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McKeon SD, Perica MI, Parr AC, Calabro FJ, Foran W, Hetherington H, Moon CH, Luna B. Aperiodic EEG and 7T MRSI evidence for maturation of E/I balance supporting the development of working memory through adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 66:101373. [PMID: 38574406 PMCID: PMC11000172 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescence has been hypothesized to be a critical period for the development of human association cortex and higher-order cognition. A defining feature of critical period development is a shift in the excitation: inhibition (E/I) balance of neural circuitry, however how changes in E/I may enhance cortical circuit function to support maturational improvements in cognitive capacities is not known. Harnessing ultra-high field 7 T MR spectroscopy and EEG in a large, longitudinal cohort of youth (N = 164, ages 10-32 years old, 347 neuroimaging sessions), we delineate biologically specific associations between age-related changes in excitatory glutamate and inhibitory GABA neurotransmitters and EEG-derived measures of aperiodic neural activity reflective of E/I balance in prefrontal association cortex. Specifically, we find that developmental increases in E/I balance reflected in glutamate:GABA balance are linked to changes in E/I balance assessed by the suppression of prefrontal aperiodic activity, which in turn facilitates robust improvements in working memory. These findings indicate a role for E/I-engendered changes in prefrontal signaling mechanisms in the maturation of cognitive maintenance. More broadly, this multi-modal imaging study provides evidence that human association cortex undergoes physiological changes consistent with critical period plasticity during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane D McKeon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Maria I Perica
- The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ashley C Parr
- The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Finnegan J Calabro
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Will Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hoby Hetherington
- Resonance Research Incorporated, Billerica, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Chan-Hong Moon
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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2
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Brislin SJ, Clark DA, Clark DB, Durbin CE, Parr AC, Ahonen L, Anderson-Carpenter KD, Heitzeg MM, Luna B, Sripada C, Zucker RA, Hicks BM. Differential Item Functioning in Reports of Delinquent Behavior Between Black and White Youth: Evidence of Measurement Bias in Self-Reports of Arrest in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Assessment 2024; 31:444-459. [PMID: 37039543 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231164627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Youth self-reports are a mainstay of delinquency assessment; however, making valid inferences about delinquency using these assessments requires equivalent measurement across groups of theoretical interest. We examined whether a brief 10-item delinquency measure exhibited measurement invariance across non-Hispanic White (n = 6,064) and Black (n = 1,666) youth (ages 10-11 years old) in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Developmentsm Study (ABCD Study®). We detected differential item functioning (DIF) in two items. Black youth were more likely to report being arrested or picked up by police than White youth with the same score on the latent delinquency trait. Although multiple covariates (income, urgency, and callous-unemotional traits) reduced mean-level difference in overall delinquency, they were generally unrelated to the DIF in the Arrest item. However, the DIF in the Arrest item was reduced in size and no longer significant after adjusting for neighborhood safety. Results illustrate the importance of considering measurement invariance when using self-reported delinquency scores to draw inferences about group differences, and the utility of measurement invariance analyses for helping to identify mechanisms that contribute to group differences generally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lia Ahonen
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Hallquist MN, Hwang K, Luna B, Dombrovski AY. Reward-based option competition in human dorsal stream and transition from stochastic exploration to exploitation in continuous space. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadj2219. [PMID: 38394198 PMCID: PMC10889364 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj2219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Primates exploring and exploiting a continuous sensorimotor space rely on dynamic maps in the dorsal stream. Two complementary perspectives exist on how these maps encode rewards. Reinforcement learning models integrate rewards incrementally over time, efficiently resolving the exploration/exploitation dilemma. Working memory buffer models explain rapid plasticity of parietal maps but lack a plausible exploration/exploitation policy. The reinforcement learning model presented here unifies both accounts, enabling rapid, information-compressing map updates and efficient transition from exploration to exploitation. As predicted by our model, activity in human frontoparietal dorsal stream regions, but not in MT+, tracks the number of competing options, as preferred options are selectively maintained on the map, while spatiotemporally distant alternatives are compressed out. When valuable new options are uncovered, posterior β1/α oscillations desynchronize within 0.4 to 0.7 s, consistent with option encoding by competing β1-stabilized subpopulations. Together, outcomes matching locally cached reward representations rapidly update parietal maps, biasing choices toward often-sampled, rewarded options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai Hwang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Ravindranath O, Perica MI, Parr AC, Ojha A, McKeon SD, Montano G, Ullendorff N, Luna B, Edmiston EK. Adolescent neurocognitive development and decision-making abilities regarding gender-affirming care. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024:101351. [PMID: 38383174 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, politicians and legislative bodies have cited neurodevelopmental literature to argue that brain immaturity undermines decision-making regarding gender-affirming care (GAC) in youth. Here, we review this literature as it applies to adolescents' ability to make decisions regarding GAC. The research shows that while adolescence is a time of peak risk-taking behavior that may lead to impulsive decisions, neurocognitive systems supporting adult-level decisions are available given deliberative processes that minimize influence of short-term rewards and peers. Since GAC decisions occur over an extended period and with support from adult caregivers and clinicians, adolescents can engage adult-level decision-making in this context. We also weigh the benefits of providing GAC access during adolescence and consider the significant costs of blocking or delaying GAC. Transgender and non-binary (TNB) adolescents face significant mental health challenges, many of which are mitigated by GAC access. Further, initiating the GAC process during adolescence, which we define as beginning at pubertal onset, leads to better long-term mental health outcomes than waiting until adulthood. Taken together, existing research indicates that many adolescents can make informed decisions regarding gender-affirming care, and that this care is critical for the well-being of TNB youth. We highlight relevant considerations for policy makers, researchers, and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orma Ravindranath
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Maria I Perica
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ashley C Parr
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amar Ojha
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shane D McKeon
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gerald Montano
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Naomi Ullendorff
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - E Kale Edmiston
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, USA
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Cabral L, Calabro FJ, Foran W, Parr AC, Ojha A, Rasmussen J, Ceschin R, Panigrahy A, Luna B. Multivariate and regional age-related change in basal ganglia iron in neonates. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad456. [PMID: 38059685 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the perinatal period, reward and cognitive systems begin trajectories, influencing later psychiatric risk. The basal ganglia is important for reward and cognitive processing but early development has not been fully characterized. To assess age-related development, we used a measure of basal ganglia physiology, specifically brain tissue iron, obtained from nT2* signal in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI), associated with dopaminergic processing. We used data from the Developing Human Connectome Project (n = 464) to assess how moving from the prenatal to the postnatal environment affects rsfMRI nT2*, modeling gestational and postnatal age separately for basal ganglia subregions in linear models. We did not find associations with tissue iron and gestational age [range: 24.29-42.29] but found positive associations with postnatal age [range:0-17.14] in the pallidum and putamen, but not the caudate. We tested if there was an interaction between preterm birth and postnatal age, finding early preterm infants (GA < 35 wk) had higher iron levels and changed less over time. To assess multivariate change, we used support vector regression to predict age from voxel-wise-nT2* maps. We could predict postnatal but not gestational age when maps were residualized for the other age term. This provides evidence subregions differentially change with postnatal experience and preterm birth may disrupt trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cabral
- Department of Radiology University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Finnegan J Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 15213, United States
| | - Will Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Ashley C Parr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Amar Ojha
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Jerod Rasmussen
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Rafael Ceschin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Radiology University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
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Ottino-González J, Cupertino RB, Cao Z, Hahn S, Pancholi D, Albaugh MD, Brumback T, Baker FC, Brown SA, Clark DB, de Zambotti M, Goldston DB, Luna B, Nagel BJ, Nooner KB, Pohl KM, Tapert SF, Thompson WK, Jernigan TL, Conrod P, Mackey S, Garavan H. Brain structural covariance network features are robust markers of early heavy alcohol use. Addiction 2024; 119:113-124. [PMID: 37724052 PMCID: PMC10872365 DOI: 10.1111/add.16330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recently, we demonstrated that a distinct pattern of structural covariance networks (SCN) from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived measurements of brain cortical thickness characterized young adults with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and predicted current and future problematic drinking in adolescents relative to controls. Here, we establish the robustness and value of SCN for identifying heavy alcohol users in three additional independent studies. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies using data from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition and Genetics (PING) study (n = 400, age range = 14-22 years), the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) (n = 272, age range = 17-22 years) and the Human Connectome Project (HCP) (n = 375, age range = 22-37 years). CASES Cases were defined based on heavy alcohol use patterns or former alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnoses: 50, 68 and 61 cases were identified. Controls had none or low alcohol use or absence of AUD: 350, 204 and 314 controls were selected. MEASUREMENTS Graph theory metrics of segregation and integration were used to summarize SCN. FINDINGS Mirroring our prior findings, and across the three data sets, cases had a lower clustering coefficient [area under the curve (AUC) = -0.029, P = 0.002], lower modularity (AUC = -0.14, P = 0.004), lower average shortest path length (AUC = -0.078, P = 0.017) and higher global efficiency (AUC = 0.007, P = 0.010). Local efficiency differences were marginal (AUC = -0.017, P = 0.052). That is, cases exhibited lower network segregation and higher integration, suggesting that adjacent nodes (i.e. brain regions) were less similar in thickness whereas spatially distant nodes were more similar. CONCLUSION Structural covariance network (SCN) differences in the brain appear to constitute an early marker of heavy alcohol use in three new data sets and, more generally, demonstrate the utility of SCN-derived metrics to detect brain-related psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Ottino-González
- Division of Endocrinology, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Renata B. Cupertino
- Department of Genetics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Sage Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Devarshi Pancholi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Matthew D. Albaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Ty Brumback
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, USA
| | - Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Sandra A. Brown
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Duncan B. Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - David B. Goldston
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bonnie J. Nagel
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kate B. Nooner
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Kilian M. Pohl
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Susan F. Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wesley K. Thompson
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Terry L. Jernigan
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Scott Mackey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
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Linares D, Luna B, Loayza E, Taboada G, Ramaswami U. Prevalence of Fabry disease in patients with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 140:107714. [PMID: 37918171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disease caused by pathogenic variants in the GLA gene. It has a wide range of clinical manifestations, typically related to the specific underlying GLA variant. One of the main features of FD is kidney involvement; therefore, several studies have addressed the prevalence of FD in all types of patients with chronic kidney disease. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of screening studies in chronic kidney disease patients, including those on dialysis, had undergone a kidney transplantation, and those who did not receive kidney replacement therapy, and assessed the prevalence of pathogenic variants in these cohorts. Fifty-five studies were included, involving a total of 84,062 individuals. Of these, 251 cases were positive for FD; a third of the reported GLA variants were of a benign phenotype (37.8%), followed by classical phenotype (31.7%), late onset (15.5%), and of uncertain significance (14.7%). The overall prevalence among dialysis patients was 0.10% (CI95%, 0.06-0.15), 0.28% (CI95%, 0.06-0.15) among patients with kidney transplantation, and 0.17% (CI95%, 0.11-0.39) among those without kidney replacement therapy. Although the overall prevalence of FD is low in patients with kidney involvement, screening, especially in patients who have not yet undergone kidney replacement therapy, is important, in order to provide timely and effective treatment interventions, including disease modifying therapies. The prevalence of kidney involvement in females with Fabry Disease is lower but this should not lead to inadequate follow up. Further research is also needed on the impact of genetic variants of uncertain significance to elucidate their role in Fabry disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Linares
- Genetics Institute, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Genetics Institute, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - Edson Loayza
- Genetics Institute, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Gonzalo Taboada
- Genetics Institute, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Uma Ramaswami
- Lysosomal Storage Disorders Unit, Royal Free London Hospitals, London, UK
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Tervo-Clemmens B, Calabro FJ, Parr AC, Fedor J, Foran W, Luna B. A canonical trajectory of executive function maturation from adolescence to adulthood. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6922. [PMID: 37903830 PMCID: PMC10616171 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Theories of human neurobehavioral development suggest executive functions mature from childhood through adolescence, underlying adolescent risk-taking and the emergence of psychopathology. Investigations with relatively small datasets or narrow subsets of measures have identified general executive function development, but the specific maturational timing and independence of potential executive function subcomponents remain unknown. Integrating four independent datasets (N = 10,766; 8-35 years old) with twenty-three measures from seventeen tasks, we provide a precise charting, multi-assessment investigation, and replication of executive function development from adolescence to adulthood. Across assessments and datasets, executive functions follow a canonical non-linear trajectory, with rapid and statistically significant development in late childhood to mid-adolescence (10-15 years old), before stabilizing to adult-levels in late adolescence (18-20 years old). Age effects are well captured by domain-general processes that generate reproducible developmental templates across assessments and datasets. Results provide a canonical trajectory of executive function maturation that demarcates the boundaries of adolescence and can be integrated into future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenden Tervo-Clemmens
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Finnegan J Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ashley C Parr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Fedor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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9
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Perica MI, Luna B. Impact of stress on excitatory and inhibitory markers of adolescent cognitive critical period plasticity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105378. [PMID: 37643681 PMCID: PMC10591935 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a time of significant neurocognitive development. Prolonged maturation of prefrontal cortex (PFC) through adolescence has been found to support improvements in executive function. Changes in excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms of critical period plasticity have been found to be present in the PFC through adolescence, suggesting that environment may have a greater effect on development during this time. Stress is one factor known to affect neurodevelopment increasing risk for psychopathology. However, less is known about how stress experienced during adolescence could affect adolescent-specific critical period plasticity mechanisms and cognitive outcomes. In this review, we synthesize findings from human and animal literatures looking at the experience of stress during adolescence on cognition and frontal excitatory and inhibitory neural activity. Studies indicate enhancing effects of acute stress on cognition and excitation within specific contexts, while chronic stress generally dampens excitatory and inhibitory processes and impairs cognition. We propose a model of how stress could affect frontal critical period plasticity, thus potentially altering neurodevelopmental trajectories that could lead to risk for psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Perica
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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10
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Jones SA, Morales AM, Harman G, Dominguez-Savage KA, Gilbert S, Baker FC, de Zambotti M, Goldston DB, Nooner KB, Clark DB, Luna B, Thompson WK, Brown SA, Tapert SF, Nagel BJ. Associations between alcohol use and sex-specific maturation of subcortical gray matter morphometry from adolescence to adulthood: Replication across two longitudinal samples. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 63:101294. [PMID: 37683327 PMCID: PMC10497992 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcortical brain morphometry matures across adolescence and young adulthood, a time when many youth engage in escalating levels of alcohol use. Initial cross-sectional studies have shown alcohol use is associated with altered subcortical morphometry. However, longitudinal evidence of sex-specific neuromaturation and associations with alcohol use remains limited. This project used generalized additive mixed models to examine sex-specific development of subcortical volumes and associations with recent alcohol use, using 7 longitudinal waves (n = 804, 51% female, ages 12-21 at baseline) from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA). A second, independent, longitudinal dataset, with up to four waves of data (n = 467, 43% female, ages 10-18 at baseline), was used to assess replicability. Significant, replicable non-linear normative volumetric changes with age were evident in the caudate, putamen, thalamus, pallidum, amygdala and hippocampus. Significant, replicable negative associations between subcortical volume and alcohol use were found in the hippocampus in all youth, and the caudate and thalamus in female but not male youth, with significant interactions present in the caudate, thalamus and putamen. Findings suggest a structural vulnerability to alcohol use, or a predisposition to drink alcohol based on brain structure, with female youth potentially showing heightened risk, compared to male youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Angelica M Morales
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gareth Harman
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Sydney Gilbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - David B Goldston
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kate B Nooner
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Duncan B Clark
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Population Neuroscience and Genetics Lab, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sandra A Brown
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Cascone AD, Calabro F, Foran W, Larsen B, Nugiel T, Parr AC, Tervo-Clemmens B, Luna B, Cohen JR. Brain tissue iron neurophysiology and its relationship with the cognitive effects of dopaminergic modulation in children with and without ADHD. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 63:101274. [PMID: 37453207 PMCID: PMC10372187 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit impairments in response inhibition. These impairments are ameliorated by modulating dopamine (DA) via the administration of rewards or stimulant medication like methylphenidate (MPH). It is currently unclear whether intrinsic DA availability impacts these effects of dopaminergic modulation on response inhibition. Thus, we estimated intrinsic DA availability using magnetic resonance-based assessments of basal ganglia and thalamic tissue iron in 36 medication-naïve children with ADHD and 29 typically developing (TD) children (8-12 y) who underwent fMRI scans and completed standard and rewarded go/no-go tasks. Children with ADHD additionally participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover MPH challenge. Using linear regressions covarying for age and sex, we determined there were no group differences in brain tissue iron. We additionally found that higher putamen tissue iron was associated with worse response inhibition performance in all participants. Crucially, we observed that higher putamen and caudate tissue iron was associated with greater responsivity to MPH, as measured by improved task performance, in participants with ADHD. These results begin to clarify the role of subcortical brain tissue iron, a measure associated with intrinsic DA availability, in the cognitive effects of reward- and MPH-related dopaminergic modulation in children with ADHD and TD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna D Cascone
- Neuroscience Curriculum, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Finnegan Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bart Larsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tehila Nugiel
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ashley C Parr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brenden Tervo-Clemmens
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jessica R Cohen
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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12
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Cabral L, Calabro FJ, Rasmussen J, Foran W, Moore LA, Graham A, O'Connor TG, Wadhwa PD, Entringer S, Fair D, Buss C, Panigrahy A, Luna B. Gestational and postnatal age associations for striatal tissue iron deposition in early infancy. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 63:101286. [PMID: 37549453 PMCID: PMC10423888 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Striatal development is crucial for later motor, cognitive, and reward behavior, but age-related change in striatal physiology during the neonatal period remains understudied. An MRI-based measure of tissue iron deposition, T2*, is a non-invasive way to probe striatal physiology neonatally, linked to dopaminergic processing and cognition in children and adults. Striatal subregions have distinct functions that may come online at different time periods in early life. To identify if there are critical periods before or after birth, we measured if striatal iron accrued with gestational age at birth [range= 34.57-41.85 weeks] or postnatal age at scan [range= 5-64 days], using MRI to probe the T2* signal in N = 83 neonates in three striatal subregions. We found iron increased with postnatal age in the pallidum and putamen but not the caudate. No significant relationship between iron and gestational age was observed. Using a subset of infants scanned at preschool age (N = 26), we show distributions of iron shift between time points. In infants, the pallidum had the least iron of the three regions but had the most by preschool age. Together, this provides evidence of distinct change for striatal subregions, a possible differentiation between motor and cognitive systems, identifying a mechanism that may impact future trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cabral
