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Salamin Y, Baeuerle B, Heni W, Abrecht FC, Josten A, Fedoryshyn Y, Haffner C, Bonjour R, Watanabe T, Burla M, Elder DL, Dalton LR, Leuthold J. Microwave plasmonic mixer in a transparent fibre-wireless link. Nat Photonics 2018; 12:749-753. [PMID: 30532800 PMCID: PMC6276987 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-018-0281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To cope with the high bandwidth requirements of wireless applications1, carrier frequencies are shifting towards the millimetre-wave and terahertz bands2-5. Conversely, data is normally transported to remote wireless antennas by optical fibres. Therefore, full transparency and flexibility to switch between optical and wireless domains would be desirable6,7. Here, we demonstrate for the first time a direct wireless-to-optical receiver in a transparent optical link. We successfully transmit 20 and 10 Gbit/s over wireless distances of 1 and 5 m at a carrier frequency of 60 GHz, respectively. Key to the breakthrough was a plasmonic mixer directly mapping the wireless information onto optical signals. The plasmonic scheme with its subwavelength feature and pronounced field confinement provides a built-in field enhancement of up to 90'000 over the incident field in an ultra-compact and CMOS compatible structure. The plasmonic mixer is not limited by electronic speed and thus compatible with future terahertz technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Salamin
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF), 8092
Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence and requests for
materials should be addressed to Y.S. or J.L.
,
| | - B. Baeuerle
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF), 8092
Zurich, Switzerland
| | - W. Heni
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF), 8092
Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F. C. Abrecht
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF), 8092
Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A. Josten
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF), 8092
Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Y. Fedoryshyn
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF), 8092
Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. Haffner
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF), 8092
Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R. Bonjour
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF), 8092
Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T. Watanabe
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF), 8092
Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Burla
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF), 8092
Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D. L. Elder
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle,
WA 98195-1700, USA
| | - L. R. Dalton
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle,
WA 98195-1700, USA
| | - J. Leuthold
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF), 8092
Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence and requests for
materials should be addressed to Y.S. or J.L.
,
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2
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Haffner C. Zahnärztliche Prävention in der Pflege – Sinn oder Unsinn? Gesundheitswesen 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1602075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Haffner
- Zahnmedizin im Städtischen Klinikum München, München
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3
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Hoessbacher C, Josten A, Baeuerle B, Fedoryshyn Y, Hettrich H, Salamin Y, Heni W, Haffner C, Kaiser C, Schmid R, Elder DL, Hillerkuss D, Möller M, Dalton LR, Leuthold J. Plasmonic modulator with >170 GHz bandwidth demonstrated at 100 GBd NRZ. Opt Express 2017. [PMID: 29519029 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.001762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a plasmonic Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulator with a flat frequency response exceeding 170 GHz. The modulator comprises two phase modulators exploiting the Pockels effect of an organic electro-optic material in plasmonic slot waveguides. We further show modulation at 100 GBd NRZ and 60 GBd PAM-4. The electrical drive signals were generated using a 100 GSa/s digital to analog converter (DAC). The high-speed and small-scale devices are relevant for next-generation optical interconnects.
