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Sendi M, Fu Z, Harnett N, van Rooij S, Vergara V, Pizzagalli D, Daskalakis N, House S, Beaudoin F, An X, Neylan T, Clifford G, Jovanovic T, Linnstaedt S, Germine L, Bollen K, Rauch S, Haran J, Storrow A, Lewandowski C, Musey P, Hendry P, Sheikh S, Jones C, Punches B, Swor R, Gentile N, Murty V, Hudak L, Pascual J, Seamon M, Harris E, Chang A, Pearson C, Peak D, Merchant R, Domeier R, Rathlev N, O'Neil B, Sergot P, Sanchez L, Bruce S, Sheridan J, Harte S, Kessler R, Koenen K, McLean S, Stevens J, Calhoun V, Ressler K. Brain dynamics reflecting an intra-network brain state is associated with increased posttraumatic stress symptoms in the early aftermath of trauma. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-4004473. [PMID: 38496567 PMCID: PMC10942549 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4004473/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the association between brain dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) and current/future posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptom severity, and the impact of sex on this relationship. By analyzing 275 participants' dFNC data obtained ~2 weeks after trauma exposure, we noted that brain dynamics of an inter-network brain state link negatively with current (r=-0.179, pcorrected= 0.021) and future (r=-0.166, pcorrected= 0.029) PTS symptom severity. Also, dynamics of an intra-network brain state correlated with future symptom intensity (r = 0.192, pcorrected = 0.021). We additionally observed that the association between the network dynamics of the inter-network brain state with symptom severity is more pronounced in females (r=-0.244, pcorrected = 0.014). Our findings highlight a potential link between brain network dynamics in the aftermath of trauma with current and future PTSD outcomes, with a stronger protective effect of inter-network brain states against symptom severity in females, underscoring the importance of sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zening Fu
- d Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesca Beaudoin
- The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital
| | - Xinming An
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Thomas Neylan
- San Francisco VA Healthcare System; University of California San Francisco
| | - Gari Clifford
- Emory University School of Medicine; Georgia Institute of Technology
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John Haran
- University of Massachusetts Medical School
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brittany Punches
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine & University of Cincinnati College of Nursing
| | | | | | | | | | - Jose Pascual
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paulina Sergot
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vince Calhoun
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University and Georgia State University
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Frutos AM, Price AM, Harker E, Reeves EL, Ahmad HM, Murugan V, Martin ET, House S, Saade EA, Zimmerman RK, Gaglani M, Wernli KJ, Walter EB, Michaels MG, Staat MA, Weinberg GA, Selvarangan R, Boom JA, Klein EJ, Halasa NB, Ginde AA, Gibbs KW, Zhu Y, Self WH, Tartof SY, Klein NP, Dascomb K, DeSilva MB, Weber ZA, Yang DH, Ball SW, Surie D, DeCuir J, Dawood FS, Moline HL, Toepfer AP, Clopper BR, Link-Gelles R, Payne AB, Chung JR, Flannery B, Lewis NM, Olson SM, Adams K, Tenforde MW, Garg S, Grohskopf LA, Reed C, Ellington S. Interim Estimates of 2023-24 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness - United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2024; 73:168-174. [PMID: 38421935 PMCID: PMC10907036 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7308a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In the United States, annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months. Using data from four vaccine effectiveness (VE) networks during the 2023-24 influenza season, interim influenza VE was estimated among patients aged ≥6 months with acute respiratory illness-associated medical encounters using a test-negative case-control study design. Among children and adolescents aged 6 months-17 years, VE against influenza-associated outpatient visits ranged from 59% to 67% and against influenza-associated hospitalization ranged from 52% to 61%. Among adults aged ≥18 years, VE against influenza-associated outpatient visits ranged from 33% to 49% and against hospitalization from 41% to 44%. VE against influenza A ranged from 46% to 59% for children and adolescents and from 27% to 46% for adults across settings. VE against influenza B ranged from 64% to 89% for pediatric patients in outpatient settings and from 60% to 78% for all adults across settings. These findings demonstrate that the 2023-24 seasonal influenza vaccine is effective at reducing the risk for medically attended influenza virus infection. CDC recommends that all persons aged ≥6 months who have not yet been vaccinated this season get vaccinated while influenza circulates locally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - CDC Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Collaborators
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC; Epidemic Intelligence Service, CDC; Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona; University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas; Baylor College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri; Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas; Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Kaiser Permanente Department of Research & Evaluation, Pasadena, California; Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California; Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, Utah; HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Westat, Rockville, Maryland; Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
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House S, Snaith B, Sevens T. Expectations of radiographer reporting roles: A multimethod evaluation across a single imaging network. Radiography (Lond) 2023; 29:1070-1076. [PMID: 37751640 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prior studies have demonstrated inconsistent development and utilisation of radiographers in the reporting of radiographs, and there is ongoing consideration of the level at which such radiographers should be educated to and operating at. This study aimed to explore and evaluate expectation and utilisation of radiographers currently, or training in, reporting in projection radiography across one integrated care system (ICS). METHODS A multi-method approach was utilised, with document analysis of projection radiography reporting role job descriptions and person specifications and an online survey of managers and clinical leads. A single ICS in the north of England formed the setting for the study. RESULTS This study demonstrated variation in implementation and utilisation of the role across trusts within the ICS. Inconsistencies in scope, expected underpinning education and role activity were identified. Radiographers autonomously reporting in projection radiography were titled advanced practitioners, however are not expected to achieve national educational standards for such roles and are not empowered to work at this level of practice by their employers. It was acknowledged that staffing pressures hinder appropriate role utilisation and reporting capacity. CONCLUSION Inconsistent development and utilisation of radiographers in such roles may hamper collaboration and service delivery across a network. Identifying variation and working towards role standardisation could promote cross-organisational working and improve career progression opportunities. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Scoping the reporting radiographer workforce may assist and guide future imaging service and workforce planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- S House
- The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
| | - B Snaith
- University of Bradford, UK; Mid Yorkshire Teaching NHS Trust, UK
| | - T Sevens
- South Yorkshire and Bassetlaw Integrated Care System, UK
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Shihabuddin BS, Faron ML, Relich RF, Van Heukelom P, Mayne D, Staat MA, Selvarangan R, Hueschen LA, Wolk DM, House S, Harnett G, McGann K, Steele MT, Romero JR, Arms J, Lander O, Loeffelholz M, Strouts F, Cohen D. Cepheid Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV evaluation performed by minimally trained non-laboratory operators in a CLIA-waived environment. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 104:115764. [PMID: 35917666 PMCID: PMC9271353 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the significance of readily available and easily performed viral testing for surveillance during future infectious pandemics. The objectives of this study were: to assess the performance of the Xpert Xpress Flu and/or RSV test, a multiplex PCR assay for detecting influenza A and B virus and respiratory syncytial virus nucleic acids in respiratory tract specimens, relative to the Quidel Lyra Influenza A+B assay and the Prodesse ProFlu+ assay, and the system's ease of use by minimally trained operators. Overall, the Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV test demonstrated a high positive and negative percent agreement with the comparator assays, and was easy to use and interpret results, based on the operators’ feedback. We concluded that the Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV test is sensitive, specific, and easy to use for the diagnosis of influenza and RSV by minimally trained operators and can be a valuable tool in future infectious clusters or pandemics.
