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Kalra S, Awasthi A, Arora S, Kapoor N. Allotriophagy And Allotriodipsia In Endocrinology. J PAK MED ASSOC 2023; 73:2284-2285. [PMID: 38013549 DOI: 10.47391/jpma.23-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Allotriophagy is defined as food cravings that are different from the expected or the norm. It gives clinical pointers to an underlying diagnosis. We propose a new term, allotriodipsia which suggests a preference for beverages that are different from the norm. Taken together, these two entities may point towards certain endocrinological abnormalities and iatrogenic sequelae. In this communication we highlight the clinical relevance of allotriophagy and allotriodipsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India, University Center for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, India
| | - Avivar Awasthi
- Department of Endocrinology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Saurabh Arora
- Department of Endocrinology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana,India
| | - Nitin Kapoor
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India, The Non communicable disease & the Implementation science unit, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Awasthi S, Kumar D, Dixit S, Mahdi AA, Gupta B, Agarwal GG, Pandey AK, Awasthi A, A. R. S, Bhat MA, Kar S, Mahanta BN, Mathew JL, Nair S, Singh CM, Singh K, Thekkumkara Surendran A. Association of dietary intake with micronutrient deficiency in Indian school children: a cross-sectional study. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e104. [PMID: 37829085 PMCID: PMC10565204 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate nutrition is necessary during childhood and early adolescence for adequate growth and development. Hence, the objective of the study was to assess the association between dietary intake and blood levels of minerals (calcium, iron, zinc, and selenium) and vitamins (folate, vitamin B12, vitamin A, and vitamin D) in urban school going children aged 6-16 years in India, in a multicentric cross-sectional study. Participants were enrolled from randomly selected schools in ten cities. Three-day food intake data was collected using a 24-h dietary recall method. The intake was dichotomised into adequate and inadequate. Blood samples were collected to assess levels of micronutrients. From April 2019 to February 2020, 2428 participants (50⋅2 % females) were recruited from 60 schools. Inadequate intake for calcium was in 93⋅4 % (246⋅5 ± 149⋅4 mg), iron 86⋅5 % (7⋅6 ± 3⋅0 mg), zinc 84⋅0 % (3⋅9 ± 2⋅4 mg), selenium 30⋅2 % (11⋅3 ± 9⋅7 mcg), folate 73⋅8 % (93⋅6 ± 55⋅4 mcg), vitamin B12 94⋅4 % (0⋅2 ± 0⋅4 mcg), vitamin A 96⋅0 % (101⋅7 ± 94⋅1 mcg), and vitamin D 100⋅0 % (0⋅4 ± 0⋅6 mcg). Controlling for sex and socioeconomic status, the odds of biochemical deficiency with inadequate intake for iron [AOR = 1⋅37 (95 % CI 1⋅07-1⋅76)], zinc [AOR = 5⋅14 (95 % CI 2⋅24-11⋅78)], selenium [AOR = 3⋅63 (95 % CI 2⋅70-4⋅89)], folate [AOR = 1⋅59 (95 % CI 1⋅25-2⋅03)], and vitamin B12 [AOR = 1⋅62 (95 %CI 1⋅07-2⋅45)]. Since there is a significant association between the inadequate intake and biochemical deficiencies of iron, zinc, selenium, folate, and vitamin B12, regular surveillance for adequacy of micronutrient intake must be undertaken to identify children at risk of deficiency, for timely intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shally Awasthi
- Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divas Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Dixit
- Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Barkha Gupta
- Lead-Nutritional Claims & Medical Affairs (Global HFD), HUL R&D Centre, Gurgaon, India
| | - Girdhar G. Agarwal
- Department of Statistics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Kumar Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avivar Awasthi
- Department of Endocrinology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Somashekar A. R.
- Department of Pediatrics, M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mushtaq A. Bhat
- Department of Pediatrics, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Sonali Kar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - B. N. Mahanta
- Department of Medicine, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Joseph L. Mathew
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chandigarh, India
| | - Suma Nair
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - C. M. Singh
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Awasthi A, Chakraborty PP, Agrawal N, Sinha A, Pandey AK, Maiti A. Effect of morning versus night-time administration of proton pump inhibitor (pantoprazole) on thyroid function test in levothyroxine-treated primary hypothyroidism: a prospective cross-over study. Thyroid Res 2023; 16:15. [PMID: 37259094 DOI: 10.1186/s13044-023-00156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the common causes of suboptimal control of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in levothyroxine-treated hypothyroidism is coadministration of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Morning administration of pantoprazole has been shown to suppress intragastric pH to a greater extent. We therefore aimed to determine the effect of pantoprazole at different time points of the day on thyroid function test (TFT) in levothyroxine-treated overt primary hypothyroidism. METHODS In this single centre, hospital based, prospective, two arm cross-over study (AB, BA), participants were randomized into 2 groups based on morning (6:00 am - 7:00 am simultaneously with the scheduled levothyroxine tablet) (group M) and evening (30 min before dinner) intake of 40 mg pantoprazole tablet (group N). After the initial 6 weeks (period 1), a washout period of 1 week for pantoprazole was given, and then both the groups crossed over for another 6 weeks (period 2). Patients were instructed to continue the same brand of levothyroxine tablet at empty stomach 1-hour before breakfast. Serum TSH was measured at baseline, week 6, and week 13. RESULTS Data from 30 patients, who completed the study with 100% compliance, were analysed. Mean TSH values of the study participants were significantly higher both at week 6 and week 13 compared to the baseline. Mean baseline serum TSH concentrations for groups M and N were 2.70 (± 1.36), and 2.20 (± 1.06) µlU/mL, respectively. Mean serum TSH concentrations at the end periods 1 and 2 for group M were 3.78 (± 4.29), and 3.76 (± 2.77) while the levels in group N were 3.30 (± 1.90), and 4.53 (± 4.590) µlU/mL, respectively. There was a significant rise in serum TSH concentration across periods 1 and 2 in both the groups (F2, 58 = 3.87, p = 0.03). Within group changes in TSH across periods 1 and 2 were not statistically significant. Similarly difference in TSH between the groups, either at 6 weeks or at 13 weeks, were also not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Concomitant use of pantoprazole, even for 6 weeks, leads to significant elevation in serum TSH in levothyroxine-treated patients who are biochemically euthyroid, irrespective of timing of pantoprazole intake. Early morning and night-time administration of pantoprazole have similar effect on TFT in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avivar Awasthi
- Department of Endocrinology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Partha Pratim Chakraborty
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical College, Kolkata, MCH 4th floor, 88 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India.
