1
|
Gaykema LH, van Nieuwland RY, Lievers E, Moerkerk WBJ, de Klerk JA, Dumas SJ, Kers J, Zaldumbide A, van den Berg CW, Rabelink TJ. T-Cell Mediated Immune Rejection of Beta-2-Microglobulin Knockout Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Kidney Organoids. Stem Cells Transl Med 2024; 13:69-82. [PMID: 37843402 PMCID: PMC10785221 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune evasive induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived kidney organoids, known as "stealth" organoids, hold promise for clinical transplantation. To address immune rejection, we investigated the impact of genetically modifying human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I in kidney organoids prior to transplantation. By using CRISPR-Cas9, we successfully knocked out beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), resulting in iPSCs devoid of HLA class I surface expression. In vitro, the B2M knockout protected kidney organoids derived from these iPSCs against T-cell rejection. To assess in vivo protection, unmodified (control) and B2M-/- kidney organoids were transplanted into humanized mice engrafted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Successful engraftment of human PBMCs was confirmed, and after 4 weeks, we observed no discernible difference in the infiltration rate, proliferation, or cytotoxicity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells between control and B2M-/- organoids. Both groups of organoids showed compromised tissue integrity, displaying tubulitis and loss of tubule integrity. Notably, while B2M-/- organoids failed to express HLA class I on their cell surface, there was preexisting expression of HLA class II in both control and B2M-/- organoids transplanted into mice with human PBMCs. HLA class II expression was not limited to antigen-presenting cells but also evident in epithelial cells of the kidney organoid, posing an additional immunological challenge to its transplantation. Consequently, we conclude that B2M knockout alone is insufficient to protect iPSC-derived kidney organoids from T-cell-mediated immune rejection. Additionally, our findings suggest that modulating HLA class II signaling will be necessary to prevent rejection following transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lonneke H Gaykema
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Y van Nieuwland
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Lievers
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wessel B J Moerkerk
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Juliette A de Klerk
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sébastien J Dumas
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jesper Kers
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne W van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gabbin B, Meraviglia V, Angenent ML, Ward-van Oostwaard D, Sol W, Mummery CL, Rabelink TJ, van Meer BJ, van den Berg CW, Bellin M. Heart and kidney organoids maintain organ-specific function in a microfluidic system. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100818. [PMID: 37810749 PMCID: PMC10550812 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart and kidney communicate with one another in an interdependent relationship and they influence each other's behavior reciprocally, as pathological changes in one organ can damage the other. Although independent human in vitro models for heart and kidney exist, they do not capture their dynamic crosstalk. We have developed a microfluidic system which can be used to study heart and kidney interaction in vitro. Cardiac microtissues (cMTs) and kidney organoids (kOs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were generated and loaded into two separated communicating chambers of a perfusion chip. Static culture conditions were compared with dynamic culture under unidirectional flow. Tissue viability was maintained for minimally 72 h under both conditions, as indicated by the presence of sarcomeric structures coupled with beating activity in cMTs and the presence of nephron structures and albumin uptake in kOs. We concluded that this system enables the study of human cardiac and kidney organoid interaction in vitro while controlling parameters like fluidic flow speed and direction. Together, this "cardiorenal-unit" provides a new in vitro model to study the cardiorenal axis and it may be further developed to investigate diseases involving both two organs and their potential treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Gabbin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Viviana Meraviglia
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Maricke L. Angenent
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | | | - Wendy Sol
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Christine L. Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Ton J. Rabelink
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Berend J. van Meer
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne W. van den Berg
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
van Essen MF, Peereboom ETM, Schlagwein N, van Gijlswijk-Janssen DJ, Nelemans T, Joeloemsingh JV, van den Berg CW, Prins J, Clark SJ, Schmidt CQ, Trouw LA, van Kooten C. Preferential production and secretion of the complement regulator factor H-like protein 1 (FHL-1) by human myeloid cells. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152364. [PMID: 36881973 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Factor H is a pivotal complement regulatory protein that is preferentially produced by the liver and circulates in high concentrations in serum. There has been an increasing interest in the extrahepatic production of complement factors, including by cells of the immune system, since this contributes to non-canonical functions of local complement activation and regulation. Here we investigated the production and regulation of factor H and its splice variant factor H-like protein 1 (FHL-1) by human myeloid cells. As validation, we confirmed the predominant presence of intact factor H in serum, despite a strong but comparable mRNA expression of CFH and FHL1 in liver. Comparable levels of CFH and FHL1 were also observed in renal tissue, although a dominant staining for FHL-1 was shown within the proximal tubules. Human in vitro generated pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages both expressed and produced factor H/FHL-1, but this was strongest in pro-inflammatory macrophages. Production was not affected by LPS activation, but was increased upon stimulation with IFN-γ or CD40L. Importantly, in both macrophage subsets mRNA expression of FHL1 was significantly higher than CFH. Moreover, production of FHL-1 protein could be confirmed using precipitation and immunoblotting of culture supernatants. These data identify macrophages as producers of factor H and FHL-1, thereby potentially contributing to local complement regulation at sites of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mieke F van Essen
