Lukashchuk A, Raja AS, Liu J, Wright CD, Sebastian A, Kippenberg TJ, Pernice WHP, Bhaskaran H. Publisher Correction: Parallel convolutional processing using an integrated photonic tensor core. Nature 2021; 591:E13. [PMID: 33623119 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Feldmann
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - N Youngblood
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M Karpov
- Laboratory of Photonics and Quantum Measurements, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H Gehring
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - X Li
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Stappers
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - M Le Gallo
- IBM Research Europe, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - X Fu
- Laboratory of Photonics and Quantum Measurements, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Lukashchuk
- Laboratory of Photonics and Quantum Measurements, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A S Raja
- Laboratory of Photonics and Quantum Measurements, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Liu
- Laboratory of Photonics and Quantum Measurements, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C D Wright
- Department of Engineering, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - A Sebastian
- IBM Research Europe, Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
| | - T J Kippenberg
- Laboratory of Photonics and Quantum Measurements, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - W H P Pernice
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany. .,Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - H Bhaskaran
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Rufai SB, McIntosh F, Poojary I, Chothe S, Sebastian A, Albert I, Praul C, Venkatesan M, Mahata G, Maity H, Dandapat P, Michael JS, Katani R, Kapur V, Behr MA. Complete Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium orygis Strain 51145. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:e01279-20. [PMID: 33414309 PMCID: PMC8407732 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01279-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the complete 4,352,172-bp genome sequence of Mycobacterium orygis strain 51145 assembled into a single circular chromosome. Comparative genomic analyses with other lineages of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex can provide insights into the biology, evolution, and epidemiology of this important group of pathogenic mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Beenish Rufai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Fiona McIntosh
- McGill International TB Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Indira Poojary
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shubhada Chothe
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Istvan Albert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Craig Praul
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Manigandan Venkatesan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India
| | - Gibarni Mahata
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hindol Maity
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Cisgen Biotech Discoveries, Chennai, India
| | - Premanshu Dandapat
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Eastern Region Station, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Joy Sarojini Michael
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India
| | - Robab Katani
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Animal Science and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vivek Kapur
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Animal Science and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marcel A Behr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
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Goldberg LR, Zeid D, Kutlu MG, Cole RD, Lallai V, Sebastian A, Albert I, Fowler CD, Parikh V, Gould TJ. Paternal nicotine enhances fear memory, reduces nicotine administration, and alters hippocampal genetic and neural function in offspring. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12859. [PMID: 31782218 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine use remains highly prevalent with tobacco and e-cigarette products consumed worldwide. However, increasing evidence of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance suggests that nicotine use may alter behavior and neurobiology in subsequent generations. We tested the effects of chronic paternal nicotine exposure in C57BL6/J mice on fear conditioning in F1 and F2 offspring, as well as conditioned fear extinction and spontaneous recovery, nicotine self-administration, hippocampal cholinergic functioning, RNA expression, and DNA methylation in F1 offspring. Paternal nicotine exposure was associated with enhanced contextual and cued fear conditioning and spontaneous recovery of extinguished fear memories. Further, nicotine reinforcement was reduced in nicotine-sired mice, as assessed in a self-administration paradigm. These behavioral phenotypes were coupled with altered response to nicotine, upregulated hippocampal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding, reduced evoked hippocampal cholinergic currents, and altered methylation and expression of hippocampal genes related to neural development and plasticity. Gene expression analysis suggests multigenerational effects on broader gene networks potentially involved in neuroplasticity and mental disorders. The changes in fear conditioning similarly suggest phenotypes analogous to anxiety disorders similar to post-traumatic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R. Goldberg
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Penn State University University Park Pennsylvania
| | - Dana Zeid
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Penn State University University Park Pennsylvania
| | - Munir Gunes Kutlu
- Department of Pharmacology Vanderbilt School of Medicine Nashville Tennessee
| | - Robert D. Cole
- College of Pharmacy University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky
| | - Valeria Lallai
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior University of California Irvine Irvine California
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Bioinformatics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Penn State University University Park PA
| | - Istvan Albert
- Bioinformatics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Penn State University University Park PA
| | - Christie D. Fowler
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior University of California Irvine Irvine California
| | - Vinay Parikh
- Department of Psychology Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas J. Gould
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Penn State University University Park Pennsylvania
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Kuchipudi S, Shabbir M, Nissly R, Ahad A, Rabbani M, Lim L, Chothe S, Subbiah M, Sebastian A, Albert I, Ul-Rahman A, Jayarao B. Genomic characterization of velogenic avian orthoavulavirus 1 isolates from poultry workers: Implications to emergence and its zoonotic potential towards public health. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.306762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Saini MK, ChihChe W, Soulier N, Sebastian A, Albert I, Thiel V, Bryant DA, Hanada S, Tank M. Caldichromatium japonicum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel thermophilic phototrophic purple sulphur bacterium of the Chromatiaceae isolated from Nakabusa hot springs, Japan. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:5701-5710. [PMID: 32931408 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel thermophilic phototrophic purple sulphur bacterium was isolated from microbial mats (56 °C) at Nakabusa hot springs, Nagano prefecture, Japan. Cells were motile, rod-shaped, stain Gram-negative and stored sulphur globules intracellularly. Bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the normal spirilloxanthin series were the major pigments. Dense liquid cultures were red in colour. Strain No.7T was able to grow photoautotrophically using sulfide, thiosulfate, sulfite and hydrogen (in the presence of sulfide) as electron donors and bicarbonate as the sole carbon source. Optimum growth occurred under anaerobic conditions in the light at 50 °C (range, 40-56 °C) and pH 7.2 (range, pH 7-8). Major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (46.8 %), C16 : 1 ω7c (19.9 %), C18 : 1 ω7c (21.1 %), C14 : 0 (4.6 %) and C18 : 0 (2.4 %). The polar lipid profile showed phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids to be the major lipids. The only quinone detected was ubiquinone-8. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that the novel bacterium is only distantly related to Thermochromatium tepidum with a nucleotide identity of 90.4 %. The phylogenetic analysis supported the high novelty of strain No.7T with a long-branching phylogenetic position within the Chromatiaceae next to Thermochromatium tepidum. The genome comprised a circular chromosome of 2.99 Mbp (2 989 870 bp), included no plasmids and had a DNA G+C content of 61.2 mol%. Polyphasic taxonomic analyses of the isolate suggested strain No.7T is a novel genus within the Chromatiaceae. The proposed genus name of the second truly thermophilic purple sulphur bacterium is Caldichromatium gen. nov. with the type species Caldichromatium japonicum sp. nov. (DSM 110881=JCM 39101).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar Saini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan
