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Voisin DR, Takahashi L, Walsh JL, DiFranceisco W, Johnson A, Dakin A, Bouacha N, Brown K, Quinn KG. An exploratory study of community violence and HIV care engagement among Black gay and bisexual men. AIDS Care 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38648523 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2024.2331221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between exposure to community violence and HIV care engagement among 107 Black gay or bisexual men living with HIV in Chicago. Measures assessed the importance of demographic covariates (age, annual income, health insurance status, and years living with HIV), community violence exposures, mental health, social support, in explaining variations in missed doses of antiretroviral therapy (ART) medication and missed HIV care appointments. Results showed that participants who reported higher rates of exposure to community violence were two times more likely to have missed ART doses and HIV care appointments. Participants who reported depression scores were two times more likely to have greater non-ART adherence. Finally, older participants were more likely to report fewer missed ART doses. More research is needed to clarify the mechanisms between age or depression and ART adherence given community violence exposure. Health care providers should screen for depression when attempting to promote better ART adherence and keeping HIV care appointments for Black gay and bisexual men living with HIV. Younger Black gay and bisexual men living with HIV may be more vulnerable than older men for missed ART doses and may require additional screening and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexter R Voisin
- Jack Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lois Takahashi
- Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Anthony Johnson
- School of Social Work, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Khalil Brown
- Jack Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Hong JS, Choi J, Burlaka V, Burlaka J, Marsack-Topolewski CN, Voisin DR. Bullying Victimization and Suicidal Thoughts: Emotional Distress and Neighborhood Conditions. Arch Suicide Res 2024; 28:499-511. [PMID: 37013796 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2192755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to examine (1) the association between bullying victimization and suicidal thoughts and (2) neighborhood conditions as a moderated mediated model of the association between bullying victimization, emotional distress, and suicidal thoughts. The sample consists of 414 African American youths (ages 12-17) in Chicago's Southside neighborhoods. Variables included suicidal thoughts, bullying victimization, emotional distress, neighborhood conditions, age, sex, and government assistance. Analyses included descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and multivariate regression analyses. The study found that bullying victimization was not directly associated with suicidal thoughts. However, bullying victimization was positively associated with emotional distress, which was related to suicidal thoughts. Moreover, emotional distress as a mediator of the association between bullying victimization and suicidal thoughts was observed when neighborhood conditions were a moderator. The findings suggest that bullying victimization and suicidal thoughts are major concerns for African American adolescents, and prevention and intervention need to be cost-effective.
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Hong JS, Choi J, Lawrence TI, Yan Y, Takahashi LM, Voisin DR. Pathways From Bullying Victimization to Suicidal Thoughts Among Urban African American Adolescents: Applying the General Strain Theory. J Nerv Ment Dis 2024; 212:159-165. [PMID: 38113933 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The present study explores the relationship between bullying victimization and suicidal thoughts among African American adolescents in urban neighborhoods. The study, which was guided by the general strain theory, proposed and tested potential pathways that link bullying victimization with suicidal thoughts through the mediators including emotional distress, low future orientation, hopelessness, and drug use. The study sample included 414 African American adolescents who were between ages 12 and 22 years and residing in low-income Chicago's South Side neighborhoods. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlation, and path analyses were conducted. Bullying victimization was not significantly related to suicidal thoughts, although it was positively associated with emotional distress and drug use. The association between low future orientation and hopelessness was bidirectional. The study findings have implications for practice, which is important as resources to assist adolescents who are affected by violence tend to be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jungtae Choi
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Timothy I Lawrence
- Department of Educational Psychology, School of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Yueqi Yan
- Biostatistics and Data Support Center, Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California at Merced, Merced, California
| | - Lois M Takahashi
- Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Californias
| | - Dexter R Voisin
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Fairclough J, Abd-Elmonem M, Merrin GJ, Hong JS, Voisin DR. Religiosity and Associations with Substance Use and Delinquency Among Urban African American Adolescents. J Relig Health 2024; 63:531-550. [PMID: 37755625 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent delinquency and substance use are global problems. African American adolescents are especially susceptible to the life-changing consequences of these problem behaviors. Religiosity is a notable protective factor that has been shown to mitigate these behaviors. This study uses a person-centered approach to examine the extent to which religiosity is associated with lower rates of delinquency and substance use among urban African American adolescents in the United States. Latent Class Analysis was used to examine the heterogeneity in five religiosity items among a sample of adolescents ages 13-18. After identifying religiosity classes through a class enumeration process, we examined predictors of the classes using multinomial logistic regression. The classes were then used to predict several substance use and delinquency outcomes. Three religiosity classes were identified; "low religious beliefs and engagement," (15.19%, n = 94), "religious with low active engagement," (56.70%, n = 351), and "religious with high active engagement," (28.11%, n = 174). Protective effects of religiosity on substance use (e.g., alcohol) and delinquency were found (e.g., assault). Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javari Fairclough
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX, 79415, USA.
| | - Mohamed Abd-Elmonem
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX, 79415, USA
| | - Gabriel J Merrin
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jun Sung Hong
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dexter R Voisin
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Quinn KG, Walsh JL, DiFranceisco W, Edwards T, Takahashi L, Johnson A, Dakin A, Bouacha N, Voisin DR. The Inherent Violence of Anti-Black Racism and its Effects on HIV Care for Black Sexually Minoritized Men. J Urban Health 2024; 101:23-30. [PMID: 38158546 PMCID: PMC10897081 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-023-00823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine the effects of racial discrimination, depression, and Black LGBTQ community support on HIV care outcomes among a sample of Black sexually minoritized men living with HIV. We conducted a cross-sectional survey with 107 Black sexually minoritized men living with HIV in Chicago. A path model was used to test associations between racial discrimination, Black LGBTQ community support, depressive symptoms, and missed antiretroviral medication doses and HIV care appointments. Results of the path model showed that men who had experienced more racism had more depressive symptoms and subsequently, missed more doses of HIV antiretroviral medication and had missed more HIV care appointments. Greater Black LGBTQ community support was associated with fewer missed HIV care appointments in the past year. This research shows that anti-Black racism may be a pervasive and harmful determinant of HIV inequities and a critical driver of racial disparities in ART adherence and HIV care engagement experienced by Black SMM. Black LGBTQ community support may buffer against the effects of racial discrimination on HIV care outcomes by providing safe, inclusive, supportive spaces for Black SMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G Quinn
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Walsh
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Wayne DiFranceisco
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Travonne Edwards
- School of Child and Youth Care, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lois Takahashi
- Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Johnson
- School of Social Work, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Dexter R Voisin
- School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Hong JS, Wang M, Negi R, Voisin DR, Takahashi LM, Iadipaolo A. Less Computer Access: Is It a Risk or a Protective Factor for Cyberbullying and Face-to-Face Bullying Victimization among Adolescents in the United States? Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:834. [PMID: 37887484 PMCID: PMC10603963 DOI: 10.3390/bs13100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates whether less computer access is associated with an increase or decrease in cyberbullying and face-to-face bullying victimization. Data were derived from the 2009-2010 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children U.S. Study, consisting of 12,642 adolescents aged 11, 13, and 15 years (Mage = 12.95). We found that less computer usage was negatively associated with cyberbullying victimization and face-to-face bullying victimization. The findings from the study have implications for research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Hong
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (J.S.H.); (A.I.)
- Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Miao Wang
- Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China;
| | - Rekha Negi
- Jesus and Mary College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India;
- Bullying Research Network, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Dexter R. Voisin
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Lois M. Takahashi
- Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Andre Iadipaolo
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (J.S.H.); (A.I.)
