1
|
Tobi M, Weinstein D, Kim M, Hatfield J, Sochacki P, Levi E, An T, Hamre M, Tolia V, Fligiel S, Marepally R, Hallman J, Bapat B, Yuan M, McVicker B, Gallinger S. Helicobacter pylori Status May Differentiate Two Distinct Pathways of Gastric Adenocarcinoma Carcinogenesis. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:7950-7963. [PMID: 37754493 PMCID: PMC10527591 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30090578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the phenotype of sporadic gastric cancer based on HP status and binding of a tumor risk marker monoclonal, Adnab-9. METHODS We compared a familial GC kindred with an extremely aggressive phenotype to HP-positive (HP+) and -negative (HP-) sporadic gastric adenocarcinoma (GC) patients in the same community to determine if similar phenotypes exist. This might facilitate gene discovery to understand the pathogenesis of aggressive GC phenotypes, particularly with publications implicating immune-related gene-based signatures, and the development of techniques to gauge the stance of the innate immune system (InImS), such as the FERAD ratio (blood ferritin:fecal Adnab-9 binding OD-background binding). Resection specimens for the sporadic and familial group were stained for HP and examined for intestinal metaplasia (IM) and immunostaining for Adnab-9. Familial kindred specimens were also tested for the E-cadherin mutation and APC (adenomatous polyposis coli). Survival was evaluated. RESULTS Of 40 GC patients, 25% were HP+ with a greater proportion of intestinal metaplasia (IM) and gastric atrophy than the HP- group. The proband of the familial GC kindred, a 32-year-old mother with fatal GC, was survived by 13-year-old identical twins. Twin #1 was HP- with IM and Twin #2 was HP+. Both twins subsequently died of GC within two years. The twins did not have APC or E-cadherin mutations. The mean overall survival in the HP+ sporadic GC group was 2.47 ± 2.58 years and was 0.57 ± 0.60 years in the HP- group (p = 0.01). Survival in the kindred was 0.22 ± 0.24 years. Adnab-9 labeling was positive in fixed tissues of 50% of non-familial GC patients and in gastric tissue extract from Twin #2. The FERAD ratio was determined separately in six prospectively followed patient groups (n = 458) and was significantly lower in the gastric cancer patients (n = 10) and patients with stomach conditions predisposing them to GC (n = 214), compared to controls (n = 234 patients at increased risk for colorectal cancer but without cancer), suggesting a failure of the InImS. CONCLUSION The HP+ sporadic GC group appears to proceed through a sequence of HP infection, IM and atrophy before cancer supervenes, and the HP- phenotype appear to omit this sequence. The familial cases may represent a subset with both features, but the natural history strongly resembles that of the HP- group. Two different paths of carcinogenesis may exist locally for sporadic GC. The InImS may also be implicated in prognosis. Identifying these patients will allow for treatment stratification and early diagnosis to improve GC survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tobi
- Department of Research and Development, John D. Dingell VAMC, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Douglas Weinstein
- Capital Health Medical Group, 2 Capital Way, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Mijin Kim
- Gastroenterology Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James Hatfield
- Department of Pathology, John D. Dingell VAMC, Detroit, MI 48201, USA (S.F.)
| | - Paula Sochacki
- Department of Pathology, John D. Dingell VAMC, Detroit, MI 48201, USA (S.F.)
| | - Edi Levi
- Gastroenterology Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Teisa An
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Merlin Hamre
- Department Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Vasundhara Tolia
- Department Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Suzanne Fligiel
- Department of Pathology, John D. Dingell VAMC, Detroit, MI 48201, USA (S.F.)
| | - Rama Marepally
- Department of Research and Development, John D. Dingell VAMC, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jason Hallman
- Department of Research and Development, John D. Dingell VAMC, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Department of Medicine, Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON N5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Mei Yuan
- Division of General Surgery, Institute of Basic Medical Science of PLA Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | | | - Steven Gallinger
- Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgical Oncology Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
R Peter M, Bilenky M, Shi Y, Pu J, Kamdar S, R Hansen A, E Fleshner N, S Sridhar S, M Joshua A, Hirst M, Xu W, Bapat B. A novel methylated cell-free DNA marker panel to monitor treatment response in metastatic prostate cancer. Epigenomics 2022; 14:811-822. [PMID: 35818933 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study examined circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) biomarkers associated with androgen treatment resistance in metastatic castration resistance prostate cancer (mCRPC). Materials & methods: We designed a panel of nine candidate cfDNA methylation markers using droplet digital PCR (Methyl-ddPCR) and assessed methylation levels in sequentially collected cfDNA samples from patients with mCRPC. Results: Increased cfDNA methylation in eight out of nine markers during androgen-targeted treatment correlated with a faster time to clinical progression. Cox proportional hazards modeling and logistic regression analysis further confirmed that higher cfDNA methylation during treatment was significantly associated with clinical progression. Conclusion: Overall, our findings have revealed a novel methylated cfDNA marker panel that could aid in the clinical management of metastatic prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madonna R Peter
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Misha Bilenky
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Science Center, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Yuliang Shi
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Jiajie Pu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Shivani Kamdar
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Srikala S Sridhar
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Anthony M Joshua
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada.,Department of Medical Oncology, Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Martin Hirst
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Science Center, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology & Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peter MR, Zhao F, Jeyapala R, Kamdar S, Xu W, Hawkins C, Evans AJ, Fleshner NE, Finelli A, Bapat B. Investigating Urinary Circular RNA Biomarkers for Improved Detection of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 11:814228. [PMID: 35174071 PMCID: PMC8841801 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.814228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) are usually asymptomatic until late stages, posing several challenges for early detection of malignant disease. Non-invasive liquid biopsy biomarkers are emerging as an important diagnostic tool which could aid with routine screening of RCCs. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel non-coding RNAs that play diverse roles in carcinogenesis. They are promising biomarkers due to their stability and ease of detection in small quantities from non-invasive sources such as urine. In this study, we analyzed the expression of various circRNAs that were previously identified in RCC tumors (circEGLN3, circABCB10, circSOD2 and circACAD11) in urinary sediment samples from non-neoplastic controls, patients with benign renal tumors, and clear cell RCC (ccRCC) patients. We observed significantly reduced levels of circEGLN3 and circSOD2 in urine from ccRCC patients compared to healthy controls. We also assessed the linear variant of EGLN3 and found differential expression between patients with benign tumors compared to ccRCC patients. These findings highlight the potential of circRNA markers as non-invasive diagnostic tools to detect malignant RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madonna R. Peter
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fang Zhao
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Renu Jeyapala
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shivani Kamdar
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Evans
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackenzie Health, Richmond Hill, ON, Canada
| | - Neil E. Fleshner
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Antonio Finelli
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Bharati Bapat,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jeyapala R, Kamdar S, Olkhov-Mitsel E, Zlotta A, Fleshner N, Visakorpi T, van der Kwast T, Bapat B. Combining CAPRA-S with tumor IDC/C features improves the prognostication of biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer patients. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2022; 20:e217-e226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
5
|
Mandal S, Gopal R, Srinivas H, D'Elia A, Sen A, Sen S, Richter R, Coreno M, Bapat B, Mudrich M, Sharma V, Krishnan SR. Coincident angle-resolved state-selective photoelectron spectroscopy of acetylene molecules: a candidate system for time-resolved dynamics. Faraday Discuss 2021; 228:242-265. [PMID: 33687396 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00120a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The acetylene-vinylidene system serves as a benchmark for investigations of ultrafast dynamical processes where the coupling of the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom provides a fertile playground to explore the femto- and sub-femto-second physics with coherent extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) photon sources both on the table-top as well as free-electron lasers. We focus on detailed investigations of this molecular system in the photon energy range 19-40 eV where EUV pulses can probe the dynamics effectively. We employ photoelectron-photoion coincidence (PEPICO) spectroscopy to uncover hitherto unrevealed aspects of this system. In this work, the role of excited states of the C2H2+ cation, the primary photoion, is specifically addressed. From photoelectron energy spectra and angular distributions, the nature of the dissociation and isomerization channels is discerned. Exploiting the 4π-collection geometry of the velocity map imaging spectrometer, we not only probe pathways where the efficiency of photoionization is inherently high but also perform PEPICO spectroscopy on relatively weak channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mandal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - R Gopal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500107, India
| | - H Srinivas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A D'Elia
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza SS-14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Sen
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - S Sen
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, India.
| | - R Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - M Coreno
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), 34149 Trieste, Italy and INFN-LNF, via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - B Bapat
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - M Mudrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark and Department of Physics, QuCenDiEm-Group, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| | - V Sharma
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, India.