| | - Weng ChihChe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan
| | - Nathan Soulier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802, USA
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Istvan Albert
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802, USA
| | - Vera Thiel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802, USA
| | - Satoshi Hanada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan
| | - Marcus Tank
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan.,DSMZ - German Culture Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, GmbH Inhoffenstraße 7B 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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Aberra N, Sebastian A, Maloy AP, Rees CB, Bartron ML, Albert I. Bioinformatics recipes: creating, executing and distributing reproducible data analysis workflows. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:292. [PMID: 32640986 PMCID: PMC7346607 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-03602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bioinformaticians collaborating with life scientists need software that allows them to involve their collaborators in the process of data analysis. Results We have developed a web application that allows researchers to publish and execute data analysis scripts. Within the platform bioinformaticians are able to deploy data analysis workflows (recipes) that their collaborators can execute via point and click interfaces. The results generated by the recipes are viewable via the web interface and consist of a snapshot of all the commands, printed messages and files that have been generated during the recipe run. A demonstration version of our software is available at https://www.bioinformatics.recipes/. Detailed documentation for the software is available at: https://bioinformatics-recipes.readthedocs.io. The source code for the software is distributed through GitHub at https://github.com/ialbert/biostar-central. Conclusions Our software platform supports collaborative interactions between bioinformaticians and life scientists. The software is presented via a web application that provides a high utility and user-friendly approach for conducting reproducible research. The recipes developed and shared through the web application are generic, with broad applicability and may be downloaded and executed on other computing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natay Aberra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 201 Old Main, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 201 Old Main, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Aaron P Maloy
- Northeast Fisheries Center, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Lamar, PA, 16848, USA
| | - Christopher B Rees
- Northeast Fisheries Center, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Lamar, PA, 16848, USA
| | - Meredith L Bartron
- Northeast Fisheries Center, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Lamar, PA, 16848, USA
| | - Istvan Albert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 201 Old Main, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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22
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Ford SA, Albert I, Allen SL, Chenoweth SF, Jones M, Koh C, Sebastian A, Sigle LT, McGraw EA. Artificial Selection Finds New Hypotheses for the Mechanism of Wolbachia-Mediated Dengue Blocking in Mosquitoes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1456. [PMID: 32733407 PMCID: PMC7358395 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolbachia is an intracellular bacterium that blocks virus replication in insects and has been introduced into the mosquito, Aedes aegypti for the biocontrol of arboviruses including dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. Despite ongoing research, the mechanism of Wolbachia-mediated virus blocking remains unclear. We recently used experimental evolution to reveal that Wolbachia-mediated dengue blocking could be selected upon in the A. aegypti host and showed evidence that strong levels of blocking could be maintained by natural selection. In this study, we investigate the genetic variation associated with blocking and use these analyses to generate testable hypotheses surrounding the mechanism of Wolbachia-mediated dengue blocking. From our results, we hypothesize that Wolbachia may block virus replication by increasing the regeneration rate of mosquito cells via the Notch signaling pathway. We also propose that Wolbachia modulates the host’s transcriptional pausing pathway either to prime the host’s anti-viral response or to directly inhibit viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne A Ford
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States.,School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Istvan Albert
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Scott L Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephen F Chenoweth
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew Jones
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Cassandra Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Leah T Sigle
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A McGraw
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States.,School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Sebastian A, Kayani A, Ranasinghe C, Dasgupta B. SAT0249 A PROBABILITY-BASED DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM FOR SUSPECTED GCA. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Clinical presentation of GCA is protean. It is vital to make a secure diagnosis, exclude mimics urgently and avoid inappropriate steroids to minimise side effects. Fast track GCA clinics (FTC) provide rapid specialist assessment with temporal and axillary US (1). EULAR recommendations support US as first-choice test. A pre-test probability score (PTPS) stratifies patients to low (LC), intermediate (IC) and high-risk (HC) categories.Objectives:To validate a diagnostic GCA algorithm based on stratification by PTPS, with sequential US and additional tests (AT), if necessaryMethods:For the algorithm (Figure) retrospective data was extracted from case records of cases seen in 2019. PTPS overall showed median (Q2) score of 9,75thpercentile (Q3) score 12. Based on this and reported cut-off 9.5 (2) we classified LC as PTPS <9, IC 9-12 and HC >12 (Graph). GCA diagnosis was by modified GiACTA including US (Halo), CRP > 5 mg/L and AT if necessary. The algorithm performance was assessed overall and in individual categories.Results:Of 187 consecutive cases, 13 were excluded for incomplete data (tertiary referrals). In remaining 174, GCA confirmed 33%, mean age 72.4 years, 69% females,45% LC, 35% IC, and 20% HC. 130 (75%) had US whereas 44 did not (41 LC, 3 IC) (Figure)In HC, 25/31 (81%) were US +ve, 19 treated as GCA without AT, 6 with AT (Table 2). Of 6 US -ve 3 had GCA confirmed by AT (PET-CT 2, TAB 1). US in HC showed sensitivity 89%, specificity 75%, accuracy 87%, GCA prevalence 87%, mean CRP 65.52 (SEM+/- 8.67).Table 1.US performance with PTPSCategory(n)USGCA, nNon-GCA, nSensitivity (%)Specificity (%)PPV (%)NPV(%)Prevalence (%)Accuracy(%)HC (31)+24124/27(89)3/4(75)24/25(96)3/6(50)27/31(87)(24 + 3)/31(87)-33IC (65)+30030/30(100)35/35(100)30/30(100)35/35(100)30/65(46)(30 + 35)/65(100)-035LC (78)+010/0 (undefined)77/78(99)0/1(0)77/77(100)0/78(0)(0 + 77)/78(99)-077Total (174)+54254/57(95)115/117(98)54/56(96)115/118(97)57/174(33)(54 + 115)/174(97)-3115Abbreviations: GCA, Giant cell arteritis; NPV, Negative predictive value; PPV, Positive predictive value; US, UltrasoundTable 2.US, AT & confirmed diagnosisCategoryUltrasoundNo of ATType of ATFinal Diagnosis+veNot done-veLC(78)1393871x TAB (-), CTB (-)Fibromyalgia1x TAB (-), MRA (-), MR neck (+)Tongue cancer1x CTA (+)Stroke1x CTCAP (-)IA1x PET (-)PMR1xTAB (-)NA AION1x PET (-)CVAIC(65)30332155x TAB (-), 2x PET (-)Not GCA2x TAB (+), 6x PET (+)GCAHC(31)2506101x PET (-)URTI1x TAB (-)NAAION2x PET (+)1x TAB (+)1x CTA (+)1x MRA (+)GCA1x PET (-)2x CTA (-)1x CTCAP (-)Abbreviations: AT, Additional test; CTA, Computed tomography angiogram; CTB, Computed tomography of brain; CTCAP, Computed tomography of chest, abdomen and pelvis; GCA, Giant cell arteritis; IA, Inflammatory arthritis; MRA, Magnetic resonant angiogram; NA AION, Non arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuritis; PET, Position emission tomography; TAB, Temporal artery biopsy; URTI, Upper respiratory tract infectionIn LC, 38 (49%) were US - ve, of whom 5 had AT. US not done on 39 (50%) for either PTPS very low or urgent alternative diagnosis. 1 went on to AT. 1 was US positive and had GCA excluded with AT. US in LC showed specificity 99%, sensitivity 0/0 (undefined), accuracy 99%, GCA prevalence 0%, mean CRP 21.79 (SEM+/- 3.80)In IC, 30/65 (46%) were US +ve 8 had AT (all GCA confirmed) while on treatment. 32 (49%) US negative where 7 had AT (all GCA excluded). 3 did not have US. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of US was all 100%, GCA prevalence 46%, mean CRP 39.05 (SEM+/- 5.04)US test performance overall sensitivity 95%, specificity 98%, accuracy 97%Conclusion:PTPS successfully stratifies GCA, excludes mimics and enhances US performance. The algorithm interprets correctly US findings and choice of AT.References:[1]Patil et al Clin Exp Rheumatol 2015;33(Suppl 89): S103–6.[2]Laskou et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2019 Feb 15Disclosure of Interests:Alwin Sebastian: None declared, Abdul Kayani: None declared, Chavini Ranasinghe: None declared, Bhaskar Dasgupta Grant/research support from: Roche, Consultant of: Roche, Sanofi, GSK, BMS, AbbVie, Speakers bureau: Roche
