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OP0231 MASS CYTOMETRY DATA RECLASSIFY SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE PATIENTS IN PHENOTYPICALLY DISTINCTIVE GROUPS. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSC), Sjögren’s syndrome (SJS), mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) and undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) are classified as systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs). They are diagnosed based on different clinical and laboratory criteria. Due to their high internal heterogeneity and overlapping symptoms, SADs are difficult to diagnose. Therefore, molecular and cellular-based studies need to be undertaken to precisely classify the patients. Mass cytometry is a single-cell proteomics technology that measures approximately 50 markers per cell, thus it is a suitable tool to perform deep-phenotyping studies in SADs.ObjectivesExplore differences and similarities between SADs and build reclassification framework using high-dimensional cytometry data.MethodsThe whole blood samples collected from 129 individuals, including patients and controls were stained with a 39-plex antibody panel and acquired in 9 batches on a CyTOF (HELIOS) instrument. Data were cleaned, and normalized for batch effects using semi-automated cytof analysis pipeline. Cell frequencies and median signal intensities (MSI) for each population were extracted using FlowSOM for mononuclear cells (PBMC) and Phenograph for granulocytes. Secretion of 44 cytokines and chemokines were analyzed using a multiplexed luminex assay. Diseases were compared by Kruskal-Wallis analysis and hierarchical clustering and reclassification was done using unsupervised k-means clustering. Cytokine analysis across clusters was performed using Kruskal-Wallis test.ResultsDifferently expressed features were observed between patient groups, regarding frequency of classical monocytes, B and T cells subpopulations, mature and immature granulocytes and intensities of CD38, HLA-DR and CD95 across various populations. However, none of them were disease specific. K-means clustering identified four patient clusters, which were composed by a mixture of different diagnosis. Cluster C1 was characterized by increased levels of circulating cells from PBMC compartment, and lower activation of different populations of the T cell compartment. It presented lower frequency in multiple granulocyte populations and the highest expression of CD95 and CD38. This cluster was also associated with antimalarial and steroid treatment. Clusters C1 and C2 were exactly opposite to each other, cluster C3 was characterized by intermediate features between C1 and C2 and cluster C4 could be considered as undifferentiated, mixed group. Higher production of TNFα, IL-10 and IP-10 were found in patients from C1 compared to C2, suggesting more active phenotype in C1 and physiological one in C2. The cytokine levels were independent of the treatment.ConclusionWe constructed a patient reclassification framework using cell frequencies and expression levels of functional markers. To our knowledge this is the first time when 7 different SADs were compared using mass cytometry. In agreement with other reports we did not detect any disease-specific cellular markers. Distribution of diagnosis across different clusters confirms diseases heterogeneity. Patients can be classified into phenotypically similar groups, that could potentially benefit from the same line of treatment.AcknowledgementsThis project has received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement No 831434 (3TR) and The JU receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and EFPIA. Also from No 115565 PRECISESADS.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Benznidazole treatment reduces the induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzymatic activity in Chagas disease symptomatic patients. Parasite Immunol 2014; 35:180-7. [PMID: 23473453 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxigenase (IDO) is critical for the regulation of immune responses in pro-tolerogenic antigen-presenting cell. To address the profile of immune responses associated with Chagas disease, we measured IDO activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 168 chronic patients and 13 healthy donors. We found that IDO activity was increased in patients with Chagas disease when compared with controls. Moreover, the IDO activity of patients with Chagas disease in the symptomatic chronic phase, involving cardiac or digestive alterations, was higher than that detected in asymptomatic patients and correlated with the severity of the symptoms. Furthermore, benznidazole treatment induced a long-lasting decrease in IDO activity in symptomatic patients, reaching levels comparable with those of healthy donors. These results suggest that a pro-tolerogenic state is associated with the severity of Chagas disease and that benznidazole treatment is a valuable tool for breaking the parasite-driven immune tolerance in the symptomatic chronic phase of Chagas disease.
