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Hong YC, Hu TY, Hsu CS, Yeh WW, Wong WZ, Shen TW, Chang CH, Hua K, Tung CY, Peng YC, Huang WJ, Chang PC, Lin TP. Single-cell analysis of castration-resistant prostate cancers to identify potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:4560-4578. [PMID: 37970364 PMCID: PMC10636664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The high heterogeneity and low percentage of neuroendocrine cells in prostate cancer limit the utility of traditional bulk RNA sequencing and even single-cell RNA sequencing to find better biomarkers for early diagnosis and stratification. Re-clustering of specific cell-type holds great promise for identification of intra-cell-type heterogeneity. However, this has not yet been used in studying neuroendocrine prostate cancer heterogeneity. Neuroendocrine cluster(s) were individually identified in each castration-resistant prostate cancer specimen and combined for trajectory analysis. Three neuroendocrine states were identified. Neuroendocrine state 2 with the highest AR score was considered the initial starting state of neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. State 1 and state 3 with distinct high neuroendocrine scores and marker genes enriched in N-Myc and REST target genes, respectively, were considered as two different types of neuroendocrine differentiated cancer cells. These two states contained distinct groups of prostate cancer biomarkers and a strong distinguishing ability of normal versus cancerous prostate across different pathological grading was found in the N-Myc-associated state. Our data highlight the central role of N-Myc and REST in mediating lineage plasticity and classifying neuroendocrine phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Hong
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Yun Hu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sin Hsu
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Wayne W Yeh
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ze Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wen Shen
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsin Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University HospitalTaipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kate Hua
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Tung
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Peng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - William J Huang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ching Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ping Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei 11217, Taiwan
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Chang CH, Cheng TY, Yeh WW, Luo YL, Campbell M, Kuo TC, Shen TW, Hong YC, Tsai CH, Peng YC, Pan CC, Yang MH, Shih JC, Kung HJ, Huang WJ, Chang PC, Lin TP. REST-repressed lncRNA LINC01801 induces neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer via transcriptional activation of autophagy. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:3983-4002. [PMID: 37818052 PMCID: PMC10560947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between REST reduction and the development of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), a novel drug-resistant and lethal variant of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), is well established. To better understand the mechanisms underlying this process, we aimed to identify REST-repressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that promote neuroendocrine differentiation (NED), thus facilitating targeted therapy-induced resistance. In this study, we used data from REST knockdown RNA sequencing combined with siRNA screening to determine that LINC01801 was upregulated and played a crucial role in NED in prostate cancer (PCa). Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) prostate adenocarcinoma database and CRPC samples collected in our laboratory, we demonstrated that LINC01801 expression is upregulated in NEPC. Functional experiments revealed that overexpression of LINC01801 had a slight stimulatory effect on the NED of LNCaP cells, while downregulation of LINC01801 significantly inhibited the induction of NED. Mechanistically, LINC01801 is transcriptionally repressed by REST, and transcriptomic analysis revealed that LINC01801 preferentially affects the autophagy pathway. LINC01801 was found to function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate the expression of autophagy-related genes by sponging hsa-miR-6889-3p in prostate cancer cells. In conclusion, our data expand the current knowledge of REST-induced NED and highlight the contribution of the REST-LINC01801-hsa-miR-6889-3p axis to autophagic induction, which may provide promising avenues for therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsin Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University HospitalTaipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Cheng
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Wayne W Yeh
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Li Luo
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Mel Campbell
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at DavisSacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Tse-Chun Kuo
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research InstitutesZhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wen Shen
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chih Hong
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Tsai
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Peng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chen Pan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 11221, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jean-Chen Shih
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at DavisSacramento, CA 95817, USA
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - William J Huang
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ching Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ping Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 11221, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei 11217, Taiwan
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Chang CH, Yen KT, Li AL, Li YR, Su KW. LED-pumped eye-safe pulse laser with an extracavity optical parametric oscillator. Opt Lett 2023; 48:3877-3880. [PMID: 37527072 DOI: 10.1364/ol.496161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
An LED-side-pumped Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG passively Q-switched (PQS) laser containing an extracavity optical parametric oscillator (EOPO) is demonstrated. As far as we know, it is the first LED-pumped eye-safe laser. The Nd:YAG pump module is optimized to increase the PQS pulse energy to 24 mJ at 1064 nm. By using a single-pass EOPO design, the output energy of the signal pulse at 1573 nm is 7.44 mJ with a pulse width of 16 ns, the peak power is 434 kW, and the pump-to-signal conversion efficiency is 31%. For double-pass EOPO operation, the pump-to-signal conversion efficiency increases to 45.8%, the output energy of signal pulse is up to 10.98 mJ with a pulse width of 23.5 ns, and the peak power is 459 kW.
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Ak M, Gumus S, Aghayev A, Chang CH, Fu B, Roberts MS, Woodard PK, Bae KT. The Resolution Rate of Pulmonary Embolism on CT Pulmonary Angiography: a Prospective Study. Eur J Radiol 2022; 155:110466. [PMID: 35986988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively assess the rate of clot resolution from CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective cohort study included 290 patients (136 men, 154 women; mean age, 51.9 years) with acute PE. All patients had a CTPA at the presentation and had at least one follow-up within 6 months (mean 72.7 days). Sixty-four percent of patients had follow-up scans for research purposes within a pre-determined period (between 28 and 184 days; mean, 78.27 days) and 36 % had (between 2 and 184 days; mean, 62.78 days) for a clinical indication. The volume of each clot was measured using a semi-automated quantification program. The resolution rate was evaluated by interval-censored analysis. RESULTS The overall estimated probability of complete resolution was 42 % at 7 days, 56 % at 10 days, and 71 % at 45 days. Achieving complete resolution was significantly faster in patients with peripheral clots (HR: 1.78; CI: 1.05-3.03, p = 0.032) but slower in patients with consolidation and history of venous thromboembolism (VTE), (HR: 0.37; CI: 0.18-0.79, p = 0.01 and HR: 0.57; CI: 0.35-0.91, p = 0.019, respectively). Although the patients with cancer showed a faster resolution rate (HR: 1.67; CI: 1.05-2.68, p = 0.032), the mortality rate was significantly higher than non-cancer patients. CONCLUSION The resolution rate of clot burden in acute PE was associated with patients' clinical presentation variables and CTPA imaging biomarkers. This information may be incorporated into designing a prediction rule and determining the appropriate duration of anticoagulation therapy in patients with acute PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ak
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - S Gumus
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - A Aghayev
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - C H Chang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - B Fu
- Data and Statistical Sciences, Abbvie, Inc., Lake Bluff, IL, United States
| | - M S Roberts
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - P K Woodard
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - K T Bae
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Tsai YH, Yan YJ, Li YS, Chang CH, Haung CC, Chen TC, Lin SG, Ou-Yang M. Development and verification of the coaxial heterogeneous hyperspectral imaging system. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:063105. [PMID: 35778029 DOI: 10.1063/5.0088474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A hyperspectral imaging system (HIS) is a helpful tool that acquires spatial and spectral information from a target. This study developed a coaxial heterogeneous HIS (CHHIS) to collect spectral images with wavelengths ranging from 400 to 1700 nm. In this system, a visible (VIS) spectrometer and a short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectrometer are combined with a coaxial optical path to share the same field of view. This structure reduces the complexity of spatial registration and maintains the scanning duration of two spectrometers as that of a single spectrometer. The spectrometers are also replaceable for extending the detecting spectral range of the system. The calibration methodologies, including spatial correction, spectral calibration, and reflectance calibration, were developed for this system. The signal-to-noise ratio of VIS and SWIR spectrometers in the CHHIS was up to 40 and 60 dB when the exposure time of the VIS and SWIR imaging sensors was 1000 and 10 ms, respectively. When the target distance was at 600 mm, the spatial error of VIS and SWIR images in the scanning direction was less than 1 pixel; these results proved that the system was stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Tsai