- Division of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Emma T M Peereboom
- Division of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole Schlagwein
- Division of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle J van Gijlswijk-Janssen
- Division of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa Nelemans
- Division of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jivan V Joeloemsingh
- Division of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne W van den Berg
- Division of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jurriën Prins
- Division of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Simon J Clark
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Q Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Leendert A Trouw
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Division of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Koning M, Lievers E, Jaffredo T, van den Berg CW, Rabelink TJ. Efficient Vascularization of Kidney Organoids through Intracelomic Transplantation in Chicken Embryos. J Vis Exp 2023. [PMID: 36876942 DOI: 10.3791/65090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells contain nephron-like structures that resemble those in the adult kidney to a certain degree. Unfortunately, their clinical applicability is hampered by the lack of a functional vasculature and consequently limited maturation in vitro. The transplantation of kidney organoids in the celomic cavity of chicken embryos induces vascularization by perfused blood vessels, including the formation of glomerular capillaries, and enhances their maturation. This technique is very efficient, allowing for the transplantation and analysis of large numbers of organoids. This paper describes a detailed protocol for the intracelomic transplantation of kidney organoids in chicken embryos, followed by the injection of fluorescently labeled lectin to stain the perfused vasculature, and the collection of transplanted organoids for imaging analysis. This method can be used to induce and study organoid vascularization and maturation to find clues for enhancing these processes in vitro and improve disease modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marije Koning
- Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center; Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center;
| | - Ellen Lievers
- Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center; Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center
| | - Thierry Jaffredo
- IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Sorbonne Université
| | - Cathelijne W van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center; Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center; Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
van Amerongen RA, Morton LT, Chaudhari UG, Remst DF, Hagedoorn RS, van den Berg CW, Freund C, Falkenburg JF, Heemskerk MH. Human iPSC-derived preclinical models to identify toxicity of tumor-specific T cells with clinical potential. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 28:249-261. [PMID: 36816758 PMCID: PMC9931760 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The balance between safety and efficacy of T cell therapies remains challenging and T cell mediated toxicities have occurred. The stringent selection of tumor-specific targets and careful selection of tumor-specific T cells using T cell toxicity screenings are essential. In vitro screening options against vital organs or specialized cell subsets would be preferably included in preclinical pipelines, but options remain limited. Here, we set up preclinical models with human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes, epicardial cells, and kidney organoids to investigate toxicity risks of tumor-specific T cells more thoroughly. CD8+T cells reactive against PRAME, HA-1H, CD20, or WT1, currently used or planned to be used in phase I/II clinical studies, were included. Using these hiPSC-derived preclinical models, we demonstrated that WT1-specific T cells caused on-target toxicity that correlated with target gene expression. Multiple measures of T cell reactivity demonstrated this toxicity on the level of T cells and hiPSC-derived target cells. In addition, phenotypic analysis illustrated interaction and crosstalk between infiltrated T cells and kidney organoids. In summary, we demonstrated the benefit of hiPSC-derived models in determining toxicity risks of tumor-specific T cells. Furthermore, our data emphasizes the additional value of other measures of T cell reactivity on top of the commonly used cytokine levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa A. van Amerongen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Laura T. Morton
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Umesh G. Chaudhari
- LUMC hiPSC Hotel, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis F.G. Remst
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Renate S. Hagedoorn
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne W. van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology and Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Freund
- LUMC hiPSC Hotel, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mirjam H.M. Heemskerk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, the Netherlands,Corresponding author: Mirjam H.M. Heemskerk, Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gaykema LH, van Nieuwland RY, Dekkers MC, van Essen MF, Heidt S, Zaldumbide A, van den Berg CW, Rabelink TJ, van Kooten C. Inhibition of complement activation by CD55 overexpression in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived kidney organoids. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1058763. [PMID: 36713440 PMCID: PMC9880527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1058763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
