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Harvey M, Cisek R, Tokarz D, Kreplak L. Effect of out of plane orientation on polarization second harmonic generation of single collagen fibrils. Biomed Opt Express 2023; 14:6271-6282. [PMID: 38420315 PMCID: PMC10898559 DOI: 10.1364/boe.504304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has emerged as a powerful technique for visualizing collagen organization within tissues. Amongst the many advantages of SHG is its sensitivity to collagen nanoscale organization, and its presumed sensitivity to the relative out of plane polarity of fibrils. Recent results have shown that circular dichroism SHG (CD-SHG), a technique that has been commonly assumed to reveal the relative out of plane polarity of collagen fibrils, is actually insensitive to changes in fibril polarity. However, results from another research group seem to contradict this conclusion. Both previous results have been based on SHG imaging of collagen fibrils within tissues, therefore, to gain a definitive understanding of the sensitivity of SHG to relative out of plane polarity, the results from individual fibrils are desirable. Here we present polarization resolved SHG microscopy (PSHG) data from individual collagen fibrils oriented out of the image plane by buckling on an elastic substrate. We show through correlation with atomic force microscopy measurements that SHG intensity can be used to estimate the out of plane angle of individual fibrils. We then compare the sensitivity of two PSHG techniques, CD-SHG and polarization-in, polarization-out SHG (PIPO-SHG), to the relative out of plane polarity of individual fibrils. We find that for single fibrils CD-SHG is insensitive to relative out of polarity and we also demonstrate the first direct experimental confirmation that PIPO-SHG reveals the relative out of plane polarity of individual collagen fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- MacAulay Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Richard Cisek
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Danielle Tokarz
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Laurent Kreplak
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science and School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4J5, Canada
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2
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Jeon H, Harvey M, Cisek R, Bennett E, Tokarz D. Characterization of pathological stomach tissue using polarization-sensitive second harmonic generation microscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2023; 14:5376-5391. [PMID: 37854565 PMCID: PMC10581783 DOI: 10.1364/boe.500335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in collagen ultrastructure between human gastric adenocarcinoma and normal gastric tissue were investigated using polarization-resolved second harmonic generation (PSHG) microscopy. Cylindrical and trigonal symmetries were assumed to extract quantitative PSHG parameters, ρ, κ and S, from each image pixel. Statistically significant variations in these values were observed for gastric adenocarcinoma, indicating a higher disorder of collagen. Numerical focal volume simulations of crossing fibrils indicate increased S parameter is due to more intersecting collagen fibrils of varying diameters. These parameters were also able to distinguish between different grades of gastric adenocarcinoma indicating that PSHG may be useful for automated cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwanhee Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - MacAulay Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Richard Cisek
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Elisha Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Danielle Tokarz
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
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3
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Harvey M, Cisek R, Alizadeh M, Barzda V, Kreplak L, Tokarz D. High numerical aperture imaging allows chirality measurement in individual collagen fibrils using polarization second harmonic generation microscopy. Nanophotonics 2023; 12:2061-2071. [PMID: 37215945 PMCID: PMC10193268 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2023-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is a commonly used technique to study the organization of collagen within tissues. However, individual collagen fibrils, which have diameters much smaller than the resolution of most optical systems, have not been extensively investigated. Here we probe the structure of individual collagen fibrils using polarization-resolved SHG (PSHG) microscopy and atomic force microscopy. We find that longitudinally polarized light occurring at the edge of a focal volume of a high numerical aperture microscope objective illuminated with linearly polarized light creates a measurable variation in PSHG signal along the axis orthogonal to an individual collagen fibril. By comparing numerical simulations to experimental data, we are able to estimate parameters related to the structure and chirality of the collagen fibril without tilting the sample out of the image plane, or cutting tissue at different angles, enabling chirality measurements on individual nanostructures to be performed in standard PSHG microscopes. The results presented here are expected to lead to a better understanding of PSHG results from both collagen fibrils and collagenous tissues. Further, the technique presented can be applied to other chiral nanoscale structures such as microtubules, nanowires, and nanoribbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- MacAulay Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3Canada
| | - Richard Cisek
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3Canada
| | - Mehdi Alizadeh
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A7, Canada
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Av. 9, LT-10222Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A7, Canada
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Av. 9, LT-10222Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laurent Kreplak
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science and School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4J5, Canada
| | - Danielle Tokarz
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3Canada
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4
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Bennett E, Harvey M, Cisek R, Tokarz D. Investigation into the structure of crystalline maltodextrin particles by second harmonic generation microscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2023; 14:1027-1040. [PMID: 36950239 PMCID: PMC10026584 DOI: 10.1364/boe.481689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline maltodextrin particles (CMPs) were investigated using polarization-sensitive second harmonic generation (PSHG) microscopy to determine changes in their crystalline organization due to crystal type (A- and B-type) and hydration for application as starch model systems. Optimization of their synthesis resulted in intense SHG emission, exceeding maize starch granules. PSHG data showed that CMPs have a radial macrostructure with respect to their nucleation regions, fitted ρ values of 2-6, and some similar hydration variations, mimicking starch granules and validating that CMPs may be used as a model system for improved understanding of the SHG properties and applications of starch granules.