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Finnegan J Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jerod Rasmussen
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Will Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lucille A Moore
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Alice Graham
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Thomas G O'Connor
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA; Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Damien Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Claudia Buss
- Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA; Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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13
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Uhlhaas PJ, Davey CG, Mehta UM, Shah J, Torous J, Allen NB, Avenevoli S, Bella-Awusah T, Chanen A, Chen EYH, Correll CU, Do KQ, Fisher HL, Frangou S, Hickie IB, Keshavan MS, Konrad K, Lee FS, Liu CH, Luna B, McGorry PD, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Nordentoft M, Öngür D, Patton GC, Paus T, Reininghaus U, Sawa A, Schoenbaum M, Schumann G, Srihari VH, Susser E, Verma SK, Woo TW, Yang LH, Yung AR, Wood SJ. Towards a youth mental health paradigm: a perspective and roadmap. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3171-3181. [PMID: 37580524 PMCID: PMC10618105 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Most mental disorders have a typical onset between 12 and 25 years of age, highlighting the importance of this period for the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of mental ill-health. This perspective addresses interactions between risk and protective factors and brain development as key pillars accounting for the emergence of psychopathology in youth. Moreover, we propose that novel approaches towards early diagnosis and interventions are required that reflect the evolution of emerging psychopathology, the importance of novel service models, and knowledge exchange between science and practitioners. Taken together, we propose a transformative early intervention paradigm for research and clinical care that could significantly enhance mental health in young people and initiate a shift towards the prevention of severe mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Uhlhaas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christopher G Davey
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Urvakhsh Meherwan Mehta
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Jai Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John Torous
- Division of Digital Psychiatry and Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Shelli Avenevoli
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tolulope Bella-Awusah
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Andrew Chanen
- Orygen: National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric Y H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hostra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Kim Q Do
- Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Helen L Fisher
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, RWTH, Aachen, Germany
- JARA-Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Francis S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Cornell Medicall College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cindy H Liu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Orygen: National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- CORE-Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Dost Öngür
- McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - George C Patton
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tomáš Paus
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Akira Sawa
- The John Hopkins Schizophrenia Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Schoenbaum
- Division of Service and Intervention Research, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine, ISTBI, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vinod H Srihari
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program for Specialized Treatment Early in Psychosis (STEP), New Haven, VIC, USA
| | - Ezra Susser
- Departments of Epidemiology and Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Swapna K Verma
- Department of Psychosis, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T Wilson Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Cellular Neuropathology, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lawrence H Yang
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison R Yung
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen J Wood
- Orygen: National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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14
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McKeon SD, Calabro F, Thorpe RV, de la Fuente A, Foran W, Parr AC, Jones SR, Luna B. Age-related differences in transient gamma band activity during working memory maintenance through adolescence. Neuroimage 2023; 274:120112. [PMID: 37105338 PMCID: PMC10214866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a stage of development characterized by neurodevelopmental specialization of cognitive processes. In particular, working memory continues to improve through adolescence, with increases in response accuracy and decreases in response latency continuing well into the twenties. Human electroencephalogram (EEG) studies indicate that gamma oscillations (35-65 Hz) during the working memory delay period support the maintenance of mnemonic information guiding subsequent goal-driven behavior, which decrease in power with development. Importantly, recent electrophysiological studies have shown that gamma events, more so than sustained activity, may underlie working memory maintenance during the delay period. However, developmental differences in gamma events during working memory have not been studied. Here, we used EEG in conjunction with a novel spectral event processing approach to investigate age-related differences in transient gamma band activity during a memory guided saccade (MGS) task in 164 10- to 30-year-olds. Total gamma power was found to significantly decrease through adolescence, replicating prior findings. Results from the spectral event pipeline showed age-related decreases in the mean power of gamma events and trial-by-trial power variability across both the delay period and fixation epochs of the MGS task. In addition, we found that while event number decreased with age during the fixation period, the developmental decrease during the delay period was more dramatic, resulting in an increase in event spiking from fixation to delay in adolescence but not adulthood. While average power of the transient gamma events was found to mediate age-related differences in total gamma power in the fixation and delay periods, the number of gamma events was related to total power in only the delay period, suggesting that the power of gamma events may underlie the sustained gamma activity seen in EEG literature while the number of events may directly support age-related improvements in working memory maintenance. Our findings provide compelling new evidence for mechanistic changes in neural processing characterized by refinements in neural function as behavior becomes optimized in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane D McKeon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States.
| | - Finnegan Calabro
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States
| | - Ryan V Thorpe
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Alethia de la Fuente
- Department of Physics, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Will Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States
| | - Ashley C Parr
- The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States
| | - Stephanie R Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Beatriz Luna
- The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States.
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15
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Cabral L, Calabro F, Rasmussen J, Foran W, Moore LA, Graham A, O'Connor TG, Wadhwa PD, Entringer S, Fair D, Buss C, Panigrahy A, Luna B. Gestational and postnatal age associations for striatal tissue iron deposition in early infancy. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.30.547249. [PMID: 37425933 PMCID: PMC10327226 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.30.547249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Striatal development is crucial for later motor, cognitive, and reward behavior, but age-related change in striatal physiology during the neonatal period remains understudied. An MRI-based measure of tissue iron deposition, T2*, is a non-invasive way to probe striatal physiology neonatally, linked to dopaminergic processing and cognition in children and adults. Striatal subregions have distinct functions that may come online at different time periods in early life. To identify if there are critical periods before or after birth, we measured if striatal iron accrued with gestational age at birth [range=34.57-41.85 weeks] or postnatal age at scan [range=5-64 days], using MRI to probe the T2* signal in N=83 neonates in three striatal subregions. We found iron increased with postnatal age in the pallidum and putamen but not the caudate. No significant relationship between iron and gestational age was observed. Using a subset of infants scanned at preschool age (N=26), we show distributions of iron shift between timepoints. In infants, the pallidum had the least iron of the three regions but had the most by preschool age. Together, this provides evidence of distinct change for striatal subregions, a possible differentiation between motor and cognitive systems, identifying a mechanism that may impact future trajectories. Highlights Neonatal striatal tissue iron can be measured using the T2* signal from rsfMRInT2* changed with postnatal age in the pallidum and putamen but not in the caudatenT2* did not change with gestational age in any of the three regionsPatterns of iron deposition (nT2*) among regions shift from infancy to preschool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cabral
- Department of Radiology University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Finn Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jerod Rasmussen
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA 92697
| | - Will Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Luci A Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA 14642
| | - Alice Graham
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, United States
| | - Thomas G O'Connor
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA 14642
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA 92697
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA 92697
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Damien Fair
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA 14642
| | - Claudia Buss
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA 92697
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Radiology University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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16
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Harnett NG, Dumornay NM, Delity M, Sanchez LD, Mohiuddin K, Musey PI, Seamon MJ, McLean SA, Kessler RC, Koenen KC, Beaudoin FL, Lebois L, van Rooij SJ, Sampson NA, Michopoulos V, Maples-Keller JL, Haran JP, Storrow AB, Lewandowski C, Hendry PL, Sheikh S, Jones CW, Punches BE, Kurz MC, Swor RA, McGrath ME, Hudak LA, Pascual JL, House SL, An X, Stevens JS, Neylan TC, Jovanovic T, Linnstaedt SD, Germine LT, Datner EM, Chang AM, Pearson C, Peak DA, Merchant RC, Domeier RM, Rathlev NK, O’Neil BJ, Sergot P, Bruce SE, Miller MW, Pietrzak RH, Joormann J, Barch DM, Pizzagalli DA, Sheridan JF, Smoller JW, Luna B, Harte SE, Elliott JM, Ressler KJ. Prior differences in previous trauma exposure primarily drive the observed racial/ethnic differences in posttrauma depression and anxiety following a recent trauma. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2553-2562. [PMID: 35094717 PMCID: PMC9339026 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721004475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial and ethnic groups in the USA differ in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent research however has not observed consistent racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic stress in the early aftermath of trauma, suggesting that such differences in chronic PTSD rates may be related to differences in recovery over time. METHODS As part of the multisite, longitudinal AURORA study, we investigated racial/ethnic differences in PTSD and related outcomes within 3 months after trauma. Participants (n = 930) were recruited from emergency departments across the USA and provided periodic (2 weeks, 8 weeks, and 3 months after trauma) self-report assessments of PTSD, depression, dissociation, anxiety, and resilience. Linear models were completed to investigate racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic dysfunction with subsequent follow-up models assessing potential effects of prior life stressors. RESULTS Racial/ethnic groups did not differ in symptoms over time; however, Black participants showed reduced posttraumatic depression and anxiety symptoms overall compared to Hispanic participants and White participants. Racial/ethnic differences were not attenuated after accounting for differences in sociodemographic factors. However, racial/ethnic differences in depression and anxiety were no longer significant after accounting for greater prior trauma exposure and childhood emotional abuse in White participants. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest prior differences in previous trauma exposure partially mediate the observed racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic depression and anxiety symptoms following a recent trauma. Our findings further demonstrate that racial/ethnic groups show similar rates of symptom recovery over time. Future work utilizing longer time-scale data is needed to elucidate potential racial/ethnic differences in long-term symptom trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. G. Harnett
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - N. M. Dumornay
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - M. Delity
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - L. D. Sanchez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - K. Mohiuddin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19141, USA
| | - P. I. Musey
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - M. J. Seamon
- Department of Surgery, Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
| | - S. A. McLean
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27559, USA
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27559, USA
| | - R. C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - K. C. Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - F. L. Beaudoin
- Department of Emergency Medicine & Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, 02930, USA
| | - L. Lebois
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - S. J. van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - N. A. Sampson
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - V. Michopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - J. L. Maples-Keller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - J. P. Haran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - A. B. Storrow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - C. Lewandowski
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - P. L. Hendry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine -Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA
| | - S. Sheikh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine -Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA
| | - C. W. Jones
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
| | - B. E. Punches
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - M. C. Kurz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - R. A. Swor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - M. E. McGrath
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - L. A. Hudak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - J. L. Pascual
- Department of Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
| | - S. L. House
- Department of Emergency Medicine,, Washington University School of Medicine,, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - X. An
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27559, USA
| | - J. S. Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - T. C. Neylan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - T. Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MA, 48202, USA
| | - S. D. Linnstaedt
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27559, USA
| | - L. T. Germine
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - E. M. Datner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Healthcare Network, Pennsylvania, PA, 19141, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Pennsylvania, PA, 19107, USA
| | - A. M. Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Pennsylvania, PA, 19107, USA
| | - C. Pearson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MA, 48202, USA
| | - D. A. Peak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - R. C. Merchant
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - R. M. Domeier
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ypsilanti, MI, 48197, USA
| | - N. K. Rathlev
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA, 01107, USA
| | - B. J. O’Neil
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MA, 48202, USA
| | - P. Sergot
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - S. E. Bruce
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - M. W. Miller
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - R. H. Pietrzak
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - J. Joormann
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - D. M. Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - D. A. Pizzagalli
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - J. F. Sheridan
- Department of Biosciences, OSU Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, OSU Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43211, USA
| | - J. W. Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - B. Luna
- Affiliation Laboratory of Neurocognitive Development, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center- Western Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - S. E. Harte
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - J. M. Elliott
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006,, Australia
- Physical Therapy & Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60208, USA
| | - K. J. Ressler
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Tervo-Clemmens B, Marek S, Chauvin RJ, Van AN, Kay BP, Laumann TO, Thompson WK, Nichols TE, Yeo BTT, Barch DM, Luna B, Fair DA, Dosenbach NUF. Reply to: Multivariate BWAS can be replicable with moderate sample sizes. Nature 2023; 615:E8-E12. [PMID: 36890374 PMCID: PMC9995264 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05746-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brenden Tervo-Clemmens
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Scott Marek
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Roselyne J Chauvin
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew N Van
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin P Kay
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy O Laumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Division of Biostatistics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Translational MR Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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18
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Calabro FJ, Montez DF, Larsen B, Laymon CM, Foran W, Hallquist MN, Price JC, Luna B. Striatal dopamine supports reward expectation and learning: A simultaneous PET/fMRI study. Neuroimage 2023; 267:119831. [PMID: 36586541 PMCID: PMC9983071 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence from both human neuroimaging and animal studies has supported a model of mesolimbic processing underlying reward learning behaviors, based on the computation of reward prediction errors. However, competing evidence supports human dopamine signaling in the basal ganglia as also contributing to the generation of higher order learning heuristics. Here, we present data from a large (N = 81, 18-30yo), multi-modal neuroimaging study using simultaneously acquired task fMRI, affording temporal resolution of reward system function, and PET imaging with [11C]Raclopride (RAC), assessing striatal dopamine (DA) D2/3 receptor binding, during performance of a probabilistic reward learning task. Both fMRI activation and PET DA measures showed ventral striatum involvement for signaling rewards. However, greater DA release was uniquely associated with learning strategies (i.e., learning rates) that were more task-optimal within the best fitting reinforcement learning model. This DA response was associated with BOLD activation of a network of regions including anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, thalamus and posterior parietal cortex, primarily during expectation, rather than prediction error, task epochs. Together, these data provide novel, human in vivo evidence that striatal dopaminergic signaling interacts with a network of cortical regions to generate task-optimal learning strategies, rather than representing reward outcomes in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finnegan J Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - David F Montez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bart Larsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Charles M Laymon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael N Hallquist
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julie C Price
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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19
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Ojha A, Parr AC, Foran W, Calabro FJ, Luna B. Puberty contributes to adolescent development of fronto-striatal functional connectivity supporting inhibitory control. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 58:101183. [PMID: 36495791 PMCID: PMC9730138 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is defined by puberty and represents a period characterized by neural circuitry maturation (e.g., fronto-striatal systems) facilitating cognitive improvements. Though studies have characterized age-related changes, the extent to which puberty influences maturation of fronto-striatal networks is less known. Here, we combine two longitudinal datasets to characterize the role of puberty in the development of fronto-striatal resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and its relationship to inhibitory control in 106 10-18-year-olds. Beyond age effects, we found that puberty was related to decreases in rsFC between the caudate and the anterior vmPFC, rostral and ventral ACC, and v/dlPFC, as well as with rsFC increases between the dlPFC and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) across males and females. Stronger caudate rsFC with the dlPFC and vlPFC during early puberty was associated with worse inhibitory control and slower correct responses, respectively, whereas by late puberty, stronger vlPFC rsFC with the dorsal striatum was associated with faster correct responses. Taken together, our findings suggest that certain fronto-striatal connections are associated with pubertal maturation beyond age effects, which, in turn are related to inhibitory control. We discuss implications of puberty-related fronto-striatal maturation to further our understanding of pubertal effects related to adolescent cognitive and affective neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Ojha
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Correspondence to: Laboratory of Neurocognitive Development, University of Pittsburgh, 121 Meyran Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Ashley C. Parr
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Finnegan J. Calabro
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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20
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Ravindranath O, Calabro FJ, Foran W, Luna B. Pubertal development underlies optimization of inhibitory control through specialization of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 58:101162. [PMID: 36308857 PMCID: PMC9618767 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory control improves into young adulthood after specialization of relevant brain systems during adolescence. However, the biological mechanisms supporting this unique transition are not well understood. Given that adolescence is defined by puberty, we examined relative contributions of chronological age and pubertal maturation to inhibitory control development. 105 8-19-year-olds completed 1-5 longitudinal visits (227 visits total) in which pubertal development was assessed via self-reported Tanner stage and inhibitory control was assessed with an in-scanner antisaccade task. As expected, percentage and latency of correct antisaccade responses improved with age and pubertal stage. When controlling for pubertal stage, chronological age was distinctly associated with correct response rate. In contrast, pubertal stage was uniquely associated with antisaccade latency even when controlling for age. Chronological age was associated with fMRI task activation in several regions including the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, while puberty was associated with right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) activation. Furthermore, task-related connectivity between VLPFC and cingulate was associated with both pubertal stage and response latency. These results suggest that while age-related developmental processes may support maturation of brain systems underlying the ability to inhibit a response, puberty may play a larger role in the effectiveness of generating cognitive control responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orma Ravindranath
- Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, USA,Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, USA,Correspondence to: Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Neurocognitive Development, University of Pittsburgh, Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Finnegan J. Calabro
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, USA,Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, USA,Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | | | - Beatriz Luna
- Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, USA,Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, USA,Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, USA
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21
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Sonnenschein SF, Mayeli A, Yushmanov VE, Blazer A, Calabro FJ, Perica M, Foran W, Luna B, Hetherington HP, Ferrarelli F, Sarpal DK. A longitudinal investigation of GABA, glutamate, and glutamine across the insula during antipsychotic treatment of first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2022; 248:98-106. [PMID: 36029656 PMCID: PMC10018530 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) typically present with acute psychotic symptoms. Though antipsychotic drugs are the mainstay for treatment, the neurobiology underlying successful treatment remains largely elusive. Recent evidence from functional connectivity studies highlights the insula as a key structure in the neural mechanism of response. However, molecular contributions to response across insular regions remain largely unknown. We used 7-Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to measure glutamate (Glu), Glutamine (Gln), and GABA from anterior and posterior regions of the insula across antipsychotic treatment. A total of 36 participants were examined, including 15 individuals with FES and moderate to severe psychosis who were scanned at two time points, while starting and after 6 weeks of antipsychotic treatment. Symptoms were carefully monitored across the study period to characterize treatment response. GABA, Glu, and Gln levels were calculated relative to creatine in anterior and posterior insular regions, bilaterally. In relation to psychotic symptom reduction, we observed a significant increase in Glu across all insular regions with (p < 0.001), but no corresponding changes in Gln or GABA. In group analyses, the FES cohort showed lower levels of Glu (p < 0.001) and GABA (p = 0.02) at baseline. Finally, in exploratory analyses, treatment remitters demonstrated a normalization of lower insular Glu levels across treatment, unlike non-remitters. Overall, these findings contribute to our understating of molecular changes associated with antipsychotic response and demonstrate abnormalities specific to the insula in FES.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Mayeli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Annie Blazer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Finnegan J Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria Perica
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deepak K Sarpal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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22
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Perica MI, Calabro FJ, Larsen B, Foran W, Yushmanov VE, Hetherington H, Tervo-Clemmens B, Moon CH, Luna B. Development of frontal GABA and glutamate supports excitation/inhibition balance from adolescence into adulthood. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 219:102370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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23
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Punches BE, Stolz U, Freiermuth CE, Ancona RM, McLean SA, House SL, Beaudoin FL, An X, Stevens JS, Zeng D, Neylan TC, Clifford GD, Jovanovic T, Linnstaedt SD, Germine LT, Bollen KA, Rauch SL, Haran JP, Storrow AB, Lewandowski C, Musey PI, Hendry PL, Sheikh S, Jones CW, Kurz MC, Gentile NT, McGrath ME, Hudak LA, Pascual JL, Seamon MJ, Harris E, Chang AM, Pearson C, Peak DA, Merchant RC, Domeier RM, Rathlev NK, O’Neil BJ, Sanchez LD, Bruce SE, Pietrzak RH, Joormann J, Barch DM, Pizzagalli DA, Smoller JW, Luna B, Harte SE, Elliott JM, Kessler RC, Ressler KJ, Koenen KC, Lyons MS. Predicting at-risk opioid use three months after ed visit for trauma: Results from the AURORA study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273378. [PMID: 36149896 PMCID: PMC9506640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Whether short-term, low-potency opioid prescriptions for acute pain lead to future at-risk opioid use remains controversial and inadequately characterized. Our objective was to measure the association between emergency department (ED) opioid analgesic exposure after a physical, trauma-related event and subsequent opioid use. We hypothesized ED opioid analgesic exposure is associated with subsequent at-risk opioid use. Methods Participants were enrolled in AURORA, a prospective cohort study of adult patients in 29 U.S., urban EDs receiving care for a traumatic event. Exclusion criteria were hospital admission, persons reporting any non-medical opioid use (e.g., opioids without prescription or taking more than prescribed for euphoria) in the 30 days before enrollment, and missing or incomplete data regarding opioid exposure or pain. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the relationship between ED opioid exposure and at-risk opioid use, defined as any self-reported non-medical opioid use after initial ED encounter or prescription opioid use at 3-months. Results Of 1441 subjects completing 3-month follow-up, 872 participants were included for analysis. At-risk opioid use occurred within 3 months in 33/620 (5.3%, CI: 3.7,7.4) participants without ED opioid analgesic exposure; 4/16 (25.0%, CI: 8.3, 52.6) with ED opioid prescription only; 17/146 (11.6%, CI: 7.1, 18.3) with ED opioid administration only; 12/90 (13.3%, CI: 7.4, 22.5) with both. Controlling for clinical factors, adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for at-risk opioid use after ED opioid exposure were: ED prescription only: 4.9 (95% CI 1.4, 17.4); ED administration for analgesia only: 2.0 (CI 1.0, 3.8); both: 2.8 (CI 1.2, 6.5). Conclusions ED opioids were associated with subsequent at-risk opioid use within three months in a geographically diverse cohort of adult trauma patients. This supports need for prospective studies focused on the long-term consequences of ED opioid analgesic exposure to estimate individual risk and guide therapeutic decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany E. Punches
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Department of Emergency Medicine College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Uwe Stolz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Caroline E. Freiermuth
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Rachel M. Ancona
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Samuel A. McLean
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Stacey L. House
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Francesca L. Beaudoin
- Department of Emergency Medicine & Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Xinming An
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Jennifer S. Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Donglin Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Thomas C. Neylan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Gari D. Clifford
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MA, United States of America
| | - Sarah D. Linnstaedt
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Laura T. Germine
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States of America
- The Many Brains Project, Belmont, MA, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kenneth A. Bollen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience & Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Scott L. Rauch
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States of America
| | - John P. Haran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Alan B. Storrow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Christopher Lewandowski
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Paul I. Musey
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Phyllis L. Hendry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine -Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Sophia Sheikh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine -Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Kurz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Nina T. Gentile
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Meghan E. McGrath
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Lauren A. Hudak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Jose L. Pascual
- Department of Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, United States of America
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Seamon
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, United States of America
| | - Erica Harris
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Healthcare Network, Pennsylvania, PA, United States of America
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Pennsylvania, PA, United States of America
| | - Anna M. Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Pennsylvania, PA, United States of America
| | - Claire Pearson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MA, United States of America
| | - David A. Peak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Roland C. Merchant
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Domeier
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ypsilanti, MI, United States of America
| | - Niels K. Rathlev
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA, United States of America
| | - Brian J. O’Neil
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MA, United States of America
| | - Leon D. Sanchez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Steven E. Bruce
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri—St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Pietrzak
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Jutta Joormann
- Department of Psychology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Diego A. Pizzagalli
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States of America
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Steven E. Harte
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - James M. Elliott
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Northern Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia
- Physical Therapy & Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kerry J. Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States of America
| | - Karestan C. Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Lyons
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
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Lebois LAM, Harnett NG, van Rooij SJH, Ely TD, Jovanovic T, Bruce SE, House SL, Ravichandran C, Dumornay NM, Finegold KE, Hill SB, Merker JB, Phillips KA, Beaudoin FL, An X, Neylan TC, Clifford GD, Linnstaedt SD, Germine LT, Rauch SL, Haran JP, Storrow AB, Lewandowski C, Musey PI, Hendry PL, Sheikh S, Jones CW, Punches BE, Swor RA, McGrath ME, Hudak LA, Pascual JL, Seamon MJ, Datner EM, Chang AM, Pearson C, Domeier RM, Rathlev NK, O’Neil BJ, Sergot P, Sanchez LD, Miller MW, Pietrzak RH, Joormann J, Barch DM, Pizzagalli DA, Sheridan JF, Smoller JW, Luna B, Harte SE, Elliott JM, Kessler RC, Koenen KC, McLean SA, Stevens JS, Ressler KJ. Persistent Dissociation and Its Neural Correlates in Predicting Outcomes After Trauma Exposure. Am J Psychiatry 2022; 179:661-672. [PMID: 35730162 PMCID: PMC9444876 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21090911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dissociation, a disruption or discontinuity in psychological functioning, is often linked with worse psychiatric symptoms; however, the prognostic value of dissociation after trauma is inconsistent. Determining whether trauma-related dissociation is uniquely predictive of later outcomes would enable early identification of at-risk trauma populations. The authors conducted the largest prospective longitudinal biomarker study of persistent dissociation to date to determine its predictive capacity for adverse psychiatric outcomes following acute trauma. METHODS All data were part of the Freeze 2 data release from the Advancing Understanding of Recovery After Trauma (AURORA) study. Study participants provided self-report data about persistent derealization (N=1,464), a severe type of dissociation, and completed a functional MRI emotion reactivity task and resting-state scan 2 weeks posttrauma (N=145). Three-month follow-up reports were collected of posttraumatic stress, depression, pain, anxiety symptoms, and functional impairment. RESULTS Derealization was associated with increased ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activation in the emotion reactivity task and decreased resting-state vmPFC connectivity with the cerebellum and orbitofrontal cortex. In separate analyses, brain-based and self-report measures of persistent derealization at 2 weeks predicted worse 3-month posttraumatic stress symptoms, distinct from the effects of childhood maltreatment history and current posttraumatic stress symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that persistent derealization is both an early psychological and biological marker of worse later psychiatric outcomes. The neural correlates of trauma-related dissociation may serve as potential targets for treatment engagement to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder. These results underscore dissociation assessment as crucial following trauma exposure to identify at-risk individuals, and they highlight an unmet clinical need for tailored early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A M Lebois
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nathaniel G Harnett
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sanne J H van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Timothy D Ely
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MA, 48202, USA
| | - Steven E Bruce
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Stacey L House
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Caitlin Ravichandran
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Lurie Center for Autism, 1 Maguire Road, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Nathalie M Dumornay
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | | | - Sarah B Hill
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA
| | - Julia B Merker
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Karlye A Phillips
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Francesca L Beaudoin
- Department of Emergency Medicine & Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, 02930, USA
| | - Xinming An
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27559, USA
| | - Thomas C Neylan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Gari D Clifford
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Sarah D Linnstaedt
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27559, USA
| | - Laura T Germine
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- The Many Brains Project, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Scott L Rauch
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - John P Haran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Alan B Storrow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Paul I Musey
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Phyllis L Hendry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine -Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA
| | - Sophia Sheikh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine -Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA
| | - Christopher W Jones
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
| | - Brittany E Punches
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Robert A Swor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Meghan E McGrath
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Lauren A Hudak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Jose L Pascual
- Department of Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mark J Seamon
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Datner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Healthcare Network, Pennsylvania, PA, 19141, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Pennsylvania, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Anna M Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Pennsylvania, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Claire Pearson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MA, 48202, USA
| | - Robert M Domeier
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ypsilanti, MI, 48197, USA
| | - Niels K Rathlev
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA, 01107, USA
| | - Brian J O’Neil
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MA, 48202, USA
| | - Paulina Sergot
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Leon D Sanchez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mark W Miller
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jutta Joormann
- Department of Psychology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John F Sheridan
- Department of Biosciences, OSU Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, OSU Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43211, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Steven E Harte
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - James M Elliott
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Northern Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Physical Therapy & Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Samuel A McLean
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27559, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27559, USA
| | - Jennifer S Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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25
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Sarpal DK, Tarcijonas G, Calabro FJ, Foran W, Haas GL, Luna B, Murty VP. Context-specific abnormalities of the central executive network in first-episode psychosis: relationship with cognition. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2299-2308. [PMID: 33222723 PMCID: PMC9805803 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720004201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairments, which contribute to the profound functional deficits observed in psychotic disorders, have found to be associated with abnormalities in trial-level cognitive control. However, neural tasks operate within the context of sustained cognitive states, which can be assessed with 'background connectivity' following the removal of task effects. To date, little is known about the integrity of brain processes supporting the maintenance of a cognitive state in individuals with psychotic disorders. Thus, here we examine background connectivity during executive processing in a cohort of participants with first-episode psychosis (FEP). METHODS The following fMRI study examined background connectivity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), during working memory engagement in a group of 43 patients with FEP, relative to 35 healthy controls (HC). Findings were also examined in relation to measures of executive function. RESULTS The FEP group relative to HC showed significantly lower background DLPFC connectivity with bilateral superior parietal lobule (SPL) and left inferior parietal lobule. Background connectivity between DLPFC and SPL was also positively associated with overall cognition across all subjects and in our FEP group. In comparison, resting-state frontoparietal connectivity did not differ between groups and was not significantly associated with overall cognition, suggesting that psychosis-related alterations in executive networks only emerged during states of goal-oriented behavior. CONCLUSIONS These results provide novel evidence indicating while frontoparietal connectivity at rest appears intact in psychosis, when engaged during a cognitive state, it is impaired possibly undermining cognitive control capacities in FEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K. Sarpal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Goda Tarcijonas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Finnegan J. Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gretchen L. Haas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vishnu P. Murty
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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26
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Patel Y, Shin J, Abé C, Agartz I, Alloza C, Alnæs D, Ambrogi S, Antonucci LA, Arango C, Arolt V, Auzias G, Ayesa-Arriola R, Banaj N, Banaschewski T, Bandeira C, Başgöze Z, Cupertino RB, Bau CHD, Bauer J, Baumeister S, Bernardoni F, Bertolino A, Bonnin CDM, Brandeis D, Brem S, Bruggemann J, Bülow R, Bustillo JR, Calderoni S, Calvo R, Canales-Rodríguez EJ, Cannon DM, Carmona S, Carr VJ, Catts SV, Chenji S, Chew QH, Coghill D, Connolly CG, Conzelmann A, Craven AR, Crespo-Facorro B, Cullen K, Dahl A, Dannlowski U, Davey CG, Deruelle C, Díaz-Caneja CM, Dohm K, Ehrlich S, Epstein J, Erwin-Grabner T, Eyler LT, Fedor J, Fitzgerald J, Foran W, Ford JM, Fortea L, Fuentes-Claramonte P, Fullerton J, Furlong L, Gallagher L, Gao B, Gao S, Goikolea JM, Gotlib I, Goya-Maldonado R, Grabe HJ, Green M, Grevet EH, Groenewold NA, Grotegerd D, Gruber O, Haavik J, Hahn T, Harrison BJ, Heindel W, Henskens F, Heslenfeld DJ, Hilland E, Hoekstra PJ, Hohmann S, Holz N, Howells FM, Ipser JC, Jahanshad N, Jakobi B, Jansen A, Janssen J, Jonassen R, Kaiser A, Kaleda V, Karantonis J, King JA, Kircher T, Kochunov P, Koopowitz SM, Landén M, Landrø NI, Lawrie S, Lebedeva I, Luna B, Lundervold AJ, MacMaster FP, Maglanoc LA, Mathalon DH, McDonald C, McIntosh A, Meinert S, Michie PT, Mitchell P, Moreno-Alcázar A, Mowry B, Muratori F, Nabulsi L, Nenadić I, O'Gorman Tuura R, Oosterlaan J, Overs B, Pantelis C, Parellada M, Pariente JC, Pauli P, Pergola G, Piarulli FM, Picon F, Piras F, Pomarol-Clotet E, Pretus C, Quidé Y, Radua J, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Rasser PE, Reif A, Retico A, Roberts G, Rossell S, Rovaris DL, Rubia K, Sacchet M, Salavert J, Salvador R, Sarró S, Sawa A, Schall U, Scott R, Selvaggi P, Silk T, Sim K, Skoch A, Spalletta G, Spaniel F, Stein DJ, Steinsträter O, Stolicyn A, Takayanagi Y, Tamm L, Tavares M, Teumer A, Thiel K, Thomopoulos SI, Tomecek D, Tomyshev AS, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, Tosetti M, Uhlmann A, Van Rheenen T, Vazquez-Bourgón J, Vernooij MW, Vieta E, Vilarroya O, Weickert C, Weickert T, Westlye LT, Whalley H, Willinger D, Winter A, Wittfeld K, Yang TT, Yoncheva Y, Zijlmans JL, Hoogman M, Franke B, van Rooij D, Buitelaar J, Ching CRK, Andreassen OA, Pozzi E, Veltman D, Schmaal L, van Erp TGM, Turner J, Castellanos FX, Pausova Z, Thompson P, Paus T. Virtual Ontogeny of Cortical Growth Preceding Mental Illness. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:299-313. [PMID: 35489875 PMCID: PMC11080987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morphology of the human cerebral cortex differs across psychiatric disorders, with neurobiology and developmental origins mostly undetermined. Deviations in the tangential growth of the cerebral cortex during pre/perinatal periods may be reflected in individual variations in cortical surface area later in life. METHODS Interregional profiles of group differences in surface area between cases and controls were generated using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging from 27,359 individuals including those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and high general psychopathology (through the Child Behavior Checklist). Similarity of interregional profiles of group differences in surface area and prenatal cell-specific gene expression was assessed. RESULTS Across the 11 cortical regions, group differences in cortical area for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, and Child Behavior Checklist were dominant in multimodal association cortices. The same interregional profiles were also associated with interregional profiles of (prenatal) gene expression specific to proliferative cells, namely radial glia and intermediate progenitor cells (greater expression, larger difference), as well as differentiated cells, namely excitatory neurons and endothelial and mural cells (greater expression, smaller difference). Finally, these cell types were implicated in known pre/perinatal risk factors for psychosis. Genes coexpressed with radial glia were enriched with genes implicated in congenital abnormalities, birth weight, hypoxia, and starvation. Genes coexpressed with endothelial and mural genes were enriched with genes associated with maternal hypertension and preterm birth. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a neurodevelopmental model of vulnerability to mental illness whereby prenatal risk factors acting through cell-specific processes lead to deviations from typical brain development during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Patel
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean Shin
- The Hospital for Sick Children and Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christoph Abé
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Clara Alloza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sonia Ambrogi
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda A Antonucci
- Departments of Education Science, Psychology, Communication Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Volker Arolt
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Guillaume Auzias
- National Centre for Scientific Research, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Department of Psychiatry, Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cibele Bandeira
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Zeynep Başgöze
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Claiton H D Bau
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jochen Bauer
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sarah Baumeister
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Fabio Bernardoni
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Caterina Del Mar Bonnin
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Silvia Brem