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Hong JS, Valido A, Hahm HC, VanHook CR, Espelage DL, Voisin DR. Would Caring Teachers Buffer the Link Between Violence Victimization and Early Sexual Initiation? Comparing Heterosexual and Non-Heterosexual African American Youth. Arch Sex Behav 2023; 52:2789-2798. [PMID: 36810635 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between youth violence exposures (i.e., peer and neighborhood) and early sexual initiation. It also explored whether caring relationships with teachers might moderate this relationship and whether results differed for heterosexual versus non-heterosexual African American youth. The study sample (N = 580) comprised 475 heterosexual and 105 non-heterosexual youths, 319 female and 261 male, ages 13 to 24 years (M age = 15.8). Students were assessed for peer and neighborhood violence, relationship with teachers, early sexual initiation, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status. Major results indicated a positive relationship between exposure to peer and neighborhood violence and early sexual initiation for heterosexual youth but not those who identified as non-heterosexual. Further, identifying as female (vs. male) was significantly associated with later sexual initiation for both heterosexual and non-heterosexual youth. In addition, caring teachers moderated the relationship between exposure to peer violence and age of sexual initiation among non-heterosexual youth. Programs and interventions to curtail violence sequelae would need to consider the unique effects of various types of youth violence exposures and the significance of sexual orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Hong
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, 5447 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
- Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewha Yeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Alberto Valido
- School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Cortney R VanHook
- School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dorothy L Espelage
- School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dexter R Voisin
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Voisin DR, Takahashi L, Miller DB, Hong JS. Bullying victimization and perpetration: some answers and more questions. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2023; 99:309-311. [PMID: 37148910 PMCID: PMC10373151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dexter R Voisin
- Case Western Reserve University, The Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Lois Takahashi
- University of Southern California, Sol Price School of Public Policy, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - David B Miller
- Case Western Reserve University, The Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jun Sung Hong
- Wayne State University, School of Social Work, Detroit, MI, USA; Ewha Womans University, Department of Social Welfare, Seodaemun-Gu, South Korea
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Lawrence TI, Hong JS, Espelage DL, Voisin DR. Antecedents of sibling aggression and bullying victimization: The parallel and serial contributions of depressive symptoms and substance use. J Affect Disord 2023; 333:193-201. [PMID: 37084977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sibling aggression has received attention as a common form of family violence. However, further research is needed to elucidate several antecedents of sibling aggression perpetration and bullying victimization, such as substance use and depressive symptoms. Additionally, more studies are needed to identify the mediating paths of depressive symptoms and substance use, which could explain the association between bullying victimization and sibling aggression perpetration on the one hand and the association between sibling aggression victimization and bullying victimization on the other hand, while controlling for exposure to family violence and demographic variables. The current study tested two separate mediational models guided by the displaced aggression theory and self-medication hypothesis. METHOD The present study used the Bullying, Sexual, and Dating Violence Trajectories From Early to Late Adolescence in the Midwestern United States, 2007-2013 dataset. The original sample consisted of 1162 middle school students who were initially surveyed and followed into three high schools. For the current study, the first wave was used, which included a sample of 1101 adolescents. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to first examine whether bullying victimization was associated with sibling aggression perpetration. Then another model was conducted to test whether sibling aggression victimization was associated with bullying victimization. RESULTS In the first model, results suggest bullying victimization is positively associated with sibling aggression. Mediation results indicated depressive symptoms and substance use serially mediated the relation between bullying victimization and sibling aggression. In the second model, results suggest that sibling aggression victimization is positively associated with bullying victimization. Parallel mediation results indicated that depressive symptoms alone and not substance use individually explained the association between sibling aggression victimization and bullying victimization. Finally, serial mediation results indicated that depressive symptoms and substance use serially mediate the association between sibling aggression victimization and bullying victimization. LIMITATIONS Limitations include self-report measures and cross-sectional design; therefore, we could not estimate casual relationships. CONCLUSION The implications of these findings suggest the need for continued attention to school-based bully prevention efforts and family relations interventions. Such efforts might be associated with reductions in bullying victimization and sibling aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy I Lawrence
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA.
| | - Jun Sung Hong
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dorothy L Espelage
- School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dexter R Voisin
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Hong JS, Kim J, Cleeland LR, Hicks MR, Voisin DR. Teasing and alcohol drinking among African American adolescents in Chicago's Southside: Implications for nursing practice. Public Health Nurs 2023; 40:439-447. [PMID: 36872883 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Guided by the routine activity theory, the current study proposes and tests pathways by which an absence of a capable guardian can contribute to interactions with motivated offenders and suitable targets, increasing the likelihood of teasing others and using alcohol. SAMPLE The study participants consisted of 612 African American adolescents in four low-income neighborhoods in Chicago's Southside. MEASURES Measures include alcohol use, absence of a capable guardian, the presence of a motivated offender, target suitability, and teasing. Covariates include age, biological sex, and government assistance. Analyses included descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling. RESULTS The absence of a capable guardian variable positively correlated with the presence of a motivated offender. The presence of a motivated offender variable was positively associated with target suitability, which was positively related to teasing and alcohol use. The presence of a motivated offender and target suitability variables were positively associated with teasing and alcohol use. CONCLUSION Findings highlight the importance of capable guardians and potentially have implications for nursing practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Hong
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinwon Kim
- Department of Social Welfare, Hyupsung University, Hwaseong-Si, South Korea
| | - Leah R Cleeland
- College of Education and Human Service Professions, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Megan R Hicks
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Dexter R Voisin
- Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Quinn CR, Waller B, Hughley A, Boyd D, Cobb R, Hardy K, Radney A, Voisin DR. The Relationship between Religion, Substance Misuse, and Mental Health among Black Youth. Religions (Basel) 2023; 14:325. [PMID: 38009108 PMCID: PMC10673626 DOI: 10.3390/rel14030325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Studies suggest that religion is a protective factor for substance misuse and mental health concerns among Black/African American youth despite reported declines in their religious involvement. However, few studies have investigated the associations among religion, substance misuse, and mental health among Black youth. Informed by Critical Race Theory, we evaluated the correlations between gender, depression, substance misuse, and unprotected sex on mental health. Using multiple linear regression, we assessed self-reported measures of drug use and sex, condom use, belief in God, and religiosity on mental health among a sample of Black youth (N = 638) living in a large midwestern city. Results indicated drug use, and sex while on drugs and alcohol, were significant and positively associated with mental health symptoms. Belief in God was negatively associated with having sex while on drugs and alcohol. The study's findings suggest that despite the many structural inequalities that Black youth face, religion continues to be protective for Black youth against a myriad of prevalent problem behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille R. Quinn
- Center for Equitable Family & Community Well-Being, School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bernadine Waller
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ashura Hughley
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Donte Boyd
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ryon Cobb
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NY 08901, USA
| | - Kimberly Hardy
- School of Social Work, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, NC 28301, USA
| | - Angelise Radney
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dexter R. Voisin
- School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Quinn CR, Boyd DT, Menon SE, Mitchell M, Radney A, Coker EJ, Lloyd Allen J, Simmons-Horton S, Hughley A, DiClemente RJ, Voisin DR. Exploring Substance Misuse Behaviors Among Black Girls in Detention: Intersections of Trauma, Sex, and Age. Addict Behav 2023; 143:107693. [PMID: 37003109 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
High risk substance misuse, trauma and gang involvement are prevalent in adolescents and often occur with youth involved with the youth punishment system. Evidence suggests that system involvement is related to trauma histories, substance misuse, as well as gang involvement. This study investigated the associations between individual and peer factors and their relationship to problem drug and alcohol use among Black girls involved with the youth punishment system. Data were collected from 188 Black girls in detention at baseline, as well as 3 and 6 month follow up periods. Measures assessed were abuse history, trauma history, sex while using drugs and alcohol, age, government assistance, and drug use. Significant findings from the multiple regression analyses indicated that younger girls were more likely to have a higher prevalence of having a drug problem than older girls at baseline. Having sex while on drugs and alcohol at the 3 month follow up period was correlated with drug use. These findings highlight how individual and peer factors can influence problem substance misuse, their behavior and peer relationships among Black girls in detention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille R Quinn
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, Center for Equitable Family and Community Well-being, USA.
| | - Donte T Boyd
- The Ohio State University, College of Social Work, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Evelyn J Coker
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Sandra Rosenbaum School of Social Work, USA.
| | | | - Sherri Simmons-Horton
- University of New Hampshire, College of Health and Human Services, Social Work, USA.
| | | | | | - Dexter R Voisin
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, USA.