End stage renal disease is an increasing problem worldwide driven by aging of the population and increased prevalence of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease. Currently, kidney transplantation is the only curative option, but donor organ shortages greatly limit its application. Regenerative medicine has the potential to solve the shortage by using stem cells to grow the desired tissues, like kidney tissue. Immune rejection poses a great threat towards the implementation of stem cell derived tissues and various strategies have been explored to limit the immune response towards these tissues. However, these studies are limited by targeting mainly T cell mediated immune rejection while the rejection process also involves innate and humoral immunity. In this study we investigate whether inhibition of the complement system in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) could provide protection from such immune injury. To this end we created knock-in iPSC lines of the membrane bound complement inhibitor CD55 to create a transplant-specific protection towards complement activation. CD55 inhibits the central driver of the complement cascade, C3 convertase, and we show that overexpression is able to decrease complement activation on both iPSCs as well as differentiated kidney organoids upon stimulation with anti-HLA antibodies to mimic the mechanism of humoral rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lonneke H. Gaykema
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands,Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rianne Y. van Nieuwland
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mette C. Dekkers
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mieke F. van Essen
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands,Eurotransplant Reference Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne W. van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ton J. Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Ton J. Rabelink,
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang G, Heijs B, Kostidis S, Rietjens RG, Koning M, Yuan L, Tiemeier GL, Mahfouz A, Dumas SJ, Giera M, Kers J, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, van den Berg CW, van den Berg BM, Rabelink TJ. Spatial dynamic metabolomics identifies metabolic cell fate trajectories in human kidney differentiation. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1580-1593.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
8
|
Wang G, Heijs B, Kostidis S, Mahfouz A, Rietjens RGJ, Bijkerk R, Koudijs A, van der Pluijm LAK, van den Berg CW, Dumas SJ, Carmeliet P, Giera M, van den Berg BM, Rabelink TJ. Analyzing cell-type-specific dynamics of metabolism in kidney repair. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1109-1118. [PMID: 36008550 PMCID: PMC9499864 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A common drawback of metabolic analyses of complex biological samples is the inability to consider cell-to-cell heterogeneity in the context of an organ or tissue. To overcome this limitation, we present an advanced high-spatial-resolution metabolomics approach using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) combined with isotope tracing. This method allows mapping of cell-type-specific dynamic changes in central carbon metabolism in the context of a complex heterogeneous tissue architecture, such as the kidney. Combined with multiplexed immunofluorescence staining, this method can detect metabolic changes and nutrient partitioning in targeted cell types, as demonstrated in a bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (bIRI) experimental model. Our approach enables us to identify region-specific metabolic perturbations associated with the lesion and throughout recovery, including unexpected metabolic anomalies in cells with an apparently normal phenotype in the recovery phase. These findings may be relevant to an understanding of the homeostatic capacity of the kidney microenvironment. In sum, this method allows us to achieve resolution at the single-cell level in situ and hence to interpret cell-type-specific metabolic dynamics in the context of structure and metabolism of neighboring cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gangqi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Heijs
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sarantos Kostidis
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Mahfouz
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Rosalie G J Rietjens
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Bijkerk
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Angela Koudijs
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Loïs A K van der Pluijm
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne W van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sébastien J Dumas
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Heterogeneity, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin Giera
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bernard M van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Koning M, Dumas SJ, Avramut MC, Koning RI, Meta E, Lievers E, Wiersma LE, Borri M, Liang X, Xie L, Liu P, Chen F, Lin L, Luo Y, Mulder J, Spijker HS, Jaffredo T, van den Berg BM, Carmeliet P, van den Berg CW, Rabelink TJ. Vasculogenesis in kidney organoids upon transplantation. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:40. [DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids have potential for disease modeling and to be developed into clinically transplantable auxiliary tissue. However, they lack a functional vasculature, and the sparse endogenous endothelial cells (ECs) are lost upon prolonged culture in vitro, limiting maturation and applicability. Here, we use intracoelomic transplantation in chicken embryos followed by single-cell RNA sequencing and advanced imaging platforms to induce and study vasculogenesis in kidney organoids. We show expansion of human organoid-derived ECs that reorganize into perfused capillaries and form a chimeric vascular network with host-derived blood vessels. Ligand-receptor analysis infers extensive potential interactions of human ECs with perivascular cells upon transplantation, enabling vessel wall stabilization. Perfused glomeruli display maturation and morphogenesis to capillary loop stage. Our findings demonstrate the beneficial effect of vascularization on not only epithelial cell types, but also the mesenchymal compartment, inducing the expansion of ´on target´ perivascular stromal cells, which in turn are required for further maturation and stabilization of the neo-vasculature. The here described vasculogenic capacity of kidney organoids will have to be deployed to achieve meaningful glomerular maturation and kidney morphogenesis in vitro.
