1
|
Séguin B, Liptak JM. Updates in Surgical Oncology. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2024; 54:577-589. [PMID: 38238221 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
New knowledge and data can influence the treatment options of dogs and cats affected by neoplasms. Partial limb amputation with the use of a prosthesis is possible in dogs. Newer studies attempt to define better and understand the complications and limb function associated with this approach. Limb sparing is an alternative to amputation, and three-dimensional printing allows the manufacturing of personalized endoprostheses. Finally, the recommended approach for the excision of cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) is with proportional margins. In dogs, grade shifting might have occurred when removing a recurrent MCT or soft tissue sarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Séguin
- Central Victoria Veterinary Hospital, 760 Roderick Street, Victoria, British Columbia V8X 2R3, Canada.
| | - Julius M Liptak
- Capital City Specialty & Emergency Animal Hospital, 747 Silver Seven Road, Kanata, Ontario K2V 0A2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ashton LV, Weishaar KM, Séguin B, MacNeill AL. Oclacitinib and Myxoma Virus Therapy in Dogs with High-Grade Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2346. [PMID: 37760788 PMCID: PMC10525839 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human rhabdomyosarcomas are rarely cured by surgical resection alone. This is also true for high-grade soft tissue sarcomas in dogs. Dogs with spontaneous sarcoma are good models for clinical responses to new cancer therapies. Strategic combinations of immunotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy (OV) could improve treatment responses in canine and human cancer patients. To develop an appropriate combination of immunotherapy and OV for dogs with soft tissue sarcoma (STS), canine cancer cells were inoculated with myxoma viruses (MYXVs) and gene transcripts were quantified. Next, the cytokine concentrations in the canine cancer cells were altered to evaluate their effect on MYXV replication. These studies indicated that, as in murine and human cells, type I interferons (IFN) play an important role in limiting MYXV replication in canine cancer cells. To reduce type I IFN production during OV, oclacitinib (a JAK1 inhibitor) was administered twice daily to dogs for 14 days starting ~7 days prior to surgery. STS tumors were excised, and MYXV deleted for serp2 (MYXV∆SERP2) was administered at the surgical site at two time points post-operatively to treat any remaining microscopic tumor cells. Tumor regrowth in dogs treated with OV was decreased relative to historical controls. However, regrowth was not further inhibited in patients given combination therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura V. Ashton
- Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Kristen M. Weishaar
- Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Bernard Séguin
- Central Victoria Veterinary Hospital, Victoria, BC V8X 2R3, Canada;
| | - Amy L. MacNeill
- Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Llido M, Le Bras LA, Brailovski V, Séguin B, Masseau I, Petit Y, Lussier B. Muscular morphometric study of the canine shoulder for the design of 3D-printed endoprostheses in dogs with osteosarcoma of the proximal humerus: a pilot cadaveric study by MRI. Am J Vet Res 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37044376 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.22.12.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteosarcoma frequently affects the proximal humerus in dogs. In veterinary medicine, no therapeutic option for the treatment of osteosarcoma satisfactorily preserves limb function. 3D-printed personalized endoprosthesis offers a promising treatment option. Morphometric data, necessary for the design of the endoprosthesis, are currently lacking in canine patients. Our objective was to acquire the morphometric data necessary to refine the design of the endoprosthesis. ANIMAL A single canine cadaveric thoracic limb. PROCEDURES Sagittal proton-density, and sagittal, dorsal, and transverse T1-weighted sequences of the thoracic limb were acquired with a 1.5 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) unit. Nineteen muscles of interest were subsequently identified using medical imaging software (Mimics©) and their volume was reconstructed in 3D using computer-aided design (CATIA©). Mormophetric data were recorded for each of the 19 muscles. The same canine cadaver was then dissected to measure the same parameters. RESULTS All muscles were successfully identified with data consistent with the dissected cadaveric data. Certain muscles were more challenging to isolate on MRI, namely the heads of the triceps brachii, superficial pectoral, and latissimus dorsi. The relative distribution of muscle volumes was similar to historical data. Muscle tissue density was not significantly affected by freezing (1.059 g/cm3). CLINICAL RELEVANCE MRI is a useful tool to collect morphometric data but imperfect if used alone. This approach was the first attempt to validate more general morphometric data that could be used to refine the design of custom 3D-printed prostheses for limb-sparing of the proximal humerus. Further imaging studies are warranted to refine our model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Llido
- Department of Sciences Cliniques, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Bernard Séguin
- Central Victoria Veterinary Hospital, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Isabelle Masseau
- Department of Sciences Cliniques, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yvan Petit
- École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bertrand Lussier
- Department of Sciences Cliniques, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Altwal J, Martin TW, Thamm DH, Séguin B. Configuration of pathologic fractures in dogs with osteosarcoma following stereotactic body radiation therapy: A retrospective analysis. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:131-137. [PMID: 36633386 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
For some cases of canine appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA), limb-sparing treatment options are often desired, one of which is stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). A major complication of SBRT is fracture of the irradiated bone at the site of treatment. The present study evaluated 127 appendicular OSA sites in 122 dogs treated with SBRT to identify the most common pathologic fracture locations and configurations. A total of 50 tumours experienced a pathologic fracture, and 38 had imaging sufficient to identify fracture configuration. The distal tibia was more likely to develop a fracture than other sites. Multiple types of fracture configuration (transverse, oblique, spiral and comminuted) were observed. The distal radius was significantly more likely to develop a transverse fracture than other sites. Documentation of fracture location and configuration leads to the identification of the forces contributing to fracture occurrence, since each configuration is a result of different forces acting on each affected bone. Such knowledge is imperative for the development of new approaches to diminish the occurrence of pathologic fractures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Altwal
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Tiffany Wormhoudt Martin
- Flint Animal Cancer Center and Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Douglas H Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center and Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Bernard Séguin
- Flint Animal Cancer Center and Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ciepluch BJ, Séguin B, Worley D. Sternohyoideus-sternothyroideus muscle flap to reconstruct oronasal fistulas due to maxillary cancer in four dogs. Vet Surg 2023; 52:299-307. [PMID: 36511296 PMCID: PMC10107616 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the repair of oronasal fistulas in dogs treated for maxillary cancer, with a novel sternohyoideus-sternothyroideus muscle flap, and to report the outcome. ANIMALS Client-owned dogs (n = 4) with oronasal fistulas related to cancer. STUDY DESIGN Short case series. METHODS Maxillary defects were caused by tissue destruction by the tumor and tumor response to radiation therapy in two cases and a complication of caudal maxillectomy in two cases, one of which had neoadjuvant radiation therapy. All tumors were >4 cm at the level of the maxilla. Flaps were harvested by transecting the ipsilateral sternothyroideus and sternohyoideus muscles from their origin at the manubrium and costal cartilage. The muscles were rotated around the base of the cranial thyroid artery and tunneled subcutaneously in the neck and through an incision in the caudodorsal aspect of the oral cavity. The muscle flap was sutured to the edges of the oronasal fistula. RESULTS The flap reached as far rostral as the level of the first premolar without tension. All dogs had clinical signs that improved postoperatively. All dogs had partial dehiscence of the flap. CONCLUSION This flap was associated with a high rate of complications; however, all flaps were used in challenging cases. Clinical signs related to oronasal fistula were improved in all dogs in this case series.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany J Ciepluch
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Animal Cancer Care and Research Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Bernard Séguin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Deanna Worley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wood CJ, Chu ML, Selmic LE, Mayhew PD, Holt DE, Martano M, Séguin B, Singh A, Boston SE, Lux C, Liptak JM. Effect of perioperative desmopressin in cats with mammary carcinoma treated with bilateral mastectomy. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 19:724-734. [PMID: 32619339 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Perioperative administration of desmopressin has shown to significantly decrease rates of local recurrence and metastasis, and increase survival times in dogs with grade II and III mammary carcinomas. The objective of this study was to compare the oncologic outcome of cats with mammary carcinoma treated with bilateral mastectomy with or without perioperative administration of desmopressin. Medical records from nine veterinary institutions were searched to identify cats diagnosed with mammary carcinoma treated with bilateral mastectomy. Sixty cats treated with single-session or staged bilateral mastectomy were included. There were no significant differences in oncologic outcomes found between cats treated and not treated with desmopressin. No adverse effects were seen in any of the cats treated with perioperative desmopressin. Postoperative complications occurred in 18 cats (38.3%) treated with single-session bilateral mastectomy and in three cats (23.1%) treated with staged bilateral mastectomy (P = .48). Histologic grade and a modification of a proposed five-stage histologic staging system were both prognostic for disease-free interval. Incomplete histologic excision was associated with significantly increased rates of metastasis and tumour progression, and a shorter median survival time (MST). Cats that developed local recurrence also had a significantly shorter MST. The results of this study do not support the use of perioperative desmopressin to improve outcome when performing bilateral mastectomy for the treatment of mammary carcinoma in cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret L Chu
