1
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Laubach M, Whyte S, Chan HF, Hildebrand F, Holzapfel B, Kneser U, Dulleck U, Hutmacher DW. How framing bias impacts preferences for innovation in bone tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2024. [PMID: 38756080 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
It is currently unknown if surgeons and biomaterial scientists &or tissue engineers (BS&orTE) process and evaluate information in similar or different (un)biased ways. For the gold standard of surgery to move "from bench to bedside", there must naturally be synergies between these key stakeholders' perspectives. Because only a small number of biomaterials & tissue engineering innovations have been translated into the clinic today, we hypothesised this lack of translation is rooted in the psychology of surgeons and BS&orTE. Presently, both clinicians and researchers doubt the compatibility of surgery and research in their daily routines. This has led to the use of a metaphorical expression "squaring of the circle," which implies an unsolvable challenge. As bone tissue engineering belongs to the top 5 research areas in tissue engineering we choose the field of bone defect treatment options for our bias study. Our study uses an online survey instrument for data capture: incorporating a behavioural economics cognitive framing experiment methodology. Our study sample consisted of surgeons (n=208) and BS&orTE (n=59). And we employed a convenience sampling method, with participants (conference attendants) being approached both in person and via email - 22 October 2022-13 March 2023. We find no distinct positive-negative cognitive framing differences by occupation. That is, any framing bias present in this surgical decision-making setting does not appear to differ significantly between surgeon and BS&orTE specialisation. When we explored within group differences by frames, we see statistically significant (p<0.05) results for surgeons in the positive frame ranking autologous bone graft transplantation lower compared to surgeons in the negative frame. Further, surgeons in the positive frame rank Ilizarov bone transport method higher compared to surgeons in the negative frame (p<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Laubach
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Stephen Whyte
- Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4001;
| | - Ho Fai Chan
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany;
| | - Boris Holzapfel
- LMU Hospital MUM - Musculoskeletal University Center Munich - Innenstadt Campus, Munchen, Bayern, Germany;
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- University Hospital of Erlangen, Plastic and Hand Surgery, Krankenhausstrasse 12, Erlangen, Germany, 91054;
| | - Uwe Dulleck
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Dietmar Werner Hutmacher
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4059;
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2
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Dargaville BL, Hutmacher DW. Water as the often neglected medium at the interface between materials and biology. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4222. [PMID: 35864087 PMCID: PMC9304379 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its apparent simplicity, water behaves in a complex manner and is fundamental in controlling many physical, chemical and biological processes. The molecular mechanisms underlying interaction of water with materials, particularly polymer networks such as hydrogels, have received much attention in the research community. Despite this, a large gulf still exists in applying what is known to rationalize how the molecular organization of water on and within these materials impacts biological processes. In this perspective, we outline the importance of water in biomaterials science as a whole and give indications for future research directions towards emergence of a complete picture of water, materials and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Dargaville
- Max Planck Queensland Centre on the Materials Science for Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - D W Hutmacher
- Max Planck Queensland Centre on the Materials Science for Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia.
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3
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Whyte S, Bray LJ, Chan HF, Chan RJ, Hunt J, Peltz TS, Dulleck U, Hutmacher DW. Knowledge, consultation time, and choice in breast reconstruction. Br J Surg 2021; 108:e168-e169. [PMID: 33793770 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Whyte
- School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - L J Bray
- Centre for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - H F Chan
- School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - R J Chan
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Metro South Health, School of Nursing, and Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Hunt
- Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - T S Peltz
- Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - U Dulleck
- School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - D W Hutmacher
- Centre for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,ARC Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling and Manufacturing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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4
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Moreno-Jiménez I, Cipitria A, Sánchez-Herrero A, van Tol AF, Roschger A, Lahr CA, McGovern JA, Hutmacher DW, Fratzl P. Human and mouse bones physiologically integrate in a humanized mouse model while maintaining species-specific ultrastructure. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/44/eabb9265. [PMID: 33115741 PMCID: PMC7608795 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb9265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Humanized mouse models are increasingly studied to recapitulate human-like bone physiology. While human and mouse bone architectures differ in multiple scales, the extent to which chimeric human-mouse bone physiologically interacts and structurally integrates remains unknown. Here, we identify that humanized bone is formed by a mosaic of human and mouse collagen, structurally integrated within the same bone organ, as shown by immunohistochemistry. Combining this with materials science techniques, we investigate the extracellular matrix of specific human and mouse collagen regions. We show that human-like osteocyte lacunar-canalicular network is retained within human collagen regions and is distinct to that of mouse tissue. This multiscale analysis shows that human and mouse tissues physiologically integrate into a single, functional bone tissue while maintaining their species-specific ultrastructural differences. These results offer an original method to validate and advance tissue-engineered human-like bone in chimeric animal models, which grow to be eloquent tools in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Moreno-Jiménez
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A Cipitria
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Potsdam, Germany
| | - A Sánchez-Herrero
- Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A F van Tol
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Potsdam, Germany
| | - A Roschger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Potsdam, Germany
| | - C A Lahr
- Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J A McGovern
- Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D W Hutmacher
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Potsdam, Germany.
- Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Potsdam, Germany.
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5
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Black C, Kanczler JM, de Andrés MC, White LJ, Savi FM, Bas O, Saifzadeh S, Henkel J, Zannettino A, Gronthos S, Woodruff MA, Hutmacher DW, Oreffo ROC. Characterisation and evaluation of the regenerative capacity of Stro-4+ enriched bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells using bovine extracellular matrix hydrogel and a novel biocompatible melt electro-written medical-grade polycaprolactone scaffold. Biomaterials 2020; 247:119998. [PMID: 32251928 PMCID: PMC7184676 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many skeletal tissue regenerative strategies centre around the multifunctional properties of bone marrow derived stromal cells (BMSC) or mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC)/bone marrow derived skeletal stem cells (SSC). Specific identification of these particular stem cells has been inconclusive. However, enriching these heterogeneous bone marrow cell populations with characterised skeletal progenitor markers has been a contributing factor in successful skeletal bone regeneration and repair strategies. In the current studies we have isolated, characterised and enriched ovine bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (oBMSCs) using a specific antibody, Stro-4, examined their multipotential differentiation capacity and, in translational studies combined Stro-4+ oBMSCs with a bovine extracellular matrix (bECM) hydrogel and a biocompatible melt electro-written medical-grade polycaprolactone scaffold, and tested their bone regenerative capacity in a small in vivo, highly vascularised, chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model and a preclinical, critical-sized ovine segmental tibial defect model. Proliferation rates and CFU-F formation were similar between unselected and Stro-4+ oBMSCs. Col1A1, Col2A1, mSOX-9, PPARG gene expression were upregulated in respective osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic culture conditions compared to basal conditions with no significant difference between Stro-4+ and unselected oBMSCs. In contrast, proteoglycan expression, alkaline phosphatase activity and adipogenesis were significantly upregulated in the Stro-4+ cells. Furthermore, with extended cultures, the oBMSCs had a predisposition to maintain a strong chondrogenic phenotype. In the CAM model Stro-4+ oBMSCs/bECM hydrogel was able to induce bone formation at a femur fracture site compared to bECM hydrogel and control blank defect alone. Translational studies in a critical-sized ovine tibial defect showed autograft samples contained significantly more bone, (4250.63 mm3, SD = 1485.57) than blank (1045.29 mm3, SD = 219.68) ECM-hydrogel (1152.58 mm3, SD = 191.95) and Stro-4+/ECM-hydrogel (1127.95 mm3, SD = 166.44) groups. Stro-4+ oBMSCs demonstrated a potential to aid bone repair in vitro and in a small in vivo bone defect model using select scaffolds. However, critically, translation to a large related preclinical model demonstrated the complexities of bringing small scale reported stem-cell material therapies to a clinically relevant model and thus facilitate progression to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Black
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development & Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - J M Kanczler
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development & Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - M C de Andrés
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development & Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK; Cartilage Epigenetics Group, Rheumatology Division, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña (INIBIC), Hospital Universitario de A Coruña-CHUAC, 15006 A Coruña ,Spain
| | - L J White
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - F M Savi
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia; Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - O Bas
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia; Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - S Saifzadeh
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - J Henkel