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13
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Lawrence TI, Hong JS, Sopchak KS, Voisin DR. The association between exposure to community violence and somatic symptoms through bullying victimization among African American adolescents in Chicago: A developmental trauma approach. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:1280-1292. [PMID: 36649603 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The developmental trauma theory suggests that traumatic events impede the ability of individuals to form interpersonal relationships, impair cognition, affect, and increase the vulnerability of adolescents to develop psychopathology. However, few studies have examined the applicability of this theory among African American adolescents who were exposed to community violence and adverse outcomes, including bullying victimization and somatic symptoms. AIMS Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to first test the association between exposure to community violence and somatic symptoms. Then, we explored whether bullying victimization mediated the relationship between exposure to community violence and somatic symptoms while controlling for gender differences and substance use (n = 622). RESULTS Results suggest that exposure to community violence is positively associated with somatic symptoms. Moreover, the association between exposure to community violence and somatic symptoms was mediated by bullying victimization. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results were consistent with the developmental trauma theory, such that trauma could increase the vulnerability for future victimization, thus, leading to somatic symptoms. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy I Lawrence
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Jun S Hong
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kelly S Sopchak
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Dexter R Voisin
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Hong JS, Yan Y, Clark Goings TT, Takahashi LM, Tabb KM, Voisin DR. Potential Pathways From Peer Victimization to Alcohol Use Among Biracial Adolescents: The Intervening Role of Parental Support. J Sch Health 2022; 92:786-793. [PMID: 35347734 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined pathways from peer victimization to alcohol use and the role of parental support in mediating potential peer effects among biracial youth. Given a significant dearth of research on biracial youth, this study addresses this significant gap in the extant literature. METHODS Secondary data analyses were conducted using the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study in the United States. This study enrolled 492 self-identified biracial school-aged youth using a nationally representative sampling of public and private schools. RESULTS Structural equation modeling was computed to test the mediational effects of low number of close friends, affiliation with delinquent friends, and parental support on alcohol use. Major findings indicated that affiliation with delinquent friends was correlated with higher alcohol use, higher levels of parental support were correlated with lower peer victimization, and higher levels of parental support were negatively correlated with affiliation with delinquent peers and alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS Parental and peer effects remain salient for biracial youth who are navigating adolescence and experiencing peer victimization. School-based interventions that include parents and friends of biracial youth are likely to be effective in reducing peer victimization and its negative sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Hong
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Yueqi Yan
- Biostatistics and Data Support Center, Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA
| | | | - Lois M Takahashi
- Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Sacramento, CA
| | - Karen M Tabb
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Dexter R Voisin
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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15
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Hong JS, Wang M, Kim DH, VanHook CR, Clark Goings TT, Voisin DR. Subtypes of Bullying and Types of Substance Use among Urban African American Adolescents: Who Is Likely to Use What? Soc Work Public Health 2022; 37:484-498. [PMID: 35068388 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2022.2029788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the types of drugs likely to be used by bullies, victims, and bully/victims. Participants comprise African American adolescents from three high schools, one youth church group, two community youth programs, and four public venues in low-income communities in Chicago's Southside. A series of logistic regression analyses and latent class analyses were employed. Victims are likely to use alcohol, marijuana, and lean/krokodil. Bullies were likely to use alcohol and marijuana. Bully/victims were not at risk of any of the substances. Our LCA findings revealed a lower occurrence of substance use among victims although 30% used alcohol and marijuana; more than half of bullies showed high levels of alcohol, marijuana, and lean/krokodil use; a diverse pattern of drug use was shown among bully/victims although their lean/krokodil and crack/cocaine use was higher than other subgroups of bullying. The drugs of choice for African American bullies, victims, or bully/victims are variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Hong
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Ha Kim
- Department of Social Welfare, Chungwoon University, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea
| | - Cortney R VanHook
- School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Trenette T Clark Goings
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dexter R Voisin
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Hong JS, Yan Y, Espelage DL, Tabb KM, Caravita SCS, Voisin DR. Peer Victimization and Adverse Psychosocial Wellbeing of Black/White Biracial Adolescents: Is Ease of Talking With Family a Protective Buffer? School Psychology Review 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/2372966x.2022.2034474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Hong JS, Zhang S, Garthe RC, Hicks MR, deLara EW, Voisin DR. Motivation to Move Out of the Community as a Moderator of Bullying Victimization and Delinquent Behavior: Comparing Non-Heterosexual/Cisgender and Heterosexual African American Adolescents in Chicago's Southside. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:12998. [PMID: 34948605 PMCID: PMC8702179 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of research documents that bullying victimization is associated with delinquent behavior. There is an increasing need to better illuminate the factors that might moderate this relationship. This study examined whether the motivation to move out of low-resourced neighborhoods and sexual orientation/gender identity moderated the relationship between bullying victimization and delinquent behavior among a sample of 450 heterosexual and 91 non-heterosexual/cisgender African American youths. Measures considered were bullying victimization, delinquent behavior, sexual orientation/gender identity, motivation to move out, and family demographics. Sexual orientation/gender identity was not associated with youth delinquent behavior after controlling for covariates. Being motivated to move out moderated the association between bullying victimization and delinquent behavior. Sexual orientation/gender identity and being motivated to move out of low-resourced communities jointly contributed to the moderating effect between bullying victimization and delinquent behavior. For non-heterosexual/cisgender youth, bullying victimization is correlated with increased delinquent behavior for those with low motivation to move out of their communities compared with those with an average or higher level of motivation to stay. However, such a moderating effect was not shown for heterosexual youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Hong
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - Saijun Zhang
- Department of Social Work, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Rachel C. Garthe
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Megan R. Hicks
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - Ellen W. deLara
- Falk College of Sport & Human Dynamics, School of Social Work, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA;
| | - Dexter R. Voisin
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada;
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18
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Hong JS, Lee J, McCloskey LA, Victor BG, Wei HS, Voisin DR. Pathways From Witnessing Parental Intimate Partner Violence to Involvement in Bullying: Empirically Testing a Proposed Conceptual Framework. J Prim Prev 2021; 42:583-602. [PMID: 34554374 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-021-00647-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We tested a proposed conceptual framework in which we hypothesized that witnessing parental intimate partner violence (witnessing parental IPV) is linked to children's bullying and peer victimization. We also hypothesized that the relationship between witnessing parental IPV and bullying and peer victimization in childhood would be mediated by increased psychological problem behavior, school absences, and problematic peer interactions. We utilized data from the National Survey of Children's Health. We found that witnessing parental IPV was positively related to children's bullying and peer victimization not only directly, but also indirectly through the mediating role of psychological problem behavior, school absences, and problematic peer interactions. Our findings highlight the importance of exploring the mechanisms by which bullying and peer victimization increase in those who have witnessed parental IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Hong
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, 5447 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Jungup Lee
- Department of Social Work, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Bryan G Victor
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, 5447 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Hsi-Sheng Wei
- Department of Social Work, National Taipei University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dexter R Voisin
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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19