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4
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Gulati G, Bennett MR, Abulaban K, Song H, Zhang X, Ma Q, Brodsky SV, Nadasdy T, Haffner C, Wiley K, Ardoin SP, Devarajan P, Ying J, Rovin BH, Brunner HI. Prospective validation of a novel renal activity index of lupus nephritis. Lupus 2016; 26:927-936. [PMID: 28361601 DOI: 10.1177/0961203316684212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The renal activity index for lupus (RAIL) score was developed in children with lupus nephritis as a weighted sum of six urine biomarkers (UBMs) (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, ceruloplasmin, adiponectin, hemopexin and kidney injury molecule 1) measured in a random urine sample. We aimed at prospectively validating the RAIL in adults with lupus nephritis. Methods Urine from 79 adults was collected at the time of kidney biopsy to assay the RAIL UBMs. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, we evaluated the accuracy of the RAIL to discriminate high lupus nephritis activity status (National Institutes of Health activity index (NIH-AI) score >10), from low/moderate lupus nephritis activity status (NIH-AI score ≤10). Results In this mixed racial cohort, high lupus nephritis activity was present in 15 patients (19%), and 71% had proliferative lupus nephritis. Use of the identical RAIL algorithm developed in children resulted in only fair prediction of lupus nephritis activity status of adults (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.62). Alternative weightings of the six RAIL UBMs as suggested by logistic regression yielded excellent accuracy to predict lupus nephritis activity status (AUC 0.88). Accuracy of the model did not improve with adjustment of the UBMs for urine creatinine or albumin, and was little influenced by concurrent kidney damage. Conclusions The RAIL UBMs provide excellent prediction of lupus nephritis activity in adults. Age adaption of the RAIL is warranted to optimize its discriminative validity to predict high lupus nephritis activity status non-invasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gulati
- 1 Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA
| | - M R Bennett
- 2 Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA
| | - K Abulaban
- 3 Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Helen DeVos Childrens Hospital, USA.,4 Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA
| | - H Song
- 5 Division of Nephrology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA
| | - X Zhang
- 5 Division of Nephrology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA
| | - Q Ma
- 2 Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA
| | - S V Brodsky
- 6 Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA
| | - T Nadasdy
- 6 Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA
| | - C Haffner
- 2 Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA
| | - K Wiley
- 4 Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA
| | - S P Ardoin
- 7 Division of Rheumatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA
| | - P Devarajan
- 2 Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA
| | - J Ying
- 8 Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA
| | - B H Rovin
- 5 Division of Nephrology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA
| | - H I Brunner
- 4 Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA
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5
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Bonjour R, Burla M, Abrecht FC, Welschen S, Hoessbacher C, Heni W, Gebrewold SA, Baeuerle B, Josten A, Salamin Y, Haffner C, Johnston PV, Elder DL, Leuchtmann P, Hillerkuss D, Fedoryshyn Y, Dalton LR, Hafner C, Leuthold J. Plasmonic phased array feeder enabling ultra-fast beam steering at millimeter waves. Opt Express 2016; 24:25608-25618. [PMID: 27828496 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.025608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate an integrated microwave phoneeded for beamtonics phased array antenna feeder at 60 GHz with a record-low footprint. Our design is based on ultra-compact plasmonic phase modulators (active area <2.5µm2) that not only provide small size but also ultra-fast tuning speed. In our design, the integrated circuit footprint is in fact only limited by the contact pads of the electrodes and by the optical feeding waveguides. Using the high speed of the plasmonic modulators, we demonstrate beam steering with less than 1 ns reconfiguration time, i.e. the beam direction is reconfigured in-between 1 GBd transmitted symbols.
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6
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Heni W, Hoessbacher C, Haffner C, Fedoryshyn Y, Baeuerle B, Josten A, Hillerkuss D, Salamin Y, Bonjour R, Melikyan A, Kohl M, Elder DL, Dalton LR, Hafner C, Leuthold J. High speed plasmonic modulator array enabling dense optical interconnect solutions. Opt Express 2015; 23:29746-57. [PMID: 26698457 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.029746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic modulators might pave the way for a new generation of compact low-power high-speed optoelectronic devices. We introduce an extremely compact transmitter based on plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulators offering a capacity of 4 × 36 Gbit/s on a footprint that is only limited by the size of the high-speed contact pads. The transmitter array is contacted through a multicore fiber with a channel spacing of 50 μm.
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7
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Melikyan A, Koehnle K, Lauermann M, Palmer R, Koeber S, Muehlbrandt S, Schindler PC, Elder DL, Wolf S, Heni W, Haffner C, Fedoryshyn Y, Hillerkuss D, Sommer M, Dalton LR, Van Thourhout D, Freude W, Kohl M, Leuthold J, Koos C. Plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators for OOK and BPSK signaling at 40 Gbit/s. Opt Express 2015; 23:9938-9946. [PMID: 25969035 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.009938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on high-speed plasmonic-organic hybrid Mach-Zehnder modulators comprising ultra-compact phase shifters with lengths as small as 19 µm. Choosing an optimum phase shifter length of 29 µm, we demonstrate 40 Gbit/s on-off keying (OOK) modulation with direct detection and a BER < 6 × 10(-4). Furthermore, we report on a 29 µm long binary-phase shift keying (BPSK) modulator and show that it operates error-free (BER < 1 × 10(-10)) at data rates up to 40 Gbit/s and with an energy consumption of 70 fJ/bit.