| | - Neeti Agrawal
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical College, Kolkata, MCH 4th floor, 88 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Anirban Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical College, Kolkata, MCH 4th floor, 88 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Anuj Kumar Pandey
- Department of Paediatrics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Animesh Maiti
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical College, Kolkata, MCH 4th floor, 88 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
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Singh S, Awasthi S, Kumar D, Sarraf SR, Pandey AK, Agarwal GG, Awasthi A, T. S. A, Mathew JL, Kar S, Nair S, Rao CR, Pande H, Mahanta BN, Bharti B, Singh CM, Singh K, Bhat MA, A. R. S, Awasthi R, Mahdi AA. Micronutrients and cognitive functions among urban school-going children and adolescents: A cross-sectional multicentric study from India. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281247. [PMID: 36730336 PMCID: PMC9894395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micronutrient deficiency (MD) is associated with deficits in cognitive functioning of children. However, no comprehensive multicentric study has been conducted in India to explore the role of multiple MD in cognition of children and adolescents. The present study aimed to explore association of MD with level of general intelligence and specific cognitive functions, in urban school-going children and adolescents across ten cities of India. METHOD Cross-sectional multicentric study, enrolled participants aged 6-16 years. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis of calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, folate, vitamin A, D and B12. Colored Progressive Matrices / Standard Progressive Matrices (CPM/SPM), Coding, Digit Span and Arithmetic tests were used for the assessment of cognitive functions of participants. Height and weight measures were collected along with socio-economic status. RESULTS From April-2019 to February-2020, 2428 participants were recruited from 60 schools. No MD was found in 7.0% (134/1918), any one MD in 23.8% (457/1918) and ≥ 2 MD in 69.2% (1327/1918) participants. In presence of ≥ 2 MD, adjusted odds ratio (OR) for borderline or dull normal in CPM/SPM was 1.63, (95% CI: 1.05-2.52), coding was 1.66 (95% CI: 1.02-2.71), digit span was 1.55 (95% CI: 1.06-2.25) and arithmetic was 1.72 (95% CI: 1.17-2.53), controlling for gender, socioeconomic status and anthropometric indicators. CONCLUSION Since ≥ 2 MD were found in more than 2/3rd of participants and was associated with impairment in cognitive function, attempts must be made to ameliorate them on priority in school going children in India. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CTRI/2019/02/017783.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shally Awasthi
- Department of Pediatrics, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Divas Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Seema Rani Sarraf
- Department of Psychiatry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Kumar Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Girdhar G. Agarwal
- Department of Statistics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avivar Awasthi
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | - Anish T. S.
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerela, India
| | - Joseph L. Mathew
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sonali Kar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Suma Nair
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Chythra R. Rao
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Harsh Pande
- Department of Pediatrics, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - B. N. Mahanta
- Department of Medicine, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Bhavneet Bharti
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chandigarh, India
| | - C. M. Singh
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mushtaq A. Bhat
- Department of Pediatrics, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Somashekar A. R.
- Department of Pediatrics, M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajiv Awasthi
- Prarthana Diabetic Care Centre, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Awasthi A, Agrawal N, Chakraborty PP, Maiti A. Phenytoin toxicity. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e253250. [PMID: 36368739 PMCID: PMC9660550 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-253250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Avivar Awasthi
- Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical College and Hospital Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Neeti Agrawal
- Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical College and Hospital Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Animesh Maiti
- Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical College and Hospital Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Agrawal N, Awasthi A, Chakraborty PP, Maiti A. Hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta, bilateral nephrolithiasis and FGF-23-mediated hypophosphataemia: a triad of FAM20A-related enamel renal syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e250514. [PMID: 36351670 PMCID: PMC9644308 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-250514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enamel renal syndrome (ERS) due to loss of function (LOF) mutation of FAM20A gene typically consists of hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) and bilateral nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis. Recent evidence suggests that FAM20A interacts with FAM20C and increases its activity; thus LOF mutation of FAM20A leads to impaired FAM20C action. FAM20C, a golgi casein kinase, phosphorylates fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23, prevents its glycosylation and makes it more susceptible to degradation by furine proteases. Consequently, inactivating mutations of FAM20C lead to increased concentration of bioactive and intact FGF-23 in circulation and resultant hypophosphataemia. LOF mutation of FAM20A, thus, might also be associated with FGF-23-mediated hypophosphataemia; however, such an association has never been reported in the literature. We describe, for the first time, a triad of AI, bilateral nephrolithiasis and FGF-23-mediated hypophosphataemia in LOF mutation of FAM20A. We suggest that serum phosphate should be measured in all patients with ERS to avoid metabolic and skeletal complications of undiagnosed, hence untreated hypophosphataemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeti Agrawal
- Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Avivar Awasthi
- Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Animesh Maiti
- Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Chu Y, Awasthi A, Lee S, Edani D, Yin C, Hochberg J, Shah T, Chung T, Ayello J, van de Ven C, Klein C, Lee D, Cairo M. OBINUTUZUMAB (GA101) VS. RITUXIMAB SIGNIFICANTLY ENHANCES CELL DEATH, ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT CYTOTOXICITY AND IMPROVES OVERALL SURVIVAL AGAINST CD20+ PRIMARY MEDIASTINAL B-CELL LYMPHOMA (PMBL) IN A XENOGRAFT NOD-SCID IL2RGNULL (NSG) MOUSE MODEL: A POTENTIAL TARGETED AGENT IN THE TREATMENT OF PMBL. Leuk Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(22)00211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Liston J, Awasthi A, Patrick N, Parr N. Initial UK experience with Exactvu Micro-Ultrasound (EMS) during Picturing Archiving Communications Systems (PACS) networking setup. EUR UROL SUPPL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(22)00135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Agrawal N, Awasthi A, Chakraborty PP, Maiti A. Desmopressin treatment in dipsogenic form of primary polydipsia: keep serum osmolality marginally below thirst threshold for symptomatic relief. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e247488. [PMID: 35110290 PMCID: PMC8811574 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-247488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipsogenic polydipsia (DP), a distinct variety of primary polydipsia, is characterised by selective diminution of osmotic threshold for thirst leading to polydipsia and subsequent hypotonic polyuria. Seen in patients without underlying psychiatric illness, DP closely mimics central diabetes insipidus (CDI), making it difficult for clinicians to discriminate these two conditions from each other. Carefully performed osmotic stimulation study, incorporating objective assessment of threshold for thirst and arginine vasopressin (AVP) release is the key to differentiate DP from CDI or psychogenic polydipsia, also termed compulsive water drinking (CWD). Low thirst threshold and high AVP release threshold separate DP from CDI and CWD, respectively. Unlike CWD, desmopressin may be successfully used in DP without concomitant risk of hyponatremia. We describe a child, in whom an initial diagnosis of partial CDI was subsequently revised to DP based on osmotic stimulation test. The child was treated successfully with desmopressin therapy with a target to keep serum osmolality close to thirst threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeti Agrawal
- Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical College and Hospital Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Avivar Awasthi
- Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical College and Hospital Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Animesh Maiti
- Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical College and Hospital Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Awasthi A, Agrawal N, Chakraborty PP, Maiti A. Petrified ears due to auricular ossification: an underreported clinical sign in acromegaly. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e247186. [PMID: 35039372 PMCID: PMC8768937 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-247186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Avivar Awasthi
- Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical College and Hospital Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Neeti Agrawal
- Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical College and Hospital Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Animesh Maiti
- Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical College and Hospital Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Agrawal N, Awasthi A, Mahata R, Chakraborty PP. Continuous and progressive 'wash-in' without 'wash-out' of contrast in adrenal mass: a useful feature of ganglioneuroma. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/5/e241661. [PMID: 34011673 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-241661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) scan is a useful and widely performed diagnostic modality to evaluate adrenal masses. Nature of the mass determines the degree of attenuation both in unenhanced and in different phases of contrast enhancement. Benign neurogenic tumours like ganglioneuroma mimicks pheochromocytoma and adrenocortical carcinoma in non-contrast CT scan. The 'adrenal protocol' routinely calculates the wash-out pattern at delayed venous phase (DVP) (15 min) following contrast administration to differentiate majority of benign masses from the malignant ones. Ganglioneuromas typically exhibit continuous wash-in of contrast where enhancement gradually increases to attain its peak in DVP. Such wash-in pattern is different from the wash-out pattern observed in pheochromocytomas or adrenocortical adenomas or carcinomas. Presence of this wash-in pattern provides a useful clue to the clinician for underlying ganglioneuroma in hormonally inactive adrenal masses with suspicious morphological appearances. This wash-in pattern also effectively rules out any malignant potential of ganglioneuroma, and thus helps in preoperative decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeti Agrawal
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical College and Hospital Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Avivar Awasthi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical College and Hospital Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rahin Mahata
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical College and Hospital Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Saini J, Kumar Gupta P, Awasthi A, Pandey C, Singh A, Patir R, Ahlawat S, Sadashiva N, Mahadevan A, Kumar Gupta R. Multiparametric imaging-based differentiation of lymphoma and glioblastoma: using T1-perfusion, diffusion, and susceptibility-weighted MRI. Clin Radiol 2018; 73:986.e7-986.e15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2018.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Chaudhuri S, Goel A, Awasthi A, Gupta S, Rastogi S, Panda D, Kumar N, Aneesh P. Disparity Between Metro-Centric Cancer Care and Rural Outreach in India: Situational Analysis and Future Trends in Context of Developing Countries. J Glob Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.86000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Radiation therapy is used in two-third of all patients diagnosed with cancer in any form and it has become an integral part of modern treatment strategies for many types of cancers in recent decade. Semi-urban and rural places in India lack healthcare facilities and so as the cancer care facilities. Aim: To identify the propensity of a metro-centric oncologic care in developing countries undermining the need of availability of facilities in smaller towns and cities. Methods: Data for state-wise population for 2016 and 2026 was projected using cohort component method. For the projection of cancer incidence and prevalence in 2016 and 2026, we assumed that the state-level prevalence and incidence of cancer in the year 2015 will not change over time in 2016. Data collected through telephonic interviews from the radiotherapy centers listed by Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), India. Further, we assumed few scenarios of cancer incidence and prevalence increase and projected state wise cancer burden in 2026. Results: With almost 70% population of India residing in districts and cities lacking quality health care, the situation of cancer care is much grave. India is currently equipped with only 394 RTU (Radiation Therapy Unit) against requirement of almost 1300 RTU, amounting to 0.38 RTU per million populations as per World Health Organization. The public sponsored healthcare infrastructure for cancer treatment, and research is centralized with all the resources centered in metro/major cities. Eight metro cities of India with a combined population of 140.6 million hold control of 188 RTU under their boundaries. Thus, while habitants of these eight metro cities, constituting only 10.9% of the national population, avail treatment benefit from 38% of total RTU capacity of India, rest of Indian population at 1143.8 million strengths is left prey to the wrath of cancer with just 306 machines at disposal. In comparison, the developed nations as the United States of America, Australia, and the United Kingdom fare far better in RTU availability for treatment of diagnosed cancer patients, with RTU per million population density of 12.45, 10.12 and 5.04 respectively. Similar scenario has been seen in other LMICs in world like Congo, Mongolia, Sudan, Nigeria, Nepal etc. Conclusion: We observed that wide disparity exists in India concerning RTU and cancer facility availability and density per million populations in between metro cities and rest of India and a dire need of improvement to fight against cancer which is very similar to the situation in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Goel