- VCA Canada - Alta Vista Animal Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Philipp D Mayhew
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - David E Holt
- Section of Surgery, Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital, Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marina Martano
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Bernard Séguin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ameet Singh
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah E Boston
- VCA Canada - 404 Veterinary Emergency and Referral, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cassie Lux
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julius M Liptak
- VCA Canada - Alta Vista Animal Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liptak JM, Thatcher GP, Mestrinho LA, Séguin B, Vernier T, Martano M, Husbands BD, Veytsman S, van Nimwegen SA, De Mello Souza CH, Mullins RA, Barry SL, Selmic LE. Outcomes of cats treated with maxillectomy: 60 cases. A Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology retrospective study. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 19:641-650. [PMID: 32592320 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maxillectomy is poorly described for the management of oral tumours in cats and is occasionally not recommended because of the high complication rate and sub-optimal outcome reported in cats treated with mandibulectomy. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the complications and oncologic outcome in cats treated with maxillectomy. Sixty cats were included in the study. Maxillectomy procedures included unilateral rostral (20.0%), bilateral rostral (23.3%), segmental (10.0%), caudal (20.0%) and total unilateral maxillectomy (26.7%). Intra-operative and post-operative complications were reported in 10 (16.7%) and 34 (56.7%) cats, respectively. The most common post-operative complications were hyporexia (20.0%) and incisional dehiscence (20.0%). The median duration of hyporexia was 7 days. Benign tumours were diagnosed in 19 cats (31.7%) and malignant tumours in 41 cats (68.3%). Local recurrence and metastatic rates were 18.3% and 4.9%, respectively; the median progression-free interval (PFI) was not reached. The disease-related median survival time was not reached overall or for either benign or malignant tumours. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were, respectively, 100% and 79% for cats with benign tumours, 89% and 89% for cats with malignant tumours, 94% and 94% for cats with fibrosarcomas, 83% and 83% for cats with squamous cell carcinomas, and 80% and 80% for cats with osteosarcomas. Poor prognostic factors included mitotic index for PFI, adjuvant chemotherapy for both PFI and survival time, and local recurrence for survival time. Maxillectomy is a viable treatment option for cats resulting in good local tumour control and long survival times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julius M Liptak
- VCA Canada-Alta Vista Animal Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham P Thatcher
- VCA Canada-Alta Vista Animal Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lisa A Mestrinho
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bernard Séguin
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Timothy Vernier
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Marina Martano
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Brian D Husbands
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stan Veytsman
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Carlos H De Mello Souza
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ronan A Mullins
- Section of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Sabrina L Barry
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wood CJ, Selmic LE, Schlag AN, Bacmeister C, Séguin B, Culp WTN, Ayres SA, Sumner JP, Byer B, Mayer UK, Liptak JM. Biological behaviour and clinical outcome in 42 cats with sarcoids (cutaneous fibropapillomas). Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:699-705. [PMID: 32304135 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Feline sarcoids (or cutaneous fibropapillomas) are rare dermal neoplasms. There are currently no reported statistics concerning their clinical behaviour. Our objective with this retrospective, multi-institutional study was to describe the clinical presentation and biological behaviour of sarcoids in cats and to determine the oncologic outcome following surgical resection. Medical records from a laboratory database and six contributing institutions were searched to identify cats with histologically confirmed sarcoids. Forty-two cats were included in the study. The majority of sarcoids occurred on the face, particularly rostral locations such as the lips and nasal planum. Complete and incomplete histologic excision was achieved in 18 and 21 cats, respectively. The overall local recurrence rate was 40.5%. Complete histologic excision was associated with a significantly lower local recurrence rate (11.1%) and longer disease-free interval (not reached) compared with cats with incompletely excised sarcoids (66.7% and 250 days, respectively). The 1- and 2-year local recurrence rates were 0% and 7%, respectively, for cats with complete histologic excision, and 67% at both time intervals for cats with incomplete histologic excision. Five of the cats (83.3%) treated with curative-intent surgical revision following local tumour recurrence had no further local recurrence. All cats that died secondary to tumour-related causes had initial incomplete histologic excision and were euthanized because of local recurrence. Wide surgical resection of feline sarcoids is recommended to achieve complete histologic excision, local tumour control and a potential cure. For cats with incomplete histologic excision or local tumour recurrence, repeat surgical resection is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ariel N Schlag
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | | | - Bernard Séguin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - William T N Culp
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sara A Ayres
- Mapleview Animal Clinic, Barrie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia P Sumner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Brittney Byer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ursula K Mayer
- AniCura Kleintierspezialisten Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Byer B, Schlein LJ, Rose B, Séguin B. In-vitro effects of taurolidine alone and in combination with mitoxantrone and/or piroxicam on canine transitional cell carcinoma. Can J Vet Res 2020; 84:115-123. [PMID: 32255906 PMCID: PMC7088828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this in-vitro study was to evaluate taurolidine as a therapy for transitional cell carcinomas in canine patients. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common cancer of the urinary bladder in dogs and accounts for approximately 2% of reported malignancies in this species. There is no cure for this neoplasm and most dogs are lost from complications associated with progression of the local disease. Taurolidine has been shown to have anti-tumor and antiangiogenic effects against a variety of neoplasms in human and animal models. Four canine TCC cell lines were treated with various concentrations of taurolidine, mitoxantrone, and piroxicam alone. In addition, combinations of taurolidine/mitoxantrone, taurolidine/piroxicam, mitoxantrone/piroxicam, and taurolidine/mitoxantrone/piroxicam were assessed. Susceptibility of the TCC cell lines was based on a 72-hour growth inhibition assay using resazurin with absorbance measured at λ530/590. The ability of taurolidine to induce apoptosis was evaluated on 2 of the cell lines with an Annexin-V/propidium iodide assay. All cell lines were susceptible to treatment with taurolidine, mitoxantrone, and piroxicam alone. The results of the combination therapies of the 3 drugs were dependent on cell line and concentration and revealed no change in cell growth inhibition, a subadditive relationship, or a synergistic relationship. Taurolidine induced apoptosis in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. Taurolidine alone showed significant effects on cell viability in vitro in canine TCC cell lines and these effects can be potentially enhanced with the addition of mitoxantrone and/or piroxicam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Byer
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Lisa J Schlein
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Barbara Rose
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Bernard Séguin
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Timercan A, Brailovski V, Petit Y, Lussier B, Séguin B. Personalized 3D-printed endoprostheses for limb sparing in dogs: Modeling and in vitro testing. Med Eng Phys 2019; 71:17-29. [PMID: 31327657 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer in dogs, treatable by amputation or limb-sparing surgery. For the latter, commercially available plate - endoprosthesis assemblies require contouring, to be adapted to the patient's bone geometry, and lead to sub-optimal results. The use of additively-manufactured personalized endoprostheses and cutting guides for distal radius limb-sparing surgery in dogs presents a promising alternative. Specialized software is used for the bone structure reconstruction from the patient's CT scans and for the design of endoprostheses and cutting guides. The prostheses are manufactured from a titanium alloy using a laser powder bed fusion system, while the cutting guides are manufactured from an ABS plastic using a fused deposition modeling system. A finite element model of an instrumented limb was developed and validated using experimental testing of a cadaveric limb implanted with a personalized endoprosthesis. Personalized endoprostheses and cutting guides can reduce limb sparing surgery time by 25-50% and may reduce the risk of implant failure. The numerical model was validated using the kinematics and force-displacement diagrams of the implant-limb construct. The model indicated that a modulus of elasticity of an implant material ranging from 25 to 50 GPa would improve the stress distribution within the implant. The results of the current study will allow optimization of the design of the personal implants in both veterinary and human patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anatolie Timercan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de technologie supérieure, 1100 Notre-Dame West, Montreal, Quebec H3C1K3, Canada.
