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Water column distribution of zooplanktonic size classes derived from in-situ plankton profilers: Potential use to contextualize contaminant loads in plankton. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115573. [PMID: 37778243 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Pollution is one of the main anthropogenic threats to marine ecosystems. Studies analysing the accumulation and transfer of contaminants in planktonic food webs tend to rely on samples collected in discrete water bodies. Here, we assessed the representativeness of measurements at the chlorophyll-a maximum layer during the MERITE-HIPPOCAMPE cruise for the entire water column by investigating the vertical distribution of particles and plankton obtained by in-situ optical profilers at nine stations across the Mediterranean Sea. We identified specific conditions where the interpretation of results from contaminant analyses can be improved by detailing plankton size structure and vertical distributions. First, the presence of higher than usual plankton concentrations can result in sampling issues that will affect biomass estimation within each size class and therefore bias our understanding of the contaminant dynamics. Secondly, the presence of an unsampled water layer with high zooplankton biomass might imply non-resolved contaminant pathways along the trophic structure. This study lays the basis for optimizing sampling strategy in contaminant studies.
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Various tomato cultivars display contrasting morphological and molecular responses to a chronic heat stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1278608. [PMID: 37965003 PMCID: PMC10642206 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1278608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is one of the biggest threats that human society currently needs to face. Heat waves associated with global warming negatively affect plant growth and development and will increase in intensity and frequency in the coming years. Tomato is one of the most produced and consumed fruit in the world but remarkable yield losses occur every year due to the sensitivity of many cultivars to heat stress (HS). New insights into how tomato plants are responding to HS will contribute to the development of cultivars with high yields under harsh temperature conditions. In this study, the analysis of microsporogenesis and pollen germination rate of eleven tomato cultivars after exposure to a chronic HS revealed differences between genotypes. Pollen development was either delayed and/or desynchronized by HS depending on the cultivar considered. In addition, except for two, pollen germination was abolished by HS in all cultivars. The transcriptome of floral buds at two developmental stages (tetrad and pollen floral buds) of five cultivars revealed common and specific molecular responses implemented by tomato cultivars to cope with chronic HS. These data provide valuable insights into the diversity of the genetic response of floral buds from different cultivars to HS and may contribute to the development of future climate resilient tomato varieties.
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Intra Fraction Organs at Risk Movements in Adaptive Radiotherapy of Upper-Abdominal Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy on 0.35 T MR-Linac. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e644-e645. [PMID: 37785918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The recent development of magnetic resonance guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) has made possible adaptive radiotherapy (ART) especially for abdominal stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Online ART process allows to adapt the treatment at each fraction by considering the mobility of the organs at risk (OAR) and the target. These volumes are daily delineated and a new treatment plan is reoptimized. This process is multidisciplinary involving therapists, physicians and physicists. Time is a key element because of the presence of the patient on the treatment couch. In spite of having a well-trained team, the fraction duration is quite long, usually equal or higher than 45 min. Consequently, the elapsed time between the acquisition of the MR images used for the ART process and the end of the treatment delivery can be substantial. In this context, we decided to investigate the intra fraction OAR mobility by analyzing and comparing two images of the MR-Linac: one acquired at the beginning of the fraction and used for the ART process and another one immediately acquired at the end of the treatment delivery. The objectives of this study are to investigate the OAR mobility during the fraction and evaluate the possible impact on the dose distribution. MATERIALS/METHODS Twenty patients treated in 5 fractions for upper-abdominal SBRT (liver, adrenal, pancreas, adenopathy) on the 0.35 T MR-Linac of our institution have been prospectively included in this study between May 2021 and August 2021. For each fraction an additional 3D MR image has been acquired immediately at the end of the treatment delivery. The OARs (colon, small bowel and duodenum) included in the ART process have been delineated on the post-fraction images. After having registered both images of each fraction, OAR volumes and their dose distributions have been compared. RESULTS A high level of mobility of several OARs has been observed. For instance, a relative mean volume variation (increase or diminution) of 85%, 60% and 24% have been calculated, respectively, for the small bowel, the colon and duodenum. These level of volume variations strongly impacted the OAR dose distributions. For instance, the variation (increase or diminution) of maximum dose for colon, small bowel and duodenum was, respectively, about 4.3 Gy, 3.4 Gy and 2.8 Gy. These modifications led to exceed dose constraints in 2 fractions for colon, 4 fractions for small bowel and 3 fractions for duodenum. Nevertheless, by accumulating all the fractions, the dose constraints were always satisfied. CONCLUSION OARs volume modifications during ART process can be significant and lead to important dose variations. At the scale of the treatment, these dose variations respect the dose constraints. In the near future, the correlation of these volumetric variations with the duration of the fraction will be investigated.
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Suivi jusqu’à quatre ans des nouveau-nés vulnérables - Registre Grandir en Centre-Val de Loire. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2023.101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
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Transarterial Embolization for Active Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Predictors of Early Mortality and Early Rebleeding. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111856. [PMID: 36579589 PMCID: PMC9694438 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to determine predictive factors of early mortality and early rebleeding (≤30 days) following transarterial embolization (TAE) for treatment of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods: All consecutive patients admitted for acute gastrointestinal bleeding to the interventional radiology department in a tertiary center between January 2012 and January 2022 were included. Exclusion criteria were patients: (1) aged < 18-year-old, (2) referred to the operation room without TAE, (3) treated for hemobilia, (4) with mesenteric hematoma, (5) lost to follow-up within 30 days after the procedure. We evaluated pre and per-procedure clinical data, biological data, outcomes, and complications. Results: Sixty-eight patients were included: 55 (80.9%) experienced upper gastrointestinal bleeding and 13 (19.1%) lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Median age was 69 (61−74) years. There were 49 (72%) males. Median hemoglobin was 7.25 (6.1−8.3) g/dL. There were 30 (50%) ulcers. Coils were used in 46 (67.6%) procedures. Early mortality was 15 (22.1%) and early rebleeding was 17 (25%). In multivariate analysis, hyperlactatemia (≥2 mmol/L) were predictive of early mortality (≤30 days). A high number of red blood cells units was associated with early rebleeding. Conclusion: This study identified some predictive factors of 30-day mortality and early rebleeding following TAE. This will assist in patient selection and may help improve the management of gastrointestinal bleeding.
