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Synthesis and characterization of neutral cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes and their antibacterial and cytotoxic evaluations. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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2
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Targeting DNA Binding for NF-κB as an Anticancer Approach in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100177. [PMID: 30360426 PMCID: PMC6209864 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoline core has been shown to possess a promising role in the development of anticancer agents. However, the correlation between its broad spectrum of bioactivity and the underlying mechanism of actions is poorly understood. The present study, with the use of bioinformatics approaches, reported a series of designed molecules which integrated quinoline core and sulfonyl moiety, with the objective of evaluating the substituent and linker effects on anticancer activities and associated mechanistic targets. We identified potent compounds (1h, 2h, 5 and 8) exhibiting significant anticancer effects towards liver cancer cells (Hep3B) with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) relative values of cytotoxicity below 0.40, a value in the range of doxorubicin positive control with the value of 0.12. Bulky substituents and the presence of bromine atom, as well as the presence of sulfonamide linkage, are likely the favorable structural components for molecules exerting a strong anticancer effect. To the best of our knowledge, our findings obtained from chemical synthesis, in vitro cytotoxicity, bioinformatics-based molecular docking analysis (similarity ensemble approach, SEA),and electrophoretic mobility shift assay provided the first evidence in correlation to the anticancer activities of the selected compound 5 with the modulation on the binding of transcription factor NF-κB to its target DNA. Accordingly, compound 5 represented a lead structure for the development of quinoline-based NF-κB inhibitors and this work added novel information on the understanding of the mechanism of action for bioactive sulfonyl-containing quinoline compounds against hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Recent advances on topical antimicrobials for skin and soft tissue infections and their safety concerns. Crit Rev Microbiol 2018; 44:40-78. [PMID: 28423970 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2017.1313811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance of disease-related microorganisms is considered a worldwide prevalent and serious issue which increases the failure of treatment outcomes and leads to high mortality. Considering that the increased resistance to systemic antimicrobial therapy often needs of the use of more toxic agents, topical antimicrobial therapy emerges as an attractive route for the treatment of infectious diseases. The topical antimicrobial therapy is based on the absorption of high drug doses in a readily accessible skin surface, resulting in a reduction of microbial proliferation at infected skin sites. Topical antimicrobials retain the following features: (a) they are able to escape the enzymatic degradation and rapid clearance in the gastrointestinal tract or the first-pass metabolism during oral administration; (b) alleviate the physical discomfort related to intravenous injection; (c) reduce possible adverse effects and drug interactions of systemic administrations; (d) increase patient compliance and convenience; and (e) reduce the treatment costs. Novel antimicrobials for topical application have been widely exploited to control the emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms. This review provides a description of antimicrobial resistance, common microorganisms causing skin and soft tissue infections, topical delivery route of antimicrobials, safety concerns of topical antimicrobials, recent advances, challenges and future prospective in topical antimicrobial development.
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Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a malignant tumor of the central nervous system, has a high mortality rate. No curative treatment is presently available, and the most commonly used chemotherapeutic drug, the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ), is only able to increase life expectancy and is often associated with drug resistance. Therefore, an urgent need does exist for novel drugs aimed at treating gliomas. In the present study, we obtained three major results using corilagin: (a) demonstrated that it inhibits the growth of U251 glioma cells through activation of the apoptotic pathway; (b) demonstrated that it is also active on TMZ-resistant T98G glioma cells; and (c) demonstrated that when used in combination with TMZ on T98G glioma cells, a higher level of proapototic and antiproliferative effects is observed. Our study indicates that corilagin should be investigated in more detail to determine whether it can be developed as a potential therapeutic agent. In addition, our results suggest that corilagin could be used in combination with low doses of other standard anticancer chemotherapeutic drugs against gliomas (such as TMZ) with the aim of obtaining enhanced anticancer effects.