| | - Vladimir Brailovski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de technologie supérieure, 1100 Notre-Dame West, Montreal, Quebec H3C1K3, Canada.
| | - Yvan Petit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de technologie supérieure, 1100 Notre-Dame West, Montreal, Quebec H3C1K3, Canada.
| | - Bertrand Lussier
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S2M2, Canada.
| | - Bernard Séguin
- Colorado State University Flint Animal Cancer Center, 300 W Drake, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Séguin B, Pinard C, Lussier B, Williams D, Griffin L, Podell B, Mejia S, Timercan A, Petit Y, Brailovski V. Limb-sparing in dogs using patient-specific, three-dimensional-printed endoprosthesis for distal radial osteosarcoma: A pilot study. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:92-104. [PMID: 31209977 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Limb-sparing for distal radial osteosarcoma has a high rate of complications. Using personalized three-dimensional (3D)-printed implants might improve outcome. The goals of this study were to optimize use of patient-specific, 3D-printed endoprostheses for limb-sparing in dogs in the clinical environment and to report the outcome. This was a pilot study where five client-owned dogs were enrolled. Computed tomography (CT) of the thoracic limbs was performed, which was used to create patient-specific endoprostheses and cutting guides, and repeated on the day of surgery. Intra-arterial (IA) carboplatin was introduced in the clinical management. Limb-sparing was performed. Outcome measures were time required to produce the endoprosthesis and cutting guide, fit between cutting guide and endoprosthesis with host bones, gait analysis, size of the tumour, percent tumour necrosis, complications, disease-free interval (DFI) and survival time (ST). Four dogs received IA carboplatin. Excessive tumour growth between planning CT and surgery did not occur in any dog. The interval between the CT and surgery ranged from 14 to 70 days. Fit between the cutting-guide and endoprosthesis with the host bones was good to excellent. At least one complication occurred in all dogs. Two dogs were euthanized with STs of 192 and 531 days. The other dogs were alive with a follow up of 534 to 575 days. IA chemotherapy is a promising strategy to minimize the risk of excessive tumour growth while waiting for the endoprosthesis and cutting-guide to be made. The design of the cutting-guide was critical for best fit of the endoprosthesis with host bones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Séguin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Chris Pinard
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Bertrand Lussier
- Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Deanna Williams
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Lynn Griffin
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Brendan Podell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Sebastian Mejia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Anatolie Timercan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ecole de Technolgie Supérieure, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yvan Petit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ecole de Technolgie Supérieure, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vladimir Brailovski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ecole de Technolgie Supérieure, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Parachini-Winter C, Curran KM, Pellin M, Laver T, Hanot C, Vernier TH, Séguin B. Cutaneous and subcutaneous metastasis of appendicular osteosarcoma in dogs: 20 cases. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:2200-2208. [PMID: 31294875 PMCID: PMC6766478 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastasis of appendicular osteosarcoma is most common to the lungs and is generally considered a terminal event in dogs. Behavior and prognosis associated with cutaneous or subcutaneous metastases (CSM) is poorly defined. Objective Describe the population and gather prognostic information regarding appendicular osteosarcoma with CSM in dogs. Animals Twenty dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma and CSM. Methods Retrospective case series. Medical records were searched to identify dogs diagnosed with appendicular osteosarcoma that developed CSM. Demographic data, order of metastatic events, and CSM clinical features were evaluated. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were constructed and log‐rank tests were used to compare survival between groups of dogs. Results In 19 dogs (95%), CSM was an incidental finding. Seventeen dogs (85%) developed pulmonary metastasis, and 1 dog (5%) developed bone metastasis. No other metastatic sites were detected before euthanasia. The median CSM‐free interval and CSM survival time were 160 days (range: 0‐542 days) and 55 days (range: 5‐336 days), respectively. The median CSM survival time was significantly longer for dogs treated with surgery and chemotherapy (94 days) or chemotherapy only (64 days) than for dogs that did not receive these treatments (11 days) (P = .002 and P = .03, respectively). No other factors were associated with survival after diagnosis of CSM. Conclusion and Clinical Importance The skin or subcutaneous tissue can be the first osteosarcoma metastatic site detected. After CSM diagnosis, the prognosis is grave with median survival <2 months. Although this finding could have been biased by case selection, treatment with surgery and chemotherapy may improve outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Parachini-Winter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Kaitlin M Curran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - MacKenzie Pellin
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Travis Laver
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Camille Hanot
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Timothy H Vernier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Bernard Séguin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wustefeld-Janssens BG, Séguin B, Ehrhart NP, Worley DR. Analysis of outcome in dogs that undergo secondary amputation as an end-point for managing complications related to limb salvage surgery for treatment of appendicular osteosarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:84-91. [PMID: 31177624 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA) remains a prevalent musculoskeletal cancer in dogs and definitive local control followed by adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy is considered the gold standard approach. Several studies support surgical limb salvage as a means of local control with similar outcomes compared with limb amputation. Complications are well described for limb salvage but little is known of dogs that undergo secondary amputation as a result of complications and outcomes specific to this group. A retrospective analysis of dogs in an institutional primary bone tumour registry was performed to identify dogs diagnosed with histologically confirmed OSA treated with surgical limb salvage with a technique that required an implant to reconstruct the osseous defect. A total of 192 dogs were identified with 31 dogs undergoing secondary amputation representing a limb preservation rate of 84%. A total of 111 dogs were analysed: 31 secondary amputation cases and 80 controls were selected for comparison. The most common reasons for secondary amputation were local recurrence (LR) and surgical site infection (SSI), with odds ratios of 3.6 and 1.7, respectively. Dogs that underwent secondary amputation had a significantly (P = .05) longer median disease specific survival time (ST) (604 days) compared with the control group (385 days). Dogs lived for a median of 205 days beyond secondary amputation and 97% had good functional outcome. Significant independent factors that positively influenced ST were secondary amputation, moderate SSI, severe SSI and age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandan G Wustefeld-Janssens
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Flint Animal Cancer Center and Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Bernard Séguin
- Flint Animal Cancer Center and Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Nicole P Ehrhart
- Flint Animal Cancer Center and Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Deanna R Worley
- Flint Animal Cancer Center and Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wei Q, Ramsey SA, Larson MK, Berlow NE, Ochola D, Shiprack C, Kashyap A, Séguin B, Keller C, Löhr CV. Elucidating the transcriptional program of feline injection-site sarcoma using a cross-species mRNA-sequencing approach. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:311. [PMID: 30947707 PMCID: PMC6449919 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline injection-site sarcoma (FISS), an aggressive iatrogenic subcutaneous malignancy, is challenging to manage clinically and little is known about the molecular basis of its pathogenesis. Tumor transcriptome profiling has proved valuable for gaining insights into the molecular basis of cancers and for identifying new therapeutic targets. Here, we report the first study of the FISS transcriptome and the first cross-species comparison of the FISS transcriptome with those of anatomically similar soft-tissue sarcomas in dogs and humans. METHODS Using high-throughput short-read paired-end sequencing, we comparatively profiled FISS tumors vs. normal tissue samples as well as cultured FISS-derived cell lines vs. skin-derived fibroblasts. We analyzed the mRNA-seq data to compare cancer/normal gene expression level, identify biological processes and molecular pathways that are associated with the pathogenesis of FISS, and identify multimegabase genomic regions of potential somatic copy number alteration (SCNA) in FISS. We additionally conducted cross-species analyses to compare the transcriptome of FISS to those of soft-tissue sarcomas in dogs and humans, at the level of cancer/normal gene expression ratios. RESULTS We found: (1) substantial differential expression biases in feline orthologs of human oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes suggesting conserved functions in FISS; (2) a genomic region with recurrent SCNA in human sarcomas that is syntenic to a feline genomic region of probable SCNA in FISS; and (3) significant overlap of the pattern of transcriptional alterations in FISS with the patterns of transcriptional alterations in soft-tissue sarcomas in humans and in dogs. We demonstrated that a protein, BarH-like homeobox 1 (BARX1), has increased expression in FISS cells at the protein level. We identified 11 drugs and four target proteins as potential new therapies for FISS, and validated that one of them (GSK-1059615) inhibits growth of FISS-derived cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS (1) Window-based analysis of mRNA-seq data can uncover SCNAs. (2) The transcriptome of FISS-derived cells is highly consistent with that of FISS tumors. (3) FISS is highly similar to soft-tissue sarcomas in dogs and humans, at the level of gene expression. This work underscores the potential utility of comparative oncology in improving understanding and treatment of FISS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Stephen A Ramsey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