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Feature tracking cardiovascular magnetic resonance reveals recovery of atrial function after acute myocarditis. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 38:2003-2012. [PMID: 37726601 PMCID: PMC10509057 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-022-02576-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Follow-up after acute myocarditis is important to detect persisting myocardial dysfunction. However, recovery of atrial function has not been evaluated after acute myocarditis so far. Thirty-five patients with strictly defined acute myocarditis underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR, 1.5 T) in the acute stage at baseline (BL) and at 3 months follow-up (FU). The study population included 13 patients with biopsy-proven "cardiomyopathy-like" myocarditis (CLM) and 22 patients with "infarct-like" (ILM) clinical presentation. CMR feature tracking (FT) was performed on conventional cine SSFP sequences. Median LA-GLS increased from 33.2 (14.5; 39.2) at BL to 37.0% (25.2; 44.1, P = 0.0018) at FU in the entire study population. Median LA-GLS also increased from 36.7 (26.5; 42.3) at BL to 41.3% (34.5; 44.8, P = 0.0262) at FU in the ILM subgroup and from 11.3 (6.4; 21.1) at BL to 21.4% (14.2; 30.7, P = 0.0186) at FU in the CLM subgroup. Median RA-GLS significantly increased from BL with 30.8 (22.5; 37.0) to FU with 33.7% (26.8; 45.4, P = 0.0027) in the entire study population. Median RA-GLS also significantly increased from 32.7 (25.8; 41.0) at BL to 35.8% (27.7; 48.0, P = 0.0495) at FU in the ILM subgroup and from 22.8 (13.1; 33.9) at BL to 31.0% (26.0; 40.8, P = 0.0266) at FU in the CLM subgroup. Our findings demonstrate recovery of LA and RA function by CMR-FT strain analyses in patients after acute myocarditis independent from clinical presentation. Monitoring of atrial strain could be an important tool for an individual assessment of healing after acute myocarditis.
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Plasma apolipoprotein concentrations and new-onset diabetes in subjects with prediabetes. Atherosclerosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Plasma concentrations of apolipoproteins and incident cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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PO-1267 Pulmonary toxicities after chemoradiation followed by durvalumab for stage III NSCLC: a real setting. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)03231-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Validité des tests neuro-développementaux chez les nouveau-nés vulnérables: cohorte Grandir. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Safety and efficacy of emergency transarterial embolization for mesenteric bleeding. CVIR Endovasc 2022; 5:5. [PMID: 34997883 PMCID: PMC8742795 DOI: 10.1186/s42155-021-00281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with spontaneous or traumatic active mesenteric bleeding cannot be treated endoscopically. Transarterial embolization can serve as a potential alternative to emergency surgery. Literature on transarterial embolization for mesenteric bleeding remains very scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transarterial embolization for mesenteric bleeding. We reviewed all consecutive patients admitted for mesenteric bleeding to the interventional radiology department, in a tertiary center, between January 2010 and March 2021. Mesenteric bleeding was defined as mesenteric hematoma and contrast extravasation and/or pseudoaneurysm visible on pre-operative CT scan. We evaluated technical success, clinical success, and complications. Results Among the 17 patients admitted to the interventional department for mesenteric bleeding, 15 presented with active mesenteric bleeding requiring transarterial embolization with five patients with hemodynamic instability. Mean age was 67 ± 14 years, including 12 (70.6%) males. Technical success was achieved in 14/15 (93.3%) patients. One patient with technical failure was treated by percutaneous embolization with NBCA-Lipiodol mixture. Three patients (20%) had early rebleeding: two were treated by successful repeat embolization and one by surgery. One patient (6.7%) had early death within 30 days and two patients (13.3%) had late death after 30 days. Mean length of hospitalization was 12.8 ± 7 days. There were no transarterial embolization-related ischemic complications. Conclusion Transarterial embolization is a safe and effective technique for treating mesenteric bleeding even in patients with hemodynamic instability. Transarterial embolization doesn’t close the door to surgery and could be proposed as first intention in case of mesenteric bleeding.