- Institute of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Y J Yan
- Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Y S Li
- Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - C H Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - C C Haung
- Department of Tropical Fruit Trees (Fengshan Tropical Horticultural Experiment Branch), Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Kaohsiung 30010, Taiwan
| | - T C Chen
- Department of Aerospace and Systems Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 30010, Taiwan
| | - S G Lin
- Department of Communication, Navigation and Control Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - M Ou-Yang
- Institute of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Chen YT, Liu WS, Su KY, Hsu YH, Chang CH. Acute heart failure with dilated cardiomyopathy as the first manifestation of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:e125-e128. [PMID: 34553425 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y T Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Institute, Hualian Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - W S Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - K Y Su
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Y H Hsu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - C H Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Institute, Hualian Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program in Translational Medicine, Tzu Chi University and Academia Sinica, Hualien, Taiwan
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7
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Shih KW, Chen WC, Chang CH, Tai TE, Wu JC, Huang AC, Liu MC. Non-Muscular Invasive Bladder Cancer: Re-envisioning Therapeutic Journey from Traditional to Regenerative Interventions. Aging Dis 2021; 12:868-885. [PMID: 34094648 PMCID: PMC8139208 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-muscular invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is one of the most common cancer and major cause of economical and health burden in developed countries. Progression of NMIBC has been characterized as low-grade (Ta) and high grade (carcinoma in situ and T1). The current surgical intervention for NMIBC includes transurethral resection of bladder tumor; however, its recurrence still remains a challenge. The BCG-based immunotherapy is much effective against low-grade NMIBC. BCG increases the influx of T cells at bladder cancer site and inhibits proliferation of bladder cancer cells. The chemotherapy is another traditional approach to address NMIBC by supplementing BCG. Notwithstanding, these current therapeutic measures possess limited efficacy in controlling NMIBC, and do not provide comprehensive long-term relief. Hence, biomaterials and scaffolds seem an effective medium to deliver therapeutic agents for restructuring bladder post-treatment. The regenerative therapies such as stem cells and PRP have also been explored for possible solution to NMIBC. Based on above-mentioned approaches, we have comprehensively analyzed therapeutic journey from traditional to regenerative interventions for the treatment of NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Wei Shih
- 1Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Chen
- 1Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,2Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,3TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsin Chang
- 1Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,3TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,4Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ting-En Tai
- 1Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Cheng Wu
- 1Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,3TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,5Department of Education, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,6Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Andy C Huang
- 8Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei,11221, Taiwan.,9Department of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei City Hospital Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei 10629, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Liu
- 1Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,2Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,3TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,7Clinical Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,10School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Chang CH, Lin CS, Ho CL. Isolated intracardiac recurrence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma successfully treated with rituximab and bendamustine chemotherapy regimen. J Postgrad Med 2020; 66:176-177. [PMID: 32675458 PMCID: PMC7542051 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_683_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- CH Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - CS Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - CL Ho
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. E-mail:
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9
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Lin JW, Chang CH, Caffrey JL. Examining the association between oral health status and dementia: A nationwide nested case-controlled study. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:231-244. [PMID: 32039633 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220904924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease as a consequence of chronic brain inflammation mediated by infectious microbes including the oral microbiome continues to attract support. Taiwan’s National Insurance database was used to evaluate associations between dental health and Alzheimer’s disease; 209,112 new cases of Alzheimer’s disease were matched 1:4 with 836,448 dementia-free controls to test the hypothesis that better dental health would be associated with less occurrence of dementia. Ten year dental records and conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Subgroup analyses compared vascular Alzheimer’s disease and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. As the population aged, Alzheimer’s disease diagnoses were more frequent with a 10 fold upward inflection after 60. Nearly 56% of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease patients were women but less than 50% had vascular Alzheimer’s disease. Comorbidities were 10–20% higher in the Alzheimer’s disease patients than in controls, but stroke, chronic infection, and pneumonia were 40–45% more common in the vascular Alzheimer’s disease patients. Heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, peripheral artery disease, pneumonia, and herpetic disease (HSV) were all associated with higher odds of Alzheimer’s disease. HSV was not a factor in the vascular Alzheimer’s disease. Routine dental procedures tended to lower odds ratios. Root canals and extractions that restore oral homeostasis were associated with lower odds of dementia. However, when extractions exceeded four, the odds of Alzheimer’s disease rose. The fact that Alzheimer’s disease was not associated with periodontal procedures per se but with more frequent periodontal emergencies suggested again a chronic issue. Dental health costs suggest that good dental care was associated with lower odds of Alzheimer’s disease except for radiographic costs which were consistently associated with higher odds, independent of oral health. Common comorbid conditions were associated with higher odds of Alzheimer’s disease and oral health care was associated with lower odds, providing support for the hypothesis that the oral microbiome is a factor in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Impact statement This study clearly demonstrates the power and value of a nationally applied digital medical record. Longitudinal studies of gradually developing pathologies like dementia have often been limited by sample size and narrow and incomplete medical histories. The Taiwan National Insurance database provides an unparalleled opportunity for detailed analyses of associations between current medical conditions and a spectrum of prior medical and dental events. The temporal impact of the database will only become more important as the past historical record progressively expands going forward. The inclusion of dental records in assessing the relationship with subsequent dementia is very important because this information is often unavailable or dependent on subject recall. This study clearly establishes associations between a variety of suspected cardiovascular and metabolic factors and the odds of dementia. A critical outcome should include the design of targeted interventions and the subsequent assessment of their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Lin
- Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu City, Yunlin County 64051
| | - C H Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10617
| | - J L Caffrey
- Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX 76107, USA
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10
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Akiyama TE, Skelhorne-Gross GE, Lightbody ED, Rubino RE, Shi JY, McNamara LA, Sharma N, Zycband EI, Gonzalez FJ, Liu H, Woods JW, Chang CH, Berger JP, Nicol CJB. Endothelial Cell-Targeted Deletion of PPAR γ Blocks Rosiglitazone-Induced Plasma Volume Expansion and Vascular Remodeling in Adipose Tissue. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 368:514-523. [PMID: 30606762 PMCID: PMC11047031 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.250985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists that represent an effective class of insulin-sensitizing agents; however, clinical use is associated with weight gain and peripheral edema. To elucidate the role of PPARγ expression in endothelial cells (ECs) in these side effects, EC-targeted PPARγ knockout (Pparg ΔEC) mice were placed on a high-fat diet to promote PPARγ agonist-induced plasma volume expansion, and then treated with the TZD rosiglitazone. Compared with Pparg-floxed wild-type control (Pparg f/f) mice, Pparg ΔEC treated with rosiglitazone are resistant to an increase in extracellular fluid, water content in epididymal and inguinal white adipose tissue, and plasma volume expansion. Interestingly, histologic assessment confirmed significant rosiglitazone-mediated capillary dilation within white adipose tissue of Pparg f/f mice, but not Pparg ΔEC mice. Analysis of ECs isolated from untreated mice in both strains suggested the involvement of changes in endothelial junction formation. Specifically, compared with cells from Pparg f/f mice, Pparg ΔEC cells had a 15-fold increase in focal adhesion kinase, critically important in EC focal adhesions, and >3-fold significant increase in vascular endothelial cadherin, the main component of focal adhesions. Together, these results indicate that rosiglitazone has direct effects on the endothelium via PPARγ activation and point toward a critical role for PPARγ in ECs during rosiglitazone-mediated plasma volume expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro E Akiyama