| | - Maureen K Larson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Noah E Berlow
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Donasian Ochola
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Amita Kashyap
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Bernard Séguin
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Charles Keller
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Christiane V Löhr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Séguin B, Walsh PJ, Ehrhart EJ, Hayden E, Lafferty MH, Selmic LE. Lateral manus translation for limb-sparing surgery in 18 dogs with distal radial osteosarcoma in dogs. Vet Surg 2018; 48:247-256. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Séguin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; Oregon State University; Corvallis Oregon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | | | - E. J. Ehrhart
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Eva Hayden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; Oregon State University; Corvallis Oregon
| | - Mary H. Lafferty
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Laura E. Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
MacNeill AL, Weishaar KM, Séguin B, Powers BE. Safety of an Oncolytic Myxoma Virus in Dogs with Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Viruses 2018; 10:v10080398. [PMID: 30060548 PMCID: PMC6115854 DOI: 10.3390/v10080398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many oncolytic viruses that are efficacious in murine cancer models are ineffective in humans. The outcomes of oncolytic virus treatment in dogs with spontaneous tumors may better predict human cancer response and improve treatment options for dogs with cancer. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the safety of treatment with myxoma virus lacking the serp2 gene (MYXVΔserp2) and determine its immunogenicity in dogs. To achieve these objectives, dogs with spontaneous soft tissue sarcomas were treated with MYXVΔserp2 intratumorally (n = 5) or post-operatively (n = 5). In dogs treated intratumorally, clinical scores were recorded and tumor biopsies and swabs (from the mouth and virus injection site) were analyzed for viral DNA at multiple time-points. In all dogs, blood, urine, and feces were frequently collected to evaluate organ function, virus distribution, and immune response. No detrimental effects of MYXVΔserp2 treatment were observed in any canine cancer patients. No clinically significant changes in complete blood profiles, serum chemistry analyses, or urinalyses were measured. Viral DNA was isolated from one tumor swab, but viral dissemination was not observed. Anti-MYXV antibodies were occasionally detected. These findings provide needed safety information to advance clinical trials using MYXVΔserp2 to treat patients with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L MacNeill
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Kristen M Weishaar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Bernard Séguin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Barbara E Powers
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wustefeld-Janssens BG, Lafferty M, Séguin B. Modification of the metal endoprosthesis limb-salvage procedure for excision of a large distal radial osteosarcoma in a dog: A case report. Vet Surg 2018; 47:802-808. [PMID: 30051470 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report modification of the endoprosthesis surgical limb-salvage technique to treat a locally extensive osteosarcoma in a dog and associated functional outcome. STUDY DESIGN Clinical case report. ANIMALS One client-owned dog. METHODS A 9-year-old dog was presented for treatment of a locally extensive distal radial osteosarcoma. A limb-salvage surgery was performed with a second-generation Veterinary Orthopedic Implants (VOI) endoprosthesis to reconstruct the radial segmental and carpal osseous defect. The endoprosthesis was stabilized with a 16-mm-wide locking VOI limb-salvage plate. The level of the osteotomy of the radius/ulna was 3 cm proximal to the periosteal reaction seen on radiographs, and the distal osteotomy extended through the proximal metacarpal bones (II-V), 3 cm from the distal extent of the soft tissue component of the tumor. A 3.5-mm SOP (String of Pearls) plate was used as adjunct fixation. RESULTS The postoperative functional outcome was classified as acceptable. Ambulation was normal, with mild subjective lameness on the treated limb at examinations 20, 43, and 63 days after surgery. The dog was euthanized 92 days after surgery because of progressive metastatic disease. CONCLUSION The modified endoprosthetic technique allowed complete excision of the carpal joint, which resulted in acceptable functional outcomes in the dog described here. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Distal ostectomies may include part of the manus during limb salvage surgery of locally extensive distal radial osteosarcoma and using an endoprosthesis implant to reconstruct the defect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandan G Wustefeld-Janssens
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Mary Lafferty
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Bernard Séguin
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Turner H, Séguin B, Worley DR, Ehrhart NP, Lafferty MH, Withrow SJ, Selmic LE. Prognosis for dogs with stage III osteosarcoma following treatment with amputation and chemotherapy with and without metastasectomy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 251:1293-1305. [PMID: 29154712 DOI: 10.2460/javma.251.11.1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine survival times of selected dogs with metastatic (stage III) osteosarcoma, whether disease-free interval (DFI) was associated with survival time after diagnosis of stage III disease (ie, stage III survival time), and whether a survival benefit of metastasectomy existed. DESIGN Retrospective case series with nested cohort study. ANIMALS 194 client-owned dogs treated for histologically confirmed appendicular osteosarcoma from 1997 through 2009. PROCEDURES Dogs were included if they had stage I or II osteosarcoma at the time of initial evaluation, had amputation of the affected appendage and ≥ 1 dose of chemotherapy afterward, and developed metastasis within the follow-up period or prior to death. Data collected from the medical records included signalment, primary tumor location, clinical and laboratory findings, whether metastasectomy was performed, and outcome. Various factors were examined for associations with outcome. RESULTS Dogs that received no treatment for the metastasis had a median survival time between 49 and 57 days after diagnosis of stage III osteosarcoma. Duration of the preceding DFI had no association with this period. Metastasectomy alone was associated with a longer median stage III survival time (232 days) than no metastasectomy (49 days). Among all dogs identified as qualifying for pulmonary metastasectomy on the basis of < 3 pulmonary nodules visible on thoracic radiographs and a DFI > 275 days (n = 21), a survival advantage was also identified for those that actually received pulmonary metastasectomy (6). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Preceding DFI had no influence on survival time of dogs with stage III osteosarcoma. Metastasectomy was associated with an increase in survival time for selected dogs.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lacassagne K, Hearon K, Berg J, Séguin B, Hoyt L, Byer B, Selmic LE. Canine spinal meningiomas and nerve sheath tumours in 34 dogs (2008-2016): Distribution and long-term outcome based upon histopathology and treatment modality. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:344-351. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Lacassagne
- Department of Surgery; Veterinary Specialty Center of Seattle; Lynnwood Washington
| | - K. Hearon
- Department of Surgery; Metropolitan Veterinary Associates; Valley Forge Pennsylvania
| | - J. Berg
- Department of Neurology; Guardian Veterinary Specialists; Brewster New York
| | - B. Séguin
- Flint Animal Cancer Center; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - L. Hoyt
- Department of Radiology; Blue Pearl; New York New York
| | - B. Byer