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8
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Segaud N, Haffner C, Philippe P, Deprez X, Houvenagel E, Coquerel P, Cortet B, Flipo RM. SAT0242 Therapeutic Response to TOCILIZUMAB in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Does Body Weight Have an Influence? Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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9
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Haffner C, Folwaczny M, Galler K, Hickel R. Accuracy of electronic apex locators in comparison to actual length—an in vivo study. J Dent 2005; 33:619-25. [PMID: 16139692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2004.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2004] [Revised: 11/12/2004] [Accepted: 11/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The measurement precision of four electronic apex locators (Root ZX, Morita, Tokyo, Japan; Endy, Loser, Leverkusen, Germany; Justy II, Hager-Werken, Duisburg, Germany; Endox Lysis, Milan, Italy) was examined in the present in vivo study. METHODS The root canal length of 40 single-rooted and multi-rooted teeth was determined with the four devices prior to tooth extraction. To determine the actual root canal length, the apical third was longitudinally sectioned, the root canal instrument was positioned and the apex was examined using a microscope. RESULTS The average measurement deviation (+/-SD) in relation to the apical constriction was 0.3 mm (+/-0.6) for the Root ZX, 0.7 mm (+/-1.0) for the Endy, 0.2 mm (+/-0.7) for the Justy II and 1.3 mm (+/-1.7) for the Endox. The limit of +/-0.5 mm from the apical constriction was attained by the Root ZX in 78%, by the Endy in 67%, by the Justy II in 80% and by Endox in 31% of all measurements. CONCLUSIONS The latest generation of apex locaters provide the clinician with an accurate and useful adjunct for the determination of root canal length.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Haffner
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Goethestrasse 70, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
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10
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Haffner C, Germain P, Roul G, Jahn C, Beaujeux R, Bareiss P. [Value and limitations of coronary artery imaging with the MRI navigator technique. Comparison with coronary angiography results in 37 patients]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 2002; 95:910-8. [PMID: 12462901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of a non-invasive method of imaging the coronary arteries would be a great advance in daily cardiological practice. The authors report their experience of imaging the coronary arteries with 1 Tesla MRI using the "navigator technique". Twenty-five sections 1.2 mm thick, focused on the proximal left coronary artery, were acquired with a 512 matrix, without injecting contrast during normal respiration with a tolerance on the portion of the right diaphragmatic cupola of 5 mm. Analysis of the coronary segments included in the field of view was performed on native sections after curve reconstruction and on targetedMIP series. A comparison of the results with respect to conventional coronary angiography showed a relatively limited visualisation of the proximal coronary segments because, in addition to the impossibility of carrying out the investigation in 24% of cases (faulty cardiac or respiratory synchronisation, poor signal/noise ratio), only 93% of the left main coronary and 75% of the proximal left anterior descending arteries could be visualised. In the analyzable segments, the diagnostic performances were modest with a global sensitivity of 60.8% and specificity of 91%. With the exception of the left main coronary artery, the sensitivities observed did not make MRI of the coronary arteries a rival to conventional coronary angiography. These limited performances may be explained by the lack of rapidity of the sequences of acquisition compared to the rapid motion of the structures under investigation whose dimensions are 5 to 10 times smaller than their amplitude of excursion. Technical developments are regularly accomplished in this domain, especially 3rd generation sequences in apnoea with injection of contrast media. At present, despite some results reported in the literature, angio-MRI of the coronary arteries cannot be used reliably to guide clinical decisions in coronary artery disease with the exception of some situations like congenital abnormalities of the coronary arteries, non-invasive follow-up of coronary aneurysms or analysis of the left main coronary artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Haffner
- Service de cardiologie, hôpital de Hautepierre, 67098 Strasbourg
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11
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Cremona O, Nimmakayalu M, Haffner C, Bray-Ward P, Ward DC, De Camilli P. Assignment of SYNJ1 to human chromosome 21q22.2 and Synj12 to the murine homologous region on chromosome 16C3-4 by in situ hybridization. Cytogenet Cell Genet 2000; 88:89-90. [PMID: 10773674 DOI: 10.1159/000015493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Cremona
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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12