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - Graham E Skelhorne-Gross
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - Elizabeth D Lightbody
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - Rachel E Rubino
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - Jia Yue Shi
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - Lesley A McNamara
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - Emanuel I Zycband
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - Haiying Liu
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - John W Woods
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - C H Chang
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - Joel P Berger
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - Christopher J B Nicol
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
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11
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Chang CH, Lin TP, Huang JY. Safety and effectiveness of high-power thulium laser enucleation of the prostate in patients with glands larger than 80 mL. BMC Urol 2019; 19:8. [PMID: 30665427 PMCID: PMC6341629 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-019-0437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of thulium laser prostate enucleation (ThuLEP) for large prostates is unclear. This study aimed to explore the expanded utility of 150-200-W ThuLEP by studying patients with a large prostate (> 80 mL). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed records of 125 patients with large prostate glands (> 80 mL) who underwent ThuLEP performed by a single surgeon from June 2012 to June 2016. The ThuLEP data from our previous pilot study were used as the control. Operative variables, patient profiles, preoperative and postoperative urine flow rates, prostate volume, and the international prostate symptom score (IPSS) were recorded and analyzed using Student's t-test, the z-test, and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Of 366 patients who underwent ThuLEP, 125 (34.15%) were enrolled. The ages and estimated prostate volumes were compared with those of the control. Overall, 39.2% underwent Foley placement and 4% received an anticoagulant agent preoperatively. Maximum urinary flow rates before and 3 and 12 months postoperatively were 9.93, 23.20, and 19.00 mL/s, respectively, which were generally equal to those of the control groups (P = 0.68, 0.18, 0.98, respectively). Preoperative and postoperative IPSSs were 27.09 and 7.35, respectively. The postoperative prostate-specific antigen was reduced by 85.59% in comparison to the preoperative level. The estimated prostate size was reduced by 74.17% postoperatively. The modified Clavien-Dindo classification system was used to identify the overall rate of complications, which was approximately 22.4%. The mortality rate was 0.8%. CONCLUSIONS High-power ThuLEP is safe and effective for patients with large prostate glands (> 80 mL). Prostate enucleation using a high-power thulium laser is feasible for patients who exhibit contraindications for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsin Chang
- Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ping Lin
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Chang CH, Liu CY, Chen SJ, Tsai HC. Efficacy of light therapy on nonseasonal depression among elderly adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis [Corrigendum]. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:1427. [PMID: 31213816 PMCID: PMC6549794 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s214219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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13
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Chang YT, Lin TP, Tang JT, Campbell M, Luo YL, Lu SY, Yang CP, Cheng TY, Chang CH, Liu TT, Lin CH, Kung HJ, Pan CC, Chang PC. HOTAIR is a REST-regulated lncRNA that promotes neuroendocrine differentiation in castration resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 433:43-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Wu VC, Chen SW, Ting PC, Chang CH, Lin MS, Hsieh MJ, Wang CY, Chang SH, Chu PH, Lin YS. P5585Selection of beta-blocker in patients with cirrhosis and acute myocardial infarction: a 13-year nationwide population-based study in Asia. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p5585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V C Wu
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Tapei, Department of Cardiology, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - S W Chen
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Tapei, Department of Cardiology, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - P C Ting
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Tapei, Department of Cardiology, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - C H Chang
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Tapei, Department of Cardiology, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - M S Lin
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Tapei, Department of Cardiology, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - M J Hsieh
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Tapei, Department of Cardiology, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - C Y Wang
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Tapei, Department of Cardiology, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - S H Chang
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Tapei, Department of Cardiology, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - P H Chu
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Tapei, Department of Cardiology, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Y S Lin
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Chiayi, Taiwan ROC
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15
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Zhang Q, Li Z, Chang CH, Lou JL, Zhao MR, Lu C. Potential human exposures to neonicotinoid insecticides: A review. Environ Pollut 2018; 236:71-81. [PMID: 29414376 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to their systemic character and high efficacy to insect controls, neonicotinoid insecticides (neonics) have been widely used in global agriculture since its introduction in early 1990. Recent studies have indicated that neonics may be ubiquitous, have longer biological half-lives in the environment once applied, and therefore implicitly suggested the increasing probability for human exposure to neonics. Despite of neonics' persistent characters and widespread uses, scientific literature in regard of pathways in which human exposure could occur is relatively meager. In this review, we summarized results from peer-reviewed articles published prior to 2017 that address potential human exposures through ingestion and inhalation, as well as results from human biomonitoring studies. In addition, we proposed the use of relative potency factor approach in order to facilitate the assessment of concurrent exposure to a mixture of neonics with similar chemical structures and toxicological endpoints. We believe that the scientific information that we presented in this review will aid to future assessment of total neonic exposure and subsequently human health risk characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Providence, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
| | - Z Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Providence, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
| | - C H Chang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
| | - J L Lou
- Institute of Occupational Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - M R Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Providence, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - C Lu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA; College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Chang CH, Lin HJ, Liao YY, Chu FY, Chen KT. Elevated Aminotransferases are Predictors of Hepatic Injury in Blunt Abdominal Trauma Patients. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791302000602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Computed tomography (CT) scan is currently the most commonly used tool for evaluating solid-organ injuries in trauma management. However, liberal use of CT scanning increases the risk of excess radiation exposure and toxicity from contrast material. Animal studies and clinical research on the paediatric population indicated that liver enzymes elevations were related to hepatic injury. The present study was undertaken to determine whether elevated liver enzymes were associated with the occurrence of hepatic injury in adult patients with blunt abdominal trauma. Methods This is a cross-sectional study from August 2003 to October 2006. All adult patients with blunt injury to abdomino-pelvic organs documented by CT or surgery who were admitted to Chi-Mei Medical Centre in the captioned period were included. The study population sorted to hepatic injury (HI) and no hepatic injury (NHI) groups according to the presence or absence of hepatic injury. Variables including liver enzymes were compared between the groups. Results Totally 419 patients were included, including 150 patients in the HI group and 269 patients in the NHI group. The HI group was younger and had a lower rate of laparotomy (36.3 years old vs 41.4 years old; 26% vs 42%, respectively). The mean levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the HI group were significantly higher than levels in the NHI group (439.6 IU/L vs 104.7 IU/L; 353.5 IU/L vs 76.6 IU/L, p<0.01). We define AST >200 IU/L or ALT level >125 IU/L as abnormal according to previous studies. The diagnostic characteristics of hepatic injury were 87.3% sensitivity, 80.3% specificity, 71.2% positive predictive value, and 91.9% negative predictive value. Conclusion In adults who have experienced blunt abdominal trauma, AST >200 U/L or of ALT >125 U/L are practical predictors of hepatic injury. Screening serum aminotransferases will have a role in detecting occult hepatic injury and may reduce the hazards of excessive CT scanning. (Hong Kong j.emerg.med. 2013;20:337-342)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - HJ Lin