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24
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Harvestine JN, Gonzalez-Fernandez T, Sebastian A, Hum NR, Genetos DC, Loots GG, Leach JK. Osteogenic preconditioning in perfusion bioreactors improves vascularization and bone formation by human bone marrow aspirates. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaay2387. [PMID: 32095526 PMCID: PMC7015678 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay2387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a niche to promote osteogenic differentiation, cell adhesion, survival, and trophic factor secretion. To determine whether osteogenic preconditioning would improve the bone-forming potential of unfractionated bone marrow aspirate (BMA), we perfused cells on ECM-coated scaffolds to generate naïve and preconditioned constructs, respectively. The composition of cells selected from BMA was distinct on each scaffold. Naïve constructs exhibited robust proangiogenic potential in vitro, while preconditioned scaffolds contained more mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) and exhibited an osteogenic phenotype. Upon implantation into an orthotopic calvarial defect, BMA-derived ECs were present in vessels in preconditioned implants, resulting in robust perfusion and greater vessel density over the first 14 days compared to naïve implants. After 10 weeks, human ECs and differentiated MSCs were detected in de novo tissues derived from naïve and preconditioned scaffolds. These results demonstrate that bioreactor-based preconditioning augments the bone-forming potential of BMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. N. Harvestine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - T. Gonzalez-Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - A. Sebastian
- Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - N. R. Hum
- Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - D. C. Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - G. G. Loots
- Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - J. K. Leach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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26
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Horton WJ, Jensen M, Sebastian A, Praul CA, Albert I, Bartell PA. Transcriptome Analyses of Heart and Liver Reveal Novel Pathways for Regulating Songbird Migration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6058. [PMID: 30988315 PMCID: PMC6465361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many birds undertake long biannual voyages during the night. During these times of the year birds drastically reduce their amount of sleep, yet curiously perform as well on tests of physical and cognitive performance than during non-migrating times of the year. This inherent physiological protection disappears when birds are forced to stay awake at other times of the year; thus these protective changes are only associated with the nocturnal migratory state. The goal of the current study was to identify the physiological mechanisms that confer protection against the consequences of sleep loss while simultaneously allowing for the increased physical performance required for migration. We performed RNA-seq analyses of heart and liver collected from birds at different times of day under different migratory states and analyzed these data using differential expression, pathway analysis and WGCNA. We identified changes in gene expression networks implicating multiple systems and pathways. These pathways regulate many aspects of metabolism, immune function, wound repair, and protection of multiple organ systems. Consequently, the circannual program controlling the appearance of the migratory phenotype involves the complex regulation of diverse gene networks associated with the physical demands of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Horton
- Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Matthew Jensen
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Craig A Praul
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Istvan Albert
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Paul A Bartell
- Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Center for Brain, Behavior & Cognition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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27
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Pokou DN, Fister AS, Winters N, Tahi M, Klotioloma C, Sebastian A, Marden JH, Maximova SN, Guiltinan MJ. Resistant and susceptible cacao genotypes exhibit defense gene polymorphism and unique early responses to Phytophthora megakarya inoculation. Plant Mol Biol 2019; 99:499-516. [PMID: 30739243 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Key genes potentially involved in cacao disease resistance were identified by transcriptomic analysis of important cacao cultivars. Defense gene polymorphisms were identified which could contribute to pathogen recognition capacity. Cacao suffers significant annual losses to the water mold Phytophthora spp. (Oomycetes). In West Africa, P. megakarya poses a major threat to farmer livelihood and the stability of cocoa production. As part of a long-term goal to define key disease resistance genes in cacao, here we use a transcriptomic analysis of the disease-resistant cacao clone SCA6 and the susceptible clone NA32 to characterize basal differences in gene expression, early responses to infection, and polymorphisms in defense genes. Gene expression measurements by RNA-seq along a time course revealed the strongest transcriptomic response 24 h after inoculation in the resistant genotype. We observed strong regulation of several pathogenesis-related genes, pattern recognition receptors, and resistance genes, which could be critical for the ability of SCA6 to combat infection. These classes of genes also showed differences in basal expression between the two genotypes prior to infection, suggesting that prophylactic expression of defense-associated genes could contribute to SCA6's broad-spectrum disease resistance. Finally, we analyzed polymorphism in a set of defense-associated receptors, identifying coding variants between SCA6 and NA32 which could contribute to unique capacities for pathogen recognition. This work is an important step toward characterizing genetic differences underlying a successful defense response in cacao.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désiré N Pokou
- Centre National de Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire Central de Biotechnologie, 01 BP 1740, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Andrew S Fister
- Department of Plant Sciences, Life Sciences Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Noah Winters
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mathias Tahi
- Centre National de Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire Central de Biotechnologie, 01 BP 1740, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Coulibaly Klotioloma
- Centre National de Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire Central de Biotechnologie, 01 BP 1740, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - James H Marden
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Siela N Maximova
- Department of Plant Sciences, Life Sciences Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mark J Guiltinan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Life Sciences Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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Painter HJ, Chung NC, Sebastian A, Albert I, Storey JD, Llinás M. Genome-wide real-time in vivo transcriptional dynamics during Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage development. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2656. [PMID: 29985403 PMCID: PMC6037754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide analysis of transcription in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum has revealed robust variation in steady-state mRNA abundance throughout the 48-h intraerythrocytic developmental cycle (IDC), suggesting that this process is highly dynamic and tightly regulated. Here, we utilize rapid 4-thiouracil (4-TU) incorporation via pyrimidine salvage to specifically label, capture, and quantify newly-synthesized RNA transcripts at every hour throughout the IDC. This high-resolution global analysis of the transcriptome captures the timing and rate of transcription for each newly synthesized mRNA in vivo, revealing active transcription throughout all IDC stages. Using a statistical model to predict the mRNA dynamics contributing to the total mRNA abundance at each timepoint, we find varying degrees of transcription and stabilization for each mRNA corresponding to developmental transitions. Finally, our results provide new insight into co-regulation of mRNAs throughout the IDC through regulatory DNA sequence motifs, thereby expanding our understanding of P. falciparum mRNA dynamics. Transcriptomic analysis often doesn’t differentiate between newly synthesized and stabilized mRNAs. Using rapid 4-thiouracil incorporation, Painter et al. here define genome-wide active transcription throughout Plasmodium blood-stage developmental stages and identify associated regulatory DNA sequence motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Painter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Huck Center for Malaria Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Neo Christopher Chung
