1
|
Chandy M, Hill T, Jimenez-Tellez N, Wu JC, Sarles SE, Hensel E, Wang Q, Rahman I, Conklin DJ. Addressing Cardiovascular Toxicity Risk of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems in the Twenty-First Century: "What Are the Tools Needed for the Job?" and "Do We Have Them?". Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:435-471. [PMID: 38555547 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is positively and robustly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), including hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac arrhythmias, stroke, thromboembolism, myocardial infarctions, and heart failure. However, after more than a decade of ENDS presence in the U.S. marketplace, uncertainty persists regarding the long-term health consequences of ENDS use for CVD. New approach methods (NAMs) in the field of toxicology are being developed to enhance rapid prediction of human health hazards. Recent technical advances can now consider impact of biological factors such as sex and race/ethnicity, permitting application of NAMs findings to health equity and environmental justice issues. This has been the case for hazard assessments of drugs and environmental chemicals in areas such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and developmental toxicity. Despite these advances, a shortage of widely accepted methodologies to predict the impact of ENDS use on human health slows the application of regulatory oversight and the protection of public health. Minimizing the time between the emergence of risk (e.g., ENDS use) and the administration of well-founded regulatory policy requires thoughtful consideration of the currently available sources of data, their applicability to the prediction of health outcomes, and whether these available data streams are enough to support an actionable decision. This challenge forms the basis of this white paper on how best to reveal potential toxicities of ENDS use in the human cardiovascular system-a primary target of conventional tobacco smoking. We identify current approaches used to evaluate the impacts of tobacco on cardiovascular health, in particular emerging techniques that replace, reduce, and refine slower and more costly animal models with NAMs platforms that can be applied to tobacco regulatory science. The limitations of these emerging platforms are addressed, and systems biology approaches to close the knowledge gap between traditional models and NAMs are proposed. It is hoped that these suggestions and their adoption within the greater scientific community will result in fresh data streams that will support and enhance the scientific evaluation and subsequent decision-making of tobacco regulatory agencies worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Chandy
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Thomas Hill
- Division of Nonclinical Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Nerea Jimenez-Tellez
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - S Emma Sarles
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering PhD Program, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Edward Hensel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Qixin Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston St., Delia Baxter, Rm. 404E, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Asplund H, Dreyer HH, Singhal R, Rouchka EC, O’Toole TE, Haberzettl P, Conklin DJ, Sansbury BE. Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution Disrupts Erythrocyte Turnover. Circ Res 2024; 134:1224-1227. [PMID: 38662858 PMCID: PMC11059477 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Haley Asplund
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hector H. Dreyer
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Richa Singhal
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Eric C. Rouchka
- Kentucky IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (KY INBRE) Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Timothy E. O’Toole
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Petra Haberzettl
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Brian E. Sansbury
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang JY, Mondéjar-Parreño G, Jahng JWS, Lu Y, Hamburg N, Nadeau KC, Conklin DJ, Liao R, Chandy M, Wu JC. Elucidating effects of the environmental pollutant benzo[a]pyrene [BaP] on cardiac arrhythmogenicity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024:S0022-2828(24)00057-9. [PMID: 38648962 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Johnson Y Yang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gema Mondéjar-Parreño
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James W S Jahng
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yu Lu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Naomi Hamburg
- Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ronglih Liao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark Chandy
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao J, Adiele N, Gomes D, Malovichko M, Conklin DJ, Ekuban A, Luo J, Gripshover T, Watson WH, Banerjee M, Smith ML, Rouchka EC, Xu R, Zhang X, Gondim DD, Cave MC, O’Toole TE. Obesogenic polystyrene microplastic exposures disrupt the gut-liver-adipose axis. Toxicol Sci 2024; 198:210-220. [PMID: 38291899 PMCID: PMC10964747 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) derived from the weathering of polymers, or synthesized in this size range, have become widespread environmental contaminants and have found their way into water supplies and the food chain. Despite this awareness, little is known about the health consequences of MP ingestion. We have previously shown that the consumption of polystyrene (PS) beads was associated with intestinal dysbiosis and diabetes and obesity in mice. To further evaluate the systemic metabolic effects of PS on the gut-liver-adipose tissue axis, we supplied C57BL/6J mice with normal water or that containing 2 sizes of PS beads (0.5 and 5 µm) at a concentration of 1 µg/ml. After 13 weeks, we evaluated indices of metabolism and liver function. As observed previously, mice drinking the PS-containing water had a potentiated weight gain and adipose expansion. Here we found that this was associated with an increased abundance of adipose F4/80+ macrophages. These exposures did not cause nonalcoholic fatty liver disease but were associated with decreased liver:body weight ratios and an enrichment in hepatic farnesoid X receptor and liver X receptor signaling. PS also increased hepatic cholesterol and altered both hepatic and cecal bile acids. Mice consuming PS beads and treated with the berry anthocyanin, delphinidin, demonstrated an attenuated weight gain compared with those mice receiving a control intervention and also exhibited a downregulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways. This study highlights the obesogenic role of PS in perturbing the gut-liver-adipose axis and altering nuclear receptor signaling and intermediary metabolism. Dietary interventions may limit the adverse metabolic effects of PS consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Ngozi Adiele
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Daniel Gomes
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Marina Malovichko
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Abigail Ekuban
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Jianzhu Luo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Tyler Gripshover
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Walter H Watson
- The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Mayukh Banerjee
- The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Melissa L Smith
- The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Eric C Rouchka
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- KY INBRE Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Raobo Xu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
- Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
- Division of Analytic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
- The Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Dibson D Gondim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Matthew C Cave
- The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
| | - Timothy E O’Toole
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xie Z, Sutaria SR, Chen JY, Gao H, Conklin DJ, Keith RJ, Srivastava S, Lorkiewicz P, Bhatnagar A. Evaluation of urinary limonene metabolites as biomarkers of exposure to greenness. Environ Res 2024; 245:117991. [PMID: 38141921 PMCID: PMC10922478 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to plants is known to improve physical and mental health and living in areas of high vegetation is associated with better health. The addition of quantitative measures of greenness exposure at individual-level to other objective and subjective study measures will help establish cause-and-effect relationships between greenspaces and human health. Because limonene is one of the most abundant biogenic volatile organic compounds emitted by plants, we hypothesized that urinary metabolites of inhaled limonene can serve as biomarkers of exposure to greenness. To test our hypothesis, we analyzed urine samples collected from eight human volunteers after limonene inhalation or after greenness exposure using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry-based profiling. Eighteen isomers of nine metabolites were detected in urine after limonene inhalation, and their kinetic parameters were estimated using nonlinear mixed effect models. Urinary levels of most abundant limonene metabolites were elevated after brief exposure to a forested area, and the ratio of urinary limonene metabolites provided evidence of recent exposure. The identities and structures of these metabolites were validated using stable isotope tracing and tandem mass spectral comparison. Together, these data suggest that urinary metabolites of limonene, especially uroterpenol glucuronide and dihydroperillic acid glucuronide, could be used as individualized biomarkers of greenness exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhi Xie
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, USA; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, USA; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Saurin R Sutaria
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, USA; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, USA; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Jin Y Chen
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, USA; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, USA; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Hong Gao
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, USA; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, USA; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, USA; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, USA; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Rachel J Keith
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, USA; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, USA; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, USA; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, USA; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, USA; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, USA; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, USA; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, USA; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abouleisa RRE, Tang XL, Ou Q, Salama ABM, Woolard A, Hammouri D, Abdelhafez H, Cayton S, Abdulwali SK, Arai M, Sithu ID, Conklin DJ, Bolli R, Mohamed TMA. Gene therapy encoding cell cycle factors to treat chronic ischemic heart failure in rats. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:152-163. [PMID: 38175760 PMCID: PMC10936750 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Gene therapies to induce cardiomyocyte (CM) cell cycle re-entry have shown a potential to treat subacute ischaemic heart failure (IHF) but have not been tested in the more relevant setting of chronic IHF. Our group recently showed that polycistronic non-integrating lentivirus encoding Cdk1/CyclinB1 and Cdk4/CyclinD1 (TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL) is effective in inducing CM cell cycle re-entry and ameliorating subacute IHF models and preventing the subsequent IHF-induced congestions in the liver, kidneys, and lungs in rats and pigs. Here, we aim to test the long-term efficacy of TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL in a rat model of chronic IHF, a setting that differs pathophysiologically from subacute IHF and has greater clinical relevance. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats were subjected to a 2-h coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion; 4 weeks later, rats were injected intramyocardially with either TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL or LacZ-NIL. Four months post-viral injection, TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL-treated rats showed a significant reduction in scar size and a significant improvement in left ventricular (LV) systolic cardiac function but not in the LV dilatation associated with chronic IHF. A mitosis reporter system developed in our lab showed significant induction of CM mitotic activity in TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL-treated rats. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates, for the first time, that TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL gene therapy induces CM cell cycle re-entry in chronic IHF and improves LV function, and that this salubrious effect is sustained for at least 4 months. Given the high prevalence of chronic IHF, these results have significant clinical implications for developing a novel treatment for this deadly disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riham R E Abouleisa
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xian-Liang Tang
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Qinghui Ou
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Abou-Bakr M Salama
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, 872 Shaibet an Nakareyah, Zagazig, Al-Sharqia Governorate 7120001, Egypt
| | - Amie Woolard
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Dana Hammouri
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Hania Abdelhafez
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sarah Cayton
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sameeha K Abdulwali
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Interconnection of Al Takhassousi،Al Zahrawi Street, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Momo Arai
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Interconnection of Al Takhassousi،Al Zahrawi Street, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Israel D Sithu
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, KY 40202, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Tamer M A Mohamed
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 872 Shaibet an Nakareyah, Zagazig, Zagazig, Al-Sharqia Governorate 7120001, Egypt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Surgery Department, Baylor College of Medicine, 6519 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chandy M, Conklin DJ. Recent advances in the cardiotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs: Navigating the landscape of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 482:116791. [PMID: 38103743 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Chandy
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5K8, Canada; Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jin L, Xie Z, Lorkiewicz P, Srivastava S, Bhatnagar A, Conklin DJ. Endothelial-dependent relaxation of α-pinene and two metabolites, myrtenol and verbenol, in isolated murine blood vessels. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1446-H1460. [PMID: 37889254 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00380.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence shows that residential proximity to greenspaces is associated with lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality; however, the mechanism(s) underlying this link remains unclear. Plants emit biogenic volatile organic compounds such as α-pinene that could elicit beneficial cardiovascular effects. To explore the role of α-pinene more directly, we studied the metabolism and the vascular effects of α-pinene. We found that exposure of mice to α-pinene (1 ppm, 6 h) generated two phase I oxidation metabolites, cis- and trans-verbenol [(1R,2R,5R)-verbenol and (1 R,2S,5R)-verbenol)] and myrtenol [(1S,5R)-(+)-myrtenol] that were identified in urine by GC-MS. Precontracted naïve murine male and female aorta and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) were relaxed robustly (60% tension reduction) by increasing concentrations of α-pinene, myrtenol, and verbenol to 0.3 mM, whereas 1 mM α-pinene was vasotoxic. The SMA was six times more sensitive than the aorta to α-pinene. Both myrtenol and verbenol were equally potent and efficacious as parent α-pinene in male and female SMA. The sensitive portion of the α-pinene-, myrtenol-, and verbenol-induced relaxations in male SMA was mediated by 1) endothelium, 2) eNOS-derived NO, and 3) guanylyl cyclase (GC) activity. Moreover, α-pinene activated the transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) channel whereas the metabolites did not. Endothelial-derived NO regulates blood flow, blood pressure, and thrombosis, and it is plausible that inhaled (and ingested) α-pinene (or its metabolites) augments NO release to mediate the cardiovascular benefits of exposure to greenness.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A common plant-derived biogenic volatile organic compound, α-pinene, and two of its metabolites, myrtenol and verbenol, stimulate vasorelaxation in murine superior mesenteric artery. Both α-pinene- and its metabolites induce vasorelaxation by activation of the endothelium, nitric oxide, and guanylyl cyclase. α-Pinene also activates the transient receptor potential ankyrin-1. Positive associations between greenness exposure and human cardiovascular health may be a result of the vascular action of α-pinene and its metabolites, a novel consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Jin
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Z Xie
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - P Lorkiewicz
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - S Srivastava
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - A Bhatnagar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - D J Conklin
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Conklin DJ, Haberzettl P, MacKinlay KG, Murphy D, Jin L, Yuan F, Srivastava S, Bhatnagar A. Aldose Reductase (AR) Mediates and Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT) Modulates Endothelial Dysfunction of Short-Term High-Fat Diet Feeding in Mice. Metabolites 2023; 13:1172. [PMID: 38132854 PMCID: PMC10744918 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased adiposity of both visceral and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) depots is associated with an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Under healthy conditions, PVAT modulates vascular tone via the release of PVAT-derived relaxing factors, including adiponectin and leptin. However, when PVAT expands with high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, it appears to contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction (ED). Yet, the mechanisms by which PVAT alters vascular health are unclear. Aldose reductase (AR) catalyzes glucose reduction in the first step of the polyol pathway and has been long implicated in diabetic complications including neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and vascular diseases. To better understand the roles of both PVAT and AR in HFD-induced ED, we studied structural and functional changes in aortic PVAT induced by short-term HFD (60% kcal fat) feeding in wild type (WT) and aldose reductase-null (AR-null) mice. Although 4 weeks of HFD feeding significantly increased body fat and PVAT mass in both WT and AR-null mice, HFD feeding induced ED in the aortas of WT mice but not of AR-null mice. Moreover, HFD feeding augmented endothelial-dependent relaxation in aortas with intact PVAT only in WT and not in AR-null mice. These data indicate that AR mediates ED associated with short-term HFD feeding and that ED appears to provoke 'compensatory changes' in PVAT induced by HFD. As these data support that the ED of HFD feeding is AR-dependent, vascular-localized AR remains a potential target of temporally selective intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Conklin
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (P.H.); (D.M.); (L.J.); (S.S.); (A.B.)