Collapse
|
10
|
Gabbin B, Meraviglia V, Mummery CL, Rabelink TJ, van Meer BJ, van den Berg CW, Bellin M. Toward Human Models of Cardiorenal Syndrome in vitro. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:889553. [PMID: 35694669 PMCID: PMC9177996 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.889553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart and kidney diseases cause high morbidity and mortality. Heart and kidneys have vital functions in the human body and, interestingly, reciprocally influence each other’s behavior: pathological changes in one organ can damage the other. Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a group of disorders in which there is combined dysfunction of both heart and kidney, but its underlying biological mechanisms are not fully understood. This is because complex, multifactorial, and dynamic mechanisms are likely involved. Effective treatments are currently unavailable, but this may be resolved if more was known about how the disease develops and progresses. To date, CRS has actually only been modeled in mice and rats in vivo. Even though these models can capture cardiorenal interaction, they are difficult to manipulate and control. Moreover, interspecies differences may limit extrapolation to patients. The questions we address here are what would it take to model CRS in vitro and how far are we? There are already multiple independent in vitro (human) models of heart and kidney, but none have so far captured their dynamic organ-organ crosstalk. Advanced in vitro human models can provide an insight in disease mechanisms and offer a platform for therapy development. CRS represents an exemplary disease illustrating the need to develop more complex models to study organ-organ interaction in-a-dish. Human induced pluripotent stem cells in combination with microfluidic chips are one powerful tool with potential to recapitulate the characteristics of CRS in vitro. In this review, we provide an overview of the existing in vivo and in vitro models to study CRS, their limitations and new perspectives on how heart-kidney physiological and pathological interaction could be investigated in vitro for future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Gabbin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Viviana Meraviglia
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Christine L. Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Ton J. Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Berend J. van Meer
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne W. van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
- *Correspondence: Milena Bellin, ,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wiersma LE, Avramut MC, Lievers E, Rabelink TJ, van den Berg CW. Large-scale engineering of hiPSC-derived nephron sheets and cryopreservation of their progenitors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:208. [PMID: 35578313 PMCID: PMC9109372 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has opened a world of opportunities for stem cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine. Currently, several human kidney organoid protocols are available that generate organoids containing kidney structures. However, these kidney organoids are relatively small ranging up to 0.13 cm2 and therefore contain a small number of nephrons compared to an adult kidney, thus defying the exploration of future use for therapy. Method We have developed a scalable, easily accessible, and reproducible protocol to increase the size of the organoid up to a nephron sheet of 2.5 cm2 up to a maximum of 12.6 cm2 containing a magnitude of nephrons. Results Confocal microscopy showed that the subunits of the nephrons remain evenly distributed throughout the entire sheet and that these tissue sheets can attain ~ 30,000–40,000 glomerular structures. Upon transplantation in immunodeficient mice, such nephron sheets became vascularized and matured. They also show reuptake of injected low-molecular mass dextran molecules in the tubular structures, indicative of glomerular filtration. Furthermore, we developed a protocol for the cryopreservation of intermediate mesoderm cells during the differentiation and demonstrate that these cells can be successfully thawed and recovered to create such tissue sheets. Conclusion The scalability of the procedures, and the ability to cryopreserve the cells during differentiation are important steps forward in the translation of these differentiation protocols to future clinical applications such as transplantable auxiliary kidney tissue. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02881-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loes E Wiersma
- Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Postal Zone C7-Q, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Cristina Avramut
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology - Electron Microscopy, Leiden University Medical Center, Postal zone S-1-P, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Lievers
- Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Postal Zone C7-Q, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Postal Zone C7-Q, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne W van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Postal Zone C7-Q, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Geuens T, Ruiter FAA, Schumacher A, Morgan FLC, Rademakers T, Wiersma LE, van den Berg CW, Rabelink TJ, Baker MB, LaPointe VLS. Thiol-ene cross-linked alginate hydrogel encapsulation modulates the extracellular matrix of kidney organoids by reducing abnormal type 1a1 collagen deposition. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120976. [PMID: 34198162 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Differentiated kidney organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells hold promise as a treatment for patients with kidney diseases. Before these organoids can be translated to the clinic, shortcomings regarding their cellular and extracellular compositions, and their developmental plateau need to be overcome. We performed a proteomic analysis on kidney organoids cultured for a prolonged culture time and we found a specific change in the extracellular matrix composition with increased expression of types 1a1, 2 and 6a1 collagen. Such an excessive accumulation of specific collagen types is a hallmark of renal fibrosis that causes a life-threatening pathological condition by compromising key functions of the human kidney. Here we hypothesized the need for a three-dimensional environment to grow the kidney organoids, which could better mimic the in vivo surroundings of the developing kidney than standard culture on an air-liquid interface. Encapsulating organoids for four days in a soft, thiol-ene cross-linked alginate hydrogel resulted in decreased type 1a1 collagen expression. Furthermore, the encapsulation did not result in any changes of organoid structural morphology. Using a biomaterial to modulate collagen expression allows for a prolonged kidney organoid culture in vitro and a reduction of abnormal type 1a1 collagen expression bringing kidney organoids closer to clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Geuens
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Floor A A Ruiter
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anika Schumacher
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Francis L C Morgan
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Timo Rademakers
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Loes E Wiersma
- Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne W van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew B Baker
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Vanessa L S LaPointe
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
van den Berg CW, Koudijs A, Ritsma L, Rabelink TJ. In Vivo Assessment of Size-Selective Glomerular Sieving in Transplanted Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Kidney Organoids. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:921-929. [PMID: 32354986 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019060573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utility of kidney organoids in regenerative medicine will rely on the functionality of the glomerular and tubular structures in these tissues. Recent studies have demonstrated the vascularization and subsequent maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids after renal subcapsular transplantation. This raises the question of whether the glomeruli also become functional upon transplantation. METHODS We transplanted kidney organoids under the renal capsule of the left kidney in immunodeficient mice followed by the implantation of a titanium imaging window on top of the kidney organoid. To assess glomerular function in the transplanted human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney tissue 1, 2, and 3 weeks after transplantation, we applied high-resolution intravital multiphoton imaging through the imaging window during intravenous infusion of fluorescently labeled low and high molecular mass dextran molecules or albumin. RESULTS After vascularization, glomerular structures in the organoid displayed dextran and albumin size selectivity across their glomerular filtration barrier. We also observed evidence of proximal tubular dextran reuptake. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that human pluripotent stem cell-derived glomeruli can develop an appropriate barrier function and discriminate between molecules of varying size. These characteristics together with tubular presence of low molecular mass dextran provide clear evidence of functional filtration. This approach to visualizing glomerular filtration function will be instrumental for translation of organoid technology for clinical applications as well as for disease modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathelijne W van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands .,Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Koudijs
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laila Ritsma
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Koning M, van den Berg CW, Rabelink TJ. Stem cell-derived kidney organoids: engineering the vasculature. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2257-2273. [PMID: 31807815 PMCID: PMC7275011 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Kidney organoids can be generated from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) using protocols that resemble the embryonic development of the kidney. The renal structures thus generated offer great potential for disease modeling, drug screening, and possibly future therapeutic application. At the same time, use of these PSC-derived organoids is hampered by lack of maturation and off-target differentiation. Here, we review the main protocols for the generation of kidney organoids from human-induced PSCs, discussing their advantages and limitations. In particular, we will focus on the vascularization of the kidney organoids, which appears to be one of the critical factors to achieve maturation and functionality of the organoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marije Koning