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.,Institute of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics, and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Istvan Albert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - John D Storey
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.,Center for Statistics and Machine Learning, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Manuel Llinás
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Huck Center for Malaria Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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29
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Chothe SK, Sebastian A, Thomas A, Nissly RH, Wolfgang D, Byukusenge M, Mor SK, Goyal SM, Albert I, Tewari D, Jayarao BM, Kuchipudi SV. Whole-genome sequence analysis reveals unique SNP profiles to distinguish vaccine and wild-type strains of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1). Virology 2018; 522:27-36. [PMID: 30014855 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is a major pathogen affecting cattle worldwide causing primarily respiratory illness referred to as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), along with reproductive disorders including abortion and infertility in cattle. While modified live vaccines (MLVs) effectively induce immune response against BoHV-1, they are implicated in disease outbreaks in cattle. Current diagnostic methods cannot distinguish between MLVs and field strains of BoHV-1. We performed whole genome sequencing of 18 BoHV-1 isolates from Pennsylvania and Minnesota along with five BoHV-1 vaccine strains using the Illumina Miseq platform. Based on nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) the sequences were clustered into three groups with two different vaccine groups and one distinct cluster of field isolates. Using this information, we developed a novel SNP-based PCR assay that can allow differentiation of vaccine and clinical strains and help accurately determine the incidence of BoHV-1 and the association of MLVs with clinical disease in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhada K Chothe
- Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Asha Thomas
- Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Ruth H Nissly
- Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - David Wolfgang
- Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Harrisburg, PA, United States
| | - Maurice Byukusenge
- Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Sunil Kumar Mor
- Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Sagar M Goyal
- Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Istvan Albert
- Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Deepanker Tewari
- Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Harrisburg, PA, United States
| | - Bhushan M Jayarao
- Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Suresh V Kuchipudi
- Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
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Silva CP, Horton WJ, Caruso MJ, Sebastian A, Klein LC, Albert I, Kamens HM. The influence of adolescent nicotine exposure on ethanol intake and brain gene expression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198935. [PMID: 29912970 PMCID: PMC6005571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine and alcohol are often co-abused. Adolescence is a vulnerable period for the initiation of both nicotine and alcohol use, which can lead to subsequent neurodevelopmental and behavioral alterations. It is possible that during this vulnerable period, use of one drug leads to neurobiological alterations that affect subsequent consumption of the other drug. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of nicotine exposure during adolescence on ethanol intake, and the effect of these substances on brain gene expression. Forty-three adolescent female C57BL/6J mice were assigned to four groups. In the first phase of the experiment, adolescent mice (PND 36-41 days) were exposed to three bottles filled with water or nicotine (200 μg/ml) for 22 h a day and a single bottle of water 2 h a day for six days. In the second phase (PND 42-45 days), the 4-day Drinking-in-the-Dark paradigm consisting of access to 20% v/v ethanol or water for 2h or 4h (the last day) was overlaid during the time when the mice did not have nicotine available. Ethanol consumption (g/kg) and blood ethanol concentrations (BEC, mg %) were measured on the final day and whole brains including the cerebellum, were dissected for RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) were detected with CuffDiff and gene networks were built using WGCNA. Prior nicotine exposure increased ethanol consumption and resulting BEC. Significant DEG and biological pathways found in the group exposed to both nicotine and ethanol included genes important in stress-related neuropeptide signaling, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, glutamate release, GABA signaling, and dopamine release. These results replicate our earlier findings that nicotine exposure during adolescence increases ethanol consumption and extends this work by examining gene expression differences which could mediate these behavioral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza P. Silva
- Biobehavioral Health Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - William J. Horton
- Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Caruso
- Biobehavioral Health Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Laura C. Klein
- Biobehavioral Health Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Istvan Albert
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Helen M. Kamens
- Biobehavioral Health Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Gong N, Idé T, Kim S, Boybat I, Sebastian A, Narayanan V, Ando T. Signal and noise extraction from analog memory elements for neuromorphic computing. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2102. [PMID: 29844421 PMCID: PMC5974407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dense crossbar arrays of non-volatile memory (NVM) can potentially enable massively parallel and highly energy-efficient neuromorphic computing systems. The key requirements for the NVM elements are continuous (analog-like) conductance tuning capability and switching symmetry with acceptable noise levels. However, most NVM devices show non-linear and asymmetric switching behaviors. Such non-linear behaviors render separation of signal and noise extremely difficult with conventional characterization techniques. In this study, we establish a practical methodology based on Gaussian process regression to address this issue. The methodology is agnostic to switching mechanisms and applicable to various NVM devices. We show tradeoff between switching symmetry and signal-to-noise ratio for HfO2-based resistive random access memory. Then, we characterize 1000 phase-change memory devices based on Ge2Sb2Te5 and separate total variability into device-to-device variability and inherent randomness from individual devices. These results highlight the usefulness of our methodology to realize ideal NVM devices for neuromorphic computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gong
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, 1101 Kitchawan Road, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, 10 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - T Idé
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, 1101 Kitchawan Road, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598, USA
| | - S Kim
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, 1101 Kitchawan Road, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598, USA
| | - I Boybat
- IBM Research-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803, Rüschlikon, Switzerland.,Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Route Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Sebastian
- IBM Research-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - V Narayanan
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, 1101 Kitchawan Road, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598, USA
| | - T Ando
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, 1101 Kitchawan Road, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598, USA.