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Kinetics of the interaction between anti-FVIII antibodies and FVIII from therapeutic concentrates, with and without von Willebrand factor, assessed by surface plasmon resonance. Haemophilia 2012; 18:982-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2012.02858.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Differential CD86 and CD40 co-stimulatory molecules and cytokine expression pattern induced by Trypanosoma cruzi in APCs from resistant or susceptible mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2003; 131:41-7. [PMID: 12519384 PMCID: PMC1808596 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential aspects of the host immune response generated by Trypanosoma cruzi infection were examined in two different mouse strains, BALB/c (haplotype H2-Kd) which does not overcome the acute phase of the infection and C57BL/6 (haplotype H2-Kb) which survives to the acute phase. After infection an increase in CD3+ T cells was observed in both mouse strains in the peritoneal cavity. However, while the CD3+ T cells from the BALB/c mice showed an increase in the IL-4 cytokine expression level, the same type of cells from the C57BL/6 mice showed an increase in IFN-gamma expression. In addition, only the macrophages from the C57BL/6 mice were activated secreting IL-12 and TNF-alpha and producing, moreover, high levels of nitrites. It was observed that also after parasite infection the expression of macrophage and dendritic cells CD40 and CD86 co-stimulation molecules from the spleen were diminished in BALB/c but not in C57BL/6 mice. In correlation with this observation the macrophages from the spleen of infected BALB/c mice secreted lower concentrations of nitrites than the C57BL/6 mouse cells. Also, the spleen dendritic cells from infected BALB/c mice had a small potential to present alloantigens in contrast to that observed in the infected C57BL/6 mouse cells.
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Trypanosoma cruzi heat-shock protein-70 kDa,alone or fused to the parasite KMP11 antigen, induces functional maturation of murine dendritic cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2002; 80:241-7. [PMID: 12067411 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1711.2002.01081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We analyse the effect of Trypanosoma cruzi heat-shock protein-70 (HSP70) on the maturation of murine dendritic cells (DC)generated from bone marrow precursor cells. The results obtained show that HSP70, both alone and fused to the KMP11 antigen, as well as a HSP70 fragment, is capable of maturing murine DC. Mature DC have enhanced expression of IL12, TNF-alpha cytokines, costimulation molecules and activation markers, showing a clear increase in the allostimulatory capacity. These findings suggest that T. cruzi HSP70 may be a very useful vehicle for developing DC-based immunoprophylaxis and therapy against infections.
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The immunization of A2/K(b) transgenic mice with the KMP11-HSP70 fusion protein induces CTL response against human cells expressing the T. cruzi KMP11 antigen: identification of A2-restricted epitopes. Mol Immunol 2001; 38:279-87. [PMID: 11566321 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-5890(01)00059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte response against Jurkat-A2/K(b) cells expressing the T. cruzi KMP11 protein has been evaluated after immunization of C57BL/6-A2/K(b) transgenic mice with the KMP11 and KMP11-HSP70 recombinant proteins. The results show that mice immunized with KMP11 covalently fused to the T. cruzi HSP70 protein, but not mice immunized with KMP11 alone, elicit a CTL response against the Jurkat-A2/K(b) cells expressing the KMP11 protein. The data also show that spleen cells from mice immunized with the fusion protein and stimulated with the K1 peptide induce lysis of both the Jurkat-A2/K(b) cells transfected with the KMP11 coding gene and the Jurkat-A2-K(b) cells pulsed with the K1 peptide. Splenocytes stimulated with the K3 peptide induce lysis of the Jurkat-A2/K(b) cells loaded with the K3 peptide but they do not recognize the target cells expressing the KMP11 protein. Similar results were obtained using lymph node from mice immunized with the peptides. Thus, we believe there are two cytotoxic T cell epitopes restricted to the A2 molecule (K1(KMP11) (4-12) and K3(KMP11) (41-50)) in the KMP11 protein, and suggest that the K1 peptide could be considered an immunodominant antigen whilst the K3 peptide may be regarded as a cryptic epitope. The fact that the CTL lines induced in B6-A2/K(b) mice recognize human cells expressing KMP11 protein, indicates that the KMP11 antigen fused to HSP70 could be a good candidate for the induction of immunoprotective cytotoxic responses against T. cruzi natural infection.
