1
|
Padilla Suarez EG, Pugliese S, Galdiero E, Guida M, Libralato G, Saviano L, Spampinato M, Pappalardo C, Siciliano A. Multigenerational tests on Daphnia spp.: a vision and new perspectives. Environ Pollut 2023; 337:122629. [PMID: 37775025 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Multigenerational toxicity testing is a valuable tool for understanding the long-term effects of contaminants on aquatic organisms. This review focuses on the use of multigenerational tests with Daphnia, a widely used model organism in aquatic toxicological studies. The review highlights the importance of studying multiple generations to assess Daphnia spp. reproductive, growth, and physiological responses to various contaminants. We discuss the outcomes of multigenerational tests involving different contaminants, including nanoparticles, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals. The results reveal that multigenerational exposure can lead to transgenerational effects, where the impacts of contaminants are observed in subsequent generations even after the initial exposure has ceased. These transgenerational effects often manifest as reproduction, growth, and development alterations. Furthermore, we emphasize the need for standardized protocols in multigenerational testing to ensure comparability and reproducibility of results across studies. We also discuss the implications of multigenerational testing for ecological risk assessment, as it provides a more realistic representation of the long-term effects of contaminants on populations and ecosystems. Overall, this review highlights the significance of multigenerational tests with Daphnia in advancing our understanding of the ecological impacts of contaminants. Such tests provide valuable insights into the potential risks associated with long-term exposure to pollutants and contribute to the development of effective mitigation strategies for aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Pugliese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - E Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - M Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - G Libralato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - L Saviano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M Spampinato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - C Pappalardo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - A Siciliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Galdiero E, Ricciardelli A, D'Angelo C, de Alteriis E, Maione A, Albarano L, Casillo A, Corsaro MM, Tutino ML, Parrilli E. Pentadecanoic acid against Candida albicans-Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm: towards the development of an anti-biofilm coating to prevent polymicrobial infections. Res Microbiol 2021; 172:103880. [PMID: 34563667 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2021.103880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability to form biofilms is a common feature of microorganisms, which can colonize a variety of surfaces, such as host tissues and medical devices, resulting in infections highly resistant to conventional drugs. This aspect is particularly critical in polymicrobial biofilms involving both fungi and bacteria, therefore, to eradicate such severe infections, new and effective anti-biofilm strategies are needed. The efficacy of pentadecanal and pentadecanoic acid as anti-biofilm agents has been recently reported against different bacterial strains. Their chemical similarity with diffusible signal factors (DSFs), plus the already known ability of fatty acids to act as anti-biofilm agents, suggested to explore their use against Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae mixed biofilm. In this work, we demonstrated the ability of both molecules to prevent the formation and destabilize the structure of the dual-species biofilm. Moreover, the pentadecanoic acid anti-biofilm coating, previously developed through the adsorption of the fatty acid on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), was proved to prevent the polymicrobial biofilm formation in dynamic conditions by confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis. Finally, the evaluation of the expression levels of some biofilm-related genes of C. albicans and K. pneumoniae treated with pentadecanoic acid provided some insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning its anti-biofilm effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - A Ricciardelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - C D'Angelo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - E de Alteriis
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - A Maione
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - L Albarano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80125, Naples, Italy; Department of Marine Biothecnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - A Casillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - M M Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - M L Tutino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - E Parrilli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80125, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Race M, Ferraro A, Galdiero E, Guida M, Núñez-Delgado A, Pirozzi F, Siciliano A, Fabbricino M. Current emerging SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Potential direct/indirect negative impacts of virus persistence and related therapeutic drugs on the aquatic compartments. Environ Res 2020; 188:109808. [PMID: 32544725 PMCID: PMC7284245 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present work is to provide a complete overview of possible direct/indirect implications on the quality of aquatic compartments due to the recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. With this aim, the environmental impacts are mainly related to i) the virus persistence in sewage and wastewaters, and ii) possible fate in aquatic compartments of drugs tested and administered to SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Because SARS-CoV-2 spread is very recent, and there is a lack of specific studies on this strain, the virus persistence in wastewaters, the parameters influencing the persistence, as well as the detection methodologies are referenced to the general coronaviruses group. However, the present detailed report of up-to-date knowledge on this topic can provide a useful source for further studies focusing on more deepened investigations of SARS-CoV-2 behaviour in the environment. Such a perspective is significant not only for the control of virus diffusion but also represents a crucial point for the identification of produced alteration to the environmental quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Race
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via di Biasio 43, 03043, Cassino, Italy.