| | - S R Krishnan
- Department of Physics, QuCenDiEm-Group, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kamdar S, Fleshner NE, Bapat B. A 38-gene model comprised of key TET2-associated genes shows additive utility to high-risk prostate cancer cases in the prognostication of biochemical recurrence. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:953. [PMID: 33008340 PMCID: PMC7530956 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early treatment of patients at risk for developing aggressive prostate cancer is able to delay metastasis and reduce mortality; as such, up-front identification of these patients is critical. Several risk classification systems, including CAPRA-S, are currently used for disease prognostication. However, high-risk patients identified by these systems can still exhibit wide-ranging disease outcomes, leading to overtreatment of some patients in this group. METHODS The master methylation regulator TET2 is downregulated in prostate cancer, where its loss is linked to aggressive disease and poor outcome. Using a random forest strategy, we developed a model based on the expression of 38 genes associated with TET2 utilizing 100 radical prostatectomy samples (training cohort) with a 49% biochemical recurrence rate. This 38-gene model was comprised of both upregulated and downregulated TET2-associated genes with a binary outcome, and was further assessed in an independent validation (n = 423) dataset for association with biochemical recurrence. RESULTS 38-gene model status was able to correctly identify patients exhibiting recurrence with 81.4% sensitivity in the validation cohort, and added significant prognostic utility to the high-risk CAPRA-S classification group. Patients considered high-risk by CAPRA-S with negative 38-gene model status exhibited no statistically significant difference in time to recurrence from low-risk CAPRA-S patients, indicating that the expression of TET2-associated genes is able to separate truly high-risk cases from those which have a more benign disease course. CONCLUSIONS The 38-gene model may hold potential in determining which patients would truly benefit from aggressive treatment course, demonstrating a novel role for genes linked to TET2 in the prognostication of PCa and indicating the importance of TET2 dysregulation among high-risk patient groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Kamdar
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building (6th floor), 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Division of Urology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 190 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building (6th floor), 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Division of Urology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 190 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jeon J, Olkhov-Mitsel E, Xie H, Yao CQ, Zhao F, Jahangiri S, Cuizon C, Scarcello S, Jeyapala R, Watson JD, Fraser M, Ray J, Commisso K, Loblaw A, Fleshner NE, Bristow RG, Downes M, Vesprini D, Liu S, Bapat B, Boutros PC. Temporal Stability and Prognostic Biomarker Potential of the Prostate Cancer Urine miRNA Transcriptome. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 112:247-255. [PMID: 31161221 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of noninvasive tests for the early detection of aggressive prostate tumors is a major unmet clinical need. miRNAs are promising noninvasive biomarkers: they play essential roles in tumorigenesis, are stable under diverse analytical conditions, and can be detected in body fluids. METHODS We measured the longitudinal stability of 673 miRNAs by collecting serial urine samples from 10 patients with localized prostate cancer. We then measured temporally stable miRNAs in an independent training cohort (n = 99) and created a biomarker predictive of Gleason grade using machine-learning techniques. Finally, we validated this biomarker in an independent validation cohort (n = 40). RESULTS We found that each individual has a specific urine miRNA fingerprint. These fingerprints are temporally stable and associated with specific biological functions. We identified seven miRNAs that were stable over time within individual patients and integrated them with machine-learning techniques to create a novel biomarker for prostate cancer that overcomes interindividual variability. Our urine biomarker robustly identified high-risk patients and achieved similar accuracy as tissue-based prognostic markers (area under the receiver operating characteristic = 0.72, 95% confidence interval = 0.69 to 0.76 in the training cohort, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.74, 95% confidence interval = 0.55 to 0.92 in the validation cohort). CONCLUSIONS These data highlight the importance of quantifying intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity in biomarker development. This noninvasive biomarker may usefully supplement invasive or expensive radiologic- and tissue-based assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jouhyun Jeon
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Honglei Xie
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cindy Q Yao
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fang Zhao
- Lunenfeld-Tannenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sahar Jahangiri
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook-Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carmelle Cuizon
- Lunenfeld-Tannenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Seville Scarcello
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook-Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Renu Jeyapala
- Lunenfeld-Tannenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John D Watson
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Fraser
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Ray
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook-Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kristina Commisso
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook-Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Loblaw
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook-Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert G Bristow
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Danny Vesprini
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook-Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stanley Liu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook-Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Lunenfeld-Tannenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Broad Stem Cell Research Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Peter MR, Bilenky M, Isserlin R, Bader GD, Shen SY, De Carvalho DD, Hansen AR, Hu P, Fleshner NE, Joshua AM, Hirst M, Bapat B. Dynamics of the cell-free DNA methylome of metastatic prostate cancer during androgen-targeting treatment. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1317-1332. [PMID: 32867540 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We examined methylation changes in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) during treatment. Patients & methods: Genome-wide methylation analysis of sequentially collected cfDNA samples derived from mCRPC patients undergoing androgen-targeting therapy was performed. Results: Alterations in methylation states of genes previously implicated in prostate cancer progression were observed and patients that maintained methylation changes throughout therapy tended to have a longer time to clinical progression. Importantly, we also report that markers associated with a highly aggressive form of the disease, neuroendocrine-CRPC, were associated with a faster time to clinical progression. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the potential of monitoring the cfDNA methylome during therapy in mCRPC, which may serve as predictive markers of response to androgen-targeting agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madonna R Peter
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Misha Bilenky
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Science Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Ruth Isserlin
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Shu Yi Shen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Daniel D De Carvalho
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Pingzhao Hu
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3N4, Canada
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Anthony M Joshua
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada.,Department of Medical Oncology, Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Martin Hirst
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Science Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hoey C, Jeyapala R, Boutros PC, Bapat B, Liu SK. Urinary biomarkers in prostate cancer: to the miRnome and beyond. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:843-845. [PMID: 32420197 PMCID: PMC7214960 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2019.11.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christianne Hoey
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Sunnybrook-Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Renu Jeyapala
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Division of Urology, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stanley K Liu
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Sunnybrook-Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mandal S, Gopal R, Shcherbinin M, D'Elia A, Srinivas H, Richter R, Coreno M, Bapat B, Mudrich M, Krishnan SR, Sharma V. Penning spectroscopy and structure of acetylene oligomers in He nanodroplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10149-10157. [PMID: 32347252 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00689k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Embedded atoms or molecules in a photoexcited He nanodroplet are well-known to be ionized through inter-atomic relaxation in a Penning process. In this work, we investigate the Penning ionization of acetylene oligomers occurring from the photoexcitation bands of He nanodroplets. In close analogy to conventional Penning electron spectroscopy by thermal atomic collisions, the n = 2 photoexcitation band plays the role of the metastable atomic 1s2s 3,1S He*. This facilitates electron spectroscopy of acetylene aggregates in the sub-Kelvin He environment, providing the following insight into their structure: the molecules in the dopant cluster are loosely bound van der Waals complexes rather than forming covalent compounds. In addition, this work reveals a Penning process stemming from the n = 4 band where charge-transfer from autoionized He in the droplets is known to be the dominant relaxation channel. This allows for excited states of the remnant dopant oligomer Penning-ions to be studied. Hence, we demonstrate Penning ionization electron spectroscopy of doped droplets as an effective technique for investigating dopant oligomers which are easily formed by attachment to the host cluster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mandal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - R Gopal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500107, India
| | | | - A D'Elia
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - H Srinivas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - M Coreno
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Italy and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Struttura della Materia, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - B Bapat
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - M Mudrich
- Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark and Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| | - S R Krishnan
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| | - V Sharma
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Connell SP, O'Reilly E, Tuzova A, Webb M, Hurst R, Mills R, Zhao F, Bapat B, Cooper CS, Perry AS, Clark J, Brewer DS. Development of a multivariable risk model integrating urinary cell DNA methylation and cell-free RNA data for the detection of significant prostate cancer. Prostate 2020; 80:547-558. [PMID: 32153047 PMCID: PMC7383590 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer exhibits severe clinical heterogeneity and there is a critical need for clinically implementable tools able to precisely and noninvasively identify patients that can either be safely removed from treatment pathways or those requiring further follow up. Our objectives were to develop a multivariable risk prediction model through the integration of clinical, urine-derived cell-free messenger RNA (cf-RNA) and urine cell DNA methylation data capable of noninvasively detecting significant prostate cancer in biopsy naïve patients. METHODS Post-digital rectal examination urine samples previously analyzed separately for both cellular methylation and cf-RNA expression within the Movember GAP1 urine biomarker cohort were selected for a fully integrated analysis (n = 207). A robust feature selection framework, based on bootstrap resampling and permutation, was utilized to find the optimal combination of clinical and urinary markers in a random forest model, deemed ExoMeth. Out-of-bag predictions from ExoMeth were used for diagnostic evaluation in men with a clinical suspicion of prostate cancer (PSA ≥ 4 ng/mL, adverse digital rectal examination, age, or lower urinary tract symptoms). RESULTS As ExoMeth risk score (range, 0-1) increased, the likelihood of high-grade disease being detected on biopsy was significantly greater (odds ratio = 2.04 per 0.1 ExoMeth increase, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.78-2.35). On an initial TRUS biopsy, ExoMeth accurately predicted the presence of Gleason score ≥3 + 4, area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.89 (95% CI: 0.84-0.93) and was additionally capable of detecting any cancer on biopsy, AUC = 0.91 (95% CI: 0.87-0.95). Application of ExoMeth provided a net benefit over current standards of care and has the potential to reduce unnecessary biopsies by 66% when a risk threshold of 0.25 is accepted. CONCLUSION Integration of urinary biomarkers across multiple assay methods has greater diagnostic ability than either method in isolation, providing superior predictive ability of biopsy outcomes. ExoMeth represents a more holistic view of urinary biomarkers and has the potential to result in substantial changes to how patients suspected of harboring prostate cancer are diagnosed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shea P. Connell
- Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Eve O'Reilly
- School of Biology and Environmental ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Conway InstituteUniversity CollegeDublinIreland
| | - Alexandra Tuzova
- School of Biology and Environmental ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Conway InstituteUniversity CollegeDublinIreland
| | - Martyn Webb
- Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Rachel Hurst
- Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Robert Mills
- Department of UrologyNorfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNorfolkUK
| | - Fang Zhao
- Division of Urology, University Health NetworkUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Division of Urology, University Health NetworkUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Colin S. Cooper
- Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Antoinette S. Perry
- School of Biology and Environmental ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Conway InstituteUniversity CollegeDublinIreland
| | - Jeremy Clark
- Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Daniel S. Brewer
- Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Science DivisionThe Earlham InstituteNorwich Research ParkNorwichNorfolkUK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Saha K, Pandey A, Banerjee S, Bapat B. Fragmentation kinematics of SF6 upon photo–excitation of S( 2p) core shell and subsequent Auger decays. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.137038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
13
|