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5
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Brittain K, Harvey M, Cisek R, Pillai S, Christie SD, Tokarz D. Second harmonic generation microscopy of otoconia. Biomed Opt Express 2022; 13:3593-3600. [PMID: 35781949 PMCID: PMC9208607 DOI: 10.1364/boe.457967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The origin of second harmonic generation (SHG) signal in otoconia was investigated. SHG signal intensity from otoconia was compared to pure calcite crystals, given calcite is the primary component of otoconia and is known to emit surface SHG. The SHG intensity from calcite was found to be ∼41× weaker than the SHG intensity from otoconia signifying that the SHG signal from otoconia is likely generated from the organic matrix. Furthermore, the SHG intensity from otoconia increased when treated with a chelating agent known to dissolve calcite which confirms that calcite is not the source of SHG. Additionally, polarization-resolved SHG microscopy imaging revealed that the arrangement of the SHG emitters is radial and can form highly ordered domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy Brittain
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - MacAulay Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Richard Cisek
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Saranyan Pillai
- Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery), Dalhousie University, #3814-1796 Summer Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3A7, Canada
| | - Sean D Christie
- Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery), Dalhousie University, #3814-1796 Summer Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3A7, Canada
| | - Danielle Tokarz
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
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Wang JS, Kamath T, Mazur CM, Mirzamohammadi F, Rotter D, Hojo H, Castro CD, Tokavanich N, Patel R, Govea N, Enishi T, Wu Y, da Silva Martins J, Bruce M, Brooks DJ, Bouxsein ML, Tokarz D, Lin CP, Abdul A, Macosko EZ, Fiscaletti M, Munns CF, Ryder P, Kost-Alimova M, Byrne P, Cimini B, Fujiwara M, Kronenberg HM, Wein MN. Control of osteocyte dendrite formation by Sp7 and its target gene osteocrin. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6271. [PMID: 34725346 PMCID: PMC8560803 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Some osteoblasts embed within bone matrix, change shape, and become dendrite-bearing osteocytes. The circuitry that drives dendrite formation during "osteocytogenesis" is poorly understood. Here we show that deletion of Sp7 in osteoblasts and osteocytes causes defects in osteocyte dendrites. Profiling of Sp7 target genes and binding sites reveals unexpected repurposing of this transcription factor to drive dendrite formation. Osteocrin is a Sp7 target gene that promotes osteocyte dendrite formation and rescues defects in Sp7-deficient mice. Single-cell RNA-sequencing demonstrates defects in osteocyte maturation in the absence of Sp7. Sp7-dependent osteocyte gene networks are associated with human skeletal diseases. Moreover, humans with a SP7R316C mutation show defective osteocyte morphology. Sp7-dependent genes that mark osteocytes are enriched in neurons, highlighting shared features between osteocytic and neuronal connectivity. These findings reveal a role for Sp7 and its target gene Osteocrin in osteocytogenesis, revealing that pathways that control osteocyte development influence human bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang S Wang
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tushar Kamath
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Courtney M Mazur
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fatemeh Mirzamohammadi
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Rotter
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Christian D Castro
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicha Tokavanich
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rushi Patel
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas Govea
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tetsuya Enishi
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokushima Municipal Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yunshu Wu
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Michael Bruce
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Brooks
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MaA, USA
| | - Mary L Bouxsein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MaA, USA
| | - Danielle Tokarz
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Charles P Lin
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abdul Abdul
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Evan Z Macosko
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa Fiscaletti
- Pediatric Department, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Craig F Munns
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Pearl Ryder
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Imaging Platform, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maria Kost-Alimova
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Byrne
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Beth Cimini
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Imaging Platform, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Makoto Fujiwara
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Henry M Kronenberg
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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7
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Yaeger MJ, Reece SW, Kilburg-Basnyat B, Hodge MX, Pal A, Dunigan-Russell K, Luo B, You DJ, Bonner JC, Spangenburg EE, Tokarz D, Hannan J, Armstrong M, Manke J, Reisdorph N, Tighe RM, Shaikh SR, Gowdy KM. Sex Differences in Pulmonary Eicosanoids and Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators in Response to Ozone Exposure. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:170-183. [PMID: 34175951 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a criteria air pollutant known to increase the morbidity and mortality of cardiopulmonary diseases. This occurs through a pulmonary inflammatory response characterized by increased recruitment of immune cells into the airspace, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. Recent evidence has demonstrated sex-dependent differences in the O3-induced pulmonary inflammatory response. However, it is unknown if this dimorphic response is evident in pulmonary lipid mediator metabolism. We hypothesized that there are sex-dependent differences in lipid mediator production following acute O3 exposure. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 1 part per million O3 for 3 hours and were necropsied at 6 or 24 hours following exposure. Lung lavage was collected for cell differential and total protein analysis, and lung tissue was collected for mRNA analysis, metabololipidomics, and immunohistochemistry. Compared to males, O3-exposed female mice had increases in airspace neutrophilia, neutrophil chemokine mRNA, pro-inflammatory eicosanoids such as prostaglandin E2, and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) such as resolvin D5 in lung tissue. Likewise, precursor fatty acids (arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid; DHA) were increased in female lung tissue following O3 exposure compared to males. Experiments with ovariectomized females revealed that loss of ovarian hormones exacerbates pulmonary inflammation and injury. However, eicosanoid and SPM production were not altered by ovariectomy despite depleted pulmonary DHA concentrations. Taken together, these data indicate that O3 drives an increased pulmonary inflammatory and bioactive lipid mediator response in females. Furthermore, ovariectomy increases susceptibility to O3-induced pulmonary inflammation and injury, as well as decreases pulmonary DHA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Yaeger
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - S W Reece
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858
| | - B Kilburg-Basnyat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858
| | - M X Hodge
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858
| | - A Pal
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - K Dunigan-Russell
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - B Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858
| | - D J You
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27107
| | - J C Bonner
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27107
| | - E E Spangenburg
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858
| | - D Tokarz
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709
| | - J Hannan
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858