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - A Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia and Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia and Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - S Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia and Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - M A Woodruff
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - D W Hutmacher
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia; Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - R O C Oreffo
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development & Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK; College of Biomedical Engineering, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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6
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Griffin M, Castro N, Bas O, Saifzadeh S, Butler P, Hutmacher DW. The Current Versatility of Polyurethane Three-Dimensional Printing for Biomedical Applications. Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews 2020; 26:272-283. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Griffin
- Charles Wolfson Centre for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Castro
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Onur Bas
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Siamak Saifzadeh
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Butler
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dietmar Werner Hutmacher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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7
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Savi FM, Lawrence F, Hutmacher DW, Woodruff MA, Bray LJ, Wille ML. Histomorphometric Evaluation of Critical-Sized Bone Defects Using Osteomeasure and Aperio Image Analysis Systems. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 25:732-741. [PMID: 31663423 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2019.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most histological evaluations of critical-sized bone defects are limited to the analysis of a few regions of interest at a time. Manual and semiautomated histomorphometric approaches often have intra- and interobserver subjectivity, as well as variability in image analysis methods. Moreover, the production of large image data sets makes histological assessment and histomorphometric analysis labor intensive and time consuming. Herein, we tested and compared two image segmentation methods: thresholding (automated) and region-based (manual) modes, for quantifying complete image sets across entire critical-sized bone defects, using the widely used Osteomeasure system and the freely downloadable Aperio Image Scope software. A comparison of bone histomorphometric data showed strong agreement between the automated segmentation mode of the Osteomeasure software with the manual segmentation mode of Aperio Image Scope analysis (bone formation R2 = 0.9615 and fibrous tissue formation R2 = 0.8734). These results indicate that Aperio is capable of handling large histological images, with excellent speed performance in producing highly consistent histomorphometric evaluations compared with the Osteomeasure image analysis system. The statistical evaluation of these two major bone parameters demonstrated that Aperio Image Scope is as capable as Osteomeasure. This study developed a protocol to improve the quality of results and reduce analysis time, while also promoting the standardization of image analysis protocols for the histomorphometric analysis of critical-sized bone defect samples. Impact Statement Despite bone tissue engineering innovations increasing over the last decade, histomorphometric analysis of large bone defects used to study such approaches continues to pose a challenge for pathological assessment. This is due to the resulting large image data set, and the lack of a gold standard image analysis protocol to quantify histological outcomes. Herein, we present a standardized protocol for the image analysis of critical-sized bone defect samples stained with Goldner's Trichrome using the Osteomeasure and Aperio Image Scope image analysis systems. The results were critically examined to determine their reproducibility and accuracy for analyzing large bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Medeiros Savi
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Felicity Lawrence
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Dietmar Werner Hutmacher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia.,ARC Center for Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Maria Ann Woodruff
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia.,ARC Center for Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia.,Biofabrication and Tissue Morphology Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Laura Jane Bray
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Marie-Luise Wille
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
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8
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Abstract
This study reports on scaffold-based periodontal tissue engineering in a large preclinical animal model. A biphasic scaffold consisting of bone and periodontal ligament compartments manufactured by melt and solution electrospinning, respectively, was used for the delivery of in vitro matured cell sheets from 3 sources: gingival cells (GCs), bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (Bm-MSCs), and periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). The construct featured a 3-dimensional fibrous bone compartment with macroscopic pore size, while the periodontal compartment consisted of a flexible porous membrane for cell sheet delivery. The regenerative performance of the constructs was radiographically and histologically assessed in surgically created periodontal defects in sheep following 5 and 10 wk of healing. Histologic observation demonstrated that the constructs maintained their shape and volume throughout the entirety of the in vivo study and were well integrated with the surrounding tissue. There was also excellent tissue integration between the bone and periodontal ligament compartments as well as the tooth root interface, enabling the attachment of periodontal ligament fibers into newly formed cementum and bone. Bone coverage along the root surface increased between weeks 5 and 10 in the Bm-MSC and PDLC groups. At week 10, the micro-computed tomography results showed that the PDLC group had greater bone fill as compared with the empty scaffold, while the GC group had less bone than the 3 other groups (control, Bm-MSC, and PDLC). Periodontal regeneration, as measured by histologically verified new bone and cementum formation with obliquely inserted periodontal ligament fibers, increased between 5 and 10 wk for the empty, Bm-MSC, and PDLC groups, while the GC group was inferior to the Bm-MSC and PDLC groups at 10 wk. This study demonstrates that periodontal regeneration can be achieved via the utilization of a multiphasic construct, with Bm-MSCs and PDLCs obtaining superior results as compared with GC-derived cell sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vaquette
- 1 Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,2 Center in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health of Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Australia.,3 School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - S Saifzadeh
- 1 Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,2 Center in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health of Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - A Farag
- 3 School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - D W Hutmacher
- 1 Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,2 Center in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health of Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - S Ivanovski
- 3 School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
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9
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Abstract
Tissue engineering provides the possibility of regenerating damaged or lost osseous structures without the need for permanent implants. Within this context, biodegradable and bioresorbable scaffolds can provide structural and biomechanical stability until the body's own tissue can take over their function. Additive biomanufacturing makes it possible to design the scaffold's architectural characteristics to specifically guide tissue formation and regeneration. Its nano-, micro-, and macro-architectural properties can be tailored to ensure vascularization, oxygenation, nutrient supply, waste exchange, and eventually ossification not only in its periphery but also in its center, which is not in direct contact with osteogenic elements of the surrounding healthy tissue. In this article we provide an overview about our conceptual design and process of the clinical translation of scaffold-based bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Holzapfel
- Orthopädische Klinik König-Ludwig Haus, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, 97074, Würzburg, Deutschland. .,Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4049, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - M Rudert
- Orthopädische Klinik König-Ludwig Haus, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, 97074, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - D W Hutmacher
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4049, Brisbane, Australia
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10
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Little JP, Pettet GJ, Hutmacher DW, Loessner D. SpheroidSim-Preliminary evaluation of a new computational tool to predict the influence of cell cycle time and phase fraction on spheroid growth. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:1335-1343. [PMID: 30009492 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a relative paucity of research that integrates materials science and bioengineering with computational simulations to decipher the intricate processes promoting cancer progression. Therefore, a first-generation computational model, SpheroidSim, was developed that includes a biological data set derived from a bioengineered spheroid model to obtain a quantitative description of cell kinetics. RESULTS SpheroidSim is a 3D agent-based model simulating the growth of multicellular cancer spheroids. Cell cycle time and phases mathematically motivated the population growth. SpheroidSim simulated the growth dynamics of multiple spheroids by individually defining a collection of specific phenotypic traits and characteristics for each cell. Experimental data derived from a hydrogel-based spheroid model were fit to the predictions providing insight into the influence of cell cycle time (CCT) and cell phase fraction (CPF) on the cell population. A comparison of the number of active cells predicted for each analysis showed that the value and method used to define CCT had a greater effect on the predicted cell population than CPF. The model predictions were similar to the experimental results for the number of cells, with the predicted total number of cells varying by 8% and 12%, respectively, compared to the experimental data. CONCLUSIONS SpheroidSim is a first step in developing a biologically based predictive tool capable of revealing fundamental elements in cancer cell physiology. This computational model may be applied to study the effect of the microenvironment on spheroid growth and other cancer cell types that demonstrate a similar multicellular clustering behavior as the population develops. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:1335-1343, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Little
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - G J Pettet
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - D W Hutmacher
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Research Centre for Additive Biomanufacturing, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,George W Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - D Loessner
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
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11