Jeyapala R, Kamdar S, Olkhov-Mitsel E, Savio AJ, Zhao F, Cuizon C, Liu RS, Zlotta A, Fleshner N, van der Kwast T, Bapat B. An integrative DNA methylation model for improved prognostication of postsurgery recurrence and therapy in prostate cancer patients. Urol Oncol 2019; 38:39.e1-39.e9. [PMID: 31558364 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with clinically localized, high-risk prostate cancer are often treated with surgery, but exhibit variable prognosis requiring long-term monitoring. An ongoing challenge for such patients is developing optimal strategies and biomarkers capable of differentiating between men at risk of early recurrence (<3 years) that will benefit from adjuvant therapies and men at risk of late recurrence (>5 years) who will benefit from long-term monitoring and/or salvage therapies. PATIENTS AND METHODS DNA methylation changes for 12 genes associated with disease progression were analyzed in 453 prostate tumors. A 4-gene prognostic model (4-G model) for biochemical recurrence (BCR) was derived utilizing LASSO from Cohort 1 (n = 254) and validated in Cohort 2 (n = 199). Subsequently, the 4-G model was evaluated for its association with salvage radiotherapy (RT) and/or hormone therapy, and the additive potential to CAPRA-S to develop an integrative gene model was assessed. RESULTS The 4-G model was significantly associated with BCR in both cohorts (chi-squared analysis P≤ 0.004) and specifically, with late recurrence at 5+ years (P < 0.001, Cohort 1; P= 0.028, Cohort 2). Multivariable Cox proportional regression analysis identified the 4-G model as significantly associated with salvage RT or hormone therapy in Cohort 1 (hazard ratio (HR) 1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29-2.10, P< 0.001) and further validated in Cohort 2 (HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.18-2.25, P< 0.001). The integrative model outperformed prostate-specific antigen and the 4-G model alone for predicting BCR and was associated with patients who received hormone therapy 3+ years postsurgery. CONCLUSIONS We have identified and validated a novel integrative gene model as an independent prognosticator of BCR and demonstrated its association with late BCR. These patients require more long-term postsurgical monitoring and could be spared the comorbidities of adjuvant therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renu Jeyapala
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Shivani Kamdar
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Ekaterina Olkhov-Mitsel
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Andrea J Savio
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Fang Zhao
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Carmelle Cuizon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Richard Sc Liu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Alexandre Zlotta
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Division of Urology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - Neil Fleshner
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Division of Urology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - Theodorus van der Kwast
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON; Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Division of Urology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kamdar S, Isserlin R, Van der Kwast T, Zlotta AR, Bader GD, Fleshner NE, Bapat B. Exploring targets of TET2-mediated methylation reprogramming as potential discriminators of prostate cancer progression. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:54. [PMID: 30917865 PMCID: PMC6438015 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0651-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Global DNA methylation alterations are hallmarks of cancer. The tumor-suppressive TET enzymes, which are involved in DNA demethylation, are decreased in prostate cancer (PCa); in particular, TET2 is specifically targeted by androgen-dependent mechanisms of repression in PCa and may play a central role in carcinogenesis. Thus, the identification of key genes targeted by TET2 dysregulation may provide further insight into cancer biology. Results Using a CRISPR/Cas9-derived TET2-knockout prostate cell line, and through whole-transcriptome and whole-methylome sequencing, we identified seven candidate genes—ASB2, ETNK2, MEIS2, NRG1, NTN1, NUDT10, and SRPX—exhibiting reduced expression and increased promoter methylation, a pattern characteristic of tumor suppressors. Decreased expression of these genes significantly discriminates between recurrent and non-recurrent prostate tumors from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort (n = 423), and ASB2, NUDT10, and SRPX were significantly correlated with lower recurrence-free survival in patients by Kaplan-Meier analysis. ASB2, MEIS2, and SRPX also showed significantly lower expression in high-risk Gleason score 8 tumors as compared to low or intermediate risk tumors, suggesting that these genes may be particularly useful as indicators of PCa progression. Furthermore, methylation array probes in the TCGA dataset, which were proximal to the highly conserved, differentially methylated sites identified in our TET2-knockout cells, were able to significantly distinguish between matched prostate tumor and normal prostate tissues (n = 50 pairs). Except ASB2, all genes exhibited significantly increased methylation at these probes, and methylation status of at least one probe for each of these genes showed association with measures of PCa progression such as recurrence, stage, or Gleason score. Since ASB2 did not have any probes within the TET2-knockout differentially methylated region, we validated ASB2 methylation in an independent series of matched tumor-normal samples (n = 19) by methylation-specific qPCR, which revealed concordant and significant increases in promoter methylation within the TET2-knockout site. Conclusions Our study identifies seven genes governed by TET2 loss in PCa which exhibit an association between their methylation and expression status and measures of PCa progression. As differential methylation profiles and TET2 expression are associated with advanced PCa, further investigation of these specialized TET2 targets may provide important insights into patterns of carcinogenic gene dysregulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0651-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Kamdar
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray Street, L6-304B, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building (6th floor), 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ruth Isserlin
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Theodorus Van der Kwast
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building (6th floor), 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Alexandre R Zlotta
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray Street, L6-304B, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada.,Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Division of Urology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 190 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Division of Urology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 190 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray Street, L6-304B, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building (6th floor), 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada. .,Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Division of Urology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 190 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao F, Vesprini D, Liu RSC, Olkhov-Mitsel E, Klotz LH, Loblaw A, Liu SK, Bapat B. Combining urinary DNA methylation and cell-free microRNA biomarkers for improved monitoring of prostate cancer patients on active surveillance. Urol Oncol 2019; 37:297.e9-297.e17. [PMID: 30777394 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer (CaP) patients with low-grade tumors are enrolled in active surveillance (AS) programs and monitored with digital rectal exams (DREs), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests, and periodic invasive biopsies. Patients are "reclassified" with higher-risk disease if they show signs of disease progression. However, AS patients who will reclassify cannot be easily identified upfront and suffer morbidities associated with biopsy. Biomarkers derived from noninvasively obtained specimens such as serum or urine samples are promising alternatives to monitor patients with clinically insignificant cancer. Previously, we have characterized and validated a urinary DNA methylation panel and a serum miRNA panel for the prediction of patient reclassification in 2 independent AS cohorts. In this exploratory study, we have investigated cell-free miRNAs in the urinary supernatant combined with urinary DNA methylation markers to form an integrative panel for prediction of AS patient reclassification. METHODS Post-DRE urine was collected from 103 CaP patients on active surveillance. Urinary sediment DNA methylation levels of selected genes were previously analyzed using qPCR-based MethyLight assay. Using qRT-PCR, we analyzed the urinary supernatants for relative quantities of 10 miRNAs previously shown to be associated with AS reclassification. Logistic regression and Receiver Operating Characteristics curve analyses were performed to assess the predictive ability of miRNAs and DNA methylation biomarkers. RESULTS We identified a 3-marker panel, consisting of miR-24, miR-30c and CRIP3 methylation, that was significant for prediction of patient reclassification (Odds ratio = 2.166, 95% confidence interval = 1.22-3.847) with a negative predictive value of 90.9%. Our 3-marker panel also demonstrated additive value to PSA for prediction of patient reclassification (c-statistic = 0.717, ROC bootstrapped 1000 iteration P = 0.041). CONCLUSION A urinary integrated panel of methylation and miRNA markers is a promising approach to identify AS patients at risk for reclassification. Our 3-marker panel, with its high negative predictive value, would be beneficial to identify and preclude AS patients with truly indolent cancer and to personalize monitoring strategies for AS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danny Vesprini
- Odette Cancer Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard S C Liu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Olkhov-Mitsel
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurence H Klotz
- Odette Cancer Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Loblaw
- Odette Cancer Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stanley K Liu
- Odette Cancer Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Goldberg H, Cheung DC, Chandrasekar T, Klaassen Z, Wallis CJD, Kulkarni GS, Sayyid R, Evans A, Masoomian M, Bapat B, van der Kwast T, Hamilton RJ, Zlotta A, Fleshner N. Are there differences between de novo and secondary upper tract urothelial carcinoma tumours? Can Urol Assoc J 2019; 13:E292-E299. [PMID: 30763230 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.5595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) accounts for <5% of all urothelial cancers. We aimed to ascertain the clinical differences between UTUC tumours presenting de novo (DnUTUC) and those presenting secondary (SUTUC) following a bladder cancer diagnosis. METHODS Our institutional database was queried for all UTUC patients who were surgically treated with radical nephroureterectomy or ureterectomy between 2003 and 2017. Bladder recurrence and cancer-specific mortality were compared. To reduce the possible bias due to confounding variables obtained from a simple comparison of outcomes, DnUTUC patients were matched (for age, gender, tumour location, type of surgery, grade, TNM staging, presence of carcinoma in situ, and lymphovascular invasion) with propensity score to SUTUC patients. Bladder recurrence and cancer-specific mortality were assessed with Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS A total of 117 UTUC patients were identified: 80 with DnUTUC (68.4%) and 37 with SUTUC (31.6%). A greater proportion of males with SUTUC was demonstrated (89.2% vs. 68.8; p=0.02). In both groups, 67.5% of patients had high-grade disease, but SUTUC demonstrated a higher carcinoma in situ rate (43.2% vs. 25%; p=0.047). Univariate analysis demonstrated that the five-year bladder recurrence rate was trending to be higher in SUTUC (65.3% vs. 20.5%; p=0.099). In the Cox model, however, it was associated with increased bladder recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 3.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.68-8.09; p=0.001). Although univariate analysis demonstrated that SUTUC patients were more likely to die of their disease (30.6% vs. 9%; p=0.009), the multivariable Cox model did not demonstrate this association. The limitations of this study include its retrospective, single-centre design and relatively small cohort of patients. CONCLUSIONS In this hypothesis-generating study, some evidence suggests that further research is needed to delineate differences between SUTUC and DnUTUC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Goldberg
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas C Cheung
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thenappan Chandrasekar
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zachary Klaassen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher J D Wallis
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Girish S Kulkarni
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rashid Sayyid
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Evans
- Pathology Department, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mehdi Masoomian
- Pathology Department, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, and Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Theodorus van der Kwast
- Pathology Department, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert J Hamilton
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandre Zlotta
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil Fleshner
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
O'Reilly E, Tuzova AV, Walsh AL, Russell NM, O'Brien O, Kelly S, Dhomhnallain ON, DeBarra L, Dale CM, Brugman R, Clarke G, Schmidt O, O'Meachair S, Patil D, Pellegrini KL, Fleshner N, Garcia J, Zhao F, Finn S, Mills R, Hanna MY, Hurst R, McEvoy E, Gallagher WM, Manecksha RP, Cooper CS, Brewer DS, Bapat B, Sanda MG, Clark J, Perry AS. epiCaPture: A Urine DNA Methylation Test for Early Detection of Aggressive Prostate Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 2019. [PMID: 30801051 PMCID: PMC6383793 DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Liquid biopsies that noninvasively detect molecular correlates of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) could be used to triage patients, reducing the burdens of unnecessary invasive prostate biopsy and enabling early detection of high-risk disease. DNA hypermethylation is among the earliest and most frequent aberrations in PCa. We investigated the accuracy of a six-gene DNA methylation panel (Epigenetic Cancer of the Prostate Test in Urine [epiCaPture]) at detecting PCa, high-grade (Gleason score greater than or equal to 8) and high-risk (D’Amico and Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment] PCa from urine. Patients and Methods Prognostic utility of epiCaPture genes was first validated in two independent prostate tissue cohorts. epiCaPture was assessed in a multicenter prospective study of 463 men undergoing prostate biopsy. epiCaPture was performed by quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in DNA isolated from prebiopsy urine sediments and evaluated by receiver operating characteristic and decision curves (clinical benefit). The epiCaPture score was developed and validated on a two thirds training set to one third test set. Results Higher methylation of epiCaPture genes was significantly associated with increasing aggressiveness in PCa tissues. In urine, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.64, 0.86, and 0.83 for detecting PCa, high-grade PCa, and high-risk PCa, respectively. Decision curves revealed a net benefit across relevant threshold probabilities. Independent analysis of two epiCaPture genes in the same clinical cohort provided analytical validation. Parallel epiCaPture analysis in urine and matched biopsy cores showed added value of a liquid biopsy. Conclusion epiCaPture is a urine DNA methylation test for high-risk PCa. Its tumor specificity out-performs that of prostate-specific antigen (greater than 3 ng/mL). Used as an adjunct to prostate-specific antigen, epiCaPture could aid patient stratification to determine need for biopsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fang Zhao