| | - M Armstrong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado-AMC, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - J Manke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado-AMC, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - N Reisdorph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado-AMC, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - R M Tighe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710
| | - S R Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - K M Gowdy
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210
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8
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Peacock C, Lee E, Beral T, Cisek R, Tokarz D, Kreplak L. Buckling and Torsional Instabilities of a Nanoscale Biological Rope Bound to an Elastic Substrate. ACS Nano 2020; 14:12877-12884. [PMID: 32966048 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rope-like structures are ubiquitous in Nature. They are supermolecular assemblies of macromolecules responsible for the structural and mechanical integrity of plant and animal tissues. Collagen fibrils with diameters between 50 and 500 nm and their helical supermolecular structure are good examples of such nanoscale biological ropes. Like man-made laid ropes, fibrils are typically loaded in tension, and due to their large aspect ratio, they are, in principle, prone to buckling and torsional instabilities. One way to study buckling of a rigid rod is to attach it to a stretched elastic substrate that is then returned to its original length. In the case of single collagen fibrils, the observed behavior depends on the degree of hydration. By going from buckling in ambient conditions to immersed in a buffer, fibrils go from the well-known sine wave response to a localized behavior reminiscent of the bird-caging of laid ropes. In addition, in ambient conditions, the sine wave response coexists with the formation of loops along the length of the fibrils, as observed for the torsional instability of a twisted filament when tension is decreased. This work provides direct evidence that single collagen fibrils are highly susceptible to axial compression because of their helical supermolecular structure. As a result, mammals that use collagen fibrils as their main load-bearing element in many tissues have evolved mitigating strategies that protect single fibrils from axial compression damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Peacock
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4J5, Canada
| | - Eva Lee
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4J5, Canada
| | - Theo Beral
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4J5, Canada
| | - Richard Cisek
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Danielle Tokarz
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Laurent Kreplak
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4J5, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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9
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Tokarz D, Cisek R, Joseph A, Asa SL, Wilson BC, Barzda V. Characterization of pathological thyroid tissue using polarization-sensitive second harmonic generation microscopy. J Transl Med 2020; 100:1280-1287. [PMID: 32737408 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarization-sensitive second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is an established imaging technique able to provide information related to specific molecular structures including collagen. In this investigation, polarization-sensitive SHG microscopy was used to investigate changes in the collagen ultrastructure between histopathology slides of normal and diseased human thyroid tissues including follicular nodular disease, Grave's disease, follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma, classical papillary thyroid carcinoma, insular or poorly differentiated carcinoma, and anaplastic or undifferentiated carcinoma ex vivo. The second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility tensor component ratios, χ(2)zzz'/χ(2)zxx' and χ(2)xyz'/χ(2)zxx', were obtained, where χ(2)zzz'/χ(2)zxx' is a structural parameter and χ(2)xyz'/χ(2)zxx' is a measure of the chirality of the collagen fibers. Furthermore, the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) of the SHG signal was measured. A statistically significant increase in χ(2)zzz'/χ(2)zxx' values for all the diseased tissues except insular carcinoma and a statistically significant decrease in DOLP for all the diseased tissues were observed compared to normal thyroid. This finding indicates a higher ultrastructural disorder in diseased collagen and provides an innovative approach to discriminate between normal and diseased thyroid tissues that is complementary to standard histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Tokarz
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Richard Cisek
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ariana Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sylvia L Asa
- University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brian C Wilson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
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10
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Zhao H, Cisek R, Karunendiran A, Tokarz D, Stewart BA, Barzda V. Live imaging of contracting muscles with wide-field second harmonic generation microscopy using a high power laser. Biomed Opt Express 2019; 10:5130-5135. [PMID: 31646035 PMCID: PMC6788594 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Wide-field second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy was developed using a high-power (> 4 W) and high-repetition-rate (MHz range) laser oscillator to achieve fast SHG imaging over a large area (400 µm × 400 µm). The microscope was used for high spatial resolution imaging of contracting muscles in live Drosophila melanogaster larvae. Anisotropic and isotropic bands of striated muscle were distinguished, allowing accurate determination of sarcomere length and SHG intensity from individual sarcomeres. Therefore, wide-field SHG microscopy has applications in basic contractility research and studying arrhythmias, muscular dystrophies and pharmaceutical effects on the muscle contraction dynamics of sarcomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhao
- WDI Device Inc., 135 West Beaver Creek Road Unit 2, Richmond Hill, ON, L4B 1L2, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
- Co-first authors with equal contribution
| | - Richard Cisek
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada
- Co-first authors with equal contribution
| | - Abiramy Karunendiran
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Danielle Tokarz
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Bryan A. Stewart
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
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11
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Purvis K, Brittain K, Joseph A, Cisek R, Tokarz D. Third-order nonlinear optical properties of phycobiliproteins from cyanobacteria and red algae. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.136599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Tokarz D, Cisek R, Joseph A, Golaraei A, Mirsanaye K, Krouglov S, Asa SL, Wilson BC, Barzda V. Characterization of Pancreatic Cancer Tissue Using Multiphoton Excitation Fluorescence and Polarization-Sensitive Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:272. [PMID: 31058080 PMCID: PMC6478795 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Thin tissue sections of normal and tumorous pancreatic tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin were investigated using multiphoton excitation fluorescence (MPF), second harmonic generation (SHG), and third harmonic generation (THG) microscopies. The cytoplasm, connective tissue, collagen and extracellular structures are visualized with MPF due to the eosin stain, whereas collagen is imaged with endogenous SHG contrast that does not require staining. Cellular structures, including membranous interfaces and nuclear components, are seen with THG due to the aggregation of hematoxylin dye. Changes in the collagen ultrastructure in pancreatic cancer were investigated by a polarization-sensitive SHG microscopy technique, polarization-in, polarization-out (PIPO) SHG. This involves measuring the orientation of the linear polarization of the SHG signal as a function of the linear polarization orientation of the incident laser radiation. From the PIPO SHG data, the second-order non-linear optical susceptibility ratio, χ(2) zzz '/χ(2) zxx ', was obtained that serves as a structural parameter for characterizing the tissue. Furthermore, by assuming C6 symmetry, an additional second-order non-linear optical susceptibility ratio, χ(2) xyz '/χ(2) zxx ', was obtained, which is a measure of the chirality of the collagen fibers. Statistically-significant differences in the χ(2) zzz '/χ(2) zxx ' values were found between tumor and normal pancreatic tissues in periductal, lobular, and parenchymal regions, whereas statistically-significant differences in the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of χ(2) xyz '/χ(2) zxx ' occurrence histograms were found between tumor and normal pancreatic tissues in periductal and parenchymal regions. Additionally, the PIPO SHG data were used to determine the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) of the SHG signal, which indicates the relative linear depolarization of the signal. Statistically-significant differences in DOLP values were found between tumor and normal pancreatic tissues in periductal and parenchymal regions. Hence, the differences observed in the χ(2) zzz '/χ(2) zxx ' values, the FWHM of χ(2) xyz '/χ(2) zxx ' values and the DOLP values could potentially be used to aid pathologists in diagnosing pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Tokarz