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Abstract
Tissue engineering and its clinical application, regenerative medicine, are instructing multiple approaches to aid in replacing bone loss after defects caused by trauma or cancer. In such cases, bone formation can be guided by engineered biodegradable and nonbiodegradable scaffolds with clearly defined architectural and mechanical properties informed by evidence-based research. With the ever-increasing expansion of bone tissue engineering and the pioneering research conducted to date, preclinical models are becoming a necessity to allow the engineered products to be translated to the clinic. In addition to creating smart bone scaffolds to mitigate bone loss, the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is exploring methods to treat primary and secondary bone malignancies by creating models that mimic the clinical disease manifestation. This Review gives an overview of the preclinical testing in animal models used to evaluate bone regeneration concepts. Immunosuppressed rodent models have shown to be successful in mimicking bone malignancy via the implantation of human-derived cancer cells, whereas large animal models, including pigs, sheep and goats, are being used to provide an insight into bone formation and the effectiveness of scaffolds in induced tibial or femoral defects, providing clinically relevant similarity to human cases. Despite the recent progress, the successful translation of bone regeneration concepts from the bench to the bedside is rooted in the efforts of different research groups to standardise and validate the preclinical models for bone tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui Anne McGovern
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia
| | - Michelle Griffin
- Charles Wolfson Center for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, NW3 2QG, UK.,UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Dietmar Werner Hutmacher
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia .,George W Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
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12
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Quent VMC, Taubenberger AV, Reichert JC, Martine LC, Clements JA, Hutmacher DW, Loessner D. A humanised tissue‐engineered bone model allows species‐specific breast cancer‐related bone metastasis in vivo. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:494-504. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- VMC Quent
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Martin‐Luther‐Krankenhaus Charité Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - AV Taubenberger
- Biotechnology Center Dresden Technical University of Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - JC Reichert
- Department of Orthopedics and Accident Surgery, Waldkrankenhaus Protestant Hospital Charité Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - LC Martine
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Australia
| | - JA Clements
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre—–Queensland, Translational Research Institute Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia
| | - DW Hutmacher
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre—–Queensland, Translational Research Institute Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA
- Institute for Advanced Study Technische Universität München Garching Germany
| | - D Loessner
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Australia
- Barts Cancer Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK
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13
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Schantz JT, Hutmacher DW, Chim H, Ng KW, Lim TC, Teoh SH. Induction of Ectopic Bone Formation by Using Human Periosteal Cells in Combination with a Novel Scaffold Technology. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/096020198389852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their osteogenic germination potential, periosteum-derived osteoprogenitor cells are a potential source for tissue engineering a bone graft that could be used to regenerate skeletal defects. In this study we evaluated if ectopic bone formation could be induced by a construct made of human periosteal cells and a novel scaffold architecture whose mechanical properties are in the range of cancellous bone. Biopsies from human calvarial periosteum were harvested and cells were isolated from the inner cambial layer. Fifty thousand periosteal cells were seeded into the scaffolds measuring 6 × 6 × 2 mm. The cell–scaffold constructs were cultured for a period of 3 weeks prior to implantation into balb C nude mice. Mice were sacrificed and implants were analyzed 6 and 17 weeks postoperatively. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the osteoblastic phenotype of the seeded cells. Formation of focal adhesions and stress fibers could be observed in both scaffold architectures. Three-dimensional cell proliferation was observed after 2 weeks of culturing with centripetal growth pattern inside the pore network. The deposition of calcified extracellular matrix was observed after 3 weeks of culturing. In vivo, endochondral bone formation with osteoid production was detectable via von Kossa and Osteocalcin staining after 6 and 17 weeks. Histology and SEM revealed that the entire scaffold/bone grafts were penetrated by a vascular network. This study showed the potential of bone tissue engineering by using human periosteal cells in combination with a novel scaffold technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Thorsten Schantz
- Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260
- #Department of Plastic Surgery, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074
| | - Dietmar Werner Hutmacher
- Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260
| | - Harvey Chim
- Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260
| | - Thiam Chye Lim
- #Department of Plastic Surgery, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074
| | - Swee Hin Teoh
- Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260
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14
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Holzapfel NP, Shokoohmand A, Wagner F, Landgraf M, Champ S, Holzapfel BM, Clements JA, Hutmacher DW, Loessner D. Lycopene reduces ovarian tumor growth and intraperitoneal metastatic load. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:1322-1336. [PMID: 28670494 PMCID: PMC5489781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutagens like oxidants cause lesions in the DNA of ovarian and fallopian tube epithelial cells, resulting in neoplastic transformation. Reduced exposure of surface epithelia to oxidative stress may prevent the onset or reduce the growth of ovarian cancer. Lycopene is well-known for its excellent antioxidant properties. In this study, the potential of lycopene in the prevention and treatment of ovarian cancer was investigated using an intraperitoneal animal model. Lycopene prevention significantly reduced the metastatic load of ovarian cancer-bearing mice, whereas treatment of already established ovarian tumors with lycopene significantly diminished the tumor burden. Lycopene treatment synergistically enhanced anti-tumorigenic effects of paclitaxel and carboplatin. Immunostaining of tumor and metastatic tissues for Ki67 revealed that lycopene reduced the number of proliferating cancer cells. Lycopene decreased the expression of the ovarian cancer biomarker, CA125. The anti-metastatic and anti-proliferative effects were accompanied by down-regulated expression of ITGA5, ITGB1, MMP9, FAK, ILK and EMT markers, decreased protein expression of integrin α5 and reduced activation of MAPK. These findings indicate that lycopene interferes with mechanisms involved in the development and progression of ovarian cancer and that its preventive and therapeutic use, combined with chemotherapeutics, reduces the tumor and metastatic burden of ovarian cancer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Pauline Holzapfel
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ali Shokoohmand
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ferdinand Wagner
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University MunichLindwurmstr. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Marietta Landgraf
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Simon Champ
- Human Nutrition, BASF SE, G-ENH/MB68623 Lampertheim, Germany
| | - Boris Michael Holzapfel
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia
- Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Koenig-Ludwig HausBrettreichstr. 11, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Judith Ann Clements
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dietmar Werner Hutmacher
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Brisbane, Australia
- George W Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology801 Ferst Drive Northwest, Atlanta 30332, GA, USA
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of MunichLichtenbergstr. 2a, 85748 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Loessner
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia
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15
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Baldwin JG, Wagner F, Martine LC, Holzapfel BM, Theodoropoulos C, Bas O, Savi FM, Werner C, De-Juan-Pardo EM, Hutmacher DW. Periosteum tissue engineering in an orthotopic in vivo platform. Biomaterials 2016; 121:193-204. [PMID: 28092776 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The periosteum plays a critical role in bone homeostasis and regeneration. It contains a vascular component that provides vital blood supply to the cortical bone and an osteogenic niche that acts as a source of bone-forming cells. Periosteal grafts have shown promise in the regeneration of critical size defects, however their limited availability restricts their widespread clinical application. Only a small number of tissue-engineered periosteum constructs (TEPCs) have been reported in the literature. A current challenge in the development of appropriate TEPCs is a lack of pre-clinical models in which they can reliably be evaluated. In this study, we present a novel periosteum tissue engineering concept utilizing a multiphasic scaffold design in combination with different human cell types for periosteal regeneration in an orthotopic in vivo platform. Human endothelial and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) were used to mirror both the vascular and osteogenic niche respectively. Immunohistochemistry showed that the BM-MSCs maintained their undifferentiated phenotype. The human endothelial cells developed into mature vessels and connected to host vasculature. The addition of an in vitro engineered endothelial network increased vascularization in comparison to cell-free constructs. Altogether, the results showed that the human TEPC (hTEPC) successfully recapitulated the osteogenic and vascular niche of native periosteum, and that the presented orthotopic xenograft model provides a suitable in vivo environment for evaluating scaffold-based tissue engineering concepts exploiting human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Baldwin
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - F Wagner
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery for the University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Bad Abbach, Germany; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - L C Martine
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - B M Holzapfel
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Koenig-Ludwig Haus, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - C Theodoropoulos
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - O Bas
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - F M Savi
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - C Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - E M De-Juan-Pardo
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - D W Hutmacher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.