- Nayati Medicity, Oncology, Mathura, India
| | - A. Awasthi
- Nayati Medicity, Oncology, Mathura, India
| | - S.K. Gupta
- Nayati Medicity, Oncology, Mathura, India
| | - S. Rastogi
- Nayati Medicity, Oncology, Mathura, India
| | - D. Panda
- Nayati Medicity, Oncology, Mathura, India
| | - N. Kumar
- Nayati Medicity, Oncology, Mathura, India
| | - P. Aneesh
- Nayati Medicity, Oncology, Mathura, India
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Awasthi A. Electives in Oxford—Feedback of a Medical Student. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Awasthi A, Rao C, Hegde D, RAO N K. Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and anthropometric measurements - a case control study in South India. J Prev Med Hyg 2017; 58:E56-E62. [PMID: 28515633 PMCID: PMC5432780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Clinical evidence indicates a stronger association of diabetes with central obesity than general obesity. The present study aimed to compare the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and different anthropometric measurements and evaluate the usefulness of these measurements in clinical practice. METHODS A case-control study was done among 102 individuals; of whom 51 cases included diagnosed T2DM (≥ 20 years age) patients attending the Medicine out-patient consultation of a tertiary care hospital and 51 controls who were screen negative for T2DM and recruited from the local community. Various anthropometric measurements were used according to standard World Health Organization (WHO) protocols. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15. RESULTS The proportion of cases with Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 was 55% as compared to 22% of controls and this association was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The proportion of cases with high waist circumference cut-offs (WC) was 74.5% as compared to 45.1% healthy individuals and this association was also statistically significant (p < 0.05, OR = 3.56). A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve for both gender revealed highest area under the curve for body mass index (area = 0.787). Body mass index had the best discriminatory power. Waist to hip ratio was not a sensitive marker especially for females. CONCLUSIONS A strong association between obesity indices and diabetes was identified. BMI and WC could be used in clinical practice for suggesting life style modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Awasthi
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - C.R. Rao
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India;,Correspondence: Chythra R. Rao, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India - Tel. +91-9448857793 - Fax +91- 820-2571927 - E-mail:
| | - D.S. Hegde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
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Rizvi Z, Puri N, Saxena R, Awasthi A. Exposure to poly-dispersed single walled carbon nanotubes (AF-SWCNTs) causes inhibition of CD1d mediated lipid antigen presentation pathway in professional and non-professional antigen presenting cells (APCs). Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chamania S, Chouhan R, Awasthi A, Bendell R, Marsden N, Gibson J, Whitaker IS, Potokar TS. Pilot project in rural western Madhya Pradesh, India, to assess the feasibility of using LED and solar-powered lanterns to remove kerosene lamps and related hazards from homes. Burns 2014; 41:595-603. [PMID: 25441542 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, 300,000 deaths are estimated to occur annually and the incidence is far greater as a large majority of burns are small and go unreported. Ninety-five percent of the global burden of burns is found in low- and middle-income countries; however, there is relatively little in the literature regarding effective primary prevention in these areas. Flame is the most common cause of burn in Madhya Pradesh, the central state of India. The most common demographic among the burn unit inpatient of Choithram hospital Indore, is young women from 21 to 40 years of age, whose burns are primarily caused by kerosene lamps. A non electrical source of illumination is essential for every household in rural areas due to the infrequent and poor power supply. At the baseline, 23 kerosene lamp burns were reported by villagers in the past 5 years among the study population of this pilot project. METHOD A pilot project to investigate the strategies for reducing the incidence of domestic burns in rural villages around the city of Indore was performed, by replacing kerosene lamps with safer and more sustainable alternatives, including solar-powered and light-emitting diode (LED) lamps. A total of 1042 households were randomly chosen from 18 villages within the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh (population of 28,825) to receive the alternative light source (670 LED and 372 solar lamps). We investigated the efficacy of this strategy of reducing the incidence of burns, measured the social acceptance by villagers, and quantified the cost implications and availability of LED lamps in rural communities with a high incidence of burns. RESULTS Replacing kerosene lamps with LED and solar alternatives was deemed socially acceptable by 99.34% of the participants and reduced the cost of lighting for impoverished rural villagers by 85% over 1 year. We successfully demonstrated a significant decrease in the use of kerosene lamps (p<0.01). More evidence is required to investigate the efficacy of this strategy in reducing burns. CONCLUSION This pilot study highlights the viability of the approach of replacing kerosene lamps as an effective primary prevention strategy for reducing burns in rural areas. However, barriers remain to the wider adoption of these lamps, including accessibility and availability for the populations of rural India.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chamania
- Interburns Training Centre at Choithram Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - R Chouhan
- Interburns Training Centre at Choithram Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - A Awasthi
- Interburns Training Centre at Choithram Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - N Marsden
- Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK
| | - J Gibson
- University of Cardiff Medical School, Cardiff, UK
| | - I S Whitaker
- Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK
| | - T S Potokar
- Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK