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32
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Liang X, Hart KJ, Dong G, Siddiqui FA, Sebastian A, Li X, Albert I, Miao J, Lindner SE, Cui L. Puf3 participates in ribosomal biogenesis in malaria parasites. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.212597. [PMID: 29487181 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.212597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterized the Puf family gene member Puf3 in the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium yoelii Secondary structure prediction suggested that the RNA-binding domains of the Puf3 proteins consisted of 11 pumilio repeats that were similar to those in the human Puf-A (also known as PUM3) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Puf6 proteins, which are involved in ribosome biogenesis. Neither P. falciparum (Pf)Puf3 nor P. yoelii (Py)Puf3 could be genetically disrupted, suggesting they may be essential for the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle. Cellular fractionation of PfPuf3 in the asexual stages revealed preferential partitioning to the nuclear fraction, consistent with nuclear localization of PfPuf3::GFP and PyPuf3::GFP as detected by immunofluorescence. Furthermore, PfPuf3 colocalized with the nucleolar marker PfNop1, demonstrating that PfPuf3 is a nucleolar protein in the asexual stages. We found, however, that PyPuf3 changed its localization from being nucleolar to being present in cytosolic puncta in the mosquito and liver stages, which may reflect alternative functions in these stages. Affinity purification of molecules that associated with a PTP-tagged variant of PfPuf3 revealed 31 proteins associated with the 60S ribosome, and an enrichment of 28S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer 2 sequences. Taken together, these results suggest an essential function for PfPuf3 in ribosomal biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liang
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kevin J Hart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Malaria Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Gang Dong
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Faiza A Siddiqui
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Bioinformatics Consulting Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Xiaolian Li
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Istvan Albert
- Bioinformatics Consulting Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Jun Miao
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Scott E Lindner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Malaria Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Liwang Cui
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Bachmann TA, Koelmans WW, Jonnalagadda VP, Le Gallo M, Santini CA, Sebastian A, Eleftheriou E, Craciun MF, Wright CD. Memristive effects in oxygenated amorphous carbon nanodevices. Nanotechnology 2018; 29:035201. [PMID: 29235441 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa9a18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Computing with resistive-switching (memristive) memory devices has shown much recent progress and offers an attractive route to circumvent the von-Neumann bottleneck, i.e. the separation of processing and memory, which limits the performance of conventional computer architectures. Due to their good scalability and nanosecond switching speeds, carbon-based resistive-switching memory devices could play an important role in this respect. However, devices based on elemental carbon, such as tetrahedral amorphous carbon or ta-C, typically suffer from a low cycling endurance. A material that has proven to be capable of combining the advantages of elemental carbon-based memories with simple fabrication methods and good endurance performance for binary memory applications is oxygenated amorphous carbon, or a-CO x . Here, we examine the memristive capabilities of nanoscale a-CO x devices, in particular their ability to provide the multilevel and accumulation properties that underpin computing type applications. We show the successful operation of nanoscale a-CO x memory cells for both the storage of multilevel states (here 3-level) and for the provision of an arithmetic accumulator. We implement a base-16, or hexadecimal, accumulator and show how such a device can carry out hexadecimal arithmetic and simultaneously store the computed result in the self-same a-CO x cell, all using fast (sub-10 ns) and low-energy (sub-pJ) input pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Bachmann
- Centre for Graphene Science, CEMPS, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
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34
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Wan Y, Cheng G, Liu X, Hao SJ, Nisic M, Zhu CD, Xia YQ, Li WQ, Wang ZG, Zhang WL, Rice SJ, Sebastian A, Albert I, Belani CP, Zheng SY. Rapid magnetic isolation of extracellular vesicles via lipid-based nanoprobes. Nat Biomed Eng 2017; 1. [PMID: 28966872 PMCID: PMC5618714 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-017-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can mediate intercellular communication by transferring cargo proteins and nucleic acids between cells. The pathophysiological roles and clinical value of EVs are under intense investigation, yet most studies are limited by technical challenges in the isolation of nanoscale EVs (nEVs). Here, we report a lipid nanoprobe that enables spontaneous labelling and magnetic enrichment of nEVs in 15 minutes, with isolation efficiency and cargo composition similar to what can be achieved by the much slower and bulkier method of ultracentrifugation. We also show that the lipid nanoprobes, which allow for downstream analyses of nucleic acids and proteins, enabled the identification of EGFR and KRAS mutations following nEV isolation from blood plasma from non-small-cell lung-cancer patients. The efficiency and versatility of the lipid nanoprobe opens up opportunities in point-of-care cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,Penn State Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Gong Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,Penn State Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Xin Liu
- Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, U.S.A.,Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, U.S.A
| | - Si-Jie Hao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,Penn State Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Merisa Nisic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Chuan-Dong Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China, 210003
| | - Yi-Qiu Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,Penn State Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Wen-Qing Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,Penn State Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,Penn State Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Wen-Long Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,Penn State Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Shawn J Rice
- Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, U.S.A.,Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, U.S.A
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Istvan Albert
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Chandra P Belani
- Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, U.S.A.,Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, U.S.A
| | - Si-Yang Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,Penn State Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.,Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
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35
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Sebastian A, Thaneeru P, Nair R, Pasupati S. Impact of Patent Foramen Ovale Closure on the Frequency of Migraine: Waikato Hospital Experience. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Sebastian A, Prasad MNV. Iron plaque decreases cadmium accumulation in Oryza sativa L. and serves as a source of iron. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2016; 18:1008-1015. [PMID: 27439383 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination occurs in paddy soils; hence it is necessary to reduce Cd content of rice. Application and mode of action of ferrous sulphate in minimizing Cd in rice was monitored in the present study. Pot culture with Indian rice variety Swarna (MTU 7029) was maintained in Cd-spiked soil containing ferrous sulphates, which is expected to reduce Cd accumulation in rice. Responses in rhizosphere pH, root surface, metal accumulation in plant and molecular physiological processes were monitored. Iron plaque was induced on root surfaces after FeSO4 application and the amount of Fe in plaque reduced with increases in Cd in the soil. Rhizosphere pH decreased during plaque formation and became more acidic due to secretion of organic acids from the roots under Cd treatment. Moreover, iron chelate reductase activity increased with Cd treatment, but in the absence of Cd, activity of this enzyme increased in plaque-induced plants. Cd treatment caused expression of OsYSL18, whereas OsYSL15 was expressed only in roots without iron plaque. Fe content of plants increased during plaque formation, which protected plants from Cd-induced Fe deficiency and metal toxicity. This was corroborated with increased biomass, chlorophyll content and quantum efficiency of photo-synthesis among plaque-induced plants. We conclude that ferrous sulphate-induced iron plaque prevents Cd accumulation and Fe deficiency in rice. Iron released from plaque via organic acid mediated dissolution during Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sebastian
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - M N V Prasad
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
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37
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Migalska M, Sebastian A, Konczal M, Kotlík P, Radwan J. De novo transcriptome assembly facilitates characterisation of fast-evolving gene families, MHC class I in the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). Heredity (Edinb) 2016; 118:348-357. [PMID: 27782121 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a central role in the adaptive immune response and is the most polymorphic gene family in vertebrates. Although high-throughput sequencing has increasingly been used for genotyping families of co-amplifying MHC genes, its potential to facilitate early steps in the characterisation of MHC variation in nonmodel organism has not been fully explored. In this study we evaluated the usefulness of de novo transcriptome assembly in characterisation of MHC sequence diversity. We found that although de novo transcriptome assembly of MHC I genes does not reconstruct sequences of individual alleles, it does allow the identification of conserved regions for PCR primer design. Using the newly designed primers, we characterised MHC I sequences in the bank vole. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial MHC I coding sequence (2-4 exons) of the bank vole revealed a lack of orthology to MHC I of other Cricetidae, consistent with the high gene turnover of this region. The diversity of expressed alleles was characterised using ultra-deep sequencing of the third exon that codes for the peptide-binding region of the MHC molecule. High allelic diversity was demonstrated, with 72 alleles found in 29 individuals. Interindividual variation in the number of expressed loci was found, with the number of alleles per individual ranging from 5 to 14. Strong signatures of positive selection were found for 8 amino acid sites, most of which are inferred to bind antigens in human MHC, indicating conservation of structure despite rapid sequence evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Migalska
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Sebastian
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Konczal
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - P Kotlík
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - J Radwan
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
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Abstract
Psychosocial assessment of transplant candidates is a challenging task. Securing adequate information is made more difficult when patients present with fulminant hepatic failure. When the patient cannot be interviewed and the family is reluctant to provide vital information, a comprehensive pretransplant psychosocial evaluation is virtually impossible. However, even the most difficult cases have the potential for a positive result when a good psychosocial profile of the patient is obtained after transplantation, a team treatment plan is developed and carried out which addresses current and anticipated problems, and the patient obtains mental health treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Carlson
- Nazih Zuhdi Transplantation Institute, Oklahoma City, Okla., USA
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39
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Yeh YT, Tang Y, Sebastian A, Dasgupta A, Perea-Lopez N, Albert I, Lu H, Terrones M, Zheng SY. Tunable and label-free virus enrichment for ultrasensitive virus detection using carbon nanotube arrays. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1601026. [PMID: 27730213 PMCID: PMC5055386 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Viral infectious diseases can erupt unpredictably, spread rapidly, and ravage mass populations. Although established methods, such as polymerase chain reaction, virus isolation, and next-generation sequencing have been used to detect viruses, field samples with low virus count pose major challenges in virus surveillance and discovery. We report a unique carbon nanotube size-tunable enrichment microdevice (CNT-STEM) that efficiently enriches and concentrates viruses collected from field samples. The channel sidewall in the microdevice was made by growing arrays of vertically aligned nitrogen-doped multiwalled CNTs, where the intertubular distance between CNTs could be engineered in the range of 17 to 325 nm to accurately match the size of different viruses. The CNT-STEM significantly improves detection limits and virus isolation rates by at least 100 times. Using this device, we successfully identified an emerging avian influenza virus strain [A/duck/PA/02099/2012(H11N9)] and a novel virus strain (IBDV/turkey/PA/00924/14). Our unique method demonstrates the early detection of emerging viruses and the discovery of new viruses directly from field samples, thus creating a universal platform for effectively remediating viral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ting Yeh
- Micro and Nano Integrated Biosystem Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Penn State Material Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Archi Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Nestor Perea-Lopez
- Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Istvan Albert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Huaguang Lu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Penn State Material Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.T.); (S.-Y.Z.)