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Cathelijne W van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tiemeier GL, de Koning R, Wang G, Kostidis S, Rietjens RGJ, Sol WMPJ, Dumas SJ, Giera M, van den Berg CW, Eikenboom JCJ, van den Berg BM, Carmeliet P, Rabelink TJ. Lowering the increased intracellular pH of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells induces formation of mature Weibel-Palade bodies. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:758-772. [PMID: 32163224 PMCID: PMC7308639 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into vascular endothelium is of great importance to tissue engineering, disease modeling, and use in regenerative medicine. Although differentiation of hiPSCs into endothelial‐like cells (hiPSC‐derived endothelial cells [hiPSC‐ECs]) has been demonstrated before, controversy exists as to what extent these cells faithfully reflect mature endothelium. To address this issue, we investigate hiPSC‐ECs maturation by their ability to express von Willebrand factor (VWF) and formation of Weibel‐Palade bodies (WPBs). Using multiple hiPSCs lines, hiPSC‐ECs failed to form proper VWF and WPBs, essential for angiogenesis, primary and secondary homeostasis. Lowering the increased intracellular pH (pHi) of hiPSC‐ECs with acetic acid did result in the formation of elongated WPBs. Nuclear magnetic resonance data showed that the higher pHi in hiPSC‐ECs occurred in association with decreased intracellular lactate concentrations. This was explained by decreased glycolytic flux toward pyruvate and lactate in hiPSC‐ECs. In addition, decreased expression of monocarboxylate transporter member 1, a member of the solute carrier family (SLC16A1), which regulates lactate and H+ uptake, contributed to the high pHi of hiPSC‐EC. Mechanistically, pro‐VWF dimers require the lower pH environment of the trans‐Golgi network for maturation and tubulation. These data show that while hiPSC‐ECs may share many features with mature EC, they are characterized by metabolic immaturity hampering proper EC function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gesa L Tiemeier
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rozemarijn de Koning
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gangqi Wang
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sarantos Kostidis
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalie G J Rietjens
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy M P J Sol
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sébastien J Dumas
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne W van den Berg
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen C J Eikenboom
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard M van den Berg
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tiemeier GL, Wang G, Dumas SJ, Sol WMPJ, Avramut MC, Karakach T, Orlova VV, van den Berg CW, Mummery CL, Carmeliet P, van den Berg BM, Rabelink TJ. Closing the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore in hiPSC-Derived Endothelial Cells Induces Glycocalyx Formation and Functional Maturation. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:803-816. [PMID: 31680061 PMCID: PMC6895683 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are used to study organogenesis and model disease as well as being developed for regenerative medicine. Endothelial cells are among the many cell types differentiated from hiPSCs, but their maturation and stabilization fall short of that in adult endothelium. We examined whether shear stress alone or in combination with pericyte co-culture would induce flow alignment and maturation of hiPSC-derived endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs) but found no effects comparable with those in primary microvascular ECs. In addition, hiPSC-ECs lacked a luminal glycocalyx, critical for vasculature homeostasis, shear stress sensing, and signaling. We noted, however, that hiPSC-ECs have dysfunctional mitochondrial permeability transition pores, resulting in reduced mitochondrial function and increased reactive oxygen species. Closure of these pores by cyclosporine A improved EC mitochondrial function but also restored the glycocalyx such that alignment to flow took place. These results indicated that mitochondrial maturation is required for proper hiPSC-EC functionality. hiPSC-ECs lack a functional glycocalyx and fail to align to flow hiPSC-ECs have reduced mitochondrial function and increased leakage of ROS Closing the mPTP with cyclosporine A induces mitochondrial maturation Improved mitochondrial function restores the glycocalyx and alignment to flow
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gesa L Tiemeier
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gangqi Wang
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sébastien J Dumas
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wendy M P J Sol
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Cristina Avramut
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Section Electron Microscopy, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Karakach
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valeria V Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne W van den Berg
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernard M van den Berg
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Leuning DG, Witjas FMR, Maanaoui M, de Graaf AMA, Lievers E, Geuens T, Avramut CM, Wiersma LE, van den Berg CW, Sol WMPJ, de Boer H, Wang G, LaPointe VLS, van der Vlag J, van Kooten C, van den Berg BM, Little MH, Engelse MA, Rabelink TJ. Vascular bioengineering of scaffolds derived from human discarded transplant kidneys using human pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelium. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:1328-1343. [PMID: 30506641 PMCID: PMC6590331 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The bioengineering of a replacement kidney has been proposed as an approach to address the growing shortage of donor kidneys for the treatment of chronic kidney disease. One approach being investigated is the recellularization of kidney scaffolds. In this study, we present several key advances toward successful re-endothelialization of whole kidney matrix scaffolds from both rodents and humans. Based on the presence of preserved glycosoaminoglycans within the decelullarized kidney scaffold, we show improved localization of delivered endothelial cells after preloading of the vascular matrix with vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin 1. Using a novel simultaneous arteriovenous delivery system, we report the complete re-endothelialization of the kidney vasculature, including the glomerular and peritubular capillaries, using human inducible pluripotent stem cell -derived endothelial cells. Using this source of endothelial cells, it was possible to generate sufficient endothelial cells to recellularize an entire human kidney scaffold, achieving efficient cell delivery, adherence, and endothelial cell proliferation and survival. Moreover, human re-endothelialized scaffold could, in contrast to the non-re-endothelialized human scaffold, be fully perfused with whole blood. These major advances move the field closer to a human bioengineered kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle G. Leuning