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhao F, Olkhov-Mitsel E, Kamdar S, Jeyapala R, Garcia J, Hurst R, Hanna MY, Mills R, Tuzova AV, O'Reilly E, Kelly S, Cooper C, Brewer D, Perry AS, Clark J, Fleshner N, Bapat B. A urine-based DNA methylation assay, ProCUrE, to identify clinically significant prostate cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:147. [PMID: 30470249 PMCID: PMC6260648 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prevention of unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment of indolent disease remains a challenge in the management of prostate cancer. Novel non-invasive tests that can identify clinically significant (intermediate-risk and high-risk) diseases are needed to improve risk stratification and monitoring of prostate cancer patients. Here, we investigated a panel of six DNA methylation biomarkers in urine samples collected post-digital rectal exam from patients undergoing prostate biopsy, for their utility to guide decision making for diagnostic biopsy and early detection of aggressive prostate cancer. Results We recruited 408 patients in risk categories ranging from benign to low-, intermediate-, and high-risk prostate cancer from three international cohorts. Patients were separated into 2/3 training and 1/3 validation cohorts. Methylation biomarkers were analyzed in post-digital rectal exam urinary sediment DNA by quantitative MethyLight assay and investigated for their association with any or aggressive prostate cancers. We developed a Prostate Cancer Urinary Epigenetic (ProCUrE) assay based on an optimal two-gene (HOXD3 and GSTP1) LASSO model, derived from methylation values in the training cohort, and assessed ProCUrE’s diagnostic and prognostic ability for prostate cancer in both the training and validation cohorts. ProCUrE demonstrated improved prostate cancer diagnosis and identification of patients with clinically significant disease in both the training and validation cohorts. Using three different risk stratification criteria (Gleason score, D’Amico criteria, and CAPRA score), we found that the positive predictive value for ProCUrE was higher (59.4–78%) than prostate specific antigen (PSA) (38.2–72.1%) for all risk category comparisons. ProCUrE also demonstrated additive value to PSA in identifying GS ≥ 7 PCa compared to PSA alone (DeLong’s test p = 0.039), as well as additive value to the PCPT risk calculator for identifying any PCa and GS ≥ 7 PCa (DeLong’s test p = 0.011 and 0.022, respectively). Conclusions ProCUrE is a promising non-invasive urinary methylation assay for the early detection and prognostication of prostate cancer. ProCUrE has the potential to supplement PSA testing to identify patients with clinically significant prostate cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0575-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Olkhov-Mitsel
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shivani Kamdar
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Renu Jeyapala
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julia Garcia
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rachel Hurst
- Schools of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | | | - Robert Mills
- Schools of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Alexandra V Tuzova
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eve O'Reilly
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sarah Kelly
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Colin Cooper
- Schools of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | | | - Daniel Brewer
- Schools of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.,The Earlham Institute, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Antoinette S Perry
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jeremy Clark
- Schools of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Neil Fleshner
- Division of Urology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Division of Urology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhu Y, Wang PP, Zhai G, Bapat B, Savas S, Woodrow JR, Campbell PT, Li Y, Yang N, Zhou X, Dicks E, Mclaughlin JR, Parfrey PS. Association of rs2282679 A>C polymorphism in vitamin D binding protein gene with colorectal cancer risk and survival: effect modification by dietary vitamin D intake. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:155. [PMID: 29409465 PMCID: PMC5802053 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The rs2282679 A>C polymorphism in the vitamin D binding protein gene is associated with lower circulating levels of vitamin D. We investigated associations of this SNP with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and survival and whether the associations vary by dietary vitamin D intake and tumor molecular phenotype. Methods A population-based case-control study identified 637 incident CRC cases (including 489 participants with follow-up data on mortality end-points) and 489 matched controls. Germline DNA samples were genotyped with the Illumina Omni-Quad 1 Million chip in cases and the Affymetrix Axiom® myDesign™ Array in controls. Logistic regression examined the association between the rs2282679 polymorphism and CRC risk with inclusion of potential confounders. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox models assessed the polymorphism relative to overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results The rs2282679 polymorphism was not associated with overall CRC risk; there was evidence, however, of effect modification by total vitamin D intake (Pinteraction = 0.019). Survival analyses showed that the C allele was correlated with poor DFS (per-allele HR, 1.36; 95%CI, 1.05–1.77). The association of rs2282679 on DFS was limited to BRAF wild-type tumors (HR, 1.58; 95%CI, 1.12–2.23). For OS, the C allele was associated with higher all-cause mortality among patients with higher levels of dietary vitamin D (HR, 2.11; 95%CI, 1.29–3.74), calcium (HR, 1.93; 95%CI, 1.08–3.46), milk (HR, 2.36; 95%CI, 1.26–4.44), and total dairy product intakes (HR, 2.03; 95%CI, 1.11–3.72). Conclusion The rs2282679 SNP was not associated with overall CRC risk, but may be associated with survival after cancer diagnosis. The association of this SNP on survival among CRC patients may differ according to dietary vitamin D and calcium intakes and according to tumor BRAF mutation status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhu
- Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.,School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peizhong Peter Wang
- Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada. .,School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Guangju Zhai
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sevtap Savas
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.,Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Woodrow
- Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuming Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Elizabeth Dicks
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - John R Mclaughlin
- Division of Epidemiology, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick S Parfrey
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu RSC, Olkhov-Mitsel E, Jeyapala R, Zhao F, Commisso K, Klotz L, Loblaw A, Liu SK, Vesprini D, Fleshner NE, Bapat B. Assessment of Serum microRNA Biomarkers to Predict Reclassification of Prostate Cancer in Patients on Active Surveillance. J Urol 2017; 199:1475-1481. [PMID: 29246734 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Conventional clinical variables cannot accurately differentiate indolent from aggressive prostate cancer in patients on active surveillance. We investigated promising circulating miRNA biomarkers to predict the reclassification of active surveillance cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected serum samples from 2 independent active surveillance cohorts of 196 and 133 patients for the training and validation, respectively, of candidate miRNAs. All patients were treatment naïve and diagnosed with Gleason score 6 prostate cancer. Samples were collected prior to potential reclassification. We analyzed 9 circulating miRNAs previously shown to be associated with prostate cancer progression. Logistic regression and ROC analyses were performed to assess the predictive ability of miRNAs and clinical variables. RESULTS A 3-miR (miRNA-223, miRNA-24 and miRNA-375) score was significant to predict patient reclassification (training OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.50-4.94 and validation OR 3.70, 95% CI 1.29-10.6). It was independent of clinical characteristics in multivariable models. The ROC AUC was maximized when combining the 3-miR score and prostate specific antigen, indicating additive predictive value. The 3-miR score plus the prostate specific antigen panel cutoff achieved 89% to 90% negative predictive value and 66% to 81% specificity. CONCLUSIONS The 3-miR score combined with prostate specific antigen represents a noninvasive biomarker panel with high negative predictive value. It may be used to identify patients on active surveillance who have truly indolent prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard S C Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Renu Jeyapala
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristina Commisso
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurence Klotz
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Loblaw
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stanley K Liu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danny Vesprini
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Division of Urology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Olkhov-Mitsel E, Siadat F, Kron K, Liu L, Savio AJ, Trachtenberg J, Fleshner N, van der Kwast T, Bapat B. Distinct DNA methylation alterations are associated with cribriform architecture and intraductal carcinoma in Gleason pattern 4 prostate tumors. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:390-396. [PMID: 28693181 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore DNA methylation aberrations in association with cribriform architecture and intraductal carcinoma (IDC) of the prostate, as there is robust evidence that these morphological features are associated with aggressive disease and have significant clinical implications. Herein, the associations of a panel of seven known prognostic DNA methylation biomarkers with cribriform and IDC features were examined in a series of 91 Gleason pattern (GP) 4 tumors derived from Gleason score 7 radical prostatectomies. Gene specific DNA methylation was compared between cribriform and/or IDC positive vs. negative cases, and in association with clinicopathological features, using Chi square and Mann-Whitney U tests. DNA methylation of the adenomatous polyposis coli, Ras association domain family member 1 and T-box 15 genes was significantly elevated in GP4 tumors with cribriform and/or IDC features compared with negative cases (P=0.045, P=0.007 and P=0.013, respectively). To the best of our knowledge, this provides the first evidence for an association between cribriform and/or IDC and methylation biomarkers, and warrants further investigation of additional DNA methylation events in association with various architectural patterns in prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Olkhov-Mitsel
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T3L9, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A1, Canada
| | - Farshid Siadat
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB T5H3V9, Canada
| | - Ken Kron
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G0A3, Canada
| | - Liyang Liu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T3L9, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A1, Canada
| | - Andrea J Savio
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T3L9, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A1, Canada
| | - John Trachtenberg
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G2M9, Canada
| | - Neil Fleshner
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G2M9, Canada
| | - Theodorus van der Kwast
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A1, Canada.,Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T3L9, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A1, Canada.,Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Briollais L, Ozcelik H, Xu J, Kwiatkowski M, Lalonde E, Sendorek DH, Fleshner NE, Recker F, Kuk C, Olkhov-Mitsel E, Savas S, Hanna S, Juvet T, Hunter GA, Friedlander M, Li H, Chadwick K, Prassas I, Soosaipillai A, Randazzo M, Trachtenberg J, Toi A, Shiah YJ, Fraser M, van der Kwast T, Bristow RG, Bapat B, Diamandis EP, Boutros PC, Zlotta AR. PD65-01 GERMLINE MUTATIONS IN THE KALLIKREIN 6 REGION AND PREDISPOSITION FOR AGGRESSIVE PROSTATE CANCER. J Urol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2017.02.2951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
23
|
Savio AJ, Bapat B. Modulation of transcription factor binding and epigenetic regulation of the MLH1 CpG island and shore by polymorphism rs1800734 in colorectal cancer. Epigenetics 2017; 12:441-448. [PMID: 28304185 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1305527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The MLH1 promoter polymorphism rs1800734 is associated with MLH1 CpG island hypermethylation and expression loss in colorectal cancer (CRC). Conversely, variant rs1800734 is associated with MLH1 shore, but not island, hypomethylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cell DNA. To explore these distinct patterns, MLH1 CpG island and shore methylation was assessed in CRC cell lines stratified by rs1800734 genotype. Cell lines containing the variant A allele demonstrated MLH1 shore hypomethylation compared to wild type (GG). There was significant enrichment of transcription factor AP4 at the MLH1 promoter in GG and GA cell lines, but not the AA cell line, by chromatin immunoprecipitation studies. Preferential binding to the G allele was confirmed by sequencing in the GA cell line. The enhancer-associated histone modification H3K4me1 was enriched at the MLH1 shore; however, H3K27ac was not, indicating the shore is an inactive enhancer. These results demonstrate the role of variant rs1800734 in altering transcription factor binding as well as epigenetics at regions beyond the MLH1 CpG island in which it is located.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Savio
- a Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,b Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Bharati Bapat
- a Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,b Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,c Department of Pathology , University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Briollais L, Ozcelik H, Xu J, Kwiatkowski M, Lalonde E, Sendorek DH, Fleshner NE, Recker F, Kuk C, Olkhov-Mitsel E, Savas S, Hanna S, Juvet T, Hunter GA, Friedlander M, Li H, Chadwick K, Prassas I, Soosaipillai A, Randazzo M, Trachtenberg J, Toi A, Shiah YJ, Fraser M, van der Kwast T, Bristow RG, Bapat B, Diamandis EP, Boutros PC, Zlotta AR. Germline Mutations in the Kallikrein 6 Region and Predisposition for Aggressive Prostate Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:3071261. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Briollais
- Affiliations of authors: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (LB, HO, JX, EOM, MaF, BB, ARZ), Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics (HO, HL), Department of Surgery, Division of Urology (CK, SH, ARZ), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (HO, HL, IP, AS, EPD), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (LB, JX, EOM, MaF), Department of Medical Biophysics (EL, RGB,
| | - Hilmi Ozcelik
- Affiliations of authors: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (LB, HO, JX, EOM, MaF, BB, ARZ), Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics (HO, HL), Department of Surgery, Division of Urology (CK, SH, ARZ), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (HO, HL, IP, AS, EPD), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (LB, JX, EOM, MaF), Department of Medical Biophysics (EL, RGB,
| | - Jingxiong Xu
- Affiliations of authors: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (LB, HO, JX, EOM, MaF, BB, ARZ), Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics (HO, HL), Department of Surgery, Division of Urology (CK, SH, ARZ), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (HO, HL, IP, AS, EPD), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (LB, JX, EOM, MaF), Department of Medical Biophysics (EL, RGB,
| | - Maciej Kwiatkowski
- Affiliations of authors: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (LB, HO, JX, EOM, MaF, BB, ARZ), Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics (HO, HL), Department of Surgery, Division of Urology (CK, SH, ARZ), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (HO, HL, IP, AS, EPD), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (LB, JX, EOM, MaF), Department of Medical Biophysics (EL, RGB,
| | - Emilie Lalonde
- Affiliations of authors: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (LB, HO, JX, EOM, MaF, BB, ARZ), Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics (HO, HL), Department of Surgery, Division of Urology (CK, SH, ARZ), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (HO, HL, IP, AS, EPD), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (LB, JX, EOM, MaF), Department of Medical Biophysics (EL, RGB,
| | - Dorota H. Sendorek