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Miller J, House S, Michelson E, Clark C, O'Neil B. 20 Outcome Study of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Integrating a Brain Electrical Activity-Based Decision Rule. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hartnett J, Donga P, Ispas G, Vandendijck Y, Anderson D, House S, Suner S. Risk factors and medical resource utilization in US adults hospitalized with influenza or respiratory syncytial virus in the Hospitalized Acute Respiratory Tract Infection study. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2022; 16:906-915. [PMID: 35474419 PMCID: PMC9343339 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in the United States. We assessed risk factors for severe disease and medical resource utilization (MRU) among US adults hospitalized with influenza or RSV in the Hospitalized Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (HARTI) study. Methods HARTI was a prospective global (40 centers, 12 countries) epidemiological study of adults hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infections conducted across the 2017–2019 epidemic seasons. Patients with confirmed influenza or RSV were followed up to 3 months post‐discharge. Baseline characteristics, prevalence of core risk factors (CRFs) for severe disease (age ≥65 years, chronic heart or renal disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or asthma), and MRU were summarized descriptively. Results The US cohort included 280 influenza‐positive and 120 RSV‐positive patients. RSV patients were older (mean: 63.1 vs. 59.7 years) and a higher proportion had CRFs (87.5% vs. 81.4%). Among those with CRFs (influenza, n = 153; RSV, n = 99), RSV patients required longer hospitalizations (median length of stay: 4.5 days) and a greater proportion (79.8%) required oxygen supplementation during hospitalization compared with influenza patients (4.0 days and 59.5%, respectively). At 3 months post‐discharge, a greater proportion of RSV patients with CRFs reported use of antibiotics, antitussives, bronchodilators, and inhaled and systemic steroids versus those with influenza and CRFs. Many patients with CRFs reported hospital readmission at 3 months post‐discharge (RSV: 13.4%; influenza: 11.9%). Conclusions MRU during and post‐hospitalization due to RSV in adults is similar to or greater than that of influenza. Enhanced RSV surveillance and preventive and therapeutic interventions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prina Donga
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - David Anderson
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Stacey House
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Selim Suner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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7
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Falsey AR, Walsh EE, House S, Vandenijck Y, Ren X, Keim S, Kang D, Peeters P, Witek J, Ispas G. Risk Factors and Medical Resource Utilization of Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human Metapneumovirus and Influenza Related Hospitalizations in Adults – A Global Study During the 2017-2019 Epidemic Seasons (Hospitalized Acute Respiratory Tract Infection [HARTI] Study). Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab491. [PMID: 35559130 PMCID: PMC9088513 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and influenza are respiratory pathogens leading to hospitalization in adults. Our understanding of the disease burden is limited to data from single-center or 1-season studies in elderly patients. The HARTI study allows comparison of risk factors for progression to severe disease and medical resources utilization (MRU) during and post-hospitalization in adults diagnosed with influenza, RSV, or hMPV. Methods This was a prospective global study in adults hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infection (40 centers, 12 countries). Participants with influenza, RSV, or hMPV were enrolled in a substudy and followed for up to 3 months postdischarge. Results Overall, 366 influenza, 238 RSV, and 100 hMPV-infected participants enrolled in the substudy. RSV participants were older and had greater frequency of risk factors and longer duration of symptoms before hospitalization than influenza participants. The RSV and hMPV groups received more bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and oxygen supplementation. No significant differences in intensive care unit admissions or complications were observed. Readmission occurred in 20%–33% of patients within 3 months postdischarge, with the highest rates for RSV and hMPV. In-hospital death occurred in 2.5% of RSV, 1.6% of influenza, and 2% of hMPV participants. In multivariate analyses, length of stay was independently associated with country, renal disease, and increased age; probability of receiving supplemental oxygen was associated with pathogen (hMPV > RSV > influenza), abnormal chest x-ray, and increased age. Conclusions Although influenza is more frequent, the HARTI study demonstrates greater frequency of underlying risk factors and MRU for RSV and hMPV vs influenza in hospitalized adults, indicating a need for effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann R Falsey
- University Of Rochester School Of Medicine and Rochester Regional Health, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Edward E Walsh
- University Of Rochester School Of Medicine and Rochester Regional Health, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Stacey House
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Xiaohui Ren
- Janssen Infectious Diseases, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sofia Keim
- Janssen Infectious Diseases, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Diye Kang
- Janssen Infectious Diseases, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - James Witek
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, United States
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AURORA Study Group, Beaudoin F, An X, Li Q, House S, Musey P, Hendry P, Jones C, Lewandowski C, Storrow A, McLean S. 207 Associations Between Alcohol Use and Adverse Posttraumatic Neuropsychiatric Sequelae in the Early Aftermath of Trauma. Ann Emerg Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.09.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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McLean SA, Ressler K, Koenen KC, Neylan T, Germine L, Jovanovic T, Clifford GD, Zeng D, An X, Linnstaedt S, Beaudoin F, House S, Bollen KA, Musey P, Hendry P, Jones CW, Lewandowski C, Swor R, Datner E, Mohiuddin K, Stevens JS, Storrow A, Kurz MC, McGrath ME, Fermann GJ, Hudak LA, Gentile N, Chang AM, Peak DA, Pascual JL, Seamon MJ, Sergot P, Peacock WF, Diercks D, Sanchez LD, Rathlev N, Domeier R, Haran JP, Pearson C, Murty VP, Insel TR, Dagum P, Onnela JP, Bruce SE, Gaynes BN, Joormann J, Miller MW, Pietrzak RH, Buysse DJ, Pizzagalli DA, Rauch SL, Harte SE, Young LJ, Barch DM, Lebois LAM, van Rooij SJH, Luna B, Smoller JW, Dougherty RF, Pace TWW, Binder E, Sheridan JF, Elliott JM, Basu A, Fromer M, Parlikar T, Zaslavsky AM, Kessler R. Correction: The AURORA Study: a longitudinal, multimodal library of brain biology and function after traumatic stress exposure. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3658. [PMID: 32989243 PMCID: PMC10853881 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A McLean
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Kerry Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Thomas Neylan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura Germine
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gari D Clifford
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donglin Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, UNC Gillings School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xinming An
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah Linnstaedt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Francesca Beaudoin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stacey House
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kenneth A Bollen
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paul Musey
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Phyllis Hendry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher W Jones
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, USA
| | | | - Robert Swor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Datner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kamran Mohiuddin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alan Storrow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Christopher Kurz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Meghan E McGrath
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory J Fermann
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lauren A Hudak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nina Gentile
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna Marie Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David A Peak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jose L Pascual
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark J Seamon
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paulina Sergot
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W Frank Peacock
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Diercks
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Leon D Sanchez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Niels Rathlev
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Robert Domeier
- Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Joseph Mercy Ann Arbor Hospital, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - John Patrick Haran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Claire Pearson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Vishnu P Murty