| | - Si-Yang Zheng
- Micro and Nano Integrated Biosystem Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Penn State Material Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.T.); (S.-Y.Z.)
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Hubbard TD, Murray IA, Bisson WH, Sullivan AP, Sebastian A, Perry GH, Jablonski NG, Perdew GH. Divergent Ah Receptor Ligand Selectivity during Hominin Evolution. Mol Biol Evol 2016; 33:2648-58. [PMID: 27486223 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified a fixed nonsynonymous sequence difference between humans (Val381; derived variant) and Neandertals (Ala381; ancestral variant) in the ligand-binding domain of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) gene. In an exome sequence analysis of four Neandertal and Denisovan individuals compared with nine modern humans, there are only 90 total nucleotide sites genome-wide for which archaic hominins are fixed for the ancestral nonsynonymous variant and the modern humans are fixed for the derived variant. Of those sites, only 27, including Val381 in the AHR, also have no reported variability in the human dbSNP database, further suggesting that this highly conserved functional variant is a rare event. Functional analysis of the amino acid variant Ala381 within the AHR carried by Neandertals and nonhuman primates indicate enhanced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) binding, DNA binding capacity, and AHR mediated transcriptional activity compared with the human AHR. Also relative to human AHR, the Neandertal AHR exhibited 150-1000 times greater sensitivity to induction of Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 expression by PAHs (e.g., benzo(a)pyrene). The resulting CYP1A1/CYP1B1 enzymes are responsible for PAH first pass metabolism, which can result in the generation of toxic intermediates and perhaps AHR-associated toxicities. In contrast, the human AHR retains the ancestral sensitivity observed in primates to nontoxic endogenous AHR ligands (e.g., indole, indoxyl sulfate). Our findings reveal that a functionally significant change in the AHR occurred uniquely in humans, relative to other primates, that would attenuate the response to many environmental pollutants, including chemicals present in smoke from fire use during cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy D Hubbard
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Iain A Murray
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Pennsylvania State University
| | - William H Bisson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University
| | | | | | - George H Perry
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University
| | | | - Gary H Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Pennsylvania State University
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41
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Cattadori IM, Sebastian A, Hao H, Katani R, Albert I, Eilertson KE, Kapur V, Pathak A, Mitchell S. Impact of Helminth Infections and Nutritional Constraints on the Small Intestine Microbiota. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159770. [PMID: 27438701 PMCID: PMC4954658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminth infections and nutrition can independently alter the composition and abundance of the gastrointestinal microbiota, however, their combined effect is poorly understood. Here, we used the T. retortaeformis-rabbit system to examine how the helminth infection and host restriction from coprophagy/ready-to-absorb nutrients affected the duodenal microbiota, and how these changes related to the acquired immune response at the site of infection. A factorial experiment was performed where the bacterial community, its functionality and the immune response were examined in four treatments (Infect, Infect+Collar, Control+Collar and Control). Helminths reduced the diversity and abundance of the microbiota while the combination of parasites and coprophagic restriction led to a more diversified and abundant microbiota than infected cases, without significantly affecting the intensity of infection. Animals restricted from coprophagy and free from parasites exhibited the richest and most abundant bacterial community. By forcing the individuals to absorb nutrients from less digested food, the coprophagic restriction appears to have facilitated the diversity and proliferation of bacteria in the duodenum. Changes in the microbiota were more clearly associated with changes in the immune response for the infected than the nutrient restricted animals. The functional and metabolic characteristics of the duodenal microbiota were not significantly different between treatments. Overall, infection and diet affect the gut microbiota but their interactions and outcome can be complex. These findings can have important implications for the development of control measures to helminth infections where poor nutrition/malnutrition can also be a concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella M. Cattadori
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
| | - Han Hao
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
| | - Robab Katani
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
| | - Istvan Albert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
| | - Kirsten E. Eilertson
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
| | - Vivek Kapur
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
| | - Ashutosh Pathak
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
| | - Susan Mitchell
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
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Mwaikono KS, Maina S, Sebastian A, Schilling M, Kapur V, Gwakisa P. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA Gene Reveals Substantial Bacterial Diversity on the Municipal Dumpsite. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:145. [PMID: 27400733 PMCID: PMC4940873 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple types of solid waste in developing countries is disposed of together in dumpsites where there is interaction between humans, animals and the bacteria in the waste. To study the bacteria at the dumpsite and the associated risks, previous studies have focused on culturable, leaving behind a great number of unculturable bacteria. This study focuses on a more comprehensive approach to study bacteria at the dumpsite. Since the site comprised of unsorted wastes, a qualitative survey was first performed to identify the variety of solid waste as this has influence on the microbial composition. Thus, domestic (Dom), biomedical (Biom), river sludge (Riv), and fecal material of pigs scavenging on the dumpsite (FecD) were sampled. Total DNA was extracted from 78 samples and the v4-16S rRNA amplicons was characterized using an Illumina MiSeq platform. Results A total of 8,469,294 sequences passed quality control. Catchall analysis predicted a mean of 8243 species per sample. Diversity was high with an average InvSimpson index of 44.21 ± 1.44. A total of 35 phyla were detected and the predominant were Firmicutes (38 %), Proteobacteria (35 %), Bacteroidetes (13 %) and Actinobacteria (3 %). Overall 76,862 OTUs were detected, however, only 20 % were found more than 10 times. The predominant OTUs were Acinetobacter (12.1 %), Clostridium sensu stricto (4.8 %), Proteinclasticum and Lactobacillus both at (3.4 %), Enterococcus (2.9 %) and Escherichia/Shigella (1.7 %). Indicator analysis (P ≤ 0.05, indicator value ≥ 70) shows that Halomonas, Idiomarina, Tisierella and Proteiniclasticum were associated with Biom; Enterococcus, Bifidobacteria, and Clostridium sensu stricto with FecD and Flavobacteria, Lysobacter and Commamonas to Riv. Acinetobacter and Clostridium sensu stricto were found in 62 % and 49 % of all samples, respectively, at the relative abundance of 1 %. None of OTUs was found across all samples. Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive report on the abundance and diversity bacteria in municipal dumpsite. The species richness reported here shows the complexity of this man-made ecosystem and calls for further research to assess for a link between human diseases and the dumpsite. This would provide insight into proper disposal of the waste, as well as, limit the risks to human health associated with the dumpsite. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0758-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilaza Samson Mwaikono
- Department of Science and Laboratory Technology, Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. .,School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania.