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Rondeau M, Haffner C, Fröhlig P, Alt M, Storck D, Weber J. Un phénomène bien de chez nous. Rev Med Interne 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(00)89273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Haffner C, Di Paolo G, Rosenthal JA, de Camilli P. Direct interaction of the 170 kDa isoform of synaptojanin 1 with clathrin and with the clathrin adaptor AP-2. Curr Biol 2000; 10:471-4. [PMID: 10801423 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00446-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Synaptojanin 1, a polyphosphoinositide phosphatase, is expressed as two major alternatively spliced isoforms of 145 kDa (SJ145) and 170 kDa (SJ170) [1] [2], which are thought to have pleiotropic roles in endocytosis, signaling and actin function [3] [4] [5]. SJ145 is highly enriched in nerve terminals where it participates in clathrin-dependent synaptic vesicle recycling [1] [5]. SJ170, which differs from SJ145 by the presence of a carboxy-terminal extension, is the predominant isoform in developing neurons and is expressed in a variety of tissues [2]. The carboxy-terminal domain unique to SJ170 was previously shown to bind Eps15 [6], a protein involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis. Here, we show that the same domain also binds clathrin and the clathrin adaptor AP-2. These interactions occur both in vitro and in vivo and are direct. Binding of AP-2 is mediated by the ear domain of its alpha-adaptin subunit and binding of clathrin by the amino-terminal domain of its heavy chain. Overexpression in chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells of full-length SJ170 or its unique carboxy-terminal region caused mislocalization of Eps15, AP-2 and clathrin, as well as inhibition of clathrin-dependent transferrin uptake. These findings suggest a close association of SJ170 with the clathrin coat and provide new evidence for its physiological role in the regulation of clathrin coat dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Haffner
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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14
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Abstract
Plakophilin 1, a member of the armadillo multigene family, is a protein with dual localization in the nucleus and in desmosomes. To elucidate its role in desmosome assembly and regulation, we have analyzed its localization and binding partners in vivo. When overexpressed in HaCaT keratinocytes, plakophilin 1 localized to the nucleus and to desmosomes, and dramatically enhanced the recruitment of desmosomal proteins to the plasma membrane. This effect was mediated by plakophilin 1's head domain, which interacted with desmoglein 1, desmoplakin, and keratins in the yeast two-hybrid system. Overexpression of the armadillo repeat domain induced a striking dominant negative phenotype with the formation of filopodia and long cellular protrusions, where plakophilin 1 colocalized with actin filaments. This phenotype was strictly dependent on a conserved motif in the center of the armadillo repeat domain. Our results demonstrate that plakophilin 1 contains two functionally distinct domains: the head domain, which could play a role in organizing the desmosomal plaque in suprabasal cells, and the armadillo repeat domain, which might be involved in regulating the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hatzfeld
- Molecular Biology Group of the Medical Faculty, University of Halle, 06097 Halle/Saale, Germany.
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15
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Folwaczny M, Mehl A, Haffner C, Benz C, Hickel R. Root substance removal with Er:YAG laser radiation at different parameters using a new delivery system. J Periodontol 2000; 71:147-55. [PMID: 10711604 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2000.71.2.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recently introduced Er:YAG laser radiation appears to be a promising alternative in treating dental hard tissue due to its thermo-mechanical ablation properties and the lack of thermal side effects. The present in vitro study attempted to evaluate the use of Er:YAG laser radiation in combination with a specially developed delivery system in removing calculus from root surfaces. METHODS Fifty extracted anterior teeth, premolars and molars, were divided into 2 groups of 25 each with (group A) and without (group B) subgingival calculus. Source of radiation was an Er:YAG laser device with a wavelength of 2.94 microm, in the infrared optical spectrum, a pulse duration of 250 ns, and a pulse repetition rate of 15 pps. In each group, 6 teeth were irradiated with 300 laser pulses either at 60 mJ, 80 mJ, 100 mJ, or 150 mJ. The samples were continually moved linearly using a computer numeric controlled device. The volumetric evaluation of root substance removal was performed with a 3-dimensional laser scanning system (100,000 surface points per sample, accuracy: 5 microm) and special image analyzing software. A scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation was performed to assess the laser induced ultrastructural changes on the root surfaces. Statistical analysis was carried out with ANOVA followed by the Scheff*e test and with regression analysis according to Pearson-Bravais at a level of significance of 5% (P <0.05). RESULTS The linear measurement of substance removal on calculus samples (group A) revealed average depths between 174.38 (+/-16.13) microm and 501.85 (+/-111.01) microm. Defect depths on the teeth without calculus (group B) ranged from 37.78 (+/-14.03) microm to 484.44 (+/-80.63) microm. The SEM observation of laser-treated root surfaces revealed no signs of thermal damage; e.g., melting, fusion, or cracking. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study showed that a substance removal with Er:YAG laser radiation at lower energy densities is comparable, in effect, to that after conventional root surface instrumentation with curets. The results seem to indicate that calculus removal can be selectively done using lower radiation energies. Considering the favorable results of the SEM investigation, the use of the Er:YAG laser in periodontal therapy may be possible in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Folwaczny