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Awasthi A, Singh R. Determination of aerobiological flora associated with allergic rhinitis by Skin Prick Test in a tertiary care hospital in the West Coast of Southern India. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Dasgupta K, Singh D, Sahoo D, Anitha M, Awasthi A, Singh H. Application of Taguchi method for optimization of process parameters in decalcification of samarium–cobalt intermetallic powder. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ferdinand E, Mehrzad H, Awasthi A. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding, chronic pancreatitis and a near miss. Case Reports 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-010420. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-010420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Tyndall J, Awasthi A, Woolley A, Wilbanks S, Jeffs A. 209 Variable Expression of GLIPR1 Correlates with Promoter Methylation and Invasive Potential in Melanoma Cells. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)72007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Leonard A, Daraio C, Awasthi A, Geubelle P. Effects of weak disorder on stress-wave anisotropy in centered square nonlinear granular crystals. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2012; 86:031305. [PMID: 23030910 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.031305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes wave propagation characteristics in a weakly disordered two-dimensional granular media composed of a square array of spheres accommodating interstitial cylindrical intruders. Previous investigations, performed experimentally as well as numerically, emphasized that wave-front shapes in similar systems are tunable via choice of material combinations. Here, we investigate the effects of statistical variation in the particle diameters and compare the effects of the resulting disorder in experiments and numerical simulations, finding good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leonard
- Graduate Aerospace Laboratories (GALCIT), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
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Awasthi A, Morisse G, Colman D, Dhaunchak A, Bar-Or A. Neurons Regulate Glial Cell Surface Proteome (P07.089). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Moore C, Awasthi A, de Faria Junior O, Rajasekharan S, Colman D, Banwell B, Dhaunchak A, Bar-Or A. Neural and Immune-Related Molecules in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) of Pediatric-Onset Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes (ADS) of the CNS: Differential Expression in Children Subsequently Diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis vs. Monophasic Disease (P02.129). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p02.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Agarwal R, Awasthi A, Mittal S, Singh N, Gupta PK. Effects of air pollution on respiratory parameters during the wheat-residue burning in Patiala. J Med Eng Technol 2010; 34:23-8. [PMID: 19824783 DOI: 10.3109/03091900903261258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Effects of pollution produced by wheat-residue burning on respiratory parameters of healthy inhabitants were investigated for two consecutive wheat cultivation periods (February-July in 2007 and 2008) at Patiala city of Punjab, India. A total of 51 selected subjects of the age group 13-53 were selected from five sites of Patiala for pulmonary function tests (PFTs), including force vital capacity (FVC), force expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and force expiratory flow between 25 to 75% of FVC (FEF(25-75%)) using a spirometer. High volume samplers (HVS) and an Andersen cascade impactor were also used to measure the concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and particulate matter (PM) of size less than 10 mum. PFTs show significant decrease and particulate matter shows a significant increase during the burning period of wheat residue. Decrease in FVC and FEV(1) did not recover even after completion of the exhaustive burning period this is a more serious concern then PEF and FEF(25-75%). The results showed that the public exposure to relatively high levels of pollutants during the exhaustive burning period of wheat residue influences the PFTs of even healthy inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Agarwal
- Thapar University, Patiala-147004, Punjab, India.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Infective and neoplastic swellings of the face are common. Often, the differential diagnosis is obvious, but sometimes it can be difficult to ascertain. We report the case of a cheek swelling thought to be infective in origin, but this unusual lesion turned out to be a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. This was found to be a solitary cutaneous lesion, with associated submandibular lymphadenopathy. The initial plan was for treatment with chemo-radiotherapy, however, the lesion has, surprisingly, begun to resolve spontaneously following biopsy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The most frequent cause of facial swellings presenting to dentists is infective, usually from dental sources, but other causes of facial swelling do need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Graham
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, The Royal Blackburn Hospital, Haslingden Road, Blackburn, BB2 3HH, Lancashire, UK
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Sharma M, Rai SK, Purshottam DK, Jain M, Chakrabarty D, Awasthi A, Nair KN, Sharma AK. In vitro clonal propagation of Clerodendrum serratum (Linn.) Moon (barangi): a rare and threatened medicinal plant. Acta Physiol Plant 2009; 31:379-383. [DOI: 10.1007/s11738-008-0245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
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Yadav A, Awasthi A, Rao N. Mechanistic aspects of benzothiazepines: A class of antiarrhythmic drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 03/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Awasthi A, Samarakoon A, Dai X, Wen R, Wang D, Malarkannan S. Deletion of PI3K-p85alpha gene impairs lineage commitment, terminal maturation, cytokine generation and cytotoxicity of NK cells. Genes Immun 2008; 9:522-35. [PMID: 18548087 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2008.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Class IA phosphotidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of p85/p110 heterodimeric lipid kinases that are important in regulating signaling events in B and T cells. However, their role in natural killer (NK) cells is not understood. Here, using mice that lack the regulatory p85alpha subunit and its alternatively spliced variants p55alpha/p50alpha (collectively termed as p85alpha(-/-)), we defined the role of PI3K in NK cell development and function. p85alpha(-/-) mice had impaired lineage commitment leading to reduced NK cellularity in the bone marrow and liver. p85alpha(-/-) NK cells showed a defective Ly49 subset specification and a decreased expression of CD43. Lack of p85alpha severely reduced the NK-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells representing 'induced-self' and 'missing-self'. More importantly, NKG2D and NK1.1 receptor-mediated cytokine and chemokine generation was significantly compromised in p85alpha(-/-) NK cells. These results reveal a previously unrecognized role of p85alpha in the development, terminal maturation, cytokine/chemokine generation and tumor clearance of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Awasthi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Singh AT, Jaggi M, Khattar D, Awasthi A, Mishra SK, Tyagi S, Burman AC. A novel nanopolymer based tumor targeted delivery system for paclitaxel. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.11095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the clinical and pathological findings in six suspected cases of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) and highlight the diagnostic difficulties faced by the cytopathologist. METHODS Retrospective review of records of the Cytopathology Department to identify patients who underwent image-guided transthoracic pulmonary fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for pulmonary lesions of suspected WG and those who were subsequently confirmed to have WG. Detailed evaluation of cytomorphological features was carried out. RESULTS A total of six cases were identified in whom the initial procedure to obtain a pathological diagnosis was transthoracic FNAC. In one case, atypical squamous cells on cytology initially suggested a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma while in another a diagnosis of WG was made on cytology; however, a subsequent lung biopsy revealed silicosis. CONCLUSION Acute inflammation and necrosis are the most consistent cytopathological findings in WG. In selected cases FNAC can provide supportive pathological evidence to establish a diagnosis of WG.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Awasthi
- Deapartment of Cytopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandiharh, India
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Awasthi A, Gupta N, Srinivasan R, Nijhawan R, Rajwanshi A. Cytopathological spectrum of unusual malignant pleural effusions at a tertiary care centre in north India. Cytopathology 2007; 18:28-32. [PMID: 17250600 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2007.00382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytological examination of pleural fluid is one of the most informative laboratory procedures in the diagnosis of pleural effusions. Although tuberculosis is the commonest cause of pleural effusions in developing countries, tumours, including grade ones, can present with effusions. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the uncommon causes of malignant pleural effusion. METHODS A 2-year retrospective analysis of pleural fluid cytological specimens submitted to the Department of Cytopathology, PGIMER, Chandigarh between January 2003 and December 2004 was performed to retrieve unusual metastases. Out of a total of 898 samples reviewed, 710 were negative for malignancy and 24 cases were suspicious for malignancy. The remaining 164 cases were positive for malignancy, out of which 38 cases revealed malignancies other than adenocarcinoma. RESULTS The 38 unusual malignancies metastasizing to the pleural cavity included 29 haematological malignancies (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, acute lymphoid leukaemia, multiple myeloma and chronic myeloid leukaemia) and nine non-haematological malignancies (Ewing's sarcoma, neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumour, squamous cell carcinoma, small-cell carcinoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma). CONCLUSION Although metastatic adenocarcinoma was the commonest aetiology of malignant pleural effusions, a significant number of unusual causes of malignant pleural effusion were also encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Awasthi
- Department of Cytopathology and Gynecological Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract
We simulate the collision of atomic clusters with a weakly attractive surface using molecular dynamics in a regime between soft landing and fragmentation, where the cluster undergoes large deformation but remains intact. As a function of incident kinetic energy, we find a transition from adhesion to reflection at low kinetic energies. We also identify a second adhesive regime at intermediate kinetic energies, where strong deformation of the cluster leads to an increase in contact area and adhesive energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Awasthi
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Industrial Research Ltd., Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
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Bhatnagar PK, Awasthi A, Nomellini JF, Smit J, Suresh MR. Anti-tumor effects of the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus in murine tumor models. Cancer Biol Ther 2006; 5:485-91. [PMID: 16582592 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.5.5.2553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caulobacter crescentus is a gram negative, non-pathogenic bacterium, common in aquatic and soil environments. One feature of note is a protein surface layer (S-layer) composed of a single protein, organized as a self-assembled crystalline array that coats the bacterium. In the course of efforts to express cancer-associated peptides as genetic insertions into the S-layer, we noted a tumor suppressive effect of the unmodified bacterium. C. crescentus was examined for anti-tumor activity against three transplantable tumor mouse models: Lewis lung carcinoma cells transfected with the MUC1 gene in C57BL/6, murine mammary carcinoma (EMT-6) in BALB/c (both in prophylactic and therapeutic mode) and murine leukemia cells (L1210) in DBA2. Mice were immunized three times i.p. with C. crescentus (2 x 10(7) cells/mouse). In prophylactic mode, the mice were challenged with tumor cells two weeks after the last immunization. Immunization with live C. crescentus resulted in anti-tumor activity in all three transplantable tumor models, as measured by prolonged survival, reduced tumor mass or reduced number of lung nodules, compared to saline control groups. In the Lewis lung and the EMT-6 mammary carcinoma murine models the number of lung nodules as well as the tumor weight was lower in mice treated with C. crescentus, compared to the control group; for EMT-6, this was observed in prophylactic and therapeutic modes. In the murine leukemia and Lewis lung carcinoma models prolonged survival was observed in the groups of mice immunized with Caulobacters. In most cases the live C. crescentus cells were markedly more efficacious than heat killed or formalin fixed cells, despite the fact that they do not grow or persist in mice. The results suggest that C. crescentus may be a safe, bacterial immunomodulator for the treatment of tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/therapy
- Caulobacter crescentus/physiology
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Genetic Therapy
- Humans
- Immunization
- Leukemia L1210/genetics
- Leukemia L1210/pathology
- Leukemia L1210/therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mucin-1
- Mucins/therapeutic use
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Bhatnagar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Malhotra P, Agarwal R, Awasthi A, Jindal SK, Srinivasan R. How long does it take for tuberculosis to cause secondary amyloidosis? Eur J Intern Med 2005; 16:437-9. [PMID: 16198905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2005.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2004] [Revised: 02/11/2005] [Accepted: 02/25/2005] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is often believed that secondary amyloidosis occurs months to years after the onset of the predisposing cause. We describe two cases that, to the best of our knowledge, are the earliest described cases of amyloidosis occurring after the diagnosis of active tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Malhotra
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India.