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Petra Haberzettl
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (P.H.); (D.M.); (L.J.); (S.S.); (A.B.)
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | | | - Daniel Murphy
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (P.H.); (D.M.); (L.J.); (S.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Lexiao Jin
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (P.H.); (D.M.); (L.J.); (S.S.); (A.B.)
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Fangping Yuan
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (P.H.); (D.M.); (L.J.); (S.S.); (A.B.)
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (P.H.); (D.M.); (L.J.); (S.S.); (A.B.)
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ribble A, Hellmann J, Conklin DJ, Bhatnagar A, Haberzettl P. Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5)-induced pulmonary oxidative stress contributes to increases in glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in a mouse model of circadian dyssynchrony. Sci Total Environ 2023; 877:162934. [PMID: 36934930 PMCID: PMC10164116 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Results of human and animal studies independently suggest that either ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution exposure or a disturbed circadian rhythm (circadian dyssynchrony) are important contributing factors to the rapidly evolving type-2-diabetes (T2D) epidemic. The objective of this study is to investigate whether circadian dyssynchrony increases the susceptibility to PM2.5 and how PM2.5 affects metabolic health in circadian dyssynchrony. We examined systemic and organ-specific changes in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in mice maintained on a regular (12/12 h light/dark) or disrupted (18/6 h light/dark, light-induced circadian dyssynchrony, LICD) light cycle exposed to air or concentrated PM2.5 (CAP, 6 h/day, 30 days). Exposures during Zeitgeber ZT3-9 or ZT11-17 (Zeitgeber in circadian time, ZT0 = begin of light cycle) tested for time-of-day PM2.5 sensitivity (chronotoxicity). Mice transgenic for lung-specific overexpression of extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD-Tg) were used to assess the contribution of CAP-induced pulmonary oxidative stress. Both, CAP exposure from ZT3-9 or ZT11-17, decreased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in male mice with LICD, but not in female mice or in mice kept on a regular light cycle. Although changes in glucose homeostasis in CAP-exposed male mice with LICD were not associated with obesity, they were accompanied by white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, impaired insulin signaling in skeletal muscle and liver, and systemic and pulmonary oxidative stress. Preventing CAP-induced oxidative stress in the lungs mitigated the CAP-induced decrease in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in LICD. Our results demonstrate that circadian dyssynchrony is a novel susceptibility state for PM2.5 and suggest that PM2.5 by inducing pulmonary oxidative stress increases glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in circadian dyssynchrony.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ribble
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jason Hellmann
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Petra Haberzettl
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Majid S, Weisbrod RM, Fetterman JL, Keith RJ, Rizvi SHM, Zhou Y, Behrooz L, Robertson RM, Bhatnagar A, Conklin DJ, Hamburg NM. Pod-based e-liquids impair human vascular endothelial cell function. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280674. [PMID: 36701344 PMCID: PMC9879485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pod-based electronic (e-) cigarettes more efficiently deliver nicotine using a protonated formulation. The cardiovascular effects associated with these devices are poorly understood. We evaluated whether pod-based e-liquids and their individual components impair endothelial cell function. We isolated endothelial cells from people who are pod users (n = 10), tobacco never users (n = 7), and combustible cigarette users (n = 6). After a structured use, pod users had lower acetylcholine-mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation compared with never users and was similar to levels from combustible cigarette users (overall P = 0.008, P = 0.01 pod vs never; P = 0.96 pod vs combustible cigarette). The effects of pod-based e-cigarettes and their constituents on vascular cell function were further studied in commercially available human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) incubated with flavored JUUL e-liquids or propylene glycol (PG):vegetable glycerol (VG) at 30:70 ratio with or without 60 mg/mL nicotine salt for 90 min. A progressive increase in cell death with JUUL e-liquid exposure was observed across 0.0001-1% dilutions; PG:VG vehicle with and without nicotine salt induced cell death. A23187-stimulated nitric oxide production was decreased with all JUUL e-liquid flavors, PG:VG and nicotine salt exposures. Aerosols generated by JUUL e-liquid heating similarly decreased stimulated nitric oxide production. Only mint flavored e-liquids increased inflammation and menthol flavored e-liquids enhanced oxidative stress in HAECs. In conclusion, pod e-liquids and their individual components appear to impair endothelial cell function. These findings indicate the potential harm of pod-based devices on endothelial cell function and thus may be relevant to cardiovascular injury in pod type e-cigarette users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Majid
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Weisbrod
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jessica L. Fetterman
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Rachel J. Keith
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Syed H. M. Rizvi
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Yuxiang Zhou
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Leili Behrooz
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Naomi M. Hamburg
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Conklin DJ. How Irritating! Electronic Cigarettes Not "95% Safer" Than Combustible Cigarettes: Recent Mechanistic Insights Into Endothelial Dysfunction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:1351-1354. [PMID: 36288291 PMCID: PMC10038145 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Conklin
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville
- Center of Cardiovascular Metabolism Science, University of Louisville
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tevis DS, Flores SR, Kenwood BM, Bhandari D, Jacob P, Liu J, Lorkiewicz PK, Conklin DJ, Hecht SS, Goniewicz ML, Blount BC, De Jesús VR. Corrigendum to "Harmonization of acronyms for volatile organic compound metabolites using a standardized naming system" [Int. J. Hygiene Environ. Health 235 (2021) 113749]. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 247:114030. [PMID: 36088239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise S Tevis
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sharon R Flores
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brandon M Kenwood
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deepak Bhandari
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Peyton Jacob
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Division of Cardiology, Clinical Pharmacology Program, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Division of Cardiology, Clinical Pharmacology Program, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pawel K Lorkiewicz
- American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Superfund Research Center, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Superfund Research Center, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maciej L Goniewicz
- Nicotine and Tobacco Product Assessment Resource, Department of Health Behavior, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Studies, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin C Blount
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Víctor R De Jesús
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dai X, Wang K, Fan J, Liu H, Fan X, Lin Q, Chen Y, Chen H, Li Y, Liu H, Chen O, Chen J, Li X, Ren D, Li J, Conklin DJ, Wintergerst KA, Li Y, Cai L, Deng Z, Yan X, Tan Y. Nrf2 transcriptional upregulation of IDH2 to tune mitochondrial dynamics and rescue angiogenic function of diabetic EPCs. Redox Biol 2022; 56:102449. [PMID: 36063728 PMCID: PMC9463384 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are reduced in number and impaired in function in diabetic patients. Whether and how Nrf2 regulates the function of diabetic EPCs remains unclear. In this study, we found that the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream genes were decreased in EPCs from both diabetic patients and db/db mice. Survival ability and angiogenic function of EPCs from diabetic patients and db/db mice also were impaired. Gain- and loss-of-function studies, respectively, showed that knockdown of Nrf2 increased apoptosis and impaired tube formation in EPCs from healthy donors and wild-type mice, while Nrf2 overexpression decreased apoptosis and rescued tube formation in EPCs from diabetic patients and db/db mice. Additionally, proangiogenic function of Nrf2-manipulated mouse EPCs was validated in db/db mice with hind limb ischemia. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that diabetes induced mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction of EPCs by dysregulating the abundance of proteins controlling mitochondrial dynamics; upregulating Nrf2 expression attenuated diabetes-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction and rectified the abundance of proteins controlling mitochondrial dynamics. Further RNA-sequencing analysis demonstrated that Nrf2 specifically upregulated the transcription of isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), a key enzyme regulating tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondrial function. Overexpression of IDH2 rectified Nrf2 knockdown- or diabetes-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and EPC dysfunction. In a therapeutic approach, supplementation of an Nrf2 activator sulforaphane enhanced angiogenesis and blood perfusion recovery in db/db mice with hind limb ischemia. Collectively, these findings indicate that Nrf2 is a potential therapeutic target for improving diabetic EPC function. Thus, elevating Nrf2 expression enhances EPC resistance to diabetes-induced oxidative damage and improves therapeutic efficacy of EPCs in treating diabetic limb ischemia likely via transcriptional upregulating IDH2 expression and improving mitochondrial function of diabetic EPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Dai
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Fan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanjie Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Fan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yuhang Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hairong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Oscar Chen
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Kentucky IDeA Network for Biomedical Research Excellence Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Di Ren
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kupper A. Wintergerst
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Norton Children’s Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA,Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, Norton Children’s Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA,Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, Norton Children’s Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Zhongbin Deng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Immunotherapy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,Corresponding author. Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Yi Tan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA,Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, Norton Children’s Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA,Corresponding author. Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville School of Medicine, 570 South Preston Street, Baxter-I Building Suite 304E, Louisville, KY, 40202 USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Asplund H, Haberzettl P, Hellmann J, Conklin DJ, Jones S, Bhatnagar A, Sansbury BE. Abstract P3007: Exposure To Particulate Air Pollution Dysregulates Splenic Inflammation Resolution And Erythrocyte Processing. Circ Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/res.131.suppl_1.p3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). One proposed mechanism linking PM exposure and CVD is the induction of low-grade systemic inflammation that underlies disease progression. However, whether exposure to fine PM (PM
2.5
) directly affects the endogenous pathways that resolve the inflammatory response is not known. Resolution of inflammation is distinct from anti-inflammation in that rather than blunting the magnitude of the initial inflammatory response, it is the active promotion and acceleration of its decay. Defective or insufficient resolution is a hallmark of many chronic inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis and diabetes. Therefore, the overall goal of this study was to elucidate how PM exposure impacts the resolution of inflammation and how this relates to the subtle, but extensive pathological changes brought about by PM exposure. We found that in mice exposed PM
2.5
for 30 days there was a significant decrease in the abundance of specialized lipid mediators that promote resolution (SPMs) in the spleen. The changes in spleen are particularly critical due to its central role in regulating immune response dynamics and as a filter to remove senescent and damaged erythrocytes. While SPMs are known to enhance macrophage erythrophagocytosis
ex vivo
, how decreased
in vivo
abundance affects splenic function remains unclear. Therefore, we performed RNA sequencing of PM
2.5
-exposed spleens and found that numerous pathways involved in both erythrophagocytosis and myelopoiesis were significantly upregulated, including those related to myeloid cell homeostasis and development, erythrocyte differentiation, iron ion homeostasis, and heme biosynthesis and metabolism. Additionally, we identified significant alterations in circulating red blood cells, including decreased expression of CD47, a prominent marker of self and “don’t eat me signal”, on the surface of circulating erythrocytes after exposure to PM
2.5
, as well as increased red cell distribution width. Together, these data suggest that PM exposure alters red blood cells and may stimulate enhanced erythrophagocytosis in the spleen, increasing red blood cell turnover.