| | - A Ferraro
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - E Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - M Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - A Núñez-Delgado
- Dept. Soil Sci. and Agric. Chem., Engineering Polytech. School, Campus Univ. Lugo, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F Pirozzi
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - A Siciliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - M Fabbricino
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Galdiero E, Carotenuto R, Siciliano A, Libralato G, Race M, Lofrano G, Fabbricino M, Guida M. Cerium and erbium effects on Daphnia magna generations: A multiple endpoints approach. Environ Pollut 2019; 254:112985. [PMID: 31394345 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.112985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cerium (Ce, CeCl3) and Erbium (Er, ErCl3) are increasingly used in many electronic devices facilitating the alteration of their biogeochemical cycles (e.g. e-waste). Previous surveys stated that their environmental concentrations due to natural or anthropogenic events can reach up to 161 μg/L in ore mine effluent for Ce with a mean water concentration of 0.79 μg/L, and 11.9 μg/L for Er in ore mine effluents with a mean water concentration of 0.004 μg/L. Their potential effects onto aquatic organisms are still relatively unexplored. In this study, long-term multigenerational effects on Daphnia magna were assessed using various exposure times (3, 7, 14, and 21 days) in three generations (F0, F1 and F2). Each generation was exposed to environmental concentrations of Ce and Er (0.54 and 0.43 μg/L, respectively - mean values) and effects included organisms' size, parental reproduction, and survival, determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS), enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST)), gene expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, and uptake. Results evidenced that chronic multi-generational exposure of daphnids to Ce and Er reduced survival, growth and reproduction, decreasing ROS, SOD and CAT from F0 to F2. Ce reduced the number of generated offsprings after each generation, while Er delayed the time of offsprings emergence, but not their number. ROS, SOD, CAT and GST evidenced that Er is slightly more toxic than Ce. Up- and downregulation of genes was limited, but Ce and Er activated the ABC transporters. Uptake of Ce and Er decreased through exposure time and generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - R Carotenuto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - A Siciliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - G Libralato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - M Race
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Università di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Cassino, Italy.
| | - G Lofrano
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - M Fabbricino
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
| | - M Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
de Alteriis E, Lombardi L, Falanga A, Napolano M, Galdiero S, Siciliano A, Carotenuto R, Guida M, Galdiero E. Polymicrobial antibiofilm activity of the membranotropic peptide gH625 and its analogue. Microb Pathog 2018; 125:189-195. [PMID: 30227230 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This work illustrates a new role for the membranotropic peptide gH625 and its derivative gH625-GCGKKK in impairing formation of polymicrobial biofilms. Mixed biofilms composed of Candida and bacterial species cause frequently infections and failure of medical silicone devices and also show a major drug resistance than single-species biofilms. Inhibition and eradication of biofilms were evaluated by complementary methods: XTT-reduction, and crystal violet staining (CV). Our results indicate that gH625-GCGKKKK, better than the native peptide, strongly inhibited formation of mixed biofilms of clinical isolates of C. tropicalis/S. marcescens and C. tropicalis/S. aureus and reduced the biofilm architecture, interfering with cell adhesion and polymeric matrix, as well as eradicated the long-term polymicrobial biofilms on silicone surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E de Alteriis
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - L Lombardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - A Falanga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - M Napolano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - S Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - A Siciliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - R Carotenuto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - M Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - E Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khosravi-Katuli K, Lofrano G, Pak Nezhad H, Giorgio A, Guida M, Aliberti F, Siciliano A, Carotenuto M, Galdiero E, Rahimi E, Libralato G. Effects of ZnO nanoparticles in the Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus). Sci Total Environ 2018; 626:30-41. [PMID: 29331836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Most studies investigating the toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) focused on the effect of size, whereas exposure concentration and duration remained poorly