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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16
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial properties of Er:YAG-laser radiation in dental root canals. The root canals of 90 freshly extracted anterior teeth were enlarged mechanically, sterilized, and randomly divided into subgroups of 10 samples. The root canals were inoculated with Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus for 2 h. The laser treatment groups were exposed for either 15 or 60 s to Er:YAG-laser radiation (pulse energy: 50 mJ; 15 pps). Additionally, for each bacterial strain, one sample group was rinsed with a NaOCl solution (1.25%), and one was left untreated as control. After irradiation or irrigation, the number of bacteria was evaluated using the surface spread plate technique. In the case of S. aureus, the primary bacterial load (control group) of the root canals was reduced to 0.15% after 15 s and 0.06% after 60 s of laser treatment. In the E. coli group, the number of bacteria was diminished to 0.13%, with the shorter radiation time and to 0.034% after 60 s of radiation. Irrigating the root canals with NaOCl, a reduction of the number of bacteria to 0.033% for S. aureus and to 0.020% for E. coli could be obtained. As the results confirm, Er:YAG-laser radiation exerts very effective antimicrobial properties in dental root canals, depending on the time of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mehl
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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17
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Folwaczny M, Mehl A, Haffner C, Hickel R. Substance removal on teeth with and without calculus using 308 nm XeCl excimer laser radiation. An in vitro investigation. J Clin Periodontol 1999; 26:306-12. [PMID: 10355622 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.1999.260508.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It was the aim of this in vitro study to determine the potential effects of 308 nm XeCl excimer laser radiation on root surfaces when used for removing calcified deposits. The source of laser radiation was a XeCl-excimer laser (MAX 10, Fa. Medolas, Germany) emitting ultraviolet radiation at a wavelength of 308 nm with a pulse duration of 60 ns. Subjects of irradiation were 60 extracted teeth which were divided into 2 groups of 30 samples each with (group 1) and without calculus (group 2). Specimens were irradiated with 800 laser pulses at 5 different energy-densities per pulse of 1.0 J/cm2, 2.0 J/cm2, 3.0 J/cm2, 4.0 J/cm2 and 5.0 J/cm2. For each parameter 6 samples (n=6) were exposed to 308 nm excimer-laser radiation. The ablation of hard tissue on the treated root surfaces was measured 3-dimensionally with a laser scanning device (100,000 surface points per sample; accuracy: 5 microm) and evaluated with a special image analyzing software (volume, mean, median, standard deviation). In addition, a scanning electron microscopic (SEM) evaluation of the irradiated root surfaces was performed. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA with the Scheffé-test. The lowest amount of ablation on teeth without calculus was induced with 14.01 (+/-5.86) microm using laser radiation at an energy density of 2.0 J/cm2. Maximum tissue removal in this sample group was obtained with 56.67 (+/-21.05) microm with laser treatment at an energy density of 5.0 J/cm2. While no ablation of dental cementum was detectable after irradiating root surfaces without calculus at 1.0 J/cm2, a strong removal of calculus with a mean value of 31.91 (+/-4.2) microm was observed under these conditions. The results seem to indicate that a selective removal of subgingival calculus creating a homogenous shape of the root surface with 308 nm excimer laser radiation is possible. Furthermore, no signs of the formation of a smear layer nor the induction of thermal side-effects were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Folwaczny
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
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18
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Pessa JE, Zadoo VP, Mutimer KL, Haffner C, Yuan C, DeWitt AI, Garza JR. Relative maxillary retrusion as a natural consequence of aging: combining skeletal and soft-tissue changes into an integrated model of midfacial aging. Plast Reconstr Surg 1998; 102:205-12. [PMID: 9655429 DOI: 10.1097/00006534-199807000-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of maxillary retrusion to the formation of the nasolabial fold is evaluated in the present study. Clinical observation of patients from the craniofacial unit with concomitant maxillary retrusion revealed prominent signs of midfacial aging: specifically these individuals displayed a prominent nasolabial fold at an early age. This observation led to the hypothesis that relative maxillary retrusion occurs as a normal feature of the aging process. Retrusion of the lower facial skeleton below the soft tissue of the nasolabial fold causes the nasolabial fold to appear