Collapse
|
16
|
Richardson A, Krivokhizhina T, Lorkiewicz P, D’Souza S, Bhatnagar A, Srivastava S, Conklin DJ. Effects of electronic cigarette flavorants on human platelet aggregation ex vivo. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:814-820. [PMID: 36518374 PMCID: PMC9742839 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Because little is known about the effects of individual flavorants in electronic cigarette (e-cig) fluids on human platelet aggregation, we tested for the direct effects of 15 common e-cig flavorants on adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced human platelet aggregation ex vivo. To better understand a potential mechanism of action of flavorants, we quantified 2 phases of aggregation. Human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was obtained from whole blood of healthy volunteers and used in a platelet aggregometry assay. PRP was incubated with 1 of 15 different flavorant compounds (e.g., benzyl alcohol, eugenol, citronellol, menthol, menthone, diacetyl, maltol, limonene, methylbutyric acid, isoamyl acetate, acetylpyridine, eucalyptol, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, cinnamaldehyde, and vanillin) at 100 µM for 5 min at 37 °C prior to addition of ADP (10 µM). Subsequent ADP-induced platelet aggregation was tracked for 5 min using an aggregometer. Aggregation curves were analyzed for flavorant-induced effects on total (%) aggregation, Phase 1 and Phase 2 components, and compared with their ADP-only control via One-Way ANOVA. Notably, eugenol significantly inhibited total aggregation; an effect due solely to inhibition of Phase 2. No other flavor tested had any effect on total or phase-specific ADP-induced platelet aggregation. These results indicate that parent flavorant compounds commonly found in e-cig liquids neither activate nor inhibit ADP-induced human platelet aggregation. However, as flavorants are chemically altered during heating of e-cig, thermally-derived products of flavorants (e.g., flavor acetals) also will need to be tested for effects on platelet activation.
Collapse
Key Words
- AA, arachidonic acid
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- E-cig, electronic cigarette
- ENDS,, electronic nicotine delivery systems
- Electronic cigarettes
- Electronic nicotine delivery systems
- Eugenol
- Flavorants
- GRAS, generally regarded as safe
- NO, nitric oxide
- P1,, phase 1 aggregation
- P2,, phase 2 aggregation
- PAF, platelet activating factor
- PG, propylene glycol
- PPP,, platelet-poor plasma
- PRP,, platelet-rich plasma
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Thrombosis
- Tobacco
- TxA2, thromboxane A2
- VG, vegetable glycerol
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andre Richardson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, USA,Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Tatiana Krivokhizhina
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, USA,Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, USA,Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, USA,Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Stanley D’Souza
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, USA,Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, USA,Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, USA,Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, USA,Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, USA,Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, USA,Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, USA,Correspondence to: Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston Street, Rm., 404E, Louisville, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao J, Gomes D, Jin L, Mathis SP, Li X, Rouchka EC, Bodduluri H, Conklin DJ, O'Toole TE. Polystyrene bead ingestion promotes adiposity and cardiometabolic disease in mice. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 232:113239. [PMID: 35093814 PMCID: PMC8860873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Vast amounts of plastic materials are produced in the modern world and despite recycling efforts, large amounts are disposed in water systems and landfills. Under these storage conditions, physical weathering and photochemical processes break down these materials into smaller particles of the micro- and nano-scale. In addition, ecosystems can be contaminated with plastic particles which are manufactured in these size ranges for commercial purposes. Independent of source, microplastics are abundant in the environment and have found their way into water supplies and the food cycle where human exposure is inevitable. Nevertheless, the health consequences of microplastic ingestion, inhalation, or absorption are largely unknown. In this study we sought to determine if ingestion of microplastics promoted pre-clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). To do this, we supplied mice with normal drinking water or that supplemented with polystyrene beads of two different sizes (0.5 µm and 5 µm) and two different doses (0.1 μg/ml and 1 μg/ml) each for 12 weeks and measured several indices of metabolism and glucose homeostasis. As early as 3 weeks of consumption, we observed an accelerated weight gain with a corresponding increase in body fat for some exposure groups versus the control mice. Some exposure groups demonstrated increased levels of fasting plasma glucose. Those mice consuming the smaller sized beads (0.5 µm) at the higher dose (1 μg/ml), had increased levels of fasting plasma insulin and higher homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores as well. This was accompanied by changes in the gut microbiome consistent with an obese phenotype. Using samples of perivascular adipose tissue collected from the same group, we observed changes in gene expression consistent with increased adipogenesis. These results suggest that ingestion of polystyrene beads promotes a cardiometabolic disease phenotype and thus may be an unrecognized risk factor for CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Daniel Gomes
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lexiao Jin
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Steven P Mathis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Center for Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Kentucky Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Eric C Rouchka
- Kentucky Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Haribabu Bodduluri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Center for Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Timothy E O'Toole
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lorkiewicz P, Keith R, Lynch J, Jin L, Theis W, Krivokhizhina T, Riggs D, Bhatnagar A, Srivastava S, Conklin DJ. Electronic Cigarette Solvents, JUUL E-Liquids, and Biomarkers of Exposure: In Vivo Evidence for Acrolein and Glycidol in E-Cig-Derived Aerosols. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:283-292. [PMID: 35044764 PMCID: PMC8864610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing popularity of e-cigarettes, their long-term health effects remain unknown. In animal models, exposure to e-cigarette has been reported to result in pulmonary and cardiovascular injury, and in humans, the acute use of e-cigarettes increases heart rate and blood pressure and induces endothelial dysfunction. In both animal models and humans, cardiovascular dysfunction associated with e-cigarettes has been linked to reactive aldehydes such as formaldehyde and acrolein generated in e-cigarette aerosols. These aldehydes are known products of heating and degradation of vegetable glycerin (VG) present in e-liquids. Here, we report that in mice, acute exposure to a mixture of propylene glycol:vegetable glycerin (PG:VG) or to e-cigarette-derived aerosols significantly increased the urinary excretion of acrolein and glycidol metabolites─3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid (3HPMA) and 2,3-dihydroxypropylmercapturic acid (23HPMA)─as measured by UPLC-MS/MS. In humans, the use of e-cigarettes led to an increase in the urinary levels of 23HPMA but not 3HPMA. Acute exposure of mice to aerosols derived from PG:13C3-VG significantly increased the 13C3 enrichment of both urinary metabolites 13C3-3HPMA and 13C3-23HPMA. Our stable isotope tracing experiments provide further evidence that thermal decomposition of vegetable glycerin in the e-cigarette solvent leads to generation of acrolein and glycidol. This suggests that the adverse health effects of e-cigarettes may be attributable in part to these reactive compounds formed through the process of aerosolizing nicotine. Our findings also support the notion that 23HPMA, but not 3HPMA, may be a relatively specific biomarker of e-cigarette use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Lorkiewicz
- American
Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States,Christina
Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University
of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States,Superfund
Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States,Department
of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Rachel Keith
- American
Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States,Christina
Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University
of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States,Superfund
Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States,Division
of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Jordan Lynch
- Christina
Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University
of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States,Superfund
Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Lexiao Jin
- American
Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States,Christina
Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University
of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Whitney Theis
- American
Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States,Christina
Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University
of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Tatiana Krivokhizhina
- American
Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States,Christina
Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University
of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States,Superfund
Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Daniel Riggs
- Christina
Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University
of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States,Superfund
Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States,Division
of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- American
Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States,Christina
Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University
of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States,Superfund
Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States,Division
of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- American
Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States,Christina
Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University
of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States,Superfund
Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States,Division
of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- American
Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States,Christina
Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University
of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States,Superfund
Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States,Division
of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States,. Tel.: 502-852-5836
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abouleisa RR, Salama ABM, Ou Q, Tang XL, Solanki M, Guo Y, Nong Y, McNally L, Lorkiewicz PK, Kassem KM, Ahern BM, Choudhary K, Thomas R, Huang Y, Juhardeen HR, Siddique A, Ifthikar Z, Hammad SK, El-Baz AS, Ivey KN, Conklin DJ, Satin J, Hill BG, Srivastava D, Bolli R, Mohamed TM. Transient Cell Cycle Induction in Cardiomyocytes to Treat Subacute Ischemic Heart Failure. Circulation 2022; 145:1339-1355. [PMID: 35061545 PMCID: PMC9038650 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.057641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The regenerative capacity of the heart after myocardial infarction (MI) is limited. Our previous study showed that ectopic introduction of Cdk1/CyclinB1 and Cdk4/CyclinD1 complexes (4F) promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation in 15-20% of infected cardiomyocytes
in vitro
and
in vivo
and improves cardiac function after MI in mice.
Methods:
Here, using temporal single-cell RNAseq we aimed to identify the necessary reprogramming stages during the forced cardiomyocyte proliferation with 4F on a single cell basis. Also, using rat and pig models of ischemic heart failure, we aimed to start the first preclinical testing to introduce 4F gene therapy as a candidate for the treatment of ischemia-induced heart failure.
Results:
Temporal bulk and single-cell RNAseq and further biochemical validations of mature hiPS-CMs treated with either LacZ or 4F adenoviruses revealed full cell cycle reprogramming in 15% of the cardiomyocyte population at 48 h post-infection with 4F, which was mainly associated with sarcomere disassembly and metabolic reprogramming (n=3/timepoint/group). Transient overexpression of 4F, specifically in cardiomyocytes, was achieved using a polycistronic non-integrating lentivirus (NIL) encoding the 4F; each is driven by a TNNT2 promoter (TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL). TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL or control virus was injected intramyocardially one week after MI in rats (n=10/group) or pigs (n=6-7/group). Four weeks post-injection, TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL treated animals showed significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction and scar size compared with the control virus treated animals. At four months after treatment, rats that received TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL still showed a sustained improvement in cardiac function and no obvious development of cardiac arrhythmias or systemic tumorigenesis (n=10/group).