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Hong JS, Zhang S, Burlaka V, Yoshihama M, Yan Y, Voisin DR. From Exposure to Violence between Mother and Her Intimate Partner to Suicidality Experienced by Urban Adolescents in Chicago's Southside. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18157870. [PMID: 34360163 PMCID: PMC8345526 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the relationship between exposure to intimate partner violence and youths’ psychological and other wellbeing has been widely studied, there is limited research about how youths’ exposure to violence between mother and her intimate partner may be related to youth psychological wellbeing. The study used a sample of urban adolescents in Chicago Southbound to examine whether youths’ exposure to verbal conflict between mother and her intimate partner is related to their suicidality and whether youth depression and aggression may be in between such a linkage. Our findings indicated that one-third of the youth had suicidal thoughts or suicidal/self-hurting attempts. Youths’ exposure to verbal conflict between mother and her intimate partner was associated with their depressive and aggressive symptoms, and depressive symptoms subsequently were linked to suicidality. The findings also showed that youth depressive symptoms and aggressive symptoms were positively correlated, which may influence their associations with suicidality. We concluded that youth exposure to parental intimate partner violence, even comparatively mild forms such as a verbal conflict between mother and her intimate partner, may increase their risk of suicidality by worsening psychological wellbeing. The findings highlight the importance of tackling youth suicidality risks while accounting for their exposure to intimate partner violence including verbal conflicts between parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Hong
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-313-577-9367
| | - Saijun Zhang
- Department of Social Work, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Viktor Burlaka
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - Mieko Yoshihama
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Yueqi Yan
- Biostatistics and Data Support, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95344, USA;
| | - Dexter R. Voisin
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada;
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20
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Hong JS, Valido A, Rivas-Koehl MM, Wade RM, Espelage DL, Voisin DR. Bullying victimization, psychosocial functioning, and protective factors: Comparing African American heterosexual and sexual minority adolescents in Chicago's Southside. J Community Psychol 2021; 49:1358-1375. [PMID: 33608898 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
African American heterosexual and sexual minority (SM) adolescents report widespread bullying victimization (BV), which is associated with poorer psychosocial functioning. However, studies examining potential protective factors that moderate this association are limited. Using data from a cross-sectional study conducted in Chicago, we examined the association between BV and psychosocial functioning among a sample of heterosexual (n = 475) and SM (n = 105) African American adolescents and examined whether four empirically-supported protective factors moderated these associations. Among SM adolescents, having close parents was protective against psychosomatic symptoms for those who reported high BV and having caring teachers was protective against substance use for those who reported both high and low BV. Among heterosexual adolescents, having close parents was protective against substance use for those who reported high BV but having high neighborhood support exacerbated the risk of developing psychosomatic symptoms for those who reported high BV. Implications for school and parental-based interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Hong
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Alberto Valido
- School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Ryan M Wade
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Dorothy L Espelage
- School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dexter R Voisin
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Hong JS, Chen JK, Wang SC, Lee JM, Algood CL, Voisin DR. What Types of Delinquent Activities are Bullies, Victims, and Bully/Victims in Urban Neighborhoods Most Likely Involved in? J Pediatr Nurs 2021; 59:55-62. [PMID: 33465568 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study explores which types of delinquent activities bullies, victims, and bully/victims are most at risk of from a sample of urban African American adolescents. DESIGN AND METHODS The research design was cross-sectional, which includes a sample of low-income African American adolescents in Chicago's Southside. The study participants included 523 adolescents. Descriptive statistics, latent class analysis, and logistic regression analysis were conducted. RESULTS Bullies, victims, and bully/victims are all at a heightened risk of theft, threatening behavior, and assaultive behavior. Irrespective of bullying status, delinquency is a serious problem for urban adolescents who are bullies, victims, or bully/victims. CONCLUSIONS Investigating the types of delinquent activities bullies, victims, and bully/victims are most likely to be involved in is important. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Evidence-based treatment plans require assessment tools that are tailored for urban African American adolescents. Nurses are advised to consider interventions that promote resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Hong
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America.
| | - Ji-Kang Chen
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Shu-Chen Wang
- National Academy for Educational Research, Research Center for Education Systems and Policy, Taiwan
| | - Jeoung Min Lee
- School of Social Work, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, United States of America
| | - Carl L Algood
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Dexter R Voisin
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Voisin DR, Takahashi LM. The Relationship Between Violence Syndemics and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among African American Adolescents: Implications for Future Research. J Adolesc Health 2021; 68:937-944. [PMID: 33431249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We present a conceptual framework based on a review of the literature to highlight the interconnecting and reinforcing elements of a violence syndemic and how this syndemic influences sexual risk behaviors among African American heterosexual adolescents. METHODS We review existing peer-reviewed published research from 2000 to 2020 that links a violence syndemic (i.e., racism and race-related stress, neighborhood and police violence, peer violence, and family violence and disruptions) to adolescent sexual risk behaviors. Empirical findings and theoretical underpinnings are used to document this relationship and illuminate the factors that mediate this relationship. RESULTS Empirical studies support the links between specific types of violence and sexual risk behaviors among African American adolescents. Further, existing studies point to the important relationships among the specific types of violence, supporting a violence syndemic approach. CONCLUSIONS While more researchers are examining socio-ecological contextual factors as important predictors for sexual risk behaviors, there remains inadequate understanding about how violence types reinforce one another to heighten sexual risk behaviors among African American heterosexual adolescents. This article presents new directions for adolescent research, especially how a violence syndemic approach can be used to explain sexual risk, but also to refocus intervention design on the complex burdens experienced by this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexter R Voisin
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Lois M Takahashi
- Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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23
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Lee JM, Hong JS, Resko SM, Gonzalez-Prendes AA, Voisin DR. Pathways from bullying victimization to suicidal thoughts among urban African American adolescents: Implications for nurse practitioners. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs 2021; 34:153-163. [PMID: 33904207 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Children and adolescents who are victimized by their peers are at an elevated risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Bullying and suicide are major public health concerns; however, studies have not fully addressed the link between peer victimization and suicidal behavior among urban African American youth. The current study proposed and explored the pathways from peer victimization to suicidal thoughts via internalizing behaviors (i.e., low self-esteem, depression, and hopelessness). DESIGN AND METHODS The sample consisted of 638 African American adolescents (aged 12-22) from low-income communities in Chicago's Southside. A path model using the structural equation model was employed, controlling for biological sex, age, and government assistance. RESULTS The study found that victims of bullying are likely to develop low self-esteem and depression, and depression can contribute to feelings of hopelessness, thereby increasing suicidal risks. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the pathways from bullying victimization to suicidal thoughts is beneficial for nurse practitioners who assess and provide services and treatment to adolescents. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Because of limited resources in urban schools, anti-bullying programs need to be cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeoung Min Lee
- School of Social Work, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Jun Sung Hong
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Stella M Resko
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Dexter R Voisin
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Quinn KG, Spector A, Takahashi L, Voisin DR. Conceptualizing the Effects of Continuous Traumatic Violence on HIV Continuum of Care Outcomes for Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:758-772. [PMID: 32944841 PMCID: PMC7886964 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The United States (US) is on track to achieve the 90-90-90 targets set forth by UNAIDS and the National HIV/AIDS strategy, yet significant racial disparities in HIV care outcomes remain, particularly for young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM). Research has demonstrated that various types of violence are key aspects of syndemics that contribute to disparities in HIV risk. However, little research has looked collectively at cumulative violent experiences and how those might affect HIV treatment and care outcomes. Drawing on extant literature and theoretical underpinnings of syndemics, we provide a conceptual model that highlights how continuous traumatic violence experienced by YBMSM may affect HIV outcomes and contribute to racial disparities in HIV outcomes. The findings of this focused review suggest a need for research on how continuous exposure to various types of violence influence HIV prevention and treatment outcomes for young Black MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G Quinn
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research (CAIR), Medical College of Wisconsin, 2071 N. Summit Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53202, USA.