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Mapping of the antigenic determinants of the T. cruzi kinetoplastid membrane protein-11. Identification of a linear epitope specifically recognized by human Chagasic sera. Clin Exp Immunol 2001; 123:465-71. [PMID: 11298135 PMCID: PMC1906009 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The high variability among strains and isolates of Trypanosoma cruzi and the existence of shared antigenic determinants with other pathogens, particularly with members of the Leishmania genus make difficult the specific diagnosis of Chagas' disease. The data reported in this paper show that the T. cruzi KMP11 protein is an immunodominant antigen highly recognized by the sera from chagasic and leishmaniasis patients. By the use of amino- and carboxyl-terminal truncated KMP11 recombinant proteins and synthetic peptides, evidence is provided that while the sera from chagasic patients recognize linear peptides the sera from patients with visceral leishmaniasis must be predominantly directed against conformational epitopes. We found that a particular linear determinant, located in the carboxyl-terminal region of the protein, is recognized with high specificity and sensitivity only by sera from Chagas' disease patients, suggesting it could be a good candidate for differential serodiagnosis of Chagas' disease.
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HSP70 from Trypanosoma cruzi is endowed with specific cell proliferation potential leading to apoptosis. Int Immunol 2000; 12:1685-93. [PMID: 11099308 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/12.12.1685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Trypanosoma cruzi HSP70 recombinant protein has the capacity to stimulate splenocytes or lymph node cells from naive mice in a non-haplotype-restricted way. The proliferative response is abolished by proteinase K digestion and by specific anti-HSP70 antibodies. The induced stimulation index was maximal after 24 h of incubation with the protein. This stimulation leads to cell death in a Fas-Fas ligand-independent way. The phenotype of the expanded cells was CD3(+) TCRalphass(+) CD4(+). HSP70-responsive cells express a broad range of cytokines including IFN-gamma, IL-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. After 48 h of incubation with HSP70 there was a significant increase in relative intracellular levels of CD3 TCRalphass receptors. The expanded CD4(+) cell population expressed CD25; however, in contrast to concanavalin A-treated culture, delayed CD44 expression was observed.
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Abstract
The analysis of three recombinant clones containing the histone H2A locus isolated from a genomic library of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA shows that the H2A gene loci are formed by 1.2 and 0.76 kb long intercalated units organized in a head-to-tail tandem array. The difference in length between the two gene units is due to the presence of a short interspersed nucleotide element (SINE)-like DNA sequence inserted at the 3' end of some of these units. Southern, northern and chromosomal blot analysis of a Brazilian Y strain and six Colombian strains demonstrated the existence of polymorphisms regarding the relative copy number of the H2A gene units, the relative abundance of the H2A transcripts and their chromosomal location. These results show the existence of a dynamic organization in the H2A loci among T. cruzi strains in which a SINE-like sequence may be involved and support the fact that T. cruzi has a high degree of plasticity in its genome.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Southern
- Brazil
- Cloning, Molecular
- Colombia
- DNA, Protozoan/analysis
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Gene Dosage
- Genes, Protozoan
- Genetic Vectors
- Genome, Protozoan
- Histones/biosynthesis
- Histones/genetics
- Humans
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- RNA, Protozoan/analysis
- Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis
- Short Interspersed Nucleotide Elements
- Trypanosoma cruzi/genetics
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The stability and maturation of the H2A histone mRNAs from Trypanosoma cruzi are implicated in their post-transcriptional regulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1490:1-10. [PMID: 10786612 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have recently described that the Trypanosoma cruzi histone H2A genes are actively transcribed as two sized classes of polyadenylated transcripts and that they differ in the 3'-UTRs due to the insertion of a partial SINE sequence in the 3'-end of some of H2A gene units. The expression of the H2A genes in the non-replicative trypomastigote forms is very low, whereas in the replicative forms, there is significant and constitutive transcription of the H2A genes probably regulated in a posttranscriptional way and associated to DNA replication. The data presented in this paper reveal that in epimastigotes, the steady-state levels of the H2A mRNAs are determined by controlling the stability of the messengers in the cytoplasm, most likely mediated by a nuclease attack. The data also indicate that there must be an additional control, associated to the parasite growth phase, which may act at the maturation step of the transcripts. The data suggest, moreover; that the cytoplasmic level of the H2A protein might be involved in the regulation of its own synthesis by controlling translation of existing messengers.