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Richard Cisek
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ariana Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ahmad Golaraei
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kamdin Mirsanaye
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Serguei Krouglov
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvia L. Asa
- University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian C. Wilson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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13
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Tokarz D, Martins JS, Petit ET, Lin CP, Demay MB, Liu ES. Hormonal Regulation of Osteocyte Perilacunar and Canalicular Remodeling in the Hyp Mouse Model of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:499-509. [PMID: 29083055 PMCID: PMC6005377 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteocytes remodel their surrounding perilacunar matrix and canalicular network to maintain skeletal homeostasis. Perilacunar/canalicular remodeling is also thought to play a role in determining bone quality. X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is characterized by elevated serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels, resulting in hypophosphatemia and decreased production of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D). In addition to rickets and osteomalacia, long bones from mice with XLH (Hyp) have impaired whole-bone biomechanical integrity accompanied by increased osteocyte apoptosis. To address whether perilacunar/canalicular remodeling is altered in Hyp mice, histomorphometric analyses of tibia and 3D intravital microscopic analyses of calvaria were performed. These studies demonstrate that Hyp mice have larger osteocyte lacunae in both the tibia and calvaria, accompanied by enhanced osteocyte mRNA and protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) and genes classically used by osteoclasts to resorb bone, such as cathepsin K (CTSK). Hyp mice also exhibit impaired canalicular organization, with a decrease in number and branching of canaliculi extending from tibial and calvarial lacunae. To determine whether improving mineral ion and hormone homeostasis attenuates the lacunocanalicular phenotype, Hyp mice were treated with 1,25D or FGF23 blocking antibody (FGF23Ab). Both therapies were shown to decrease osteocyte lacunar size and to improve canalicular organization in tibia and calvaria. 1,25D treatment of Hyp mice normalizes osteocyte expression of MMP13 and classic osteoclast markers, while FGF23Ab decreases expression of MMP13 and selected osteoclast markers. Taken together, these studies point to regulation of perilacunar/canalicular remodeling by physiologic stimuli including hypophosphatemia and 1,25D. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Tokarz
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janaina S Martins
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Charles P Lin
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie B Demay
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva S Liu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Tokarz D, Cisek R, Wein MN, Turcotte R, Haase C, Yeh SCA, Bharadwaj S, Raphael AP, Paudel H, Alt C, Liu TM, Kronenberg HM, Lin CP. Intravital imaging of osteocytes in mouse calvaria using third harmonic generation microscopy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186846. [PMID: 29065178 PMCID: PMC5655444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes are the most abundant cell in the bone, and have multiple functions including mechanosensing and regulation of bone remodeling activities. Since osteocytes are embedded in the bone matrix, their inaccessibility makes in vivo studies problematic. Therefore, a non-invasive technique with high spatial resolution is desired. The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of third harmonic generation (THG) microscopy as a noninvasive technique for high-resolution imaging of the lacunar-canalicular network (LCN) in live mice. By performing THG imaging in combination with two- and three-photon fluorescence microscopy, we show that THG signal is produced from the bone-interstitial fluid boundary of the lacuna, while the interstitial fluid-osteocyte cell boundary shows a weaker THG signal. Canaliculi are also readily visualized by THG imaging, with canaliculi oriented at small angles relative to the optical axis exhibiting stronger signal intensity compared to those oriented perpendicular to the optical axis (parallel to the image plane). By measuring forward- versus epi-detected THG signals in thinned versus thick bone samples ex vivo, we found that the epi-collected THG from the LCN of intact bone contains a superposition of backward-directed and backscattered forward-THG. As an example of a biological application, THG was used as a label-free imaging technique to study structural variations in the LCN of live mice deficient in both histone deacetylase 4 and 5 (HDAC4, HDAC5). Three-dimensional analyses were performed and revealed statistically significant differences between the HDAC4/5 double knockout and wild type mice in the number of osteocytes per volume and the number of canaliculi per lacunar surface area. These changes in osteocyte density and dendritic projections occurred without differences in lacunar size. This study demonstrates that THG microscopy imaging of the LCN in live mice enables quantitative analysis of osteocytes in animal models without the use of dyes or physical sectioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Tokarz
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Richard Cisek
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc N. Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Raphaël Turcotte
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christa Haase
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shu-Chi A. Yeh
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Srinidhi Bharadwaj
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anthony P. Raphael
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hari Paudel
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Clemens Alt
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tzu-Ming Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Henry M. Kronenberg
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Charles P. Lin
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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15
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Karunendiran A, Cisek R, Tokarz D, Barzda V, Stewart BA. Examination of Drosophila eye development with third harmonic generation microscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:4504-4513. [PMID: 29082080 PMCID: PMC5654795 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.004504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Third harmonic generation (THG) microscopy can exploit endogenous harmonophores such as pigment macromolecules for enhanced image contrast, and therefore can be used without exogenous contrast agents. Previous studies have established that carotenoid compounds are ideal harmonophores for THG microscopy; we therefore sought to determine whether THG from endogenous carotenoid-derived compounds, such as retinal in photoreceptor cells, could serve as a new label-free method for developmental studies. Here we study the development of the pupal eye in Drosophila melanogaster and determine the localization of rhodopsin using THG microscopy technique. Additionally, by altering the chromophore or the opsin protein we were able to detect changes in both the retinal distribution morphology and in THG intensity age-dependent profiles. These results demonstrate that THG microscopy can be used to detect altered photoreceptor development and may be useful in clinically relevant conditions associated with photoreceptor degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiramy Karunendiran
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Richard Cisek