| | - Solomon Maina
- BecA-ILRI Hub International Livestock Research Institute, P. O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, W238A Millennium Science Complex, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Megan Schilling
- Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Molecular Cellular and Integrative Biosciences, the Pennsylvania State University, 204 Wartik Laboratories, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Vivek Kapur
- School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania.,Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Molecular Cellular and Integrative Biosciences, the Pennsylvania State University, 204 Wartik Laboratories, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Paul Gwakisa
- School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania.,Genome Sciences Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
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Jung H, Pena-Francesch A, Saadat A, Sebastian A, Kim DH, Hamilton RF, Albert I, Allen BD, Demirel MC. Molecular tandem repeat strategy for elucidating mechanical properties of high-strength proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:6478-83. [PMID: 27222581 PMCID: PMC4988609 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1521645113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Many globular and structural proteins have repetitions in their sequences or structures. However, a clear relationship between these repeats and their contribution to the mechanical properties remains elusive. We propose a new approach for the design and production of synthetic polypeptides that comprise one or more tandem copies of a single unit with distinct amorphous and ordered regions. Our designed sequences are based on a structural protein produced in squid suction cups that has a segmented copolymer structure with amorphous and crystalline domains. We produced segmented polypeptides with varying repeat number, while keeping the lengths and compositions of the amorphous and crystalline regions fixed. We showed that mechanical properties of these synthetic proteins could be tuned by modulating their molecular weights. Specifically, the toughness and extensibility of synthetic polypeptides increase as a function of the number of tandem repeats. This result suggests that the repetitions in native squid proteins could have a genetic advantage for increased toughness and flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihun Jung
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Abdon Pena-Francesch
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Alham Saadat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; Bioinformatics Consulting Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Reginald F Hamilton
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Istvan Albert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; Bioinformatics Consulting Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Benjamin D Allen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;
| | - Melik C Demirel
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;
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Tang Y, Lin L, Sebastian A, Lu H. Detection and characterization of two co-infection variant strains of avian orthoreovirus (ARV) in young layer chickens using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Sci Rep 2016; 6:24519. [PMID: 27089943 PMCID: PMC4835796 DOI: 10.1038/srep24519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) for full genomic characterization studies of the newly emerging avian orthoreovirus (ARV) field strains isolated in Pennsylvania poultry, we identified two co-infection ARV variant strains from one ARV isolate obtained from ARV-affected young layer chickens. The de novo assembly of the ARV reads generated 19 contigs of two different ARV variant strains according to 10 genome segments of each ARV strain. The two variants had the same M2 segment. The complete genomes of each of the two variant strains were 23,493 bp in length, and 10 dsRNA segments ranged from 1192 bp (S4) to 3958 bp (L1), encoding 12 viral proteins. Sequence comparison of nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) sequences of all 10 genome segments revealed 58.1–100% and 51.4–100% aa identity between the two variant strains, and 54.3–89.4% and 49.5–98.1% aa identity between the two variants and classic vaccine strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a moderate to significant nt sequence divergence between the two variant and ARV reference strains. These findings have demonstrated the first naturally occurring co-infection of two ARV variants in commercial young layer chickens, providing scientific evidence that multiple ARV strains can be simultaneously present in one host species of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tang
- Wiley Lab/Avian Virology, Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Lin Lin
- Wiley Lab/Avian Virology, Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Huaguang Lu
- Wiley Lab/Avian Virology, Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
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Mondal S, Yakhnin AV, Sebastian A, Albert I, Babitzke P. NusA-dependent transcription termination prevents misregulation of global gene expression. Nat Microbiol 2016; 1:15007. [PMID: 27571753 DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2015.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic transcription terminators consist of an RNA hairpin followed by a U-rich tract, and these signals can trigger termination without the involvement of additional factors. Although NusA is known to stimulate intrinsic termination in vitro, the in vivo targets and global impact of NusA are not known because it is essential for viability. Using genome-wide 3' end-mapping on an engineered Bacillus subtilis NusA depletion strain, we show that weak suboptimal terminators are the principle NusA substrates. Moreover, a subclass of weak non-canonical terminators was identified that completely depend on NusA for effective termination. NusA-dependent terminators tend to have weak hairpins and/or distal U-tract interruptions, supporting a model in which NusA is directly involved in the termination mechanism. Depletion of NusA altered global gene expression directly and indirectly via readthrough of suboptimal terminators. Readthrough of NusA-dependent terminators caused misregulation of genes involved in essential cellular functions, especially DNA replication and metabolism. We further show that nusA is autoregulated by a transcription attenuation mechanism that does not rely on antiterminator structures. Instead, NusA-stimulated termination in its 5' UTR dictates the extent of transcription into the operon, thereby ensuring tight control of cellular NusA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smarajit Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.,Center for RNA Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Alexander V Yakhnin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.,Center for RNA Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Bioinformatics Consulting Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Istvan Albert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.,Bioinformatics Consulting Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Paul Babitzke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.,Center for RNA Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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46
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Mondal S, Yakhnin AV, Sebastian A, Albert I, Babitzke P. Erratum: Corrigendum: NusA-dependent transcription termination prevents misregulation of global gene expression. Nat Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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de Bekker C, Ohm RA, Loreto RG, Sebastian A, Albert I, Merrow M, Brachmann A, Hughes DP. Gene expression during zombie ant biting behavior reflects the complexity underlying fungal parasitic behavioral manipulation. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:620. [PMID: 26285697 PMCID: PMC4545319 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive manipulation of animal behavior by parasites functions to increase parasite transmission through changes in host behavior. These changes can range from slight alterations in existing behaviors of the host to the establishment of wholly novel behaviors. The biting behavior observed in Carpenter ants infected by the specialized fungus Ophiocordyceps unilateralis s.l. is an example of the latter. Though parasitic manipulation of host behavior is generally assumed to be due to the parasite's gene expression, few studies have set out to test this. RESULTS We experimentally infected Carpenter ants to collect tissue from both parasite and host during the time period when manipulated biting behavior is experienced. Upon observation of synchronized biting, samples were collected and subjected to mixed RNA-Seq analysis. We also sequenced and annotated the O. unilateralis s.l. genome as a reference for the fungal sequencing reads. CONCLUSIONS Our mixed transcriptomics approach, together with a comparative genomics study, shows that the majority of the fungal genes that are up-regulated during manipulated biting behavior are unique to the O. unilateralis s.l. genome. This study furthermore reveals that the fungal parasite might be regulating immune- and neuronal stress responses in the host during manipulated biting, as well as impairing its chemosensory communication and causing apoptosis. Moreover, we found genes up-regulated during manipulation that putatively encode for proteins with reported effects on behavioral outputs, proteins involved in various neuropathologies and proteins involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charissa de Bekker
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Goethestrasse 31, 80336, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Entomology and Department of Biology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, 16802, PA, USA.
| | - Robin A Ohm
- Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Raquel G Loreto
- Department of Entomology and Department of Biology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, 16802, PA, USA
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, 70040-020, DF, Brazil
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Bioinformatics Consulting Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, 16802, PA, USA
| | - Istvan Albert
- Bioinformatics Consulting Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, 16802, PA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, 16802, PA, USA
| | - Martha Merrow
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Goethestrasse 31, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Brachmann
- Faculty of Biology, Section Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Grosshaderner Strasse 2-4, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - David P Hughes
- Department of Entomology and Department of Biology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, 16802, PA, USA.