- Sourthern Tainan University of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - YY Liao
- Chi-Mei Medical Centre, Emergency Department, Liouying, Taiwan
| | - FY Chu
- Chi-Mei Medical Centre, Emergency Department, Chiali, Taiwan
| | - KT Chen
- Taipei Medical University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Hsiao KY, Li WC, Chang CH, Lin MHC, Yang JT, Wang PC, Chen KH. An Evaluation of the ACEP Guideline for Mild Head Injuries in Taiwan. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791702400204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important issue in the emergency department. In the United States, the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) published clinical guideline to select patients with mild head injuries for head computed tomography (CT) scans in 2008. The aim of this study was to identify the possible benefits of compliance with these guidelines for mild head injury patients in Taiwan. Method This was a secondary analysis on our previous study published for association of hypertension and head injuries. In our previous study, we collected data about 1290 patients with head injuries who received brain CT scans in the emergency department from September 2012 to August 2013 for a study regarding the association between head injury and hypertension. In present study, we subjected this data to further analysis to try to validate the ACEP clinical policy for mild head injuries. Results Of these 1,290 patients, 154 were found to have brain haemorrhage on the initial brain CT scan, and 5 were in need of neurosurgical intervention. A total of 859 patients met the ACEP guideline criteria, and 117 of these had brain haemorrhages. The sensitivity and specificity of the ACEP guideline to predict brain haemorrhage were 75.97% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68.44% to 82.48%) and 34.68% (95% CI, 31.91% to 37.53%), respectively. In predicting neurosurgical intervention, the sensitivity and specificity of the guideline were 100% (95% CI, 47.82% to 100%) and 33.54% (95% CI, 30.96% to 36.2%), respectively. Conclusion Although adoption of the ACEP clinical policy may reduce the number of brain CT scans in mild head injury patients who may need neurosurgical interventions, it is not a good selection tool in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- KY Hsiao
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine; and Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Department of Nursing, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - WC Li
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Department of Occupation Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - CH Chang
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, College of Nursing &the Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - MHC Lin
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - JT Yang
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Chiayi; and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - PC Wang
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - KH Chen
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan; and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chiayi, Taiwan
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18
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Hsu SL, Lee PY, Chang CH, Chen CH. Immunological impression cytology of the conjunctival epithelium in patients with thyroid orbitopathy-related dry eye. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr9011. [PMID: 27706674 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15039011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid orbitopathy (TO) is an autoimmune disease that is complicated by ocular surface disorders, leading to discomfort. Dry eye is very prevalent in patients with TO. Recent studies on the pathogenesis of dry eye have focused on the inflammatory process, and some supporting evidence has been discovered. Because TO is a disorder of autoimmune origin, we assumed that the association between TO and dry eye is related to inflammation. Inflammation of the ocular surface in TO-related dry eye has not been well studied. In this study, we assessed cellular inflammation of the ocular surface and the cytokine profiles in patients with TO-related dry eye. Conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) was assessed with an immunofluorescent assay. TO-related dry eye was diagnosed by using the Schirmer test, tear break-up time, thyroid function, and clinical signs. CIC was combined with immunological staining of interleukin-1a (IL-1a), IL-1b, and IL- 6. The immunological impression cytology (IC) grade was compared to the clinical activity score of TO. All TO patients with dry eye were positive for IL-1a, IL-1b, and IL-6. However, the normal controls were also positive for IL-1a. A trend was observed between the clinical inflammatory score and immunological IC grade. This study was the first to delineate the immunological IC of TO-related dry eye. Our study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of dry eye in TO. Our findings suggest that the conjunctival cytokines IL-1a, IL-1b, and IL-6 may play a role. The results of this study will be useful for future studies of additional inflammatory cytokines, and the levels of these cytokines could be used as an outcome to assess the efficacy of treatment, such as anti-cytokine or immunosuppression therapy, in patients with TO-related dry eye or other ocular surface inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - P Y Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C H Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C H Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chang HT, Liu CS, Chou CT, Hsieh CH, Chang CH, Chen WC, Liu SI, Hsu SS, Chen JS, Jiann BP, Huang JK, Jan CR. Econazole induces increases in free intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in human osteosarcoma cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 24:453-8. [PMID: 16235734 DOI: 10.1191/0960327105ht558oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Econazole is an antifungal drug with different in vitro effects. However, econazole's effect on osteoblast like cells is unknown. In human MG63 osteosarcoma cells, the effect of econazole on intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) was explored by using fura-2. At a concentration of 0.1 μM, econazole started to cause a rise in [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner. Econazole-induced [Ca2+]i rise was reduced by 74% by removal of extracellular Ca2+. The econazole-induced Ca2+ influx was mediated via a nimodipine-sensitive pathway. In Ca2+ free medium, thapsigargin, an inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase, caused a [Ca2+]i rise, after which the increasing effect of econazole on [Ca2+]i was abolished. Pretreatment of cells with econazole to deplete Ca2+ stores totally prevented thapsigargin from releasing Ca2+. U73122, an inhibitor of phospholipase C, abolished histamine (an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate dependent Ca2+ mobilizer)-induced, but not econazoleinduced, [Ca2+]i rise. Econazole inhibited 76% of thapsigargin-induced store-operated Ca2+ entry. These findings suggest that in MG63 osteosarcoma cells, econazole increases [Ca2+]i by stimulating Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum via a phospholipase C-independent manner. In contrast, econazole acts as a potent blocker of store-operated Ca2+ entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chang CH, Hsieh CH, Huang JC, Wang C, Liao YC, Hsueh CH, Du XH, Wang ZK, Wang X. Designing a stronger interface through graded structures in amorphous/nanocrystalline ZrCu/Cu multilayered films. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:225701. [PMID: 27103429 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/22/225701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Many multilayered nano-structures appear to fail due to brittle matter along the interfaces. In order to toughen them, in this study, the microstructure and interface strength of multilayered thin films consisting of amorphous ZrCu and nanocrystalline Cu (with sharp or graded interfaces) are examined and analyzed. The interface possesses a gradient nature in terms of composition, nanocrystalline phase size and volume fraction. The bending results extracted from the nano-scaled cantilever bending samples demonstrate that multilayered films with graded interfaces would have a much higher interface bending strength/strain/modulus, and an overall improvement upgrade of more than 50%. The simple graded interface design of multilayered thin films with improved mechanical properties can offer much more promising performance in structural and functional applications for MEMS or optical coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Chang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 804, Republic of China
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Lin WT, Chang CH, Cheng CY, Chen MC, Wen YR, Lin CT, Lin CW. Effects of low amplitude pulsed radiofrequency stimulation with different waveform in rats for neuropathic pain. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2015; 2013:3590-3. [PMID: 24110506 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6610319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Pulsed-radiofrequency (PRF) electrical stimulation has been widely used for chronic pain treatment. It has been demonstrated with advantages of low temperature over traditional continuous radiofrequency (CRF) lesions with higher amplitude and mono polar electrode to treat pain in clinics (frequency 500 KHz, Pulse duration 20 msec, Amplitude 45 V, Treatment 2 min). We compare the effects of different pulse waveforms and PRF parameters (Pulse duration 25 ms, Treatment duration 5 min, low amplitude of 2.5/1.25 V) with a miniature bi-polar electrode on Dorsal root ganglion (DRG). The pain relief effect due to PRF is evaluated by using Von Frey method for the pain threshold index based on behavior response to mechanical stimulus of various strengths. Experimental results of Von Frey Score show that the sinusoidal group has higher responses than the square wave one. Both fast and secondary expressed proteins of c-fos and pp38 are measured from spinal cord tissue sectioning slides to characterize the pain associated inflammatory responses and their responses due to PRF stimulation.