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Phage recovery by electroporation of naked DNA into host cells avoids the use of packaging extracts. Anal Biochem 1999; 267:234-5. [PMID: 9918677 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1998.2963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the application of electroporation to deliver phage DNA into bacterial cells in order to recover it as phage particles. The methodology represents a quicker and cheaper alternative to the use of packaging extracts to rescue phage clones stored as naked DNAs. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that there were not rearrangements or recombinations between phage DNAs when a mixture of different DNAs was electroporated, suggesting the use of electroporation as a reliable method for construction of gene libraries.
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Abstract
In a previous report we have described that the T. cruzi histone H2A gene is encoded in two independent gene clusters located in a single chromosome. In the present paper we show that both gene cluster are actively transcribed as two sized classes of polyadenylated mRNAs demonstrating, moreover, the existence of alternative splicing sites and microheterogeneities at the polyadenylation site. We also describe that while the expression of the H2A genes in the non replicative trypomastigote forms is only residual, in the replicative forms there is constitutive transcription of these genes and that the transcription is not associated to DNA replication. The data show, moreover, that in the replicative forms the steady state levels of the H2A mRNAs are controlled at a post-transcriptional level which is associated to DNA replication.
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Identification of a Trypanosoma cruzi antigenic epitope implicated in the infectivity of fibroblast LLC-MK2 cells. Parasitol Res 1997; 83:226-32. [PMID: 9089717 DOI: 10.1007/s004360050238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper we describe the identification of an antigenic epitope that appears to be associated with the surface membrane of the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite, probably implicated in infectivity. Anti-TcMe antibodies inhibited the infectivity of fibroblast LLC-MK2 cells by 34% relative to a preimmune serum. The epitope was specifically recognized by 55% of the sera from 80 chagasic patients. The anti-TcMe antibody immunoprecipitated proteins of about 60 and 40 kDa from epimastigote and cell-culture trypomastigote forms, respectively. It is likely that the 60- and 40-kDa proteins are processed from higher-molecular-weight precursors, since the antibody immunoprecipitated protein fractions in the range of 115-150 kDa from in vitro translation products of poly A+ RNA.
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Abstract
A novel multiprimer PCR method with the potential to identify mycobacteria in clinical samples is presented. The assay relies on the simultaneous amplification of three bacterial DNA genomic fragments by using different sets of oligonucleotide primers. The first set of primers amplifies a 506-bp fragment from the gene for the 32-kDa antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is present in most of the species belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. The second set of primers amplifies a 984-bp fragment from the IS6110 insertion sequence of the bacteria belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex. The third set of primers, derived from an M. tuberculosis species-specific sequence named MTP40, amplifies a 396-bp genomic fragment. Thus, while the multiprimer system would render three amplification fragments from the M. tuberculosis genome and two fragments from the Mycobacterium bovis genome, a unique amplification fragment would be obtained from nontuberculous mycobacteria. The results obtained, using reference mycobacterial strains and typed clinical isolates, show that the multiprimer PCR method may be a rapid, sensitive, and specific tool for the differential identification of various mycobacterial strains in a single-step assay.
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Characterization of a non-long terminal repeat retrotransposon cDNA (L1Tc) from Trypanosoma cruzi: homology of the first ORF with the ape family of DNA repair enzymes. J Mol Biol 1995; 247:49-59. [PMID: 7534829 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1994.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper we describe the characterization of a Trypanosoma cruzi cDNA (L1Tc) corresponding to a transcript from a new long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon. This element is present in a high-copy number, and is found dispersed throughout the T. cruzi genome. Northern analysis shows an abundant expression of L1Tc-related sequences with a major band of about 5 kb. The transcript has at its 3' end a fragment of a highly repetitive DNA sequence (E12A), at its 5' end a ribosomal mobile element-like sequence and three putative open reading frames (ORF) in different frames. The ORF2 codes for a protein which has significant homology with the retrotranscriptase-related sequences from non-LTR retrotransposons containing the seven domains present in all the retrotranscriptase and retrotranscriptase-related proteins. The ORF3 codes for a gag-like protein showing unusual cysteine motifs present in all non-LTR trypanosomatid elements, similar to the C2H2 zinc finger family of transcription factors. Interestingly, ORF1 codes for a protein with significant homology to the major human AP endonuclease protein, and maintains in similar positions most of the amino acid domains described for all the Ape family of proteins. The presence of Ape-related sequences, described for the first time in a non-LTR retrotransposon (L1Tc), may have functional relevance for these types of elements.
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