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Dziadkowiak E, Sebastian A, Wiland P, Waliszewska-Prosół M, Wieczorek M, Zagrajek M, Ejma M. Endogenous event-related potentials in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome without central nervous system involvement. Scand J Rheumatol 2015; 44:487-94. [PMID: 26271272 DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2015.1032345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endogenous cognitive event-related potentials (CERPs) reflect higher-level processing of sensory information and can be used to evaluate cognitive functions. The aim of this paper was to determine whether there are any abnormalities in the electrophysiological parameters of CERPs in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) but without symptoms of central nervous system (CNS) involvement or mental disorder. The analysis of CERP parameters was then correlated with the clinical status of the patients and with some of the immunological parameters in the patient group. METHOD Thirty consecutive patients with pSS (29 females, one male) were included in the study. All the patients underwent CERP examination. RESULTS There was a significant prolongation of the latency of P300 and N200 potentials in patients with pSS. Abnormalities in electrophysiological parameters of CERPs correlated with the duration of the disease, salivary gland abnormalities, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) values. Patients with coexisting chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) had larger P300 amplitudes. There were no statistically significant changes in the electrophysiological parameters of CERPs in patients with pSS dependent on the presence of peripheral nervous system (PNS) lesions, skin changes, arthritis, abnormalities in white blood cells and the immune system or the levels of blood lipids. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study suggest the presence of a minor cognitive dysfunction in patients with pSS without symptoms of CNS involvement or mental disorder. Cognitive dysfunction correlated with the disease duration time and the severity of inflammatory changes (salivary gland abnormalities and inflammatory markers in the blood). Further and larger longitudinal studies are necessary for confirmation of this correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dziadkowiak
- a Department of Neurology , Wrocław Medical University , Poland
| | - A Sebastian
- b Department of Rheumatology , Wrocław Medical University , Poland
| | - P Wiland
- b Department of Rheumatology , Wrocław Medical University , Poland
| | | | - M Wieczorek
- c Department of Geography and Regional Development , University of Wrocław , Poland
| | - M Zagrajek
- a Department of Neurology , Wrocław Medical University , Poland
| | - M Ejma
- a Department of Neurology , Wrocław Medical University , Poland
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Zhang L, Nichols RG, Correll J, Murray IA, Tanaka N, Smith PB, Hubbard TD, Sebastian A, Albert I, Hatzakis E, Gonzalez FJ, Perdew GH, Patterson AD. Persistent Organic Pollutants Modify Gut Microbiota-Host Metabolic Homeostasis in Mice Through Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation. Environ Health Perspect 2015; 123:679-88. [PMID: 25768209 PMCID: PMC4492271 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alteration of the gut microbiota through diet and environmental contaminants may disturb physiological homeostasis, leading to various diseases including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Because most exposure to environmentally persistent organic pollutants (POPs) occurs through the diet, the host gastrointestinal tract and commensal gut microbiota are likely to be exposed to POPs. OBJECTIVES We examined the effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), a persistent environmental contaminant, on gut microbiota and host metabolism, and we examined correlations between gut microbiota composition and signaling pathways. METHODS Six-week-old male wild-type and Ahr-/- mice on the C57BL/6J background were treated with 24 μg/kg TCDF in the diet for 5 days. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics, targeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triplequadrupole mass spectrometry, and biochemical assays to determine the microbiota compositions and the physiological and metabolic effects of TCDF. RESULTS Dietary TCDF altered the gut microbiota by shifting the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. TCDF-treated mouse cecal contents were enriched with Butyrivibrio spp. but depleted in Oscillobacter spp. compared with vehicle-treated mice. These changes in the gut microbiota were associated with altered bile acid metabolism. Further, dietary TCDF inhibited the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling pathway, triggered significant inflammation and host metabolic disorders as a result of activation of bacterial fermentation, and altered hepatic lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenolysis in an AHR-dependent manner. CONCLUSION These findings provide new insights into the biochemical consequences of TCDF exposure involving the alteration of the gut microbiota, modulation of nuclear receptor signaling, and disruption of host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhang
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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50
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Zou D, McSweeney C, Sebastian A, Reynolds DJ, Dong F, Zhou Y, Deng D, Wang Y, Liu L, Zhu J, Zou J, Shi Y, Albert I, Mao Y. A critical role of RBM8a in proliferation and differentiation of embryonic neural progenitors. Neural Dev 2015; 10:18. [PMID: 26094033 PMCID: PMC4479087 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-015-0045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonsense mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is an RNA surveillance mechanism that controls RNA stability and ensures the speedy degradation of erroneous and unnecessary transcripts. This mechanism depends on several core factors in the exon junction complex (EJC), eIF4A3, RBM8a, Magoh, and BTZ, as well as peripheral factors to distinguish premature stop codons (PTCs) from normal stop codons in transcripts. Recently, emerging evidence has indicated that NMD factors are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). However, the mechanism in which these factors control embryonic brain development is not clear. Result We found that RBM8a is critical for proliferation and differentiation in cortical neural progenitor cells (NPCs). RBM8a is highly expressed in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the early embryonic cortex, suggesting that RBM8a may play a role in regulating NPCs. RBM8a overexpression stimulates embryonic NPC proliferation and suppresses neuronal differentiation. Conversely, knockdown of RBM8a in the neocortex reduces NPC proliferation and promotes premature neuronal differentiation. Moreover, overexpression of RBM8a suppresses cell cycle exit and keeps cortical NPCs in a proliferative state. To uncover the underlying mechanisms of this phenotype, genome-wide RNAseq was used to identify potential downstream genes of RBM8a in the brain, which have been implicated in autism and neurodevelopmental disorders. Interestingly, autism and schizophrenia risk genes are highly represented in downstream transcripts of RBM8a. In addition, RBM8a regulates multiple alternative splicing genes and NMD targets that are implicated in ASD. Taken together, this data suggests a novel role of RBM8a in the regulation of neurodevelopment. Conclusions Our studies provide some insight into causes of mental illnesses and will facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies for neurodevelopmental illnesses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13064-015-0045-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Zou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, China. .,Department of Geriatrics, The 303 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, China. .,Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Colleen McSweeney
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Derrick James Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Fengping Dong
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Yijing Zhou
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Dazhi Deng
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Department of Emergency, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, China.
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Department of Chemistry and Biology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Jizhong Zou
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Yongsheng Shi
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Istvan Albert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Yingwei Mao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, China. .,Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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