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How to Treat Double Synchronous Abdominal Metastases With Stereotactic MR-Guided Adaptive Radiation Therapy (SMART)? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ezrin Is a Novel Protein Partner of Aquaporin-5 in Human Salivary Glands and Shows Altered Expression and Cellular Localization in Sjögren's Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179213. [PMID: 34502121 PMCID: PMC8431299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is an exocrinopathy characterized by the hypofunction of salivary glands (SGs). Aquaporin-5 (AQP5); a water channel involved in saliva formation; is aberrantly distributed in SS SG acini and contributes to glandular dysfunction. We aimed to investigate the role of ezrin in AQP5 mislocalization in SS SGs. The AQP5–ezrin interaction was assessed by immunoprecipitation and proteome analysis and by proximity ligation assay in immortalized human SG cells. We demonstrated, for the first time, an interaction between ezrin and AQP5. A model of the complex was derived by computer modeling and in silico docking; suggesting that AQP5 interacts with the ezrin FERM-domain via its C-terminus. The interaction was also investigated in human minor salivary gland (hMSG) acini from SS patients (SICCA-SS); showing that AQP5–ezrin complexes were absent or mislocalized to the basolateral side of SG acini rather than the apical region compared to controls (SICCA-NS). Furthermore, in SICCA-SS hMSG acinar cells, ezrin immunoreactivity was decreased at the acinar apical region and higher at basal or lateral regions, accounting for altered AQP5–ezrin co-localization. Our data reveal that AQP5–ezrin interactions in human SGs could be involved in the regulation of AQP5 trafficking and may contribute to AQP5-altered localization in SS patients
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[Extreme hypofractionated radiation therapy for pancreatic cancer]. Cancer Radiother 2021; 25:692-698. [PMID: 34284971 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2021.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has poor prognosis and a continuously growing incidence. By 2030, it should become the second cause of death by cancer worldwide and in France. The only curative treatment is surgery that is achievable in only 20% of patients at the time of initial diagnosis, with a high rate of incomplete resection. Neoadjuvant treatments using chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy are more often admitted to play an important role by selecting non-progressing cases who will benefit from surgery, by increasing the number of complete resection, and by making locally advanced and borderline tumours accessible to resection. However, the role of radiotherapy is still debated. Because of its dosimetric advantages, its short total duration, and its good tolerance with reduced volumes of irradiation, stereotactic radiotherapy has been largely studied. Compared to chemoradiotherapy, this technique could improve the therapeutic index helping to preserve the general status of patients in order to give them access to secondary surgery. It remains a promising technique still under evaluation, to be delivered ideally, as part of a clinical trial, or within an experimented team.
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POS0366 PRO-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF HUMAN APATITE CRYSTALS EXTRACTED FROM PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM CALCIFIC TENDINOPATHY. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Calcific tendonitis of the rotator cuff is due to carbonated apatite deposits in the shoulder tendons. During the evolution of the disease, an acute inflammatory episode may occur leading to the disappearance of the calcification. Although hydroxyapatite crystals-induced inflammation has been previously studied with synthetic crystals, no data are available with calcifications extracted from patients suffering from calcific tendinopathy. The objective of the study was to explore the inflammatory properties of human calcifications and the pathways involved.Objectives:The objective of the study was to explore the inflammatory properties of human calcifications and the pathways involved.Methods:Human calcifications were obtained from patients treated for their shoulder pain related to a calcific tendinopathy of the rotator cuff. Calcifications were extracted by ultrasound-guided lavage and aspiration as previously described [1]. Human calcifications and synthetic hydroxyapatite (sHA) were used in vitro to stimulate human monocytes and macrophages, the human myeloid cell line THP-1 and human tenocytes. The release of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 by cells was quantified by ELISA. Gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was evaluated by quantitative PCR. NF-kB activation and NLRP3 involvement was assessed in THP-1 cells using a NF-kB inhibitor and a Caspase 1 inhibitor. The inflammatory properties were then assessed in vivo using a mouse air pouch model. The membrane thickness and infiltrate were assessed 6 and 24 hours after the injection of human calcifications or synthetic hydroxyapatite using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes infiltrates were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Total RNA was extracted from the membranes and expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFβ was quantified by PCR.Results:Human calcifications were able to induce a significant release of IL-1β when incubated with monocytes, macrophages and THP-1 only if they were first primed with LPS (lipopolysaccharide) for monocytes and macrophages or PMA (Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) for THP-1. No IL-1β was detected in tenocytes’ supernatants. Stimulation of THP-1 by human calcifications led to similar levels of IL-1β when compared to synthetic hydroxyapatite although these levels were significantly inferior in monocytes and macrophages. IL-6 and IL-8 levels were not increased in the supernatants after crystal stimulation. Patient’s crystals enhanced mRNA expression of pro-IL-1β, as well as IL-18, NF-kB and TGFβ when IL-6 and TNFα expression were not. IL-1β production was reduced by the inhibition NF-kB as well as Caspase 1 indicating the role of NLRP3 inflammasome. In vivo, injection of human calcifications or synthetic hydroxyapatite in air pouch led to significant increase in membrane thickness with an infiltrate mainly composed of macrophages. Significant overexpression of IL-1β was only observed in the synthetic hydroxyapatite group.Conclusion:As synthetic hydroxyapatite, human calcifications were able to induce an inflammatory response resulting in the production of IL-1β after NF-kB activation and through NLRP3 inflammasome. In some experiments, IL-1β induction was lower with human calcifications compared to synthetic apatite. Differences in size, shape and protein content may explain this observation.References:[1]Darrieutort-Laffite C, Arnolfo P, Garraud T, Adrait A, Couté Y, Louarn G, et al. Rotator Cuff Tenocytes Differentiate into Hypertrophic Chondrocyte-Like Cells to Produce Calcium Deposits in an Alkaline Phosphatase-Dependent Manner. J Clin Med. 2019 Sep 26;8(10):1544. doi: 10.3390/jcm8101544.Acknowledgements:Fondation Arthritis, Recherche et Rhumatismes and French Society for Rheumatology for their financial supportDisclosure of Interests:None declared
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A Low Total Psoas Muscle Area Index Is a Strong Prognostic Factor in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer. Pancreas 2021; 50:579-586. [PMID: 33939672 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The total psoas area index (TPI) is an emerging alternative to the total skeletal muscle area index as a prognostic factor but has never been evaluated in metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPC). METHODS Areas were manually recorded, as previously described. Sex-specific cutoffs were identified by optimum stratification of TPI using log-rank χ2 statistic associated with mortality to define sarcopenic psoas. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were the primary objectives. Two period groups were used as internal validation. RESULTS During the period study, 79 patients were treated for mPC. The TPI was correlated with PFS (hazards ratio, 0.81; P = 0.02) and OS (hazards ratio, 0.7; P < 0.001). Optimum thresholds defining sarcopenic psoas were less than 5.73 cm2/m2 in men and less than 4.37 cm2/m2 in women. Patients with sarcopenic psoas (62.0%) had shorter median PFS (2.9 months) compared with the others (6.6 months, adjusted P log-rank = 0.01), independently to the intensity of chemotherapy, weight loss, and performance status greater than 1. Similarly, OS was independently shorter in patients with sarcopenic psoas (7.6 months) versus the others (22.2 months, adjusted P < 0.001). These results were confirmed in the 2 period groups. CONCLUSIONS A low TPI is a stronger independent prognostic factor in mPC.