| | - Antoinette Spector
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Institute for Health Equity, Milwaukee, USA
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25
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Logan-Greene P, Bascug EW, DiClemente RJ, Voisin DR. Heterogeneity of Sexual Risk Profiles Among Juvenile Justice-Involved African American Girls. Child Youth Care Forum 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-020-09594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Waller B, Quinn CR, Boyd D, DiClemente R, Voisin DR. Correlates of depression among Black girls exposed to violence. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021; 9:146-155. [PMID: 33403651 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Depression rates for youth remanded to juvenile detention is double that of the general population and Black girls are especially vulnerable. A dearth of literature analyzes the factors that are correlated with depression among system-involved Black girls, ages 12-17 years old. We utilized personal agency to examine the relationship between risk factors (i.e., abuse history, and fear of condom negotiation) and protective factors (i.e., condom self-efficacy, and perceived social support) that might correlate with depression among Black girls exposed to violence. Findings indicate that fear of condom negotiation, abuse history and low condom self-efficacy are correlated with depressive symptomology while self-esteem and perceived social support are protective factors that may serve as a buffer against girls' feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. The findings of this study suggest several implications for prevention and intervention efforts to reduce the depression-related risks among justice-involved Black females, including strategies that promote healing within their social support networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadine Waller
- School of Social Work, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA.
| | - Camille R Quinn
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Donte Boyd
- Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ralph DiClemente
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dexter R Voisin
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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27
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Hong JS, Zhang S, Yoshihama M, Espelage DL, Garthe RC, Voisin DR. Exposure to mother's verbal conflict with her intimate partner and aggressive behavior of urban adolescents: An empirical test of three criminological theories. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2021; 91:432-442. [PMID: 34138632 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current study applied the General Strain Theory (GST), Social Disorganization Theory (SDT), and Social Control Theory (SCT) to examine the association between exposure to verbal conflict between a mother and her intimate partner, and aggressive behavior of urban adolescents. The sample included 518 urban adolescents (96% Black), aged 14 to 17 years. Descriptive statistics, structural equation modeling (SEM), and moderation analyses were conducted. Consistent with GST, exposure to verbal conflict between the mother and her intimate partner was indirectly associated with aggression, as mediated by emotional distress. Also, consistent with SDT, neighborhood violence was positively associated with aggression. Neighborhood violence was associated with exposure to verbal conflict between their mother and her intimate partner, which was related to aggressive behavior in urban adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Hong JS, Lee JJ, Kim J, Iadipaolo AS, Espelage DL, Voisin DR. Posttraumatic Stress, Academic Performance, and Future Orientation as Pathways to Community Violence Exposure and Sexual Risk among African American Youth in Chicago's Southside. Behav Med 2021; 47:10-20. [PMID: 31039086 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2019.1601610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress, low academic performance, and future orientation as pathways from community violence exposure to sexual risk-taking behavior were examined among 753 African American youth in a large urban school district, ranging from ages of 13 to 24 years. Youth completed a self-report instrument. Youth completed a self-report instrument of Exposure to Violence Probe, University of California at Los Angeles' PTSD Reaction Index Adolescent Version, and Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Scale. Structural equation modeling was performed to examine relationships among the major study variables. Results indicated that community violence exposure was not directly associated with sexual risk behavior. However, community violence exposure had a significantly positive impact on posttraumatic stress, which was associated with low future orientation and sexual risk behavior. Findings suggest that targeted interventions need to consider variables that mediate the association between violence exposure and sexual risk behavior, which can reduce poor sexual health outcomes among urban youth who are exposed to violence in their community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Hong
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University.,Department of Social Welfare, Sungkyunkwan University
| | - Jane J Lee
- School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | - Jingu Kim
- Institute of Community Education, Konkuk University
| | | | | | - Dexter R Voisin
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago
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29
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Kim DH, Michalopoulos LM, Voisin DR. Validation of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 Among Low-Income African American Adolescents Exposed to Community Violence. J Interpers Violence 2021; 36:NP984-NP1002. [PMID: 29294966 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517738778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
African American youth, especially those who reside in low resourced communities, are exposed to higher levels of exposure to community violence relative to their counterparts from other race/ethnic groups. However, appropriate measures for assessing psychological stress related to such exposures are underresearched in the extant literature for this population. The aim of the current study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18) scale among African American youth exposed to community violence through classical test theory and item response theory methods. Internal reliability and construct validity were examined. Results indicated good internal reliability (α = .93). Construct validity of the BSI-18 was established through confirmatory factor analysis with the three-factor somatic, depression, and anxiety model. Construct validity was also determined with all items indicating adequate fit. Our study indicates good reliability and validity of the BSI-18 to assess psychological distress among African American youth exposed to community violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ha Kim
- Chungwoon University, Hongseong, Republic of Korea
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So S, Gaylord-Harden NK, Voisin DR. Examining the Factor Structure of the Coping With Community Violence Scale for Urban Youth. J Interpers Violence 2021; 36:NP1127-NP1154. [PMID: 29294971 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517739889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coping strategies may play an important role in how youth respond to exposure to community violence (ECV) and, in turn, influence the impact of violence exposure on their psychosocial functioning. Unfortunately, the research on coping with ECV has not revealed consistent results, suggesting that the uncontrollable and chronic nature of ECV in low-income, urban communities may require stressor-specific coping strategies. Recent qualitative research identified four types of coping that are specific to ECV for African American adolescents. However, additional quantitative research is needed to understand the adaptiveness of these strategies for African American youth. As such, the current study examined the factor structure of the Coping with Community Violence (CWCV) scale, a measure designed to specifically assess ECV-specific coping strategies, in a sample of 594 African American adolescents (Mage = 15.85, SD = 1.42). Furthermore, to demonstrate the predictive validity of the CWCV measure, the current study examined the moderating role of these ECV-specific coping strategies in the association between ECV and externalizing behaviors. Results from a confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a three-factor model that included getting through coping, getting away coping, and getting along coping demonstrated a good fit to the data. Moderation analyses demonstrated that getting through coping and getting away coping interacted with ECV to predict externalizing behaviors, but the results differed by participant gender. Results are discussed in regard to unique context of ECV as it relates to coping and psychosocial behavior in African American adolescents affected by violence exposure.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the USA, gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV. High levels of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) can dramatically improve outcomes for persons living with HIV and reduce the risk of HIV transmission to others. Yet, there are numerous individual, social, and structural barriers to optimal ART adherence. Many of these factors disproportionately impact Black MSM and may contribute to their poorer rates of ART adherence. This review synthesizes the key challenges and intervention opportunities to improve ART adherence among MSM in the USA. RECENT FINDINGS Key challenges to ART adherence include stigma, violence, depression, and substance use. Black MSM are significantly disadvantaged by several of these factors. There are several promising interventions to improve ART adherence among MSM, and there remains an opportunity to culturally tailor these to the needs of Black MSM populations to enhance adherence. Despite high rates of HIV among MSM, there continues to be a paucity of research on the various contributors to poor ART adherence among this population. Similarly, few interventions have been tested that lead to increased and sustained ART adherence among Black MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G Quinn
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research (CAIR), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 2071 N. Summit, Milwaukee, WI, 53202, USA.