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Paul Dagum
- Mindstrong Health, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Jukka-Pekka Onnela
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven E Bruce
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bradley N Gaynes
- Department of Psychiatry, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jutta Joormann
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark W Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Scott L Rauch
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven E Harte
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Larry J Young
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Sanne J H van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Thaddeus W W Pace
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Elisabeth Binder
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John F Sheridan
- College of Dentistry, Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James M Elliott
- Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Archana Basu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Alan M Zaslavsky
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronald Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Schrading WA, Trent SA, Paxton JH, Rodriguez RM, Swanson MB, Mohr NM, Talan DA, Bahamon M, Carlson JN, Chisolm‐Straker M, Driver B, Faine B, Galbraith J, Giordano PA, Haran JP, Higgins A, Hinson J, House S, Idris AH, Kean E, Krebs E, Kurz MC, Lee L, Liang SY, Lim SC, Moran G, Nandi U, Pathmarajah K, Perez Y, Rothman R, Shuck J, Slev P, Smithline HA, Souffront K, Steele M, St. Romain M, Stubbs A, Tiao J, Torres JR, Uribe L, Venkat A, Volturo G, Wallace K, Weber KD. Vaccination rates and acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among U.S. emergency department health care personnel. Acad Emerg Med 2021; 28:455-458. [PMID: 33608937 PMCID: PMC8013804 DOI: 10.1111/acem.14236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter A. Schrading
- Department of Emergency Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA
| | - Stacy A. Trent
- Department of Emergency Medicine Denver Health Medical Center Denver Colorado USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA
| | - James H. Paxton
- Department of Emergency Medicine Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA
| | - Robert M. Rodriguez
- Department of Emergency Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Morgan B. Swanson
- Department of Emergency Medicine University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Nicholas M. Mohr
- Department of Emergency Medicine University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - David A. Talan
- Department of Emergency Medicine University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City Iowa USA
- Olive View–UCLA Education and Research Institute Los Angeles California USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine University of California‐Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
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Kline JA, Camargo CA, Courtney DM, Kabrhel C, Nordenholz KE, Aufderheide T, Baugh JJ, Beiser DG, Bennett CL, Bledsoe J, Castillo E, Chisolm-Straker M, Goldberg EM, House H, House S, Jang T, Lim SC, Madsen TE, McCarthy DM, Meltzer A, Moore S, Newgard C, Pagenhardt J, Pettit KL, Pulia MS, Puskarich MA, Southerland LT, Sparks S, Turner-Lawrence D, Vrablik M, Wang A, Weekes AJ, Westafer L, Wilburn J. Clinical prediction rule for SARS-CoV-2 infection from 116 U.S. emergency departments 2-22-2021. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248438. [PMID: 33690722 PMCID: PMC7946184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Accurate and reliable criteria to rapidly estimate the probability of infection with the novel coronavirus-2 that causes the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) and associated disease (COVID-19) remain an urgent unmet need, especially in emergency care. The objective was to derive and validate a clinical prediction score for SARS-CoV-2 infection that uses simple criteria widely available at the point of care. Methods Data came from the registry data from the national REgistry of suspected COVID-19 in EmeRgency care (RECOVER network) comprising 116 hospitals from 25 states in the US. Clinical variables and 30-day outcomes were abstracted from medical records of 19,850 emergency department (ED) patients tested for SARS-CoV-2. The criterion standard for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 required a positive molecular test from a swabbed sample or positive antibody testing within 30 days. The prediction score was derived from a 50% random sample (n = 9,925) using unadjusted analysis of 107 candidate variables as a screening step, followed by stepwise forward logistic regression on 72 variables. Results Multivariable regression yielded a 13-variable score, which was simplified to a 13-point score: +1 point each for age>50 years, measured temperature>37.5°C, oxygen saturation<95%, Black race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, household contact with known or suspected COVID-19, patient reported history of dry cough, anosmia/dysgeusia, myalgias or fever; and -1 point each for White race, no direct contact with infected person, or smoking. In the validation sample (n = 9,975), the probability from logistic regression score produced an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.79–0.81), and this level of accuracy was retained across patients enrolled from the early spring to summer of 2020. In the simplified score, a score of zero produced a sensitivity of 95.6% (94.8–96.3%), specificity of 20.0% (19.0–21.0%), negative likelihood ratio of 0.22 (0.19–0.26). Increasing points on the simplified score predicted higher probability of infection (e.g., >75% probability with +5 or more points). Conclusion Criteria that are available at the point of care can accurately predict the probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These criteria could assist with decisions about isolation and testing at high throughput checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Kline
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Carlos A. Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - D. Mark Courtney
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christopher Kabrhel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kristen E. Nordenholz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Thomas Aufderheide
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Joshua J. Baugh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David G. Beiser
- Section of Emergency Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Christopher L. Bennett
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph Bledsoe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Healthcare Delivery Institute, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Edward Castillo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Makini Chisolm-Straker
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Goldberg
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Hans House
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa School of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Stacey House
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louise, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Timothy Jang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. Lim
- University Medical Center New Orleans, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Troy E. Madsen
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Danielle M. McCarthy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Andrew Meltzer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington D.C., DC, United States of America
| | - Stephen Moore
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Craig Newgard
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Justine Pagenhardt
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Katherine L. Pettit
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Pulia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Puskarich
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center and the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Lauren T. Southerland
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Scott Sparks
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Riverside Regional Medical Center, Newport News, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Danielle Turner-Lawrence
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Marie Vrablik
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Alfred Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Anthony J. Weekes
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center at Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lauren Westafer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Baystate Health, Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John Wilburn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
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12