understood. In this study, the effect of acute and sub-acute exposures of ZnO NPs on Zn compartmentalization and biomarkers' expression were investigated in Rutilus rutilus caspicus (Caspian roach) considering various exposure scenarios: i) the assessment of the concentration-response curves and median lethal concentration (LC50); ii) the assessment of the effects of organisms exposed at LC50 value and one tenth of LC50 value of ZnO NPs suspensions for 4 d and 28 d, respectively; iii) the assessment of 14 d depuration period. The same concentrations of ZnSO4 were investigated. The highest Zn accumulation was detected in gill after sub-acute exposure (4.8 mg/L; 28 d) followed by liver, kidney and muscle. In gill, liver and muscle, Zn from Zn NPs accumulated higher concentrations. Depuration (14 d) decreased Zn content in each organ, but no complete removal occurred except for muscle. Biomarkers' activity was significantly over expressed after treatments, but depuration brought back their values to background levels and most effects were related to acute concentrations (48 mg/L; 4 d) and in presence of ZnSO4. Histopathological analyses showed that the exposure to ZnO NPs increased lesions in gill, liver and kidney, with a direct proportionality between alterations and Zn accumulated in the target organs. After depuration, lesions regressed for both ZnO NPs and ZnSO4, but not in a complete way. These data could contribute to increase the knowledge about ZnO NPs risk assessment in aquatic vertebrates, suggesting that the size of ZnO NPs can influence biomarker and histopathological effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Khosravi-Katuli
- Department of Fishery, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Via 45165-386, Gorgan, Iran; Niksa, Design and Development Company, Avadis Holding Group, 1917734795, Tehran, Iran.
| | - G Lofrano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università, degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - H Pak Nezhad
- Department of Fishery, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Via 45165-386, Gorgan, Iran
| | - A Giorgio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia ed. 7, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - M Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia ed. 7, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - F Aliberti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia ed. 7, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - A Siciliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia ed. 7, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - M Carotenuto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università, degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - E Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia ed. 7, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - E Rahimi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - G Libralato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia ed. 7, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Galdiero M, Pisciotta MG, Gorga F, Petrillo G, Marinelli A, Galdiero E. Modulation of Costimulatory Molecules CD80/CD86 on B Cells and Macrophages by Stress Proteins GroEL, GroES and DnaK. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 18:637-44. [PMID: 16388710 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Heat Shock Proteins GroES, GroEL and DnaK on the expression of the costimulatory molecules CD80/CD86 in B cells and macrophages. The interactions among these molecules are able to highly influence the immune response through the regulation of cytokine liberation which, on their own, are able to regulate the immunological response by a feedback mechanism. Our results showed that, on B cells, GroES and GroEL stimulated the expression of CD86 but did not induce the increase of the CD80 expression. CD86 peak expression showed a peak after 24–48 h of culture and decreaseed 60h after the stimulation. GroES and GroEL also stimulated the expression of CD80 and CD86 on macrophages. The same HSPs did not modify the expression of CD80 and CD86 on cells having characteristics of activated macrophages, the A-THP-1 cell line. DnaK did not induce any increase in the expression of CD80 and CD86 on lymphocytes or macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Galdiero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Microbiologia e Microbiologia Clinica, Seconda Universitá degli Studi di Napoli, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Galdiero M, Pisciotta MG, Petrillo G, Marinelli A, Galdiero E. Lipoteichoic acid and muramic acid modulate the expression of CD80/CD86 on THP-1 cells and CD28/CD152 on Jurkat cells. New Microbiol 2004; 27:309-13. [PMID: 15460536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and muramic acid (MA) on costimulatory molecules CD80/CD86 on THP-1 cells and CD28/CD152 on Jurkat cells. The interactions between these molecules strongly influence the immune response through the regulation of cytokine release which, on its own, is able to regulate the immunological response by a feedback mechanism. Our results show that LTA and MA regulate expression of CD86 on macrophages while the expression of CD80 remains unmodified. LTA and MA increase the expression of CD86 on THP-1 cells, a macrophage cell line. MA increased Jurkat T cells CD152 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Galdiero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Microbiologia, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liguori G, Marinelli A, Galdiero E, Arnese A, Di Onofrio V, Lucariello A, Marinelli P. Candida spp. morphotype differentiation on Sabouraud-Triphenyltetrazolium-Agar (STTZ-Agar) under three different experimental conditions. New Microbiol 2004; 27:193-7. [PMID: 15164633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