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5
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Recent advances in green nanoparticulate systems for drug delivery: efficient delivery and safety concern. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:357-385. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology manipulates therapeutic agents at the nanoscale for the development of nanomedicines. However, there are current concerns over nanomedicines, mainly related to the possible toxicity of nanomaterials used for health medications. Due to their small size, they can enter the human body more readily than larger sized particles. Green chemistry encompasses the green synthesis of drug-loaded nanoparticles by reducing the use of hazardous materials in the synthesis process, thus reducing the adverse health impacts of pharmaceutics. This would greatly expand their potential in biomedical treatments. This review highlights the potential risks of nanomedicine formulations to health, delivery routes of green nanomedicines, recent advances in the development of green nanoscale systems for biomedical applications and future perspectives for the green development of nanomedicines.
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Corrigendum to “Development of hydrocortisone succinic acid/and 5-fluorouracil/chitosan microcapsules for oral and topical drug deliveries” [Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 22 (2012) 3213–3218]. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Preparation and characterization of bio-safe activated charcoal derived from coffee waste residue and its application for removal of lead and copper ions. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05082g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Anti-tumour and pharmacokinetics study of 2-Formyl-8-hydroxy-quinolinium chloride as Galipea longiflora alkaloid analogue. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:877-882. [PMID: 24680618 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The quinolinium chloride salt of 8-hydroxyqinolinecarbaldehyde (2-Formyl-8-hydroxy-quinolinium chloride) was prepared as Galipea longiflora alkaloid analogue and its anticancer activity was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. This chloride salt was found to show certain degree of selectivity between hepatoma cells and normal hepatocytes in vitro. Athymic nude mice Hep3B xenograft model further demonstrated that this 2-Formyl-8-hydroxy-quinolinium chloride could execute strong anti-tumour activity with the identification of extensive necrotic feature from the tumour xenograft and limited adverse toxicological effect.
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10
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The puzzling issue of 'vehicle-treated control' when using ethanol as drug carrier for MCF-7 cells. Phytother Res 2014; 28:1735-6. [PMID: 24719313 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol has been commonly used as a vehicle for drug discovery purpose in vitro. The human breast cancer MCF-7 estrogen dependent cell line is a common in vitro model used for hormonal therapy study. However, special precaution is suggested when ethanol is used in pharmacological tests as solvent in order to evaluate the biological activity of potential drugs especially concerning about the MCF-7. Ethanol was shown to stimulate the proliferation of this estrogen receptor positive cell line. Here, we have further demonstrated that the dose responsive stimulatory effect of ethanol on the MCF-7 cells after pre-incubating the breast carcinoma cells with phenol red-free medium and stripped fetal bovine serum. Our findings open a discussion for the evaluation of ethanol as solvent for drug discovery and screening when using MCF-7 cells as a testing model.
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11
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Synthesis, characterization and photovoltaic properties of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-bridged molecules. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10081f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Four benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDT) centred small molecules with different acceptor and end-capping groups were synthesized as the donor materials for organic solar cells.
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12
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Preparation of 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives as potential antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 24:367-70. [PMID: 24269165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the preparation of quinoline compounds as possible anti-bacterial agents. The synthesized quinoline derivatives show anti-bacterial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus. It is interesting to observe that the synthetic 5,7-dibromo-2-methylquinolin-8-ol (4) shows a similar minimum inhibitory concentration of 6.25μg/mL as compared to that of methicillin (3.125μg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus.
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13
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Sensitization of Hep3B hepatoma cells to cisplatin and doxorubicin by corilagin. Phytother Res 2013; 28:781-3. [PMID: 23913631 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer action of gallotannins is a well-developed topic. We have demonstrated the in vivo antitumour activity of corilagin on Hep3B hepatoma using the xenograft athymic nude mice model. Here, we further report the potential sensitization of Hep3B hepatoma cells to cisplatin and doxorubicin by corilagin. Our results showed that corilagin is able to enhance the cytotoxicity of both cisplatin and doxorubicin on the Hep3B hepatoma cells. We speculate the possible use of corilagin in combination with low dosages of the anticancer chemotherapeutic standard drugs like cisplatin and doxorubicin, with the aim of obtaining an increment in the anticancer effect.