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Danielle Tokarz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Bryan A Stewart
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
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16
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Cisek R, Tokarz D, Kontenis L, Barzda V, Steup M. Polarimetric second harmonic generation microscopy: An analytical tool for starch bioengineering. STARCH-STARKE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201700031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Cisek
- Department of Physics; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences; University of Toronto Mississauga; Mississauga Ontario Canada
| | - Danielle Tokarz
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Lukas Kontenis
- Department of Physics; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences; University of Toronto Mississauga; Mississauga Ontario Canada
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department of Physics; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences; University of Toronto Mississauga; Mississauga Ontario Canada
| | - Martin Steup
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology; University of Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
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17
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Golaraei A, Kontenis L, Cisek R, Tokarz D, Done SJ, Wilson BC, Barzda V. Changes of collagen ultrastructure in breast cancer tissue determined by second-harmonic generation double Stokes-Mueller polarimetric microscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:4054-4068. [PMID: 27867715 PMCID: PMC5102540 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) double Stokes-Mueller polarimetric microscopy is applied to study the alteration of collagen ultrastructure in a tissue microarray containing three pathological human breast cancer types with differently overexpressed estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Kleinman symmetry is experimentally validated in breast tissue for 1028 nm laser wavelength and it has been shown that measurements with only linearly polarized incoming and outgoing states can determine molecular nonlinear susceptibility tensor component ratio, average in-plane orientation of collagen fibers and degree of linear polarization of SHG. Increase in the susceptibility ratio for ER, PgR, HER2 positive cases, reveals ultrastructural changes in the collagen fibers while the susceptibility ratio increase and decrease in degree of linear polarization for ER and PgR positive cases indicate alteration of the ultrastructure and increased disorder of the collagen fibers within each focal volume. The study demonstrates a potential use of polarimetric SHG microscopy for collagen characterization and cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Golaraei
- Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7,
Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6,
Canada
| | - Lukas Kontenis
- Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7,
Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6,
Canada
| | - Richard Cisek
- Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7,
Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6,
Canada
| | - Danielle Tokarz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9,
Canada
| | - Susan J. Done
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9,
Canada
| | - Brian C. Wilson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9,
Canada
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7,
Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6,
Canada
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18
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Cisek R, Tokarz D, Steup M, Tetlow IJ, Emes MJ, Hebelstrup KH, Blennow A, Barzda V. Second harmonic generation microscopy investigation of the crystalline ultrastructure of three barley starch lines affected by hydration. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:3694-700. [PMID: 26504621 PMCID: PMC4605030 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.003694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is employed to study changes in crystalline organization due to altered gene expression and hydration in barley starch granules. SHG intensity and susceptibility ratio values (R'SHG ) are obtained using reduced Stokes-Mueller polarimetric microscopy. The maximum R'SHG values occur at moderate moisture indicating the narrowest orientation distribution of nonlinear dipoles from the cylindrical axis of glucan helices. The maximum SHG intensity occurs at the highest moisture and amylopectin content. These results support the hypothesis that SHG is caused by ordered hydrogen and hydroxyl bond networks which increase with hydration of starch granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Cisek
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Department of
Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road,
Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Danielle Tokarz
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Department of
Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road,
Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Martin Steup
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biochemistry and
Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25 Building 20, 14476 Potsdam,
Germany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of
Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East,
Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ian J. Tetlow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of
Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East,
Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Michael J. Emes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of
Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East,
Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kim H. Hebelstrup
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University,
Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of
Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Department of
Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road,
Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
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19
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Cui L, Tokarz D, Cisek R, Ng KK, Wang F, Chen J, Barzda V, Zheng G. Organized Aggregation of Porphyrins in Lipid Bilayers for Third Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13928-32. [PMID: 26418395 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical microscopy has become a powerful tool for high-resolution imaging of cellular and subcellular composition, morphology, and interactions because of its high spatial resolution, deep penetration, and low photo-damage to tissue. Developing specific harmonic probes is essential for exploiting nonlinear microscopic imaging for biomedical applications. We report an organized aggregate of porphyrins (OAP) that formed within lipidic nanoparticles showing fingerprint spectroscopic properties, structure-associated second harmonic generation, and superradiant third harmonic generation. The OAP facilitated harmonic microscopic imaging of living cells with significantly enhanced contrast. The structure-dependent switch between harmonic (OAP-intact) and fluorescence (OAP-disrupted) generation enabled real-time multi-modality imaging of the cellular fate of nanoparticles. Robustly produced under various conditions and easily incorporated into pre-formed lipid nanovesicles, OAP provides a biocompatible nanoplatform for harmonic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Cui
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center and Techna Institute, UHN (Canada) http://www.utoronto.ca/zhenglab.,Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University (China).,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto (Canada)
| | - Danielle Tokarz
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Department of Physics, University of Toronto (Canada)
| | - Richard Cisek
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Department of Physics, University of Toronto (Canada)
| | - Kenneth K Ng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center and Techna Institute, UHN (Canada) http://www.utoronto.ca/zhenglab
| | - Fan Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University (China)
| | - Juan Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center and Techna Institute, UHN (Canada) http://www.utoronto.ca/zhenglab
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Department of Physics, University of Toronto (Canada)
| | - Gang Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center and Techna Institute, UHN (Canada) http://www.utoronto.ca/zhenglab. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto (Canada).