- College of Veterinary medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - L. E. Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary medicine; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) remain a therapeutic challenge for pediatric and adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients. Still today, surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy remain the mainstay of treatment. Obstacles in developing new treatment approaches to improve the outcome are: few patients to enroll in clinical trials, and the diversity of tumor biology between histologic subtypes. Pet dogs may offer an additional strategy to discover and test new therapeutic avenues. The number of dogs diagnosed with a STS each year in the United States is estimated to be around 27,000 to 95,000. In comparison, approximately 900 children less than 20 years old and 1,500 AYAs between 15 and 29 years old are diagnosed with a STS each year in the United States. The mainstay for treatment of STSs in dogs is also surgery, with radiation therapy and chemotherapy when necessary. Similar to what is seen in humans, grade and stage are prognostic in dogs. In one comparative study of the histology and immunohistochemistry of canine STSs, most tumors were diagnosed as the human equivalent of undifferentiated sarcoma, spindle cell sarcoma, or unclassified spindle cell sarcoma. But much work remains to be done to fully assess the validity of canine STSs as a model. Gene expression analysis has been done in a limited number of canine STSs. Tissue banking, development of cell lines, and the ability to mobilize large-scale clinical trials will become essential in veterinary medicine to benefit both dogs and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Séguin
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Séguin B, O'Donnell MD, Walsh PJ, Selmic LE. Long-term outcome of dogs treated with ulnar rollover transposition for limb-sparing of distal radial osteosarcoma: 27 limbs in 26 dogs. Vet Surg 2017; 46:1017-1024. [PMID: 28792618 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine outcomes in dogs with distal radial osteosarcoma treated with ulnar rollover transposition (URT) limb-sparing surgery including: viability of the ulnar graft, complications, subjective limb function, disease-free interval (DFI), and survival time (ST). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS Twenty-six client-owned dogs with distal radial osteosarcoma and no involvement of the ulna. METHODS Data of dogs treated with URT were collected at the time of surgery and retrospectively from medical records and by contacting owners and referring veterinarians. RESULTS URT technique was performed on 27 limbs in 26 dogs. The ulnar graft was determined to be viable in 17 limbs, nonviable in 3, and unknown in 7. Complications occurred in 20 limbs. Infection was diagnosed in 12 limbs. Biomechanical complications occurred in 15 and local recurrence in 2 limbs. Limb function graded by veterinarians or owners was poor in 2 limbs, fair in 4, good in 14, excellent in 3, and unknown in 4. Median DFI was 245 days and median ST was 277 days. CONCLUSION The URT technique maintained the viability of the ulnar graft. The complication rate was high but limb function appeared acceptable. Although sufficient length of the distal aspect of the ulna must be preserved to perform this technique, local recurrence was not increased compared to other limb-sparing techniques when cases were appropriately selected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Séguin
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Matthew D O'Donnell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Peter J Walsh
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.,Veterinary Specialty Group, West Sacramento, California
| | - Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wormhoudt T, Séguin B, Bemis DA, Hyatt D. Taurolidine susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 29:910-911. [PMID: 28754087 DOI: 10.1177/1040638717723043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) can be challenging to treat because they are often resistant to many other antimicrobial agents. We assessed the susceptibility of 29 MRSP isolates from dogs to taurolidine in vitro. There was no growth at 0.12% taurolidine and light growth at 0.06% for all isolates. Taurolidine was reliable at inhibiting growth of MRSP at a concentration of 1,200 µg/mL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Wormhoudt
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Wormhoudt, Séguin).,Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Hyatt).,Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (Bemis)
| | - Bernard Séguin
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Wormhoudt, Séguin).,Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Hyatt).,Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (Bemis)
| | - David A Bemis
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Wormhoudt, Séguin).,Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Hyatt).,Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (Bemis)
| | - Doreene Hyatt
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Wormhoudt, Séguin).,Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Hyatt).,Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (Bemis)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Marvel SJ, Séguin B, Dailey DD, Thamm DH. Clinical outcome of partial cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the canine bladder. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 15:1417-1427. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Marvel
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - B. Séguin
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
- Flint Animal Cancer Center; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - D. D. Dailey
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - D. H. Thamm
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
- Flint Animal Cancer Center; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Séguin B, Steinke JR. Bilateral Superior Labial Mucosal Transposition Flaps to Correct Stenosis of the Nares Following Bilateral Rostral Maxillectomy Combined with Nasal Planum Resection in a Dog. Vet Surg 2016; 45:402-5. [PMID: 27008033 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a technique using labial mucosal flaps to correct stenosis of the nares subsequent to bilateral rostral maxillectomy and nasal planum resection. STUDY DESIGN Case report ANIMALS Client-owned dog. METHODS A 10-year-old, neutered male Golden Retriever developed repeated stenosis of the nares, at first after bilateral rostral maxillectomy and nasal planum resection, and again after revision surgery. Bilateral, superior labial mucosal transposition flaps were created and interpolated between the nasal mucosa and skin after debridement of scar tissue. RESULTS The stenosis did not recur after mucosal flap transposition and the dog returned to normal quality of life (last follow-up 25 months postoperative). CONCLUSION Single-stage, superior labial mucosal transposition flaps can be used to correct nares stenosis subsequent to previous surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Séguin
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Julia R Steinke
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Marley K, Helfand SC, Simpson J, Mata JE, Tracewell WG, Brownlee L, Bracha S, Séguin B. Pharmacokinetic study and evaluation of the safety of taurolidine for dogs with osteosarcoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2013; 32:74. [PMID: 24422857 PMCID: PMC3852505 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-32-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma in dogs and humans share many similarities and the dog has been described as an excellent model to study this disease. The median survival in dogs has not improved in the last 25 years. Taurolidine has been shown to be cytotoxic to canine and human osteosarcoma in vitro. The goals of this study were to determine the pharmacokinetics and safety of taurolidine in healthy dogs and the safety of taurolidine in combination with doxorubicin or carboplatin in dogs with osteosarcoma. Methods Two percent taurolidine was infused into six healthy dogs (150 mg/kg) over a period of two hours and blood samples were taken periodically. One dog received taurolidine with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as its carrier and later received PVP-free taurolidine as did all other dogs in this study. Serum taurolidine concentrations were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) online coupled to ESI-MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Subsequently, the same dose of taurolidine was infused to seven dogs with osteosarcoma also treated with doxorubicin or carboplatin. Results Taurolidine infusion was safe in 6 healthy dogs and there were no significant side effects. Maximum taurolidine serum concentrations ranged between 229 to 646 μM. The dog that received taurolidine with PVP had an immediate allergic reaction but recovered fully after the infusion was stopped. Three additional dogs with osteosarcoma received doxorubicin and taurolidine without PVP. Toxicities included dilated cardiomyopathy, protein-losing nephropathy, renal insufficiency and vasculopathy at the injection site. One dog was switched to carboplatin instead of doxorubicin and an additional 4 dogs with osteosarcoma received taurolidine-carboplatin combination. One incidence of ototoxicity occurred with the taurolidine- carboplatin combination. Bone marrow and gastro-intestinal toxicity did not appear increased with taurolidine over doxorubicin or carboplatin alone. Conclusions Taurolidine did not substantially exacerbate bone marrow or gastro-intestinal toxicity however, it is possible that taurolidine increased other toxicities of doxorubicin and carboplatin. Administering taurolidine in combination with 30 mg/m2 doxorubicin in dogs is not recommended but taurolidine in combination with carboplatin (300 mg/m2) appears safe.