- Affiliations of authors: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (LB, HO, JX, EOM, MaF, BB, ARZ), Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics (HO, HL), Department of Surgery, Division of Urology (CK, SH, ARZ), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (HO, HL, IP, AS, EPD), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (LB, JX, EOM, MaF), Department of Medical Biophysics (EL, RGB,
| | - Neil E. Fleshner
- Affiliations of authors: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (LB, HO, JX, EOM, MaF, BB, ARZ), Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics (HO, HL), Department of Surgery, Division of Urology (CK, SH, ARZ), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (HO, HL, IP, AS, EPD), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (LB, JX, EOM, MaF), Department of Medical Biophysics (EL, RGB,
| | - Franz Recker
- Affiliations of authors: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (LB, HO, JX, EOM, MaF, BB, ARZ), Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics (HO, HL), Department of Surgery, Division of Urology (CK, SH, ARZ), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (HO, HL, IP, AS, EPD), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (LB, JX, EOM, MaF), Department of Medical Biophysics (EL, RGB,
| | - Cynthia Kuk
- Affiliations of authors: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (LB, HO, JX, EOM, MaF, BB, ARZ), Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics (HO, HL), Department of Surgery, Division of Urology (CK, SH, ARZ), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (HO, HL, IP, AS, EPD), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (LB, JX, EOM, MaF), Department of Medical Biophysics (EL, RGB,
| | - Ekaterina Olkhov-Mitsel
- Affiliations of authors: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (LB, HO, JX, EOM, MaF, BB, ARZ), Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics (HO, HL), Department of Surgery, Division of Urology (CK, SH, ARZ), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (HO, HL, IP, AS, EPD), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (LB, JX, EOM, MaF), Department of Medical Biophysics (EL, RGB,
| | | | | | - Tristan Juvet
- Affiliations of authors: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (LB, HO, JX, EOM, MaF, BB, ARZ), Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics (HO, HL), Department of Surgery, Division of Urology (CK, SH, ARZ), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (HO, HL, IP, AS, EPD), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (LB, JX, EOM, MaF), Department of Medical Biophysics (EL, RGB,
| | | | | | | | | | - Ioannis Prassas
- Affiliations of authors: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (LB, HO, JX, EOM, MaF, BB, ARZ), Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics (HO, HL), Department of Surgery, Division of Urology (CK, SH, ARZ), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (HO, HL, IP, AS, EPD), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (LB, JX, EOM, MaF), Department of Medical Biophysics (EL, RGB,
| | | | | | - John Trachtenberg
- Affiliations of authors: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (LB, HO, JX, EOM, MaF, BB, ARZ), Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics (HO, HL), Department of Surgery, Division of Urology (CK, SH, ARZ), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (HO, HL, IP, AS, EPD), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (LB, JX, EOM, MaF), Department of Medical Biophysics (EL, RGB,
| | - Ants Toi
- Affiliations of authors: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (LB, HO, JX, EOM, MaF, BB, ARZ), Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics (HO, HL), Department of Surgery, Division of Urology (CK, SH, ARZ), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (HO, HL, IP, AS, EPD), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (LB, JX, EOM, MaF), Department of Medical Biophysics (EL, RGB,
| | | | - Michael Fraser
- Affiliations of authors: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (LB, HO, JX, EOM, MaF, BB, ARZ), Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics (HO, HL), Department of Surgery, Division of Urology (CK, SH, ARZ), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (HO, HL, IP, AS, EPD), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (LB, JX, EOM, MaF), Department of Medical Biophysics (EL, RGB,
| | - Theodorus van der Kwast
- Affiliations of authors: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (LB, HO, JX, EOM, MaF, BB, ARZ), Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics (HO, HL), Department of Surgery, Division of Urology (CK, SH, ARZ), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (HO, HL, IP, AS, EPD), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (LB, JX, EOM, MaF), Department of Medical Biophysics (EL, RGB,
| | - Robert G. Bristow
- Affiliations of authors: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (LB, HO, JX, EOM, MaF, BB, ARZ), Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics (HO, HL), Department of Surgery, Division of Urology (CK, SH, ARZ), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (HO, HL, IP, AS, EPD), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (LB, JX, EOM, MaF), Department of Medical Biophysics (EL, RGB,
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Affiliations of authors: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (LB, HO, JX, EOM, MaF, BB, ARZ), Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics (HO, HL), Department of Surgery, Division of Urology (CK, SH, ARZ), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (HO, HL, IP, AS, EPD), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (LB, JX, EOM, MaF), Department of Medical Biophysics (EL, RGB,
| | - Eleftherios P. Diamandis
- Affiliations of authors: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (LB, HO, JX, EOM, MaF, BB, ARZ), Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics (HO, HL), Department of Surgery, Division of Urology (CK, SH, ARZ), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (HO, HL, IP, AS, EPD), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (LB, JX, EOM, MaF), Department of Medical Biophysics (EL, RGB,
| | - Paul C. Boutros
- Affiliations of authors: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (LB, HO, JX, EOM, MaF, BB, ARZ), Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics (HO, HL), Department of Surgery, Division of Urology (CK, SH, ARZ), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (HO, HL, IP, AS, EPD), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (LB, JX, EOM, MaF), Department of Medical Biophysics (EL, RGB,
| | - Alexandre R. Zlotta
- Affiliations of authors: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (LB, HO, JX, EOM, MaF, BB, ARZ), Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics (HO, HL), Department of Surgery, Division of Urology (CK, SH, ARZ), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (HO, HL, IP, AS, EPD), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (LB, JX, EOM, MaF), Department of Medical Biophysics (EL, RGB,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Olkhov-Mitsel E, Savio AJ, Kron KJ, Pethe VV, Hermanns T, Fleshner NE, van Rhijn BW, van der Kwast TH, Zlotta AR, Bapat B. Epigenome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiling Identifies Differential Methylation Biomarkers in High-Grade Bladder Cancer. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:168-177. [PMID: 28167242 PMCID: PMC5293735 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes, including CpG island hypermethylation, occur frequently in bladder cancer (BC) and may be exploited for BC detection and distinction between high-grade (HG) and low-grade (LG) disease. Genome-wide methylation analysis was performed using Agilent Human CpG Island Microarrays to determine epigenetic differences between LG and HG cases. Pathway enrichment analysis and functional annotation determined that the most frequently methylated pathways in HG BC were enriched for anterior/posterior pattern specification, embryonic skeletal system development, neuron fate commitment, DNA binding, and transcription factor activity. We identified 990 probes comprising a 32-gene panel that completely distinguished LG from HG based on methylation. Selected genes from this panel, EOMES, GP5, PAX6, TCF4, and ZSCAN12, were selected for quantitative polymerase chain reaction–based validation by MethyLight in an independent series (n = 84) of normal bladder samples and LG and HG cases. GP5 and ZSCAN12, two novel methylated genes in BC, were significantly hypermethylated in HG versus LG BC (P ≤ .03). We validated our data in a second independent cohort of LG and HG BC cases (n = 42) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Probes representing our 32-gene panel were significantly differentially methylated in LG versus HG tumors (P ≤ .04). These results indicate the ability to distinguish normal tissue from cancer, as well as LG from HG, based on methylation and reveal important pathways dysregulated in HG BC. Our findings were corroborated using publicly available data sets from TCGA. Ultimately, the creation of a methylation panel, including GP5 and ZSCAN12, able to distinguish between disease phenotypes will improve disease management and patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Olkhov-Mitsel
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 60 Murray St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 3L9; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A1.
| | - Andrea J Savio
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 60 Murray St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 3L9; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A1.
| | - Ken J Kron
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 60 Murray St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 3L9; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A1.
| | - Vaijayanti V Pethe
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 60 Murray St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 3L9.
| | - Thomas Hermanns
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Division of Urology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2M9.
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Division of Urology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2M9.
| | - Bas W van Rhijn
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 60 Murray St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 3L9; Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Division of Urology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2M9.
| | - Theodorus H van der Kwast
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A1; Department of Pathology, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2C4.
| | - Alexandre R Zlotta
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 60 Murray St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 3L9; Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Sinai Health System, 600 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5.
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 60 Murray St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 3L9; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A1; Department of Pathology, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2C4.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhu Y, Wang P, Zhai G, Bapat B, Sevtap S. Vitamin D receptor and calcium sensing receptor polymorphisms and colorectal cancer survival in Newfoundland population. Eur J Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(17)30262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
27
|
White-Al Habeeb NMA, Garcia J, Fleshner N, Bapat B. Metformin Elicits Antitumor Effects and Downregulates the Histone Methyltransferase Multiple Myeloma SET Domain (MMSET) in Prostate Cancer Cells. Prostate 2016; 76:1507-1518. [PMID: 27404348 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored the biological effects of metformin on prostate cancer (PCa) cells and determined molecular pathways and epigenetic regulators implicated in its mechanism of action. METHODS We performed mRNA expression profiling in 22Rv1 cells following 2.5 mM and 5 mM metformin treatment. Genes significantly modified by metformin treatment were ranked based on altered expression, involvement with cancer-related processes, and reported dysregulation in PCa. The effects of the top ranked gene, MMSET, on the proliferative and invasive capabilities of PCa cells were investigated via siRNA knockdown alone and also combined with metformin treatment. RESULTS Metformin treatment decreased cell growth of PCa cell line 22Rv1 and stalled cells at the G1/S checkpoint in a time- and dose-dependent manner, resulting in increased cells in G1 (P < 0.05) and decreased cells in S (P < 0.05) phase. Metformin activated the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway as shown by increased p-AMPK and decreased p-p70S6K. mRNA expression profiling following metformin treatment identified significant changes in 136 chromatin-modifying genes. The top ranked gene, multiple myeloma SET domain (MMSET) showed increased expression in PCa cell lines (22Rv1 and DU145) when compared to the benign prostate epithelium-derived cell-line RWPE-1, and its expression was decreased upon metformin treatment. siRNA-mediated knockdown of MMSET showed decreased cellular migration and invasion in DU-145 cells. MMSET knockdown in combination with metformin treatment resulted in further reduction in the capacity of PCa cells to migrate and invade. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest MMSET may play a role in the inhibitory effect of metformin on PCa and could serve as a potential novel therapeutic target for PCa. Prostate 76:1507-1518, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M A White-Al Habeeb
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Garcia
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil Fleshner
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhao F, Olkhov-Mitsel E, van der Kwast T, Sykes J, Zdravic D, Venkateswaran V, Zlotta AR, Loblaw A, Fleshner NE, Klotz L, Vesprini D, Bapat B. Urinary DNA Methylation Biomarkers for Noninvasive Prediction of Aggressive Disease in Patients with Prostate Cancer on Active Surveillance. J Urol 2016; 197:335-341. [PMID: 27545574 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with prostate cancer on active surveillance are monitored by repeat prostate specific antigen measurements, digital rectal examinations and prostate biopsies. A subset of patients on active surveillance will later reclassify with disease progression, prompting definitive treatment. To minimize the risk of under treating such patients on active surveillance minimally invasive tests are urgently needed incorporating biomarkers to identify patients who will reclassify. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed post-digital rectal examination urine samples of patients on active surveillance for select DNA methylation biomarkers that were previously investigated in radical prostatectomy specimens and shown to correlate with an increasing risk of prostate cancer. Post-digital rectal examination urine samples were prospectively collected from 153 men on active surveillance who were diagnosed with Gleason score 6 disease. Urinary sediment DNA was analyzed for 8 DNA methylation biomarkers by multiplex MethyLight assay. Correlative analyses were performed on gene methylation and clinicopathological variables to test the ability to predict patient risk reclassification. RESULTS Using backward logistic regression a 4-gene methylation classifier panel (APC, CRIP3, GSTP1 and HOXD8) was identified. The classifier panel was able to predict patient reclassification (OR 2.559, 95% CI 1.257-5.212). We observed this panel to be an independent and superior predictor compared to current clinical predictors such as prostate specific antigen at diagnosis or the percent of tumor positive cores in the initial biopsy. CONCLUSION We report that a urine based classifier panel of 4 methylation biomarkers predicts disease progression in patients on active surveillance. Once validated in independent active surveillance cohorts, these promising biomarkers may help establish a less invasive method to monitor patients on active surveillance programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Olkhov-Mitsel
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theodorus van der Kwast
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenna Sykes
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darko Zdravic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vasundara Venkateswaran
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandre R Zlotta
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Urology and Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Loblaw
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Department of Urology and Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurence Klotz