| | - Dexter R Voisin
- Factor-Intwentash School of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Smith NA, Voisin DR, Yang JP, Tung EL. Keeping Your Guard Up: Hypervigilance Among Urban Residents Affected By Community And Police Violence. Health Aff (Millwood) 2020; 38:1662-1669. [PMID: 31589532 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hypervigilance, a state of heightened awareness and watchfulness, is a consequence of violence that has been linked to adverse psychosocial outcomes. Although well documented in veteran populations, it remains poorly quantified in community populations that are exposed to high levels of neighborhood violence. In-person surveys of 504 adults were conducted in Chicago, Illinois, in 2018 to assess the relationships between hypervigilance and exposure to neighborhood violence, including community and police altercations. Exposure to police violence was associated with a 9.8-percentage-point increase in the hypervigilance score (on a 100-point scale)-nearly twice that associated with exposure to community violence (a 5.5-percentage-point increase). Among participants who reported having had a police stop, experiencing the stop as a traumatic event (defined as exposure to actual or threatened death or serious injury) was associated with a 20.0-percentage-point increase in the hypervigilance score. Scoring in the highest quartile of hypervigilance was associated with higher systolic blood pressure (an increase of 8.6 mmHg). Understanding hypervigilance and, importantly, its linkages with violence and health may help inform policing practices and health care responses to violence in urban communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole A Smith
- Nichole A. Smith is a medical student in the Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, in Illinois
| | - Dexter R Voisin
- Dexter R. Voisin is a professor and the Sandra Rotman Endowed Chair in the Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, in Ontario, Canada
| | - Joyce P Yang
- Joyce P. Yang is a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, and the National Center for PTSD, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, both in California
| | - Elizabeth L Tung
- Elizabeth L. Tung ( eliztung@uchicago. edu ) is an instructor of medicine in the Section of General Internal Medicine and the Center for Health and the Social Sciences, University of Chicago, in Illinois
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33
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Chen P, Voisin DR, Marotta PL, Jacobson KC. Racial and ethnic comparison of ecological risk factors and youth outcomes: A test of the desensitization hypothesis. J Child Fam Stud 2020; 29:2722-2733. [PMID: 33814876 PMCID: PMC8011654 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-020-01772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Minority youth, because of structural, ecological, and societal inequalities, are at heightened risk of reporting depression and experiencing negative sanctions associated with delinquency. Sociological theories suggest that greater exposure to ecological risk factors at the peer, family, school and community levels are associated with elevated rates of youth depression and delinquency. Desensitization theory posits that repeated exposures to ongoing stressors result in a numbing of psychological and behavioral responses. Thus, it remains unclear whether racial/ethnic differences exist with regards to how contextual stressors correlate with depression and delinquency. Using a sample of 616 Black, 687 Latinx, and 1,318 White youth, this study explores racial/ethnic differences across four ecological risk factors of risky peers, low family warmth, poor school engagement, and community violence as they relate to youth delinquency and depression. Data were collected through in-school survey of youth from 16 public schools surrounding a major city in the Midwest. Significant racial/ethnic differences provided partial support for the desensitization theory. Among Black youth, the magnitude of relationships between ecological risk factors and delinquency was significantly weaker for three of the four predictors and for all four predictors of depression in comparison to White youth. Among Latinx youth, the magnitude of relationships between ecological risk factors was significantly weaker for depression, but not delinquency, in comparison to White youth. Results indicate that ecological risk factors may have differential associations to youth depression and delinquency, which may call for culturally tailored intervention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Dexter R Voisin
- University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1V4
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34
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Voisin DR, Kim DH, Bassett SM, Marotta PL. Pathways linking family stress to youth delinquency and substance use: Exploring the mediating roles of self-efficacy and future orientation. J Health Psychol 2020; 25:139-151. [PMID: 29575935 PMCID: PMC6401308 DOI: 10.1177/1359105318763992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
African American adolescents in poorer neighborhoods experience significant sanctions related to drug use and delinquency. Parental stress (i.e. substance use, mental distress, and incarceration) is associated with youth drug use and delinquency. We examined whether high self-esteem and positive future orientation mediated parental stress and youth substance use and delinquency. Demographic, family stress, future orientation, self-esteem, and drug use data were collected from 578 youths. Major findings indicated that self-esteem mediated the relationship between family stress and both drug use and delinquency. Future mediated the relationship between family stress and delinquency. Resiliency factors may promote positive development for low-income youth.
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35
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Hong JS, Williams-Butler AB, Garthe RC, Kim J, Voisin DR. Relationship Between Coping Strategies and Peer Victimization Among Low-Income African American Youth Living in Chicago. Child Youth Care Forum 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-019-09528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Hong JS, Hsieh YP, Clary KL, Rose T, Russ R, Voisin DR. Peer Victimization, Internalizing Problems, and Substance Use in Urban African American Adolescents in Chicago: The Relevance of the Self-Medication Hypothesis. Violence Vict 2019; 34:850-866. [PMID: 31575819 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-18-00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore the link between peer victimization and substance use and tested the mediating role of internalizing problems in urban African American adolescents in Chicago. Six hundred and thirty-eight adolescents in Chicago's Southside participated in the study. Results from the hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that youth who reported peer victimization were at risk of internalizing problems. Those who were bullied by their peers were more likely to display internalizing problems, which was also significantly associated with substance use. Consistent with the self-medication hypothesis, findings from the study suggest that bullied youth are likely to display internalizing problems and turn to substance use. Implications for mental health practice in school settings are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Hong
- Sungkyunkwan University, Department of Social Welfare, Seoul, South Korea, Wayne State University, School of Social Work, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Yi-Ping Hsieh
- The University of North Dakota, Department of Social Work, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Kelly Lynn Clary
- The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, School of Social Work, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Theda Rose
- The University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Social Work, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ryan Russ
- Wayne State University, School of Social Work, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Dexter R Voisin
- The University of Toronto, Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, Toronto, Canada
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37
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Skaathun B, Voisin DR, Cornwell B, Lauderdale DS, Schneider JA. A Longitudinal Examination of Factors Associated with Network Bridging Among YMSM: Implications for HIV Prevention. AIDS Behav 2019; 23:1326-1338. [PMID: 30136156 PMCID: PMC6386635 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-2258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Social-environmental factors may be associated with social network stability, which has implications for HIV acquisition. However, the link between social-environmental factors, network composition and HIV risk has not been examined previously among a city-population based sample of young Black men who have sex with Men (YBMSM). Respondent driven sampling was used to recruit a cohort of 618 YMBSM. Respondents were evaluated at baseline, 9 and 18 months beginning June 2013. A logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between bridging (i.e. having non-redundant contacts in one's network, indicating network instability) and social-environmental factors and HIV risk factors between respondents, and a conditional logit model was used to assess these relationships within respondents over time. Bridging was associated with adverse social-environmental factors and higher HIV risk, indicating that bridging may be on the explanatory pathway. Future studies should assess the extent to which network stability factors mitigate HIV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Skaathun
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gillman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA.