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Modeling Nonstationary Extreme Dependence With Stationary Max-Stable Processes and Multidimensional Scaling. J Comput Graph Stat 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10618600.2020.1844213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Effects of 2 years endurance training targeted at the level of maximal lipid oxidation on body composition. Sci Sports 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mise en place des traitements stéréotaxiques adaptatifs sur accélérateur linéaire couplé à l’IRM au sein d’un département de radiothérapie. Cancer Radiother 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Anatomical specializations of the gizzard in soil-feeding termites (Termitidae, Apicotermitinae): Taxonomical and functional implications. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2020; 57:100942. [PMID: 32315937 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2020.100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The anatomy of the workers' digestive tube is essential in taxonomical studies of soil-feeding Apicotermitinae termites, especially in soldierless lineages. Two structures, the mesenteric-proctodeal junction and the enteric valve, have long been important to distinguish genera and species. By contrast, the gizzard (proventriculus) has been almost ignored by taxonomists because of its generally regressed state in soil-feeding termites. In this study, we document in detail for the first time the sclerotized structures and ornamentations in the gizzard in the Apicotermitinae subfamily. We identified two main clusters of species: those without ornamentations and those exhibiting a sclerotized pulvillar armature, which may include spicules or spines of diverse sizes, numbers and dispositions. The latter group comprises the majority of African soldierless species, a widely diverse and dominant group in tropical forests and savannas. We outline the potential role of the anatomy of the gizzard in the taxonomy of Apicotermitinae based on the interspecific anatomical variation of the pulvillar armatures. We suggest that sclerotized ornamentations regulate the flow of food particles and break or lacerate aggregates to facilitate the access of enzymes in the midgut.
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Registre Grandir en Centre-Val-de-Loire - Prise en charge et suivi des enfants prématurés. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2020.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Molecular identification of fungi microfossils in a Neoproterozoic shale rock. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax7599. [PMID: 32010783 PMCID: PMC6976295 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax7599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Precambrian fossils of fungi are sparse, and the knowledge of their early evolution and the role they played in the colonization of land surface are limited. Here, we report the discovery of fungi fossils in a 810 to 715 million year old dolomitic shale from the Mbuji-Mayi Supergroup, Democratic Republic of Congo. Syngenetically preserved in a transitional, subaerially exposed paleoenvironment, these carbonaceous filaments of ~5 μm in width exhibit low-frequency septation (pseudosepta) and high-angle branching that can form dense interconnected mycelium-like structures. Using an array of microscopic (SEM, TEM, and confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy) and spectroscopic techniques (Raman, FTIR, and XANES), we demonstrated the presence of vestigial chitin in these fossil filaments and document the eukaryotic nature of their precursor. Based on those combined evidences, these fossil filaments and mycelium-like structures are identified as remnants of fungal networks and represent the oldest, molecularly identified remains of Fungi.
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Phosphoinositide 5-phosphatases SKIP and SHIP2 in ruffles, the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus: An update. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 75:100660. [PMID: 31628071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) are phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol. They act as signaling molecules linked to essential cellular mechanisms in eukaryotic cells, such as cytoskeleton organization, mitosis, polarity, migration or invasion. PIs are phosphorylated and dephosphorylated by a large number of PI kinases and PI phosphatases acting at the 5-, 4- and 3- position of the inositol ring. PI 5-phosphatases i.e. OCRL, INPP5B, SHIP1/2, Synaptojanin 1/2, INPP5E, INPP5J, SKIP (INPP5K) are enzymes that dephosphorylate the 5-phosphate position of PIs. Several human genetic diseases such as the Lowe syndrome, some congenital muscular dystrophy and opsismodysplasia are due to mutations in PI phosphatases, resulting in loss-of-function. The PI phosphatases are also up or down regulated in several human cancers such as glioblastoma or breast cancer. Their cellular localization, that is dynamic and varies in response to stimuli, is an important issue to understand function. This is the case for two members of the PI 5-phosphatase SKIP and SHIP2. Both enzymes are in ruffles, plasma membranes, the endoplasmic reticulum, a situation that is unique for SKIP, and the nucleus. Following localization, PI 5-phosphatases act on specific cellular pools of PIs, which in turn interact with target proteins. Nuclear PIs have emerged as regulators of genome functions in different area of cell signaling. They often localize to nuclear speckles, as do several PI metabolizing kinases and phosphatases. We asked whether SKIP and SHIP2 could have an impact on nuclear PI(4,5)P2. In two glioblastoma cell models, lowering SKIP expression had an impact on nuclear PI(4,5)P2. In a model of SHIP2 deletion in MCF-7 cells, no change in nuclear PI(4,5)P2 was observed. Finally, we present evidence of an anti-tumoral role of SKIP in vivo, in xenografts using as model U87shSKIP cells.