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danny Vesprini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pouessel D, Neuzillet Y, Mertens LS, van der Heijden MS, de Jong J, Sanders J, Peters D, Leroy K, Manceau A, Maille P, Soyeux P, Moktefi A, Semprez F, Vordos D, de la Taille A, Hurst CD, Tomlinson DC, Harnden P, Bostrom PJ, Mirtti T, Horenblas S, Loriot Y, Houédé N, Chevreau C, Beuzeboc P, Shariat SF, Sagalowsky AI, Ashfaq R, Burger M, Jewett MAS, Zlotta AR, Broeks A, Bapat B, Knowles MA, Lotan Y, van der Kwast TH, Culine S, Allory Y, van Rhijn BWG. Tumor heterogeneity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) mutations in invasive bladder cancer: implications for perioperative anti-FGFR3 treatment. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:1311-6. [PMID: 27091807 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is an actionable target in bladder cancer. Preclinical studies show that anti-FGFR3 treatment slows down tumor growth, suggesting that this tyrosine kinase receptor is a candidate for personalized bladder cancer treatment, particularly in patients with mutated FGFR3. We addressed tumor heterogeneity in a large multicenter, multi-laboratory study, as this may have significant impact on therapeutic response. PATIENTS AND METHODS We evaluated possible FGFR3 heterogeneity by the PCR-SNaPshot method in the superficial and deep compartments of tumors obtained by transurethral resection (TUR, n = 61) and in radical cystectomy (RC, n = 614) specimens and corresponding cancer-positive lymph nodes (LN+, n = 201). RESULTS We found FGFR3 mutations in 13/34 (38%) T1 and 8/27 (30%) ≥T2-TUR samples, with 100% concordance between superficial and deeper parts in T1-TUR samples. Of eight FGFR3 mutant ≥T2-TUR samples, only 4 (50%) displayed the mutation in the deeper part. We found 67/614 (11%) FGFR3 mutations in RC specimens. FGFR3 mutation was associated with pN0 (P < 0.001) at RC. In 10/201 (5%) LN+, an FGFR3 mutation was found, all concordant with the corresponding RC specimen. In the remaining 191 cases, RC and LN+ were both wild type. CONCLUSIONS FGFR3 mutation status seems promising to guide decision-making on adjuvant anti-FGFR3 therapy as it appeared homogeneous in RC and LN+. Based on the results of TUR, the deep part of the tumor needs to be assessed if neoadjuvant anti-FGFR3 treatment is considered. We conclude that studies on the heterogeneity of actionable molecular targets should precede clinical trials with these drugs in the perioperative setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Pouessel
- Inserm U955, Hôpital Henri Mondor, APHP, Team 7 Translational Research of Genito-Urinary Oncogenesis, Créteil Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - J Sanders
- Pathology Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Peters
- Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - P Soyeux
- Inserm U955, Hôpital Henri Mondor, APHP, Team 7 Translational Research of Genito-Urinary Oncogenesis, Créteil
| | | | - F Semprez
- Inserm U955, Hôpital Henri Mondor, APHP, Team 7 Translational Research of Genito-Urinary Oncogenesis, Créteil
| | - D Vordos
- Urology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, APHP, Créteil, France
| | - A de la Taille
- Inserm U955, Hôpital Henri Mondor, APHP, Team 7 Translational Research of Genito-Urinary Oncogenesis, Créteil Urology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, APHP, Créteil, France
| | - C D Hurst
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - D C Tomlinson
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - P Harnden
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - P J Bostrom
- Departments of Urology Department of Surgical Oncology (Urology), University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - T Mirtti
- Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Y Loriot
- Department of Cancer Medicine and INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Grand Paris, Villejuif
| | - N Houédé
- Department of Oncological Medicine, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux
| | - C Chevreau
- Department of Oncological Medicine, Institut Claudius Régaud, Toulouse
| | - P Beuzeboc
- Department of Oncological Medicine, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - S F Shariat
- Departments of Urology Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - R Ashfaq
- Pathology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - M Burger
- Department of Urology, Caritas St Josef Medical Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M A S Jewett
- Department of Surgical Oncology (Urology), University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - A R Zlotta
- Department of Surgical Oncology (Urology), University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto Departments of Surgery (Urology)
| | - A Broeks
- Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Bapat
- Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - M A Knowles
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | | | - T H van der Kwast
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Culine
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France Department of Medical Oncology, Paris 7 University, Paris
| | - Y Allory
- Inserm U955, Hôpital Henri Mondor, APHP, Team 7 Translational Research of Genito-Urinary Oncogenesis, Créteil Departments of Pathology Department of Pathology, Université Paris Est, UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - B W G van Rhijn
- Departments of Surgical Oncology (Urology) Department of Urology, Caritas St Josef Medical Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany Department of Surgical Oncology (Urology), University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto Departments of Surgery (Urology) Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kamdar SN, Ho LT, Kron KJ, Isserlin R, van der Kwast T, Zlotta AR, Fleshner NE, Bader G, Bapat B. Dynamic interplay between locus-specific DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation regulates distinct biological pathways in prostate carcinogenesis. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:32. [PMID: 26981160 PMCID: PMC4791926 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the significant global loss of DNA hydroxymethylation marks in prostate cancer tissues, the locus-specific role of hydroxymethylation in prostate tumorigenesis is unknown. We characterized hydroxymethylation and methylation marks by performing whole-genome next-generation sequencing in representative normal and prostate cancer-derived cell lines in order to determine functional pathways and key genes regulated by these epigenomic modifications in cancer. Results Our cell line model shows disruption of hydroxymethylation distribution in cancer, with global loss and highly specific gain in promoter and CpG island regions. Significantly, we observed locus-specific retention of hydroxymethylation marks in specific intronic and intergenic regions which may play a novel role in the regulation of gene expression in critical functional pathways, such as BARD1 signaling and steroid hormone receptor signaling in cancer. We confirm a modest correlation of hydroxymethylation with expression in intragenic regions in prostate cancer, while identifying an original role for intergenic hydroxymethylation in differentially expressed regulatory pathways in cancer. We also demonstrate a successful strategy for the identification and validation of key candidate genes from differentially regulated biological pathways in prostate cancer. Conclusions Our results indicate a distinct function for aberrant hydroxymethylation within each genomic feature in cancer, suggesting a specific and complex role for the deregulation of hydroxymethylation in tumorigenesis, similar to methylation. Subsequently, our characterization of key cellular pathways exhibiting dynamic enrichment patterns for methylation and hydroxymethylation marks may allow us to identify differentially epigenetically modified target genes implicated in prostate cancer tumorigenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-016-0195-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani N Kamdar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ; Mount Sinai Hospital, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Linh T Ho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Ken J Kron
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Ruth Isserlin
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Theodorus van der Kwast
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ; Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Alexandre R Zlotta
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Division of Urology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Division of Urology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Gary Bader
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ; Mount Sinai Hospital, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Savio AJ, Daftary D, Dicks E, Buchanan DD, Parfrey PS, Young JP, Weisenberger D, Green RC, Gallinger S, McLaughlin JR, Knight JA, Bapat B. Promoter methylation of ITF2, but not APC, is associated with microsatellite instability in two populations of colorectal cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:113. [PMID: 26884349 PMCID: PMC4756469 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant Wnt signaling activation occurs commonly in colorectal carcinogenesis, leading to upregulation of many target genes. APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) is an important component of the β-catenin destruction complex, which regulates Wnt signaling, and is often mutated in colorectal cancer (CRC). In addition to mutational events, epigenetic changes arise frequently in CRC, specifically, promoter hypermethylation which silences tumor suppressor genes. APC and the Wnt signaling target gene ITF2 (immunoglobulin transcription factor 2) incur hypermethylation in various cancers, however, methylation-dependent regulation of these genes in CRC has not been studied in large, well-characterized patient cohorts. The microsatellite instability (MSI) subtype of CRC, featuring DNA mismatch repair deficiency and often promoter hypermethylation of MutL homolog 1 (MLH1), has a favorable outcome and is characterized by different chemotherapeutic responses than microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors. Other epigenetic events distinguishing these subtypes have not yet been fully elucidated. METHODS Here, we quantify promoter methylation of ITF2 and APC by MethyLight in two case-case studies nested in population-based CRC cohorts from the Ontario Familial Colorectal Cancer Registry (n = 330) and the Newfoundland Familial Colorectal Cancer Registry (n = 102) comparing MSI status groups. RESULTS ITF2 and APC methylation are significantly associated with tumor versus normal state (both P < 1.0 × 10(-6)). ITF2 is methylated in 45.8% of MSI cases and 26.9% of MSS cases and is significantly associated with MSI in Ontario (P = 0.002) and Newfoundland (P = 0.005) as well as the MSI-associated feature of MLH1 promoter hypermethylation (P = 6.72 × 10(-4)). APC methylation, although tumor-specific, does not show a significant association with tumor subtype, age, gender, or stage, indicating it is a general tumor-specific CRC biomarker. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates, for the first time, MSI-associated ITF2 methylation, and further reveals the subtype-specific epigenetic events modulating Wnt signaling in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Savio
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Darshana Daftary
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Ontario Familial Colorectal Cancer Registry, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth Dicks
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Patrick S Parfrey
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
| | - Joanne P Young
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Daniel Weisenberger
- USC Epigenome Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Roger C Green
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Ontario Familial Colorectal Cancer Registry, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - John R McLaughlin
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Ontario Familial Colorectal Cancer Registry, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Julia A Knight
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kamdar SN, Ho LT, Isserlin R, Kron KJ, Kwast TVD, Zlotta AR, Fleshner NE, Bader G, Bapat B. Abstract B1-32: Genome-wide integrative analysis correlating locus-specific DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation to gene expression in normal prostate cells. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.compsysbio-b1-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aberrant epigenetic modification in the form of regional hypermethylation and global hypomethylation has been implicated in the dysregulation of gene expression in various cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). Recently discovered 5-hydroxymethylated marks (5hmC), considered to be key intermediates in the process of DNA demethylation, have also been shown to exhibit significant global loss in solid tumors as compared to normal tissue. Similar to cytosine base methylation (5mC), 5hmC may also play a key role in the regulation of gene expression and, consequently, gene function in PCa.
We hypothesize that dynamic interplay between 5mC and 5hmC enrichment in promoter, CpG island, and intragenic regions shows specific association patterns with gene expression. A systematic investigation of these methylation marks may provide novel insights into epigenomic architecture by elucidating novel pathways and candidate genes in prostate tumorigenesis.
Using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), we characterized genome-wide 5mC and 5hmC marks and RNA expression data in a normal prostate tissue-derived representative cell line (RWPE-1). We have completed NGS following methyl-binding protein capture (MBD-seq) and hydroxymethyl-selective chemical labeling (hMe-Seal), and have performed integrative analysis correlating enriched genes stratified by region (intergenic regions proximal to DNase I hypersensitivity sites, as well as promoter, CpG island, and intragenic regions) to expression data obtained from RNA-seq and also validated using publicly available microarray expression data (GEO Accession Number: GSM375783)
We divided expression data into equal tiers representing genes with no expression, low expression, and high expression, and have performed pathway-based analysis on genes significantly enriched for either 5mC or 5hmC marks for each tier stratified by gene region. We found gene expression to exhibit a strong positive correlation with core promoter and CpG island hydroxymethylation, with a corresponding negative correlation to methylation of these regions. In contrast, gene expression was found to be positively correlated with both methylation and hydroxymethylation in both intragenic regions and intergenic regions proximal to ENCODE DNase I hypersensitivity sites (GEO Accession Number: GSM1008595), which are associated with open chromatin and may play a role in downstream gene regulation.
Interestingly, pathway-based analysis of these stratified tiers, grouped via the Molecular Complex Detection algorithm (MCODE) to identify pathway clusters with high biological significance, showed 5hmC and 5mC enrichment of the same pathways in each expression tier, suggesting a possible co-operative role for intragenic co-expression of these marks in regulating biological pathways. Clustered pathways co-enriched in intragenic 5mC and 5hmC showed strong enrichment in Gene Ontology terms related to core cellular functions within each expression tier, such as ion channel and transport regulation, primary metabolic processes, and protein and RNA binding. Currently, we are investigating these pathways to identify key candidate genes regulated by 5hmC and 5mC marks in normal prostate.
This is the first study to correlate locus-specific global 5hmC enrichment to expression in normal prostate cells. Our preliminary analysis has shown correlation between 5hmC and 5mC enrichment in genic, promoter, CpG island, and upstream DNase I hypersensitivity site-proximal regions and expression in RWPE-1 cells. Insights from this model will subsequently be explored via whole-genome differential analysis between normal prostate and PCa to determine the effect of epigenetic alterations in cancer on gene expression. Subsequently, our characterization of key cellular pathways exhibiting dynamic enrichment patterns for 5hmC or 5mC marks will potentially allow us to identify differentially epigenetically modified target genes implicated in prostate cancer tumorigenesis.