One hundred and thirty-two strains of Candida spp. were cultured on STTZ-Agar at 37 degrees C for 6 days and at 25 degrees C for 6 and 21 days to determine the culture conditions that would ensure maximum reproducibility in the discrimination of the strains of the same species. Standardization is of utmost importance, as varying experimental conditions can alter the results of the tests. Further studies are needed also implementing molecular tests to establish possible relationships between morphotype, genotype and virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Liguori
- Department of Public, Clinic and Preventive Medicine, Section of Hygiene, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Galdiero M, Pisciotta MG, Galdiero E, Carratelli CR. Porins and lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella typhimurium regulate the expression of CD80 and CD86 molecules on B cells and macrophages but not CD28 and CD152 on T cells. Clin Microbiol Infect 2003; 9:1104-11. [PMID: 14616726 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of porins from Salmonella typhimurium on costimulatory molecules such as CD80/CD86 and CD28/CD152. The interactions between these molecules are able to influence the immune response through the regulation of cytokines release which, on their own, are able to regulate the immunological response by a feedback mechanism. METHODS S. typhimurium strain SH5014 (a rough lipopolysaccharide (LPS) producing strain) was used as the source of porins and LPS. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from healthy adult donors. THP1 cells were obtained from ATCC (Rockville, MD, USA). Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were performed using a FACS IV (Becton-Dickinson, Mountain View, CA, USA). RESULTS Our results show that porins of S. typhimurium increase the expression of CD86 and the expression of CD80 both on B lymphocytes and macrophages, while the expression of CD28 and CD152 on T lymphocytes was unaltered. The expression of CD80 and CD86 is dose-dependent and starts after 24 h post treatment, peaks at 48 h and goes back to the basal value after 72 h. CONCLUSIONS S. typhimurium porins are able to induce a high expression of costimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) on lymphocytes and macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Galdiero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Galdiero E, Liguori G, D'Isanto M, Damiano N, Sommese L. Distribution of mecA among methicillin-resistant clinical staphylococcal strains isolated at hospitals in Naples, Italy. Eur J Epidemiol 2003; 18:139-45. [PMID: 12733836 DOI: 10.1023/a:1023067930211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Two hundred and twenty strains of Staphylococcus isolated in Naples, Italy, were surveyed for the distribution of the mecA, the structural gene for penicillin-binding protein 2a, which is the genetic determinant for methicillin-resistance in staphylococci. Screening by a cloned mecA, revealed that of 220 strains, 43 were methicillin-resistant (19.5%) and 177 were methicillin-susceptible (80.5%). Among the 43 resistant strains 23 (53.5%) carried mecA in their genome and 20 (46.5%) did not carry mecA, in spite of their resistance to methicillin. Every group was submitted to the AP-PCR profiling. A quantitative analysis of the patterns divided strains into four different clusters for methicillin-resistant mecA-negative and two different clusters for methicillin-resistant mecA-positive with primer 1, while no clusters were noted with primer 7. We conclude that these clinical isolates from our area, were not found to belong to a single clone, although the predominance of four methicillin-resistant mecA-negative genotypes were noted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Galdiero
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia Generale ed Ambientale, Sezione Igiene e Microbiologia, Facoltà di Scienze Biologiche, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Meli R, Bentivoglio C, Nuzzo I, Mattace Raso G, Galdiero E, Galdiero M, Di Carlo R, Carratelli CR. Th1-Th2 response in hyperprolactinemic mice infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Eur Cytokine Netw 2003; 14:186-91. [PMID: 14656695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) is a pituitary hormone and a cytokine known to regulate several physiological functions. It plays a role in modulating the immune system of rodents and humans. A hormonal protection against listeria and salmonella infections has been previously ascribed to effects of PRL on immunocompetent cells. Here, the role of PRL in the Th1-Th2 response was evaluated based on the pattern of cytokines release by splenocytes from hyperprolactinemic mice infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Hyperprolactinemia by pituitary graft reduced the number of bacteria in spleens of in vivo infected mice. Modulation of Th1 (IFN-gamma, IL-12) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokine production by splenic cells was found. Our results indicate that PRL can up-regulate IFN-c and IL-12 secretion in response to salmonella infection, confirming its in vivo immunostimulatory effect and suggesting hormonal participation in the genesis and sustenance of the Th1 response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Meli