- Department of NephrologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Franca M. R. Witjas
- Department of NephrologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Mehdi Maanaoui
- Department of NephrologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands,Nephrology DepartmentUniversity of LilleCHU LilleF‐59000LilleFrance
| | | | - Ellen Lievers
- Department of NephrologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas Geuens
- MERLN Institute for Technology–Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Christina M. Avramut
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologySection Electron MicroscopyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Loes E. Wiersma
- Department of NephrologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Wendy M. P. J. Sol
- Department of NephrologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Hetty de Boer
- Department of NephrologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Gangqi Wang
- Department of NephrologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Vanessa L. S. LaPointe
- MERLN Institute for Technology–Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of NephrologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Department of NephrologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Melissa H. Little
- Department of NephrologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands,Murdoch Childrens Research InstituteMelbourneAustralia,Department of PediatricsThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Marten A. Engelse
- Department of NephrologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Ton J. Rabelink
- Department of NephrologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Witjas FMR, van den Berg BM, van den Berg CW, Engelse MA, Rabelink TJ. Concise Review: The Endothelial Cell Extracellular Matrix Regulates Tissue Homeostasis and Repair. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 8:375-382. [PMID: 30537441 PMCID: PMC6431685 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
All tissues are surrounded by a mixture of noncellular matrix components, that not only provide physical and mechanical support to cells, but also mediate biochemical signaling between cells. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of endothelial cells, also known as the perivascular matrix, forms an organ specific vascular niche that orchestrates mechano‐, growth factor, and angiocrine signaling required for tissue homeostasis and organ repair. This concise review describes how this perivascular ECM functions as a signaling platform and how this knowledge can impact the field of regenerative medicine, for example, when designing artificial matrices or using decellularized scaffolds from organs. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:375–382
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franca M R Witjas
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard M van den Berg
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne W van den Berg
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marten A Engelse
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
van den Berg CW, Elliott DA, Braam SR, Mummery CL, Davis RP. Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes Under Defined Conditions. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1353:163-180. [PMID: 25626427 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2014_178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can differentiate to cardiomyocytes in vitro, offering unique opportunities to investigate cardiac development and disease as well as providing a platform to perform drug and toxicity tests. Initial cardiac differentiation methods were based on either inductive co-culture or aggregation as embryoid bodies, often in the presence of fetal calf serum. More recently, monolayer differentiation protocols have evolved as feasible alternatives and are often performed in completely defined culture medium and substrates. Thus, our ability to efficiently and reproducibly generate cardiomyocytes from multiple different hESC and hiPSC lines has improved significantly.We have developed a directed differentiation monolayer protocol that can be used to generate cultures comprising ~50% cardiomyocytes, in which both the culture of the undifferentiated human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and the differentiation procedure itself are defined and serum-free. The differentiation method is also effective for hPSCs maintained in other culture systems. In this chapter, we outline the differentiation protocol and describe methods to assess cardiac differentiation efficiency as well as to identify and quantify the yield of cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathelijne W van den Berg
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - David A Elliott
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Stefan R Braam
- Pluriomics BV, Biopartner Building 3, Galileiweg 8, Leiden, 2333 BD, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Richard P Davis
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