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16
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Holzapfel NP, Holzapfel BM, Theodoropoulos C, Kaemmerer E, Rausch T, Feldthusen J, Champ S, Clements JA, Hutmacher DW, Loessner D. Lycopene's Effects on Cancer Cell Functions within Monolayer and Spheroid Cultures. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:350-63. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1150498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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17
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Holzapfel BM, Wagner F, Thibaudeau L, Levesque JP, Hutmacher DW. Concise review: humanized models of tumor immunology in the 21st century: convergence of cancer research and tissue engineering. Stem Cells 2016; 33:1696-704. [PMID: 25694194 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite positive testing in animal studies, more than 80% of novel drug candidates fail to proof their efficacy when tested in humans. This is primarily due to the use of preclinical models that are not able to recapitulate the physiological or pathological processes in humans. Hence, one of the key challenges in the field of translational medicine is to "make the model organism mouse more human." To get answers to questions that would be prognostic of outcomes in human medicine, the mouse's genome can be altered in order to create a more permissive host that allows the engraftment of human cell systems. It has been shown in the past that these strategies can improve our understanding of tumor immunology. However, the translational benefits of these platforms have still to be proven. In the 21st century, several research groups and consortia around the world take up the challenge to improve our understanding of how to humanize the animal's genetic code, its cells and, based on tissue engineering principles, its extracellular microenvironment, its tissues, or entire organs with the ultimate goal to foster the translation of new therapeutic strategies from bench to bedside. This article provides an overview of the state of the art of humanized models of tumor immunology and highlights future developments in the field such as the application of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies to further enhance humanized murine model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Michael Holzapfel
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Wagner
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Orthopedics, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Laure Thibaudeau
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Levesque
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Blood and Bone Diseases Program, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dietmar Werner Hutmacher
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Garching, Munich, Germany
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18
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Berner A, Henkel J, Woodruff MA, Saifzadeh S, Kirby G, Zaiss S, Gohlke J, Reichert JC, Nerlich M, Schuetz MA, Hutmacher DW. Scaffold-cell bone engineering in a validated preclinical animal model: precursors vs differentiated cell source. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:2081-2089. [PMID: 26648044 DOI: 10.1002/term.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The properties of osteoblasts (OBs) isolated from the axial skeleton (tOBs) differ from OBs of the orofacial skeleton (mOBs) due to the different embryological origins of the bones. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the regenerative potential of allogenic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells with allogenic tOBs and allogenic mOBs in combination with a mPCL-TCP scaffold in critical-sized segmental bone defects in sheep tibiae. After 6 months, the tibiae were explanted and underwent biomechanical testing, micro-computed tomography (microCT) and histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Allogenic MPCs demonstrated a trend towards a better outcome in biomechanical testing and the mean values of newly formed bone. Biomechanical, microCT and histological analysis showed no significant differences in the bone regeneration potential of tOBs and mOBs in our in vitro study, as well as in the bone regeneration potential of different cell types in vivo. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Berner
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Henkel
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M A Woodruff
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Saifzadeh
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - G Kirby
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Zaiss
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Gohlke
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J C Reichert
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Orthopaedics and Accident Surgery, Waldkrankenhaus Protestant Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Nerlich
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - M A Schuetz
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - D W Hutmacher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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19
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Hynes K, Menichanin D, Bright R, Ivanovski S, Hutmacher DW, Gronthos S, Bartold PM. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: A New Frontier for Stem Cells in Dentistry. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1508-15. [PMID: 26285811 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515599769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are the newest member of a growing list of stem cell populations that hold great potential for use in cell-based treatment approaches in the dental field. This review summarizes the dental tissues that have successfully been utilized to generate iPSC lines, as well as the potential uses of iPSCs for tissue regeneration in different dental applications. While iPSCs display great promise in a number of dental applications, there are safety concerns with these cells that need to be addressed before they can be used in clinical settings. This review outlines some of the apprehensions to the use of iPSCs clinically, and it details approaches that are being employed to ensure the safety and efficacy of these cells. One of the major approaches being investigated is the differentiation of iPSCs prior to use in patients. iPSCs have successfully been differentiated into a wide range of cells and tissue types. This review focuses on 2 differentiation approaches-the differentiation of iPSCs into mesenchymal stem cells and the differentiation of iPSCs into osteoprogenitor cells. Both these resulting populations of cells are particularly relevant to the dental field.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hynes
- Colgate Australian Dental Research Centre, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - D Menichanin
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - R Bright
- Colgate Australian Dental Research Centre, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - S Ivanovski
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - D W Hutmacher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S Gronthos
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - P M Bartold
- Colgate Australian Dental Research Centre, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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20
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Hutmacher DW, Holzapfel BM, De-Juan-Pardo EM, Pereira BA, Ellem SJ, Loessner D, Risbridger GP. Convergence of regenerative medicine and synthetic biology to develop standardized and validated models of human diseases with clinical relevance. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 35:127-32. [PMID: 26121082 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to progress beyond currently available medical devices and implants, the concept of tissue engineering has moved into the centre of biomedical research worldwide. The aim of this approach is not to replace damaged tissue with an implant or device but rather to prompt the patient's own tissue to enact a regenerative response by using a tissue-engineered construct to assemble new functional and healthy tissue. More recently, it has been suggested that the combination of Synthetic Biology and translational tissue-engineering techniques could enhance the field of personalized medicine, not only from a regenerative medicine perspective, but also to provide frontier technologies for building and transforming the research landscape in the field of in vitro and in vivo disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Werner Hutmacher
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4049, Brisbane, Australia; George W Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive Northwest, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 2a, 85748 Garching, Munich, Germany.
| | - Boris Michael Holzapfel
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4049, Brisbane, Australia; Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, Brettreichstr. 11, 97072 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Elena Maria De-Juan-Pardo
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4049, Brisbane, Australia; Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Brooke Anne Pereira
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Stuart John Ellem
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Daniela Loessner
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4049, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gail Petuna Risbridger
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Abstract
Attainment of periodontal regeneration is a significant clinical goal in the management of advanced periodontal defects arising from periodontitis. Over the past 30 years numerous techniques and materials have been introduced and evaluated clinically and have included guided tissue regeneration, bone grafting materials, growth and other biological factors and gene therapy. With the exception of gene therapy, all have undergone evaluation in humans. All of the products have shown efficacy in promoting periodontal regeneration in animal models but the results in humans remain variable and equivocal concerning attaining complete biological regeneration of damaged periodontal structures. In the early 2000s, the concept of tissue engineering was proposed as a new paradigm for periodontal regeneration based on molecular and cell biology. At this time, tissue engineering was a new and emerging field. Now, 14 years later we revisit the concept of tissue engineering for the periodontium and assess how far we have come, where we are currently situated and what needs to be done in the future to make this concept a reality. In this review, we cover some of the precursor products, which led to our current position in periodontal tissue engineering. The basic concepts of tissue engineering with special emphasis on periodontal tissue engineering products is discussed including the use of mesenchymal stem cells in bioscaffolds and the emerging field of cell sheet technology. Finally, we look into the future to consider what CAD/CAM technology and nanotechnology will have to offer.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Bartold
- Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Research Centre, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - S Gronthos
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - S Ivanovski
- Griffith Health Institute, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
| | - A Fisher
- Griffith Health Institute, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
| | - D W Hutmacher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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22