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Galdiero M, Pisciotta MG, Marinelli A, Petrillo G, Galdiero E. Coinfection with BHV-1 modulates cell adhesion and invasion by P. multocida and Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica. New Microbiol 2002; 25:427-36. [PMID: 12437222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are thought to facilitate bacterial infections of the respiratory tract. The present study shows the effect of BHV-1 on Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica adherence and invasion of MDBK cells. The virus-infected MDBK cells become more susceptible to the adherence of both species of Pasteurella. The observed adherence increase depends on the length of virus pre-incubation time and on virus concentration. When MDBK cells are not infected with virus, they are only invaded by P. multocida, while M. haemolytica is not able to penetrate. The viral infection favours also the invasion by M. haemolytica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Galdiero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Facoltd di Medicina e Chirurgia, Seconda Università di Napoli
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Treatment of human spermatozoa with porins or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increases spontaneous apoptosis in these cells. Porins and LPS were extracted from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Pasteurella multocida and were mixed with human spermatozoa for detection of levels of apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Gorga
- Istituto di Microbiologia, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Galdiero M, De Martino L, Pagnini U, Pisciotta MG, Galdiero E. Interactions between bovine endothelial cells and Pasteurella multocida: association and invasion. Res Microbiol 2001; 152:57-65. [PMID: 11281326 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2508(00)01168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the association and the invasion of a bovine aortic endothelial cell (BAEC) line by Pasteurella multocida to study the potential role of internalized bacteria and possible intracellular survival during Pasteurella infections. Our data indicate that P. multocida is able to adhere to and to invade BAECs. The density of the bacterial population plays a defined role for an optimal mechanism of interaction between bacteria and cells, as does the incubation period of association and invasion. The optimal bacteria/cells ratio was found to be 100/1, while the optimal infection time was approximately 4 h of incubation. Bacterial internalization was dependent on microfilament and microtubule stability. The invasion ability of P. multocida in the presence of cytochalasin D was reduced by 60%; in the presence of colchicine it was reduced by 97% and in the presence of nocodazole it was reduced by 95%. Our data show that internalized P. multocida did not induce mortality of invaded endothelial cells. Some Pasteurella cells were able to survive and undergo exocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Galdiero
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Galdiero M, Folgore A, Nuzzo I, Galdiero E. Neutrophil adhesion and transmigration through bovine endothelial cells in vitro by protein H and LPS of Pasteurella multocida. Immunobiology 2000; 202:226-38. [PMID: 11045659 DOI: 10.1016/s0171-2985(00)80030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study describes an in vitro investigation on the role of Pasteurella multocida cells and its isolated protein H and LPS on neutrophil adhesion and migration through bovine endothelial cell monolayers. P. multicoda cells, protein H and LPS increased the adhesion and transmigration of neutrophils through BAEC. The bacteria/cell ratio of 100 for P. multocida, protein H concentration 0.05-0.2 microM and LPS concentration 0.5-1.0 microM respectively, induced the maximum adhesion and transmigration of neutrophils through BAEC. The optimal time of incubation with bacteria or bacterial products was 4-6 h. Our results confirm the role of Gram-negative bacteria and of components of the outer membrane such as protein H or LPS in activating the neutrophils and in promoting the adhesion and cells transmigration from the vessels to the site of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Galdiero