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Chang CH, Lin TP, Chang YH, Huang WJS, Lin ATL, Chen KK. Vapoenucleation of the prostate using a high-power thulium laser: a one-year follow-up study. BMC Urol 2015; 15:40. [PMID: 25956819 PMCID: PMC4438483 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-015-0032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate vaporization and enucleation is a novel treatment option for bladder outlet obstruction caused by benign prostate enlargement. This surgical technique, however, has not yet been standardized. We present our findings of using a high-power thulium laser to accomplish vapoenucleation of the prostate (ThuVEP). METHODS We prospectively collected and analyzed data from 29 patients who underwent ThuVEP between August 2010 and May 2012. The control group included 30 patients who underwent traditional transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Operative variables, patient profiles, preoperative and postoperative urine flow rates, prostate volume (measured using transrectal ultrasonography), and the international prostate symptom score (IPSS) were recorded and analyzed using a two-tailed Student's t-test and analysis of variance. RESULTS The ages (mean ± SD) of the patients were 76.1 ± 9.4 and 72.6 ± 7.4 years (p = 0.28) in the ThuVEP and TURP groups, respectively. The average urinary flow rates before and 12 months after the operation (volume/maximum flow/average flow) were 243.3/10.5/5.0 and 302.8/17.6/9.4 (in mL, mL/s, mL/s, respectively) in the ThuVEP group and 247.2/10.8/4.6 and 369.9/20.8/12.0, respectively, in the TURP group. Preoperative and postoperative IPSSs were 17.1 ± 5.0 and 6.5 ± 3.8, respectively, in the ThuVEP group and 18.2 ± 4.5 and 6.2 ± 3.3, respectively, in the TURP group. The mean ratio of the estimated postoperative residual prostate volume to the preoperative total volume was 0.47 (p = 0.449) in both groups. The overall complication rate was 20.7% in the ThuVEP group and 30.0% in the TURP group. CONCLUSIONS One year of follow-up showed that ThuVEP and TURP effectively alleviated subjective and objective voiding symptoms with a low rate of complications. Thus, vapoenucleation using a high-power laser is feasible in elderly patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN registry with study ID ISRCTN52339705 . Date assigned: 06/03/2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsin Chang
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Ping Lin
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Urology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Shu-Tien Urological Science Research Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Hwa Chang
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Urology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Shu-Tien Urological Science Research Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - William J S Huang
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Urology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Shu-Tien Urological Science Research Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Alex T L Lin
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Urology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Shu-Tien Urological Science Research Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kuang-Kuo Chen
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Urology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Shu-Tien Urological Science Research Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chang CH, Chen CH, Tsao CW, Hsueh WJ. Superradiant modes in resonant quasi-periodic double-period quantum wells. Opt Express 2015; 23:11946-11951. [PMID: 25969284 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.011946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper firstly proposes the existence of superradiant modes in resonant quasi-periodic double-period quantum wells (QWs), which has not been observed from analyzing the structure factor by traditional methods. Using the gap map method, the reflection spectra under the relevant conditions show that there are dips in the middle and the linewidth grows linearly, despite the dips, as the number of QWs increases, which is a direct demonstration of superradiance. It is also found that the relevant conditions are divided into three regions, each of which has a different width of bandgaps.
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Chang CH, Cheng YH, Hsueh WJ. Twin extra-high photoluminescence in resonant double-period quantum wells. Opt Lett 2014; 39:6581-6584. [PMID: 25490626 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.006581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Twin extra high photoluminescence (PL) in resonant quasi-periodic double-period quantum wells (DPQWs) for higher-generation orders is demonstrated. In the DPQW, the number of maxima in the maximum values of the PL intensity is two, which is different from other quasi-periodic quantum wells (QWs) and traditional periodic QWs. The maximum PL intensity in a DPQW is also stronger than that in a periodic QW under the anti-Bragg condition and that in a Fibonacci QW. Although the peaks of the squared electric field for the twin PL are both located near the QWs, their field profiles are distinct.
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Tseng S, Chang CH, Hsu JP, Liu BT. Influence of temperature on the electroosmotic flow in a pH-regulated, zwitterionic cylindrical pore filled with multiple monovalent ions. Electrochem commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Huang EYH, Chang CH, Lin ATL, Chen KK. Suprapubic mini-laparoscopy-assisted transurethral thulium laser excision of intravesical mesh after anti-incontinence sling procedures. Urological Science 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urols.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Puza N, Papich MG, Reinero C, Chang CH, Yu DH, Sharp C, DeClue A. Pharmacokinetics and preliminary safety data of a single oral dose of bosentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist, in cats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 37:192-5. [PMID: 24745065 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties and adverse effect profile of single-dose oral bosentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist, in healthy cats. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined following a single mean ± SD oral dose of 3.2 ± 0.6 mg/kg of bosentan in 6 adult cats. Blood was collected for quantification of bosentan via high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Blood and urine were evaluated for CBC, plasma biochemical profile, and urinalysis, and repeat physical examinations were performed to evaluate for adverse effects. The mean terminal half-life of bosentan was 20.4 ± 17.2 h. The mean peak plasma concentration was 0.49 ± 0.24 g/mL, and the mean time to maximum plasma concentration was 6.8 ± 8.6 h. The area under the curve was 5.14 ± 3.81 h·μg/mL. Oral bosentan tablets were absorbed in cats, and no clinically important adverse events were noted. Further evaluation of repeat dosing, investigation into the in vivo efficacy of decreasing endothelin-1 concentrations in cats, as well as safety in conjunction with other medications is warranted.
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Hsueh WJ, Chang CH, Lin CT. Exciton photoluminescence in resonant quasi-periodic Thue-Morse quantum wells. Opt Lett 2014; 39:489-492. [PMID: 24487847 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This Letter investigates exciton photoluminescence (PL) in resonant quasi-periodic Thue-Morse quantum wells (QWs). The results show that the PL properties of quasi-periodic Thue-Morse QWs are quite different from those of resonant Fibonacci QWs. The maximum and minimum PL intensities occur under the anti-Bragg and Bragg conditions, respectively. The maxima of the PL intensity gradually decline when the filling factor increases from 0.25 to 0.5. Accordingly, the squared electric field at the QWs decreases as the Thue-Morse QW deviates from the anti-Bragg condition.
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Peng PC, Wang HY, Chang CH, Hu HL, Yang WY, Wu FK. DSBCS modulation scheme for hybrid wireless and cable television system. Opt Express 2014; 22:1135-1142. [PMID: 24515073 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.001135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This work develops and demonstrates a double sideband with optical carrier suppression (DSBCS) modulation scheme for a hybrid wireless and cable television system based on a phase modulator (PM) and a polarization beam splitter (PBS). A carrier suppression ratio greater than 20 dB is achieved between two sidebands. In addition, the values of carrier-to-noise ratio, composite second-order and composite triple beat in various channels after 25 km of transmission are higher than the threshold value, and the power penalty of microwave signal in back-to-back and 25 km transmission perform well. Additionally, the constellation diagram of upstream signal is successfully recovered. Above results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is highly promising for practical applications.