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14
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In vivo antitumour activity of amphiphilic silicon(IV) phthalocyanine with axially ligated rhodamine B. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2373-6. [PMID: 23473678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We explore the possible cellular cytotoxic activity of an amphiphilic silicon(IV) phthalocyanine with axially ligated rhodamine B under ambient light experimental environment as well as its in vivo antitumour potential using Hep3B hepatoma cell model. After loading into the Hep3B hepatoma cells, induction of cellular cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest were detected. Strong growth inhibition of tumour xenograft together with significant tumour necrosis and limited toxicological effects exerted on the nude mice could be identified.
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Preparation of Galipea officinalis Hancock type tetrahydroquinoline alkaloid analogues as anti-tumour agents. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:166-171. [PMID: 23123223 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of chiral tetrahydroquinolines using Ir-catalysed asymmetric hydrogenation and their possible cytotoxic potential anti-cancer activity were reported. Both of the in vitro cytotoxicity assay on a series of human cancer cell lines including A549 small cell lung cancer, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer, SaoS2 sacroma, SKHep-1 hepatoma and Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma as well as in vivo animal model using Hep3B hepatocellular tumour xenograft on athymic nude mice suggest that 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquin-8-ol is a potential anti-tumour alkaloid which may be further developed as a novel cancer chemotherapeutic agent.
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16
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Dynamic dual stage phosphorescence chromatic change in a diborylated iridium phosphor for fluoride ion sensing with concentration discriminating capability. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra00082f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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17
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A novel green gelatin–agar microencapsulation system with P. urinaria as an improved anti-A. niger model. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:877-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Development of hydrocortisone succinic acid/and 5-fluorouracil/chitosan microcapsules for oral and topical drug deliveries. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3213-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Development of phyllanthin containing microcapsules and their improved biological activity towards skin cells and Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:468-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Tuning the Donor-Acceptor Strength of Low-Bandgap Platinum-Acetylide Polymers for Near-Infrared Photovoltaic Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:1472-7. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Platinum-Acetylide Polymers with Higher Dimensionality for Organic Solar Cells. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:1766-77. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Synthesis, characterization and photovoltaic behavior of platinum acetylide polymers with electron-deficient 9,10-anthraquinone moiety. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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In vivo anti-tumour activity of corilagin on Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 18:11-15. [PMID: 21036022 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the potential in vivo anti-tumour activity of corilagin using the Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cell line and an athymic nude mice xenograft model. The purity of corilagin was confirmed by high performance liquid chromatographic analysis. Corilagin was administrated intraperitoneally for a continuous period of 7 days at a concentration of 15 mg/kg of body weight per day. A significant inhibition of tumour growth was observed when treated mice are compared with control groups. Furthermore, analysis of enzymes markers of liver function, including alanine aminotransferase and asparate aminotransferase, suggested that current therapeutic dosage of corilagin did not exert adverse effect on liver. Our observations support the view that corilagin is considerably effective to retard the in vivo growth of xenografted Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma.
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The preparation of bi-functional organophosphine oxides as potential antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:5527-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Synthesis, characterization and preliminary analysis of in vivo biological activity of chitosan/celecoxib microcapsules. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:4147-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Synthesis of 9,9-Dialkyl-4,5-diazafluorene Derivatives and Their Structure-Activity Relationships Toward Human Carcinoma Cell Lines. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:559-66. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Novel Use of Silymarin as Delayed Therapy for Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Hepatic Injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 17:209-13. [DOI: 10.1159/000319317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Antitumor activity of diethynylfluorene derivatives of gold(I). Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:7872-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Macromol. Chem. Phys. 21/2009. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200990051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Efficient Electrophosphorescence from a Platinum Metallopolyyne Featuring a 2,7-Carbazole Chromophore. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Comparing histopathological classification with MYCN, 1p36 and 17q status detected by fluorescence in situ hybridisation from 14 untreated primary neuroblastomas in Singapore. Singapore Med J 2009; 50:1090-1094. [PMID: 19960166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumour in children, accounting for about 5.3 percent of all childhood cancers in Singapore. Several genetic abnormalities have been reported as prognostic markers, including amplification of the MYCN gene, deletion of the short arm of chromosome 1 (1p) and gain of the long arm of chromosome 17 (17q). However, the correlation between tumour histology and these genetic parameters remains to be established in our local population. METHODS 14 untreated primary neuroblastoma tumours, diagnosed consecutively in our hospital between 2003 and 2007, were included for this study. Tumour tissues were classified histologically as favourable or unfavourable, according to the modification of World Heath Organization Classification of Tumours, by associating the degree of differentiation and mitotic-karyorrhectic index of the neuroblastoma to the age of the patient. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis for MYCN, 1p status and 17q status were subsequently performed on tumour touch imprints. RESULTS Five tumours with favourable histology were all negative for the three genetic parameters being investigated. The other nine tumours showing unfavourable histology exhibited one or more of the three genetic parameters. All MYCN amplified tumours either had additional 1p deletion and/or 17q gain. CONCLUSION Our limited data suggests that 1p deletion and 17q gain are reliable independent parameters correlating with an unfavourable histology and poor clinical outcome. The use of 1p deletion and 17q gain studies, in addition to MYCN amplification studies, should be considered routinely in predicting prognosis in neuroblastomas.