Collapse
|
26
|
Davis LE, Hofmann NE, Li G, Huang ET, Loriaux MM, Bracha S, Helfand SC, Mata JE, Marley K, Mansoor A, Tyner JW, Abraham J, Séguin B, Keller C. A case study of personalized therapy for osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60:1313-9. [PMID: 23526721 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective targeted therapies are needed in sarcomas, but the biological heterogeneity of these tumors has presented a challenge to clinical integration of small molecule inhibitors in sarcoma treatment. Here we outline a process to personalize therapy for sarcomas through a case study of a canine with spontaneous osteosarcoma. PROCEDURE Rapid establishment of a primary tumor cell culture is described, followed by efficient functional characterization of the tumor that identified the Src inhibitor dasatinib as the most effective targeted therapy for this individual dog. RESULTS Adjuvant dasatinib was administered for a total of 26 weeks following treatment with chemotherapy. Pharmacokinetic studies confirm that a therapeutic serum concentration was achieved at a tolerable dose of 0.75 mg/kg/day. The canine patient remains without evidence of recurrent disease 24 months following initial diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The approach described through this illustrative case study is broadly applicable and might be used for other solid tumors in canines as well as in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara E Davis
- Pediatric Cancer Biology Program, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 80523-1620, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Berlow N, Davis LE, Cantor EL, Séguin B, Keller C, Pal R. A new approach for prediction of tumor sensitivity to targeted drugs based on functional data. BMC Bioinformatics 2013; 14:239. [PMID: 23890326 PMCID: PMC3750584 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-14-239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The success of targeted anti-cancer drugs are frequently hindered by the lack of knowledge of the individual pathway of the patient and the extreme data requirements on the estimation of the personalized genetic network of the patient’s tumor. The prediction of tumor sensitivity to targeted drugs remains a major challenge in the design of optimal therapeutic strategies. The current sensitivity prediction approaches are primarily based on genetic characterizations of the tumor sample. We propose a novel sensitivity prediction approach based on functional perturbation data that incorporates the drug protein interaction information and sensitivities to a training set of drugs with known targets. Results We illustrate the high prediction accuracy of our framework on synthetic data generated from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and an experimental dataset of four canine osteosarcoma tumor cultures following application of 60 targeted small-molecule drugs. We achieve a low leave one out cross validation error of <10% for the canine osteosarcoma tumor cultures using a drug screen consisting of 60 targeted drugs. Conclusions The proposed framework provides a unique input-output based methodology to model a cancer pathway and predict the effectiveness of targeted anti-cancer drugs. This framework can be developed as a viable approach for personalized cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noah Berlow
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Marley K, Helfand SC, Edris WA, Mata JE, Gitelman AI, Medlock J, Séguin B. The effects of taurolidine alone and in combination with doxorubicin or carboplatin in canine osteosarcoma in vitro. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:15. [PMID: 23331343 PMCID: PMC3551657 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) affects over 8000 dogs/year in the United States. The disease usually arises in the appendicular skeleton and metastasizes to the lung. Dogs with localized appendicular disease benefit from limb amputation and chemotherapy but most die within 6–12 months despite these treatments. Taurolidine, a derivative of taurine, has anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects against a variety of cancers. The following in vitro studies tested taurolidine as a candidate for adjuvant therapy for canine OS. Tests for p53 protein status and caspase activity were used to elucidate mechanisms of taurolidine-induced cell death. Results Taurolidine was cytotoxic to osteosarcoma cells and increased the toxicity of doxorubicin and carboplatin in vitro. Apoptosis was greatly induced in cells exposed to 125 μM taurolidine and less so in cells exposed to 250 μM taurolidine. Taurolidine cytotoxicity appeared caspase-dependent in one cell line; with apparent mutant p53 protein. This cell line was the most sensitive to single agent taurolidine treatment and had a taurolidine-dependent reduction in accumulated p53 protein suggesting taurolidine’s effects may depend on the functional status of p53 in canine OS. Conclusion Taurolidine’s cytotoxic effect appears dependent on cell specific factors which may be explained, in part, by the functional status of p53. Taurolidine initiates apoptosis in canine OS cells and this occurs to a greater extent at lower concentrations. Mechanisms of cell death induced by higher concentrations were not elucidated here. Taurolidine combined with doxorubicin or carboplatin can increase the toxicity of these chemotherapy drugs and warrants further investigation in dogs with osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Marley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Youmans L, Taylor C, Shin E, Harrell A, Ellis AE, Séguin B, Ji X, Zhao S. Frequent alteration of the tumor suppressor gene APC in sporadic canine colorectal tumors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50813. [PMID: 23251390 PMCID: PMC3519478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic canine colorectal cancers (CRCs) should make excellent models for studying the corresponding human cancers. To molecularly characterize canine CRC, we investigated exonic sequence mutations of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), the best known tumor suppressor gene of human CRC, in 23 sporadic canine colorectal tumors, including 8 adenomas and 15 adenocarcinomas, via exon-resequencing analysis. As a comparison, we also performed the same sequencing analysis on 10 other genes, either located at human 5q22 (the same locus as APC) or 18q21 (also frequently altered in human CRC), or known to play a role in human carcinogenesis. We noted that APC was the most significantly mutated gene in both canine adenomas and adenocarcinomas among the 11 genes examined. Significantly, we detected large deletions of ≥10 bases, many clustered near the mutation cluster region, as well as single or two base deletions in ∼70% canine tumors of both subtypes. These observations indicate that like in the human, APC is also frequently altered in sporadic colorectal tumors in the dog and its alteration is an early event in canine colorectal tumorigenesis. Our study provides further evidence demonstrating the molecular similarity in pathogenesis between sporadic human and canine CRCs. This work, along with our previous copy number abnormality study, supports that sporadic canine CRCs are valid models of human CRCs at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Youmans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Edwin Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Adrienne Harrell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Angela E. Ellis
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Bernard Séguin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Xinglai Ji
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources & Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaying Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Elena Gorman M, Bildfell R, Séguin B. What is your diagnosis? Peritoneal fluid from a 1-year-old female German Shepherd dog. Malignant teratoma. Vet Clin Pathol 2010; 39:393-4. [PMID: 20561318 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2010.00234.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Elena Gorman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Séguin B, Zwerdling T, McCallan JL, DeCock HEV, Dewe LL, Naydan DK, Young AE, Bannasch DL, Foreman O, Kent MS. Development of a new canine osteosarcoma cell line. Vet Comp Oncol 2009; 4:232-40. [PMID: 19754807 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2006.00112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Establishing a canine osteosarcoma (OSA) cell line can be useful to develop in vivo and in vitro models of OSA. The goal of this study was to develop, characterize and authenticate a new canine OSA cell line and a clone. A cell line and a clone were developed with standard cell culture techniques from a naturally occurring OSA in a dog. The clonal cell line induced a tumour after injection in RAG 1-deficient mouse. Histology was consistent with OSA. The original tumour from the dog and the tumour induced in the mouse were both reactive with vimentin and osteonectin (ON). The parent cell line and clonal cell line were reactive with ON, osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase. Loss of heterozygosity was found in the same three microsatellite markers in the parent and clonal cell lines, and the tumour tissue grown in the mouse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Séguin