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Tsao CW, Hsueh WJ, Chang CH, Cheng YH. Quasi-Bragg conditions in Thue-Morse dielectric multilayers. Opt Lett 2013; 38:4562-4565. [PMID: 24322074 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.004562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The existence of quasi-Bragg conditions (QBCs) in Thue-Morse dielectric multilayers (TMDMs), based on high reflectance and large forbidden gap regions in its transmission spectra, is presented. In contrast to a single traditional Bragg condition (TBC) in periodic bilayers, there are three QBCs in TMDMs. The formula for each of these QBCs is derived. The results show that one of these QBCs just overlaps the TBC. However, a singular point with perfect transmission exists in this QBC at the quarter-wave stack, at which high reflection exists in the periodic bilayers.
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Chang CH, Chen CH, Hsueh WJ. Strong photoluminescence emission from resonant Fibonacci quantum wells. Opt Express 2013; 21:14656-14661. [PMID: 23787654 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.014656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Strong photoluminescence (PL) emission from a resonant Fibonacci quantum well (FQW) is demonstrated. The maximum PL intensity in the FQW is significantly stronger than that in a periodic QW under the Bragg or anti-Bragg conditions. Moreover, the peaks of the squared electric field in the FQW are located very near each of the QWs. The optimal PL spectrum in the FQW has an asymmetrical form rather than the symmetrical one in the periodic case. The maximum PL intensity and the corresponding thickness filling factor in the FQW become greater with increasing generation order.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Chang
- Department of Engineering Science, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10660, Taiwan
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Liu DG, Chao CH, Chang CH, Juang JM, Liu CY, Chang SH, Chang CF, Chou CK, Tseng CC, Chiang CH, Jean YC, Tang MT, Chung SC, Chang SL. Microbeam MAD Beamline for Challenging Protein Crystallography in TPS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/425/1/012004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Chang CH, Fan YH, Lin AT, Chen KK. Long-term clinical value of urethral sphincter injection of onabotulinumtoxinA for patients with acontractile bladder. Urological Science 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urols.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental erosion is an increasingly prevalent problem in Australia, with the consumption of sports beverages suggested as a risk factor. The aim of this study was to compare the erosive potential of Australian sports beverages. METHODS Ten beverages were selected and analysed to determine their pH, titratable acidity and apparent degree of saturation with respect to apatite. The erosive potential of the beverages was measured by human enamel surface loss and surface softening following a 30-minute exposure. A taste testing panel was established to determine the palatability of the sports beverages. RESULTS All sports beverages except Sukkie and Endura produced substantial surface loss and surface softening. Compared with the other sports beverages, Sukkie and Endura had a higher pH, lower titratable acidity and higher calcium content. However, Sukkie and Endura were deemed to be less palatable than the other more acidic sports beverages. CONCLUSIONS The majority of the sports beverages tested produced dental erosion in this in vitro model. However, two new products Sukkie and Endura have lower erosive potential but also lower palatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Cochrane
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Hsu WL, Tsai MH, Lin MW, Chiu YC, Lu JH, Chang CH, Yu HS, Yoshioka T. Differential effects of arsenic on calcium signaling in primary keratinocytes and malignant (HSC-1) cells. Cell Calcium 2012; 52:161-9. [PMID: 22695135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is highly toxic to living cells, especially skin, and skin cancer is induced by drinking water containing arsenic. The molecular mechanisms of arsenic-induced cancer, however, are not well understood. To examine the initial processes in the development of arsenic-induced cancer, we analyzed calcium signaling at an early stage of arsenic treatment of human primary cells and compared the effects with those observed with arsenic treatment in carcinoma-derived cells. We found that arsenic inhibited inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) function in the endoplasmic reticulum by inducing phosphorylation, which led to decreased intracellular calcium levels. Blockade of IP3R phosphorylation by the serine/threonine protein kinase Akt inhibitor wortmannin rescued calcium signaling. In contrast, arsenic treatment of cells derived from a carcinoma (human squamous carcinoma; HSC-1) for 1h had no obvious effect. Taken together, these results suggest that arsenic-induced reduction in calcium signaling is one of the initial mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation in the development of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
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Song JW, Kwak YL, Lee JW, Chang CH, Kim HS, Shim YH. The optimal effect site concentration of remifentanil in combination with intravenous midazolam and topical lidocaine for awake fibreoptic nasotracheal intubation in patients undergoing cervical spine surgery. Minerva Anestesiol 2012; 78:521-526. [PMID: 22240620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remifentanil has been suggested as a suitable agent for conscious sedation during fibreoptic intubation. We evaluated the optimal effect site concentration (Ce) of remifentanil target-controlled infusion (TCI) for awake nasotracheal fibreoptic intubation in patients undergoing elective cervical spine surgery. METHODS Nineteen ASA I-II patients were enrolled. Patients were premedicated with midazolam (<70 kg 1.5 mg; >70 kg 2.0 mg) intravenously. The EC(50) and EC(95) of remifentanil Ce for smooth intubation were determined using Dixon's up-and-down method and isotonic regression. Smooth intubation was considered to have failed when patients exhibited sustained and repetitive coughing with head lift during the procedure. Intubation time, number of attempts, adverse events, and hemodynamic variables were also recorded. Patients were asked to recall the procedure and grade satisfaction at postoperative 24 h. RESULTS The EC(50) of remifentanil Ce for smooth intubation was 2.33±0.38 ng·mL-1 as calculated by Dixon's method. The estimated EC(95) of remifentanil Ce was 3.38 (95% confidence interval 2.90-3.46) ng·mL-1. Median intubation time (min) was longer in failed smooth intubation than in smooth intubation (8.0 vs. 6.1, P=0.048). Eleven patients (58%) recalled the procedure and 16 patients (84%) rated their satisfaction score as good or excellent. CONCLUSION The estimated EC(95) of remifentanil Ce for smooth nasotracheal fibreoptic intubation with conscious sedation was 3.38 (95% CI 2.90-3.46) ng·mL-1 when used in combination with midazolam and topical lidocaine. Remifentanil TCI may provide a tolerable experience of awake fibreoptic intubation despite the high incidence of recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hung CY, Hu HC, Chang CH, Huang CC, Kao KC. Outcomes of early delivery in pregnant patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care 2012. [PMCID: PMC3363530 DOI: 10.1186/cc10719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Here, we report the case of a 63-year-old female patient who presented with emptying symptoms and was subsequently diagnosed with delayed labial agglutination. The adhered labia minora were divided by blunt dissection, and a topical estrogen ointment was applied after surgery. The patient's voiding symptoms were completely resolved and no recurrence of labial agglutination was noted 3 months after surgery. Labial agglutination is rare but often manifests with nonspecific emptying symptoms. Nevertheless, it can be easily diagnosed on physical examination and successfully treated by surgical intervention and the application of a local estrogen ointment. We present this rare case in order to emphasize the importance of physical examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsin Chang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Chang Chien SW, Chang CH, Chen SH, Wang MC, Madhava Rao M, Satya Veni S. Effect of sunlight irradiation on photocatalytic pyrene degradation in contaminated soils by micro-nano size TiO2. Sci Total Environ 2011; 409:4101-4108. [PMID: 21762957 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced catalytic pyrene degradation in quartz sand and alluvial and red soils by micro-nano size TiO(2) in the presence and absence of sunlight was investigated. The results showed that the synergistic effect of sunlight irradiation and TiO(2) was more efficient on pyrene degradation in quartz sand and red and alluvial soils than the corresponding reaction system without sunlight irradiation. In the presence of sunlight irradiation, the photooxidation (without TiO(2)) of pyrene was very pronounced in alluvial and red soils and especially in quartz sand. However, in the absence of sunlight irradiation, the catalytic pyrene degradation by TiO(2) and the photooxidation (without TiO(2)) of pyrene were almost nil. This implicates that ultra-violet (UV) wavelength range of sunlight plays an important role in TiO(2)-enhanced photocatalytic pyrene degradation and in photooxidation (without TiO(2)) of pyrene. The percentages of photocatalytic pyrene degradation by TiO(2) in quartz sand, alluvial and red soils under sunlight irradiation were 78.3, 23.4, and 31.8%, respectively, at 5h reaction period with a 5% (w/w) dose of the amended catalyst. The sequence of TiO(2)-enhanced catalytic pyrene degradation in quartz sand and alluvial and red soils was quartz sand>red soil>alluvial soil, due to different texture and total organic carbon (TOC) contents of the quartz sand and other two soils. The differential Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of degraded pyrene in alluvial soil corroborate that TiO(2)-enhanced photocatalytic degradation rate of degraded pyrene was much greater than photooxidation (without TiO(2)) rate of degraded pyrene. Based on the data obtained, the importance for the application of TiO(2)-enhanced photocatalytic pyrene degradation and associated organic contaminants in contaminated soils was elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Chang Chien