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Antibiotics and postoperative abscesses in complicated appendicitis: is there any association? Singapore Med J 2008; 49:615-618. [PMID: 18756343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Complicated appendicitis has significant infective postoperative morbidity. There is no universally-accepted antibiotic regime, although traditionally, triple antibiotics are recommended. Our complicated appendicitis clinical pathway recommends ceftriaxone and metronidazole. The study aimed to determine if choice of antibiotics influenced the risk of infective complications. METHODS We reviewed all paediatric appendicectomy patients between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2005. All patients with intraoperative diagnosis of perforated appendicitis were recruited, excluding infants, immunocompromised patients, and patients allergic to the guideline antibiotics. All operations were performed by registrar/consultant surgeons and were laparoscopic, unless technically not feasible. RESULTS There were 82 patients with perforated appendicitis. 62 patients (76 percent) followed pathway antibiotics, and 20 patients (24 percent) deviated from the pathway by receiving additional empiric gentamycin. We compared the pathway compliant and deviation groups, and found no significant differences in patient characteristics, clinical presentation, operation, length of stay and infective complications. Overall there was one wound infection and five (six percent) postoperative abscesses. Initial peritoneal cultures and subsequent drainage cultures of patients who developed abscesses were sensitive to treatment antibiotics. CONCLUSION In complicated appendicitis, empirical perioperative addition of gentamycin to ceftriaxone and metronidazole did not reduce the risk of developing intra-abdominal abscess, compared to changing antibiotics on clinical grounds. Patients developed postoperative abscesses despite initial peritoneal cultures growing organisms sensitive to treatment antibiotics.
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Synthesis and Characterization of Some Metal Complexes of 4,5-Diazafluoren-9-one and their Biological Effects on Human Carcinoma Cells. Aust J Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1071/ch08342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Three new transition metal complexes of 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one, [(DAFO)PdCl2], [(DAFO)PtCl2], and [(DAFO)ZnCl2], were prepared in good yields by the reactions between appropriate metal chloride precursors and 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one under ambient conditions. The structures of these metal complexes were established by spectroscopic (Fourier-transform IR, NMR, and fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry) techniques. The possible biological activity of these compounds on three human cancer cell lines including Hep3B, MDAMB-231, and SKHep-1 was investigated. The results obtained showed that both zinc- and platinum-containing compounds exhibit a similar growth inhibitory effect on these three cancer cell lines when compared with the prototypical cis-platin. In contrast, the corresponding palladium congener is virtually biologically inactive in these trials.
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Cervical ectopic thymus in an infant. Singapore Med J 2006; 47:68-70. [PMID: 16397725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cervical ectopic thymus, a common embryological anomaly detected incidentally at autopsy, is rarely described in clinical patients. About 100 cases have been described in the literature, ten percent of which occurred in neonates. We report a case of solid cervical ectopic thymus in a three-month-old male infant presenting as a neck lump and snoring at sleep. The embryopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic modalities and management options are discussed, together with a review of the literature.