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20
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Cui L, Tokarz D, Cisek R, Ng KK, Wang F, Chen J, Barzda V, Zheng G. Organized Aggregation of Porphyrins in Lipid Bilayers for Third Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Cui
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center and Techna Institute, UHN (Canada) http://www.utoronto.ca/zhenglab
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University (China)
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto (Canada)
| | - Danielle Tokarz
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Department of Physics, University of Toronto (Canada)
| | - Richard Cisek
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Department of Physics, University of Toronto (Canada)
| | - Kenneth K. Ng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center and Techna Institute, UHN (Canada) http://www.utoronto.ca/zhenglab
| | - Fan Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University (China)
| | - Juan Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center and Techna Institute, UHN (Canada) http://www.utoronto.ca/zhenglab
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Department of Physics, University of Toronto (Canada)
| | - Gang Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center and Techna Institute, UHN (Canada) http://www.utoronto.ca/zhenglab
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto (Canada)
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21
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Tokarz D, Cisek R, Golaraei A, Asa SL, Barzda V, Wilson BC. Ultrastructural features of collagen in thyroid carcinoma tissue observed by polarization second harmonic generation microscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:3475-81. [PMID: 26417516 PMCID: PMC4574672 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.003475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Changes in collagen ultrastructure between malignant and normal human thyroid tissue were investigated ex vivo using polarization second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. The second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility tensor component ratio and the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) of the SHG signal were measured. The ratio values are related to the collagen ultrastructure, while DOLP indicates the relative amount of coherent signal and incoherent scattering of SHG. Increase in ratio values and decrease in DOLP were observed for tumor tissue compared to normal thyroid, indicating higher ultrastructural disorder in tumor collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Tokarz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Richard Cisek
- Department of Physics, Institute for Optical Sciences and Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Ahmad Golaraei
- Department of Physics, Institute for Optical Sciences and Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Sylvia L. Asa
- University Health Network/University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department of Physics, Institute for Optical Sciences and Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Brian C. Wilson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
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Tokarz D, Cisek R, Krouglov S, Kontenis L, Fekl U, Barzda V. Correction to “Molecular Organization of Crystalline β-Carotene in Carrots Determined with Polarization-Dependent Second and Third Harmonic Generation Microscopy”. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:3619. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cisek R, Tokarz D, Hirmiz N, Saxena A, Shik A, Ruda HE, Barzda V. Crystal lattice determination of ZnSe nanowires with polarization-dependent second harmonic generation microscopy. Nanotechnology 2014; 25:505703. [PMID: 25431947 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/50/505703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a noninvasive optical microscopy technique based on polarization-dependent second harmonic generation for determining the crystal lattice structure and microscopic heterogeneities within individual nanostructures. Differentiation between periodically twinned and wurtzite ZnSe nanowires (NWs) was demonstrated, and measurement of the cubic lattice rotation orientation around the NW axis was determined within 1° accuracy. Zinc blende NWs were differentiated from wurtzite. The technique can be used for quality inspection and optimization of growth conditions for nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Cisek
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Department of Physics, and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
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Cisek R, Tokarz D, Krouglov S, Steup M, Emes MJ, Tetlow IJ, Barzda V. Second Harmonic Generation Mediated by Aligned Water in Starch Granules. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:14785-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jp508751s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tokarz D, Cisek R, El-Ansari O, Espie GS, Fekl U, Barzda V. Organization of astaxanthin within oil bodies of Haematococcus pluvialis studied with polarization-dependent harmonic generation microscopy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107804. [PMID: 25215522 PMCID: PMC4162621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear optical microscopy was used to image the localization of astaxanthin accumulation in the green alga, Haematococcus pluvialis. Polarization-in, polarization-out (PIPO) second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG) microscopy was applied to study the crystalline organization of astaxanthin molecules in light-stressed H. pluvialis in vivo. Since astaxanthin readily forms H- and J-aggregates in aqueous solutions, PIPO THG studies of astaxanthin aggregates contained in red aplanospores were compared to PIPO THG of in vitro self-assembled H- and J-aggregates of astaxanthin. The PIPO THG data clearly showed an isotropic organization of astaxanthin in red aplanospores of H. pluvialis. This is in contrast to the highly anisotropic organization of astaxanthin in synthetic H- and J-aggregates, which showed to be uniaxial. Since carotenoids in vitro preferentially form H- and J-aggregates, but in vivo form a randomly organized structure, this implies that astaxanthin undergoes a different way of packing in biological organisms, which is either due to the unique physical environment of the alga or is controlled enzymatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Tokarz
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Cisek
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Omar El-Ansari
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - George S. Espie
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ulrich Fekl
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Tokarz D, Cisek R, Krouglov S, Kontenis L, Fekl U, Barzda V. Molecular Organization of Crystalline β-Carotene in Carrots Determined with Polarization-Dependent Second and Third Harmonic Generation Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:3814-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jp411387p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Tokarz
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Richard Cisek
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
- Department
of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A7
| | - Serguei Krouglov
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
- Department
of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A7
| | - Lukas Kontenis
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
- Department
of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A7
| | - Ulrich Fekl
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
- Department
of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A7