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufong District, Taichung City 41349, Taiwan, ROC
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Chang Chien SW, Chang CH, Chen SH, Wang MC, Madhava Rao M, Satya Veni S. Oxidative degradation of pyrene in contaminated soils by δ-MnO2 with or without sunlight irradiation. Sci Total Environ 2011; 409:4078-86. [PMID: 21752426 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced oxidative degradation of pyrene in quartz sand and alluvial and red soils by micro-nano size birnessite (δ-MnO(2)) in the presence and absence of sunlight was investigated. The degradation of pyrene by δ-MnO(2) in quartz sand showed very little synergistic effect of sunlight irradiation on δ-MnO(2) oxidizing power. However, pyrene degradation by δ-MnO(2) in alluvial and red soils was greater under solar irradiation than the combination of photooxidation of pyrene and oxidation of pyrene by δ-MnO(2). The oxidative degradation percentages of pyrene by δ-MnO(2) under sunlight irradiation are 94.8, 97.7, and 100% for alluvial soil, red soil, and quartz sand, respectively. Oxidative degradation percentages of pyrene by δ-MnO(2) in alluvial and red soils with irradiation of sunlight almost attained a maximum at 1 h with a 5% (w/w) dose of the amended oxidant. Due to their different total organic carbon (TOC) contents, the sequence of enhanced oxidative degradation of pyrene by δ-MnO(2) in quartz sand and alluvial and red soils was quartz sand>red soil>alluvial soil. Further, this study revealed that δ-MnO(2)-enhanced oxidative degradation of pyrene is very pronounced in contaminated soils in situ even at deep soil layers where irradiation by sunlight is very limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Chang Chien
- Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufong Township, Taichung County 41349, Taiwan, ROC
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Kim SH, Choi EM, Chang CH, Kim HK, Chung MH, Choi YR. Comparison of the effect-site concentrations of remifentanil for Streamlined Liner of the Pharynx Airway (SLIPA) versus laryngeal mask airway SoftSealTM insertion during target-controlled infusion of propofol. Anaesth Intensive Care 2011; 39:611-7. [PMID: 21823378 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1103900412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the optimal dose of remifentanil required for the successful insertion of Streamlined Liner of the Pharynx Airway (SLIPA) and to compare it to that required for laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion in patients receiving a propofol infusion at a standard effect-site concentration. Fifty-eight patients scheduled to undergo general anaesthesia were randomly assigned to either the SLIPA (n = 29) or LMA (n = 29) group. All patients were premedicated with midazolam 0.05 mg x kg(-1) and glycopyrrolate 0.004 mg x kg(-1) intramuscularly. After the administration of lignocaine 1 mg x kg(-1) intravenously, a propofol infusion was started at an effect-site concentration of 3.5 microg x ml(-1) with a remifentanil infusion without a neuromuscular blocking agent. The remifentanil dose was determined by the modified up-and-down method starting in each group at 4 ng x ml(-1). Six minutes after induction, the airway device was inserted. Airway device insertion was classified as 'success' or 'failure' based on patient response. From the isotonic regression analysis and bootstrap distribution, the EC50 of remifentanil for SLIPA and LMA were 0.93 ng x ml(-1) (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81 to 1.50 ng x ml(-1) and 1.36 ng x ml(-1) (95% CI 1.19 to 2.06 ng x ml(-1)) respectively, and the EC95 for SLIPA and LMA insertions were 1.90 ng x ml(-1) (95% CI 1.39 to 1.95) and 2.43 ng x ml(-1) (95% CI 1.80 to 2.46 ng x ml(-1)) respectively. Using the 83% CIs from the bootstrap distribution, EC50 for SLIPA was significantly less than that of LMA (0.83 to 1.23 vs 1.26 to 2.00, respectively) (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the insertion of SLIPA needs about a 32% lower depth of anaesthesia than LMA insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chang DJ, Chang CH, Lee JS, Jeon HJ, Han DW. Propofol-remifentanil and the ankle clonus test in scoliosis patients. Anaesthesia 2010; 65:749-50. [PMID: 20642525 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2010.06391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wu M, Lou JK, Chang DY, Chang CH, Nie ZQ. Structure and function of a chloroplast DNA replication origin of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 83:6761-5. [PMID: 16593755 PMCID: PMC386589 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.18.6761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast DNA replication in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is initiated by the formation of a displacement loop (D-loop) at a specific site. One D-loop site with its flanking sequence was cloned in recombinant plasmids SC3-1 and R-13. The sequence of the chloroplast DNA insert in SC3-1, which includes the 0.42-kilobase (kb) D-loop region, as well as 0.2 kb to the 5' end and 0.43 kb to the 3' end of the D-loop region, was determined. The sequence is A+T-rich and contains four large stem-loop stuctures. An open reading frame potentially coding for a polypeptide of 136 amino acids was detected in the D-loop region. One stem-loop structure and two back-to-back prokaryotic-type promoters were mapped within the open reading frame. The 5.5-kb EcoRI fragment cloned in R-13 contains the 1.05-kb SC3-1 insert and its flanking regions. A yeast autonomously replicating (ARS) sequence and an ARC sequence, which promotes autonomous replication in Chlamydomonas, have been mapped within the flanking regions [Vallet, J.-M. & Rochaix, J.-D. (1985) Curr. Genet. 9, 321-324]. Both R-13 and SC3-1 were active as templates in a crude algal preparation that supports DNA synthesis. In this in vitro system, chloroplast DNA synthesis initiated near the D-loop site.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21228
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Abstract
We have found that extensively washed purple membrane has about 1 calcium and 3-4 magnesium ions bound per bacteriorhodopsin molecule. When these divalent cations are removed by any of a variety of means, the pigment changes its color from purple to blue (lambda(max) approximately 600 nm). This blue pigment, which can be formed at near neutral pH, is probably very similar to blue species formed when the pH of a purple membrane sample is lowered to approximately 2. When any of a wide variety of cations are added to a blue membrane preparation, the characteristic purple color of bacteriorhodopsin returns. Divalent and trivalent cations are much more efficient than monovalent cations in restoring the purple color and are effective at a ratio approaching one cation per pigment molecule. Besides shifting the absorption spectrum, removal of the divalent cations drastically alters the photochemical cycle of bacteriorhodopsin, including abolishing the unprotonated Schiff base (M-type) intermediate. Finally, lanthanum not only displaces the divalent cations normally bound to the purple membrane but also greatly reduces both the rate of decay of the M412 intermediate and proton uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Chang
- University of Illinois, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, 407 South Goodwin Avenue, 524 Burrill Hall, Urbana, IL 61801
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Abstract
When cations are removed from the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium it turns blue (lambda(max) = 603 nm); continuous irradiation with intense red light (lambda's >/= 630 nm) converts this deionized blue membrane into a pink membrane (lambda(max) approximately 491 nm). The rate and extent of the transformation from the blue to the pink membrane is facilitated by the removal of the last twenty COOH-terminal amino acids of bacteriorhodopsin. While the chromophore of the blue membrane is a 32:68 mixture of the 13-cis and all-trans isomers of retinal, the chromophore of the pink membrane is 9-cis rectinal. The quantum efficiency of the pink to blue membrane photoconversion is relatively high compared with that of the blue to pink membrane photoconversion. Proton release is observed when the pink membrane is converted to the blue form, and proton uptake occurs during the reverse transition. Unlike the blue membrane, the absorbance maximum of the pink membrane is only slightly affected by cation addition at low pH and ionic strength.