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Robin Bülow
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Juan R Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosa Calvo
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Dara M Cannon
- Clinical Neuroimaging Lab, Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics, Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Susanna Carmona
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Stanley V Catts
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sneha Chenji
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qian Hui Chew
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Coghill
- Department of Paediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Colm G Connolly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Annette Conzelmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander R Craven
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, CIBERSAM, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Kathryn Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christopher G Davey
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Christine Deruelle
- National Centre for Scientific Research, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Katharina Dohm
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Jeffery Epstein
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tracy Erwin-Grabner
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lisa T Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Jennifer Fedor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacqueline Fitzgerald
- Trinity Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Judith M Ford
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Lydia Fortea
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Lisa Furlong
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Louise Gallagher
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bingchen Gao
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Si Gao
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jose M Goikolea
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ian Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Roberto Goya-Maldonado
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Eugenio H Grevet
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ben J Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Walter Heindel
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frans Henskens
- School of Medicine & Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dirk J Heslenfeld
- Experimental and Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Hilland
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nathalie Holz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Fleur M Howells
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan C Ipser
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Babette Jakobi
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Core Facility Brain imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Joost Janssen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rune Jonassen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Kaiser
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - James Karantonis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Joseph A King
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry, Marburg University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sheri-Michelle Koopowitz
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mikael Landén
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Stephen Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank P MacMaster
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luigi A Maglanoc
- Department for Data Capture and Collections Management, University Center for Information Technology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Colm McDonald
- Galway Neuroscience Centre, Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics, Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Patricia T Michie
- School of Psychology, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Ana Moreno-Alcázar
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bryan Mowry
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leila Nabulsi
- Clinical Neuroimaging Lab, Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics, Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mara Parellada
- School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose C Pariente
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging core facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Piarulli
- Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Felipe Picon
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Clara Pretus
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Joaquim Radua
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, CIBERSAM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul E Rasser
- Priority Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt-Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Susan Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diego Luiz Rovaris
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katya Rubia
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Sacchet
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Josep Salavert
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Akira Sawa
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ulrich Schall
- Priority Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodney Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pierluigi Selvaggi
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Tim Silk
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonin Skoch
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | - Filip Spaniel
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Olaf Steinsträter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Aleks Stolicyn
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yoichiro Takayanagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Leanne Tamm
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Maria Tavares
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Thiel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California
| | - David Tomecek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | | | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Michela Tosetti
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Magnetic Resonance, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Tamsyn Van Rheenen
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Javier Vazquez-Bourgón
- Department of Psychiatry, Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Vilarroya
- Department of Psychiatry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - Cynthia Weickert
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heather Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Willinger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Winter
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tony T Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Jendé L Zijlmans
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elena Pozzi
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dick Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | | | | | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children and Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Tomas Paus
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Blazer A, Chengappa KNR, Foran W, Parr AC, Kahn CE, Luna B, Sarpal DK. Changes in corticostriatal connectivity and striatal tissue iron associated with efficacy of clozapine for treatment‑resistant schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:2503-2514. [PMID: 35435461 PMCID: PMC9013738 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Though numerous studies demonstrate the superiority of clozapine (CLZ) for treatment of persistent psychotic symptoms that are characteristic of treatment-refractory schizophrenia (TRS), what remains unknown are the neural and molecular mechanisms underlying CLZ's efficacy. Recent work implicates increased corticostriatal functional connectivity as a marker of response to non-CLZ, dopamine (DA) D2-receptor blocking antipsychotic drugs. However, it is undetermined whether this connectivity finding also relates to CLZ's unique efficacy, or if response to CLZ is associated with changes in striatal DA functioning. OBJECTIVE In a cohort of 22 individuals with TRS, we examined response to CLZ in relation to the following: (1) change in corticostriatal functional connectivity; and (2) change in a magnetic resonance-based measure of striatal tissue iron (R2'), which demonstrates utility as a proxy measure for elements of DA functioning. METHODS Participants underwent scanning while starting CLZ and after 12 weeks of CLZ treatment. We used both cortical and striatal regions of interest to examine changes in corticostriatal interactions and striatal R2' in relation to CLZ response (% reduction of psychotic symptoms). RESULTS We first found that response to CLZ was associated with an increase in corticostriatal connectivity between the dorsal caudate and regions of the frontoparietal network (P < 0.05, corrected). Secondly, we observed no significant changes in striatal R2' across CLZ treatment. CONCLUSION Overall, these results indicate that changes in corticostriatal networks without gross shifts in striatal DA functioning underlies CLZ response. Our results provide novel mechanistic insight into response to CLZ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Blazer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - K N Roy Chengappa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - William Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ashley C Parr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Charles E Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deepak K Sarpal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Bridgwater M, Bachman P, Tervo-Clemmens B, Haas G, Hayes R, Luna B, Salisbury DF, Jalbrzikowski M. Developmental influences on symptom expression in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1698-1709. [PMID: 33019960 PMCID: PMC8021611 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720003463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neurodevelopmental model of psychosis was established over 30 years ago; however, the developmental influence on psychotic symptom expression - how age affects clinical presentation in first-episode psychosis - has not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS Using generalized additive modeling, which allows for linear and non-linear functional forms of age-related change, we leveraged symptom data from a large sample of antipsychotic-naïve individuals with first-episode psychosis (N = 340, 12-40 years, 1-12 visits), collected at the University of Pittsburgh from 1990 to 2017. We examined relationships between age and severity of perceptual and non-perceptual positive symptoms and negative symptoms. We tested for age-associated effects on change in positive or negative symptom severity following baseline assessment and explored the time-varying relationship between perceptual and non-perceptual positive symptoms across adolescent development. RESULTS Perceptual positive symptom severity significantly decreased with increasing age (F = 7.0, p = 0.0007; q = 0.003) while non-perceptual positive symptom severity increased with age (F = 4.1, p = 0.01, q = 0.02). Anhedonia severity increased with increasing age (F = 6.7, p = 0.00035; q = 0.0003), while flat affect decreased in severity with increased age (F = 9.8, p = 0.002; q = 0.006). Findings remained significant when parental SES, IQ, and illness duration were included as covariates. There were no developmental effects on change in positive or negative symptom severity (all p > 0.25). Beginning at age 18, there was a statistically significant association between severity of non-perceptual and perceptual symptoms. This relationship increased in strength throughout adulthood. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that as maturation proceeds, perceptual symptoms attenuate while non-perceptual symptoms are enhanced. Findings underscore how pathological brain-behavior relationships vary as a function of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Bridgwater
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Bachman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Gretchen Haas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- VISN4 MIRECC at VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dean F Salisbury
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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29
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Levine MA, Mandeville JB, Calabro F, Izquierdo-Garcia D, Chonde DB, Chen KT, Hong I, Price JC, Luna B, Catana C. Assessment of motion and model bias on the detection of dopamine response to behavioral challenge. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1309-1321. [PMID: 35118904 PMCID: PMC9207487 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221078616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Compartmental modeling analysis of 11C-raclopride (RAC) PET data can be used to measure the dopaminergic response to intra-scan behavioral tasks. Bias in estimates of binding potential (BPND) and its dynamic changes (ΔBPND) can arise both when head motion is present and when the compartmental model used for parameter estimation deviates from the underlying biology. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of motion and model bias within the context of a behavioral task challenge, examining the impacts of different mitigation strategies. Seventy healthy adults were administered bolus plus constant infusion RAC during a simultaneous PET/magnetic resonance (MR) scan with a reward task experiment. BPND and ΔBPND were estimated using an extension of the Multilinear Reference Tissue Model (E-MRTM2) and a new method (DE-MRTM2) was proposed to selectively discount the contribution of the initial uptake period. Motion was effectively corrected with a standard frame-based approach, which performed equivalently to a more complex reconstruction-based approach. DE-MRTM2 produced estimates of ΔBPND in putamen and nucleus accumbens that were significantly different from those estimated from E-MRTM2, while also decoupling ΔBPND values from first-pass k2' estimation and removing skew in the spatial bias distribution of parametric ΔBPND estimates within the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Levine
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph B Mandeville
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Finnegan Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Izquierdo-Garcia
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard-MIT Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel B Chonde
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin T Chen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Inki Hong
- Siemens Healthcare MI, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julie C Price
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ciprian Catana
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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Sonnenschein SF, Parr AC, Larsen B, Calabro FJ, Foran W, Eack SM, Luna B, Sarpal DK. Subcortical brain iron deposition in individuals with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 151:272-278. [PMID: 35523067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Subcortical structures play a critical role the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia (SZ), yet underlying neurophysiological processes, in vivo, remain largely unexplored. Brain tissue iron, which can be measured with magnetic resonance-based methods, is a crucial component of a variety of neuronal functions including neurotransmitter synthesis. Here we used a proxy measure of tissue iron to examine basal ganglia and thalamic structures in an adult cohort of individuals with chronic SZ. A publicly available dataset of 72 individuals with SZ between ages 18 and 65, and a matched sample of 74 healthy control (HC) participants were included. A novel method that calculated the inverse-normalized T2*-weighted contrast (1/nT2*) was used to estimate brain iron within the basal ganglia and thalamus. Between group, age- and sex-related differences in 1/nT2* were examined, in addition to correlations with measures of psychopathology and cognition. Individuals with SZ showed greater 1/nT2* (iron index) compared to HCs in the thalamus (p < 0.01, FWE corrected). Age-related 1/nT2* accumulation was noted in regions of the basal ganglia, coinciding with prior work, and prominent sex-differences were noted in the caudate and thalamus (p < 0.01, FWE corrected). No significant relationship was observed between 1/nT2* and measures of neurocognition or psychopathology. Overall, our findings characterize a non-invasive proxy measure of tissue iron in SZ and highlight thalamic iron accumulation as a potential marker of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bart Larsen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Shaun M Eack
- Department of Psychiatry, USA; School of Social Work, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, USA; Department of Psychology, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Joormann J, McLean SA, Beaudoin FL, An X, Stevens JS, Zeng D, Neylan TC, Clifford G, Linnstaedt SD, Germine LT, Rauch S, Musey PI, Hendry PL, Sheikh S, Jones CW, Punches BE, Fermann G, Hudak LA, Mohiuddin K, Murty V, McGrath ME, Haran JP, Pascual J, Seamon M, Peak DA, Pearson C, Domeier RM, Sergot P, Merchant R, Sanchez LD, Rathlev NK, Peacock WF, Bruce SE, Barch D, Pizzagalli DA, Luna B, Harte SE, Hwang I, Lee S, Sampson N, Koenen KC, Ressler K, Kessler RC. Socio-demographic and trauma-related predictors of depression within eight weeks of motor vehicle collision in the AURORA study. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1934-1947. [PMID: 33118917 PMCID: PMC9341273 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720003773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is the first report on the association between trauma exposure and depression from the Advancing Understanding of RecOvery afteR traumA(AURORA) multisite longitudinal study of adverse post-traumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae (APNS) among participants seeking emergency department (ED) treatment in the aftermath of a traumatic life experience. METHODS We focus on participants presenting at EDs after a motor vehicle collision (MVC), which characterizes most AURORA participants, and examine associations of participant socio-demographics and MVC characteristics with 8-week depression as mediated through peritraumatic symptoms and 2-week depression. RESULTS Eight-week depression prevalence was relatively high (27.8%) and associated with several MVC characteristics (being passenger v. driver; injuries to other people). Peritraumatic distress was associated with 2-week but not 8-week depression. Most of these associations held when controlling for peritraumatic symptoms and, to a lesser degree, depressive symptoms at 2-weeks post-trauma. CONCLUSIONS These observations, coupled with substantial variation in the relative strength of the mediating pathways across predictors, raises the possibility of diverse and potentially complex underlying biological and psychological processes that remain to be elucidated in more in-depth analyses of the rich and evolving AURORA database to find new targets for intervention and new tools for risk-based stratification following trauma exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Joormann
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Samuel A. McLean
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Francesca L. Beaudoin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Xinming An
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donglin Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas C. Neylan
- San Francisco VA Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gari Clifford
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah D. Linnstaedt
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura T. Germine
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Many Brains Project, Acton, MA, USA
| | - Scott Rauch
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Paul I. Musey
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Phyllis L. Hendry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Sophia Sheikh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Brittany E. Punches
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Nursing, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gregory Fermann
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lauren A. Hudak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kamran Mohiuddin
- Department of Emergency Medicine/Internal Medicine, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vishnu Murty
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meghan E. McGrath
- Departmentof Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John P. Haran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jose Pascual
- Department of Surgery and Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark Seamon
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David A. Peak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claire Pearson
- Wayne State University Department of Emergency Medicine, Ascension St. John Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Robert M. Domeier
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paulina Sergot
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roland Merchant
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leon D. Sanchez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Niels K. Rathlev
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - William F. Peacock
- Henry JN Taub Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven E. Bruce
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deanna Barch
- Departments of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Beatriz Luna
- Laboratory of Neurocognitive Development, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven E. Harte
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Irving Hwang
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sue Lee
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy Sampson
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karestan C. Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kerry Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Sarpal DK, Blazer A, Wilson JD, Calabro FJ, Foran W, Kahn CE, Luna B, Chengappa KNR. Relationship between plasma clozapine/N-desmethylclozapine and changes in basal forebrain-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex coupling in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2022; 243:170-177. [PMID: 35381515 PMCID: PMC9189030 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Clozapine (CLZ) demonstrates a unique clinical efficacy relative to other antipsychotic drugs. Previous work has linked the plasma ratio of CLZ and its major metabolite, N-desmethylclozapine (NDMC), to an inverse relationship with cognition via putative action on the cholinergic system. However, neuroimaging correlates of CLZ/NDMC remain unknown. Here, we examined changes in basal forebrain functional connectivity with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and secondly, cognition in relation to the CLZ/NDMC ratio. A cohort of nineteen chronically ill participants with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) undergoing 12 weeks of CLZ treatment were included. Measures of cognition and plasma CLZ/NDMC ratios were obtained in addition to resting-state functional neuroimaging scans, captured at baseline and after 12 weeks of CLZ treatment. We observed a significant correlation between basal forebrain-DLPFC connectivity and CLZ/NDMC ratios across CLZ treatment (p = 0.02). Consistent with previous findings, we also demonstrate a positive relationship between CLZ/NDMC ratio and working memory (p = 0.03). These findings may reflect the action of CLZ and NDMC on the muscarinic cholinergic system, highlighting a possible neural correlate of cognition across treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K. Sarpal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Annie Blazer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James D. Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Finnegan J. Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Charles E. Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - KN Roy Chengappa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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33
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Parr AC, Calabro F, Tervo-Clemmens B, Larsen B, Foran W, Luna B. Contributions of dopamine-related basal ganglia neurophysiology to the developmental effects of incentives on inhibitory control. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 54:101100. [PMID: 35344773 PMCID: PMC8961188 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory control can be less reliable in adolescence, however, in the presence of rewards, adolescents' performance often improves to adult levels. Dopamine is known to play a role in signaling rewards and supporting cognition, but its role in the enhancing effects of reward on adolescent cognition and inhibitory control remains unknown. Here, we assessed the contribution of basal ganglia dopamine-related neurophysiology using longitudinal MR-based assessments of tissue iron in rewarded inhibitory control, using an antisaccade task. In line with prior work, we show that neutral performance improves with age, and incentives enhance performance in adolescents to that of adults. We find that basal ganglia tissue iron is associated with individual differences in the magnitude of this reward boost, which is strongest in those with high levels of tissue iron, predominantly in adolescence. Our results provide novel evidence that basal ganglia neurophysiology supports developmental effects of rewards on cognition, which can inform neurodevelopmental models of the role of dopamine in reward processing during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley C Parr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 14213, United States.
| | - Finnegan Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 14213, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 14213, United States
| | | | - Bart Larsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Will Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 14213, United States
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 14213, United States.
