1
|
Cohen ML, Brumwell AN, Che Ho T, Montas G, Golden JA, Jones KD, Wolters PJ, Wei Y, Chapman HA, Le Saux CJ. A fibroblast-dependent TGFβ1/sFRP2 noncanonical Wnt signaling axis underlies epithelial metaplasia in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.02.551383. [PMID: 37577522 PMCID: PMC10418166 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.02.551383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Reciprocal interactions between alveolar fibroblasts and epithelial cells are crucial for lung homeostasis, injury repair, and fibrogenesis, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate this, we administered the fibroblast-selective TGFβ1 signaling inhibitor, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), to Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) patients undergoing diagnostic lung biopsy and conducted single-cell RNA sequencing on spare tissue. Unexposed biopsy samples showed higher fibroblast TGFβ1 signaling compared to non-disease donor or end-stage ILD tissues. In vivo, EGCG significantly downregulated TGFβ1 signaling and several pro-inflammatory and stress pathways in biopsy samples. Notably, EGCG reduced fibroblast secreted Frizzle-like Receptor Protein 2 (sFRP2), an unrecognized TGFβ1 fibroblast target gene induced near type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2s). In human AEC2-fibroblast coculture organoids, sFRP2 was essential for AEC2 trans-differentiation to basal cells. Precision cut lung slices (PCLS) from normal donors demonstrated that TGFβ1 promoted KRT17 expression and AEC2 morphological change, while sFRP2 was necessary for KRT5 expression in AEC2-derived basaloid cells. Wnt-receptor Frizzled 5 (Fzd5) expression and downstream calcineurin-related signaling in AEC2s were required for sFRP2-induced KRT5 expression. These findings highlight stage-specific TGFβ1 signaling in ILD, the therapeutic potential of EGCG in reducing IPF-related transcriptional changes, and identify the TGFβ1-non-canonical Wnt pathway crosstalk via sFRP2 as a novel mechanism for dysfunctional epithelial signaling in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/ILD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max L. Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alexis N. Brumwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Tsung Che Ho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Genevieve Montas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeffrey A. Golden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kirk D. Jones
- Department of Pathology; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Paul J. Wolters
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Harold A. Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Claude J. Le Saux
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chapman HA, Wei Y, Montas G, Leong D, Golden JA, Trinh BN, Wolters PJ, Le Saux CJ, Jones KD, Hills NK, Foster E, Oldham JM, Linderholm AL, Kotak P, Decaris M, Turner S, Song JW. Reversal of TGFβ1-Driven Profibrotic State in Patients with Pulmonary Fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:1068-1070. [PMID: 32160670 PMCID: PMC7297220 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc1915189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Wei
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Darren Leong
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Binh N Trinh
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Paul J Wolters
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Kirk D Jones
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Nancy K Hills
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei Y, Kim TJ, Peng DH, Duan D, Gibbons DL, Yamauchi M, Jackson JR, Le Saux CJ, Calhoun C, Peters J, Derynck R, Backes BJ, Chapman HA. Fibroblast-specific inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling attenuates lung and tumor fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3675-3688. [PMID: 28872461 DOI: 10.1172/jci94624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β1 signaling is a critical driver of collagen accumulation and fibrotic disease but also a vital suppressor of inflammation and epithelial cell proliferation. The nature of this multifunctional cytokine has limited the development of global TGF-β1 signaling inhibitors as therapeutic agents. We conducted phenotypic screens for small molecules that inhibit TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition without immediate TGF-β1 receptor (TβR) kinase inhibition. We identified trihydroxyphenolic compounds as potent blockers of TGF-β1 responses (IC50 ~50 nM), Snail1 expression, and collagen deposition in vivo in models of pulmonary fibrosis and collagen-dependent lung cancer metastasis. Remarkably, the functional effects of trihydroxyphenolics required the presence of active lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2), thereby limiting effects to fibroblasts or cancer cells, the major LOXL2 producers. Mechanistic studies revealed that trihydroxyphenolics induce auto-oxidation of a LOXL2/3-specific lysine (K731) in a time-dependent reaction that irreversibly inhibits LOXL2 and converts the trihydrophenolic to a previously undescribed metabolite that directly inhibits TβRI kinase. Combined inhibition of LOXL2 and TβRI activities by trihydrophenolics resulted in potent blockade of pathological collagen accumulation in vivo without the toxicities associated with global inhibitors. These findings elucidate a therapeutic approach to attenuate fibrosis and the disease-promoting effects of tissue stiffness by specifically targeting TβRI kinase in LOXL2-expressing cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- Department of Medicine, UCSF Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Thomas J Kim
- Department of Medicine, UCSF Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David H Peng
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology and Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dana Duan
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology and Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mitsuo Yamauchi
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julia R Jackson
- Department of Medicine, UCSF Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Claude J Le Saux
- Department of Medicine, UCSF Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Cheresa Calhoun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jay Peters
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Rik Derynck
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bradley J Backes
- Department of Medicine, UCSF Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Harold A Chapman
- Department of Medicine, UCSF Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shivshankar P, Boyd AR, Le Saux CJ, Yeh IT, Orihuela CJ. Cellular senescence increases expression of bacterial ligands in the lungs and is positively correlated with increased susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia. Aging Cell 2011; 10:798-806. [PMID: 21615674 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2011.00720.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an age-associated phenomenon that promotes tumor invasiveness owing to the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, proteases, and growth factors. Herein we demonstrate that cellular senescence also potentially increases susceptibility to bacterial pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus), the leading cause of infectious death in the elderly. Aged mice had increased lung inflammation as determined by cytokine analysis and histopathology of lung sections. Immunoblotting for p16, pRb, and mH2A showed that elderly humans and aged mice had increased levels of these senescence markers in their lungs vs. young controls. Keratin 10 (K10), laminin receptor (LR), and platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFr), host proteins known to be co-opted for bacterial adhesion, were also increased. Aged mice were found to be highly susceptible to pneumococcal challenge in a PsrP, the pneumococcal adhesin that binds K10, dependent manner. In vitro senescent A549 lung epithelial cells had elevated K10 and LR protein levels and were up to 5-fold more permissive for bacterial adhesion. Additionally, exposure of normal cells to conditioned media from senescent cells doubled PAFr levels and pneumococcal adherence. Genotoxic stress induced by bleomycin and oxidative stress enhanced susceptibility of young mice to pneumonia and was positively correlated with enhanced p16, inflammation, and LR levels. These findings suggest that cellular senescence facilitates bacterial adhesion to cells in the lungs and provides an additional molecular mechanism for the increased incidence of community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly. This study is the first to suggest a second negative consequence for the senescence-associated secretory phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Shivshankar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|