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Fetus-in-fetu in the pelvis: report of a case and literature review. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2005; 34:646-9. [PMID: 16382253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fetus-in-fetu is an extremely rare condition in which a malformed fetus is found in the body of its twin. To our knowledge, fewer than 100 cases have been reported. Wide variations of presentation have been described, although its embryo-pathogenesis and differentiation from a teratoma have not been well established. CLINICAL PICTURE We describe a male neonate with a fetoid-like mass in his pelvis associated with bilateral undescended testes. The mass was detected on prenatal ultrasound scans. The diagnosis of fetus-in-fetu was considered prenatally and confirmed on a computed tomography scan after birth. OUTCOME The mass was successfully excised. Histological examination, accompanied by a review of the literature, confirmed that the mass had features consistent with a fetus-in-fetu. CONCLUSIONS Although an extremely rare clinical entity, fetus-in-fetu can be diagnosed prior to surgery with current imaging modalities. When it arises in the retroperitoneum of a male infant, it can hinder the descent of the testes. Complete excision is curative.
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Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the pattern of presentation of childhood mediastinal masses in our community and to identify factors associated with the development of acute airway compromise. The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 29 consecutive patients with mediastinal masses managed at their institution between January 1995 and December 2001. Demographic data, mass characteristics, clinical presentation, and surgical procedures were recorded. Seven patients (24.1%) were asymptomatic at presentation. Eight (27.6%) were classified as having acute airway compromise at presentation. Respiratory symptoms and signs were the most common mode of presentation (58.6% and 55.2%, respectively). The most common histological diagnosis was neurogenic mass (37.9%), followed by lymphoma (24.1%). Most masses were located in the superior mediastinum (41.1%). Factors associated with the development of acute airway compromise were (1) anterior location of the mediastinal mass (P=0.019), (2) histological diagnosis of lymphoma (P=0.008), (3) symptoms and signs of superior vena cava syndrome (P=0.015 and 0.003, respectively), (4) radiological evidence of vessel compression or displacement (P=0.015), (5) pericardial effusion (P=0.015), and (6) pleural effusion (P=0.033). Clinical presentation of childhood mediastinal masses is often nonspecific or incidental. Yet they have the propensity of developing acute airway compromise, which is closely associated with superior vena cava obstruction. Such patients should be managed as a complex cardiorespiratory syndrome, termed "critical mediastinal mass syndrome", by an experienced multidisciplinary team.
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Antiproliferative activity of the extract of Gleditsia sinensis fruit on human solid tumour cell lines. Chemotherapy 2004; 48:303-8. [PMID: 12673105 DOI: 10.1159/000069713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fruit extract of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. (GSE) is a traditional herbal medicine that is saponin-rich. However, its activity on solid tumour cell lines has never been demonstrated. METHODS The activity of GSE was demonstrated in four cancer cell lines (breast cancer MCF-7, MDA-MB231, hepatoblastoma HepG2 and oesophageal squamous carcinoma cell line SLMT-1) using MTT assay, anchorage-independent clonogenicity assay, DNA laddering and in situ cell death detection. RESULTS The mean MTT(50) (the mean concentration of GSE to reduce MTT activity by 50%) ranged from 16 to 20 microg/ml of GSE. An anchorage-independent clonogenicity assay showed that all of the four solid tumour cell lines gradually lost their regeneration potential after treatment with GSE, DNA fragmentation and TUNEL analysis demonstrated that the action of GSE is both dose- and time course-dependent. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that GSE has a cytotoxic activity and can induce apoptosis in human solid tumour cell lines.
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Childhood acute pancreatitis in a children's hospital. Singapore Med J 2003; 44:453-6. [PMID: 14740774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the cases of acute pancreatitis presented to a children's hospital in Singapore. METHODS Clinical charts of all children, aged under 18 years, who presented to our hospital for the first time with pancreatitis (ICD search criteria = 577.x) between the period of 1998 and mid-2002 were reviewed. Parameters analysed included presenting features, aetiology of the acute pancreatitis, length of hospital stay, complications, treatment and outcome. RESULTS There were 12 cases in the review period, and the attributable causes in these cases were, in descending order, trauma, drug-induced, anatomical anomalies, poisoning and idiopathic. Of interest were two patients whose pancreatitis were results of child abuse. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain (n=11) and vomiting (n=7), though only five patients localised the pain to the epigastrium. Abdominal tenderness could be elicited in all the patients. Eleven had evidence of acute pancreatitis from computerised tomography (CT) whilst the twelfth was diagnosed with ultrasonography. The peak amylase levels amongst these patients were not high, with a median of 512.5 U/L. In the acute stage, only one patient required operative intervention whilst the remainder were managed conservatively. The mean length of hospital stay was 12.41 +/- 4.54 days. The complications encountered included pseudocyst formation, ascites, hypocalcaemia, pleural effusion and coagulopathy. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in children can be difficult. This is often due to ambiguous symptoms, signs and laboratory results. CT and ultrasound are essential investigations in the diagnosis and subsequent follow-up.