Conclusions:
This study provides mechanistic insights into the process of forced cardiomyocyte proliferation and advances the clinical feasibility of this approach by minimizing the oncogenic potential of the cell cycle factors thanks to the use of a novel transient and cardiomyocyte-specific viral construct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riham R.E. Abouleisa
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Abou Bakr M. Salama
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY; Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Qinghui Ou
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Xian-Liang Tang
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Mitesh Solanki
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Yiru Guo
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Yibing Nong
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Lindsey McNally
- Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Pawel K. Lorkiewicz
- Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Kamal M. Kassem
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | | | | | | | - Yu Huang
- Gladstone Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Aisha Siddique
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Ifthikar
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sally K. Hammad
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY; Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ayman S. El-Baz
- Department of Bioengineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, KY
| | | | - Daniel J. Conklin
- Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | | | - Bradford G. Hill
- Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | | | - Roberto Bolli
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Tamer M.A. Mohamed
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY; Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY; Department of Bioengineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, KY; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, KY; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kuehl PJ, McDonald JD, Weber DT, Khlystov A, Nystoriak MA, Conklin DJ. Composition of aerosols from thermal degradation of flavors used in ENDS and tobacco products. Inhal Toxicol 2022; 34:319-328. [PMID: 35913821 PMCID: PMC9830633 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2022.2103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Aim: The cardiovascular toxicity of unheated and heated flavorants and their products as commonly present in electronic cigarette liquids (e-liquids) was evaluated previously in vitro. Based on the results of in vitro assays, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, menthol, and vanillin were selected to conduct a detailed chemical analysis of the aerosol generated following heating of each compound both at 250 and 750 °C. Materials and Methods: Each flavoring was heated in a drop-tube furnace within a quartz tube. The combustion atmosphere was captured using different methods to enable analysis of 308 formed compounds. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were captured with an evacuated Summa canister and assayed via gas chromatography interfaced with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Carbonyls (aldehydes and ketones) were captured using a 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridge and assayed via a high-performance liquid chromatography-ultra-violet (HPLC-UV) assay. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were captured using an XAD cartridge and filter, and extracts were assayed using GC-MS/MS. Polar compounds were assayed after derivatization of the XAD/filter extracts and analyzed via GC-MS. Conclusion: At higher temperature, both cinnamaldehyde and menthol combustion significantly increased formaldehyde and acetaldehyde levels. At higher temperature, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and menthol resulted in increased benzene concentrations. At low temperature, all four compounds led to higher levels of benzoic acid. These data show that products of thermal degradation of common flavorant compounds vary by flavorant and by temperature and include a wide variety of harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matthew A. Nystoriak
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Malovichko MV, Abplanalp WT, McFall SA, Taylor BS, Wickramasinghe NS, Sithu ID, Zelko IN, Uchida S, Hill BG, Sutaria SR, Nantz MH, Bhatnagar A, Conklin DJ, O'Toole TE, Srivastava S. Subclinical markers of cardiovascular toxicity of benzene inhalation in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 431:115742. [PMID: 34624356 PMCID: PMC8647905 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Benzene is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Recent population-based studies suggest that benzene exposure is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. However, it is unclear whether benzene exposure by itself is sufficient to induce cardiovascular toxicity. We examined the effects of benzene inhalation (50 ppm, 6 h/day, 5 days/week, 6 weeks) or HEPA-filtered air exposure on the biomarkers of cardiovascular toxicity in male C57BL/6J mice. Benzene inhalation significantly increased the biomarkers of endothelial activation and injury including endothelial microparticles, activated endothelial microparticles, endothelial progenitor cell microparticles, lung endothelial microparticles, and activated lung and endothelial microparticles while having no effect on circulating levels of endothelial adhesion molecules, endothelial selectins, and biomarkers of angiogenesis. To understand how benzene may induce endothelial injury, we exposed human aortic endothelial cells to benzene metabolites. Of the metabolites tested, trans,trans-mucondialdehyde (10 μM, 18h) was the most toxic. It induced caspases-3, -7 and -9 (intrinsic pathway) activation and enhanced microparticle formation by 2.4-fold. Levels of platelet-leukocyte aggregates, platelet macroparticles, and a proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were also significantly elevated in the blood of the benzene-exposed mice. We also found that benzene exposure increased the transcription of genes associated with endothelial cell and platelet activation in the liver; and induced inflammatory genes and suppressed cytochrome P450s in the lungs and the liver. Together, these data suggest that benzene exposure induces endothelial injury, enhances platelet activation and inflammatory processes; and circulatory levels of endothelial cell and platelet-derived microparticles and platelet-leukocyte aggregates are excellent biomarkers of cardiovascular toxicity of benzene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Malovichko
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; American Heart Association-Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Wesley T Abplanalp
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Samantha A McFall
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Breandon S Taylor
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Nalinie S Wickramasinghe
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; American Heart Association-Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Israel D Sithu
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; American Heart Association-Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Igor N Zelko
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; American Heart Association-Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Bradford G Hill
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Saurin R Sutaria
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Michael H Nantz
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; American Heart Association-Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; American Heart Association-Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Timothy E O'Toole
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; American Heart Association-Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; American Heart Association-Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jin L, Conklin DJ. A novel evaluation of endothelial dysfunction ex vivo: "Teaching an Old Drug a New Trick". Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15120. [PMID: 34755498 PMCID: PMC8579072 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many CVDs begin with endothelium dysfunction (ED), including hypertension, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis. Our assay evaluated ED in isolated murine aorta by quantifying phenylephrine-induced contractions (PE) in the presence of L-NAME, which blocked acetylcholine-induced relaxation (ACh %; >99%). The "L-NAME PE Contraction Ratio" (PECR) was defined as: "PE Tension post-L-NAME" divided by "PE Tension pre-L-NAME." We hypothesized that our novel PE Contraction Ratio would strongly correlate with alterations in endothelium function. Validation 1: PECR and ACh % values of naïve aortas were strongly and positively correlated (PECR vs. ACh %, r2 = 0.91, n = 7). Validation 2: Retrospective analyses of published aortic PECR and ACh % data of female mice exposed to filtered air, propylene glycol:vegetable glycerin (PG:VG), formaldehyde (FA), or acetaldehyde (AA) for 4d showed that the PECR in air-exposed mice (PECR = 1.43 ± 0.05, n = 16) correlated positively with the ACh % (r2 = 0.40) as seen in naïve aortas. Similarly, PECR values were significantly decreased in aortas with ED yet retained positive regression coefficients with ACh % (PG:VG r2 = 0.54; FA r2 = 0.55). Unlike other toxicants, inhaled AA significantly increased both PECR and ACh % values yet diminished their correlation (r2 = 0.09). Validation 3: To assess species-specific dependence, we tested PECR in rat aorta, and found PECR correlated with ACh % relaxation albeit less well in this aged and dyslipidemic model. Because the PECR reflects NOS function directly, it is a robust measure of both ED and vascular dysfunction. Therefore, it is a complementary index of existing tests of ED that also provides insight into mechanisms of vascular toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lexiao Jin
- American Heart Association‐Tobacco Regulation and Addiction CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- American Heart Association‐Tobacco Regulation and Addiction CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
- Superfund Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
- Division of Environmental MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zelko IN, Dassanayaka S, Malovichko MV, Howard CM, Garrett LF, Uchida S, Brittian KR, Conklin DJ, Jones SP, Srivastava S. Chronic Benzene Exposure Aggravates Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction. Toxicol Sci 2021; 185:64-76. [PMID: 34718823 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzene is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant abundant in household products, petrochemicals and cigarette smoke. Benzene is a well-known carcinogen in humans and experimental animals; however, little is known about the cardiovascular toxicity of benzene. Recent population-based studies indicate that benzene exposure is associated with an increased risk for heart failure. Nonetheless, it is unclear whether benzene exposure is sufficient to induce and/or exacerbate heart failure. We examined the effects of benzene (50 ppm, 6 h/day, 5 days/week, 6 weeks) or HEPA-filtered air exposure on transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced pressure overload in male C57BL/6J mice. Our data show that benzene exposure had no effect on cardiac function in the Sham group; however, it significantly compromised cardiac function as depicted by a significant decrease in fractional shortening and ejection fraction, as compared with TAC/Air-exposed mice. RNA-seq analysis of the cardiac tissue from the TAC/benzene-exposed mice showed a significant increase in several genes associated with adhesion molecules, cell-cell adhesion, inflammation, and stress response. In particular, neutrophils were implicated in our unbiased analyses. Indeed, immunofluorescence studies showed that TAC/benzene exposure promotes infiltration of CD11b+/S100A8+/myeloperoxidase+-positive neutrophils in the hearts by 3-fold. In vitro, the benzene metabolites, hydroquinone and catechol, induced the expression of P-selectin in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells by 5-fold and increased the adhesion of neutrophils to these endothelial cells by 1.5-2.0-fold. Benzene metabolite-induced adhesion of neutrophils to the endothelial cells was attenuated by anti-P-selectin antibody. Together, these data suggest that benzene exacerbates heart failure by promoting endothelial activation and neutrophil recruitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor N Zelko
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center.,Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Envirome Institute.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Sujith Dassanayaka
- Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Marina V Malovichko
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center.,Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Envirome Institute.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Caitlin M Howard
- Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Envirome Institute.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Lauren F Garrett
- Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Envirome Institute.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen SV, Denmark
| | - Kenneth R Brittian
- Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Envirome Institute.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center.,Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Envirome Institute.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Steven P Jones
- Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Envirome Institute.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center.,Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Envirome Institute.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jin L, Lorkiewicz P, Xie Z, Bhatnagar A, Srivastava S, Conklin DJ. Acrolein but not its metabolite, 3-Hydroxypropylmercapturic acid (3HPMA), activates vascular transient receptor potential Ankyrin-1 (TRPA1): Physiological to toxicological implications. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 426:115647. [PMID: 34271065 PMCID: PMC8343963 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acrolein, an electrophilic α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, is present in foods and beverages, and is a product of incomplete combustion, and thus, reaches high ppm levels in tobacco smoke and structural fires. Exposure to acrolein is linked with cardiopulmonary toxicity and cardiovascular disease risk. The hypothesis of this study is the direct effects of acrolein in isolated murine blood vessels (aorta and superior mesenteric artery, SMA) are transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) dependent. Using isometric myography, isolated aorta and SMA were exposed to increasing levels of acrolein. Acrolein inhibited phenylephrine (PE)-induced contractions (approximately 90%) in aorta and SMA of male and female mice in a concentration-dependent (0.01-100 μM) manner. The major metabolite of acrolein, 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid (3HPMA), also relaxed PE-precontracted SMA. As the SMA was 20× more sensitive to acrolein than aorta (SMA EC50 0.8 ± 0.2 μM; aorta EC50 > 29.4 ± 4.4 μM), the mechanisms of acrolein-induced relaxation were studied in SMA. The potency of acrolein-induced relaxation was inhibited significantly by: 1) mechanically-impaired endothelium; 2) Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME); 3) guanylyl cyclase (GC) inhibitor (ODQ); and, 4) a TRPA1 antagonist (A967079). TRPA1 positive immunofluorescence was present in the endothelium. Compared with other known TRPA1 agonists, including allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), cinnamaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, and formaldehyde, acrolein stimulated a more potent TRPA1-dependent relaxation. Acrolein, at high concentration [100 μM], induced tension oscillations (spasms) independent of TRPA1 in precontracted SMA but not in aorta. In conclusion, acrolein is vasorelaxant at low levels (physiological) yet vasotoxic at high levels (toxicological).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Jin
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - P Lorkiewicz
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Z Xie
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - A Bhatnagar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - S Srivastava
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - D J Conklin
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Haberzettl P, Jin L, Riggs DW, Zhao J, O’Toole TE, Conklin DJ. Fine particulate matter air pollution and aortic perivascular adipose tissue: Oxidative stress, leptin, and vascular dysfunction. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14980. [PMID: 34327871 PMCID: PMC8322754 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) air pollution increases blood pressure, induces vascular inflammation and dysfunction, and augments atherosclerosis in humans and rodents; however, the understanding of early changes that foster chronic vascular disease is incomplete. Because perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) inflammation is implicated in chronic vascular diseases, we investigated changes in aortic PVAT following short-term air pollution exposure. Mice were exposed to HEPA-filtered or concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP) for 9 consecutive days, and the abundance of inflammatory, adipogenic, and adipokine gene mRNAs was measured by gene array and qRT-PCR in thoracic aortic PVAT. Responses of the isolated aorta with and without PVAT to contractile (phenylephrine, PE) and relaxant agonists (acetylcholine, ACh; sodium nitroprusside, SNP) were measured. Exposure to CAP significantly increased the urinary excretion of acrolein metabolite (3HPMA) as well as the abundance of protein-acrolein adducts (a marker of oxidative stress) in PVAT and aorta, upregulated PVAT leptin mRNA expression without changing mRNA levels of several proinflammatory genes, and induced PVAT insulin resistance. In control mice, PVAT significantly depressed PE-induced contractions-an effect that was dampened by CAP exposure. Pulmonary overexpression of extracellular dismutase (ecSOD-Tg) prevented CAP-induced effects on urinary 3HPMA levels, PVAT Lep mRNA, and alterations in PVAT and aortic function, reflecting a necessary role of pulmonary oxidative stress in all of these deleterious CAP-induced changes. More research is needed to address how exactly short-term exposure to PM2.5 perturbs PVAT and aortic function, and how these specific genes and functional changes in PVAT could lead over time to chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Haberzettl
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Division of Environmental MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Lexiao Jin
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Division of Environmental MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Daniel W. Riggs
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Division of Environmental MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Timothy E. O’Toole
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Division of Environmental MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Division of Environmental MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lin Q, Huang Z, Cai G, Fan X, Yan X, Liu Z, Zhao Z, Li J, Li J, Shi H, Kong M, Zheng MH, Conklin DJ, Epstein PN, Wintergerst KA, Mohammadi M, Cai L, Li X, Li Y, Tan Y. Activating Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Mediates Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 Protection From Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. Hepatology 2021; 73:2206-2222. [PMID: 32965675 PMCID: PMC8082952 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 1 demonstrated protection against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in type 2 diabetic and obese mice by an uncertain mechanism. This study investigated the therapeutic activity and mechanism of a nonmitogenic FGF1 variant carrying 3 substitutions of heparin-binding sites (FGF1△HBS ) against NAFLD. APPROACH AND RESULTS FGF1△HBS administration was effective in 9-month-old diabetic mice carrying a homozygous mutation in the leptin receptor gene (db/db) with NAFLD; liver weight, lipid deposition, and inflammation declined and liver injury decreased. FGF1△HBS reduced oxidative stress by stimulating nuclear translocation of nuclear erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and elevation of antioxidant protein expression. FGF1△HBS also inhibited activity and/or expression of lipogenic genes, coincident with phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its substrates. Mechanistic studies on palmitate exposed hepatic cells demonstrated that NAFLD-like oxidative damage and lipid accumulation could be reversed by FGF1△HBS . In palmitate-treated hepatic cells, small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of Nrf2 abolished only FGF1△HBS antioxidative actions but not improvement of lipid metabolism. In contrast, AMPK inhibition by pharmacological agent or siRNA abolished FGF1△HBS benefits on both oxidative stress and lipid metabolism that were FGF receptor (FGFR) 4 dependent. Further support of these in vitro findings is that liver-specific AMPK knockout abolished therapeutic effects of FGF1△HBS against high-fat/high-sucrose diet-induced hepatic steatosis. Moreover, FGF1△HBS improved high-fat/high-cholesterol diet-induced steatohepatitis and fibrosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that FGF1△HBS is effective for preventing and reversing liver steatosis and steatohepatitis and acts by activation of AMPK through hepatocyte FGFR4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lin