Citation Format: Shivani N. Kamdar, Linh T. Ho, Ruth Isserlin, Ken J. Kron, Theodorus van der Kwast, Alexandre R. Zlotta, Neil E. Fleshner, Gary Bader, Bharati Bapat. Genome-wide integrative analysis correlating locus-specific DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation to gene expression in normal prostate cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Computational and Systems Biology of Cancer; Feb 8-11 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 2):Abstract nr B1-32.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani N. Kamdar
- 1Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital & University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,
| | - Linh T. Ho
- 2University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,
| | - Ruth Isserlin
- 3The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, Canada,
| | - Ken J. Kron
- 2University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,
| | | | | | - Neil E. Fleshner
- 5Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Bader
- 3The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, Canada,
| | - Bharati Bapat
- 1Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital & University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Neuzillet Y, Mertens L, Shariat S, Bostrom P, Mirtti T, Sagalowsky A, Ashfaq R, Broeks A, Van der Heijden M, Peters D, Curial C, De Jong J, Horenblas S, Hurst C, Tomlinson D, Knowles M, Bapat B, Jewett M, Zlotta A, Sanders J, Lotan Y, Van der Kwast T, Van Rhijn B. [Not Available]. Prog Urol 2015; 24:806-7. [PMID: 26461579 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2014.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Neuzillet
- Service d'urologie, hôpital Foch, université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Suresnes, France.
| | - L Mertens
- Urology and Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Pays-Bas
| | - S Shariat
- Urology and Pathology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical center, Dallas, États-unis
| | - P Bostrom
- Urology, Pathology and Molecular medicine, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital and Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - T Mirtti
- Urology and Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finlande
| | - A Sagalowsky
- Urology and Pathology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical center, Dallas, États-unis
| | - R Ashfaq
- Urology and Pathology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical center, Dallas, États-unis
| | - A Broeks
- Urology and Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Pays-Bas
| | - M Van der Heijden
- Urology and Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Pays-Bas
| | - D Peters
- Urology and Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Pays-Bas
| | - C Curial
- Urology and Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Pays-Bas
| | - J De Jong
- Urology and Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Pays-Bas
| | - S Horenblas
- Urology and Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Pays-Bas
| | - C Hurst
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, Royaume-Uni
| | - D Tomlinson
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, Royaume-Uni
| | - M Knowles
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, Royaume-Uni
| | - B Bapat
- Urology, Pathology and Molecular medicine, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital and Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - M Jewett
- Urology, Pathology and Molecular medicine, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital and Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Zlotta
- Urology, Pathology and Molecular medicine, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital and Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Sanders
- Urology and Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Pays-Bas
| | - Y Lotan
- Urology and Pathology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical center, Dallas, États-unis
| | - T Van der Kwast
- Urology, Pathology and Molecular medicine, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital and Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - B Van Rhijn
- Urology and Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Pays-Bas
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Savio AJ, Lemire M, Mrkonjic M, Gallinger S, Zanke BW, Hudson TJ, Bapat B. Abstract 1058: Novel insights into the genetic and epigenetic regulation of the MLH1 CpG island and shore in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Gene silencing via CpG island hypermethylation contributes to colorectal cancer (CRC). We previously demonstrated that genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs) in the MLH1 gene promoter region are associated with MLH1 CpG island hypermethylation, MLH1 protein loss, and DNA mismatch repair deficiency in tumors. Recently, CpG-rich “shore” regions were identified flanking many CpG islands which exhibiting distinct methylation profiles among different tissues and in normal versus tumor states. To explore the role of MLH1 CpG island shore methylation, we performed global methylation profiling (Illumina 450K microarrays) to investigate DNA methylation in peripheral blood cell (PBC) DNA of over 800 CRC cases and 800 controls (Savio et al., 2012). We found that MLH1 CpG island shore hypomethylation occurred in PBC DNA of both cases and controls. Intriguingly, individuals carrying variant alleles of the MLH1 promoter SNP rs1800734 incur significant hypomethylation at the MLH1 CpG island shore, located 1.5 kb upstream irrespective of disease status. Based on these observations we sought to determine whether these SNP-associated epigenetic changes were apparent in other tissues, including CRC and normal colonic tissue. To address this, we investigated MLH1 CpG island shore methylation in matched PBC, normal colon, and tumor DNA of 349 CRC cases using the real-time PCR-based technique, MethyLight. Methylation was significantly lower in PBC DNA of CRC cases with variant SNP genotypes (both heterozygous and homozygous variant carriers) and this association was also observed in normal colonic DNA. The association between genotype and epigenotype was lost in tumor DNA, as no differences in methylation were seen among different genotypes. Hypermethylation in tumor DNA compared to normal tissues (PBC and colon) was also observed. This hypermethylation and lack of association between SNP genotype and shore methylation in tumors may indicate an epigenetic switch occurring. Bisulfite sequencing of DNA from fresh frozen tumors and paired normal colonic mucosa have recapitulated these results, with hypomethylation incurred in variant SNP carriers. Hypermethylation in tumor compared to normal DNA was also observed. Bisulfite sequencing of four CRC cell lines has also revealed SNP-dependent hypermethylation at the MLH1 CpG island shore. Taken together, we have integrated methylation data from a microarray platform, sensitive real-time PCR, and bisulfite sequencing for a comprehensive and systematic analysis of DNA methylation at the CpG island shore of MLH1 in multiple tissues of CRC cases, controls, and cell lines. These results indicate that static genetic variants can modulate dynamic epigenetic regulation at the MLH1 gene region, and may play a role in colorectal tumorigenesis.
Citation Format: Andrea J. Savio, Mathieu Lemire, Miralem Mrkonjic, Steven Gallinger, Brent W. Zanke, Thomas J. Hudson, Bharati Bapat. Novel insights into the genetic and epigenetic regulation of the MLH1 CpG island and shore in colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1058. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1058
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J. Savio
- 1University of Toronto, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lemire
- 2Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miralem Mrkonjic
- 1University of Toronto, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven Gallinger
- 1University of Toronto, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brent W. Zanke
- 3Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas J. Hudson
- 2Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bharati Bapat
- 1University of Toronto, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Brown J, Liepa A, Bapat B, Sleilaty G, Kaye J. P-090 Real-world treatment patterns of previously treated advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GC) in France. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv233.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
36
|
Briollais L, Ozcelik H, Kwiatkowski M, Xu J, Savas S, Olkhov-Mitsel E, Recker F, Kuk C, Hanna S, Fleshner NE, Juvet T, Friedlander M, Li H, Chadwick K, Trachtenberg J, Toi A, van der Kwast TH, Diamandis EP, Bapat B, Zlotta AR. MP61-01 FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF THE KALLIKREIN 6 REGION OF THE KALLIKREIN LOCUS IN GENETIC PREDISPOSITION FOR AGGRESSIVE (GLEASON ≥8) PROSTATE CANCER: FINE-MAPPING AND METHYLATION STUDY IN A CANADIAN COHORT AND THE SWISS ARM OF THE EUROPEAN RANDOMIZED STUDY FOR PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING. J Urol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
37
|
Hermanns T, Olkhov-Mitsel E, Savio A, Gill B, Sykes J, Bhindi B, Juvet T, Kuk C, Noon A, Rendon R, Waltregny D, van der Kwast TH, Finelli A, Fleshner NE, Lo K, Bapat B, Zlotta AR. MP68-04 A FIVE—GENE DNA—METHYLATION BIOMARKER PANEL SENSITIVELY DETECTS BLADDER CANCER AND DISCRIMINATES BETWEEN HIGH—GRADE AND LOW—GRADE DISEASE IN VOIDED URINE. J Urol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
38
|
Zhao F, Vesprini D, Olkhov-Mitsel E, Zdravic D, Zlotta A, Venkateswaran V, Loblaw A, Van Der Kwast T, Fleshner N, Klotz L, Bapat B. PD46-07 URINARY DNA METHYLATION BIOMARKERS: A NON-INVASIVE METHOD FOR PROSTATE CANCER MONITORING. J Urol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.2738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
39
|
Olkhov-Mitsel E, Siadat F, Trudel D, Kron K, Liu L, Fleshner NE, Van der Kwast T, Bapat B. MP6-14 DNA METHYLATION ABERRATIONS IN GLEASON PATTERN 4 PROSTATIC CARCINOMA WITH CRIBRIFORM ARCHITECTURE OR INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA: A RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY STUDY. J Urol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
40
|
Weisenberger DJ, Levine AJ, Long TI, Buchanan DD, Walters R, Clendenning M, Rosty C, Joshi AD, Stern MC, LeMarchand L, Lindor NM, Daftary D, Gallinger S, Selander T, Bapat B, Newcomb PA, Campbell PT, Casey G, Ahnen DJ, Baron JA, Haile RW, Hopper JL, Young JP, Laird PW, Siegmund KD. Association of the colorectal CpG island methylator phenotype with molecular features, risk factors, and family history. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:512-519. [PMID: 25587051 PMCID: PMC4355081 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) represents a subset of colorectal cancers characterized by widespread aberrant DNA hypermethylation at select CpG islands. The risk factors and environmental exposures contributing to etiologic heterogeneity between CIMP and non-CIMP tumors are not known. METHODS We measured the CIMP status of 3,119 primary population-based colorectal cancer tumors from the multinational Colon Cancer Family Registry. Etiologic heterogeneity was assessed by a case-case study comparing risk factor frequency of colorectal cancer cases with CIMP and non-CIMP tumors using logistic regression to estimate the case-case odds ratio (ccOR). RESULTS We found associations between tumor CIMP status and MSI-H (ccOR = 7.6), BRAF V600E mutation (ccOR = 59.8), proximal tumor site (ccOR = 9; all P < 0.0001), female sex [ccOR = 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5-2.1], older age (ccOR = 4.0 comparing over 70 years vs. under 50; 95% CI, 3.0-5.5), and family history of CRC (ccOR = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.5-0.7). While use of NSAIDs varied by tumor CIMP status for both males and females (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.02, respectively), use of multivitamin or calcium supplements did not. Only for female colorectal cancer was CIMP status associated with increased pack-years of smoking (Ptrend < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI; Ptrend = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The frequency of several colorectal cancer risk factors varied by CIMP status, and the associations of smoking and obesity with tumor subtype were evident only for females. IMPACT Differences in the associations of a unique DNA methylation-based subgroup of colorectal cancer with important lifestyle and environmental exposures increase understanding of the molecular pathologic epidemiology of this heavily methylated subset of colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(3); 512-9. ©2015 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Weisenberger
- USC Epigenome Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A. Joan Levine
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany I. Long
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel D. Buchanan
- Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhiannon Walters
- Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology
| | - Mark Clendenning
- Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology
| | - Christophe Rosty
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Amit D. Joshi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mariana C. Stern
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Loic LeMarchand
- Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
| | | | - Darshana Daftary
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Samuel Lunenfield Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Samuel Lunenfield Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Teresa Selander
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Samuel Lunenfield Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Samuel Lunenfield Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Polly A. Newcomb
- Epidemiology Department, University of Washington and Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dennis J. Ahnen
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | - John A. Baron
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert W. Haile
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne P. Young
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Peter W. Laird
- USC Epigenome Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly D. Siegmund
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation is a common feature across all cancer types. Epigenetic mechanisms, from DNA methylation to histone modifications, allow for a vast number of cellular phenotypes to be created from the same genetic material. Just as certain genetic changes play a key role in tumor initiation and progression, epigenetic changes may also set the course of tumor development and be required for malignant transformation. The most frequently studied epigenetic changes investigated thus far are global genomic DNA hypomethylation along with specific hypermethylation, predominantly at promoter CpG islands of tumor suppressor genes. In addition to DNA methylation changes at CpG islands, there is an abundance of other epigenetic alterations occurring within cancer cells including DNA methylation alterations outside of CpG islands, non-CpG methylation, changes in cytosine oxidative species (hydroxymethylcytosine, formylcytosine, carboxylcytosine) levels, and histone modifications. This chapter examines epigenetic alterations beyond the island, and summarizes recent findings in DNA-based epigenetic regulation of the two most commonly diagnosed cancers in the Western world: colorectal cancer and prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Savio