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DeKosky ST, Kochanek PM, Valadka AB, Clark RS, Chou SHY, Au AK, Horvat C, Jha RM, Mannix R, Wisniewski SR, Wintermark M, Rowell SE, Welch RD, Lewis L, House S, Tanzi RE, Smith DR, Vittor AY, Denslow ND, Davis MD, Glushakova OY, Hayes RL. Blood Biomarkers for Detection of Brain Injury in COVID-19 Patients. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:1-43. [PMID: 33115334 PMCID: PMC7757533 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus attacks multiple organs of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, including the brain. There are worldwide descriptions of neurological deficits in COVID-19 patients. Central nervous system (CNS) symptoms can be present early in the course of the disease. As many as 55% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients have been reported to have neurological disturbances three months after infection by SARS-CoV-2. The mutability of the SARS-COV-2 virus and its potential to directly affect the CNS highlight the urgency of developing technology to diagnose, manage, and treat brain injury in COVID-19 patients. The pathobiology of CNS infection by SARS-CoV-2 and the associated neurological sequelae of this infection remain poorly understood. In this review, we outline the rationale for the use of blood biomarkers (BBs) for diagnosis of brain injury in COVID-19 patients, the research needed to incorporate their use into clinical practice, and the improvements in patient management and outcomes that can result. BBs of brain injury could potentially provide tools for detection of brain injury in COVID-19 patients. Elevations of BBs have been reported in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood of COVID-19 patients. BB proteins have been analyzed in CSF to detect CNS involvement in patients with infectious diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculous meningitis. BBs are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for diagnosis of mild versus moderate traumatic brain injury and have identified brain injury after stroke, cardiac arrest, hypoxia, and epilepsy. BBs, integrated with other diagnostic tools, could enhance understanding of viral mechanisms of brain injury, predict severity of neurological deficits, guide triage of patients and assignment to appropriate medical pathways, and assess efficacy of therapeutic interventions in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven T. DeKosky
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Patrick M. Kochanek
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Pediatrics, Bioengineering, and Clinical and Translational Science, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alex B. Valadka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert S.B. Clark
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sherry H.-Y. Chou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alicia K. Au
- University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher Horvat
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ruchira M. Jha
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, Neurological Surgery, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rebekah Mannix
- Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Max Wintermark
- Department of Neuroradiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Susan E. Rowell
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert D. Welch
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit Receiving Hospital/University Health Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Lawrence Lewis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stacey House
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rudolph E. Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology (Research), Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Darci R. Smith
- Immunodiagnostics Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy Y. Vittor
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Medicine, University of Florida, Emerging Pathogens Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nancy D. Denslow
- Departments of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michael D. Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research/Pulmonology, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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13
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Miller J, House S, Lovato L, Meltzer A, Hahn B, Avarello J, Plasse T, Kalfus I, Fathi R, Silverman R. Absence of QT prolongation after administration of a 24-mg bimodal-release ondansetron pill (RHB-102). Am J Emerg Med 2020; 43:205-209. [PMID: 32139212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prospective data evaluating the effect of ondansetron on the corrected QT (QTc) interval is lacking in emergency department clinical use. As part of a randomized trial of a 24-mg bimodal-release ondansetron (RHB-102) pill, we tested the effect of RHB-102 compared to placebo on QTc change. METHODS This was a planned safety outcome analysis within a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The trial compared the effects of RHB-102 among patients ≥12 years who presented to 21 centers with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis. Patients with an initial baseline electrocardiogram as well as a follow-up electrocardiogram 4 h later were included in the analysis. The safety endpoint for this analysis was the change from baseline in QTc interval at 4 h, the median time at which ondansetron serum level peaks. RESULTS A total of 147 patients were included with a mean baseline QTc in the RHB-102 and placebo arms of 410 and 406 ms, respectively. There was no difference in the change in QTc at 4 h post-study drug administration between the RHB-102 (+4, 95% CI 1-8 ms) and placebo group (+5, 95% CI 1-9 ms). In the RHB-102 arm, 6.6% of patients had a QTc change >30 ms and in the placebo arm 3.6% (p = 0.48). No patient in either arm had a QTc change >60 ms after study drug administration. CONCLUSION In patients with normal baseline QTc, 24-mg bimodal-release ondansetron did not prolong the QTc in comparison to placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Miller
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital and Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.
| | - Stacey House
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Luis Lovato
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Andrew Meltzer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - Barry Hahn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Jahn Avarello
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, Queens, NY, United States.
| | - Terry Plasse
- RedHill Biopharma Ltd., 21 Ha'arba'a Street, Tel Aviv 64739, Israel.
| | - Ira Kalfus
- RedHill Biopharma Ltd., 21 Ha'arba'a Street, Tel Aviv 64739, Israel.
| | - Reza Fathi
- RedHill Biopharma Ltd., 21 Ha'arba'a Street, Tel Aviv 64739, Israel.
| | - Robert Silverman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, Queens, NY, United States.
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14
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McLean SA, Ressler K, Koenen KC, Neylan T, Germine L, Jovanovic T, Clifford GD, Zeng D, An X, Linnstaedt S, Beaudoin F, House S, Bollen KA, Musey P, Hendry P, Jones CW, Lewandowski C, Swor R, Datner E, Mohiuddin K, Stevens JS, Storrow A, Kurz MC, McGrath ME, Fermann GJ, Hudak LA, Gentile N, Chang AM, Peak DA, Pascual JL, Seamon MJ, Sergot P, Peacock WF, Diercks D, Sanchez LD, Rathlev N, Domeier R, Haran JP, Pearson C, Murty VP, Insel TR, Dagum P, Onnela JP, Bruce SE, Gaynes BN, Joormann J, Miller MW, Pietrzak RH, Buysse DJ, Pizzagalli DA, Rauch SL, Harte SE, Young LJ, Barch DM, Lebois LAM, van Rooij SJH, Luna B, Smoller JW, Dougherty RF, Pace TWW, Binder E, Sheridan JF, Elliott JM, Basu A, Fromer M, Parlikar T, Zaslavsky AM, Kessler R. The AURORA Study: a longitudinal, multimodal library of brain biology and function after traumatic stress exposure. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:283-296. [PMID: 31745239 PMCID: PMC6981025 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0581-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae (APNS) are common among civilian trauma survivors and military veterans. These APNS, as traditionally classified, include posttraumatic stress, postconcussion syndrome, depression, and regional or widespread pain. Traditional classifications have come to hamper scientific progress because they artificially fragment APNS into siloed, syndromic diagnoses unmoored to discrete components of brain functioning and studied in isolation. These limitations in classification and ontology slow the discovery of pathophysiologic mechanisms, biobehavioral markers, risk prediction tools, and preventive/treatment interventions. Progress in overcoming these limitations has been challenging because such progress would require studies that both evaluate a broad spectrum of posttraumatic sequelae (to overcome fragmentation) and also perform in-depth biobehavioral evaluation (to index sequelae to domains of brain function). This article summarizes the methods of the Advancing Understanding of RecOvery afteR traumA (AURORA) Study. AURORA conducts a large-scale (n = 5000 target sample) in-depth assessment of APNS development using a state-of-the-art battery of self-report, neurocognitive, physiologic, digital phenotyping, psychophysical, neuroimaging, and genomic assessments, beginning in the early aftermath of trauma and continuing for 1 year. The goals of AURORA are to achieve improved phenotypes, prediction tools, and understanding of molecular mechanisms to inform the future development and testing of preventive and treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A McLean
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Kerry Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Thomas Neylan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura Germine
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gari D Clifford
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donglin Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, UNC Gillings School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xinming An