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Abstract
Several observations have already suggested that the carboxyl groups are involved in the association of divalent cations with bacteriorhodopsin (Chang et al., 1985). Here we show that at least part of the protons released from deionized purple membrane (;blue membrane') samples when salt is added are from carboxyl groups. We find that the apparent pK of magnesium binding to purple membrane in the presence of 0.5 mM buffer is 5.85. We suggest this is the pK of the carboxyl groups shifted from their usual pK because of the proton concentrating effect of the large negative surface potential of the purple membrane. Divalent cations may interact with negatively charged sites on the surface of purple membrane through the surface potential and/or through binding either by individual ligands or by conformation-dependent chelation. We find that divalent cations can be released from purple membrane by raising the temperature. Moreover, purple membrane binds only about half as many divalent cations after bleaching. Neither of these operations is expected to decrease the surface potential and thus these experiments suggest that some specific conformation in purple membrane is essential for the binding of a substantial fraction of the divalent cations. Divalent cations in purple membrane can be replaced by monovalent, (Na(+) and K(+)), or trivalent, (La(+++)) cations. Flash photolysis measurements show that the amplitude of the photointermediate, O, is affected by the replacement of the divalent cations by other ions, especially by La(+++). The kinetics of the M photointermediate and light-induced H(+) uptake are not affected by Na(+) and K(+), but they are drastically lengthened by La(+++) substitution, especially at alkaline pHs. We suggest that the surface charge density and thus the surface potential is controlled by divalent cation binding. Removal of the cations (to make deionized blue membrane) or replacement of them (e.g. La(+++)-purple membrane) changes the surface potential and hence the proton concentration near the membrane surface. An increase in local proton concentration could cause the protonation of critical carboxyl groups, for example the counter-ion to the protonated Schiff's base, causing the red shift associated with the formation of both deionized and acid blue membrane. Similar explanations based on regulation of the surface proton concentration can explain many other effects associated with the association of different cations with bacteriorhodopsin.
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Chang CH, Shau WY, Jiang YD, Li HY, Chang TJ, Sheu WHH, Kwok CF, Ho LT, Chuang LM. Type 2 diabetes prevalence and incidence among adults in Taiwan during 1999-2004: a national health insurance data set study. Diabet Med 2010; 27:636-43. [PMID: 20546280 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03007.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate annual prevalence and incidence of Type 2 diabetes and to examine possible trends among adults in Taiwan. METHODS A retrospective nationwide longitudinal study using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database collected during 1999-2004. Adult patients aged > or = 20 years old with prevalent and incident Type 2 diabetes were identified using ICD-9-CM diagnostic codes. Age-specific and age-direct-standardized annual incidence and prevalence were calculated to describe their trends in different gender and age group and compared using Poisson regression. RESULTS During the study years, the age-standardized prevalence of Type 2 diabetes increased from 4.7 to 6.5% for men and from 5.3 to 6.6% for women. The increasing trends in prevalence were significant and higher among people aged < 40 and > or = 80 years. The age-standardized incidence rates of Type 2 diabetes per 1000 person-years were approximately 7.6 and remain stable for men, but decreasing from 7.7 to 6.9 for women. However, the incidence increased significantly in younger adults aged < 40 years whose relative incidence (RI with 95% confidence interval) was 1.31 (1.20-1.42) for men and 1.04 (1.01-1.08) for women. The incidence trends for people aged > or = 40 years were decreased for men and women. The differences in incidence trends between age groups and between genders were all statistically significant (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated a substantial increasing trend in Type 2 diabetes prevalence during 1999-2004 among adults in Taiwan. Despite the incidence decreased in older people, young men aged 20-40 years were most susceptible to higher incidence of Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Racecadotril is known as an inhibitor of enkephalinase. Increase of plasma insulin by racecadotril has been observed in rats while the mechanism of the action remains obscure. In the present study, intravenous injection of male Wistar rats with racecadotril significantly decreased blood glucose levels. However, this effect of racecadotril was not modified by naloxone at the dose sufficient to block opioid receptors. Thus, the blood glucose-lowering action of racecadotril might be through an endogenous opioid independent mechanism. Otherwise, we found that C-peptide content was also raised by racecadotril in parallel with the increase of insulin in Wistar rats. Thus, the blood glucose-lowering action of racecadotril was related to insulin secretion, but not through the inhibition of plasma insulin degradation. In addition, racecadotril showed no direct effect on insulin secretion in isolated islets or cultured HIT-T15 beta cells. The increase of plasma insulin and blood glucose-lowering action induced by racecadotril were reduced by pretreatment with atropine and enhanced by physotigmine. Direct inhibition of cholinesterase was not observed in brain homogenates treated with racecadotril. Moreover, actions of racecadotril were significantly reduced in rats receiving hemicholinium-3 at a sufficient dose to decrease endogenous acetylcholine. Activation of cholinergic tone is possibly involved in the blood glucose-lowering effect of racecadotril. Our results suggested that racecadotril increased insulin secretion to lower blood glucose mainly via regulation of parasympathetic tone in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
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Abstract
Acinetobacter has been found to be the major species responsible for mediating biological phosphate removal. The growth kinetics and phosphate uptake were investigated for an isolated Acinetobacter strain growing in a defined medium. The phosphate uptake is dependent on growth rate, temperature, and pH. Polyphosphate granules occurred in a balanced growth stage. The maximum phosphorus content in cells was 4.8% at the dilution rate of 12 day(-1). The specific phosphate uptake rate was found to be a quadratic polynomial function of the dilution rate. Increased calcium (up to 36 mg/L) and magnesium (up to 15 mg/L), and the addition of yeast extract (100 mg/L), primary effluent (20%), and fluoride (10 mg/L) did not affect phosphate uptake. Anaerobic conditioning (N(2) stripping), low pH (CO(2) stripping), and addition of sodium acetate under anaerobic conditions failed to stimulate immediate phosphate release. Nevertheless, After 21-24 h, the phosphate release was ca. 3, 5, and 15 mg P/g cell, respectively, for N(2) purging, the addition of acetate, and CO(2) purging. For two-stage completely stirred reactor operation, there was negligible phosphate overplus at the second reactor when phosphate was added, when the first reactor was subjected to phosphate limitation. When both phosphate and carbon limited the growth in the first reactor, there was slight phosphate accumulation under endogenous respiration conditions in the second reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Hao
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park Maryland 20742, USA
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