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Is reexcision in pediatric nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma necessary after an initial unplanned resection? J Pediatr Surg 2002; 37:1424-9. [PMID: 12378447 DOI: 10.1053/jpsu.2002.35405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the importance of pretreatment reexcision (PRE) of pediatric nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma (NRSTS) after initial unplanned resection. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 116 consecutive patients with surgically resected NRSTS treated at their institution between February 1978 and September 1999. Ninety-four (81.0%) patients had undergone unplanned resections before referral to their institution for further therapy. Demographic data, tumor characteristics, treatment administered, and outcomes were recorded. RESULTS Sixty-nine patients (73.4%) underwent PRE at a median interval after the initial unplanned resection of 29 days. Twenty-five patients were thought unsuitable for PRE because of the proximity to vital neurovascular bundles. Tumors deemed not feasible for PRE were more likely to be greater than 5 cm (P =.0094) and high grade (P =.0200). Tumor was found in 33 (47.8%) of the PRE specimens, and 24 of these patients (72.7%) were deemed disease free after achieving negative surgical margins. Residual tumor was more likely to be found after PRE in head and neck primary tumors than in trunk wall or extremity primary tumors (P =.0128). There were no local failures in the 60 PRE patients who achieved clear margins. The estimated 5-year event-free and 5-year overall survival rates in these 60 patients were 98.3% +/- 2.0% and 98.2% +/- 2.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment reexcision should be performed whenever feasible in pediatric patients with NRSTS who had an initial unplanned resection. The proportion of patients with residual tumor in the PRE specimen is high, and negative microscopic margins can be achieved after PRE in most patients with residual tumor. Despite delay in obtaining a complete surgical resection, no local recurrences were seen. The possibility of NRSTS should be considered when resecting a soft tissue mass in children, and diagnostic incisional biopsy followed by wide local excision with negative microscopic margins should be the surgical goal.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many patients with vitamin B12 deficiency do not have anemia or macrocytosis, but the prevalence of B12 deficiency in patients without macrocytosis is not known. METHODS We investigated the prevalence of B12 deficiency among patients with normocytosis and microcytosis and recommended a screening strategy. All patients (n = 3714) with serum B12 measured at the Prince of Wales Hospital in 1996 were reviewed. The prevalence of serum B12 less than 140 pmol/L was determined for the following patient subgroups: younger than 70 y, older than 70 y, anemic, non-anemic, macrocytic, normocytic, microcytic, documented iron deficiency, and documented thalassemia. RESULTS The prevalence of B12 deficiency (<140 pmol/L) ranged from 4.8% to 9.8% among the different subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Whatever screening criteria were used, a significant number of B12-deficient patients will be missed. Therefore, there may be a case for universal vitamin B12 screening.
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Provision of phenotype-matched blood units: no need for pre-transfusion antibody screening. Haematologica 2001; 86:742-8. [PMID: 11454530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The Hong Kong government is planning to introduce an electronic smart identity card for all seven million citizens in 2003. If the smart card contains the full red cell phenotype/genotype of the individual, it may be possible to transfuse phenotype-matched blood units without pre-transfusion antibody screening. We conducted a feasibility study. DESIGN AND METHODS Red cell phenotype was determined for 407 donor blood units and 493 patients for whom an antibody screen had been ordered. The computer program selected phenotype-matched blood from the donor stock for the patients according to actual transfusion request. For patients with a positive antibody screen, full crossmatching was carried out with the computer-selected phenotype units. The frequencies of the various red cell phenotypes in the population were calculated from Red Cross data of antigen frequencies. The probabilities of finding at least one unit of phenotype-matched blood from a 300-unit hospital stock and a 4,000-unit Red Cross stock were determined for each phenotype. Cost analysis was performed. RESULTS Ninety-two out of 493 patients received a total of 395 blood units. The required number of phenotype-matched blood units could be found for 92 patients using a 300-unit pool and for all patients using a 4,000-unit pool. We calculated that phenotype-matched blood could be provided for more than 98% of patients without antibody screening. The total cost of the project is US$ 98 million with potential savings of US$ 14 million per year. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS It is feasible and cost-effective to transfuse patients with phenotype-matched blood without antibody screening using a smart card system.