van den Berg CW, Okawa S, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, van Iperen L, Passier R, Braam SR, Tertoolen LG, del Sol A, Davis RP, Mummery CL. Transcriptome of human foetal heart compared with cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells. Development 2015. [PMID: 26209647 DOI: 10.1242/dev.123810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Differentiated derivatives of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are often considered immature because they resemble foetal cells more than adult, with hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) being no exception. Many functional features of these cardiomyocytes, such as their cell morphology, electrophysiological characteristics, sarcomere organization and contraction force, are underdeveloped compared with adult cardiomyocytes. However, relatively little is known about how their gene expression profiles compare with the human foetal heart, in part because of the paucity of data on the human foetal heart at different stages of development. Here, we collected samples of matched ventricles and atria from human foetuses during the first and second trimester of development. This presented a rare opportunity to perform gene expression analysis on the individual chambers of the heart at various stages of development, allowing us to identify not only genes involved in the formation of the heart, but also specific genes upregulated in each of the four chambers and at different stages of development. The data showed that hPSC-CMs had a gene expression profile similar to first trimester foetal heart, but after culture in conditions shown previously to induce maturation, they cluster closer to the second trimester foetal heart samples. In summary, we demonstrate how the gene expression profiles of human foetal heart samples can be used for benchmarking hPSC-CMs and also contribute to determining their equivalent stage of development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathelijne W van den Berg
- Dept. of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Satoshi Okawa
- Computational Biology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue du Swing, Belvaux L-4367, Luxembourg
| | | | - Liesbeth van Iperen
- Dept. of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Dept. of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan R Braam
- Pluriomics B.V., Biopartner building 3, Galileiweg 8, Leiden 2333 BD, The Netherlands
| | - Leon G Tertoolen
- Dept. of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio del Sol
- Computational Biology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue du Swing, Belvaux L-4367, Luxembourg
| | - Richard P Davis
- Dept. of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Dept. of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Davis RP, Casini S, van den Berg CW, Hoekstra M, Remme CA, Dambrot C, Salvatori D, Oostwaard DWV, Wilde AAM, Bezzina CR, Verkerk AO, Freund C, Mummery CL. Cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells recapitulate electrophysiological characteristics of an overlap syndrome of cardiac sodium channel disease. Circulation 2012; 125:3079-91. [PMID: 22647976 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.066092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) offer a new paradigm for modeling genetic cardiac diseases, but it is unclear whether mouse and human PSCs can truly model both gain- and loss-of-function genetic disorders affecting the Na(+) current (I(Na)) because of the immaturity of the PSC-derived cardiomyocytes. To address this issue, we generated multiple PSC lines containing a Na(+) channel mutation causing a cardiac Na(+) channel overlap syndrome. METHOD AND RESULTS Induced PSC (iPSC) lines were generated from mice carrying the Scn5a(1798insD/+) (Scn5a-het) mutation. These mouse iPSCs, along with wild-type mouse iPSCs, were compared with the targeted mouse embryonic stem cell line used to generate the mutant mice and with the wild-type mouse embryonic stem cell line. Patch-clamp experiments showed that the Scn5a-het cardiomyocytes had a significant decrease in I(Na) density and a larger persistent I(Na) compared with Scn5a-wt cardiomyocytes. Action potential measurements showed a reduced upstroke velocity and longer action potential duration in Scn5a-het myocytes. These characteristics recapitulated findings from primary cardiomyocytes isolated directly from adult Scn5a-het mice. Finally, iPSCs were generated from a patient with the equivalent SCN5A(1795insD/+) mutation. Patch-clamp measurements on the derivative cardiomyocytes revealed changes similar to those in the mouse PSC-derived cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION Here, we demonstrate that both embryonic stem cell- and iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes can recapitulate the characteristics of a combined gain- and loss-of-function Na(+) channel mutation and that the electrophysiological immaturity of PSC-derived cardiomyocytes does not preclude their use as an accurate model for cardiac Na(+) channel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Casini S, Davis RP, den Berg CWV, Ann Remme C, Dambrot C, Ward-van Oostwaard D, Wilde AA, Bezzina CR, Verkerk AO, Freund C, Mummery CL. Pluripotent Stem Cell Models of a Cardiac Sodium Channelopathy. Biophys J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.2951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
|
23
|
Davis RP, van den Berg CW, Casini S, Braam SR, Mummery CL. Pluripotent stem cell models of cardiac disease and their implication for drug discovery and development. Trends Mol Med 2011; 17:475-84. [PMID: 21703926 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in pluripotent stem cell biology now make it possible to generate human cardiomyocytes in vitro from both healthy individuals and from patients with cardiac abnormalities. This offers unprecedented opportunities to study cardiac disease development 'in a dish' and establish novel platforms for drug discovery, either to prevent disease progression or to reverse it. In this review paper, we discuss some of the genetic diseases that affect the heart and illustrate how these new paradigms could assist our understanding of cardiac pathogenesis and aid in drug discovery. In particular, we highlight the limitations of other commonly used model systems in predicting the consequences of drug exposure on the human heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|