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah Linnstaedt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Trauma Recovery, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Francesca Beaudoin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stacey House
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kenneth A Bollen
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paul Musey
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Phyllis Hendry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher W Jones
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, USA
| | | | - Robert Swor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Datner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kamran Mohiuddin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Health Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alan Storrow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Christopher Kurz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Meghan E McGrath
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory J Fermann
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lauren A Hudak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nina Gentile
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna Marie Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David A Peak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jose L Pascual
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark J Seamon
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paulina Sergot
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W Frank Peacock
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Diercks
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Leon D Sanchez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Niels Rathlev
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Robert Domeier
- Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Joseph Mercy Ann Arbor Hospital, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - John Patrick Haran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Claire Pearson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Vishnu P Murty
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Paul Dagum
- Mindstrong Health, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Jukka-Pekka Onnela
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven E Bruce
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bradley N Gaynes
- Department of Psychiatry, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jutta Joormann
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark W Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Scott L Rauch
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven E Harte
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Larry J Young
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Sanne J H van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Thaddeus W W Pace
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Elisabeth Binder
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John F Sheridan
- College of Dentistry, Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James M Elliott
- Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Archana Basu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Alan M Zaslavsky
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronald Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Herres J, Beaudoin F, Chang B, Datner E, Rabinowitz A, McGrath M, Peacock F, House S, Musey P, Hendry P, McLean S. 373 Determining Patterns of Postconcussive Symptoms in Adults Presenting to the Emergency Department After Motor Vehicle Collision Across Age Groups. Ann Emerg Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.08.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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House S, Beaudoin F, An X, Musey P, Hendry P, Jones C, Lewandowski C, Storrow A, McLean S. 342 Smartphone and Wrist-Wearable-Based Biomarkers of Pain Severity After Emergency Department Discharge: Preliminary Results From the AURORA Study. Ann Emerg Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.08.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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McLean S, An X, House S, Beaudoin F, Musey P, Hendry P, Jones C, Lewandowski C, Storrow A. 338 Improved Trauma Survivor Phenotypes Are Critical for Better Biomarkers, Prediction Tools, and Treatments: Initial Results From the AURORA study. Ann Emerg Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.08.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Gritzen C, Wilson T, Nawrocki J, Deneris M, Baird C, Ott E, Jones J, Bastar J, Kim H, House S, Cohen D, Leber A, Crisp R, Hemmert A. 2020. Concordance of Direct vs. Indirect Pathogen Detection Using the BioFire® System. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018. [PMCID: PMC6252416 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy210.1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a highly sensitive and specific method for pathogen detection. While direct methods enable rapid identification, they are limited by pathogen titer, available assays, or sample matrix. Transcriptomic analysis addresses these limitations by measuring systemic host gene expression changes to infections. The BioFire System uses sample-to-answer multiplex PCR that was adapted to detect 42 transcripts differentially expressed during viral and bacterial infections. Here we report concordance between indirect detection of viral respiratory pathogens and the FDA-cleared BioFire® Respiratory Panel 2 (RP2). Methods Paired nasal pharyngeal swabs and blood samples were obtained by informed consent from patients with suspected acute respiratory illness. Swabs (COPAN FLOQSwab™) were collected and stored in viral transport media (BD) for BioFire RP2 testing and peripheral blood samples were collected in PAXgene tubes (Qiagen) for testing with the research use only human response (HR) panel. A logistic regression model was developed to classify viral and nonviral positive samples using normalized quantification cycles for each assay. Probabilities of viral infection for each sample were calculated via cross-validation and an optimal threshold of positivity was identified. Results Overall accuracy of the HR panel relative to BioFire RP2 was 86% (CI95% 80%, 91%) for all viral infections with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87 (CI95% 0.76, 0.95). Accuracy varied by infection etiology: Influenza virus 100% (CI95% 88%, 100%) Human Rhinovirus/Enterovirus 63% (CI95% 35%, 85%), other viral infections 50% (CI95% 25%, 75%). While most of the BioFire RP2 negative results exhibited low viral probabilities, strong viral probabilities were measured in a few samples; this may be indicative of an infection at a low titer or the presence of a viral pathogen not on the BioFire RP2 Panel. Conclusion These results demonstrate that indirect transcriptomic analysis resulted in similar accuracy to direct viral pathogen detection in acute respiratory patients; however, additional research is needed to elucidate the relationship between transcriptional results and infectious etiologies. Disclosures C. Gritzen, BioFire Diagnostics, LLC.: Employee, Salary. T. Wilson, BioFire Diagnostics, LLC.: Employee, Salary. J. Nawrocki, BioFire Diagnostics, LLC.: Employee, Salary. M. Deneris, BioFire Diagnostics, LLC.: Employee, Salary. C. Baird, BioFire Diagnostics, LLC.: Employee, Salary. E. Ott, BioFire Diagnostics, LLC.: Employee, Salary. J. Jones, BioFire Diagnostics, LLC.: Employee, Salary. J. Bastar, BioFire Diagnostics, LLC.: Employee, Salary. H. Kim, BioFire Diagnostics, LLC.: Employee, Salary. S. House, Washington University School of Medicine: Research Contractor, Research support. D. Cohen, Nationwide Children’s Hospital: Research Contractor, Research support. A. Leber, Nationwide Children’s Hospital: Research Contractor, Research support. R. Crisp, BioFire Diagnostics, LLC.: Employee, Salary. A. Hemmert, BioFire Diagnostics, LLC.: Employee and Investigator, Salary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ted Wilson
- BioFire Diagnostics, LLC, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | | | | | | | - Jay Jones
- BioFire Diagnostics, LLC, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Hana Kim
- BioFire Diagnostics, LLC, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Stacey House
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Amy Leber
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
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House S, Weinheimer C, Kovacs A, Ornitz D. Abstract 101: Endothelial-Specific Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 and 2 Deletion Impairs Vascular Remodeling and Recovery in an In Vivo Closed-Chest Model of Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Circ Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/res.111.suppl_1.a101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is cardioprotective in various models of myocardial infarction. FGF receptors (FGFRs) are expressed in multiple cell types in the adult heart, but the cell type-specific FGFR signaling which mediates different cardioprotective endpoints is currently unknown.
Hypothesis:
We hypothesize that endothelial FGFR signaling is essential for vascular remodeling after cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury.
Methods:
We have generated mice with a conditional ablation of the
Fgfr1
and
Fgfr2
genes in endothelial cells (
Tie2-Cre, Fgfr1
f/f
, Fgfr2
f/f
). These mice and littermate controls were subjected to a clinically relevant,
in vivo
, closed-chest model of cardiac IR injury which includes 90 minutes of occlusion of the left anterior descending artery followed by reperfusion for 7 days. Echocardiography was performed at baseline, day 1, and day 7 of reperfusion, and histological staining was performed on day 7.