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Tokarz D, Cisek R, Fekl U, Barzda V. The molecular second hyperpolarizability of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b pigment-protein complex of photosystem II. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:11069-75. [PMID: 23731089 DOI: 10.1021/jp400739v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic structures when imaged with nonlinear optical microscopy give rise to high third harmonic generation (THG) signal intensity due to the presence of chlorophylls and xanthophylls which have large second hyperpolarizabilitiy (γ) values. The γ value of trimers of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b pigment-protein complex of photosystem II (LHCII) isolated from pea (Pisum sativum) plants was investigated by the THG ratio technique at 1028 nm wavelength and found to have the value (-1600 ± 400) × 10(-41) m(2) V(-2). The large negative γ value of trimeric LHCII is due to the presence of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b which have large negative γ values, while positive γ values of xanthophylls reduce the magnitude of the THG signal. Variation was observed between the measured γ value of LHCII and the approximated γ value of LHCII obtained by adding individual γ values of chlorophylls and xanthophylls. This difference can be attributed to the differing inter-pigment interactions of oriented chlorophylls and xanthophylls in the pigment-protein complex compared to randomly oriented non-interacting pigments in solution, as well as a differing dielectric environment of the pigments within LHCII versus the surrounding organic solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Tokarz
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga , 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON, Canada L5L 1C6
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Kol A, Christopher M, Skorupski K, Tokarz D, Vernau W. B-cell lymphoma with plasmacytoid differentiation, atypical cytoplasmic inclusions, and secondary leukemia in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kol
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California-Davis; Davis; CA; USA
| | - M.M. Christopher
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California-Davis; Davis; CA; USA
| | - K.A. Skorupski
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California-Davis; Davis; CA; USA
| | - D. Tokarz
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California-Davis; Davis; CA; USA
| | - W. Vernau
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California-Davis; Davis; CA; USA
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Tokarz D, Cisek R, Prent N, Fekl U, Barzda V. Measuring the molecular second hyperpolarizability in absorptive solutions by the third harmonic generation ratio technique. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 755:86-92. [PMID: 23146398 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of the second hyperpolarizability (γ) values of compounds can provide insight into the molecular structural requirements for enhancement of third harmonic generation (THG) signal. A convenient method for measuring the γ of compounds in solutions was developed by implementing the THG ratio method which is based on measuring the THG intensity from two interfaces using a nonlinear optical microscope while accounting for the refractive index of solutions at the fundamental and third harmonic wavelengths. We demonstrated that the difference in refractive index at both wavelengths strongly influenced the calculation of γ values when compounds have absorption near the third harmonic or fundamental wavelength. To this end, a refractometer with the wavelength tuning range from UV to near IR was constructed, and the measured refractive indices were used to extract the γ values. The γ values of carotenoids and chlorophylls found in photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes were explored. Large differences in the refractive index at third harmonic and fundamental wavelengths for chlorophylls result in γ values that are more than two orders of magnitude larger than γ values for carotenoids as well as the sign of chlorophylls'γ values is negative while carotenoids have positive γ values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Tokarz
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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Tokarz D, Cisek R, Garbaczewska M, Sandkuijl D, Qiu X, Stewart B, Levine JD, Fekl U, Barzda V. Carotenoid based bio-compatible labels for third harmonic generation microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:10653-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41583f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tokarz D, Poppenga R, Kaae J, Filigenzi M, Lowenstine LJ, Pesavento P. Amanitin Toxicosis in Two Cats with Acute Hepatic and Renal Failure. Vet Pathol 2011; 49:1032-5. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985811429307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Amanitin is a toxic cyclopeptide present in several species of poisonous mushrooms. Amanitin toxicosis was diagnosed in 2 cats from separate premises. Both cats initially had lethargy and vomiting, and they rapidly developed depression and neurological signs over 24–48 hours. Marked elevation of alanine aminotransferase was the primary finding, with subsequent serum chemistry values compatible with hepatic and renal failure. Histopathological findings consisted of submassive to massive acute hepatic necrosis, renal proximal tubular epithelial necrosis, and foci of necrosis and inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Amanitin exposure was confirmed postmortem by detection of α-amanitin in the kidney by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. A similar clinical course and pathological changes are reported in human and canine amanitin intoxication; however, gastrointestinal lesions are not typically described.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Tokarz
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - R. Poppenga
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Davis, California
| | - J. Kaae
- Pet Emergency and Specialty Center of Marin, San Rafael, California
| | - M. Filigenzi
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Davis, California
| | - L. J. Lowenstine
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - P. Pesavento
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California
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Tuer A, Krouglov S, Cisek R, Tokarz D, Barzda V. Three-dimensional visualization of the first hyperpolarizability tensor. J Comput Chem 2010; 32:1128-34. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sykes J, Marks S, Mapes S, Schultz R, Pollard R, Tokarz D, Pesavento P, Lindsay L, Foley J. Salmon Poisoning Disease in Dogs: 29 Cases. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 24:504-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Tuer A, Tokarz D, Prent N, Cisek R, Alami J, Dumont DJ, Bakueva L, Rowlands J, Barzda V. Nonlinear multicontrast microscopy of hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained histological sections. J Biomed Opt 2010; 15:026018. [PMID: 20459263 DOI: 10.1117/1.3382908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Imaging hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained cancerous histological sections with multicontrast nonlinear excitation fluorescence, second- and third-harmonic generation (THG) microscopy reveals cellular structures with extremely high image contrast. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy together with second hyperpolarizability measurements of the dyes shows that strong THG appears due to neutral hemalum aggregation and is subsequently enhanced by interaction with eosin. Additionally, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy reveals eosin fluorescence quenching by hemalums, showing better suitability of only eosin staining for fluorescence microscopy. Multicontrast nonlinear microscopy has the potential to differentiate between cancerous and healthy tissue at a single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Tuer
- University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Institute for Optical Sciences, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6 Canada.