- Pediatic Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics,
Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic
Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University,
Wenzhou, China
| | - Genxiang Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food
Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for
Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Fan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic
Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University,
Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic
Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University,
Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhengshuai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food
Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for
Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehua Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food
Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for
Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute
of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute
of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxue Shi
- Pediatic Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics,
Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Maiying Kong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University
of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, the First
Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes and Obesity Center,
University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Paul N. Epstein
- Pediatic Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics,
Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kupper A. Wintergerst
- Pediatic Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics,
Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics,
University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, Louisville, KY,
USA
| | - Moosa Mohammadi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology,
New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatic Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics,
Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, Louisville, KY,
USA
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic
Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University,
Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food
Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for
Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Pediatic Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics,
Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, Louisville, KY,
USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr. Yi
Tan at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, 570 South
Preston Street, Baxter-I Building Suite 304E, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. Phone:
502-852-2654 (O); Fax: (502) 852-5634;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tevis DS, Flores SR, Kenwood BM, Bhandari D, Jacob P, Liu J, Lorkiewicz PK, Conklin DJ, Hecht SS, Goniewicz ML, Blount BC, De Jesús VR. Harmonization of acronyms for volatile organic compound metabolites using a standardized naming system. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 235:113749. [PMID: 33962120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased interest in volatile organic compound (VOC) exposure has led to an increased need for consistent, systematic, and informative naming of VOC metabolites. As analytical methods have expanded to include many metabolites in a single assay, the number of acronyms in use for a single metabolite has expanded in an unplanned and inconsistent manner due to a lack of guidance or group consensus. Even though the measurement of VOC metabolites is a well-established means to investigate exposure to VOCs, a formal attempt to harmonize acronyms amongst investigators has not been published. The aim of this work is to establish a system of acronym naming that provides consistency in current acronym usage and a foundation for creating acronyms for future VOC metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise S Tevis
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sharon R Flores
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brandon M Kenwood
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deepak Bhandari
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Peyton Jacob
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Division of Cardiology, Clinical Pharmacology Program, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Division of Cardiology, Clinical Pharmacology Program, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pawel K Lorkiewicz
- American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Superfund Research Center, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Superfund Research Center, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maciej L Goniewicz
- Nicotine and Tobacco Product Assessment Resource, Department of Health Behavior, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Studies, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin C Blount
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Víctor R De Jesús
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
McGraw KE, Riggs DW, Rai S, Navas-Acien A, Xie Z, Lorkiewicz P, Lynch J, Zafar N, Krishnasamy S, Taylor KC, Conklin DJ, DeFilippis AP, Srivastava S, Bhatnagar A. Exposure to volatile organic compounds - acrolein, 1,3-butadiene, and crotonaldehyde - is associated with vascular dysfunction. Environ Res 2021; 196:110903. [PMID: 33636185 PMCID: PMC8119348 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Exposure to air pollution, specifically particulate matter of diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), is a well-established risk factor for CVD. However, the contribution of gaseous pollutant exposure to CVD risk is less clear. OBJECTIVE To examine the vascular effects of exposure to individual volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and mixtures of VOCs. METHODS We measured urinary metabolites of acrolein (CEMA and 3HPMA), 1,3-butadiene (DHBMA and MHBMA3), and crotonaldehyde (HPMMA) in 346 nonsmokers with varying levels of CVD risk. On the day of enrollment, we measured blood pressure (BP), reactive hyperemia index (RHI - a measure of endothelial function), and urinary levels of catecholamines and their metabolites. We used generalized linear models for evaluating the association between individual VOC metabolites and BP, RHI, and catecholamines, and we used Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) to assess exposure to VOC metabolite mixtures and BP. RESULTS We found that the levels of 3HPMA were positively associated with systolic BP (0.98 mmHg per interquartile range (IQR) of 3HPMA; CI: 0.06, 1.91; P = 0.04). Stratified analysis revealed an increased association with systolic BP in Black participants despite lower levels of urinary 3HPMA. This association was independent of PM2.5 exposure and BP medications. BKMR analysis confirmed that 3HPMA was the major metabolite associated with higher BP in the presence of other metabolites. We also found that 3HPMA and DHBMA were associated with decreased endothelial function. For each IQR of 3HPMA or DHBMA, there was a -4.4% (CI: -7.2, -0.0; P = 0.03) and a -3.9% (CI: -9.4, -0.0; P = 0.04) difference in RHI, respectively. Although in the entire cohort the levels of several urinary VOC metabolites were weakly associated with urinary catecholamines and their metabolites, in Black participants, DHBMA levels showed strong associations with urinary norepinephrine and normetanephrine levels. DISCUSSION Exposure to acrolein and 1,3-butadiene is associated with endothelial dysfunction and may contribute to elevated risk of hypertension in participants with increased sympathetic tone, particularly in Black individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katlyn E McGraw
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, USA
| | - Daniel W Riggs
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, USA
| | - Shesh Rai
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, USA; Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, 485 E Gray Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, USA; Department of Environmental Health Science, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Zhengzhi Xie
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jordan Lynch
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Nagma Zafar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Sathya Krishnasamy
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Kira C Taylor
- University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Andrew P DeFilippis
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jin L, Lynch J, Richardson A, Lorkiewicz P, Srivastava S, Theis W, Shirk G, Hand A, Bhatnagar A, Srivastava S, Conklin DJ. Electronic cigarette solvents, pulmonary irritation, and endothelial dysfunction: role of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1510-H1525. [PMID: 33543686 PMCID: PMC8260384 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00878.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
After more than a decade of electronic cigarette (E-cig) use in the United States, uncertainty persists regarding E-cig use and long-term cardiopulmonary disease risk. As all E-cigs use propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin (PG-VG) and generate abundant saturated aldehydes, mice were exposed by inhalation to PG-VG-derived aerosol, formaldehyde (FA), acetaldehyde (AA), or filtered air. Biomarkers of exposure and cardiopulmonary injury were monitored by mass spectrometry (urine metabolites), radiotelemetry (respiratory reflexes), isometric myography (aorta), and flow cytometry (blood markers). Acute PG-VG exposure significantly affected multiple biomarkers including pulmonary reflex (decreased respiratory rate, -50%), endothelium-dependent relaxation (-61.8 ± 4.2%), decreased WBC (-47 ± 7%), and, increased RBC (+6 ± 1%) and hemoglobin (+4 ± 1%) versus air control group. Notably, FA exposure recapitulated the prominent effects of PG-VG aerosol on pulmonary irritant reflex and endothelial dysfunction, whereas AA exposure did not. To attempt to link PG-VG exposure with FA or AA exposure, urinary formate and acetate levels were measured by GC-MS. Although neither FA nor AA exposure altered excretion of their primary metabolite, formate or acetate, respectively, compared with air-exposed controls, PG-VG aerosol exposure significantly increased post-exposure urinary acetate but not formate. These data suggest that E-cig use may increase cardiopulmonary disease risk independent of the presence of nicotine and/or flavorings. This study indicates that FA levels in tobacco product-derived aerosols should be regulated to levels that do not induce biomarkers of cardiopulmonary harm. There remains a need for reliable biomarkers of exposure to inhaled FA and AA.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Use of electronic cigarettes (E-cig) induces endothelial dysfunction (ED) in healthy humans, yet the specific constituents in E-cig aerosols that contribute to ED are unknown. Our study implicates formaldehyde that is formed in heating of E-cig solvents (propylene glycol, PG; vegetable glycerin, VG). Exposure to formaldehyde or PG-VG-derived aerosol alone stimulated ED in female mice. As ED was independent of nicotine and flavorants, these data reflect a "universal flaw" of E-cigs that use PG-VG.Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/e-cigarettes-aldehydes-and-endothelial-dysfunction/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lexiao Jin
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jordan Lynch
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Andre Richardson
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Shweta Srivastava
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Whitney Theis
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Gregg Shirk
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Alexis Hand
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Singh P, O'Toole TE, Conklin DJ, Hill BG, Haberzettl P. Endothelial progenitor cells as critical mediators of environmental air pollution-induced cardiovascular toxicity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1440-H1455. [PMID: 33606580 PMCID: PMC8260385 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00804.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental air pollution exposure is a leading cause of death worldwide, and with increasing industrialization and urbanization, its disease burden is expected to rise even further. The majority of air pollution exposure-associated deaths are linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although ample research demonstrates a strong correlation between air pollution exposure and CVD risk, the mechanisms by which inhalation of polluted air affects cardiovascular health are not completely understood. Inhalation of environmental air pollution has been associated with endothelial dysfunction, which suggests that air pollution exposure impacts CVD health by inducing endothelial injury. Interestingly, recent studies demonstrate that air pollution exposure affects the number and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), subpopulations of bone marrow-derived proangiogenic cells that have been shown to play an essential role in maintaining cardiovascular health. In line with their beneficial function, chronically low levels of circulating EPCs and EPC dysfunction (e.g., in diabetic patients) have been associated with vascular dysfunction, poor cardiovascular health, and increases in the severity of cardiovascular outcomes. In contrast, treatments that improve EPC number and function (e.g., exercise) have been found to attenuate cardiovascular dysfunction. Considering the critical, nonredundant role of EPCs in maintaining vascular health, air pollution exposure-induced impairments in EPC number and function could lead to endothelial dysfunction, consequently increasing the risk for CVD. This review article covers novel aspects and new mechanistic insights of the adverse effects of air pollution exposure on cardiovascular health associated with changes in EPC number and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parul Singh
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Timothy E O'Toole
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Petra Haberzettl
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Riggs DW, Yeager R, Conklin DJ, DeJarnett N, Keith RJ, DeFilippis AP, Rai SN, Bhatnagar A. Residential proximity to greenness mitigates the hemodynamic effects of ambient air pollution. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1102-H1111. [PMID: 33416460 PMCID: PMC8294702 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00689.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Residential proximity to greenness is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. However, it is unclear whether the beneficial effects of greenness are linked to a reduction in the effects of ambient air pollutants. We measured arterial stiffness in 73 participants with moderate to high CVD risk. Average levels of ambient PM2.5 and ozone were calculated from local monitoring stations. Residential greenness was estimated using satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for a 200-m and 1-km radius around each participant's home. Participants were 51% female, average age of 52 yr, and 79% had diagnosed hypertension. In multiple linear regression models, residential NDVI was negatively associated with augmentation index (-3.8% per 0.1 NDVI). Ambient levels of PM2.5 [per interquartile range (IQR) of 6.9 μg/m3] were positively associated with augmentation pressure (3.1 mmHg), pulse pressure (5.9 mmHg), and aortic systolic pressure (8.1 mmHg). Ozone (per IQR of 0.03 ppm) was positively associated with augmentation index (5.5%), augmentation pressure (3.1 mmHg), and aortic systolic pressure (10 mmHg). In areas of low greenness, both PM2.5 and ozone were positively associated with pulse pressure. Additionally, ozone was positively associated with augmentation pressure and systolic blood pressure. However, in areas of high greenness, there was no significant association between indices of arterial stiffness with either PM2.5 or ozone. Residential proximity to greenness is associated with lower values of arterial stiffness. Residential greenness may mitigate the adverse effects of PM2.5 and ozone on arterial stiffness.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previous studies have linked proximity to green spaces with lower cardiovascular disease risk. However, the mechanisms underlying the salutary effects of green areas are not known. In our study of participants at risk of cardiovascular disease, we found that arterial stiffness was positively associated with short-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and ozone and inversely associated with greenness. The association between pollution and arterial stiffness was attenuated in areas of high greenness, suggesting that living green neighborhoods can lessen the adverse cardiovascular effects of air pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Riggs
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Ray Yeager
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Natasha DeJarnett
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Rachel J Keith
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Andrew P DeFilippis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Shesh N Rai
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mohamed TMA, Conklin DJ. Emerging technology and platforms for cardiotoxicity testing. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 408:115262. [PMID: 33017593 PMCID: PMC7747951 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamer M A Mohamed
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States; Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States; Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Doherty Lyons S, Blum JL, Hoffman-Budde C, Tijerina PB, Fiel MI, Conklin DJ, Gany F, Odin JA, Zelikoff JT. Prenatal Exposure to Gutkha, a Globally Relevant Smokeless Tobacco Product, Induces Hepatic Changes in Adult Mice. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17217895. [PMID: 33126512 PMCID: PMC7662769 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Maternal exposures during pregnancy affect the onset and progression of adult diseases in the offspring. A prior mouse study indicated that maternal tobacco smoke exposure affects hepatic fibrosis in adult offspring. Gutkha, a broadly used smokeless tobacco (ST) product, is widely used by pregnant woman in many countries. The objective of this murine study was to evaluate whether oral maternal exposure to gutkha during pregnancy alters non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adult offspring: risk factors for the progression of NAFLD to cirrhosis in adults remain elusive. Buccal cavity 'painting' of pregnant mice with gutkha began on gestational days (GD) 2-4 and continued until parturition. Beginning at 12 weeks of age, a subset of offspring were transitioned to a high-fat diet (HFD). Results demonstrated that prenatal exposure to gutkha followed by an HFD in adulthood significantly increased the histologic evidence of fatty liver disease only in adult male offspring. Changes in hepatic fibrosis-related cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1b and IL-6) and in hepatic collagen mRNA expression were observed when comparing adult male offspring exposed to gutkha in utero to those not exposed. These findings indicate that maternal use of gutkha during pregnancy affects NAFLD in adult offspring in a sex-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Doherty Lyons
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (S.D.L.); (J.L.B.); (C.H.-B.); (P.B.T.)
| | - Jason L. Blum
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (S.D.L.); (J.L.B.); (C.H.-B.); (P.B.T.)