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Farag A, Vaquette C, Theodoropoulos C, Hamlet SM, Hutmacher DW, Ivanovski S. Decellularized periodontal ligament cell sheets with recellularization potential. J Dent Res 2014; 93:1313-9. [PMID: 25270757 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514547762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament is the key tissue facilitating periodontal regeneration. This study aimed to fabricate decellularized human periodontal ligament cell sheets for subsequent periodontal tissue engineering applications. The decellularization protocol involved the transfer of intact human periodontal ligament cell sheets onto melt electrospun polycaprolactone membranes and subsequent bi-directional perfusion with NH4OH/Triton X-100 and DNase solutions. The protocol was shown to remove 92% of DNA content. The structural integrity of the decellularized cell sheets was confirmed by a collagen quantification assay, immunostaining of human collagen type I and fibronectin, and scanning electron microscopy. ELISA was used to demonstrate the presence of residual basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the decellularized cell sheet constructs. The decellularized cell sheets were shown to have the ability to support recellularization by allogenic human periodontal ligament cells. This study describes the fabrication of decellularized periodontal ligament cell sheets that retain an intact extracellular matrix and resident growth factors and can support repopulation by allogenic cells. The decellularized hPDL cell sheet concept has the potential to be utilized in future "off-the-shelf" periodontal tissue engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Farag
- Griffith Health Institute, Regenerative Medicine Center, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Australia
| | - C Vaquette
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Australia
| | - C Theodoropoulos
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S M Hamlet
- Griffith Health Institute, Regenerative Medicine Center, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - D W Hutmacher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S Ivanovski
- Griffith Health Institute, Regenerative Medicine Center, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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23
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Abstract
For a successful clinical outcome, periodontal regeneration requires the coordinated response of multiple soft and hard tissues (periodontal ligament, gingiva, cementum, and bone) during the wound-healing process. Tissue-engineered constructs for regeneration of the periodontium must be of a complex 3-dimensional shape and adequate size and demonstrate biomechanical stability over time. A critical requirement is the ability to promote the formation of functional periodontal attachment between regenerated alveolar bone, and newly formed cementum on the root surface. This review outlines the current advances in multiphasic scaffold fabrication and how these scaffolds can be combined with cell- and growth factor-based approaches to form tissue-engineered constructs capable of recapitulating the complex temporal and spatial wound-healing events that will lead to predictable periodontal regeneration. This can be achieved through a variety of approaches, with promising strategies characterized by the use of scaffolds that can deliver and stabilize cells capable of cementogenesis onto the root surface, provide biomechanical cues that encourage perpendicular alignment of periodontal fibers to the root surface, and provide osteogenic cues and appropriate space to facilitate bone regeneration. Progress on the development of multiphasic constructs for periodontal tissue engineering is in the early stages of development, and these constructs need to be tested in large animal models and, ultimately, human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ivanovski
- Griffith Health Institute, Regenerative Medicine Center, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - C Vaquette
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - D W Hutmacher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P M Bartold
- Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Research Centre, Department of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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24
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Baldwin J, Antille M, Bonda U, De-Juan-Pardo EM, Khosrotehrani K, Ivanovski S, Petcu EB, Hutmacher DW. In vitro pre-vascularisation of tissue-engineered constructs A co-culture perspective. Vasc Cell 2014; 6:13. [PMID: 25071932 PMCID: PMC4112973 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-6-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro pre-vascularization is one of the main vascularization strategies in the tissue engineering field. Culturing cells within a tissue-engineered construct (TEC) prior to implantation provides researchers with a greater degree of control over the fate of the cells. However, balancing the diverse range of different cell culture parameters in vitro is seldom easy and in most cases, especially in highly vascularized tissues, more than one cell type will reside within the cell culture system. Culturing multiple cell types in the same construct presents its own unique challenges and pitfalls. The following review examines endothelial-driven vascularization and evaluates the direct and indirect role other cell types have in vessel and capillary formation. The article then analyses the different parameters researchers can modulate in a co-culture system in order to design optimal tissue-engineered constructs to match desired clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Baldwin
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Mélanie Antille
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Bonda
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF) & Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC), Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elena M De-Juan-Pardo
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital Campus, Building 71/918, Herston, QLD 4029, Australian
- The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- Griffith Health Institute, Regenerative Medicine Centre, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Eugen Bogdan Petcu
- Griffith Health Institute, Regenerative Medicine Centre, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Dietmar Werner Hutmacher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
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Abstract
The hydrodynamic environment "created" by bioreactors for the culture of a tissue engineered construct (TEC) is known to influence cell migration, proliferation and extra cellular matrix production. However, tissue engineers have looked at bioreactors as black boxes within which TECs are cultured mainly by trial and error, as the complex relationship between the hydrodynamic environment and tissue properties remains elusive, yet is critical to the production of clinically useful tissues. It is well known in the chemical and biotechnology field that a more detailed description of fluid mechanics and nutrient transport within process equipment can be achieved via the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology. Hence, the coupling of experimental methods and computational simulations forms a synergistic relationship that can potentially yield greater and yet, more cohesive data sets for bioreactor studies. This review aims at discussing the rationale of using CFD in bioreactor studies related to tissue engineering, as fluid flow processes and phenomena have direct implications on cellular response such as migration and/or proliferation. We conclude that CFD should be seen by tissue engineers as an invaluable tool allowing us to analyze and visualize the impact of fluidic forces and stresses on cells and TECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Singh
- Division of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 1, E2-04-01, Singapore, 119260
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Holzapfel BM, Thibaudeau L, Hesami P, Taubenberger A, Holzapfel NP, Mayer-Wagner S, Power C, Clements J, Russell P, Hutmacher DW. Humanised xenograft models of bone metastasis revisited: novel insights into species-specific mechanisms of cancer cell osteotropism. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2013; 32:129-45. [PMID: 23657538 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-013-9437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The determinants and key mechanisms of cancer cell osteotropism have not been identified, mainly due to the lack of reproducible animal models representing the biological, genetic and clinical features seen in humans. An ideal model should be capable of recapitulating as many steps of the metastatic cascade as possible, thus facilitating the development of prognostic markers and novel therapeutic strategies. Most animal models of bone metastasis still have to be derived experimentally as most syngeneic and transgeneic approaches do not provide a robust skeletal phenotype and do not recapitulate the biological processes seen in humans. The xenotransplantation of human cancer cells or tumour tissue into immunocompromised murine hosts provides the possibility to simulate early and late stages of the human disease. Human bone or tissue-engineered human bone constructs can be implanted into the animal to recapitulate more subtle, species-specific aspects of the mutual interaction between human cancer cells and the human bone microenvironment. Moreover, the replication of the entire "organ" bone makes it possible to analyse the interaction between cancer cells and the haematopoietic niche and to confer at least a partial human immunity to the murine host. This process of humanisation is facilitated by novel immunocompromised mouse strains that allow a high engraftment rate of human cells or tissue. These humanised xenograft models provide an important research tool to study human biological processes of bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Michael Holzapfel
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Brisbane, Australia.
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Holzapfel NP, Holzapfel BM, Champ S, Feldthusen J, Clements J, Hutmacher DW. The potential role of lycopene for the prevention and therapy of prostate cancer: from molecular mechanisms to clinical evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:14620-46. [PMID: 23857058 PMCID: PMC3742263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140714620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene is a phytochemical that belongs to a group of pigments known as carotenoids. It is red, lipophilic and naturally occurring in many fruits and vegetables, with tomatoes and tomato-based products containing the highest concentrations of bioavailable lycopene. Several epidemiological studies have linked increased lycopene consumption with decreased prostate cancer risk. These findings are supported by in vitro and in vivo experiments showing that lycopene not only enhances the antioxidant response of prostate cells, but that it is even able to inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis and decrease the metastatic capacity of prostate cancer cells. However, there is still no clearly proven clinical evidence supporting the use of lycopene in the prevention or treatment of prostate cancer, due to the only limited number of published randomized clinical trials and the varying quality of existing studies. The scope of this article is to discuss the potential impact of lycopene on prostate cancer by giving an overview about its molecular mechanisms and clinical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Pauline Holzapfel
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia; E-Mails: (N.P.H.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Boris Michael Holzapfel
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia; E-Mails: (N.P.H.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Simon Champ
- Human Nutrition, BASF SE, G-ENH/MB, 68623 Lampertheim, Germany; E-Mails: (S.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Jesper Feldthusen
- Human Nutrition, BASF SE, G-ENH/MB, 68623 Lampertheim, Germany; E-Mails: (S.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Judith Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolongabba, QLD 4102, Brisbane, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Dietmar Werner Hutmacher
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia; E-Mails: (N.P.H.); (B.M.H.)