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Successful Engraftment in Two Adult Patients with Severe Aplastic Anemia Using Nonmyeloablative Conditioning Followed by Unrelated HLA-Mismatched Cord Blood Transplantation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001; 10:309-11. [PMID: 11359678 DOI: 10.1089/15258160151135060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood as an alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells and nonmyeloablative conditioning are very exciting new developments in transplantation. We report here mixed chimerism in two adult patients with severe aplastic anaemia using nonmyeloablative conditioning and two-antigen mismatched cord blood transplantation resulting in satisfactory clinical response. Our results suggest that such transplant is possible with minimal toxicity.
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Transfusion of peripheral blood stem cells from donor homozygous for a shared HLA-haplotype: avoiding fatal transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease while preserving anti-leukemic effect. Transplantation 2001; 71:487-90. [PMID: 11233917 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200102150-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatal transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease was observed in immunocompetent patients transfused with blood from donors homozygous for a shared haplotype with the recipient (the P-F1 barrier). We tested whether it was possible to carry out successful transplantation in a patient with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia, using peripheral blood stem cells from his HLA-homozygous brother (HLA A2, B46, DRB1 901) who shared a haplotype with the patient (HLA A2, B46,75, DRB1 901,12). METHODS A CD34 positively selected cell fraction (5.46x 10(6) CD34 cells/kg) was infused first, followed by subsequent infusion of graded doses of donor T cells (total 7.25x10(7) T cells/kg). Nonmyeloablative chemotherapy with idarubicin and cytarabine was given during the transplantation to reduce the leukemic burden and facilitate engraftment. Polymerase chain reaction with the VNTR primers, D1S80, was used to detect engraftment. RESULTS Complete remission (>300days) and successful donor engraftment (90%) were achieved. CONCLUSIONS Peripheral blood stem cells transplantation from a donor with a homozygous shared haplotype is possible with a minimal preparative regimen.
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Abstract
A rare case of a healthy infant with colonic ulcers caused by Salmonella typhimurium infection that presented with colonic perforation, hypovolemic, and septicemic shock is discussed. It stresses the importance of considering an infective process such as salmonellosis in the differential diagnosis of colonic ulceration in an infant and illustrates the unique histologic finding of colonic inflammatory changes with sparing of the small intestine.
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Abstract
In this past year, a large number of reports have described cytogenetic and biologic studies of sarcomas. The cytogenetic studies provide further evidence that a growing number of sarcomas seem to be defined by consistent chromosomal abnormalities that can be detected using a variety of molecular genetic tests. However, in addition to these specific abnormalities, many sarcomas have other extremely complex genetic changes. This complexity has made it quite difficult to understand the importance of any single abnormality. Laboratory studies complementing these genetic studies have provided further understanding of sarcoma cellular and molecular biology. Importantly, both types of studies have had significant impact in the clinic in the form of more objective diagnostic tests, potential novel prognostic markers, and even new therapeutic strategies. Together, these papers highlight how genetic studies may offer tremendous insight into sarcoma biology. However, they also highlight some limitations of these approaches as well. Novel experimental approaches may be required to facilitate the continued progress in this field toward the development of better therapeutic strategies.