- Product Safety Labs, Dayton, NJ 08810, USA
| | - Carol Hoffman-Budde
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (S.D.L.); (J.L.B.); (C.H.-B.); (P.B.T.)
| | - Pamela B. Tijerina
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (S.D.L.); (J.L.B.); (C.H.-B.); (P.B.T.)
| | - M. Isabel Fiel
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Francesca Gany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Joseph A. Odin
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence: (J.A.O.); (J.T.Z.)
| | - Judith T. Zelikoff
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (S.D.L.); (J.L.B.); (C.H.-B.); (P.B.T.)
- Correspondence: (J.A.O.); (J.T.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Miller JM, Meki MH, Ou Q, George SA, Gams A, Abouleisa RRE, Tang XL, Ahern BM, Giridharan GA, El-Baz A, Hill BG, Satin J, Conklin DJ, Moslehi J, Bolli R, Ribeiro AJS, Efimov IR, Mohamed TMA. Heart slice culture system reliably demonstrates clinical drug-related cardiotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 406:115213. [PMID: 32877659 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The limited availability of human heart tissue and its complex cell composition are major limiting factors for the reliable testing of drug efficacy and toxicity. Recently, we developed functional human and pig heart slice biomimetic culture systems that preserve the viability and functionality of 300 μm heart slices for up to 6 days. Here, we tested the reliability of this culture system for testing the cardiotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs. We tested three anti-cancer drugs (doxorubicin, trastuzumab, and sunitinib) with known different mechanisms of cardiotoxicity at three concentrations and assessed the effect of these drugs on heart slice viability, structure, function and gene expression. Slices incubated with any of these drugs for 48 h showed diminished in viability as well as loss of cardiomyocyte structure and function. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing of doxorubicin-treated tissues demonstrated a significant downregulation of cardiac genes and upregulation of oxidative stress responses. Trastuzumab treatment downregulated cardiac muscle contraction-related genes consistent with its clinically known effect on cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, sunitinib treatment resulted in significant downregulation of angiogenesis-related genes, in line with its mechanism of action. Similar to hiPS-derived-cardiomyocytes, heart slices recapitulated the expected toxicity of doxorubicin and trastuzumab, however, slices were superior in detecting sunitinib cardiotoxicity and mechanism in the clinically relevant concentration range of 0.1-1 μM. These results indicate that heart slice culture models have the potential to become a reliable platform for testing and elucidating mechanisms of drug cardiotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Miller
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Moustafa H Meki
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Qinghui Ou
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sharon A George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anna Gams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Riham R E Abouleisa
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xian-Liang Tang
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Brooke M Ahern
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | | | - Ayman El-Baz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jonathan Satin
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Javid Moslehi
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Oncology Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, USA
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Alexandre J S Ribeiro
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Translational Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Tamer M A Mohamed
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tobacco smoking is the most significant modifiable risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exposure to mainstream cigarette smoke (MCS) is associated with CVD through the development of endothelial dysfunction, a condition characterized by an imbalance of vasoactive factors in the vasculature. This dysfunction is thought to be induced in part by aldehydes generated at high levels in MCS. RECENT FINDINGS Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) may also pose CVD risk. Although the health effects of e-cigs are still largely unknown, the presence of aldehydes in e-cig aerosol suggests that e-cigs may induce adverse cardiovascular outcomes similar to those seen with MCS exposure. Herein, we review studies of traditional and emerging tobacco product use, shared harmful and potentially harmful constituents, and measures of biomarkers of harm (endothelial dysfunction) to examine a potential and distinct role of aldehydes in cardiovascular harm associated with cigarette and e-cig use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Lynch
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
- Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
- University of Louisville American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Lexiao Jin
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Andre Richardson
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- University of Louisville American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- University of Louisville American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang K, Dai X, He J, Yan X, Yang C, Fan X, Sun S, Chen J, Xu J, Deng Z, Fan J, Yuan X, Liu H, Carlson EC, Shen F, Wintergerst KA, Conklin DJ, Epstein PN, Lu C, Tan Y. Endothelial Overexpression of Metallothionein Prevents Diabetes-Induced Impairment in Ischemia Angiogenesis Through Preservation of HIF-1α/SDF-1/VEGF Signaling in Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Diabetes 2020; 69:1779-1792. [PMID: 32404351 PMCID: PMC7519474 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes-induced oxidative stress is one of the major contributors to dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and impaired endothelial regeneration. Thus, we tested whether increasing antioxidant protein metallothionein (MT) in EPCs promotes angiogenesis in a hind limb ischemia (HLI) model in endothelial MT transgenic (JTMT) mice with high-fat diet- and streptozocin-induced diabetes. Compared with littermate wild-type (WT) diabetic mice, JTMT diabetic mice had improved blood flow recovery and angiogenesis after HLI. Similarly, transplantation of JTMT bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) stimulated greater blood flow recovery in db/db mice with HLI than did WT BM-MNCs. The improved recovery was associated with augmented EPC mobilization and angiogenic function. Further, cultured EPCs from patients with diabetes exhibited decreased MT expression, increased cell apoptosis, and impaired tube formation, while cultured JTMT EPCs had enhanced cell survival, migration, and tube formation in hypoxic/hyperglycemic conditions compared with WT EPCs. Mechanistically, MT overexpression enhanced hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and reduced oxidative stress in ischemic tissues. MT's pro-EPC effects were abrogated by siRNA knockdown of HIF-1α without affecting its antioxidant action. These results indicate that endothelial MT overexpression is sufficient to protect against diabetes-induced impairment of angiogenesis by promoting EPC function, most likely through upregulation of HIF-1α/SDF-1/VEGF signaling and reducing oxidative stress.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Cell Survival/physiology
- Chemokine CXCL12/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/prevention & control
- Endothelial Progenitor Cells/metabolism
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Hindlimb/pathology
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Ischemia/genetics
- Ischemia/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Male
- Metallothionein/genetics
- Metallothionein/metabolism
- Mice
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Oxidative Stress/genetics
- Oxidative Stress/physiology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Xiaozhen Dai
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Junhong He
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengkui Yang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Xia Fan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shiyue Sun
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Jianxiang Xu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Zhongbin Deng
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Jiawei Fan
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohuan Yuan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hairong Liu
- Experimental Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Edward C Carlson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Feixia Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kupper A Wintergerst
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Norton Children's Medical Group, Louisville, KY
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, Louisville, KY
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Paul N Epstein
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, Louisville, KY
| | - Chaosheng Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, Louisville, KY
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lynch J, Jin L, Richardson A, Jagatheesan G, Lorkiewicz P, Xie Z, Theis WS, Shirk G, Malovichko MV, Bhatnagar A, Srivastava S, Conklin DJ. Acute and chronic vascular effects of inhaled crotonaldehyde in mice: Role of TRPA1. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 402:115120. [PMID: 32634517 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although crotonaldehyde (CR) is an abundant α,β-unsaturated aldehyde in mainstream cigarette smoke (MCS), the cardiovascular toxicity of inhaled CR is largely unexplored. Thus, male C57BL/6 J mice were exposed acutely (1 h, 6 h, and 4d) and chronically (12 weeks) to CR (at levels relevant to MCS; 1 and 3 ppm), and cardiovascular and systemic outcomes were measured in vivo and in vitro. Diastolic blood pressure was decreased (hypotension) by both acute and chronic CR exposure. Vascular toxicity of inhaled CR was quantified in isolated aorta in response to agonists of contraction (phenylephrine, PE) and relaxation (acetylcholine, ACh; sodium nitroprusside, SNP). Although no change in contractility was observed, ACh-induced relaxations were augmented after both acute and chronic CR exposures whereas SNP-induced relaxation was enhanced only following 3 ppm CR exposure. Because CR is a known agonist of the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel, male TRPA1-null mice were exposed to air or CR (4d, 1 ppm) and aortic function assessed in vitro. CR exposure had no effect on TRPA1-null aortic function indicating a role of TRPA1 in CR effects in C57BL/6 J mice. Notably, CR exposure (4d, 1 ppm) had no effect on aortic function in female C57BL/6 J mice. This study shows that CR inhalation exposure induces real-time and persistent vascular changes that promote hypotension-a known risk factor for stroke. Because of continued widespread exposures of humans to combustion-derived CR (environmental and tobacco products), CR may be an important cardiovascular disease risk factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, United States of America; Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, United States of America; Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, United States of America; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, United States of America.
| | - Lexiao Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, United States of America; Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, United States of America; Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, United States of America.
| | - Andre Richardson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, United States of America; Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, United States of America; Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, United States of America.
| | - Ganapathy Jagatheesan
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, United States of America; Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, United States of America.
| | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, United States of America; Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, United States of America; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, United States of America.
| | - Zhengzhi Xie
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, United States of America; Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, United States of America; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, United States of America.
| | - Whitney S Theis
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, United States of America; Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, United States of America.
| | - Gregg Shirk
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, United States of America; Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, United States of America.
| | - Marina V Malovichko
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, United States of America; Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, United States of America; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, United States of America; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America.
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, United States of America; Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, United States of America; Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, United States of America; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, United States of America; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America.
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, United States of America; Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, United States of America; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, United States of America; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America.