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34
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Sha Z, van Rooij D, Anagnostou E, Arango C, Auzias G, Behrmann M, Bernhardt B, Bolte S, Busatto GF, Calderoni S, Calvo R, Daly E, Deruelle C, Duan M, Duran FLS, Durston S, Ecker C, Ehrlich S, Fair D, Fedor J, Fitzgerald J, Floris DL, Franke B, Freitag CM, Gallagher L, Glahn DC, Haar S, Hoekstra L, Jahanshad N, Jalbrzikowski M, Janssen J, King JA, Lazaro L, Luna B, McGrath J, Medland SE, Muratori F, Murphy DGM, Neufeld J, O'Hearn K, Oranje B, Parellada M, Pariente JC, Postema MC, Remnelius KL, Retico A, Rosa PGP, Rubia K, Shook D, Tammimies K, Taylor MJ, Tosetti M, Wallace GL, Zhou F, Thompson PM, Fisher SE, Buitelaar JK, Francks C. Subtly altered topological asymmetry of brain structural covariance networks in autism spectrum disorder across 43 datasets from the ENIGMA consortium. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2114-2125. [PMID: 35136228 PMCID: PMC9126820 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01452-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Small average differences in the left-right asymmetry of cerebral cortical thickness have been reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to typically developing controls, affecting widespread cortical regions. The possible impacts of these regional alterations in terms of structural network effects have not previously been characterized. Inter-regional morphological covariance analysis can capture network connectivity between different cortical areas at the macroscale level. Here, we used cortical thickness data from 1455 individuals with ASD and 1560 controls, across 43 independent datasets of the ENIGMA consortium's ASD Working Group, to assess hemispheric asymmetries of intra-individual structural covariance networks, using graph theory-based topological metrics. Compared with typical features of small-world architecture in controls, the ASD sample showed significantly altered average asymmetry of networks involving the fusiform, rostral middle frontal, and medial orbitofrontal cortex, involving higher randomization of the corresponding right-hemispheric networks in ASD. A network involving the superior frontal cortex showed decreased right-hemisphere randomization. Based on comparisons with meta-analyzed functional neuroimaging data, the altered connectivity asymmetry particularly affected networks that subserve executive functions, language-related and sensorimotor processes. These findings provide a network-level characterization of altered left-right brain asymmetry in ASD, based on a large combined sample. Altered asymmetrical brain development in ASD may be partly propagated among spatially distant regions through structural connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Sha
- Department of Language & Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Celso Arango
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Gregorio Maran General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillaume Auzias
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix Marseille Universit, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Marlene Behrmann
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Boris Bernhardt
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sven Bolte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Curtin Autism Research Group, Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Geraldo F Busatto
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sara Calderoni
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosa Calvo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Hospital Clinic, Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, 2017SGR881, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eileen Daly
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christine Deruelle
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix Marseille Universit, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Meiyu Duan
- BioKnow Health Informatics Lab, College of Computer Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Fabio Luis Souza Duran
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sarah Durston
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Ecker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
- The Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Damien Fair
- Institute of Child Development, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Institute of the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer Fedor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- The Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dorothea L Floris
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Louise Gallagher
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- The Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115-5724, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Shlomi Haar
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Liesbeth Hoekstra
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joost Janssen
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Gregorio Maran General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joseph A King
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Luisa Lazaro
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Hospital Clinic, Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, 2017SGR881, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jane McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- The Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Filippo Muratori
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Declan G M Murphy
- The Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Behavioural Genetics Clinic, Adult Autism Service, Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley Foundation NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Janina Neufeld
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirsten O'Hearn
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Bob Oranje
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mara Parellada
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Gregorio Maran General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose C Pariente
- Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Merel C Postema
- Department of Language & Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karl Lundin Remnelius
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessandra Retico
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Pisa Division, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pedro Gomes Penteado Rosa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Katya Rubia
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Devon Shook
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristiina Tammimies
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Region, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Womens and Childrens Health, Karolinska Institutet and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margot J Taylor
- Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Gregory L Wallace
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Fengfeng Zhou
- BioKnow Health Informatics Lab, College of Computer Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Department of Language & Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Clyde Francks
- Department of Language & Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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35
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Marek S, Tervo-Clemmens B, Calabro FJ, Montez DF, Kay BP, Hatoum AS, Donohue MR, Foran W, Miller RL, Hendrickson TJ, Malone SM, Kandala S, Feczko E, Miranda-Dominguez O, Graham AM, Earl EA, Perrone AJ, Cordova M, Doyle O, Moore LA, Conan GM, Uriarte J, Snider K, Lynch BJ, Wilgenbusch JC, Pengo T, Tam A, Chen J, Newbold DJ, Zheng A, Seider NA, Van AN, Metoki A, Chauvin RJ, Laumann TO, Greene DJ, Petersen SE, Garavan H, Thompson WK, Nichols TE, Yeo BTT, Barch DM, Luna B, Fair DA, Dosenbach NUF. Reproducible brain-wide association studies require thousands of individuals. Nature 2022; 603:654-660. [PMID: 35296861 PMCID: PMC8991999 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 666] [Impact Index Per Article: 333.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has transformed our understanding of the human brain through well-replicated mapping of abilities to specific structures (for example, lesion studies) and functions1-3 (for example, task functional MRI (fMRI)). Mental health research and care have yet to realize similar advances from MRI. A primary challenge has been replicating associations between inter-individual differences in brain structure or function and complex cognitive or mental health phenotypes (brain-wide association studies (BWAS)). Such BWAS have typically relied on sample sizes appropriate for classical brain mapping4 (the median neuroimaging study sample size is about 25), but potentially too small for capturing reproducible brain-behavioural phenotype associations5,6. Here we used three of the largest neuroimaging datasets currently available-with a total sample size of around 50,000 individuals-to quantify BWAS effect sizes and reproducibility as a function of sample size. BWAS associations were smaller than previously thought, resulting in statistically underpowered studies, inflated effect sizes and replication failures at typical sample sizes. As sample sizes grew into the thousands, replication rates began to improve and effect size inflation decreased. More robust BWAS effects were detected for functional MRI (versus structural), cognitive tests (versus mental health questionnaires) and multivariate methods (versus univariate). Smaller than expected brain-phenotype associations and variability across population subsamples can explain widespread BWAS replication failures. In contrast to non-BWAS approaches with larger effects (for example, lesions, interventions and within-person), BWAS reproducibility requires samples with thousands of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Marek
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Brenden Tervo-Clemmens
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Finnegan J Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David F Montez
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin P Kay
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexander S Hatoum
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Meghan Rose Donohue
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - William Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryland L Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy J Hendrickson
- University of Minnesota Informatics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephen M Malone
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sridhar Kandala
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric Feczko
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Oscar Miranda-Dominguez
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alice M Graham
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eric A Earl
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Anders J Perrone
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michaela Cordova
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Olivia Doyle
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lucille A Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gregory M Conan
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Johnny Uriarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kathy Snider
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Benjamin J Lynch
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James C Wilgenbusch
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Thomas Pengo
- University of Minnesota Informatics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Angela Tam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Translational MR Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianzhong Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Translational MR Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dillan J Newbold
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Annie Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicole A Seider
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew N Van
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Athanasia Metoki
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Roselyne J Chauvin
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy O Laumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deanna J Greene
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven E Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Division of Biostatistics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Translational MR Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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36
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Lynn A, Luna B, O'Hearn K. Visual working memory performance is intact across development in autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2022; 15:881-891. [PMID: 35128834 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with atypical visual processing and deficits in working memory (WM). Visual WM performance typically improves between childhood and adulthood, but such improvement may be atypical in ASD. To better understand how visual WM develops, we used a well-established change detection task across multiple visual features. We examined visual WM for color, shape, and pattern in children, adolescents, and adults with and without ASD. VWM capacity and performance for all visual features improved across age similarly for both the TD and ASD groups. While performance was better on set size 4 trials than set size 8 trials for color, shape, and no change trials, such an effect was not evident for pattern change trials. Overall, the present findings suggest that VWM for different visual features may be intact across development in ASD. The ability to hold multiple objects in mind (WM) improves across typical development, but it remains unclear whether such improvement occurs in ASD. We found that developmental improvements in WM for different types of object details (e.g., color, shape, and pattern) is generally similar for both ASD and typical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lynn
- Department of Psychology & Human Development, Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kirsten O'Hearn
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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37
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Hoogman M, van Rooij D, Klein M, Boedhoe P, Ilioska I, Li T, Patel Y, Postema MC, Zhang‐James Y, Anagnostou E, Arango C, Auzias G, Banaschewski T, Bau CHD, Behrmann M, Bellgrove MA, Brandeis D, Brem S, Busatto GF, Calderoni S, Calvo R, Castellanos FX, Coghill D, Conzelmann A, Daly E, Deruelle C, Dinstein I, Durston S, Ecker C, Ehrlich S, Epstein JN, Fair DA, Fitzgerald J, Freitag CM, Frodl T, Gallagher L, Grevet EH, Haavik J, Hoekstra PJ, Janssen J, Karkashadze G, King JA, Konrad K, Kuntsi J, Lazaro L, Lerch JP, Lesch K, Louza MR, Luna B, Mattos P, McGrath J, Muratori F, Murphy C, Nigg JT, Oberwelland‐Weiss E, O'Gorman Tuura RL, O'Hearn K, Oosterlaan J, Parellada M, Pauli P, Plessen KJ, Ramos‐Quiroga JA, Reif A, Reneman L, Retico A, Rosa PGP, Rubia K, Shaw P, Silk TJ, Tamm L, Vilarroya O, Walitza S, Jahanshad N, Faraone SV, Francks C, van den Heuvel OA, Paus T, Thompson PM, Buitelaar JK, Franke B. Consortium neuroscience of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder: The ENIGMA adventure. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:37-55. [PMID: 32420680 PMCID: PMC8675410 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging has been extensively used to study brain structure and function in individuals with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) over the past decades. Two of the main shortcomings of the neuroimaging literature of these disorders are the small sample sizes employed and the heterogeneity of methods used. In 2013 and 2014, the ENIGMA-ADHD and ENIGMA-ASD working groups were respectively, founded with a common goal to address these limitations. Here, we provide a narrative review of the thus far completed and still ongoing projects of these working groups. Due to an implicitly hierarchical psychiatric diagnostic classification system, the fields of ADHD and ASD have developed largely in isolation, despite the considerable overlap in the occurrence of the disorders. The collaboration between the ENIGMA-ADHD and -ASD working groups seeks to bring the neuroimaging efforts of the two disorders closer together. The outcomes of case-control studies of subcortical and cortical structures showed that subcortical volumes are similarly affected in ASD and ADHD, albeit with small effect sizes. Cortical analyses identified unique differences in each disorder, but also considerable overlap between the two, specifically in cortical thickness. Ongoing work is examining alternative research questions, such as brain laterality, prediction of case-control status, and anatomical heterogeneity. In brief, great strides have been made toward fulfilling the aims of the ENIGMA collaborations, while new ideas and follow-up analyses continue that include more imaging modalities (diffusion MRI and resting-state functional MRI), collaborations with other large databases, and samples with dual diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human GeneticsRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Human GeneticsRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain CenterUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Premika Boedhoe
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & NeurosciencesAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Iva Ilioska
- Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Human GeneticsRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Yash Patel
- Bloorview Research InstituteHolland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Merel C. Postema
- Department of Language & GeneticsMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Yanli Zhang‐James
- Department of Psychiatry and behavioral sciencesSUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Department of Pediatrics University of TorontoHolland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAMMadridSpain
- School of Medicine, Universidad ComplutenseMadridSpain
| | | | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCentral Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Claiton H. D. Bau
- Department of Genetics, Institute of BiosciencesUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Adulthood ADHD Outpatient Program (ProDAH), Clinical Research CenterHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreBrazil
- Developmental Psychiatry Program, Experimental Research CenterHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Marlene Behrmann
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience InstituteCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Mark A. Bellgrove
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCentral Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychotherapyPsychiatric Hospital, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- The Neuroscience Center ZurichUniversity of Zurich and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Silvia Brem
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychotherapyPsychiatric Hospital, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- The Neuroscience Center ZurichUniversity of Zurich and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Geraldo F. Busatto
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM‐21), Departamento e Instituto de PsiquiatriaHospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental NeuroscienceIRCCS Fondazione Stella MarisPisaItaly
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychologyHospital ClínicBarcelonaSpain
| | - Rosa Calvo
- IDIBAPSBarcelonaSpain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryHassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU LangoneNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Francisco X. Castellanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryHassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU LangoneNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgNew YorkUSA
| | - David Coghill
- Department of Paediatrics and PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Annette Conzelmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyUniversity Hospital of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyTübingenGermany
- PFH – Private University of Applied Sciences, Department of Psychology (Clinical Psychology II)GöttingenGermany
| | - Eileen Daly
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental ScienceInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Ilan Dinstein
- Department of PsychologyBen Gurion UniversityBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Sarah Durston
- NICHE lab, Deptartment of PsychiatryUMC Utrecht Brain CenterUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Christine Ecker
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental ScienceInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyAutism Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological & Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of MedicineTechnischen Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
- Eating Disorders Research and Treatment Center at the Dept. of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineTechnischen Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Jeffery N. Epstein
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical PsychologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
- Department of PediatricsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Damien A. Fair
- Department of PsychiatryOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
- Department of Behavioral NeuroscienceOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | | | - Christine M. Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyAutism Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyOtto von Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE)MagdeburgGermany
| | - Louise Gallagher
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Eugenio H. Grevet
- Adulthood ADHD Outpatient Program (ProDAH), Clinical Research CenterHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreBrazil
- Developmental Psychiatry Program, Experimental Research CenterHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreBrazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical ScienceUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Jan Haavik
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Division of PsychiatryHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Pieter J. Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Joost Janssen
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAMMadridSpain
| | - Georgii Karkashadze
- Scientific research institute of Pediatrics and child health of Central clinical Hospital RAoSMoscowRussia
| | - Joseph A. King
- Division of Psychological & Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of MedicineTechnischen Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Child Neuropsychology SectionUniversity Hospital RWTH AachenAachenGermany
- JARA Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (INM‐11), Institute for Neuroscience and MedicineResearch Center JülichJulichGermany
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Luisa Lazaro
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychologyHospital ClínicBarcelonaSpain
- IDIBAPSBarcelonaSpain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Jason P. Lerch
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department for Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordUK
- The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Klaus‐Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental HealthUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Laboratory of Psychiatric NeurobiologyInstitute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
- Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Mario R. Louza
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Paulo Mattos
- D'Or Institute for Research and EducationRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Jane McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental NeuroscienceIRCCS Fondazione Stella MarisPisaItaly
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Clodagh Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental ScienceInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Joel T. Nigg
- Department of PsychiatryOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
- Department of Behavioral NeuroscienceOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Eileen Oberwelland‐Weiss
- JARA Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (INM‐11), Institute for Neuroscience and MedicineResearch Center JülichJulichGermany
- Translational Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent PsychiatryUniversity Hospital RWTH AachenAachenGermany
| | - Ruth L. O'Gorman Tuura
- Center for MR ResearchUniversity Children's HospitalZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP)ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Kirsten O'Hearn
- Department of physiology and pharmacologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Clinical Neuropsychology SectionVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mara Parellada
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAMMadridSpain
- School of MedicineUniversidad ComplutenseMadridSpain
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Biological PsychologyClinical Psychology and PsychotherapyWürzburgGermany
| | - Kerstin J. Plessen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health CentreCopenhagenDenmark
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of PsychiatryUniversity Hospital LausanneSwitzerland
| | - J. Antoni Ramos‐Quiroga
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of PsychiatryHospital Universitari Vall d'HebronBarcelonaSpain
- Group of Psychiatry, Addictions and Mental HealthVall d'Hebron Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic MedicineUniversitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and PsychotherapyUniversity Hospital FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Liesbeth Reneman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Brain Imaging CenterAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Pedro G. P. Rosa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM‐21), Departamento e Instituto de PsiquiatriaHospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Philip Shaw
- National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMarylandUSA
- National Institute of Mental HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Tim J. Silk
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Deakin UniversitySchool of PsychologyGeelongAustralia
| | - Leanne Tamm
- Department of PediatricsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
- College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Oscar Vilarroya
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic MedicineUniversitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychotherapyPsychiatric Hospital, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- The Neuroscience Center ZurichUniversity of Zurich and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics CenterStevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USCMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Stephen V. Faraone
- Department of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and PhysiologySUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Clyde Francks
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Language & GeneticsMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Odile A. van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & NeurosciencesAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tomas Paus
- Bloorview Research InstituteHolland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Departments of Psychology & PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics CenterStevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USCMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Karakter child and adolescent psychiatry University CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human GeneticsRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of PsychiatryRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