more prominent. To test this hypothesis, computed tomographic data were assembled retrospectively and included both males and females, young and old. The age range of the males (n = 14) was 18 to 24 years (young) and 43 to 57 years (old); the age range of the females (n = 14) was 15 to 30 years (young) and 43 to 57 years (old). All individuals had complete upper dentition and had no bony facial injury. Computed tomographic data were reconstructed into three-dimensional images, and a technique was developed to create a standardized lateral view which eliminated rotational variance. Analysis of anterior-posterior changes showed that there is a tendency for the lower maxillary skeleton at pyriform to become retrusive with age relative to the upper face in individuals with complete dentition. Findings were very significant for both males and females (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.002, respectively). In both groups, a slight increase in vertical maxillary dimension was noted, consistent with previous studies. It is suggested that relative maxillary retrusion is a factor in the development of the nasolabial fold. The skeletal features of normal midfacial aging can be combined with the soft-tissue features such as ptosis and atrophy into an integrated model of midfacial aging. A model such as this has significance regarding both the timing and choice of procedure used to restore the aging midface.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Pessa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7844, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The polishing and coating of ceramic surfaces is recommended in order to improve the physical properties of dental ceramics. Conventional methods for the surface treatment of dental ceramic materials are not capable of creating a smooth surface without microcracks. The special radiation characteristics of XeCl excimer laser light indicate that it must be possible to treat ceramic surfaces in order to produce a polished finish. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of XeCl excimer laser radiation for the polishing and coating of dental ceramics. METHODS Samples (n = 64) of four different dental ceramic materials were irradiated with 308 nm XeCl excimer laser radiation at varying energy densities per laser pulse of 1.57, 3.14, and 6.28 J cm-2. In detail, the subjects for irradiation were samples of Ivoclar-Empress (leucite-reinforced feldspathic ceramic), In-Ceram Spinell (double crystalline spinell ceramic), In-Ceram Alumina (alumina oxide; continous interpenetrating phase composite ceramic) and Vita-Mark II (feldspathic ceramic). The roughness (Ra) of the laser-treated ceramic surfaces was measured using a profilometer. In addition, SEM and AFM investigations of the changes in surface structure were conducted. The changes in surface roughness due to laser treatment were analyzed for their statistical significance using ANOVA with the Scheffé test at a level of significance of 0.05% (p < 0.05). Depending on the type of ceramic material and the energy density of the radiation, varying reductions of the surface roughness were obtained. In general, minimum values of the roughness were measured on samples irradiated with maximum energy density of radiation. RESULTS The lowest roughness value was obtained for the specimen of In-Ceram Spinell: 1.30 (+/- 0.19) microns. The mean value for minimal roughness of Ivoclar-Empress was 1.92 (+/- 0.35) microns, that for In-Ceram Alumina was 2.04 (+/- 0.49) microns, and that for Vita-Mark II was 2.72 (+/- 0.40) microns. Ultrastructural examination of laser-treated ceramics in part demonstrated both extensive fusion and inhomogeneous surfaces with blistering and the formation of microcracks. SIGNIFICANCE It is concluded that the physical roughness of dental ceramic surfaces can be significantly reduced by 308 nm excimer laser irradiation. Nevertheless, the laser-treated surface was in no case completely fused and the formation of microcracks and blistering was observed. Therefore, after using an XeCl excimer laser for finishing dental ceramic alloys, further polishing of the laser-treated ceramic surfaces will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Folwaczny
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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Haffner C, Takei K, Chen H, Ringstad N, Hudson A, Butler MH, Salcini AE, Di Fiore PP, De Camilli P. Synaptojanin 1: localization on coated endocytic intermediates in nerve terminals and interaction of its 170 kDa isoform with Eps15. FEBS Lett 1997; 419:175-80. [PMID: 9428629 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)01451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Synaptojanin 1 is an inositol 5-phosphatase with a putative role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Goal of this study was to provide new evidence for this hypothesis. We show that synaptojanin 1 is concentrated at clathrin-coated endocytic intermediates in nerve terminals. Furthermore, we report that synaptojanin-170, an alternatively spliced isoform of synaptojanin 1, binds Eps15, a clathrin coat-associated protein. Binding is mediated by the COOH-terminal region of synaptojanin-170 which we show here to be poorly conserved from rat to humans, but to contain in both species three asparagine-proline-phenylalanine (NPF) repeats. This motif has been found to be the core of the binding site for the EH domains of Eps15. Together with previous data, our results suggest that synaptojanin 1 can be recruited to clathrin-coated pits via a multiplicity of interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Haffner