Results:
Tie2-Cre, Fgfr1
f/f
, Fgfr2
f/f
mice had no baseline abnormalities in cardiac morphometry or function. When subjected to closed-chest, regional cardiac IR injury,
Tie2-Cre, Fgfr1
f/f
, Fgfr2
f/f
mice showed significantly increased infarct size compared to controls at 7 days (37±3% vs. 15±5%, p<0.05) but not 1 day after reperfusion.
Tie2-Cre, Fgfr1
f/f
, Fgfr2
f/f
mice also showed significantly worsened cardiac function (ejection fraction, stroke volume, and fractional shortening) compared to controls at 7 days (p<0.05) but not 1 day after reperfusion. Myocyte cross-sectional area measurement showed no impairment in the cardiac hypertrophic response in the
Tie2-Cre, Fgfr1
f/f
, Fgfr2
f/f
mice.
Tie2-Cre, Fgfr1
f/f
, Fgfr2
f/f
mice have normal vessel density in the non-injured state, but after cardiac IR injury,
Tie2-Cre, Fgfr1
f/f
, Fgfr2
f/f
hearts showed significantly decreased vessel density (both capillaries and smooth muscle actin containing vessels, p<0.05) compared to controls in the peri-infarct area.
Conclusions:
Ablation of FGFR1 and FGFR2 in endothelial cells results in impaired vascular remodeling, worsened cardiac functional recovery, and increased infarct size without affecting the cardiac hypertrophic response in an
in vivo
, closed-chest model of cardiac IR injury.
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20
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Rigatto H, Wilson CG, Koshiya N, House S, Smith JC. Stationary organotypic culture of the pre-Bötzinger complex from the newborn rat. Adv Exp Med Biol 2002; 499:139-45. [PMID: 11729868 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1375-9_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Rigatto
- Laboratory of Neural Control, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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21
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House S. Stages in reproduction particularly vulnerable to xenobiotic hazards and nutritional deficits. Nutr Health 2001; 14:147-93. [PMID: 11028931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical research has identified many failures in reproductive processes with specific nutrient deficits, xenobiotics and some infectious illnesses. This has led to some effective safeguards. During meiosis and fertilization, as genetic material divides and rearranges, it is exposed and open to mutation. A nutritionally unfavourable environment is a major risk factor. At stages of rapid cell division, differentiation and organisation, as in the embryo and later in the fetal brain, the child's survival, completeness and future health and ability are at stake. From months before conception, reproduction needs preparing for, especially with today's environmental pollution, even entering the foodchain. Care from before conception can contribute not only to the child's healthy basis for life, full development of brain, eyesight and other complex attributes, but also to the health of at least the subsequent generation. Since the female baby's oocytes are being formed while she is still in the womb, the grandmother's nutritional status, around the time of conceiving a daughter, can permanently affect a grandchild. Recent insights into evolution, particularly of the brain, give us fresh indications of dietary needs to fulfil human potential for health and acuity. Despite the hazards, nature is remarkably successful. This paper is not designed to alarm but to help attainment of full genetic potential. With healthy parents serious malformations are a low percentage. The numbers of babies with avoidable disorders, however, calls urgently for action, especially in our own inner cities and in developing countries where there is inadequate nutrition. Action will more than justify itself, including financially. It will reward handsomely.
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22
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McKenzie PP, Foster JS, House S, Bukovsky A, Caudle MR, Wimalasena J. Expression of G1 cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase-2 activity during terminal differentiation of cultured human trophoblast. Biol Reprod 1998; 58:1283-9. [PMID: 9603265 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod58.5.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and their cyclin partners regulate mammalian cell proliferation and withdrawal from the cell cycle and, as such, control differentiation in many tissues. Studies were undertaken to examine the roles of cell cycle proteins in differentiating cytotrophoblasts. Cyclin E gene and protein expression was down-regulated after 24 h in cultured trophoblasts. Cdk2-associated kinase activity was decreased after 96 h in culture as was the amount of cyclin E in complexes with Cdk2; however, levels of the Cdk inhibitor, p27Kip1, were significantly increased. In freshly isolated trophoblasts and in 24-h cultures, the retinoblastoma gene product (pRb) was found in both the active and inactive forms, yet only hypophosphorylated, active pRb was present in syncytiotrophoblast. Thus, inactivation of Cdk2 through cyclin E down-regulation and increased p27Kip1 expression leads to an accumulation of active pRb in syncytiotrophoblast. Prevention of entry into S phase by hypophosphorylated pRb may allow trophoblasts to respond to signals that potentiate differentiation. Our studies suggest that regulation of G1-phase Cdk activity may be involved in the terminal differentiation process of cytotrophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P McKenzie
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville 37920, USA.
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23
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Schreiber JS, House S, Prohonic E, Smead G, Hudson C, Styk M, Lauber J. An investigation of indoor air contamination in residences above dry cleaners. Risk Anal 1993; 13:335-344. [PMID: 8341809 DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1993.tb01085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An investigation of residences located above dry cleaning facilities was conducted to determine whether indoor and outdoor air concentrations of the dry cleaning solvent tetrachloroethene (perchloroethylene, PCE) were elevated compared to residences not near a dry cleaning facility. Data were also collected on the dry cleaners' operating conditions and equipment. Significantly elevated levels of PCE were found in the indoor air of each of six apartments located above dry cleaners compared to control residences for both day and night samples. The PCE concentrations in outdoor air near the dry cleaners were also significantly elevated compared to control locations and were lower than the concentrations measured indoors. The type of dry cleaning machine was significantly associated with the concentration of PCE found in the apartment above. A strong correlation was also found between the day and night PCE levels in the study apartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Schreiber
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Toxic Substance Assessment, Albany 12203-3313
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24
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Abstract
Antisera against partially processed, unamidated forms of AVP and OT were raised and characterized by radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry. These antibodies, and antibodies that recognize fully processed, amidated forms of AVP and OT, were used together with various fractionation methods to study the content of prohormones, partially processed and fully processed forms of AVP and OT in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of adult and fetal (E21) rats. The levels of cleaved AVP and OT in the fetus were lower than those of the adult (1 to 3 orders of magnitude for brain and pituitary, respectively), and the detection of cleaved OT in brain and pituitary was delayed compared to that of AVP. Pro-AVP cleavage efficiency in the adult and the fetus was high (99 and 95% cleavage, respectively) resulting in formation of fully processed amidated forms of AVP, with no detectable partially processed peptides. Pro-OT processing in the adult was very similar (over 99% cleavage) resulting in formation of fully processed amidated OT. However, Pro-OT processing efficiency in the fetus was very low and incomplete, resulting in 40% unprocessed precursor and the accumulation of C-terminally extended unamidated intermediate forms (OT-Gly, OT-Gly-Lys, and OT-Gly-Lys-Arg).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alstein
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892
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25