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Neuzillet Y, van Rhijn BWG, Prigoda NL, Bapat B, Liu L, Bostrom PJ, Fleshner NE, Gallie BL, Zlotta AR, Jewett MAS, van der Kwast TH. FGFR3 mutations, but not FGFR3 expression and FGFR3 copy-number variations, are associated with favourable non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Virchows Arch 2014; 465:207-13. [PMID: 24880661 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1596-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is a tyrosine kinase receptor frequently activated by point mutations in bladder cancer (BC). These mutations are associated with genetically stable, Ta and low-grade BC, representing the favourable BC pathway. Conversely, FGFR3 over-expression was recently found in 40 % of muscle invasive BC. We examined FGFR3 mutation status and protein expression in patients originally diagnosed as T1. We also investigated copy-number variations in FGFR3 as a possible alternative mechanism to activate FGFR3. We included 84 patients with T1 BC as their initial diagnosis. A uropathologist reviewed the slides for grade and (sub)stage. The FGFR3 mutation status was examined by PCR-SNaPshot and FGFR3 protein expression by standard immuno-histochemistry (FGFR3-B9). Copy-number status was determined in 69/84 cases with nine probes covering nine exons of the FGFR3 gene (MLPA). Of 27 BC with FGFR3 mutations, 26 (96 %) showed FGFR3 over-expression. Of the 57 wild-type BC, 27 (47 %) BC showed over-expression. Pathological parameters significantly differed (p < 0.01) between mutant and wild-type tumours with the FGFR3 mutation pointing to more favourable BC. However, if the BC exhibited wild-type FGFR3, FGFR3 protein status had no influence on grade and (sub)stage. We found six tumours with more than or equal to three copies of FGFR3. Only 1 of 22 wild-type tumours with over-expression of FGFR3 had more than or equal to three gene copies. In initially diagnosed T1 BC, only the FGFR3 mutation was significantly associated with favourable BC disease characteristics. In addition to almost all FGFR3 mutant BC, 47 % of wild-type BC displayed FGFR3 over-expression, suggesting an alternative mechanism to activate FGFR3. Increased FGFR3 copy number was a rare event and did not account for this mechanism. Nevertheless, FGFR3 wild-type tumours with over-expression of the protein may still represent a subset that might potentially benefit from FGFR3-targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Neuzillet
- Department of Surgical Oncology (Urology), The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Saraon P, Trudel D, Kron K, Dmitromanolakis A, Trachtenberg J, Bapat B, van der Kwast T, Jarvi KA, Diamandis EP. Evaluation and prognostic significance of ACAT1 as a marker of prostate cancer progression. Prostate 2014; 74:372-80. [PMID: 24311408 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among men in North America. While a majority of prostate cancer cases remain indolent, subsets of patients develop aggressive cancers, which may lead to death. The current methods of detection include digital rectal examination and the serum PSA test. However, due to lack of specificity, neither of these approaches is able to accurately discriminate between indolent and aggressive cancer, which is why there is a need for additional prognostic factors. Previously, we identified enzymes of the ketogenic pathway, particularly ACAT1, to be elevated in aggressive prostate cancer. METHODS In the current study, we assessed the diagnostic and prognostic potential of ACAT1 by analyzing its expression using immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray consisting of 251 clinically localized prostate cancer patients who have undergone radical prostatectomy. RESULTS Using quantitative digital imaging software, we found that ACAT1 expression was significantly greater in cancerous cores compared to adjacent benign cores (P < 0.0001), in Gleason score (GS) ≥8 cancers versus GS≤6 cancers (P < 0.0001), GS≥8 cancers versus GS7 cancers (P = 0.001), as well as pT3/pT4 versus pT2 cancers (P = 0.001). In addition, ACAT1 predicted biochemical recurrence in univariate (HR, 1.81, CI = 1.13-2.9, P = 0.0128), and multivariate models (HR, 1.69, CI = 1.01-2.81, P = 0.0431) including pre-operative PSA level, Gleason score and pathological stage. In univariate time-to-recurrence analysis, ACAT1 expression predicted recurrence in ERG negative cases (P = 0.0025), whereas ERG positive cases did not display any differences. DISCUSSION Taken together, these findings indicate that ACAT1 expression could serve as a potential prognostic marker in prostate cancer, specifically in differentiating indolent and aggressive forms of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Punit Saraon
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Briollais L, Xu J, Kwiatkowski M, Friedlander M, Recker F, Kuk C, Hanna S, Fleshner NE, Bapat B, Juvet T, Li H, van der Kwast TH, Diamandis EP, Zlotta AR, Ozcelik H. MP49-20 FINE-MAPPING OF THE KALLIKREIN REGION AND ITS ROLE IN PROSTATE CANCER AGGRESSIVENESS: RESULTS FROM A CANADIAN COHORT AND THE EUROPEAN RANDOMIZED STUDY FOR PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING. J Urol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
45
|
Mertens L, Zuiverloon T, Neuzillet Y, Shariat S, Abas C, Bostrom P, Vermeij M, Mirtti T, Sagalowsky A, Boormans J, Peters D, Ashfaq R, de Jong J, Broeks A, Fleshner N, Horenblas S, van Leenders A, Bapat B, Jewett M, Zlotta A, Sanders J, Lotan Y, van der Kwast T, Zwarthoff E, van Rhijn B. MP28-12 MOLECULAR MARKERS (FGFR3 MUTATION; P53 & KI-67 EXPRESSION) AND CLINICAL OUTCOME OF RADICAL CYSTECTOMY FOR BLADDER CANCER: A MULTICENTER, MULTILAB STUDY. J Urol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
46
|
Abstract
We report a comparative study of the features in dissociative double ionization by high energy electron impact of N2 and CO molecules. The ratio of cross-section of charge symmetric dissociative ionization to non-dissociative ionization (CSD-to-ND ratio) and the kinetic energy release (KER) spectra of dissociation are experimentally measured and carefully corrected for various ion transmission losses and detector inefficiencies. Given that the double ionization cross sections of these iso-electronic diatomics are very similar, the large difference in the CSD-to-ND ratios must be attributable to the differences in the evolution dynamics of the dications. To understand these differences, potential energy curves (PECs) of dications have been computed using multi-reference configuration interaction method. The Franck-Condon factors and tunneling life times of vibrational levels of dications have also been computed. While the KER spectrum of N2 (++) can be readily explained by considering dissociation via repulsive states and tunneling of meta-stable states, indirect dissociation processes such as predissociation and autoionization have to be taken into account to understand the major features of the KER spectrum of CO(++). Direct and indirect processes identified on the basis of the PECs and experimental KER spectra also provide insights into the differences in the CSD-to-ND ratios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Pandey
- Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - B Bapat
- Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - K R Shamasundar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Thompson BA, Spurdle AB, Plazzer JP, Greenblatt MS, Akagi K, Al-Mulla F, Bapat B, Bernstein I, Capellá G, den Dunnen JT, du Sart D, Fabre A, Farrell MP, Farrington SM, Frayling IM, Frebourg T, Goldgar DE, Heinen CD, Holinski-Feder E, Kohonen-Corish M, Robinson KL, Leung SY, Martins A, Moller P, Morak M, Nystrom M, Peltomaki P, Pineda M, Qi M, Ramesar R, Rasmussen LJ, Royer-Pokora B, Scott RJ, Sijmons R, Tavtigian SV, Tops CM, Weber T, Wijnen J, Woods MO, Macrae F, Genuardi M. Application of a 5-tiered scheme for standardized classification of 2,360 unique mismatch repair gene variants in the InSiGHT locus-specific database. Nat Genet 2013; 46:107-115. [PMID: 24362816 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The clinical classification of hereditary sequence variants identified in disease-related genes directly affects clinical management of patients and their relatives. The International Society for Gastrointestinal Hereditary Tumours (InSiGHT) undertook a collaborative effort to develop, test and apply a standardized classification scheme to constitutional variants in the Lynch syndrome-associated genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2. Unpublished data submission was encouraged to assist in variant classification and was recognized through microattribution. The scheme was refined by multidisciplinary expert committee review of the clinical and functional data available for variants, applied to 2,360 sequence alterations, and disseminated online. Assessment using validated criteria altered classifications for 66% of 12,006 database entries. Clinical recommendations based on transparent evaluation are now possible for 1,370 variants that were not obviously protein truncating from nomenclature. This large-scale endeavor will facilitate the consistent management of families suspected to have Lynch syndrome and demonstrates the value of multidisciplinary collaboration in the curation and classification of variants in public locus-specific databases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryony A Thompson
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John-Paul Plazzer
- Department of Colorectal Medicine and Genetics, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia
| | - Marc S Greenblatt
- Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Kiwamu Akagi
- Division of Molecular Diagnosis and Cancer Prevention, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Inge Bernstein
- Danish HNPCC Registry, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Surgical Gastroenterology Department, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Gabriel Capellá
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johan T den Dunnen
- Center of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Desiree du Sart
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aurelie Fabre
- INSERM UMR S910, Department of Medical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Marseille, France
| | - Michael P Farrell
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Mater Private Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susan M Farrington
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Ian M Frayling
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Thierry Frebourg
- Inserm U1079, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Rouen, France
| | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Medical School, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Christopher D Heinen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, UConn Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.,Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, UConn Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Elke Holinski-Feder
- MGZ - Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, Munich, Germany.,Klinikum der Universität München, Campus Innenstadt, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Munich, Germany
| | - Maija Kohonen-Corish
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kristina Lagerstedt Robinson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suet Yi Leung
- Hereditary Gastrointestinal Cancer Genetic Diagnosis Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Alexandra Martins
- Inserm U1079, University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Pal Moller
- Research Group on Inherited Cancer, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Monika Morak
- MGZ - Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, Munich, Germany.,Klinikum der Universität München, Campus Innenstadt, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Munich, Germany
| | - Minna Nystrom
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paivi Peltomaki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marta Pineda
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ming Qi
- Center for Genetic and Genomic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, James Watson Institute of Genomic Sciences, Beijing Genome Institute, China.,University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Rajkumar Ramesar
- MRC Human Genetics Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Rodney J Scott
- Discipline of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, The Hunter Medical Research Institute, NSW, Australia.,The Division of Molecular Medicine, Hunter Area Pathology Service, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Rolf Sijmons
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carli M Tops
- Center of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Weber
- State University of New York at Downstate, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Juul Wijnen
- Center of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michael O Woods
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Finlay Macrae
- Department of Colorectal Medicine and Genetics, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia
| | - Maurizio Genuardi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy.,Fiorgen Foundation for Pharmacogenomics, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Fragmentation kinematics of CS2 following various S(2p) Auger transitions is studied. Employing a combination of electron energy analysis and recoil ion momentum spectroscopy, changes in the dissociation channel yields, as well as the differences in the kinematical parameters for various bands of Auger hole states are presented. The fragmentation mechanism for dissociative channels leading to complete atomization of CS2(2+) molecular ion is studied in detail. We find that CS2(2+) does not retain linear geometry and is bent before undergoing concerted break-up. It is also observed that different geometric configurations of the CS2(2+) precursor result in different kinetic energy release values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Saha
- Physical Research Laboratory, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Saha K, Banerjee SB, Bapat B. A combined electron-ion spectrometer for studying complete kinematics of molecular dissociation upon shell selective ionization. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:073101. [PMID: 23902038 DOI: 10.1063/1.4811796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A combined electron-ion spectrometer has been built to study dissociation kinematics of molecular ions upon various electronic decay processes ensuing from ionization of neutral molecules. The apparatus can be used with various ionization agents. Ion time-of-flight (ToF) spectra arising from various electronic decay processes are acquired by triggering the ToF measurement in coincidence with energy analyzed electrons. The design and the performance of the spectrometer in a photoionization experiment is presented in detail. Electron spectra and ion time of flight spectra resulting from valence and 2p1∕2 ionization of Argon and those from valence ionization of CO are presented to demonstrate the capability of the instrument. The fragment ion spectra show remarkable differences (both kinematic and cross sectional) dependent on the energy of the ejected electron, corresponding to various electron loss and decay mechanisms in dissociative photoionization of molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Saha
- Physical Research Laboratory, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kron K, Trudel D, Pethe V, Briollais L, Fleshner N, van der Kwast T, Bapat B. Altered DNA Methylation Landscapes of Polycomb-Repressed Loci Are Associated with Prostate Cancer Progression and ERG Oncogene Expression in Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:3450-61. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|