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, United States of America; Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, United States of America; Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, United States of America; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, United States of America; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jin L, Jagatheesan G, Lynch J, Guo L, Conklin DJ. Crotonaldehyde-induced vascular relaxation and toxicity: Role of endothelium and transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 398:115012. [PMID: 32320793 PMCID: PMC7375699 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Crotonaldehyde (CR) is an electrophilic α,β-unsaturated aldehyde present in foods and beverages and is a minor metabolite of 1,3-butadiene. CR is a product of incomplete combustion, and is at high levels in smoke of cigarettes and structural fires. Exposure to CR has been linked to cardiopulmonary toxicity and cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the direct effects of CR in murine blood vessels (aorta and superior mesenteric artery, SMA) using an in vitro system. METHODS AND RESULTS CR induced concentration-dependent (1-300 μM) relaxations (75-80%) in phenylephrine (PE) precontracted aorta and SMA. Because the SMA was 20× more sensitive to CR than aorta (SMA EC50 3.8 ± 0.5 μM; aorta EC50 76.0 ± 2.0 μM), mechanisms of CR relaxation were studied in SMA. The CR-induced relaxation at low concentrations (1-30 μM) was inhibited by: 1) mechanically-impaired endothelium; 2) Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME); 3) guanylyl cyclase (GC) inhibitor (ODQ); 4) transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) antagonist (A967079); and, 5) by non-vasoactive level of nicotine (1 μM). Similarly, a TRPA1 agonist, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC; mustard oil), stimulated SMA relaxation dependent on TRPA1, endothelium, NO, and GC. Consistent with these mechanisms, TRPA1 was present in the SMA endothelium. CR, at higher concentrations (100-300 μM), induced tension oscillations (spasms) and irreversibly impaired contractility (a vasotoxic effect enhanced by impaired endothelium). CONCLUSIONS CR relaxation depends on a functional endothelium and TRPA1, whereas vasotoxicity is enhanced by endothelium dysfunction. Thus, CR is both vasoactive and vasotoxic along a concentration continuum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - G Jagatheesan
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - J Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - L Guo
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - D J Conklin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jin L, Jagatheesan G, Lynch J, Guo L, Conklin DJ. Corrigendum to "Crotonaldehyde-induced vascular relaxation and toxicity: Role of endothelium and Transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1)" [Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 398 (2020) 115012]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 401:115114. [PMID: 32598891 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - G Jagatheesan
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - J Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - L Guo
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - D J Conklin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhao J, Conklin DJ, Guo Y, Zhang X, Obal D, Guo L, Jagatheesan G, Katragadda K, He L, Yin X, Prodhan MAI, Shah J, Hoetker D, Kumar A, Kumar V, Wempe MF, Bhatnagar A, Baba SP. Cardiospecific Overexpression of ATPGD1 (Carnosine Synthase) Increases Histidine Dipeptide Levels and Prevents Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015222. [PMID: 32515247 PMCID: PMC7429021 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with complex pathophysiological changes characterized by pH imbalance, the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products acrolein and 4-hydroxy trans-2-nonenal, and the depletion of ATP levels. Cardioprotective interventions, designed to address individual mediators of I/R injury, have shown limited efficacy. The recently identified enzyme ATPGD1 (Carnosine Synthase), which synthesizes histidyl dipeptides such as carnosine, has the potential to counteract multiple effectors of I/R injury by buffering intracellular pH and quenching lipid peroxidation products and may protect against I/R injury. METHODS AND RESULTS We report here that β-alanine and carnosine feeding enhanced myocardial carnosine levels and protected the heart against I/R injury. Cardiospecific overexpression of ATPGD1 increased myocardial histidyl dipeptides levels and protected the heart from I/R injury. Isolated cardiac myocytes from ATPGD1-transgenic hearts were protected against hypoxia reoxygenation injury. The overexpression of ATPGD1 prevented the accumulation of acrolein and 4-hydroxy trans-2-nonenal-protein adducts in ischemic hearts and delayed acrolein or 4-hydroxy trans-2-nonenal-induced hypercontracture in isolated cardiac myocytes. Changes in the levels of ATP, high-energy phosphates, intracellular pH, and glycolysis during low-flow ischemia in the wild-type mice hearts were attenuated in the ATPGD1-transgenic hearts. Two natural dipeptide analogs (anserine and balenine) that can either quench aldehydes or buffer intracellular pH, but not both, failed to protect against I/R injury. CONCLUSIONS Either exogenous administration or enhanced endogenous formation of histidyl dipeptides prevents I/R injury by attenuating changes in intracellular pH and preventing the accumulation of lipid peroxidation derived aldehydes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleKY
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleKY
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleKY
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleKY
| | - Yiru Guo
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleKY
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LouisvilleKY
| | - Detlef Obal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative and Pain MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA
| | - Luping Guo
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleKY
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleKY
| | - Ganapathy Jagatheesan
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleKY
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleKY
| | - Kartik Katragadda
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleKY
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleKY
| | - Liqing He
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LouisvilleKY
| | - Xinmin Yin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LouisvilleKY
| | | | - Jasmit Shah
- Department of MedicineThe Aga Khan UniversityMedical CollegeNairobiKenya
| | - David Hoetker
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleKY
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleKY
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ColoradoDenverCO
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ColoradoDenverCO
| | - Michael F. Wempe
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ColoradoDenverCO
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleKY
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleKY
| | - Shahid P. Baba
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleKY
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleKY
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lorkiewicz P, Riggs DW, Keith RJ, Conklin DJ, Xie Z, Sutaria S, Lynch B, Srivastava S, Bhatnagar A. Comparison of Urinary Biomarkers of Exposure in Humans Using Electronic Cigarettes, Combustible Cigarettes, and Smokeless Tobacco. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 21:1228-1238. [PMID: 29868926 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is associated with an increase in cardiovascular disease risk, attributable in part to reactive volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). However, little is known about the extent of VOC exposure due to the use of other tobacco products. METHODS We recruited 48 healthy, tobacco users in four groups: cigarette, smokeless tobacco, occasional users of first generation e-cigarette and e-cigarette menthol and 12 healthy nontobacco users. After abstaining for 48 h, tobacco users used an assigned product. Urine was collected at baseline followed by five collections over a 3-h period to measure urinary metabolites of VOCs, nicotine, and tobacco alkaloids. RESULTS Urinary levels of nicotine were ≃2-fold lower in occasional e-cigarette and smokeless tobacco users than in the cigarette smokers; cotinine and 3-hydroxycotinine levels were similar in all groups. Compared with nontobacco users, e-cigarette users had higher levels of urinary metabolites of xylene, cyanide, styrene, ethylbenzene, and benzene at baseline and elevated urinary levels of metabolites of xylene, N,N-dimethylformamide, and acrylonitrile after e-cigarette use. Metabolites of acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and 1,3-butadiene were significantly higher in smokers than in users of other products or nontobacco users. VOC metabolite levels in smokeless tobacco group were comparable to those found in nonusers with the exception of xylene metabolite-2-methylhippuric acid (2MHA), which was almost three fold higher than in nontobacco users. CONCLUSIONS Smoking results in exposure to a range of VOCs at concentrations higher than those observed with other products, and first generation e-cigarette use is associated with elevated levels of N,N-dimethylformamide and xylene metabolites. IMPLICATIONS This study shows that occasional users of first generation e-cigarettes have lower levels of nicotine exposure than the users of combustible cigarettes. Compared with combustible cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and smokeless tobacco products deliver lower levels of most VOCs, with the exception of xylene, N,N-dimethylformamide, and acrylonitrile, whose metabolite levels were higher in the urine of e-cigarette users than nontobacco users. Absence of anatabine in the urine of e-cigarette users suggests that measuring urinary levels of this alkaloid may be useful in distinguishing between users of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes. However, these results have to be validated in a larger cohortcomprised of users of e-cigarettes of multiple brands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Lorkiewicz
- American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, and Institute of Molecular Cardiology and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Daniel W Riggs
- American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, and Institute of Molecular Cardiology and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Rachel J Keith
- American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, and Institute of Molecular Cardiology and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, and Institute of Molecular Cardiology and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Zhengzhi Xie
- American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, and Institute of Molecular Cardiology and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Saurin Sutaria
- American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, and Institute of Molecular Cardiology and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Blake Lynch
- American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, and Institute of Molecular Cardiology and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, and Institute of Molecular Cardiology and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, and Institute of Molecular Cardiology and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Basner
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Daniel W Riggs
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute University of Louisville Louisville KY.,Diabetes & Obesity Center University of Louisville Louisville KY.,Superfund Research Center University of Louisville Louisville KY.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health School of Public Health and Information Sciences University of Louisville Louisville KY
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute University of Louisville Louisville KY.,Diabetes & Obesity Center University of Louisville Louisville KY.,Superfund Research Center University of Louisville Louisville KY.,Division of Environmental Medicine Department of Medicine University of Louisville Louisville KY
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abplanalp WT, Wickramasinghe NS, Sithu SD, Conklin DJ, Xie Z, Bhatnagar A, Srivastava S, O'Toole TE. Benzene Exposure Induces Insulin Resistance in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2020; 167:426-437. [PMID: 30346588 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzene is a ubiquitous pollutant associated with hematotoxicity but its metabolic effects are unknown. We sought to determine if and how exposure to volatile benzene impacted glucose handling. We exposed wild type C57BL/6 mice to volatile benzene (50 ppm × 6 h/day) or HEPA-filtered air for 2 or 6 weeks and measured indices of oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin signaling. Compared with air controls, we found that mice inhaling benzene demonstrated increased plasma glucose (p = .05), insulin (p = .03), and HOMA-IR (p = .05), establishing a state of insulin and glucose intolerance. Moreover, insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation was diminished in the liver (p = .001) and skeletal muscle (p = .001) of benzene-exposed mice, accompanied by increases in oxidative stress and Nf-κb phosphorylation (p = .025). Benzene-exposed mice also demonstrated elevated levels of Mip1-α transcripts and Socs1 (p = .001), but lower levels of Irs-2 tyrosine phosphorylation (p = .0001). Treatment with the superoxide dismutase mimetic, TEMPOL, reversed benzene-induced effects on oxidative stress, Nf-κb phosphorylation, Socs1 expression, Irs-2 tyrosine phosphorylation, and systemic glucose intolerance. These findings suggest that exposure to benzene induces insulin resistance and that this may be a sensitive indicator of inhaled benzene toxicity. Persistent ambient benzene exposure may be a heretofore unrecognized contributor to the global human epidemics of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley T Abplanalp
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - Nalinie S Wickramasinghe
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292.,Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292.,University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Srinivas D Sithu
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292.,Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292.,University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292.,Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292.,University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Zhengzhi Xie
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292.,Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292.,University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292.,Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292.,University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292.,Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292.,University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Timothy E O'Toole
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292.,Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292.,University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Malovichko MV, Zeller I, Krivokhizhina TV, Xie Z, Lorkiewicz P, Agarwal A, Wickramasinghe N, Sithu SD, Shah J, O'Toole T, Rai SN, Bhatnagar A, Conklin DJ, Srivastava S. Systemic Toxicity of Smokeless Tobacco Products in Mice. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 21:101-110. [PMID: 30085294 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Smokeless tobacco products such as snuff and snus are used worldwide. However, little is known about the systemic and cardiovascular toxicity of smokeless tobacco exposure. Methods Biomarkers of endothelial activation and injury, immune functions, platelet activation and insulin resistance were measured in 8-week old male C57BL/6 mice exposed to commercial snuff, CRP-2 reference snuff, commercial snus, CRP-1 reference snus, and nicotine in drinking water (100 µg/mL) for 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Results Twenty-four weeks of exposure to smokeless tobacco products or nicotine significantly decreased the levels of circulating Flk+/Sca+ endothelial progenitor cells. Twelve and 24 weeks of exposure to all the smokeless tobacco products and nicotine significantly decreased the levels of circulating CD19+ B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD11b+ monocytes, whereas 4 weeks of exposure to Camel snus and Copenhagen snuff significantly depleted the levels of peripheral blood CD19+ B cells and CD11b+ monocytes. Twenty-four weeks of exposure to smokeless tobacco products or nicotine significantly decreased plasma IFNγ levels. However, plasma TNFα levels were significantly increased in mice exposed to Copenhagen snuff or nicotine for 24 weeks. This was accompanied by a five to sevenfold increase in the hepatic expression of TNFα. Neither smokeless products nor nicotine affected plasma lipoproteins, platelet activation, or systemic insulin sensitivity. Conclusions Chronic exposure to snuff and snus suppresses circulating levels of EPCs, endothelial microparticles and immune cells, but increases plasma TNF-α levels. These effects of smokeless tobacco products are attributable, at least in part, to nicotine. Implications Exposure to smokeless tobacco products results in the depletion of endothelial progenitor cells, which may impair the endothelium repair. Suppression of the circulating levels of immune cells upon exposure to smokeless tobacco products may increase the susceptibility to secondary infection. Increased formation of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα by nicotine or Copenhagen snuff may lead to vascular inflammation and thereby exacerbate atherogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Malovichko