| | - Dexter R Voisin
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- STI/HIV Intervention Network, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Diane S Lauderdale
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John A Schneider
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- STI/HIV Intervention Network, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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38
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Kim DH, Bassett SM, So S, Voisin DR. Family stress and youth mental health problems: Self-efficacy and future orientation mediation. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2019; 89:125-133. [PMID: 30589344 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The following study assessed whether future orientation and self-esteem mediated the relationship between family stress and mental health problems among African American youth. Data from this study included 638 African American adolescents purposively sampled from predominantly low-income neighborhoods. Major variables assessed were family stress, self-esteem, future orientation, mental health, and covariates (i.e., gender, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic proxy). Structural equation modeling computed direct and indirect (meditational) relationships between family stress and youth mental health. The average age of participants was 15.83 years old, slightly half of whom were female. The path model detected a significant relationship between family stress and mental health problems. Self-esteem and future orientation had a significant mediation effect on the relationship between family stress and mental health problems. Overall findings underscore the importance of strengthening resilience factors for African American youth, especially those who live in low-income communities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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39
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Hong JS, Kim J, Lee JJ, Shamoun CL, Lee JM, Voisin DR. Pathways From Peer Victimization to Sexually Transmitted Infections Among African American Adolescents. West J Nurs Res 2018; 41:798-815. [PMID: 30178715 DOI: 10.1177/0193945918797327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
African American youths, especially those in low resource communities, are vulnerable to peer victimization, which can increase risk of sexually transmitted infections. However, few studies explored the relationship between these two health concerns and the pathways that may link them. The present study aimed to address this gap. We used descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, and structural equation modeling to analyze data collected from 277 adolescents ages 13 to 24 years in Chicago. Primary results indicated that peer victimization was not directly related to acquisition of sexually transmitted infections. However, peer victimization was negatively associated with condom use, and condom use was negatively associated with sexually transmitted infections. Furthermore, affiliation with sexually active peers was positively associated with substance use. These findings have implications for bullying and sexual risk prevention and intervention of low-income youths. Attention to treatment approaches and interventions that are holistic and culturally feasible is recommended for practitioners working with urban youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Hong
- 1 Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,2 Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinwon Kim
- 2 Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jane J Lee
- 3 University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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40
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Abstract
African American youth bear a disproportionate burden of sexually transmitted infections. A growing number of studies document that youth exposure to community violence and sexual behaviors are highly correlated. Despite such growing evidence, only a few studies have empirically tested conceptually driven pathways that may account for such relationships. This study seeks to address that gap by exploring multiple pathways linking exposure to community violence and youth sexual behaviors. Using an existing sample of 563 African American youth attending high school, we examined whether possible links between exposure to community violence and sexual activity, sexual risk behaviors were mediated by aggression, low student-teacher connectedness, and negative peer norms. Major findings indicated indirect relationships between exposures to community violence and both sexual activity and risky sex, mediated by aggression and negative peer norms with no significant differences based on gender or socioeconomic status. Overall findings also indicated a significant indirect effect of aggression to risky sex via negative peer norms and from community violence to risky peer norms via aggression. By illuminating ways that community violence, aggression, peer norms, and sexual behaviors are dynamically interrelated, these findings have significant implications for future research and intervention initiatives aimed at addressing the different pathways.
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41
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Hotton AL, Keene L, Corbin DE, Schneider J, Voisin DR. The relationship between Black and gay community involvement and HIV-related risk behaviors among Black men who have sex with men. J Gay Lesbian Soc Serv 2017; 30:64-81. [PMID: 30872907 PMCID: PMC6413304 DOI: 10.1080/10538720.2017.1408518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Blackgay men must navigate identities and stigmas related to being gay and Black, and report higher HIV incidence relative to their white male counterparts although they report lower rates of drug use and risky sexual behaviors. This study examined whether closeness to the gay or Black community correlated with HIV related risk and protective behaviors. Data were drawn from uConnect, a population-based cohort study of YBMSM on Chicago's South Side. The sample consists of 618 Black MSM ranging in age from 16-29. Cross sectional measures for this study include Black and gay community closeness, drug use, sexual risk behaviors, HIV testing and health promotion behaviors. Closeness with the gay community was associated with greater PrEP knowledge as well as participating in health promotion programs along with higher rates of transactional sex and having sex under the influence of substances, and increased odds of self-reported HIV seropositivity. Involvement in the Black community was associated with lower odds of reporting being HIV positive. Findings suggest that programs and initiatives are needed to help promote the positive aspects of the Black and gay communities, while minimizing the negative correlates of such involvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Hotton
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lance Keene
- School of Social Service Administration, University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dennis E. Corbin
- School of Social Work, Fayetteville State University,
Fayetteville, NC, USA
| | - John Schneider
- Departments of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- STI/HIV Intervention Network at the University of
Chicago
- Third Coast Center for AIDS Research, Chicago, IL,
USA
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dexter R. Voisin
- School of Social Service Administration, University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- STI/HIV Intervention Network at the University of
Chicago
- Third Coast Center for AIDS Research, Chicago, IL,
USA
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
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42
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Voisin DR, Kim DH, Michalopoulos L, Patel S. Exposure to Community Violence Among Low-Income African American Youth in Chicago: A Latent Class Analysis. Violence Vict 2017; 32:1116-1132. [PMID: 29021010 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-16-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
African American youth are exposed to some of the highest rates of exposure to community violence. However, few studies have explored factors related to exposures and various subtypes of exposures to community violence (i.e., no exposure, witnessing only and being a witness/victim). Among a matched sample of 129 African American youth and their caregivers, no exposure to community violence was correlated with being heterosexual versus being a lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) person, having parents who owned their homes versus rented, and having higher authoritarian parenting attitudes. In addition, being a witness/victim of community violence was correlated with any youth substance use, lower levels of school bonding, having less future orientation, less parental home ownership, and an adverse family history. Practice and programmatic considerations are discussed based on these findings.
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Marotta PL, Voisin DR. Pathways to delinquency and substance use among African American youth: Does future orientation mediate the effects of peer norms and parental monitoring? J Health Psychol 2017; 25:840-852. [PMID: 29105490 DOI: 10.1177/1359105317736912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The following study assessed whether future orientation mediated the effects of peer norms and parental monitoring on delinquency and substance use among 549 African American adolescents. Structural equation modeling computed direct and indirect (meditational) relationships between parental monitoring and peer norms through future orientation. Parental monitoring significantly correlated with lower delinquency through future orientation (B = -.05, standard deviation = .01, p < .01). Future orientation mediated more than quarter (27.70%) of the total effect of parental monitoring on delinquency. Overall findings underscore the importance of strengthening resilience factors for African American youth, especially those who live in low-income communities.