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Perica MI, Ravindranath O, Calabro FJ, Foran W, Luna B. Hippocampal-Prefrontal Connectivity Prior to the COVID-19 Pandemic Predicts Stress Reactivity. Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci 2021; 1:283-290. [PMID: 34849503 PMCID: PMC8612769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND By adolescence, foundational cognitive and affective neurobehavioral processes specialize based on environmental demands, such as stress, to determine the basis of adult trajectories. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has increased stress for everyone, particularly adolescents who face unique stressors such as restrictions in socialization and education. However, variability in brain processes supporting stress reactivity is not well understood. Here, we leverage pre-pandemic brain development studies to identify how maturity of prefrontal connectivity with the amygdala and hippocampus (HPC) is associated with response to COVID-19. We hypothesized that age-related changes in connectivity of affective and cognitive brain systems may underlie the emotional response of adolescents during the pandemic. METHODS In this study, 10- to 31-year-old participants (n = 111) completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans prior to the pandemic and then completed a questionnaire 9 months into the pandemic measuring worry, COVID-related stress, sadness, perceived stress, and positive affect. Associations between pairwise functional connectivity of HPC/amygdala subregions with prefrontal cortex subdivisions and affective reactivity during the pandemic were examined. RESULTS Regression analyses indicated that both worry and COVID-19-related stress increased with age (false discovery rate-corrected p < .05). Furthermore, greater connectivity between the anterior ventromedial prefrontal cortex and posterior HPC was associated with greater worry and COVID-19-related stress (p < .05 corrected), which was primarily driven by individuals younger than 18 years. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results indicate that increases in stress reactivity to the COVID-19 pandemic across the transition to adulthood are driven by maturation of posterior HPC-ventromedial prefrontal cortex coupling, which integrates stress response and emotional memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. Perica
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Orma Ravindranath
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Finnegan J. Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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39
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Seligowski AV, Steuber ER, Hinrichs R, Reda MH, Wiltshire CN, Wanna CP, Winters SJ, Phillips KA, House SL, Beaudoin FL, An X, Stevens JS, Zeng D, Neylan TC, Clifford GD, Linnstaedt SD, Germine LT, Bollen KA, Guffanti G, Rauch SL, Haran JP, Storrow AB, Lewandowski C, Musey PI, Hendry PL, Sheikh S, Jones CW, Punches BE, Kurz MC, Murty VP, McGrath ME, Hudak LA, Pascual JL, Seamon MJ, Datner EM, Chang AM, Pearson C, Peak DA, Merchant RC, Domeier RM, Rathlev NK, O'Neil BJ, Sanchez LD, Bruce SE, Miller MW, Pietrzak RH, Joormann J, Barch DM, Pizzagalli DA, Sheridan JF, Luna B, Harte SE, Elliott JM, Koenen KC, Kessler RC, McLean SA, Ressler KJ, Jovanovic T. A prospective examination of sex differences in posttraumatic autonomic functioning. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100384. [PMID: 34485632 PMCID: PMC8397921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies have found that individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit deficits in autonomic functioning. While PTSD rates are twice as high in women compared to men, sex differences in autonomic functioning are relatively unknown among trauma-exposed populations. The current study used a prospective design to examine sex differences in posttraumatic autonomic functioning. METHODS 192 participants were recruited from emergency departments following trauma exposure (Mean age = 35.88, 68.2% female). Skin conductance was measured in the emergency department; fear conditioning was completed two weeks later and included measures of blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and high frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV). PTSD symptoms were assessed 8 weeks after trauma. RESULTS 2-week systolic BP was significantly higher in men, while 2-week HR was significantly higher in women, and a sex by PTSD interaction suggested that women who developed PTSD demonstrated the highest HR levels. Two-week HF-HRV was significantly lower in women, and a sex by PTSD interaction suggested that women with PTSD demonstrated the lowest HF-HRV levels. Skin conductance response in the emergency department was associated with 2-week HR and HF-HRV only among women who developed PTSD. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that there are notable sex differences in autonomic functioning among trauma-exposed individuals. Differences in sympathetic biomarkers (BP and HR) may have implications for cardiovascular disease risk given that sympathetic arousal is a mechanism implicated in this risk among PTSD populations. Future research examining differential pathways between PTSD and cardiovascular risk among men versus women is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia V. Seligowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Hinrichs
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Mariam H. Reda
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MA, 48202, USA
| | | | - Cassandra P. Wanna
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MA, 48202, USA
| | - Sterling J. Winters
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MA, 48202, USA
| | - Karlye A. Phillips
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stacey L. House
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Francesca L. Beaudoin
- Department of Emergency Medicine & Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, 02930, USA
| | - Xinming An
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27559, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Donglin Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27559, USA
| | - Thomas C. Neylan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Gari D. Clifford
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Sarah D. Linnstaedt
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27559, USA
| | - Laura T. Germine
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- The Many Brains Project, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Bollen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience & Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27559, USA
| | - Guia Guffanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Scott L. Rauch
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - John P. Haran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Alan B. Storrow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Paul I. Musey
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Phyllis L. Hendry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine -Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA
| | - Sophia Sheikh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine -Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
| | - Brittany E. Punches
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Michael C. Kurz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Vishnu P. Murty
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19121, USA
| | - Meghan E. McGrath
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Lauren A. Hudak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Jose L. Pascual
- Department of Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mark J. Seamon
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Datner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Healthcare Network, Pennsylvania, PA, 19141, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Pennsylvania, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Anna M. Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Pennsylvania, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Claire Pearson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MA, 48202, USA
| | - David A. Peak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Roland C. Merchant
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Robert M. Domeier
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ypsilanti, MI, 48197, USA
| | - Niels K. Rathlev
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA, 01107, USA
| | - Brian J. O'Neil
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MA, 48202, USA
| | - Leon D. Sanchez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Steven E. Bruce
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Mark W. Miller
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Robert H. Pietrzak
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jutta Joormann
- Department of Psychology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Diego A. Pizzagalli
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - John F. Sheridan
- Department of Biosciences, OSU Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, OSU Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43211, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Steven E. Harte
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - James M. Elliott
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Northern Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Physical Therapy & Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Karestan C. Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Samuel A. McLean
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27559, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27559, USA
| | - Kerry J. Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MA, 48202, USA
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40
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Stevens JS, Harnett NG, Lebois LAM, van Rooij SJH, Ely TD, Roeckner A, Vincent N, Beaudoin FL, An X, Zeng D, Neylan TC, Clifford GD, Linnstaedt SD, Germine LT, Rauch SL, Lewandowski C, Storrow AB, Hendry PL, Sheikh S, Musey PI, Haran JP, Jones CW, Punches BE, Lyons MS, Kurz MC, McGrath ME, Pascual JL, Datner EM, Chang AM, Pearson C, Peak DA, Domeier RM, O'Neil BJ, Rathlev NK, Sanchez LD, Pietrzak RH, Joormann J, Barch DM, Pizzagalli DA, Sheridan JF, Luna B, Harte SE, Elliott JM, Murty VP, Jovanovic T, Bruce SE, House SL, Kessler RC, Koenen KC, McLean SA, Ressler KJ. Brain-Based Biotypes of Psychiatric Vulnerability in the Acute Aftermath of Trauma. Am J Psychiatry 2021; 178:1037-1049. [PMID: 34645277 PMCID: PMC9069566 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2021.20101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major negative life events, such as trauma exposure, can play a key role in igniting or exacerbating psychopathology. However, few disorders are diagnosed with respect to precipitating events, and the role of these events in the unfolding of new psychopathology is not well understood. The authors conducted a multisite transdiagnostic longitudinal study of trauma exposure and related mental health outcomes to identify neurobiological predictors of risk, resilience, and different symptom presentations. METHODS A total of 146 participants (discovery cohort: N=69; internal replication cohort: N=77) were recruited from emergency departments within 72 hours of a trauma and followed for the next 6 months with a survey, MRI, and physiological assessments. RESULTS Task-based functional MRI 2 weeks after a motor vehicle collision identified four clusters of individuals based on profiles of neural activity reflecting threat reactivity, reward reactivity, and inhibitory engagement. Three clusters were replicated in an independent sample with a variety of trauma types. The clusters showed different longitudinal patterns of posttrauma symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a novel characterization of heterogeneous stress responses shortly after trauma exposure, identifying potential neuroimaging-based biotypes of trauma resilience and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Nathaniel G Harnett
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Lauren A M Lebois
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Sanne J H van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Timothy D Ely
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Alyssa Roeckner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Nico Vincent
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Francesca L Beaudoin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Xinming An
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Donglin Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Thomas C Neylan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Gari D Clifford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Sarah D Linnstaedt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Laura T Germine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Scott L Rauch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Christopher Lewandowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Alan B Storrow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Phyllis L Hendry
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Sophia Sheikh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Paul I Musey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - John P Haran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Christopher W Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Brittany E Punches
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Michael S Lyons
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Michael C Kurz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Meghan E McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Jose L Pascual
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Elizabeth M Datner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Anna M Chang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Claire Pearson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - David A Peak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Robert M Domeier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Brian J O'Neil
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Niels K Rathlev
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Leon D Sanchez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Jutta Joormann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - John F Sheridan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Steven E Harte
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - James M Elliott
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Vishnu P Murty
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Steven E Bruce
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Stacey L House
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Samuel A McLean
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (Stevens, van Rooij, Ely, Roeckner, Vincent); Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Harnett, Lebois, Ressler); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Harnett, Lebois, Pizzagalli, Ressler); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I. (Beaudoin); Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (An, Linnstaedt, McLean); Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Zeng); Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Neylan); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Clifford); Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine) and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (Lewandowski); Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Storrow); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville (Hendry, Sheikh); Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Musey); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Haran); Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, N.J. (Jones); Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Punches); Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (Lyons); Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (Kurz); Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama, Birmingham (Kurz); Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston (McGrath); Departments of Surgery (Pascual) and Neurosurgery (Pascual), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Philadelphia (Datner); Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia (Chang); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit (Pearson); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Peak); Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Domeier); Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (O'Neil); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield (Rathley); Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sanchez); Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn. (Pietrzak); Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Joorman); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis (Barch); Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (Sheridan); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Luna); Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Harte); the Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Elliott); Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Elliott); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Murty); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit (Jovanovich); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bruce); Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (House); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Koenen); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (McLean)
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Hammond M, Roche F, Harris J, Luna B, Mary J, Berger M, Vincent F, Zabbatino S, Heinichen L, Scheyer R, Holland S. IMAGING. Neuromuscul Disord 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lisdahl KM, Tapert S, Sher KJ, Gonzalez R, Nixon SJ, Ewing SWF, Conway KP, Wallace A, Sullivan R, Hatcher K, Kaiver C, Thompson W, Reuter C, Bartsch H, Wade NE, Jacobus J, Albaugh MD, Allgaier N, Anokhin AP, Bagot K, Baker FC, Banich MT, Barch DM, Baskin-Sommers A, Breslin FJ, Brown SA, Calhoun V, Casey BJ, Chaarani B, Chang L, Clark DB, Cloak C, Constable RT, Cottler LB, Dagher RK, Dapretto M, Dick A, Do EK, Dosenbach NUF, Dowling GJ, Fair DA, Florsheim P, Foxe JJ, Freedman EG, Friedman NP, Garavan HP, Gee DG, Glantz MD, Glaser P, Gonzalez MR, Gray KM, Grant S, Haist F, Hawes S, Heeringa SG, Hermosillo R, Herting MM, Hettema JM, Hewitt JK, Heyser C, Hoffman EA, Howlett KD, Huber RS, Huestis MA, Hyde LW, Iacono WG, Isaiah A, Ivanova MY, James RS, Jernigan TL, Karcher NR, Kuperman JM, Laird AR, Larson CL, LeBlanc KH, Lopez MF, Luciana M, Luna B, Maes HH, Marshall AT, Mason MJ, McGlade E, Morris AS, Mulford C, Nagel BJ, Neigh G, Palmer CE, Paulus MP, Pecheva D, Prouty D, Potter A, Puttler LI, Rajapakse N, Ross JM, Sanchez M, Schirda C, Schulenberg J, Sheth C, Shilling PD, Sowell ER, Speer N, Squeglia L, Sripada C, Steinberg J, Sutherland MT, Tomko R, Uban K, Vrieze S, Weiss SRB, Wing D, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Zucker RA, Heitzeg MM. Substance use patterns in 9-10 year olds: Baseline findings from the adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 227:108946. [PMID: 34392051 PMCID: PMC8833837 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development ™ Study (ABCD Study®) is an open-science, multi-site, prospective, longitudinal study following over 11,800 9- and 10-year-old youth into early adulthood. The ABCD Study aims to prospectively examine the impact of substance use (SU) on neurocognitive and health outcomes. Although SU initiation typically occurs during teen years, relatively little is known about patterns of SU in children younger than 12. METHODS This study aims to report the detailed ABCD Study® SU patterns at baseline (n = 11,875) in order to inform the greater scientific community about cohort's early SU. Along with a detailed description of SU, we ran mixed effects regression models to examine the association between early caffeine and alcohol sipping with demographic factors, externalizing symptoms and parental history of alcohol and substance use disorders (AUD/SUD). PRIMARY RESULTS At baseline, the majority of youth had used caffeine (67.6 %) and 22.5 % reported sipping alcohol (22.5 %). There was little to no reported use of other drug categories (0.2 % full alcohol drink, 0.7 % used nicotine, <0.1 % used any other drug of abuse). Analyses revealed that total caffeine use and early alcohol sipping were associated with demographic variables (p's<.05), externalizing symptoms (caffeine p = 0002; sipping p = .0003), and parental history of AUD (sipping p = .03). CONCLUSIONS ABCD Study participants aged 9-10 years old reported caffeine use and alcohol sipping experimentation, but very rare other SU. Variables linked with early childhood alcohol sipping and caffeine use should be examined as contributing factors in future longitudinal analyses examining escalating trajectories of SU in the ABCD Study cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M Lisdahl
- University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
| | - Susan Tapert
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Raul Gonzalez
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sara Jo Nixon
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Kevin P Conway
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alex Wallace
- University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ryan Sullivan
- University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Kelah Hatcher
- University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | - Wes Thompson
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Chase Reuter
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | | | - M D Albaugh
- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - N Allgaier
- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - A P Anokhin
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - K Bagot
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
| | - F C Baker
- SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - M T Banich
- University of Colorado Boulder, CO, United States
| | - D M Barch
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - F J Breslin
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - S A Brown
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - V Calhoun
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - B J Casey
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - B Chaarani
- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - L Chang
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - D B Clark
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - C Cloak
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - L B Cottler
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - R K Dagher
- National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - M Dapretto
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - A Dick
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - E K Do
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | | | - G J Dowling
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - D A Fair
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - P Florsheim
- University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - J J Foxe
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - E G Freedman
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - N P Friedman
- University of Colorado Boulder, CO, United States
| | - H P Garavan
- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - D G Gee
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - M D Glantz
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - P Glaser
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - M R Gonzalez
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - K M Gray
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - S Grant
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - F Haist
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - S Hawes
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - S G Heeringa
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - R Hermosillo
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - M M Herting
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - J M Hettema
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - J K Hewitt
- University of Colorado Boulder, CO, United States
| | - C Heyser
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - E A Hoffman
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - K D Howlett
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - R S Huber
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - M A Huestis
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - L W Hyde
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - W G Iacono
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - A Isaiah
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - M Y Ivanova
- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - R S James
- American Psychistric Association, United States
| | - T L Jernigan
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - N R Karcher
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - J M Kuperman
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - A R Laird
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - C L Larson
- University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - K H LeBlanc
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - M F Lopez
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - M Luciana
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - B Luna
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - H H Maes
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - A T Marshall
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - M J Mason
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - E McGlade
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - A S Morris
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States; Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - C Mulford
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - B J Nagel
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - G Neigh
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - C E Palmer
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - M P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - D Pecheva
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - D Prouty
- SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - A Potter
- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - L I Puttler
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - N Rajapakse
- National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - J M Ross
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - M Sanchez
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - C Schirda
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - J Schulenberg
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - C Sheth
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - P D Shilling
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - E R Sowell
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - N Speer
- University of Colorado Boulder, CO, United States
| | - L Squeglia
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - C Sripada
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - J Steinberg
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - M T Sutherland
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - R Tomko
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - K Uban
- University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - S Vrieze
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - S R B Weiss
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - D Wing
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - R A Zucker
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Mills KL, Siegmund KD, Tamnes CK, Ferschmann L, Wierenga LM, Bos MGN, Luna B, Li C, Herting MM. Inter-individual variability in structural brain development from late childhood to young adulthood. Neuroimage 2021; 242:118450. [PMID: 34358656 PMCID: PMC8489572 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental task in neuroscience is to characterize the brain’s developmental course. While replicable group-level models of structural brain development from childhood to adulthood have recently been identified, we have yet to quantify and understand individual differences in structural brain development. The present study examined inter-individual variability and sex differences in changes in brain structure, as assessed by anatomical MRI, across ages 8.0–26.0 years in 269 participants (149 females) with three time points of data (807 scans), drawn from three longitudinal datasets collected in the Netherlands, Norway, and USA. We further investigated the relationship between overall brain size and developmental changes, as well as how females and males differed in change variability across development. There was considerable inter-individual variability in the magnitude of changes observed for all examined brain measures. The majority of individuals demonstrated decreases in total gray matter volume, cortex volume, mean cortical thickness, and white matter surface area in mid-adolescence, with more variability present during the transition into adolescence and the transition into early adulthood. While most individuals demonstrated increases in white matter volume in early adolescence, this shifted to a majority demonstrating stability starting in mid-to-late adolescence. We observed sex differences in these patterns, and also an association between the size of an individual’s brain structure and the overall rate of change for the structure. The present study provides new insight as to the amount of individual variance in changes in structural morphometrics from late childhood to early adulthood in order to obtain a more nuanced picture of brain development. The observed individual- and sex-differences in brain changes also highlight the importance of further studying individual variation in developmental patterns in healthy, at-risk, and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Mills
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, USA; PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kimberly D Siegmund
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Christian K Tamnes
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lia Ferschmann
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Lara M Wierenga
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke G N Bos
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Megan M Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, USA.