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Simpson JM, Séguin B, Gitelman AI. Effects of topical application of taurolidine on second intention healing of experimentally induced wounds in rats. Am J Vet Res 2008; 69:1210-6. [PMID: 18764696 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.69.9.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the macroscopic effects of topical application of taurolidine on second intention healing of experimentally induced wounds in rats. ANIMALS 32 adult Sprague-Dawley female rats. PROCEDURES In each rat, 2 skin wounds were created in the lumbar area. Groups of 7 rats were assigned to have 1 wound treated topically with hydroxycellulose gel (HDCG), 2% taurolidine in HDCG (T-HDCG), 2% taurolidine-sodium citrate solution, or bacitracin-neomycin-polymyxin B ointment; the other wound was not treated. Four control rats (8 untreated wounds) were used. Wounds were monitored for contraction, epithelialization, and complete healing at 4, 8, and 14 days after wound creation. The number of days to complete healing was also recorded for each wound. RESULTS Compared with other treatments or untreated wounds, wounds treated with T-HDCG had decreased total healing at day 8 and decreased epithelialization and decreased total healing at day 14. Wounds treated with T-HDCG required approximately 3 days longer to completely heal than all other treated and untreated wounds. Application of bacitracinneomycin-polymyxin B ointment did not enhance wound healing. Mean time to complete healing of untreated wounds in all treatment and control groups was 10.00 to 10.14 days. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In rats, topical application of T-HDCG to wounds had a negative effect on second intention healing by delaying the epithelialization process. In mammals, generally, wounds treated topically with taurolidine may need to be treated and monitored for a longer period than other wounds treated with other common woundhealing compounds or untreated wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Simpson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Singer PA, Court EB, Bhatt A, Frew SE, Greenwood H, Persad DL, Salamanca-Buentello F, Séguin B, Taylor AD, Daer HT, Daar AS. Applying genomics-related technologies for Africa's health needs. Afr J Med Med Sci 2007; 36 Suppl:7-14. [PMID: 17703557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
While the past century has seen significant improvement in life expectancies in the developed world, it has also witnessed diseases like HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis ravage populations in the developing world. In some Sub-Saharan African countries, life expectancies have plummeted to less than 40 years--nearly half of those in developed countries. Unequal access to the benefits of science and technology, including medical advances, exacerbate this disparity. In order to address the challenge of global health inequities and strengthen the role of science and technology innovation in contributing to real solutions, the Canadian Program on Genomics and Global health (CPGGH), based at the University of Toronto, has identified three guiding questions: Which genomics-related technologies are most likely to improve the health of people in developing countries?; How can developing countries harness these technologies for health development?; and What can industrialized countries do to assist developing countries?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P A Singer
- University of Toronto Joint Centre for Bioethics, Toronto, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Séguin B, Besancon MF, McCallan JL, Dewe LL, Tenwolde MC, Wong EK, Kent MS. Recurrence rate, clinical outcome, and cellular proliferation indices as prognostic indicators after incomplete surgical excision of cutaneous grade II mast cell tumors: 28 dogs (1994-2002). J Vet Intern Med 2006; 20:933-40. [PMID: 16955819 DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(2006)20[933:rrcoac]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine local recurrence rate, clinical outcome, and prognostic value of the number of argyrophylic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs), presence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and number of Ki-67-positive nuclei after incomplete surgical excision of canine cutaneous grade II mast cell tumors (MCTs). This retrospective study included 30 MCTs in 28 dogs. Medical records were examined and follow-up information was obtained from owners and referring veterinarians. Only cases in which excision was incomplete and no anvcillary therapy (other than prednisone) for MCT was given were included. Paraffin-embedded tumor tissues were retrieved for AgNORs, PCNA, and Ki-67 staining. Median follow-up time was 811.5 days. Seven (23.3%) tumors recurred locally. Median time to local recurrence was not reached with a mean of 1,713 days. The estimated proportions of tumors that recurred locally at 1, 2, and 5 years were 17.3, 22.1, and 33.3%, respectively. Eleven (39.3%) dogs developed MCTs at other cutaneous locations. Median progression-free survival was 1,044 days. Median overall survival was 1,426 days. The combination of Ki-67 and PCNA scores was prognostic for local recurrence (P = .03) and development of local recurrence was prognostic for decreased overall survival (P = .04). Results suggest that a minority of incompletely excised MCTs recur. Therefore, ancillary local therapies may not always be necessary. However, local recurrence can negatively affect survival of the affected dogs. Cellular proliferation indices may indicate the likelihood of MCT recurrence after incomplete excision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Séguin
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Séguin B, Besancon MF, McCallan JL, Dewe LL, Tenwolde MC, Wong EK, Kent MS. Recurrence Rate, Clinical Outcome, and Cellular Proliferation: Indices as Prognostic Indicators after Incomplete Surgical Excision of Cutaneous Grade II Mast Cell Tumors: 28 Dogs (1994-2002). J Vet Intern Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb01808.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
|
37
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical outcome and factors affecting cutaneous or mucosal flaps in dogs treated with radiation therapy (RT). STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal clinical study. ANIMALS Twenty-six client-owned dogs. METHODS Dogs entered in the study had a flapping procedure and RT as part of their treatment. The sequence of flapping and RT included: (1) planned preoperative RT, (2) postoperative RT, and (3) flapping as a salvage procedure for management of complications or local tumor recurrence after RT. Flap complications were defined as necrosis, local infection, dehiscence, and ulceration. The risk and severity of flap complication were analyzed independently. RESULTS Twenty (77%) dogs had a complication; 6 dogs required an additional flapping procedure; and 4 dogs had an unresolved complication. Flapping procedures performed to correct a complication, or failure of RT, had a significantly greater risk for complication; however, postoperative RT decreased the severity of complication. A dose per fraction of 4 Gy compared with 3 Gy was prognostic for increased severity of complications, whereas the head and neck location was prognostic for decreased severity of complication. CONCLUSIONS Although morbidity was substantial, cutaneous or mucosal flaps were used successfully in an RT field in 85% of the dogs. Flaps that were part of the planned therapy as opposed to those used to correct a complication or failure of RT had a better clinical outcome. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cutaneous or mucosal flaps can be part of the treatment of dogs with tumor when adjuvant or neoadjuvant RT is to be used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Séguin
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences and Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Reimer SB, Séguin B, DeCock HE, Walsh PJ, Kass PH. Evaluation of the effect of routine histologic processing on the size of skin samples obtained from dogs. Am J Vet Res 2005; 66:500-5. [PMID: 15822596 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects that routine histologic processing has on the dimensions of samples of normal skin of dogs and assess whether the inclusion of a muscle or fascial layer in such samples alters those effects. SAMPLE POPULATION Skin samples obtained from 6 medium-sized adult dogs with grossly normal skin. PROCEDURE From each dog, skin samples (with or without underlying fascia or muscle) were obtained from 3 sites bilaterally (6 samples/dog) and processed routinely for histologic evaluation; their dimensions were measured at intervals during the experiment. RESULTS As a result of processing, skin samples decreased in size (combined percentage change in length and width) and increased in thickness, compared with their original dimensions. Samples without fascia or muscle decreased in size by 21.1% to 32.0% and increased in thickness by 45.1 % to 75.8%. The site of sample origin influenced processing-associated changes in sample size but did not affect the change in thickness. Decreases in dimensions did not vary with inclusion of fascia but did vary with inclusion of muscle. The change in thickness did not vary with inclusion of a layer of fascia or muscle. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Processing of skin samples obtained from dogs for histologic evaluation can cause changes in sample dimensions; samples may decrease in length and width by as much as 32% and increase in thickness by 75.8%, compared with their original dimensions. The presence of muscle in canine skin samples can restrict the amount of shrinkage in length or width associated with processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Brent Reimer