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Extensive profiling in Arabidopsis reveals abundant polysome-associated 24-nt small RNAs including AGO5-dependent pseudogene-derived siRNAs. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 25:1098-1117. [PMID: 31138671 PMCID: PMC6800511 DOI: 10.1261/rna.069294.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In a reductionist perspective, plant silencing small (s)RNAs are often classified as mediating nuclear transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) or cytosolic posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Among the PTGS diagnostics is the association of AGOs and their sRNA cargos with the translation apparatus. In Arabidopsis, this is observed for AGO1 loaded with micro(mi)RNAs and, accordingly, translational-repression (TR) is one layer of plant miRNA action. Using AGO1:miRNA-mediated TR as a paradigm, we explored, with two unrelated polysome-isolation methods, which, among the ten Arabidopsis AGOs and numerous sRNA classes, interact with translation. We found that representatives of all three AGO-clades associate with polysomes, including the TGS-effector AGO4 and stereotypical 24-nt sRNAs that normally mediate TGS of transposons/repeats. Strikingly, approximately half of these annotated 24-nt siRNAs displayed unique matches in coding regions/introns of genes, and in pseudogenes, but not in transposons/repeats commonly found in their vicinity. Protein-coding gene-derived 24-nt sRNAs correlate with gene-body methylation. Those derived from pseudogenes belong to two main clusters defined by their parental-gene expression patterns, and are vastly enriched in AGO5, itself found on polysomes. Based on their tight expression pattern in developing and mature siliques, their biogenesis, and genomic/epigenomic features of their loci-of-origin, we discuss potential roles for these hitherto unknown polysome-enriched, pseudogene-derived siRNAs.
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PT06.3: Purified Egg Protein Supplementation has Beneficial Effects on Body Composition, Metabolism and Eating Behavior and Results in a More Sustained Weight Loss than Low Fat Diet. Clin Nutr 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(19)32573-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Distinct Vulnerability and Resilience of Human Neuroprogenitor Subtypes in Cerebral Organoid Model of Prenatal Hypoxic Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:336. [PMID: 31417360 PMCID: PMC6682705 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal hypoxic injury (HI) is a leading cause of neurological disability. The immediate and long-term effects of hypoxia on progenitor homeostasis and developmental progression during early human brain development remain unclear. This gap is due to difficulty to access human fetal brain tissues and inadequate animal models to study human corticogenesis. Recent optimizations of cerebral organoid models derived from human embryonic stem (ES) cells present new opportunities to investigate pathophysiology of prenatal HI. Here, we implemented a transient HI model using human cerebral organoids with dorsal forebrain specification. We demonstrated that transient hypoxia resulted in immediate and prolonged apoptosis in cerebral organoids, with outer radial glia (oRG), a progenitor population more prominent in primates, and differentiating neuroblasts/immature neurons suffering larger losses. In contrast, neural stem cells in ventricular zone displayed relative resilience to HI and exhibited a shift of cleavage plane angle favoring symmetric division, thereby providing a mechanism to replenish the stem cell pool. Furthermore, we defined the vulnerable window and neurodifferentiation stages that are particularly sensitive to HI. Understanding cell type-specific and stage-dependent effects of prenatal HI on survival and mitotic behavior of human neuroprogenitor subtypes during early human corticogenesis helps elucidate the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, and provides a therapeutic starting point to protect the vulnerable populations at critical timeframes.
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Benefits of a program associating exercise therapy and therapeutic education on fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2018.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Induced ovule-to-flower switch by interfering with SlIMA activity in tomato. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1473687. [PMID: 29944450 PMCID: PMC6110368 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1473687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The INHIBITOR OF MERISTEM ACTIVITY in tomato (SlIMA) and MINI ZINC FINGER 2 in Arabidopsis (AtMIF2), two members of the MINI ZINC FINGER family (MIF), are involved in the regulation of flower and ovule development. MIF proteins possess a unique non-canonical zinc-finger domain that confers the capacity to interact with other protein partners. The characterization of SlIMA and AtMIF2 gain- and loss-of-function transgenic lines in Solanum lycopersicum and Arabidopsis thaliana respectively, allowed the demonstration of their conserved functional role in the termination of floral stem cell maintenance. During early floral development, the expression of SlIMA and AtMIF2 is induced by the MADS-Box transcription factor AGAMOUS (AG). Then, SlIMA or AtMIF2 protein recruits the C2H2 zinc finger KNUCKLES (KNU), in a transcriptional repressor complex together with TOPLESS (TPL) and HISTONE DEACETYLASE19 (HDA19). This complex binds to the WUSCHEL (WUS) locus leading to its repression. To further characterize the role of these interactions in flower development, we have investigated the effects of a dominant negative form of SlIMA, SlIMAch that leads to spectacular phenotypes, including ovule conversion into a floral meristem.
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A targeted 3D EM and correlative microscopy method using SEM array tomography. Development 2018; 145:dev.160879. [PMID: 29802150 DOI: 10.1242/dev.160879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Using electron microscopy to localize rare cellular events or structures in complex tissue is challenging. Correlative light and electron microscopy procedures have been developed to link fluorescent protein expression with ultrastructural resolution. Here, we present an optimized scanning electron microscopy (SEM) workflow for volumetric array tomography for asymmetric samples and model organisms (Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Danio rerio). We modified a diamond knife to simplify serial section array acquisition with minimal artifacts. After array acquisition, the arrays were transferred to a glass coverslip or silicon wafer support. Using light microscopy, the arrays were screened rapidly for initial recognition of global anatomical features (organs or body traits). Then, using SEM, an in-depth study of the cells and/or organs of interest was performed. Our manual and automatic data acquisition strategies make 3D data acquisition and correlation simpler and more precise than alternative methods. This method can be used to address questions in cell and developmental biology that require the efficient identification of a labeled cell or organelle.