- Department of Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Nemoto Y, Arribas M, Haffner C, DeCamilli P. Synaptojanin 2, a novel synaptojanin isoform with a distinct targeting domain and expression pattern. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:30817-21. [PMID: 9388224 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.49.30817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptojanin (synaptojanin 1) is a recently identified inositol 5'-phosphatase, which is highly enriched in nerve terminals and is implicated in synaptic vesicle recycling. It is composed of three domains: an amino-terminal SacI homology region, a central inositol 5'-phosphatase homology region, and a carboxyl-terminal proline-rich region. We have now identified and characterized a novel form of synaptojanin, synaptojanin 2, which has a broader tissue distribution. Synaptojanin 2 cDNA from rat brain library encodes a protein of 1,248 amino acids with a predicted Mr of 138,268. The two synaptojanin isoforms share 57.2 and 53.8% amino acid identity in their SacI and phosphatase domains, respectively. In marked contrast, their carboxyl-terminal proline-rich regions bear little homology. Expression of synaptojanin 2 in COS7 cells produced a 140-kDa protein with inositol 5'-phosphatase actvity. Protein binding assays demonstrated that among the major src homology 3-proteins known to bind to the proline-rich region of synaptojanin 1, Grb2, amphiphysin, and members of SH3p4/8/13 protein family, only Grb2 bound to that of synaptojanin 2. Furthermore, subcellular fractionation studies in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells revealed that synaptojanin 2 was predominantly associated with the particulate fraction while synaptojanin 1 was mainly localized in the soluble fraction. This observation suggests that the proline-rich regions of synaptojanins 1 and 2 are implicated in different protein-protein interactions and direct the two isoforms to different subcellular compartments. Our results demonstrate the presence of a family of synaptojanin-type inositol 5'-phosphatases with different tissue and subcellular distributions, which may be involved in distinct membrane trafficking and signal transduction pathways in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nemoto
- Department of Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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Reinhard M, Giehl K, Abel K, Haffner C, Jarchau T, Hoppe V, Jockusch BM, Walter U. The proline-rich focal adhesion and microfilament protein VASP is a ligand for profilins. EMBO J 1995; 14:1583-9. [PMID: 7737110 PMCID: PMC398250 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Profilins are small proteins that form complexes with G-actin and phosphoinositides and are therefore considered to link the microfilament system to signal transduction pathways. In addition, they bind to poly-L-proline, but the biological significance of this interaction is not yet known. The recent molecular cloning of the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), an established in vivo substrate of cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases, revealed the presence of a proline-rich domain which prompted us to investigate a possible interaction with profilins. VASP is a microfilament and focal adhesion associated protein which is also concentrated in highly dynamic regions of the cell cortex. Here, we demonstrate that VASP is a natural proline-rich profilin ligand. Human platelet VASP bound directly to purified profilins from human platelets, calf thymus and birch pollen. Moreover, VASP and a novel protein were specifically extracted from total cell lysates by profilin affinity chromatography and subsequently eluted either with poly-L-proline or a peptide corresponding to a proline-rich VASP motif. Finally, the subcellular distributions of VASP and profilin suggest that both proteins also interact within living cells. Our data support the hypothesis that profilin and VASP act in concert to convey signal transduction to actin filament formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reinhard
- Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Klinische Biochemie und Pathobiochemie, Würzburg, Germany
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Haffner C, Jarchau T, Reinhard M, Hoppe J, Lohmann SM, Walter U. Molecular cloning, structural analysis and functional expression of the proline-rich focal adhesion and microfilament-associated protein VASP. EMBO J 1995; 14:19-27. [PMID: 7828592 PMCID: PMC398048 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb06971.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), a substrate for cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases in vitro and in intact cells, is associated with actin filaments, focal adhesions and dynamic membrane regions. VASP, cloned here from human HL-60 and canine MDCK cells, is organized into three distinct domains. A central proline-rich domain contains a GPPPPP motif as a single copy and as a 3-fold tandem repeat, as well as three conserved phosphorylation sites for cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases. A C-terminal domain contains a repetitive mixed-charge cluster which is predicted to form an alpha-helix. The hydrodynamic properties of purified human VASP together with the calculated molecular mass of cloned VASP suggest that the native protein is a homotetramer with an elongated structure. VASP over-expressed in transiently transfected BHK21 cells was predominantly detected at stress fibres, at focal adhesions and in F-actin-containing cell surface protrusions, whereas truncated VASP lacking the C-terminal domain was no longer concentrated at focal adhesions. These data indicate that the C-terminal domain is required for anchoring VASP at focal adhesion sites, whereas the central domain is suggested to mediate VASP interaction with profilin. Our results provide evidence for the structural basis by which VASP, both a target of the cAMP and cGMP signal transduction pathways and a component of the actin-based cytoskeleton, including the cytoskeleton-membrane interface, may be able to exchange signals between these networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Haffner
- Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Klinische Forschergruppe, Würzburg, Germany
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Walter U, Geiger J, Haffner C, Markert T, Nehls C, Silber RE, Schanzenbächer P. Platelet-vessel wall interactions, focal adhesions, and the mechanism of action of endothelial factors. Agents Actions Suppl 1995; 45:255-68. [PMID: 7717187 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7346-8_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells produce a variety of vasoactive substances including prostacyclin (PGI2) and endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF/NO) which are potent inhibitors of platelet adhesion/aggregation and vascular smooth muscle cell contraction/proliferation. PGI2 and EDRF elevate cAMP or cGMP, respectively, in vascular cells and other targets. The intracellular effects of cAMP and cGMP in vascular smooth muscle cells and platelets are primarily mediated by the family of cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases and their substrates. Important effector systems include enzymes, channels and regulatory proteins responsible for the regulation of intracellular Ca++. Other evidence suggests that VASP, a focal adhesion protein phosphorylated in platelets and smooth muscle cells in response to PGI2 and EDRF, is important for the regulation of integrins and cell-matrix interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Walter
- Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Würzburg Germany
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Domann E, Wehland J, Niebuhr K, Haffner C, Leimeister-Wächter M, Chakraborty T. Detection of a prfA-independent promoter responsible for listeriolysin gene expression in mutant Listeria monocytogenes strains lacking the PrfA regulator. Infect Immun 1993; 61:3073-5. [PMID: 8514414 PMCID: PMC280962 DOI: 10.1128/iai.61.7.3073-3075.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of listeriolysin, a major virulence factor of pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes, is positively regulated by the pleiotropic virulence regulator PrfA. In this study, we demonstrate that L. monocytogenes strains lacking the prfA regulator gene produce listeriolysin in small, albeit detectable, amounts when analyzed in a hemolysin assay and by immunoblots with listeriolysin-specific monoclonal antibodies. Transcriptional analysis revealed the existence of a PrfA-independent promoter that was responsible for the hemolytic activity expressed by these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Domann
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Klinikum der Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Germany
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Leimeister-Wächter M, Haffner C, Domann E, Goebel W, Chakraborty T. Identification of a gene that positively regulates expression of listeriolysin, the major virulence factor of listeria monocytogenes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:8336-40. [PMID: 2122460 PMCID: PMC54950 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.21.8336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have isolated, by molecular cloning and genetic complementation of a listeriolysin-negative mutant, a gene required for the expression of this virulence factor in Listeria monocytogenes. The mutant strain SLCC53, which was nonhemolytic and avirulent, harbored a deletion of 450 base pairs located approximately 1500 base pairs upstream of the listeriolysin gene. No transcripts corresponding to the listeriolysin gene were detected in the mutant. DNA sequencing of this region from the hemolytic strain EGD revealed that the region deleted in the mutant would abrogate expression of a 27-kDa polypeptide. Introduction of a recombinant plasmid expressing this 27-kDa polypeptide restored hemolytic activity to the mutant and increased the hemolytic activity of the wild-type L. monocytogenes strain EGD. We have designated the gene encoding the 27-kDa polypeptide prfA, for positive regulatory factor of listeriolysin (lisA) expression. The prfA gene regulates transcription of the lisA gene positively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leimeister-Wächter
- Institut für Genetik und Mikrobiologie, Universität Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Benfield GF, Haffner C, Harris P, Stableforth DE. Dilutional hyponatraemia masquerading as subarachnoid haemorrhage in patient on hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride/timolol combined drug. Lancet 1986; 2:341. [PMID: 2874349 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Haffner C. [Therapeutic aspects of coupling in the clinical sphere of child psychiatry]. Dtsch Schwesternztg 1968; 21:511-5. [PMID: 5189913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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