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44
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Chaarani B, Hahn S, Allgaier N, Adise S, Owens MM, Juliano AC, Yuan DK, Loso H, Ivanciu A, Albaugh MD, Dumas J, Mackey S, Laurent J, Ivanova M, Hagler DJ, Cornejo MD, Hatton S, Agrawal A, Aguinaldo L, Ahonen L, Aklin W, Anokhin AP, Arroyo J, Avenevoli S, Babcock D, Bagot K, Baker FC, Banich MT, Barch DM, Bartsch H, Baskin-Sommers A, Bjork JM, Blachman-Demner D, Bloch M, Bogdan R, Bookheimer SY, Breslin F, Brown S, Calabro FJ, Calhoun V, Casey BJ, Chang L, Clark DB, Cloak C, Constable RT, Constable K, Corley R, Cottler LB, Coxe S, Dagher RK, Dale AM, Dapretto M, Delcarmen-Wiggins R, Dick AS, Do EK, Dosenbach NUF, Dowling GJ, Edwards S, Ernst TM, Fair DA, Fan CC, Feczko E, Feldstein-Ewing SW, Florsheim P, Foxe JJ, Freedman EG, Friedman NP, Friedman-Hill S, Fuemmeler BF, Galvan A, Gee DG, Giedd J, Glantz M, Glaser P, Godino J, Gonzalez M, Gonzalez R, Grant S, Gray KM, Haist F, Harms MP, Hawes S, Heath AC, Heeringa S, Heitzeg MM, Hermosillo R, Herting MM, Hettema JM, Hewitt JK, Heyser C, Hoffman E, Howlett K, Huber RS, Huestis MA, Hyde LW, Iacono WG, Infante MA, Irfanoglu O, Isaiah A, Iyengar S, Jacobus J, James R, Jean-Francois B, Jernigan T, Karcher NR, Kaufman A, Kelley B, Kit B, Ksinan A, Kuperman J, Laird AR, Larson C, LeBlanc K, Lessov-Schlagger C, Lever N, Lewis DA, Lisdahl K, Little AR, Lopez M, Luciana M, Luna B, Madden PA, Maes HH, Makowski C, Marshall AT, Mason MJ, Matochik J, McCandliss BD, McGlade E, Montoya I, Morgan G, Morris A, Mulford C, Murray P, Nagel BJ, Neale MC, Neigh G, Nencka A, Noronha A, Nixon SJ, Palmer CE, Pariyadath V, Paulus MP, Pelham WE, Pfefferbaum D, Pierpaoli C, Prescot A, Prouty D, Puttler LI, Rajapaske N, Rapuano KM, Reeves G, Renshaw PF, Riedel MC, Rojas P, de la Rosa M, Rosenberg MD, Ross MJ, Sanchez M, Schirda C, Schloesser D, Schulenberg J, Sher KJ, Sheth C, Shilling PD, Simmons WK, Sowell ER, Speer N, Spittel M, Squeglia LM, Sripada C, Steinberg J, Striley C, Sutherland MT, Tanabe J, Tapert SF, Thompson W, Tomko RL, Uban KA, Vrieze S, Wade NE, Watts R, Weiss S, Wiens BA, Williams OD, Wilbur A, Wing D, Wolff-Hughes D, Yang R, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Zucker RA, Potter A, Garavan HP. Baseline brain function in the preadolescents of the ABCD Study. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:1176-1186. [PMID: 34099922 PMCID: PMC8947197 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® is a 10-year longitudinal study of children recruited at ages 9 and 10. A battery of neuroimaging tasks are administered biennially to track neurodevelopment and identify individual differences in brain function. This study reports activation patterns from functional MRI (fMRI) tasks completed at baseline, which were designed to measure cognitive impulse control with a stop signal task (SST; N = 5,547), reward anticipation and receipt with a monetary incentive delay (MID) task (N = 6,657) and working memory and emotion reactivity with an emotional N-back (EN-back) task (N = 6,009). Further, we report the spatial reproducibility of activation patterns by assessing between-group vertex/voxelwise correlations of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation. Analyses reveal robust brain activations that are consistent with the published literature, vary across fMRI tasks/contrasts and slightly correlate with individual behavioral performance on the tasks. These results establish the preadolescent brain function baseline, guide interpretation of cross-sectional analyses and will enable the investigation of longitudinal changes during adolescent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chaarani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - S Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - N Allgaier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - S Adise
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - M M Owens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - A C Juliano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - D K Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - H Loso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - A Ivanciu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - M D Albaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - J Dumas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - S Mackey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - J Laurent
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - M Ivanova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - D J Hagler
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M D Cornejo
- Institute of Physics UC, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Pontificia, Chile
| | - S Hatton
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - L Aguinaldo
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - L Ahonen
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - W Aklin
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A P Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - J Arroyo
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Avenevoli
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D Babcock
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K Bagot
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - F C Baker
- SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - M T Banich
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - H Bartsch
- Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - J M Bjork
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - D Blachman-Demner
- NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Bloch
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Bogdan
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - F Breslin
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - S Brown
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - F J Calabro
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - V Calhoun
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - L Chang
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D B Clark
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - C Cloak
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - K Constable
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Corley
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - S Coxe
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - R K Dagher
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A M Dale
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M Dapretto
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - A S Dick
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - E K Do
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - N U F Dosenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - G J Dowling
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Edwards
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T M Ernst
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D A Fair
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - C C Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - E Feczko
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | | - J J Foxe
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - A Galvan
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D G Gee
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Giedd
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M Glantz
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P Glaser
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - J Godino
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M Gonzalez
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R Gonzalez
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - S Grant
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K M Gray
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - F Haist
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M P Harms
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - S Hawes
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - A C Heath
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S Heeringa
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - R Hermosillo
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - M M Herting
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J M Hettema
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - J K Hewitt
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - C Heyser
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - E Hoffman
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K Howlett
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R S Huber
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M A Huestis
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L W Hyde
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - W G Iacono
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M A Infante
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - O Irfanoglu
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Isaiah
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Iyengar
- National Endowment for the Arts, Washington DC, USA
| | - J Jacobus
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R James
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - B Jean-Francois
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T Jernigan
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - N R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - A Kaufman
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B Kelley
- National Institute of Justice, Washington DC, USA
| | - B Kit
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Ksinan
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - J Kuperman
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A R Laird
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - C Larson
- University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - K LeBlanc
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C Lessov-Schlagger
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - N Lever
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D A Lewis
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - K Lisdahl
- University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - A R Little
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Lopez
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Luciana
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - B Luna
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - P A Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - H H Maes
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - C Makowski
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A T Marshall
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M J Mason
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - J Matochik
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - E McGlade
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - I Montoya
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - G Morgan
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Morris
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - C Mulford
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P Murray
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B J Nagel
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - M C Neale
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - G Neigh
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - A Nencka
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - A Noronha
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S J Nixon
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - C E Palmer
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - V Pariyadath
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - W E Pelham
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - C Pierpaoli
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Prescot
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - D Prouty
- SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - N Rajapaske
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - G Reeves
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - M C Riedel
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - P Rojas
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M de la Rosa
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - M J Ross
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - M Sanchez
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - C Schirda
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D Schloesser
- NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - K J Sher
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - C Sheth
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - P D Shilling
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - W K Simmons
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - E R Sowell
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - N Speer
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - M Spittel
- NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L M Squeglia
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - C Sripada
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J Steinberg
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - C Striley
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - J Tanabe
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S F Tapert
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - W Thompson
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R L Tomko
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - K A Uban
- University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - S Vrieze
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - N E Wade
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R Watts
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S Weiss
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B A Wiens
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - O D Williams
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - A Wilbur
- SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - D Wing
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - D Wolff-Hughes
- NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Yang
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - R A Zucker
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Potter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - H P Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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45
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McLean SA, Ressler K, Koenen KC, Neylan T, Germine L, Jovanovic T, Clifford GD, Zeng D, An X, Linnstaedt S, Beaudoin F, House S, Bollen KA, Musey P, Hendry P, Jones CW, Lewandowski C, Swor R, Datner E, Mohiuddin K, Stevens JS, Storrow A, Kurz MC, McGrath ME, Fermann GJ, Hudak LA, Gentile N, Chang AM, Peak DA, Pascual JL, Seamon MJ, Sergot P, Peacock WF, Diercks D, Sanchez LD, Rathlev N, Domeier R, Haran JP, Pearson C, Murty VP, Insel TR, Dagum P, Onnela JP, Bruce SE, Gaynes BN, Joormann J, Miller MW, Pietrzak RH, Buysse DJ, Pizzagalli DA, Rauch SL, Harte SE, Young LJ, Barch DM, Lebois LAM, van Rooij SJH, Luna B, Smoller JW, Dougherty RF, Pace TWW, Binder E, Sheridan JF, Elliott JM, Basu A, Fromer M, Parlikar T, Zaslavsky AM, Kessler R. Correction: The AURORA Study: a longitudinal, multimodal library of brain biology and function after traumatic stress exposure. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3658. [PMID: 32989243 PMCID: PMC10853881 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A McLean
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Kerry Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Thomas Neylan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura Germine
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gari D Clifford
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donglin Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, UNC Gillings School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xinming An
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah Linnstaedt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Francesca Beaudoin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stacey House
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kenneth A Bollen
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paul Musey
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Phyllis Hendry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher W Jones
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, USA
| | | | - Robert Swor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Datner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kamran Mohiuddin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alan Storrow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Christopher Kurz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Meghan E McGrath
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory J Fermann
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lauren A Hudak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nina Gentile
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna Marie Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David A Peak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jose L Pascual
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark J Seamon
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paulina Sergot
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W Frank Peacock
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Diercks
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Leon D Sanchez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Niels Rathlev
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Robert Domeier
- Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Joseph Mercy Ann Arbor Hospital, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - John Patrick Haran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Claire Pearson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Vishnu P Murty
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Paul Dagum
- Mindstrong Health, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Jukka-Pekka Onnela
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven E Bruce
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bradley N Gaynes
- Department of Psychiatry, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jutta Joormann
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark W Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Scott L Rauch
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven E Harte
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Larry J Young
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Sanne J H van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Thaddeus W W Pace
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Elisabeth Binder
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John F Sheridan
- College of Dentistry, Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James M Elliott
- Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Archana Basu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Alan M Zaslavsky
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronald Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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46
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Cieslak M, Cook PA, He X, Yeh FC, Dhollander T, Adebimpe A, Aguirre GK, Bassett DS, Betzel RF, Bourque J, Cabral LM, Davatzikos C, Detre JA, Earl E, Elliott MA, Fadnavis S, Fair DA, Foran W, Fotiadis P, Garyfallidis E, Giesbrecht B, Gur RC, Gur RE, Kelz MB, Keshavan A, Larsen BS, Luna B, Mackey AP, Milham MP, Oathes DJ, Perrone A, Pines AR, Roalf DR, Richie-Halford A, Rokem A, Sydnor VJ, Tapera TM, Tooley UA, Vettel JM, Yeatman JD, Grafton ST, Satterthwaite TD. QSIPrep: an integrative platform for preprocessing and reconstructing diffusion MRI data. Nat Methods 2021; 18:775-778. [PMID: 34155395 PMCID: PMC8596781 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is the primary method for noninvasively studying the organization of white matter in the human brain. Here we introduce QSIPrep, an integrative software platform for the processing of diffusion images that is compatible with nearly all dMRI sampling schemes. Drawing on a diverse set of software suites to capitalize on their complementary strengths, QSIPrep facilitates the implementation of best practices for processing of diffusion images.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaosong He
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Thijs Dhollander
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John A Detre
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric Earl
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | | | | - Will Foran
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ruben C Gur
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Max B Kelz
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anders Perrone
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Adam R Pines
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Scott T Grafton
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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47
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Parr AC, Calabro F, Larsen B, Tervo-Clemmens B, Elliot S, Foran W, Olafsson V, Luna B. Dopamine-related striatal neurophysiology is associated with specialization of frontostriatal reward circuitry through adolescence. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 201:101997. [PMID: 33667595 PMCID: PMC8096717 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.101997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing developmental changes in frontostriatal circuitry is critical to understanding adolescent development and can clarify neurobiological mechanisms underlying increased reward sensitivity and risk-taking and the emergence of psychopathology during this period. However, the role of striatal neurobiology in the development of frontostriatal circuitry through human adolescence remains largely unknown. We examined background connectivity during a reward-guided decision-making task ("reward-state"), in addition to resting-state, and assessed the association between age-related changes in frontostriatal connectivity and age-related changes in reward learning and risk-taking through adolescence. Further, we examined the contribution of dopaminergic processes to changes in frontostriatal circuitry and decision-making using MR-based assessments of striatal tissue-iron as a correlate of dopamine-related neurobiology. Connectivity between the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and ventral anterior cingulate, subgenual cingulate, and orbitofrontal cortices decreased through adolescence into adulthood, and decreases in reward-state connectivity were associated with improvements reward-guided decision-making as well as with decreases in risk-taking. Finally, NAcc tissue-iron mediated age-related changes and was associated with variability in connectivity, and developmental increases in NAcc R2' corresponded with developmental decreases in connectivity. Our results provide evidence that dopamine-related striatal properties contribute to the specialization of frontostriatal circuitry, potentially underlying changes in risk-taking and reward sensitivity into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley C. Parr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 14213, United States
| | - Finnegan Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 14213, United States
| | - Bart Larsen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 14213, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Brenden Tervo-Clemmens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 14213, United States
| | - Samuel Elliot
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 14213, United States
| | - Will Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 14213, United States
| | - Valur Olafsson
- NUBIC, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 14213, United States
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48