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Salvage brachytherapy as a modern reirradiation technique for local cancer failure: The Phoenix is reborn from its ashes. Cancer Radiother 2018; 22:372-381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Shoulder patient-specific guide: First experience in 10 patients indicates room for improvement. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2018; 104:45-51. [PMID: 29246481 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implantation of the glenoid component of a total shoulder prosthesis can be facilitated by using a patient-specific guide (PSG) designed to ensure replication of the preoperatively planned position. The objective of this study was to assess the reliability and accuracy of a PSG in replicating the planned glenoid component position during total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). HYPOTHESIS Additional criteria should be used for 3D preoperative planning and PSG design to further improve the accuracy of glenoid component positioning. MATERIAL AND METHODS We studied 10 patients who underwent TSA with use of a PSG to position the glenoid component after preoperative 3D planning. Postoperative glenoid version and tilt were measured and compared to the planned values. We also used new criteria to assess implant rotation and global 3D position, as well as accuracy of the 3D pilot hole for the glenoid guide-pin. RESULTS Mean errors in glenoid position were -1.7°±4.4° for version, -0.4°±4.9° for tilt, and 6.0°±13.5° for rotation. Mean difference in global orientation of the glenoid implant versus the planned value was 4.9°±2.5°. Mean 3D discrepancy in glenoid pilot hole position was 2.9±0.5mm; the discrepancy was greater in the mediolateral direction (1.9±0.9mm) than in the supero-inferior (1.1±1.2mm) and antero-posterior (0.8±1.2mm) directions. DISCUSSION The poor performance of the PSG in controlling rotation and reaming may explain the difference in global glenoid position compared to the planned value. Improvements in PSG design to incorporate these two parameters deserve consideration. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II, prospective cohort study.
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Inhibition of SHIP2 activity inhibits cell migration and could prevent metastasis in breast cancer cells. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.216408. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.216408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis of breast cancer cells to distant organs is responsible for approximately 50 % in cancer related deaths in women worldwide. SHIP2 is a phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase for PI(3,4,5)P3 and PI(4,5)P2. Through depletion of SHIP2 in triple negative MDA-MB-231 cells and the use of SHIP2 inhibitors, it appeared that cell migration is positively controlled by SHIP2. The effect of SHIP2 on migration, observed in MDA-MB-231 cells, appears to be mediated by PI(3,4)P2. Adhesion on fibronectin is always increased in SHIP2 depleted cells. Apoptosis measured in MDA-MB-231 cells is also increased in SHIP2 depleted cells as compared to control cells. In xenograft mice, SHIP2 depleted MDA-MB-231 cells form significantly smaller tumors compared to control cells and less metastasis detected in lung sections. Our data reveal a general role of SHIP2 in the control of cell migration in breast cancer cells and a second messenger role for PI(3,4)P2 in the migration mechanism. In this model, SHIP2 function on apoptosis on cells incubated in vitro, or in mice tumor digested cells, could account for its role on tumor growth determined in vivo.
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The role of small adaptor proteins in the control of oncogenic signalingr driven by tyrosine kinases in human cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11033-55. [PMID: 26788993 PMCID: PMC4905456 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation on tyrosine (Tyr) residues has evolved as an important mechanism to coordinate cell communication in multicellular organisms. The importance of this process has been revealed by the discovery of the prominent oncogenic properties of tyrosine kinases (TK) upon deregulation of their physiological activities, often due to protein overexpression and/or somatic mutation. Recent reports suggest that TK oncogenic signaling is also under the control of small adaptor proteins. These cytosolic proteins lack intrinsic catalytic activity and signal by linking two functional members of a catalytic pathway. While most adaptors display positive regulatory functions, a small group of this family exerts negative regulatory functions by targeting several components of the TK signaling cascade. Here, we review how these less studied adaptor proteins negatively control TK activities and how their loss of function induces abnormal TK signaling, promoting tumor formation. We also discuss the therapeutic consequences of this novel regulatory mechanism in human oncology.
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A genome-wide transcriptome and translatome analysis of Arabidopsis transposons identifies a unique and conserved genome expression strategy for Ty1/Copia retroelements. Genome Res 2017; 27:1549-1562. [PMID: 28784835 PMCID: PMC5580714 DOI: 10.1101/gr.220723.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Retroelements, the prevalent class of plant transposons, have major impacts on host genome integrity and evolution. They produce multiple proteins from highly compact genomes and, similar to viruses, must have evolved original strategies to optimize gene expression, although this aspect has been seldom investigated thus far. Here, we have established a high-resolution transcriptome/translatome map for the near-entirety of Arabidopsis thaliana transposons, using two distinct DNA methylation mutants in which transposon expression is broadly de-repressed. The value of this map to study potentially intact and transcriptionally active transposons in A. thaliana is illustrated by our comprehensive analysis of the cotranscriptional and translational features of Ty1/Copia elements, a family of young and active retroelements in plant genomes, and how such features impact their biology. Genome-wide transcript profiling revealed a unique and widely conserved alternative splicing event coupled to premature termination that allows for the synthesis of a short subgenomic RNA solely dedicated to production of the GAG structural protein and that preferentially associates with polysomes for efficient translation. Mutations engineered in a transgenic version of the Arabidopsis EVD Ty1/Copia element further show how alternative splicing is crucial for the appropriate coordination of full-length and subgenomic RNA transcription. We propose that this hitherto undescribed genome expression strategy, conserved among plant Ty1/Copia elements, enables an excess of structural versus catalytic components, mandatory for mobilization.