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Cohen RS, Pant HC, House S, Gainer H. Biochemical and immunocytochemical characterization and distribution of phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated subunits of neurofilaments in squid giant axon and stellate ganglion. J Neurosci 1987; 7:2056-74. [PMID: 3112321 PMCID: PMC6568935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies to squid neurofilament (aNFP) and intermediate filament (aIFA) proteins were used as probes for the biochemical and immunocytochemical analyses of neurofilament structure and distribution in the squid giant axon and stellate ganglion. On Western blots the aNFP antibody stained exclusively the 220 kDa and high-molecular-weight (HMW) components of neurofilaments in the giant axon, whereas the aIFA antibody primarily labeled the 60 kDa protein in the giant axon and the 60 and 65 kDa proteins in the stellate ganglion. Dephosphorylation of axoplasmic proteins by alkaline phosphatase resulted in a decrease in the molecular weights of both the 220 kDa and HMW neurofilament proteins and a concomitant loss of reactivity with the aNFP antibody on Western blots. This indicated that the aNFP antibody is specific for a phosphorylated epitope in the neurofilament. Increased dephosphorylation of the 220 kDa protein led to an enhanced immunostaining of the resultant 190 kDa polypeptide by the aIFA antibody, suggesting that the phosphorylated epitope may mask the conserved epitope recognized by aIFA. Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical studies show intense labeling by the aNFP antibody in the giant axon. In contrast, the aIFA antibody labeled the glial cells around the giant axon intensely, while labeling of the giant axon itself was considerably less than that with the aNFP antibody. Since the 60 kDa protein in axoplasm is intensely stained by the aIFA antibody on Western blots, the relatively low amounts of labeling seen on semithin and thin sections of the giant axon by this antibody may be due to the masking of the 60 kDa protein by in situ fixed axoplasmic proteins. However, the aIFA antibody intensely labeled glial cells within the stellate ganglion and "islands" of filaments and nuclear membranes within ganglion cells. No reactivity for either antibody was seen in synapses. The aNFP antibody specifically labeled "beadlike" portions and cross-bridges on the axonal neurofilaments, suggesting that these components consist of the 220 kDa and HMW proteins. In contrast, the aIFA antibody labeled relatively smooth filaments in ganglion and glial cells. These data suggest that the 65 kDa protein represents the squid glial filament protein and that the 60 kDa protein found in axoplasm represents the low-molecular-weight subunit in the axonal neurofilament. The latter appears to be formed and/or organized in "islands" of filaments within ganglion cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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26
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Taniguchi N, Iizuka S, Zhe ZN, House S, Yokosawa N, Ono M, Kinoshita K, Makita A, Sekiya C. Measurement of human serum immunoreactive gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in patients with malignant tumors using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cancer Res 1985; 45:5835-9. [PMID: 2865006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human immunoreactive gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) was developed. This assay was found to be simple, reproducible, and sensitive to 10 ng of the enzyme. Serum immunoreactive gamma-GTP content was significantly elevated in patients with various malignant tumors including liver cell cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and colorectal cancer. On the other hand, in sera of patients with nonneoplastic diseases, the immunoreactive gamma-GTP content was not significantly elevated. No correlation was found between the serum levels of gamma-GTP determined by enzymatic assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which indicates that, due to the presence of endogenous inhibitors and/or activators in sera, the enzyme activity may not reflect the true amount of enzyme protein. The measurement of immunoreactive gamma-GTP protein in sera appears to be useful for the detection and monitoring of certain malignant tumors.
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27
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Taniguchi N, House S, Kuzumaki N, Yokosawa N, Yamagiwa S, Iizuka S, Makita A, Sekiya C. A monoclonal antibody against gamma-glutamyltransferase from human primary hepatoma: its use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of sera of cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 1985; 75:841-7. [PMID: 2865389 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/75.5.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody, gamma-120, was raised against a highly purified gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma GT) from human primary hepatoma. The antibody preferentially bound to the small subunit of gamma GT from human hepatoma and kidney as evidenced by immunoblot analysis. Weak binding to the normal liver enzyme could be detected by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). With the use of this antibody, an ELISA was developed for the quantitation of immunoreactive gamma GT in human serum. Sera of 188 normal control subjects displayed a low level (9.4 micrograms/ml) of immunoreactive gamma GT. Highly elevated levels of immunoreactive gamma GT were detected in the sera of patients with primary hepatoma, metastatic liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and certain types of lung cancer. Slightly elevated levels of immunoreactive gamma GT were seen in the sera of patients with liver cirrhosis. The levels of gamma GT were within a normal range in the sera of patients with gastrointestinal cancers and patients with nonmalignant diseases such as hepatitis and gallstones. The antibody has been shown to be useful for the diagnosis of some of the neoplastic diseases.
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28
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Mond JJ, Norton G, Paul WE, Scher I, Finkelman FD, House S, Schaefer M, Mongini PK, Hansen C, Bona C. Establishment of an inbred line of mice that express a synergistic immune defect precluding in vitro responses to type 1 and type 2 antigens, B cell mitogens, and a number of T cell-derived helper factors. J Exp Med 1983; 158:1401-14. [PMID: 6415204 PMCID: PMC2187128 DOI: 10.1084/jem.158.5.1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction of the CBA/N X-linked gene into C3H mice has resulted in the establishment of a new strain of mice that has profound immunologic defects. B cells from these mice show significantly impaired in vitro immune responses to the T cell-independent type 1 antigen trinitrophenyl-Brucella abortus (TNP-BA) as well as markedly reduced proliferative responses to a number of B cell mitogens when compared with the responses of the parental control mice. The in vivo response of such mice to TNP-BA is, however, comparable to that of CBA/N mice. Furthermore, B cells from C3.CBA/N mice are unresponsive to the plaque-forming cell enhancing effects induced by EL4-derived supernatant in the presence of TNP-BA, unlike B cells obtained from CBA/N or C3H/Hen mice whose responsiveness to TNP-BA can be significantly enhanced in the presence of EL4-derived supernatant. The model we have presented to best explain these results suggests that B cells from C3.CBA/N mice can be stimulated only under conditions in which they can interact with carrier-specific T cell help and not under conditions where factor-dependent responses are dominant.
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29
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Kumagai S, Sredni B, House S, Steinberg AD, Green I. Defective regulation of B lymphocyte colony formation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The Journal of Immunology 1982. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.128.1.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We have succeeded in generating B cell colonies from freshly separated human peripheral blood by the double agar layer technique and expanding them in liquid culture for several weeks. Populations of cells enriched in B cells were placed into the upper layer with or without bacterial LPS. Although B cell colonies were observed without LPS, the addition of LPS to the cells in the upper agar layer increased the number of colonies. Also necessary for optimal B cell colony formation was the presence in the lower agar layer of either culture supernatant of PHA-stimulated mononuclear cells or purified T cells and PHA. Without such helper factors in the lower layer, only a few B cell colonies were observed in the upper layer. By using these techniques, peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal individuals and patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied for the generation of B cell colonies. Significantly more B cell colonies were observed in patients with SLE, using either kind of "helper" factor. In addition, T cells from normal individuals and patients were tested for their ability to help B cell colony formation. The SLE T cells were found to be defective in this function relative to normal T cells. Thus, although patients with SLE were hyperactive in forming B cell colonies, thier T cells were defective in supporting the formation of B cell colonies from normal individuals.