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Abstract
Fatal haemolytic transfusion reaction due to ABO incompatibility occurs mainly as a result of clerical error. A blood sample drawn from the wrong patient and labelled as another patient's will not be detected by the blood bank unless there is a previous ABO grouping result. We report here the detection of such clerical error by the use of a specially designed transfusion wristband. The wristband has the following special features: (i) once attached, it cannot be removed except by cutting; (ii) it has a pocket containing a transfusion label; (iii) a unique transfusion barcode is printed on each transfusion label and the corresponding wristband simultaneously by computer technology; (iv) a transfusion label removed from the wristband after attachment to the patient has a characteristic tear-mark distinguishing it from one removed prior to attachment. The blood bank only accepted those specimens bearing the tear-marked transfusion labels. All blood units for this patient were labelled with this unique transfusion code together with the patient's details. The nurses counter-checked the transfusion code on the blood units against the transfusion code on the patient's transfusion wristband prior to transfusion. If the blood sample for compatibility testing was drawn from the 'wrong' patient, the intended patient either did not carry a wristband or the transfusion codes did not match at all. Pretransfusion compatibility tests were performed on 2189 patient samples using this procedure. It was well accepted by both ward and blood bank staff. Two potential mismatched transfusions were avoided. These two clerical errors would not have been detected because neither patient had previous ABO grouping results.
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Laparoscopy in the evaluation of the non-palpable undescended testes. Singapore Med J 2000; 41:206-8. [PMID: 11063168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY To examine the role of laparoscopy in the evaluation of the non-palpable undescended testes in paediatric patients. METHOD A review of all laparoscopies performed for the evaluation of the non-palpable undescended testes in a children's hospital over a 12-month period was conducted. Special attention was paid to the patients' age, the location of the testes at the time of laparoscopy, the subsequent surgical procedures and the complications. RESULTS Sixteen boys underwent laparoscopy to localise 20 nonpalpable testes. 12 patients had unilateral disease while 4 had bilateral disease. 15 non-palpable testes were intraabdominal, 3 had inguinal testicular remnants and 2 had 'vanished'. A contralateral inguinal hernia was incidentally found in one patient. A patient with epididymal-gonadal non-union was not apparent at laparoscopy. There were no post-laparoscopic complications in all 16 patients. CONCLUSION Laparoscopy is safe and accurate in the evaluation of non-palpable testes in children. The accurate localisation of intraabdominal testes facilitates the development of an optimal surgical strategy.
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Yuehchukene, a bis-indole alkaloid, and cyclophosphamide are active in breast cancer in vitro. Chemotherapy 2000; 46:62-8. [PMID: 10601799 DOI: 10.1159/000007257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Yuehchukene (YCK) is a novel bis-indole alkaloid with weak estrogenic activity. Biochemical studies showed that YCK could attenuate estrogenic action. In this study, the response of MCF-7, an estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer cell line, under different combinations of estradiol, cyclophosphamide and YCK, was tested. From the dose-response curve, we discovered that 10(-2) M cyclophosphamide, even in its so-called 'bio-inert' form, could inhibit MCF-7 cell growth. However, the cytotoxic effect of cyclophosphamide was lost by reducing its concentration to approximately 1 x 10(-3) M. On the other hand, a low concentration ( approximately 10(-8)-10(-9) M) of YCK was found to potentiate the cytotoxic effect of cyclophosphamide on the MCF-7 cell line. Such an effect was absent in the estrogen-receptor-negative cell line MDA-MB-231. These findings, together with the dual role of a mixed estrogen and anti-estrogen effect, suggested that YCK and cyclophosphamide can be a potential combination in chemo-hormonal therapy for breast cancer.
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Lack of structural rearrangement in c-kit and stem cell factor genes in Hong Kong Chinese patients with myelodysplastic syndromes or acute myeloid leukaemia. Hong Kong Med J 1998; 4:27-30. [PMID: 11832549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell factor is a haemopoietic growth factor that interacts with the c-kit-encoded transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor during signal transduction in haemopoietic progenitor stem cells. We have screened 127 Chinese patients with myelodysplastic syndromes or acute myeloid leukaemia for structural rearrangements in the stem cell factor and c-kit genes using Southern blot analysis. No structural rearrangements were detected in any of the bone marrow samples that were tested. It seems that structural rearrangements in the stem cell factor and c-kit genes are rare in Hong Kong patients who have a haematological malignancy.
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