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Pig as a biomedical model: Putting the porcine lung dendritic cells/macrophages network into light. Rev Mal Respir 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2016.10.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Site-Directed Chemical Probing to map transient RNA/protein interactions. Methods 2016; 117:48-58. [PMID: 28027957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-protein interactions are at the bases of many biological processes, forming either tight and stable functional ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes (i.e. the ribosome) or transitory ones, such as the complexes involving RNA chaperone proteins. To localize the sites where a protein interacts on an RNA molecule, a common simple and inexpensive biochemical method is the footprinting technique. The protein leaves its footprint on the RNA acting as a shield to protect the regions of interaction from chemical modification or cleavages obtained with chemical or enzymatic nucleases. This method has proven its efficiency to study in vitro the organization of stable RNA-protein complexes. Nevertheless, when the protein binds the RNA very dynamically, with high off-rates, protections are very often difficult to observe. For the analysis of these transient complexes, we describe an alternative strategy adapted from the Site Directed Chemical Probing (SDCP) approach and we compare it with classical footprinting. SDCP relies on the modification of the RNA binding protein to tether an RNA probe (usually Fe-EDTA) to specific protein positions. Local cleavages on the regions of interaction can be used to localize the protein and position its domains on the RNA molecule. This method has been used in the past to monitor stable complexes; we provide here a detailed protocol and a practical example of its application to the study of Escherichia coli RNA chaperone protein S1 and its transitory complexes with mRNAs.
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Therapeutic Activity of Anti-AXL Antibody against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts and Metastasis. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:2806-2816. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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The respiratory DC/macrophage network at steady-state and upon influenza infection in the swine biomedical model. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:835-49. [PMID: 26530136 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human and mouse respiratory tracts show anatomical and physiological differences, which will benefit from alternative experimental models for studying many respiratory diseases. Pig has been recognized as a valuable biomedical model, in particular for lung transplantation or pathologies such as cystic fibrosis and influenza infection. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the porcine respiratory immune system. Here we segregated and studied six populations of pig lung dendritic cells (DCs)/macrophages (Mθs) as follows: conventional DCs (cDC) 1 and cDC2, inflammatory monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs), monocyte-derived Mθs, and interstitial and alveolar Mθs. The three DC subsets present migratory and naive T-cell stimulation capacities. As observed in human and mice, porcine cDC1 and cDC2 were able to induce T-helper (Th)1 and Th2 responses, respectively. Interestingly, porcine moDCs increased in the lung upon influenza infection, as observed in the mouse model. Pig cDC2 shared some characteristics observed in human but not in mice, such as the expression of FCɛRIα and Langerin, and an intra-epithelial localization. This work, by unraveling the extended similarities of the porcine and human lung DC/Mθ networks, highlights the relevance of pig, both as an exploratory model of DC/Mθ functions and as a model for human inflammatory lung pathologies.
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Vesicular trafficking regulators are new players in breast cancer progression: Role of TOM1L1 in ERBB2-dependent invasion. Mol Cell Oncol 2016; 3:e1182241. [PMID: 27652326 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2016.1182241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
ERBB2 (v-erb-b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2) amplification is associated with invasive breast cancer. We discovered that TOM1L1 (target of myb1-like 1) and ERBB2 co-amplification defines a novel mechanism involved in breast cancer metastatic progression. Upregulation of the vesicular trafficking protein TOM1L1 enhances plasma membrane delivery of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloprotease (MT1-MMP) for efficient extracellular matrix degradation and tumor cell dissemination.
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TOM1L1 drives membrane delivery of MT1-MMP to promote ERBB2-induced breast cancer cell invasion. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10765. [PMID: 26899482 PMCID: PMC4764922 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ERBB2 overexpression in human breast cancer leads to invasive carcinoma but the mechanism is not clearly understood. Here we report that TOM1L1 is co-amplified with ERBB2 and defines a subgroup of HER2+/ER+ tumours with early metastatic relapse. TOM1L1 encodes a GAT domain-containing trafficking protein and is a SRC substrate that negatively regulates tyrosine kinase signalling. We demonstrate that TOM1L1 upregulation enhances the invasiveness of ERBB2-transformed cells. This pro-tumoural function does not involve SRC, but implicates membrane-bound membrane-type 1 MMP (MT1-MMP)-dependent activation of invadopodia, membrane protrusions specialized in extracellular matrix degradation. Mechanistically, ERBB2 elicits the indirect phosphorylation of TOM1L1 on Ser321. The phosphorylation event promotes GAT-dependent association of TOM1L1 with the sorting protein TOLLIP and trafficking of the metalloprotease MT1-MMP from endocytic compartments to invadopodia for tumour cell invasion. Collectively, these results show that TOM1L1 is an important element of an ERBB2-driven proteolytic invasive programme and that TOM1L1 amplification potentially enhances the metastatic progression of ERBB2-positive breast cancers. ERBB2 overexpression in human breast cancer leads to invasion and metastasis. Here the authors report that ERBB2 induces indirect phosphorylation of TOM1L1 that promotes trafficking of the metalloprotease MT1-MMP to invadopodia, which leads to tumour cell invasion.
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Endoscopic ulnar nerve release at the elbow: Indications and outcomes. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2016; 102:41-5. [PMID: 26725214 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow is the second most common nerve entrapment syndrome at the upper limp, after carpal tunnel syndrome. Many surgeons feel that ulnar nerve instability contra-indicates endoscopic nerve release. Published studies, however, found no evidence that pre-operative or intra-operative ulnar nerve instability adversely affected clinical outcomes. The objective of this prospective study was to define the indications and describe the outcomes of endoscopic ulnar nerve release at the elbow. HYPOTHESIS Endoscopic ulnar nerve release at the elbow is a valid option even in patients with ulnar nerve instability and regardless of the severity of the compression. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a prospective single-centre study of patients scheduled for surgery based on clinical and electromyographic manifestations of ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow. Ulnar nerve instability (incomplete dislocation, i.e., Childress A) before or during surgery was not a contra-indication to the procedure. The patients were re-evaluated 12 months after surgery. RESULTS Seventeen patients were included in the statistical analysis. The modified Bishop's score indicated excellent or good outcomes in 15 (88%) patients (excellent in 4 and good in 11) and a fair outcome in 2 patients. Functional outcomes were not associated with the presence of ulnar nerve instability before surgery. DISCUSSION We elected to include patients with Childress A ulnar nerve instability. Clinical outcomes in these patients were similar to those in patients without ulnar nerve instability. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, open prospective study of treatment outcomes.