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive Northwest, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Institute of Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 2a, 85748 Garching, Munich, Germany
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +61-7-3138-6077; Fax: +61-7-3138-6030
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ann Woodruff
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
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29
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Holzapfel BM, Reichert JC, Schantz JT, Gbureck U, Rackwitz L, Nöth U, Jakob F, Rudert M, Groll J, Hutmacher DW. How smart do biomaterials need to be? A translational science and clinical point of view. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:581-603. [PMID: 22820527 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 4 decades innovations in biomaterials and medical technology have had a sustainable impact on the development of biopolymers, titanium/stainless steel and ceramics utilized in medical devices and implants. This progress was primarily driven by issues of biocompatibility and demands for enhanced mechanical performance of permanent and non-permanent implants as well as medical devices and artificial organs. In the 21st century, the biomaterials community aims to develop advanced medical devices and implants, to establish techniques to meet these requirements, and to facilitate the treatment of older as well as younger patient cohorts. The major advances in the last 10 years from a cellular and molecular knowledge point of view provided the scientific foundation for the development of third-generation biomaterials. With the introduction of new concepts in molecular biology in the 2000s and specifically advances in genomics and proteomics, a differentiated understanding of biocompatibility slowly evolved. These cell biological discoveries significantly affected the way of biomaterials design and use. At the same time both clinical demands and patient expectations continued to grow. Therefore, the development of cutting-edge treatment strategies that alleviate or at least delay the need of implants could open up new vistas. This represents the main challenge for the biomaterials community in the 21st century. As a result, the present decade has seen the emergence of the fourth generation of biomaterials, the so-called smart or biomimetic materials. A key challenge in designing smart biomaterials is to capture the degree of complexity needed to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of natural tissue. We are still a long way from recreating the molecular architecture of the ECM one to one and the dynamic mechanisms by which information is revealed in the ECM proteins in response to challenges within the host environment. This special issue on smart biomaterials lists a large number of excellent review articles which core is to present and discuss the basic sciences on the topic of smart biomaterials. On the other hand, the purpose of our review is to assess state of the art and future perspectives of the so called "smart biomaterials" from a translational science and specifically clinical point of view. Our aim is to filter out and discuss which biomedical advances and innovations help us to achieve the objective to translate smart biomaterials from bench to bedside. The authors predict that analyzing the field of smart biomaterials from a clinical point of view, looking back 50 years from now, it will show that this is our heritage in the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Michael Holzapfel
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland, University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
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Schuurman W, Klein TJ, Dhert WJA, van Weeren PR, Hutmacher DW, Malda J. Cartilage regeneration using zonal chondrocyte subpopulations: a promising approach or an overcomplicated strategy? J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 9:669-78. [PMID: 23135870 DOI: 10.1002/term.1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage defects heal imperfectly and osteoarthritic changes develop frequently as a result. Although the existence of specific behaviours of chondrocytes derived from various depth-related zones in vitro has been known for over 20 years, only a relatively small body of in vitro studies has been performed with zonal chondrocytes and current clinical treatment strategies do not reflect these native depth-dependent (zonal) differences. This is surprising since mimicking the zonal organization of articular cartilage in neo-tissue by the use of zonal chondrocyte subpopulations could enhance the functionality of the graft. Although some research groups including our own have made considerable progress in tailoring culture conditions using specific growth factors and biomechanical loading protocols, we conclude that an optimal regime has not yet been determined. Other unmet challenges include the lack of specific zonal cell sorting protocols and limited amounts of cells harvested per zone. As a result, the engineering of functional tissue has not yet been realized and no long-term in vivo studies using zonal chondrocytes have been described. This paper critically reviews the research performed to date and outlines our view of the potential future significance of zonal chondrocyte populations in regenerative approaches for the treatment of cartilage defects. Secondly, we briefly discuss the capabilities of additive manufacturing technologies that can not only create patient-specific grafts directly from medical imaging data sets but could also more accurately reproduce the complex 3D zonal extracellular matrix architecture using techniques such as hydrogel-based cell printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Schuurman
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - T J Klein
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - W J A Dhert
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P R van Weeren
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - D W Hutmacher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - J Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
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31
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Malda J, Benders KEM, Klein TJ, de Grauw JC, Kik MJL, Hutmacher DW, Saris DBF, van Weeren PR, Dhert WJA. Comparative study of depth-dependent characteristics of equine and human osteochondral tissue from the medial and lateral femoral condyles. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20:1147-51. [PMID: 22781206 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects are common after joint injuries. When left untreated, the biomechanical protective function of cartilage is gradually lost, making the joint more susceptible to further damage, causing progressive loss of joint function and eventually osteoarthritis (OA). In the process of translating promising tissue-engineering cartilage repair approaches from bench to bedside, pre-clinical animal models including mice, rabbits, goats, and horses, are widely used. The equine species is becoming an increasingly popular model for the in vivo evaluation of regenerative orthopaedic approaches. As there is also an increasing body of evidence suggesting that successful lasting tissue reconstruction requires an implant that mimics natural tissue organization, it is imperative that depth-dependent characteristics of equine osteochondral tissue are known, to assess to what extent they resemble those in humans. Therefore, osteochondral cores (4-8 mm) were obtained from the medial and lateral femoral condyles of equine and human donors. Cores were processed for histology and for biochemical quantification of DNA, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen content. Equine and human osteochondral tissues possess similar geometrical (thickness) and organizational (GAG, collagen and DNA distribution with depth) features. These comparable trends further underscore the validity of the equine model for the evaluation of regenerative approaches for articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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32
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Reichert JC, Epari DR, Wullschleger ME, Berner A, Saifzadeh S, Nöth U, Dickinson IC, Schuetz MA, Hutmacher DW. [Bone tissue engineering. Reconstruction of critical sized segmental bone defects in the ovine tibia]. Orthopade 2012; 41:280-7. [PMID: 22476418 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-011-1855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Well-established therapies for bone defects are restricted to bone grafts which face significant disadvantages (limited availability, donor site morbidity, insufficient integration). Therefore, the objective was to develop an alternative approach investigating the regenerative potential of medical grade polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate (mPCL-TCP) and silk-hydroxyapatite (silk-HA) scaffolds.Critical sized ovine tibial defects were created and stabilized. Defects were left untreated, reconstructed with autologous bone grafts (ABG) and mPCL-TCP or silk-HA scaffolds. Animals were observed for 12 weeks. X-ray analysis, torsion testing and quantitative computed tomography (CT) analyses were performed. Radiological analysis confirmed the critical nature of the defects. Full defect bridging occurred in the autograft and partial bridging in the mPCL-TCP group. Only little bone formation was observed with silk-HA scaffolds. Biomechanical testing revealed a higher torsional moment/stiffness (p < 0.05) and CT analysis a significantly higher amount of bone formation for the ABG group when compared to the silk-HA group. No significant difference was determined between the ABG and mPCL-TCP groups. The results of this study suggest that mPCL-TCP scaffolds combined can serve as an alternative to autologous bone grafting in long bone defect regeneration. The combination of mPCL-TCP with osteogenic cells or growth factors represents an attractive means to further enhance bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Reichert
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australien.
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33
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Jeon JE, Schrobback K, Hutmacher DW, Klein TJ. Dynamic compression improves biosynthesis of human zonal chondrocytes from osteoarthritis patients. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20:906-15. [PMID: 22548797 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesize that chondrocytes from distinct zones of articular cartilage respond differently to compressive loading, and that zonal chondrocytes from osteoarthritis (OA) patients can benefit from optimized compressive stimulation. Therefore, we aimed to determine the transcriptional response of superficial (S) and middle/deep (MD) zone chondrocytes to varying dynamic compressive strain and loading duration. To confirm effects of compressive stimulation on overall matrix production, we subjected zonal chondrocytes to compression for 2 weeks. DESIGN Human S and MD chondrocytes from osteoarthritic joints were encapsulated in 2% alginate, pre-cultured, and subjected to compression with varying dynamic strain (5, 15, 50% at 1 Hz) and loading duration (1, 3, 12 h). Temporal changes in cartilage-specific, zonal, and dedifferentiation genes following compression were evaluated using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The benefits of long-term compression (50% strain, 3 h/day, for 2 weeks) were assessed by measuring construct glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and compressive moduli, as well as immunostaining. RESULTS Compressive stimulation significantly induced aggrecan (ACAN), COL2A1, COL1A1, proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), and COL10A1 gene expression after 2 h of unloading, in a zone-dependent manner (P < 0.05). ACAN and PRG4 mRNA levels depended on strain and load duration, with 50% and 3 h loading resulting in highest levels (P < 0.05). Long-term compression increased collagen type II and ACAN immunostaining and total GAG (P < 0.05), but only S constructs showed more PRG4 stain, retained more GAG (P < 0.01), and developed higher compressive moduli than non-loaded controls. CONCLUSIONS The biosynthetic activity of zonal chondrocytes from osteoarthritis joints can be enhanced with selected compression regimes, indicating the potential for cartilage tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Jeon
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