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Okopień B, Hyper M, Kowalski J, Belowski D, Madej A, Zieliński M, Tokarz D, Kalina Z, Herman Z. The new diagnostic approache in atherosclerosis management. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(01)80205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Okopień B, Hyper M, Kowalski J, Belowski D, Madej A, Zieliński M, Tokarz D, Kalina Z, Herman ZS. A new immunological marker of atherosclerotic injury of arterial wall. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 2001; 109:241-8. [PMID: 11758653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The atherosclerotic arterial injuries lead to many life threatening vascular incidents. It has been well documented that inflammatory processes play an important role in atherogenesis. Intensive studies are undertaken to find a serum marker of inflammatory reaction correlated with arterial injuries. METHODS In our study we measured the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with dyslipidemia IIa and IIb biochemically confirmed. Control estimations were done in age-matched group. Arterial injuries were evaluated as a thickening of complex intima-media in common carotid arteries by means of Doppler ultrasonography. RESULTS Levels of IL-6 were significantly higher in both groups of patients with dyslipidemia as compared with the healthy control persons (IIa vs control p<0.001, IIb vs control p<0.001). The plasma level of IL-6 is significantly correlated to intima-media complex thickness (r=0.68, p<0.0001). CONCLUSION We conclude that increase of serum concentration of IL-6 may be related to arterial wall injuries in the course of the most atherogenic lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Okopień
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Okopien B, Kalina Z, Madej A, Kowalski J, Belowski D, Tokarz D, Zielinski M, Herman Z. The simvastatin therapy may change the secretion of tumor necrosis factor by human macrophages. Atherosclerosis 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(99)80567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kalina Z, Okopień B, Madej A, Tokarz D, Maślankiewicz A, Szwed Z, Gross-Furek V, Herman ZS. Antihypertensive effect of amlodipine compared with nifedipine retard in patients with mild and moderate essential hypertension. Boll Chim Farm 1998; 137:281-5. [PMID: 9795483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of amlodipine for hypertension treatment in comparison with nifedipine retard. METHODS We examined 31 patients with arterial blood pressure approximately 155-165 mmHg/100-105 mm Hg at the beginning of the trial. It was a randomized double-blind, parallel-group trial including two groups of patients. Patients of the first group were given active amlodipine and nifedipine retard placebo during 6 weeks, while the second group was given active nifedipine retard and amlodipine placebo. Statistical analysis was made using the paired Student's t-test, chi-square test and ANOVA test. RESULTS At end point we observed significant decrease in arterial blood pressure after treatment of both drugs. The treatment with nifedipine retard increased the mean heart rate of patients. Amlodipine therapy in comparison to nifedipine retard did not change the heart rate in treated patients. Safety parameters: SGOT, SGTP, creatinine and others were in laboratory norms ranges. CONCLUSION Amlodipine proved to be an effective, more safe and better-tolerated therapeutical alternative for hypertension management than nifedipine retard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kalina
- Department of Internal Diseases, Silesian University School of Medicine, Katowice, Poland
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Wanat-Wiśniewska M, Tokarz D, Smieja G, Kalina Z. [Doppler examination of portal venous flow in liver neoplasms]. Pol Arch Med Wewn 1995; 93:222-7. [PMID: 7479243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An attempt was made to measure blood flow of portal system at various stages of neoplastic changes in the liver, which could be of some prognostic and therapeutic value. In the group of 80 studied persons, 20 patients had hepatic angioma, 6 patients hepatic cancer, 24 patients metastatic cancer affecting to the liver. Control group consisted of 50 healthy volunteers. No disturbances of blood flow in portal system in the group of patients with hepatic angioma were found. In the group with primary hepatic cancer decrease of TAV and TF in portal and splenic veins were noted, especially in 2 cases with numerous changes with relatively big sum of diameters, as compared with control method. In group with metastases of cancer to the liver slight decrease of blood flow in portal and splenic veins was observed as compared to the control group. Decrease in blood flow in the portal system was seen in cases with numerous and relatively big neoplastic focuses in the liver. Blood flow monitoring might be helpful in evaluation of the progress or regression of infiltrative changes in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wanat-Wiśniewska
- II Katedra i Klinika Chorób Wewnetrznych Slaskiej Akademii Medycznej w Katowicach
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Kalina Z, Szwed Z, Wanat-Wiśniewska M, Waleczek J, Hausner L, Tokarz D. [Epidemiology of cholelithiasis among professionally active persons in the Katowice province]. Wiad Lek 1992; 45:251-4. [PMID: 1462583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the workplaces of the City of Katowice 2867 subjects in 5 age groups were studied by inquiry, physical examination and gallbladder ultrasonography. Calculi in the gallbladder were found in 344 subjects that is 11.99%. The prevalence of calculi was much higher in females, and in both sexes it increased with age. The study confirms the value of USG in the diagnosis of gallbladder calculi and the possibility of its use for screening of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kalina
- II Katedry i Kliniki Chorób Wewnetrznych Sl. Ak. Med. Katowicach
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Kalina Z, Scieszka J, Pierzchała W, Hefczyc J, Tokarz D. [Effect of ranitidine on the histamine-induced bronchial spasm in patients with bronchial asthma]. Pol Arch Med Wewn 1986; 75:176-80. [PMID: 3763412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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