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pooya HA, Séguin B, Mason DR, Walsh PJ, Taylor KT, Kass PH, Stover SM. Biomechanical Comparison of Cortical Radial Graft versus Ulnar Transposition Graft Limb-Sparing Techniques for the Distal Radial Site in Dogs. Vet Surg 2004; 33:301-8. [PMID: 15230831 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2004.04044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the biomechanical properties of radial graft (RG) versus ulnar transposition graft (UTG) limb-sparing techniques in the dog. STUDY DESIGN Cadaveric study. ANIMALS Six pairs of normal canine thoracic limbs. METHODS In each pair of limbs, 1 limb was subjected to the RG technique and the other to the UTG technique. Limbs were tested in axial loading until failure. Modes of failure and biomechanical properties were compared between the 2 groups. Percent coverage of the metacarpal bone by the plate was retrospectively compared between the limbs that failed by fracture of the metacarpal bones and those that did not. RESULTS RG limbs had significantly greater stiffness, yield load, maximum load, maximum energy, and post-yield energy. All UTG limbs failed by cranial bending of the plate. Half of the RG limbs failed by caudal bending of the plate and half by fracture of the third metacarpal bone at the distal end of the plate. Limbs with <80% plate coverage of the metacarpal bone were significantly more likely to fail by metacarpal fracture. CONCLUSIONS The RG technique was biomechanically superior to the UTG technique under the conditions studied. At least 80% plate coverage of the metacarpal bone should be achieved. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Exercise restriction and coaptation bandages should be considered for patients undergoing the UTG technique to minimize potential biomechanical complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hooman A Pooya
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences and the J.D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Séguin B, Walsh PJ, Mason DR, Wisner ER, Parmenter JL, Dernell WS. Use of an ipsilateral vascularized ulnar transposition autograft for limb-sparing surgery of the distal radius in dogs: an anatomic and clinical study. Vet Surg 2003; 32:69-79. [PMID: 12520492 DOI: 10.1053/jvet.2003.50004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a surgical technique for using the distal aspect of the ulna as a transposition autograft in a distal radial defect and to assess patency of vascular supply and viability of the distal ulna in a heterotopic position. STUDY DESIGN Cadaveric study and clinical cases. ANIMALS Twenty-two normal canine thoracic limbs; 3 dogs with distal radial osteosarcoma. METHODS The arteries and veins of 12 limbs were injected with latex. Barium sulfate suspension was injected into the brachial artery of 10 other limbs after removal of the distal radius only (n = 2), ulna transposition (UT) (n = 6), or no procedure (n = 2). The distal ulna grafts were then harvested and decalcified in formic acid. The grafts were cut into 3-5 mm transverse sections and radiographed with a nonscreen film system to determine filling of intramedullary vessels with barium suspension. UT was performed in 3 dogs with distal radial osteosarcoma. Bone scintigraphy was performed 2-7 days after surgery to assess viability of the transposed ulna graft. RESULTS Angiography confirmed patency of the caudal interosseous artery in all but 2 limbs in which the UT technique was performed; however, barium-filled vessels were identified in the medullary cavity of all ulnar grafts. Scintigraphy confirmed graft viability in the 3 dogs, all of which had good to excellent limb function. CONCLUSIONS The distal aspect of the canine ulna can be used as a vascularized transposition autograft to replace distal radial defects, and viability can be maintained. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The UT technique appears to be an acceptable limb-sparing technique for dogs with tumors of the distal aspect of the radius.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Séguin
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences and the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Feline injection-site sarcomas have mostly been associated with the administration of vaccines. Although the pathogenesis remains largely unknown, it is believed that the inflammatory reaction caused from the injection of the compound leads to uncontrolled proliferation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts that in a subset of cats undergo malignant transformation. Pretreatment evaluation and proper planning of the therapy are essential. Because of the aggressive nature of these tumors, a multimodality treatment approach is being recommended. A combination of surgery and radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy appears to be providing the best prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Séguin
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, 2112 Tupper Hall, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Feline injection site sarcomas have mostly been associated with the administration of vaccines. Although the pathogenesis remains largely unknown, it is believed the inflammatory reaction caused by the injection of the compound leads to uncontrolled proliferation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts that may undergo malignant transformation in a subset of cats. Pretreatment evaluation and proper planning of therapy are essential. Currently, because of the aggressive nature of these tumors, a multimodality treatment approach is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Séguin
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, 2112 Tupper Hall, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Séguin B, Leibman NF, Bregazzi VS, Ogilvie GK, Powers BE, Dernell WS, Fettman MJ, Withrow SJ. Clinical outcome of dogs with grade-II mast cell tumors treated with surgery alone: 55 cases (1996-1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001; 218:1120-3. [PMID: 11318363 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2001.218.1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine outcome for dogs with grade-II mast cell tumors treated with surgery alone. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS 55 dogs. PROCEDURES Medical records were examined, and signalment; location and size of tumor; staging status; dates of local recurrence, metastasis, death, or last follow-up examination; status of surgical margins; previous surgery; postoperative complications; and cause of death were recorded. Follow-up information was obtained via reexamination or telephone conversations with owners or referring veterinarians. Univariate analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors. RESULTS 60 tumors in 55 dogs were included. Median follow-up time was 540 days. Three (5%) mast cell tumors recurred locally; median time to local recurrence was 62 days. Six (11%) dogs developed another mast cell tumor at a different cutaneous location; median time to a different location was 240 days. Three (5%) dogs developed metastases; median time to metastasis was 158 days. Fourteen dogs died; 3 deaths were related to mast cell tumor, and 7 were unrelated. The relationship with mast cell tumor was not known for 4. Median survival times were 151, 841, and 827 days, respectively, for these 3 groups. Forty-six (84%) dogs were free of mast cell tumors during the study period. A reliable prognostic factor could not be identified. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that additional local treatment may not be required after complete excision of grade-II mast cell tumors and that most dogs do not require systemic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Séguin
- Comparative Oncology Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Séguin B, Staffa A, Cochrane A. Control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA metabolism: role of splice sites and intron sequences in unspliced viral RNA subcellular distribution. J Virol 1998; 72:9503-13. [PMID: 9811683 PMCID: PMC110448 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.72.12.9503-9513.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the course of examining the various factors which affect the metabolism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA, we examined the role of intron sequences and splice sites in determining the subcellular distribution of the RNA. Using in situ hybridization, we demonstrated that in the absence of Rev, unspliced RNA generated with an HIV-1 env expression construct displayed discrete localization in the nucleus, coincident with the location of the gene and not associated with SC35-containing nuclear speckles. Expression of Rev resulted in a disperse signal for the unspliced RNA throughout both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Subsequent fractionation of the nucleus revealed that the majority of unspliced viral RNA within the nucleus is associated with the nuclear matrix and that upon expression of Rev, a small proportion of the unspliced RNA is found within the nucleoplasm. Mutations which altered splice site utilization did not alter the sequestration of unspliced RNA into discrete nuclear regions. In contrast, a 2.2-kb deletion of intron sequence resulted in a shift from discrete regions within the nucleus to a disperse signal throughout the cell, indicating that intron sequences, and not just splice sites, are required for the observed nuclear sequestration of unspliced viral RNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Séguin
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1 A8, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
De Guise S, Bisaillon A, Séguin B, Lagacé A. The anatomy of the male genital system of the beluga whale, Delphinapterus leucas, with special reference to the penis. Anat Histol Embryol 1994; 23:207-16. [PMID: 7864394 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.1994.tb00469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The genital organs of four male adult beluga whales and one newborn animal were dissected and the main characteristics are described. As in other species of cetaceans, the testes and the greatest part of the penis are located inside the abdominal cavity. The penis has a sigmoid flexure and belongs to the fibroelastic type with a thick tunica albuginea and a small amount of vascular spaces in the erectile tissue. The prostate gland, found in other cetaceans, was not seen macroscopically, but only small prostate rudiments could be identified histologically. The os penis and the other accessory glands are absent as in other whales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S De Guise
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Qué., Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|