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Voisin DR, Kim DH. "Broken windows": Relationship between neighborhood conditions and behavioral health among low-income African American adolescents. J Health Psychol 2017; 23:527-537. [PMID: 28810366 DOI: 10.1177/1359105316681064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the association between neighborhood conditions and behavioral health among African American youth. Cross-sectional data were collected from 683 African American youth from low-income communities. Measures for demographics, neighborhood conditions (i.e. broken windows index), mental health, delinquency, substance use, and sexual risk behaviors were assessed. Major findings indicated that participants who reported poorer neighborhood conditions compared to those who lived in better living conditions were more likely to report higher rates of mental health problems, delinquency, substance use, and unsafe sexual behaviors. Environmental factors need to be considered when addressing the behavioral health of low-income African American youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dong Ha Kim
- 2 Department of Social Welfare, Chungwoon University, Republic of Korea
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45
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Bird JDP, Eversman M, Voisin DR. "You just can't trust everybody": the impact of sexual risk, partner type and perceived partner trustworthiness on HIV-status disclosure decisions among HIV-positive black gay and bisexual men. Cult Health Sex 2017; 19:829-843. [PMID: 28050947 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2016.1267408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
HIV remains an intractable public health concern in the USA, with infection rates notably concentrated among Black gay and bisexual men. Status disclosure by HIV-positive individuals can be an important aspect of risk reduction but doing so poses dilemmas concerning privacy, stigma and self-protection, especially among populations subjected to multiple types of stigmatisation. Understanding the factors related to the disclosure process can help to inform prevention efforts. Using exploratory in-depth interviews, this qualitative study examines the disclosure process among a sample of twenty HIV-positive Black gay and bisexual men (mean age = 40) recruited through a non-profit health centre in a mid-western city in the USA. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach with HIV-disclosure as an a priori sensitising concept. Fears of stigma and secondary disclosure within social networks were critical barriers to talking about HIV with sexual partners and disclosure decisions involved a complex process centred on three primary themes: degree of sexual risk, partner type and perceived partner trustworthiness. The unique combinations of these contextual factors resulted in increased or decreased likelihood of disclosure. A conceptual model explicating a potential process by which these contextual factors influence disclosure decisions is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D P Bird
- a Department of Social Work , College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark , Newark , USA
| | - Michael Eversman
- a Department of Social Work , College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark , Newark , USA
| | - Dexter R Voisin
- b School of Social Service Administration , University of Chicago , Chicago , USA
- c School of Social Service Administration , STI/HIV Intervention Network , Chicago , USA
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46
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McCullagh C, Quinn K, Voisin DR, Schneider J. A longitudinal examination of factors associated with social support satisfaction among HIV-positive young Black men who have sex with men. AIDS Care 2017. [PMID: 28631491 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2017.1332333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the long-term predictors of social support satisfaction among HIV-positive young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM). Data were collected across three waves between October 2012 and November 2014 as part of the baseline assessment from Project nGage, a preliminary efficacy randomized control study examining the role of social support in improving HIV care among YBMSM. The sample included 92 YBMSM aged 18-29. Major results controlling for age, education and intervention effects indicated that psychological health, social network size, and education at baseline predicted differences in social support satisfaction at Wave 3, with no significant effects based on length of HIV diagnosis. Therefore, interventions that are intended to promote the quality of life for YBMSM and their engagement and retention in HIV care must focus on their psychological health concerns and network size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine Quinn
- b Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine , Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI , USA.,c STI/HIV Intervention Network , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Dexter R Voisin
- a School of School Work , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA.,c STI/HIV Intervention Network , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.,d School of Social Service Administration , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.,e Third Coast Center for AIDS Research , University of Chicago and Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA.,f Chicago Center for HIV Elimination , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - John Schneider
- c STI/HIV Intervention Network , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.,e Third Coast Center for AIDS Research , University of Chicago and Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA.,f Chicago Center for HIV Elimination , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.,g Department of Medicine , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.,h Department of Public Health Sciences , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
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47
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Voisin DR, Hotton AL, Schneider JA. The relationship between life stressors and drug and sexual behaviors among a population-based sample of young Black men who have sex with men in Chicago. AIDS Care 2017; 29:545-551. [PMID: 27590043 PMCID: PMC5577924 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2016.1224303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Younger Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) have the highest rates of HIV incidence in the U.S. and are also exposed to high life stressors (e.g., unemployment, incarceration, and exposure to communality). This study assessed whether life stressors were related to drug use and sexual risk behaviors among a representative sample of YBMSM. The South Side of Chicago and selected adjacent suburbs represents the most populous contiguous Black community in the U.S. Over 10% of the estimated YBMSM population in this geographic region were sampled. Major findings indicated that higher life stress was significantly associated with greater odds of transactional sex (aOR = 2.19; 95% CI 1.09-4.39), substance use with sex with male and transgender partners (aOR = 1.62; 95% CI 1.09-2.39), marijuana (aOR = 2.65; 95% CI 1.43-4.90), crack/cocaine (aOR = 3.21; 95% CI 1.16-8.88), and prescription opioid use (aOR = 3.12; 95% CI 1.37-7.13). HIV approaches which focus on environmental stressors and employ a stress and coping framework may support the reduction of drug and sexual risk behaviors among YBMSM. Cognitive and social support approaches might be especially useful in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexter R Voisin
- a School of Social Service Administration , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Anna L Hotton
- b School of Public Health , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - John A Schneider
- b School of Public Health , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
- c Department of Public Health Sciences , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
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Voisin DR, Quinn K, Kim DH, Schneider J. A Longitudinal Analysis of Antiretroviral Adherence Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Men. J Adolesc Health 2017; 60:411-416. [PMID: 28043754 PMCID: PMC5366075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.10.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Young black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) experience poorer antiretroviral therapy (ART) medication adherence relative to their white counterparts. However, few studies have longitudinally examined factors that may correlate with various classifications of ART adherence among this population, which was the primary aim of this study. METHODS Project nGage was a randomized controlled trial conducted across five Chicago clinics from 2012 to 2015. Survey and medical records data were collected at baseline and 3- and 12-month periods to assess whether psychological distress, HIV stigma, substance use, family acceptance, social support, and self-efficacy predicted ART medication adherence among 92 YBMSM ages 16-29 years. RESULTS Major results controlling for the potential effects of age, education level, employment, and intervention condition indicated that participants with high versus low medication adherence were less likely to report daily/weekly alcohol or marijuana use, had higher family acceptance, and exhibited greater self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS These findings identity important factors that can be targeted in clinical and program interventions to help improve ART medication adherence for YBMSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexter R. Voisin
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,STI/HIV Intervention Network, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Third Coast Center for AIDS Research, University of Chicago and Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine Quinn
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Dong Ha Kim
- Sungkyunkwan University, Department of Social Work, Seoul, South Korea
| | - John Schneider
- Third Coast Center for AIDS Research, University of Chicago and Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mounting literature suggests that parental monitoring, risky peer norms, and future orientation correlate with illicit drug use and delinquency. However, few studies have investigated these constructs simultaneously in a single statistical model with low income African American youth. This study examined parental monitoring, peer norms and future orientation as primary pathways to drug use and delinquent behaviors in a large sample of African American urban adolescents. METHODS A path model tested direct paths from peer norms, parental monitoring, and future orientation to drug use and delinquency outcomes after adjusting for potential confounders such as age, socioeconomic, and sexual orientation in a sample of 541 African American youth. RESULTS Greater scores on measures of risky peer norms were associated with heightened risk of delinquency with an effect size that was twice in magnitude compared to the protective effects of future orientation. Regarding substance use, greater perceived risky peer norms correlated with the increased likelihood of substance use with a standardized effect size 3.33 times in magnitude compared to the protective effects of parental monitoring. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study suggest that interventions targeting risky peer norms among adolescent African American youth may correlate with a greater impact on reductions in substance use and delinquency than exclusively targeting parental monitoring or future orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip L. Marotta
- Columbia University, School of Social Work, USA
- The Social Intervention Group, USA
| | - Dexter R. Voisin
- University of Chicago, School of Social Service Administration, USA
- STI/HIV Intervention Network, USA
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Hong JS, Voisin DR, Cho S, Smith DC, Resko SM. Peer victimization and substance use among African American adolescents and emerging adults on Chicago's Southside. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2017; 88:431-440. [PMID: 28287779 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Urban African-American youth residing in poorly resourced communities are at a heightened risk of peer victimization, which consequently increases their likelihood of risky behaviors such as substance use. The present study examined whether there was a direct relationship between peer victimization and substance use and whether it was mediated by negative peer norms, internalizing problems, and bullying perpetration. African-American youth (n = 638) completed a self-administered questionnaire on age, biological sex, socioeconomic status, lifetime substance use, peer victimization and bullying perpetration, negative peer norms, and internalizing problems. There were no direct effects between peer victimization and substance use. However, negative peer norms and bullying were both independently associated with substance use, although internalizing problems were not significant. In addition, peer victimization increased the odds of internalizing problems. Social services must be expended in low-income communities to effectively address peer victimization and substance use among urban African-American youth. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dexter R Voisin
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago
| | - Sujung Cho
- Social Justice and Criminology, Delta State University
| | - Douglas C Smith
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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