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30
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Kumagai S, Sredni B, House S, Steinberg AD, Green I. Defective regulation of B lymphocyte colony formation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol 1982; 128:258-62. [PMID: 6976374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We have succeeded in generating B cell colonies from freshly separated human peripheral blood by the double agar layer technique and expanding them in liquid culture for several weeks. Populations of cells enriched in B cells were placed into the upper layer with or without bacterial LPS. Although B cell colonies were observed without LPS, the addition of LPS to the cells in the upper agar layer increased the number of colonies. Also necessary for optimal B cell colony formation was the presence in the lower agar layer of either culture supernatant of PHA-stimulated mononuclear cells or purified T cells and PHA. Without such helper factors in the lower layer, only a few B cell colonies were observed in the upper layer. By using these techniques, peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal individuals and patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied for the generation of B cell colonies. Significantly more B cell colonies were observed in patients with SLE, using either kind of "helper" factor. In addition, T cells from normal individuals and patients were tested for their ability to help B cell colony formation. The SLE T cells were found to be defective in this function relative to normal T cells. Thus, although patients with SLE were hyperactive in forming B cell colonies, thier T cells were defective in supporting the formation of B cell colonies from normal individuals.
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31
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Abstract
B lymphocyte-enriched cell populations cultured with mitogens in initial suspension cultures formed colonies in soft agar when the same mitogenic agent was present in the lower layer of a two-layer soft agar system. Colony formation depended upon the presence of T cells in the initial culture, and was optimal after an initial 72-h culture with phytohemagglutinin (PHA; 12.5 microliters/ml), pokeweed mitogen (PWM; 2.5 micrograms/ml), or protein A (10 micrograms/ml). The colonies could be picked from the agar and propagated by feeding every 3 d with medium supplemented with a growth factor-containing tissue culture supernate. The growth factor-containing supernate was prepared by stimulating pools of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells for 72 h with PHA or PWM. The lines propagated in this manner were membrane Ig+, lacked sheep erythrocyte rosette-forming ability, and did not ingest latex. They lacked the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) and had 46 chromosomes. Such lines have been propagated for over 1 yr. One line (BL1) was subjected to limiting dilution cloning and a line, BL1.1, was prepared that contained 96% lambda-bearing cells and no kappa-bearing cells. This line was also EBNA negative. This procedure can thus be used to prepare and clone long-term lines of nontransformed human B lymphocytes.
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Bona C, Mond JJ, Stein KE, House S, Lieberman R, Paul WE. Immune response to levan. III. The capacity to produce anti-inulin antibodies and cross-reactive idiotypes appears late in ontogeny. J Immunol 1979; 123:1484-90. [PMID: 383836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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33
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Bona C, Lieberman R, House S, Green I, Paul WE. Immune response to levan. II. T independence of suppression of cross-reactive idiotypes by anti-idiotype antibodies. J Immunol 1979; 122:1614-9. [PMID: 376722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pretreatment of BALB/c mice with antisera to a cross-reactive idiotype (E109IdX) expressed on many anti-bacterial levan (BL) and anti-inulin (Inu) antibodies leads to a prolonged suppression in production of IdX-bearing molecules in response to BL immunization. There is a comparable suppression in numbers of plaque-forming cells secreting IdX-bearing anti-BL and anti-Inu molecules. Furthermore, spleen cells from anti-E109IdX pretreated mice are unable to transfer to irradiated recipients the ability to produce IdX-bearing anti-BL and anti-Inu antibodies. These results indicate that the suppressive effect is at the precursor level and not simply a clearance of antibodies bearing the IdX. Suppression of IdX production can be achieved by pretreating nu/nu BALB/c mice with anti-E109IdX antibodies. Furthermore, spleen cells from pretreated mice do not inhibit the capacity of spleen cells from normal mice transferred to irradiated recipients to produce E109IdX in response to BL. This indicates that the suppression of IdX production in the anti-BL system is T independent and probably represents direct inhibition of precursors by anti-IdX.
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34
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Bona C, Lieberman R, Chien CC, Mond J, House S, Green I, Paul WE. Immune Response to Levan. The Journal of Immunology 1978. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.120.4.1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The antibody response of normal adult, of young and of nu/nu BALB/c mice to bacterial levan was characterized in terms of its relative specificity for levan and for inulin and of the expression of a family of cross-reactive idiotypes (IdX) found on BALB/c myeloma proteins which bind inulin and levan. Normal adult BALB/c mice immunized with levan develop prompt antibody responses which can be detected by serum hemagglutinin assays or by enumeration of plaque-forming cells. These antibodies are specific for levan and many also bind inulin. In addition, the IdX is expressed on a substantial fraction of the anti-levan antibodies, particularly those that bind both inulin and levan. The response to levan is thymus independent in that nu/nu BALB/c mice and lethally irradiated BALB/c mice reconstituted only with bone marrow cells produce anti-levan antibodies. However, the response of nu/nu BALB/c mice to levan is unusual in that the titer of anti-inulin antibodies and of serum IdX is very low. When young mice (2 to 4 weeks of age) are immunized with levan they respond quite well, but their anti-levan antibodies also fail to bind inulin or to express the IdX. These results suggest that the unusual specificity of the response of nu/nu BALB/c mice may reflect the need for a functional thymus in the normal maturation of the thymus-independent lymphocytes which respond to levan with the secretion of antibodies that bind inulin and express the IdX.
Finally, cells secreting antibodies specific for the IdX are regularly observed in the spleens of mice immunized with bacterial levan. This is consistent with regulation of the anti-levan response by autoanti-idiotype antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Bona
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health From the , Bethesda, Maryland 20014
| | - R. Lieberman
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health From the , Bethesda, Maryland 20014
| | - C. C. Chien
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health From the , Bethesda, Maryland 20014
| | - J. Mond
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health From the , Bethesda, Maryland 20014
| | - S. House
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health From the , Bethesda, Maryland 20014
| | - I. Green
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health From the , Bethesda, Maryland 20014
| | - W. E. Paul
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health From the , Bethesda, Maryland 20014
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Bona C, Lieberman R, Chien CC, Mond J, House S, Green I, Paul WE. Immune response to levan. I. Kinetics and ontogeny of anti-levan and anti-inulin antibody response and of expression of cross-reactive idiotype. J Immunol 1978; 120:1436-42. [PMID: 417140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Halterman RH, Graw RG, Leventhal BG, Johnson G, House S, Krueger GR. Reactive lymphocyte blastogenesis during graft-versus-host reaction. Transplantation 1972; 14:271-4. [PMID: 4403146 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-197208000-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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