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ABL tyrosine kinase inhibition variable effects on the invasive properties of different triple negative breast cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118854. [PMID: 25803821 PMCID: PMC4372365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-receptor tyrosine kinase ABL drives myeloid progenitor expansion in human chronic myeloid leukemia. ABL inhibition by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib is a first-line treatment for this disease. Recently, ABL has also been implicated in the transforming properties of solid tumors, including triple negative (TN) breast cancer. TN breast cancers are highly metastatic and several cell lines derived from these tumors display high invasive activity in vitro. This feature is associated with the activation of actin-rich membrane structures called invadopodia that promote extracellular matrix degradation. Here, we investigated nilotinib effect on the invasive and migratory properties of different TN breast cancer cell lines. Nilotinib decreased both matrix degradation and invasion in the TN breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB 231 and MDA-MB 468. However, and unexpectedly, nilotinib increased by two-fold the invasive properties of the TN breast cancer cell line BT-549 and of Src-transformed fibroblasts. Both display much higher levels of ABL kinase activity compared to MDA-MB 231. Similar effects were obtained by siRNA-mediated down-regulation of ABL expression, confirming ABL central role in this process. ABL anti-tumor effect in BT-549 cells and Src-transformed fibroblasts was not dependent on EGF secretion, as recently reported in neck and squamous carcinoma cells. Rather, we identified the TRIO-RAC1 axis as an important downstream element of ABL activity in these cancer cells. In conclusion, the observation that TN breast cancer cell lines respond differently to ABL inhibitors could have implications for future therapies.
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Verneuil's disease, innate immunity and vitamin D: a pilot study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 29:1347-53. [PMID: 25512084 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verneuil's disease is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of the follicles in apocrine glands rich area of the skin (axillary, inguinal, anogenital) and is associated with a deficient skin innate immunity. It is characterized by the occurrence of nodules, abscesses, fistulas, scars. Recently, vitamin D has been shown to stimulate skin innate immunity. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of the study was to assess whether Verneuil's disease was associated with vitamin D deficiency. The secondary objective was to determine whether vitamin D supplementation could improve inflammatory lesions. METHODS First, 25(OH) vitamin D3 serum levels in patients with Verneuil's disease followed at Nantes University Hospital were compared to those of healthy donors from the French Blood Bank. Then, a pilot study was conducted in 14 patients supplemented with vitamin D according to their vitamin D level at baseline at months 3 and 6. The endpoints at 6 months were decreased by at least 20% in the number of nodules and in the frequency of flare-ups. RESULTS Twenty-two patients (100%) had vitamin D deficiency (level <30 ng/mL) of whom 36% were severely deficient (level <10 ng/mL), having correlation with the disease severity (P = 0.03268) vs. 20 controls with vitamin D deficiency (91%) of whom 14% were severely deficient. In 14 patients, the supplementation significantly decreased the number of nodules at 6 months (P = 0.01133), and the endpoints were achieved in 79% of these patients. A correlation between the therapeutic success and the importance of the increase in vitamin D level after supplementation was observed (P = 0.01099). CONCLUSION Our study shows that Verneuil's disease is associated with a major vitamin D deficiency, correlated with the disease severity. It suggests that vitamin D could significantly improve the inflammatory nodules, probably by stimulating the skin innate immunity. A larger randomized study is needed to confirm these findings.
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Fast Parallel Kriging-Based Stepwise Uncertainty Reduction With Application to the Identification of an Excursion Set. Technometrics 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00401706.2013.860918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Déficit en vitamine D et supplémentation dans la maladie de Verneuil : étude pilote. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2014.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Velocity distributions in confined flows of some complex fluids: sequence, sample and hardware issues. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2014; 245:156-170. [PMID: 24934338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present work addresses the problem of using Pulsed Field Gradient (PFG) experiments to measure velocity probability density functions and/or distributions in restricted flows, without being subjected to the blurring due to diffusive molecular motions. It especially focuses on two important classes of complex yield-stress fluids, i.e. water based colloidal suspensions or polymeric gels, and concentrated emulsions. Taking into account the many constraints owing to fluid diffusive properties, flow rate, hardware characteristics and pore size, it is found that the existence of suitable and optimised sequence parameters can be discussed in a graphical way. To do so, it also shown that Murday and Cotts formula describing diffusion inside emulsion droplets can be efficiently approximated by means of a set of asymptotic expressions. Different tuning regimes are identified for both kind of fluids, highlighting the influence of each of the various constraints on measuring possibilities. A method is given to build quantitative diagrams indicating pore sizes and flow rates allowing pure velocity assessment for a given fluid and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) hardware. Measurements are found to be mainly constrained by fluid self-diffusivity and microstructure at low flow rates, and hardware characteristics at high flow rates. Although high gradient strengths can be made necessary to decrease achievable velocities and pore sizes in some specific cases, low gradient systems turn out suitable in many situations thanks to optimised sequence tuning. Due to their larger size, the latter also appear to offer the widest variety of workable experimental conditions. The use of these results is finally exemplified on the practical case of an emulsion flow in a model porous system.
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Exposition aux nanoparticules et pénibilité : à propos d’une action dans un service santé-travail interentreprises. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2014.03.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Étude rétrospective multicentrique d’un nouveau concept de chaussures orthopédiques avec un releveur intégré. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2014.03.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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