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Leong DT, Abraham MC, Gupta A, Lim TC, Chew FT, Hutmacher DW. ATF5, a possible regulator of osteogenic differentiation in human adipose-derived stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2744-53. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Heljak MK, Swięszkowski W, Lam CXF, Hutmacher DW, Kurzydłowski KJ. Evolutionary design of bone scaffolds with reference to material selection. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng 2012; 28:789-800. [PMID: 25364851 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The favourable scaffold for bone tissue engineering should have desired characteristic features, such as adequate mechanical strength and three-dimensional open porosity, which guarantee a suitable environment for tissue regeneration. In fact, the design of such complex structures like bone scaffolds is a challenge for investigators. One of the aims is to achieve the best possible mechanical strength-degradation rate ratio. In this paper we attempt to use numerical modelling to evaluate material properties for designing bone tissue engineering scaffold fabricated via the fused deposition modelling technique. For our studies the standard genetic algorithm was used, which is an efficient method of discrete optimization. For the fused deposition modelling scaffold, each individual strut is scrutinized for its role in the architecture and structural support it provides for the scaffold, and its contribution to the overall scaffold was studied. The goal of the study was to create a numerical tool that could help to acquire the desired behaviour of tissue engineered scaffolds and our results showed that this could be achieved efficiently by using different materials for individual struts. To represent a great number of ways in which scaffold mechanical function loss could proceed, the exemplary set of different desirable scaffold stiffness loss function was chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Heljak
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
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36
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Hoque ME, Hutmacher DW, Feng W, Li S, Huang MH, Vert M, Wong YS. Fabrication using a rapid prototyping system and in vitro characterization of PEG-PCL-PLA scaffolds for tissue engineering. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 2012; 16:1595-610. [PMID: 16366339 DOI: 10.1163/156856205774576709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the field of tissue engineering new polymers are needed to fabricate scaffolds with specific properties depending on the targeted tissue. This work aimed at designing and developing a 3D scaffold with variable mechanical strength, fully interconnected porous network, controllable hydrophilicity and degradability. For this, a desktop-robot-based melt-extrusion rapid prototyping technique was applied to a novel tri-block co-polymer, namely poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-block-poly(DL-lactide), PEG-PCL-P(DL)LA. This co-polymer was melted by electrical heating and directly extruded out using computer-controlled rapid prototyping by means of compressed purified air to build porous scaffolds. Various lay-down patterns (0/30/60/90/120/150 degrees, 0/45/90/135 degrees, 0/60/120 degrees and 0/90 degrees) were produced by using appropriate positioning of the robotic control system. Scanning electron microscopy and micro-computed tomography were used to show that 3D scaffold architectures were honeycomb-like with completely interconnected and controlled channel characteristics. Compression tests were performed and the data obtained agreed well with the typical behavior of a porous material undergoing deformation. Preliminary cell response to the as-fabricated scaffolds has been studied with primary human fibroblasts. The results demonstrated the suitability of the process and the cell biocompatibility of the polymer, two important properties among the many required for effective clinical use and efficient tissue-engineering scaffolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Hoque
- Laboratory for Concurrent Engineering and Logistics LCEL, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore
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Htay AS, Teoh SH, Hutmacher DW. Development of perforated microthin poly(ε-caprolactone) films as matrices for membrane tissue engineering. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 2012; 15:683-700. [PMID: 15264668 DOI: 10.1163/156856204323046933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The design and fabrication of thin films based on bioresorbable polymers such as poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) has been the focus of a part of current biomedical research, especially as matrices for membrane tissue engineering. We have successfully developed perforated microthin PCL membrane for this purpose. Two critical issues are the control of moisture permeability and understanding the degradation of PCL microthin film. In order to increase the moisture permeability. PCL films were biaxially stretched to a thickness of 10 +/- 3 microm and perforated with uniform array of holes (180-275 microm) using a Sony Robotic system. After perforation, the water vapour transmission rate was increased by 50% to a value of 47.6 +/- 2.7 g/h per m2. Accelerated hydrolytic degradations were performed in 5 M NaOH. The degraded samples were characterised for changes in weight, surface morphology, mechanical properties, crystallinity and molecular weight. Hydrolytic degradation commenced with random chain scission of backbone ester bonds on the film surface and followed by loss of material due to surface erosion. In general, the perforated films degraded faster than the unperforated microthin films. Scanning electron microscopic images showed that surface erosion led to extensive formation of micropores, microcracks and increased in surface roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Htay
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Division of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Papadimitropoulos A, Riboldi SA, Tonnarelli B, Piccinini E, Woodruff MA, Hutmacher DW, Martin I. A collagen network phase improves cell seeding of open-pore structure scaffolds under perfusion. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 7:183-91. [PMID: 22095721 DOI: 10.1002/term.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Scaffolds with open-pore morphologies offer several advantages in cell-based tissue engineering, but their use is limited by a low cell-seeding efficiency. We hypothesized that inclusion of a collagen network as filling material within the open-pore architecture of polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate (PCL-TCP) scaffolds increases human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) seeding efficiency under perfusion and in vivo osteogenic capacity of the resulting constructs. PCL-TCP scaffolds, rapid prototyped with a honeycomb-like architecture, were filled with a collagen gel and subsequently lyophilized, with or without final crosslinking. Collagen-free scaffolds were used as controls. The seeding efficiency was assessed after overnight perfusion of expanded hBMSCs directly through the scaffold pores using a bioreactor system. By seeding and culturing freshly harvested hBMSCs under perfusion for 3 weeks, the osteogenic capacity of generated constructs was tested by ectopic implantation in nude mice. The presence of the collagen network, independently of the crosslinking process, significantly increased the cell seeding efficiency (2.5-fold), and reduced the loss of clonogenic cells in the supernatant. Although no implant generated frank bone tissue, possibly due to the mineral distribution within the scaffold polymer phase, the presence of a non-crosslinked collagen phase led to in vivo formation of scattered structures of dense osteoids. Our findings verify that the inclusion of a collagen network within open morphology porous scaffolds improves cell retention under perfusion seeding. In the context of cell-based therapies, collagen-filled porous scaffolds are expected to yield superior cell utilization, and could be combined with perfusion-based bioreactor devices to streamline graft manufacture.
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Melchels F, Wiggenhauser PS, Warne D, Barry M, Ong FR, Chong WS, Hutmacher DW, Schantz JT. CAD/CAM-assisted breast reconstruction. Biofabrication 2011; 3:034114. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/3/3/034114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ode A, Kopf J, Kurtz A, Schmidt-Bleek K, Schrade P, Kolar P, Buttgereit F, Lehmann K, Hutmacher DW, Duda GN, Kasper G, Kasper G. CD73 and CD29 concurrently mediate the mechanically induced decrease of migratory capacity of mesenchymal stromal cells. Eur Cell Mater 2011; 22:26-42. [PMID: 21732280 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v022a03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
e assumption that mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based-therapies are capable of augmenting physiological regeneration processes has fostered intensive basic and clinical research activities. However, to achieve sustained therapeutic success in vivo, not only the biological, but also the mechanical microenvironment of MSCs during these regeneration processes needs to be taken into account. This is especially important for e.g., bone fracture repair, since MSCs present at the fracture site undergo significant biomechanical stimulation. This study has therefore investigated cellular characteristics and the functional behaviour of MSCs in response to mechanical loading. Our results demonstrated a reduced expression of MSC surface markers CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase) and CD29 (integrin β1) after loading. On the functional level, loading led to a reduced migration of MSCs. Both effects persisted for a week after the removal of the loading stimulus. Specific inhibition of CD73/CD29 demonstrated their substrate dependent involvement in MSC migration after loading. These results were supported by scanning electron microscopy images and phalloidin staining of actin filaments displaying less cell spreading, lamellipodia formation and actin accumulations. Moreover, focal adhesion kinase and Src-family kinases were identified as candidate downstream targets of CD73/CD29 that might contribute to the mechanically induced decrease in MSC migration. These results suggest that MSC migration is controlled by CD73/CD29, which in turn are regulated by mechanical stimulation of cells. We therefore speculate that MSCs migrate into the fracture site, become mechanically entrapped, and thereby accumulate to fulfil their regenerative functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ode
- Julius Wolff Institute and Musculoskeletal Research Center Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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Ho STB, Hutmacher DW, Ekaputra AK, Hitendra D, Hui JH. The evaluation of a biphasic osteochondral implant coupled with an electrospun membrane in a large animal model. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:1123-41. [PMID: 19863255 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional clinical therapies are unable to resolve osteochondral defects adequately; hence, tissue engineering solutions are sought to address the challenge. A biphasic implant that was seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and coupled with an electrospun membrane was evaluated as an alternative. This dual phase construct comprised of a polycaprolactone (PCL) cartilage scaffold and a PCL-tricalcium phosphate osseous matrix. Autologous MSCs were seeded into the entire implant via fibrin and the construct was inserted into critically sized osteochondral defects located at the medial condyle and patellar groove of pigs. The defect was resurfaced with a PCL-collagen electrospun mesh, which served as a substitute for periosteal flap in preventing cell leakage. Controls without either implanted MSCs or resurfacing membrane were included. After 6 months, cartilaginous repair was observed with a low occurrence of fibrocartilage at the medial condyle. Osteochondral repair was promoted and host cartilage degeneration was arrested as shown by superior glycosaminoglycan maintenance. This positive morphological outcome was supported by a higher relative Young's modulus, which indicated functional cartilage restoration. Bone ingrowth and remodeling occurred in all groups, with a higher degree of mineralization in the experimental group. Tissue repair was compromised in the absence of the implanted cells or the resurfacing membrane. Moreover, healing was inferior at the patellar groove when compared with the medial condyle and this was attributed to the native biomechanical features.