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Li Y, Thompson WK, Reuter C, Nillo R, Jernigan T, Dale A, Sugrue LP, Brown J, Dougherty RF, Rauschecker A, Rudie J, Barch DM, Calhoun V, Hagler D, Hatton S, Tanabe J, Marshall A, Sher KJ, Heeringa S, Hermosillo R, Banich MT, Squeglia L, Bjork J, Zucker R, Neale M, Herting M, Sheth C, Huber R, Reeves G, Hettema JM, Howlett KD, Cloak C, Baskin-Sommers A, Rapuano K, Gonzalez R, Karcher N, Laird A, Baker F, James R, Sowell E, Dick A, Hawes S, Sutherland M, Bagot K, Bodurka J, Breslin F, Morris A, Paulus M, Gray K, Hoffman E, Weiss S, Rajapakse N, Glantz M, Nagel B, Ewing SF, Goldstone A, Pfefferbaum A, Prouty D, Rosenberg M, Bookheimer S, Tapert S, Infante M, Jacobus J, Giedd J, Shilling P, Wade N, Uban K, Haist F, Heyser C, Palmer C, Kuperman J, Hewitt J, Cottler L, Isaiah A, Chang L, Edwards S, Ernst T, Heitzeg M, Puttler L, Sripada C, Iacono W, Luciana M, Clark D, Luna B, Schirda C, Foxe J, Freedman E, Mason M, McGlade E, Renshaw P, Yurgelun-Todd D, Albaugh M, Allgaier N, Chaarani B, Potter A, Ivanova M, Lisdahl K, Do E, Maes H, Bogdan R, Anokhin A, Dosenbach N, Glaser P, Heath A, Casey BJ, Gee D, Garavan HP, Dowling G, Brown S. Rates of Incidental Findings in Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Children. JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:578-587. [PMID: 33749724 PMCID: PMC7985817 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Importance Incidental findings (IFs) are unexpected abnormalities discovered during imaging and can range from normal anatomic variants to findings requiring urgent medical intervention. In the case of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), reliable data about the prevalence and significance of IFs in the general population are limited, making it difficult to anticipate, communicate, and manage these findings. Objectives To determine the overall prevalence of IFs in brain MRI in the nonclinical pediatric population as well as the rates of specific findings and findings for which clinical referral is recommended. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study was based on the April 2019 release of baseline data from 11 810 children aged 9 to 10 years who were enrolled and completed baseline neuroimaging in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, the largest US population-based longitudinal observational study of brain development and child health, between September 1, 2016, and November 15, 2018. Participants were enrolled at 21 sites across the US designed to mirror the demographic characteristics of the US population. Baseline structural MRIs were centrally reviewed for IFs by board-certified neuroradiologists and findings were described and categorized (category 1, no abnormal findings; 2, no referral recommended; 3; consider referral; and 4, consider immediate referral). Children were enrolled through a broad school-based recruitment process in which all children of eligible age at selected schools were invited to participate. Exclusion criteria were severe sensory, intellectual, medical, or neurologic disorders that would preclude or interfere with study participation. During the enrollment process, demographic data were monitored to ensure that the study met targets for sex, socioeconomic, ethnic, and racial diversity. Data were analyzed from March 15, 2018, to November 20, 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures Percentage of children with IFs in each category and prevalence of specific IFs. Results A total of 11 679 children (52.1% boys, mean [SD] age, 9.9 [0.62] years) had interpretable baseline structural MRI results. Of these, 2464 participants (21.1%) had IFs, including 2013 children (17.2%) assigned to category 2, 431 (3.7%) assigned to category 3, and 20 (0.2%) assigned to category 4. Overall rates of IFs did not differ significantly between singleton and twin gestations or between monozygotic and dizygotic twins, but heritability analysis showed heritability for the presence or absence of IFs (h2 = 0.260; 95% CI, 0.135-0.387). Conclusions and Relevance Incidental findings in brain MRI and findings with potential clinical significance are both common in the general pediatric population. By assessing IFs and concurrent developmental and health measures and following these findings over the longitudinal study course, the ABCD study has the potential to determine the significance of many common IFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Wesley K. Thompson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Chase Reuter
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Ryan Nillo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Terry Jernigan
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Anders Dale
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Leo P. Sugrue
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Julian Brown
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Robert F Dougherty
- Center for Cognitive and Neurobiological Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Andreas Rauschecker
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Jeffrey Rudie
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Psychiatry, Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Vince Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Tech, Emory University, Atlanta
| | - Donald Hagler
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Sean Hatton
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Jody Tanabe
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora
| | - Andrew Marshall
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles/University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Kenneth J Sher
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Steven Heeringa
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Robert Hermosillo
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland
| | - Marie T Banich
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder
| | - Lindsay Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - James Bjork
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Robert Zucker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Michael Neale
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Megan Herting
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Chandni Sheth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Rebeka Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Gloria Reeves
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - John M Hettema
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan
| | - Katia Delrahim Howlett
- Division of Extramural Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christine Cloak
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | | | - Kristina Rapuano
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Raul Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami
| | - Nicole Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Angela Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami
| | | | - Regina James
- Department of Clinical Research, 2M Research Services, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Elizabeth Sowell
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles/University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Anthony Dick
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami
| | - Samuel Hawes
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami
| | | | - Kara Bagot
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jerzy Bodurka
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | | | - Amanda Morris
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Martin Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Kevin Gray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Elizabeth Hoffman
- Division of Extramural Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Susan Weiss
- Division of Extramural Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nishadi Rajapakse
- Department of Scientific Programs, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Meyer Glantz
- Department of Psychology, National Institute on Drug Abuse/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bonnie Nagel
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
| | | | | | | | | | - Monica Rosenberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Susan Bookheimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Susan Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Maria Infante
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Joanna Jacobus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Jay Giedd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Paul Shilling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Natasha Wade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Kristina Uban
- Department of Public Health, University of California, Irvine
| | - Frank Haist
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Charles Heyser
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Clare Palmer
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Joshua Kuperman
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - John Hewitt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder
| | - Linda Cottler
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Amal Isaiah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery and Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Linda Chang
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Sarah Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Department of Radiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Mary Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Leon Puttler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | | | - William Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Monica Luciana
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Duncan Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Claudiu Schirda
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John Foxe
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Edward Freedman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Michael Mason
- Center for Behavioral Health Research, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
| | - Erin McGlade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Perry Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | | | | | | | - Bader Chaarani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | | | - Masha Ivanova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Krista Lisdahl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Elizabeth Do
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Hermine Maes
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrey Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Nico Dosenbach
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Paul Glaser
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrew Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Betty J Casey
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Dylan Gee
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hugh P Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Gaya Dowling
- Division of Extramural Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sandra Brown
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
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Zhao Q, Sullivan EV, Műller‐Oehring EM, Honnorat N, Adeli E, Podhajsky S, Baker FC, Colrain IM, Prouty D, Tapert SF, Brown SA, Meloy MJ, Brumback T, Nagel BJ, Morales AM, Clark DB, Luna B, De Bellis MD, Voyvodic JT, Nooner KB, Pfefferbaum A, Pohl KM. Adolescent alcohol use disrupts functional neurodevelopment in sensation seeking girls. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12914. [PMID: 32428984 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous causes, such as alcohol use, and endogenous factors, such as temperament and sex, can modulate developmental trajectories of adolescent neurofunctional maturation. We examined how these factors affect sexual dimorphism in brain functional networks in youth drinking below diagnostic threshold for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Based on the 3-year, annually acquired, longitudinal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of 526 adolescents (12-21 years at baseline) from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) cohort, developmental trajectories of 23 intrinsic functional networks (IFNs) were analyzed for (1) sexual dimorphism in 259 participants who were no-to-low drinkers throughout this period; (2) sex-alcohol interactions in two age- and sex-matched NCANDA subgroups (N = 76 each), half no-to-low, and half moderate-to-heavy drinkers; and (3) moderating effects of gender-specific alcohol dose effects and a multifactorial impulsivity measure on IFN connectivity in all NCANDA participants. Results showed that sex differences in no-to-low drinkers diminished with age in the inferior-occipital network, yet girls had weaker within-network connectivity than boys in six other networks. Effects of adolescent alcohol use were more pronounced in girls than boys in three IFNs. In particular, girls showed greater within-network connectivity in two motor networks with more alcohol consumption, and these effects were mediated by sensation-seeking only in girls. Our results implied that drinking might attenuate the naturally diminishing sexual differences by disrupting the maturation of network efficiency more severely in girls. The sex-alcohol-dose effect might explain why women are at higher risk of alcohol-related health and psychosocial consequences than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | - Edith V. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | - Eva M. Műller‐Oehring
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
- Center for Health Sciences SRI International Menlo Park CA USA
| | | | - Ehsan Adeli
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | - Simon Podhajsky
- Center for Health Sciences SRI International Menlo Park CA USA
| | - Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences SRI International Menlo Park CA USA
| | - Ian M. Colrain
- Center for Health Sciences SRI International Menlo Park CA USA
| | - Devin Prouty
- Center for Health Sciences SRI International Menlo Park CA USA
| | - Susan F. Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego CA USA
| | - Sandra A. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego CA USA
- Department of Psychology University of California San Diego CA USA
| | - Mary J. Meloy
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego CA USA
| | - Ty Brumback
- Department of Psychological Science Northern Kentucky University Highland Heights KY USA
| | - Bonnie J. Nagel
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience Oregon Health & Sciences University Portland OR USA
| | - Angelica M. Morales
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience Oregon Health & Sciences University Portland OR USA
| | - Duncan B. Clark
- Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Michael D. De Bellis
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
| | - James T. Voyvodic
- Department of Radiology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
| | - Kate B. Nooner
- Department of Psychology University of North Carolina Wilmington Wilmington NC USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
- Center for Health Sciences SRI International Menlo Park CA USA
| | - Kilian M. Pohl
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
- Center for Health Sciences SRI International Menlo Park CA USA
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50
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Herting MM, Uban KA, Gonzalez MR, Baker FC, Kan EC, Thompson WK, Granger DA, Albaugh MD, Anokhin AP, Bagot KS, Banich MT, Barch DM, Baskin-Sommers A, Breslin FJ, Casey BJ, Chaarani B, Chang L, Clark DB, Cloak CC, Constable RT, Cottler LB, Dagher RK, Dapretto M, Dick AS, Dosenbach N, Dowling GJ, Dumas JA, Edwards S, Ernst T, Fair DA, Feldstein-Ewing SW, Freedman EG, Fuemmeler BF, Garavan H, Gee DG, Giedd JN, Glaser PEA, Goldstone A, Gray KM, Hawes SW, Heath AC, Heitzeg MM, Hewitt JK, Heyser CJ, Hoffman EA, Huber RS, Huestis MA, Hyde LW, Infante MA, Ivanova MY, Jacobus J, Jernigan TL, Karcher NR, Laird AR, LeBlanc KH, Lisdahl K, Luciana M, Luna B, Maes HH, Marshall AT, Mason MJ, McGlade EC, Morris AS, Nagel BJ, Neigh GN, Palmer CE, Paulus MP, Potter AS, Puttler LI, Rajapakse N, Rapuano K, Reeves G, Renshaw PF, Schirda C, Sher KJ, Sheth C, Shilling PD, Squeglia LM, Sutherland MT, Tapert SF, Tomko RL, Yurgelun-Todd D, Wade NE, Weiss SRB, Zucker RA, Sowell ER. Correspondence Between Perceived Pubertal Development and Hormone Levels in 9-10 Year-Olds From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 11:549928. [PMID: 33679599 PMCID: PMC7930488 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.549928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To examine individual variability between perceived physical features and hormones of pubertal maturation in 9-10-year-old children as a function of sociodemographic characteristics. Methods Cross-sectional metrics of puberty were utilized from the baseline assessment of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study-a multi-site sample of 9-10 year-olds (n = 11,875)-and included perceived physical features via the pubertal development scale (PDS) and child salivary hormone levels (dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone in all, and estradiol in females). Multi-level models examined the relationships among sociodemographic measures, physical features, and hormone levels. A group factor analysis (GFA) was implemented to extract latent variables of pubertal maturation that integrated both measures of perceived physical features and hormone levels. Results PDS summary scores indicated more males (70%) than females (31%) were prepubertal. Perceived physical features and hormone levels were significantly associated with child's weight status and income, such that more mature scores were observed among children that were overweight/obese or from households with low-income. Results from the GFA identified two latent factors that described individual differences in pubertal maturation among both females and males, with factor 1 driven by higher hormone levels, and factor 2 driven by perceived physical maturation. The correspondence between latent factor 1 scores (hormones) and latent factor 2 scores (perceived physical maturation) revealed synchronous and asynchronous relationships between hormones and concomitant physical features in this large young adolescent sample. Conclusions Sociodemographic measures were associated with both objective hormone and self-report physical measures of pubertal maturation in a large, diverse sample of 9-10 year-olds. The latent variables of pubertal maturation described a complex interplay between perceived physical changes and hormone levels that hallmark sexual maturation, which future studies can examine in relation to trajectories of brain maturation, risk/resilience to substance use, and other mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Herting
- Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kristina A. Uban
- Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Marybel Robledo Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Research on Children, Youth, and Families, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Eric C. Kan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Research on Children, Youth, and Families, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wesley K. Thompson
- Division of Biostatistics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Douglas A. Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, CA, United States
| | - Matthew D. Albaugh
- Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrey P. Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kara S. Bagot
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marie T. Banich
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | | | - B. J. Casey
- Department of Psychology, University of Yale, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Bader Chaarani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Linda Chang
- Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Duncan B. Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Christine C. Cloak
- Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - R. Todd Constable
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of Yale, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Linda B. Cottler
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rada K. Dagher
- Division of Scientific Programs, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mirella Dapretto
- Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anthony S. Dick
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Nico Dosenbach
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Gayathri J. Dowling
- Division of Extramural Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Julie A. Dumas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Sarah Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Damien A. Fair
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - Edward G. Freedman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Bernard F. Fuemmeler
- Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmon, VA, United States
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Dylan G. Gee
- Department of Psychology, University of Yale, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jay N. Giedd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Paul E. A. Glaser
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Aimee Goldstone
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Kevin M. Gray
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Samuel W. Hawes
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Mary M. Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - John K. Hewitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Charles J. Heyser
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Hoffman
- Division of Extramural Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rebekah S. Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Marilyn A. Huestis
- Medical Cannabis & Science Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Luke W. Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - M. Alejandra Infante
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Masha Y. Ivanova
- Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joanna Jacobus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Terry L. Jernigan
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Nicole R. Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Angela R. Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Kimberly H. LeBlanc
- Division of Extramural Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Krista Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Monica Luciana
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hermine H. Maes
- Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VT, United States
| | - Andrew T. Marshall
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael J. Mason
- Center for Behavioral Health Research, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Erin C. McGlade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Amanda S. Morris
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
- Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Bonnie J. Nagel
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Gretchen N. Neigh
- Anatomy & Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VT, United States
| | - Clare E. Palmer
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Alexandra S. Potter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Leon I. Puttler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nishadi Rajapakse
- Division of Scientific Programs, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kristina Rapuano
- Department of Psychology, University of Yale, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gloria Reeves
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Perry F. Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Claudiu Schirda
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Sher
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Chandni Sheth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Paul D. Shilling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lindsay M. Squeglia
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Matthew T. Sutherland
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Susan F. Tapert
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rachel L. Tomko
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Deborah Yurgelun-Todd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Natasha E. Wade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Susan R. B. Weiss
- Division of Extramural Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Robert A. Zucker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Sowell
- Research on Children, Youth, and Families, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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