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Iris Zeller
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Tatiana V Krivokhizhina
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Zhengzhi Xie
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Abhinav Agarwal
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Nalinie Wickramasinghe
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Srinivas D Sithu
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Jasmit Shah
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Timothy O'Toole
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Shesh N Rai
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Orimoloye OA, Uddin SMI, Chen LC, Osei AD, Mirbolouk M, Malovichko MV, Sithu ID, Dzaye O, Conklin DJ, Srivastava S, Blaha MJ. Electronic cigarettes and insulin resistance in animals and humans: Results of a controlled animal study and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2013-2016). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226744. [PMID: 31891598 PMCID: PMC6938328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The popularity of electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) has risen considerably. Several studies have suggested that nicotine may affect insulin resistance, however, the impact of E-cigarette exposure on insulin resistance, an early measure of cardiometabolic risk, is not known. METHODS AND RESULTS Using experimental animals and human data obtained from 3,989 participants of the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), respectively, we assessed the association between E-cigarette and conventional cigarette exposures and insulin resistance, as modelled using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glucose tolerance tests (GTT). C57BL6/J mice (on standard chow diet) exposed to E-cigarette aerosol or mainstream cigarette smoke (MCS) for 12 weeks showed HOMA-IR and GTT levels comparable with filtered air-exposed controls. In the NHANES cohort, there was no significant association between defined tobacco product use categories (non-users; sole E-cigarette users; cigarette smokers and dual users) and insulin resistance. Compared with non-users of e-cigarettes/conventional cigarettes, sole E-cigarette users showed no significant difference in HOMA-IR or GTT levels following adjustment for age, sex, race, physical activity, alcohol use and BMI. CONCLUSION E-cigarettes do not appear to be linked with insulin resistance. Our findings may inform future studies assessing potential cardiometabolic harms associated with E-cigarette use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olusola A. Orimoloye
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - S. M. Iftekhar Uddin
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lung-Chi Chen
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, United States of America
| | - Albert D. Osei
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mohammadhassan Mirbolouk
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marina V. Malovichko
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Israel D. Sithu
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Omar Dzaye
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Blaha
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jin L, Lorkiewicz P, Malovichko MV, Bhatnagar A, Srivastava S, Conklin DJ. Acetaldehyde Induces an Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation of Superior Mesenteric Artery: Potential Role in Postprandial Hyperemia. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1315. [PMID: 31695624 PMCID: PMC6817488 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaldehyde (AA) is a small, ubiquitous compound present in foods, beverages, as a gas phase combustion product, and also endogenously generated from metabolism as from ethanol (EtOH). Acetate is a short chain fatty acid derived from AA oxidation, and acetate levels were significantly higher in urine collected overnight with food provided ad libitum compared with urine collected after 9 h fasting. Feeding increases gastrointestinal blood flow, and thus, we explored the direct effects of AA (and acetate) in isolated murine superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Over the concentration range of 1–100 mM, AA strongly, and reversibly relaxed agonist-induced contractions of SMA including phenylephrine (PE), thromboxane A2 analog (U46,619) and high potassium (High K+) without toxicity. The sensitivity (EC50) but not the efficacy (>90% relaxation of PE-precontraction) of AA-induced relaxations was dependent on blood vessel (SMA was 3× more sensitive than aorta) and contractile agonist (PE EC50 = 3.3 ± 0.4 mM; U46,619 EC50 = 14.9 ± 1.5 mM; and High K+ EC50 = 17.7 ± 0.5 mM) yet independent of circadian cycle and sex. The most sensitive component of the AA-induced relaxation was inhibited significantly by: (1) a mechanically impaired endothelium; (2) nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor (L-NAME); and (3) a guanylyl cyclase (GC) inhibitor (ODQ). Both acetate and EtOH stimulated much weaker relaxations in SMA than did AA, yet these relaxations were significantly inhibited by L-NAME as well. Neither EtOH nor acetate relaxed pre-contracted aorta. Although neither cyanamide, a non-specific aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme inhibitor, nor Alda-1, a specific activator of ALDH2 activity, had any effect on either sensitivity or efficacy of AA-induced relaxation in SMA, cyanamide significantly blocked both EtOH- and acetate-induced relaxations in SMA implicating a role of ALDH activity in vasorelaxation. These data show that AA relaxes SMA via an endothelium- and NO-dependent mechanism indicating that AA may be one component of the complex post-prandial hyperemia reflex via vasodilatation of mesenteric vasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lexiao Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Marina V Malovichko
- Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nystoriak MA, Kilfoil PJ, Lorkiewicz PK, Ramesh B, Kuehl PJ, McDonald J, Bhatnagar A, Conklin DJ. Comparative effects of parent and heated cinnamaldehyde on the function of human iPSC-derived cardiac myocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104648. [PMID: 31518667 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Many e-cigarette products contain cinnamaldehyde as a primary constituent of cinnamon flavorings. When used as a food additive, cinnamaldehyde is generally regarded as safe for ingestion. However, little is known about the effects of cinnamaldehyde or its degradation products, generated after heating and inhalation, which may lead to elevated circulatory exposure to the heart. Hence, in this study, we tested the in vitro cardiac toxicity of cinnamaldehyde and its thermal degradation products generated by heating at low (200 ± 50 °C) and high temperatures (700 ± 50 °C) on the contractility, rhythmicity and electrical signaling properties of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Cellular impedance measurements on spontaneously beating hiPSC-CMs revealed that cinnamaldehyde significantly alters contraction-dependent signal amplitude, beating rate, and cell morphology. These effects were attenuated after cinnamaldehyde was subjected to heating at low or high temperatures. Current clamp analysis of hiPSC-CM action potentials (APs) showed only modest effects of acute application of 1-100 μM cinnamaldehyde on resting membrane potential, while prolonged (~20 min) application of 100 μM cinnamaldehyde resulted in progressive depolarization and loss of rhythmic AP spiking activity. Collectively, these results suggest that micromolar levels of cinnamaldehyde could alter cardiac excitability, in part by impairing the processes that regulate membrane potential and depolarization. Our results further suggest that heating cinnamaldehyde by itself does not directly lead to the formation of products with greater cardiotoxicity in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Nystoriak
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America.
| | - Peter J Kilfoil
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States of America
| | - Pawel K Lorkiewicz
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States of America
| | - Bhargav Ramesh
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States of America
| | - Philip J Kuehl
- Lovelace Biomedical, Albuquerque, NM 87108-5127, United States of America
| | - Jacob McDonald
- Lovelace Biomedical, Albuquerque, NM 87108-5127, United States of America
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Boakye AA, Zhang D, Guo L, Zheng Y, Hoetker D, Zhao J, Posa DK, Ng CK, Zheng H, Kumar A, Kumar V, Wempe MF, Bhatnagar A, Conklin DJ, Baba SP. Carnosine Supplementation Enhances Post Ischemic Hind Limb Revascularization. Front Physiol 2019; 10:751. [PMID: 31312142 PMCID: PMC6614208 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
High (millimolar) concentrations of the histidine containing dipeptide - carnosine (β-alanine-L-histidine) are present in the skeletal muscle. The dipeptide has been shown to buffer intracellular pH, chelate transition metals, and scavenge lipid peroxidation products; however, its role in protecting against tissue injury remains unclear. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that carnosine protects against post ischemia by augmenting HIF-1α angiogenic signaling by Fe2+ chelation. We found that wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice, subjected to hind limb ischemia (HLI) and supplemented with carnosine (1g/L) in drinking water, had improved blood flow recovery and limb function, enhanced revascularization and regeneration of myocytes compared with HLI mice placed on water alone. Carnosine supplementation enhanced the bioavailability of carnosine in the ischemic limb, which was accompanied by increased expression of proton-coupled oligopeptide transporters. Consistent with our hypothesis, carnosine supplementation augmented HIF-1α and VEGF expression in the ischemic limb and the mobilization of proangiogenic Flk-1+/Sca-1+ cells into circulation. Pretreatment of murine myoblast (C2C12) cells with octyl-D-carnosine or carnosine enhanced HIF-1α protein expression, VEGF mRNA levels and VEGF release under hypoxic conditions. Similarly pretreatment of WT C57/Bl6 mice with carnosine showed enhanced blood flow in the ischemic limb following HLI surgery. In contrast, pretreatment of hypoxic C2C12 cells with methylcarcinine, a carnosine analog, lacking Fe2+ chelating capacity, had no effect on HIF-1α levels and VEGF release. Collectively, these data suggest that carnosine promotes post ischemic revascularization via augmentation of pro-angiogenic HIF-1α/VEGF signaling, possibly by Fe2+ chelation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adjoa A. Boakye
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Luping Guo
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Yuting Zheng
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - David Hoetker
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Dheeraj Kumar Posa
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Chin K. Ng
- Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Huaiyu Zheng
- Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Michael F. Wempe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Shahid P. Baba
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Finch J, Riggs DW, O’Toole TE, Pope CA, Bhatnagar A, Conklin DJ. Acute exposure to air pollution is associated with novel changes in blood levels of endothelin-1 and circulating angiogenic cells in young, healthy adults. AIMS Environ Sci 2019; 6:265-276. [PMID: 32309625 PMCID: PMC7164546 DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2019.4.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acute and chronic exposures to particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). A hypothesized mechanism linking PM2.5 exposure and CVD is the induction of endothelial dysfunction - a key step to increased CVD risk. Although PM2.5 exposure is associated with endothelial dysfunction and the vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) is upregulated in endothelial dysfunction, the effects of PM2.5 on ET-1 and whether or not ET-1 mediates the downstream effects of PM2.5 are unclear. In addition to examining associations between acute changes in ambient PM2.5 and circulating levels of ET-1, we also looked at whether changes in ET-1 were associated with changes in markers of vascular health and systemic injury. For example, endothelial function is maintained in part by circulating angiogenic cell (CAC)-mediated repair, and our recent studies show that CACs in humans and mice are decreased by ambient PM2.5 exposure. In the current study, we recruited young, healthy adults who were exposed to natural variations in PM2.5, and we analyzed associations between PM2.5 and circulating levels of ET-1, between ET-1 and CACs, and between ET-1 and other biomarkers of injury using linear regression analyses. Surprisingly, ET-1 levels were negatively associated with PM2.5 levels (β = -0.773, P = 0.0005), yet, in contrast, positively associated with two CACs: CAC-2 (CD31+/CD34+/CD45+) and CAC-4 (CD31+/CD34+/CD45+/CD133+). Interestingly, ET-1 levels were negatively associated with some biomarkers (platelet factor 4, β = -0.148, P = 0.0003; triglycerides, β = -0.095, P = 0.041) and positively with other biomarkers: albumin (β = 0.035, P = 0.006) and IL-lβ (β = 0.082, P = 0.012). These findings further reveal the insidious nature of PI2.5's anti-angiogenic effect including a novel relationship between ET-1 and CACs in young adults exposed to acute elevations of air pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Finch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E. Muhammad Ali Boulevard, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Daniel W. Riggs
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E. Muhammad Ali Boulevard, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Timothy E. O’Toole
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E. Muhammad Ali Boulevard, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500 S. Preston Street Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - C. Arden Pope
- Department of Economics, College of Family, Home, and Social Sciences, Brigham Young University, E 1060 N Street, Provo, UT 84604, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E. Muhammad Ali Boulevard, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500 S. Preston Street Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E. Muhammad Ali Boulevard, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500 S. Preston Street Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Background Exposure to fine airborne particulate matter ( PM 2.5) induces quantitative and qualitative defects in bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells of mice, and similar outcomes in humans may contribute to vascular dysfunction and the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with PM 2.5 exposure. Nevertheless, mechanisms underlying the pervasive effects of PM 2.5 are unclear and effective interventional strategies to mitigate against PM 2.5 toxicity are lacking. Furthermore, whether PM 2.5 exposure affects other types of bone marrow stem cells leading to additional hematological or immunological dysfunction is not clear. Methods and Results Mice given normal drinking water or that supplemented with carnosine, a naturally occurring, nucleophilic di-peptide that binds reactive aldehydes, were exposed to filtered air or concentrated ambient particles. Mice drinking normal water and exposed to concentrated ambient particles demonstrated a depletion of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells but no change in mesenchymal stem cells. However, HSC depletion was significantly attenuated when the mice were placed on drinking water containing carnosine. Carnosine supplementation also increased the levels of carnosine-propanal conjugates in the urine of CAPs-exposed mice and prevented the concentrated ambient particles-induced dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells as assessed by in vitro and in vivo assays. Conclusions These results suggest that exposure to PM 2.5 has pervasive effects on different bone marrow stem cell populations and that PM 2.5-induced hematopoietic stem cells depletion, endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction, and defects in vascular repair can be mitigated by excess carnosine. Carnosine supplementation may be a viable approach for preventing PM 2.5-induced immune dysfunction and cardiovascular injury in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Abplanalp
- 1 Department of Medicine Diabetes and Obesity Center University of Louisville KY
| | - Petra Haberzettl
- 1 Department of Medicine Diabetes and Obesity Center University of Louisville KY.,2 Envirome Institute University of Louisville KY
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- 1 Department of Medicine Diabetes and Obesity Center University of Louisville KY.,2 Envirome Institute University of Louisville KY
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- 1 Department of Medicine Diabetes and Obesity Center University of Louisville KY.,2 Envirome Institute University of Louisville KY
| | - Timothy E O'Toole
- 1 Department of Medicine Diabetes and Obesity Center University of Louisville KY.,2 Envirome Institute University of Louisville KY
| |
Collapse
|