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Abstract
Snake bite is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in India, with an estimated 35,000 to 50,000 fatal bites occurring annually. The neurological consequences of snake bite are predominantly the result of inhibition of neuromuscular transmission. We describe the first documented case of autopsy proven acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following treated snake bite in a young female.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Malhotra
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh-160012, India.
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Tripathi R, Awasthi A, Dutta GP. Mefloquine resistance reversal action of ketoconazole – a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, against mefloquine-resistant malaria. Parasitology 2005; 130:475-9. [PMID: 15991489 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182004006481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium knowlesi (W1) shows a high level of innate resistance to mefloquine as shown by recrudescence of blood-induced infection in rhesus monkeys, following oral mefloquine treatment with up to 80-160 mg/kg total dose over 3-4 days. Ketoconazole, at a dose of 75 mg/kg/day x 10 days given orally to P. knowlesi-infected rhesus monkeys, exerted a suppressive antimalarial effect in 1 of the 2 monkeys as evidenced by a delayed recrudescence (on day 30) and curative action in case of the other monkey, whereas a lower dose of ketoconazole (25 mg/kg/day x 10 days) failed to suppress infection effectively. When ketoconazole at a low dose (25 mg/kg/day x 10 days) treatment was combined with mefloquine (20 mg/kg/ day x 4), 1 of the 2 infected monkeys was cured, while the combination of a higher dose of ketoconazole (75 mg/kg/day x 10 days) with mefloquine (20 mg/kg/day x 4), had a complete curative effect on P. knowlesi infection in all the treated monkeys (7/7). Besides exerting direct antimalarial action against a mefloquine-resistant P. knowlesi, ketoconazole also acts as an inhibitor of hepatic microsomal CYP4503A, which regulates and slows down mefloquine biotransformation to carboxymefloquine, resulting in a possible elevation of the effective plasma drug level, which seems to be responsible for elimination of the resistant P. knowlesi. The study shows a resistance reversal effect of a ketoconazole - mefloquine combination that could be exploited for the control of mefloquine-resistant malaria infection. The study shows that ketoconazole can reverse mefloquine resistance of P. knowlesi. These findings can also be applied to reverse mefloquine resistance of P.falciparum in areas where mefloquine resistance is already established. The precise role of parasite CYP450 in mefloquine resistance and its possible role, if any, in expelling the intracellular mefloquine from the resistant plasmodia still remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tripathi
- Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligofructose is metabolized by bifidobacteria, increasing their numbers in the colon. High bifidobacteria concentrations are important in providing 'colonization resistance' against pathogenic bacteria. AIM To reduce the incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in elderly patients. METHODS Patients over the age of 65 taking broad-spectrum antibiotics received either oligofructose or placebo. A baseline stool sample was cultured for Clostridium difficile and tested for C. difficile toxin. A further stool sample was analysed for C. difficile if diarrhoea developed. RESULTS No difference was seen in the baseline characteristics, incidence of diarrhoea, C. difficile infection or hospital stay between the two groups (n = 435). Oligofructose increased bifidobacterial concentrations (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.69-1.72). A total of 116 (27%) patients developed diarrhoea of which 49 (11%) were C. difficile-positive and were more likely to be taking a cephalosporin (P = 0.006), be female (P < 0.001), to have lost more weight (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.99-2.00) and stayed longer in hospital (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.10-1.40). Amoxicillin (amoxycillin) and clavulanic acid increased diarrhoea not caused by C. difficile (P = 0.006). CONCLUSION Oligofructose does not protect elderly patients receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics from antibiotic-associated diarrhoea whether caused by C. difficile or not. Oligofructose was well-tolerated and increased faecal bifidobacterial concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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Abstract
AIMS Ductal plate malformation (DPM) is the persistence of excess of embryonic bile duct structures in the portal tracts. Most of the congenital diseases of intrahepatic bile ducts represent examples of DPM at different levels of the biliary tree. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the histopathological spectrum and immunohistochemical properties of DPM in various paediatric liver diseases and compare them with those of the normal embryonic ductal plates of human fetuses. METHODS AND RESULTS All paediatric liver biopsies and autopsied livers of infant deaths and stillbirths over a 5-year period (between 1996 and June 2001) were subjected to histopathological examination to identify ductal plate malformations. A detailed immunohistochemical analysis was carried out in 35 cases of ductal plate malformation and 25 abortuses by using antibodies against cytokeratin (CK)7, 8, 18 and 19, CD34 and type IV collagen. Thirty-nine cases of ductal plate malformation were identified which consisted of extrahepatic biliary atresia with DPM (n = 20), isolated congenital hepatic fibrosis (n = 9), autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (n = 5), congenital hepatic fibrosis with autosomal polycystic kidney disease (n = 2), Caroli's syndrome (n = 2) and one case of Ivemark's syndrome. The ductal plate cells stained with CK7, 8, 18 and 19 but not with CD34. CONCLUSION DPM was present in all intrahepatic bile duct diseases included in this study and in about 26% of cases of extrahepatic biliary atresia. The cytokeratin immunophenotype of the ductal plate in pathological conditions is similar to that of normal embryonic ductal plates of fetuses after 20 weeks of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Awasthi
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Awasthi A, Nada R, Malhotra P, Goel R, Joshi K. Fatal renal failure as the first manifestation of sarcoidosis diagnosed on necropsy in a young man: a case report. J Clin Pathol 2004; 57:1101-3. [PMID: 15452170 PMCID: PMC1770455 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2004.018325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Renal involvement as the first manifestation of sarcoidosis is rare and has never been reported in India. This report describes a 35 year old man who was admitted to the emergency department with a clinical diagnosis of acute on chronic renal failure, secondary to obstructive uropathy. Postmortem examination unexpectedly revealed disseminated sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Awasthi
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India.