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Ho STB, Ekaputra AK, Hui JH, Hutmacher DW. An electrospun polycaprolactone-collagen membrane for the resurfacing of cartilage defects. POLYM INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yefang Zhou
- Department of Cellular Biology, School of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Simon McKenzie Cool
- Department of Stem Cells and Tissue Repair, Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore
| | - Dietmar Werner Hutmacher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Leong DT, Nah WK, Gupta A, Hutmacher DW, Woodruff MA. The osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived precursor cells in a 3D scaffold/matrix environment. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2009; 5:319-27. [PMID: 19075612 DOI: 10.2174/157016308786733537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This paper details an in-vitro study using human adipose tissue-derived precursor/stem cells (ADSCs) in three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture systems. ADSCs from 3 donors were seeded onto NaOH-treated medical grade polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate (mPCL-TCP) scaffolds with two different matrix components; fibrin glue and lyophilized collagen. ADSCs within these scaffolds were then induced to differentiate along the osteogenic lineage for a 28-day period and various assays and imaging techniques were performed at Day 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 to assess and compare the ADSC's adhesion, viability, proliferation, metabolism and differentiation along the osteogenic lineage when cultured in the different scaffold/matrix systems. The ADSC cells were proliferative in both collagen and fibrin mPCL-TCP scaffold systems with a consistently higher cell number (by comparing DNA amounts) in the induced group over the non-induced groups for both scaffold systems. In response to osteogenic induction, these ADSCs expressed elevated osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase and osteonectin levels. Cells were able to proliferate within the pores of the scaffolds and form dense cellular networks after 28 days of culture and induction. The successful cultivation of osteogenic ADSCs within a 3D matrix comprising fibrin glue or collagen, immobilized within a robust synthetic scaffold is a promising technique which should enhance their potential usage in the regenerative medicine arena, such as bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tai Leong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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Abstract
A paradigm shift is taking place in orthopaedic and reconstructive surgery from using medical devices and tissue grafts to a tissue engineering approach that uses biodegradable scaffolds combined with cells or biological molecules to repair and/or regenerate tissues. One of the potential benefits offered by solid free-form fabrication technology (SFF) is the ability to create scaffolds with highly reproducible architecture and compositional variation across the entire scaffold, due to its tightly controlled computer-driven fabrication. In this review, we define scaffold properties and attempt to provide some broad criteria and constraints for scaffold design in bone engineering.We also discuss the application-specific modifications driven by surgeon's requirements in vitro and/or in vivo. Next, we review the current use of SFF techniques in scaffold fabrication in the context of their clinical use in bone regeneration. Lastly, we comment on future developments in our groups, such as the functionalization of novel composite scaffolds with combinations of growth factors; and more specifically the promising area of heparan sulphate polysaccaride immobilization within the bone tissue engineering arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Hutmacher
- Division of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Gupta A, Leong DT, Bai HF, Singh SB, Lim TC, Hutmacher DW. Osteo-maturation of adipose-derived stem cells required the combined action of vitamin D3, beta-glycerophosphate, and ascorbic acid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 362:17-24. [PMID: 17692823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.07.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of various components [vitamin D3 (VD3), beta-glycerophosphate (BGP), and ascorbic acid (AA)] on the potential of human adipose-derived progenitor cells (ADPCs) to transdifferentiate into osteoblast-like cells. ADPCs were induced under four different supplement groups: (1) VD3+BGP+AA, (2) VD3 alone, (3) BGP+AA, and (4) no VD3, BGP or AA. Mineralization studies and presence of bone matrix-related proteins by immunostaining showed that the Group 1 ADPCs showed their ability to undergo osteoblastic differentiation. Further evaluation was made by estimation of levels of RUNX-2 and TAZ genes. Group 1 ADPCs showed the consistent expression of RUNX-2 and TAZ levels over the study period of 28days. The study showed good correlation among various parameters evaluated to conclude that ADPCs could be an alternative source for generating osteoblast-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Gupta
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - David Tai Leong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hui Fen Bai
- Division of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shiv Brat Singh
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India; Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Thiam-Chye Lim
- Division of Plastic Surgery, National University Hospital, Republic of Singapore
| | - Dietmar Werner Hutmacher
- Division of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
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Kuleshova LL, Gouk SS, Hutmacher DW. Vitrification as a prospect for cryopreservation of tissue-engineered constructs. Biomaterials 2007; 28:1585-96. [PMID: 17178158 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation plays a significant function in tissue banking and will presume yet larger value when more and more tissue-engineered products will routinely enter the clinical arena. The most common concept underlying tissue engineering is to combine a scaffold (cellular solids) or matrix (hydrogels) with living cells to form a tissue-engineered construct (TEC) to promote the repair and regeneration of tissues. The scaffold and matrix are expected to support cell colonization, migration, growth and differentiation, and to guide the development of the required tissue. The promises of tissue engineering, however, depend on the ability to physically distribute the products to patients in need. For this reason, the ability to cryogenically preserve not only cells, but also TECs, and one day even whole laboratory-produced organs, may be indispensable. Cryopreservation can be achieved by conventional freezing and vitrification (ice-free cryopreservation). In this publication we try to define the needs versus the desires of vitrifying TECs, with particular emphasis on the cryoprotectant properties, suitable materials and morphology. It is concluded that the formation of ice, through both direct and indirect effects, is probably fundamental to these difficulties, and this is why vitrification seems to be the most promising modality of cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Kuleshova
- Low Temperature Preservation Unit, National University Medical Institutes, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 03-01C Block MD11, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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Leong DT, Abraham MC, Rath SN, Lim TC, Chew FT, Hutmacher DW. Investigating the effects of preinduction on human adipose-derived precursor cells in an athymic rat model. Differentiation 2007; 74:519-29. [PMID: 17177849 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2006.00092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The osteogenic potential of human adipose-derived precursor cells seeded on medical-grade polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds was investigated in this in vivo study. Three study groups were investigated: (1) induced--stimulated with osteogenic factors only after seeding into scaffold; (2) preinduced--induced for 2 weeks before seeding into scaffolds; and (3) uninduced--cells without any introduced induction. For all groups, scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously into the dorsum of athymic rats. The scaffold/cell constructs were harvested at the end of 6 or 12 weeks and analyzed for osteogenesis. Gross morphological examination using scanning electron microscopy indicated good integration of host tissue with scaffold/cell constructs and extensive tissue infiltration into the scaffold interior. Alizarin Red histology and immunostaining showed a heightened level of mineralization and an increase in osteonectin, osteopontin, and collagen type I protein expression in both the induced and preinduced groups compared with the uninduced groups. However, no significant differences were observed in these indicators when compared between the induced and preinduced groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tai Leong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Republic of Singapore
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Yefang Z, Hutmacher DW, Varawan SL, Meng LT. Comparison of Human alveolar osteoblasts cultured on polymer-ceramic composite scaffolds and tissue culture plates. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007; 36:137-45. [PMID: 17113755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2006.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2005] [Revised: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 08/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of medical grade polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate (mPCL-TCP) (80:20) scaffolds on primary human alveolar osteoblasts (AOs) were compared with standard tissue-culture plates. Of the seeded AOs, 70% adhered to and proliferated on the scaffold surface and within open and interconnected pores; they formed multi-layered sheets and collagen fibers with uniform distribution within 28 days. Elevation of alkaline phosphatase activity occurred in scaffold-cell constructs independent of osteogenic induction. AO proliferation rate increased and significant decrease in calcium concentration of the medium for both scaffolds and plates under induction conditions were seen. mPCL-TCP scaffolds significantly influenced the AO expression pattern of osterix and osteocalcin (OCN). Osteogenic induction down-regulated OCN at both RNA and protein level on scaffolds (3D) by day 7, and up-regulated OCN in cell-culture plates (2D) by day 14, but OCN levels on scaffolds were higher than on cell-culture plates. Immunocytochemical signals for type I collagen, osteopontin and osteocalcin were detected at the outer parts of scaffold-cell constructs. More mineral nodules were found in induced than in non-induced constructs. Only induced 2D cultures showed nodule formation. mPCL-TCP scaffolds appear to stimulate osteogenesis in vitro by activating a cellular response in AO's to form mineralized tissue. There is a fundamental difference between culturing AOs on 2D and 3D environments that should be considered when studying osteogenesis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Yefang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
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