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Abstract
Pyronaridine, administered intramuscularly (im) to Swiss mice infected with the lethal multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis, was found to exert high blood schizontocidal activity. The efficacy of doses of pyronaridine ranging from 0.625 to 30 mg (base/kg) was evaluated using a 4 day treatment schedule (drug was administered at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hrs). It was found that doses of 2.5mg/ kg and higher protected animals completely from the lethal effects of the parasite. The same degree of protection was found when the treatment duration was reduced to 3 days. This study shows that pyronaridine is a potentially useful antimalarial drug that could be exploited for the control of multidrug-resistant malaria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Dutta
- Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Awasthi A, Chaudhary S, Chauhan SM. Vesicle formation by amphiphilic 10-alkyl-3-methyl isoalloxazine in aqueous medium. Indian J Biochem Biophys 1999; 36:118-24. [PMID: 10549171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic 10-alkyl isoalloxazines have been found to form vesicles in aqueous and binary solvent systems and confirmed by UV-visible, fluorescence,transmission electron microscopy and quasi elastic light scattering experiments. The mean external diameters of vesicles have been calculated for isoalloxazine with different carbon atom chain at position 10 by transmission electron microscopy and quasi elastic laser light scattering. The gel to liquid phase transition of liposomes measured by differential scanning calorimetry shows reproducible endothermic peak which lies well in the range of typical aqueous vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Awasthi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi
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46
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Awasthi A, Mehrotra S, Bhakuni V, Dutta GP, Levy HB, Maheshwari RK. Poly ICLC enhances the antimalarial activity of chloroquine against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in mice. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1997; 17:419-23. [PMID: 9243375 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1997.17.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Swiss mice infected with multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis were treated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid stabilized with polylysine and carboxymethyl cellulose (Poly ICLC), a potent interferon (IFN) inducer and immune enhancer, in combination with chloroquine (CQ), which completely eliminated the malaria parasite from these animals. The enhancement of the antimalarial activity of poly ICLC was found to be completely reversed by the cytochrome P-450 inducer, phenobarbitone. No effect of Nw nitro-L-arginine (NLA), an inhibitor of nitric oxide, was seen on the enhancement of the antimalarial activity of CQ by Poly ICLC. These results suggest the possible involvement of cytochrome P-450 enzyme-mediated mechanism in the enhancement of the antimalarial activity of CQ by Poly ICLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Awasthi
- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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47
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Awasthi A, Bhasin VS. Charge symmetry breaking effects in nucleon-nucleon scattering derived from the quark model. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1996; 53:50-61. [PMID: 9970911 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.53.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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48
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Chauhan SM, Awasthi A. Incorporation of synthetic tetramethylene diamine 8,8'-bis(riboflavin tetraacetate) in DMPC vesicles. Indian J Biochem Biophys 1995; 32:286-9. [PMID: 8713751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The tetramethylene diamine 8,8'-bis(riboflavin tetraacetate) is synthesized by condensation of 8 alpha-bromo riboflavin tetraacetate and 1,4 diaminobutane. The incorporation of bis(riboflavin tetraacetate) in bilayer of DMPC vesicles has been studied by gel permeation chromatography, UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, India
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49
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Gupta B, Awasthi A, Jaju BP. Effect of acute & chronic imipramine treatment on glucose homeostasis. Indian J Med Res 1992; 96:65-71. [PMID: 1597334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Single dose of imipramine (IMI) produced significant (P less than 0.05) hyperglycemia in rabbits, the effect peaking at 1 h. The hyperglycemic response was less marked in rabbits which were chronically pretreated with IMI for 4 wk. Simultaneous administration of insulin, oral glucose or adrenaline with single doses of IMI resulted in an enhancement of usual hypoglycemic/hyperglycemic responses of these agents. However, when these drugs were administered in chronically IMI fed animals there was complete reversion of the enhancement. Daily administration of adrenaline for further 6 days with IMI feeding in the chronically IMI treated rabbits, led to enhancement in the hyperglycemic response to adrenaline (P less than 0.001). In contrast, similar administration of insulin resulted in reduced hypoglycemia. Further, glucose feeding with IMI plus adrenaline or insulin in these animals did not result in any significant alteration in blood glucose level (BGL), as compared to oral glucose plus single doses of adrenaline or insulin. GTT done on the day next to drug treatment in rabbits chronically pretreated with IMI and than with IMI plus insulin, produced an enhanced hyperglycemic response, as compared with the control group (P less than 0.01). These observations indicate that acute (but not chronic) treatment with IMI not only produces a rise in BGL per se but also enhances the response to other agents which affect glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, LLRM Medical College, Meerut
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50
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Kulhara P, Chandiramani K, Mattoo SK, Awasthi A. A phenomenological study of delusions in schizophrenia. Indian J Psychiatry 1986; 28:281-6. [PMID: 21927190 PMCID: PMC3172514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
112 patients with final clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia were subjected to detailed mental sums examination using, a structured interview schedule the present state examination. Phenomenology of delusions was determined according to the definitions and criteria of this schedule. The relationships of phenomenology will) socio-demography variables were also studied. It was seen that delusions of persecution were significantly more in males and in patients above the age of 30 years. Educated patients had more delusional misinterpretation, delusions of references and delusions of thoughts being read. Systematization of delusions was more in younger patients. Married patients had more delusions of reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kulhara
- Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Post-graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research. Chandigarh - 160 012, India
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