- Dipartimeno di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Facoltà di Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Galdiero E, Romano Carratelli C, Vitiello M, Nuzzo I, Del Vecchio E, Bentivoglio C, Perillo G, Galdiero F. HSP and apoptosis in leukocytes from infected or vaccinated animals by Brucella abortus. New Microbiol 2000; 23:271. [PMID: 10939042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The production of hsp and apoptosis of leukocytes in the peripheral blood of animals naturally infected with Brucella spp or treated with the vaccine Brucella abortus 19 have been investigated in this study. Cytokines able to induce phagocytic activity in macrophages of non treated healthy animals were found in the supernatant of bovine leukocytes cultivated in vitro. A long-lasting antibody response against hsp 60 kDa and 27 kDa, which lasts a long time, is induced in naturally infected animals, while in animals vaccinated with B. abortus 19 we detected an antibody response against hsp 60 and 70 kDa which is much shorter, disappearing in two months. During the early phase of infection, lymphocytes and monocytes of naturally infected animals show a delay of apoptosis in vitro compared to the same cells coming from healthy controls and vaccinated animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Galdiero
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia Generale ed Ambientale, Università degli Studi Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Galdiero E, Galdiero R. [Humoral and cellular immunities to Brucella among population of North Campania Country]. Infez Med 2000; 8:222-226. [PMID: 12714842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Five hundred people coming from the country-side, where a large number of cattle is bredeed, and 500 people coming from the city, were examined for the presence of humoral and cellular immunity to brucellosis with the standard agglutination test (Sat), anti-human globulin test (AHGT), Elisa test (Enzyme-Linked Immunoadsorbent Test) and IFN-gamma release in vitro. We found that Elisa test showed a higher sensitivity respect to the Sat and the AHGT test. In fact, with the Elisa test the seroprevalence was 10% for IgG, 9,4% for IgM and 1% for IgA in the rural country compared with that of the urban country which was 8,2%, 8,3% and 0,4% respectively. The Sat test and AHGT test, instead, showed a percentage of 91% and 87% with a titre < 20 from the rural country and a percentage of 96% and 98% from the urban area. Morover we noticed that the test based on the production of IFN gamma which appears to be an important mediator of cell-mediated immune response, agreed with serological tests
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Galdiero
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia Generale ed Ambientale Sezione Igiene e Microbiologia, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Romano Carratelli C, Nuzzo I, Vitiello T, Galdiero E, Galdiero F. The effect of dietary lipid manipulation on murine splenic lymphocytes apoptosis and heat shock protein over expression. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1999; 24:19-25. [PMID: 10340708 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.1999.tb01260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we kept BALB/c mice on a hyperlipidic diet for 120 days and then assessed the predisposition to apoptosis and the appearance of heat shock protein (Hsp) on splenic lymphocytes. By immunoblot analysis, bands corresponding to Hsp 60 and Hsp 70 in cells from mice kept on a saturated fatty acid diet showed a greater expression already after 1 month while two other bands, which correspond to Hsp 25 and Hsp 27, were slightly present after 1 month of treatment. In cells from mice kept on a diet rich in unsaturated fatty acid, there was a marked expression of Hsp 25 and Hsp 27 after only 30 days of treatment, which was maintained constant for up to 4 months; while for bands corresponding to Hsp 60 and Hsp 70, a significant minor signal was only detectable after 2-4 months from the beginning of the treatment. Splenic lymphocytes from animals kept on a lipidic diet containing saturated fatty acids were more susceptible to death by apoptosis, while cells of animals treated with unsaturated fatty acid were shown to be more resistant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Romano Carratelli
- Istituto di Microbiologia, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
The invasive ability of Listeria monocytogenes was monitored after treatment at different pH, temperature and salt concentrations. We found a complete loss of invasive ability in bacteria grown at pH < or = 4.5 independently of the incubation temperature (4, 22 and 30 degrees C). Increasing salt concentrations at 22 and 30 degrees C had no effect at pH 7, while drastically affecting invasive ability at pH 5. The expression of two proteins of 30 and 88 kDa, extracted from the culture supernatant and the cell wall, respectively, was detected only in cells grown under normal conditions, but not after low pH and high salt concentration treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Galdiero
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia Generale ed Ambientale Sez. Igiene e Microbiologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gorga F, Galdiero E, Donnarumma G, Salerno G, De Martino L. Ultrastructural and biochemical studies on Candida albicans after prolonged incubation in sea water. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1996; 145:167-72. [PMID: 8961553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans yeast cells suspended in sterilized sea water and cultivated in Brain Heart Infusion broth were compared. Viability, chemical composition, surface hydrophobicity and ultrastructural characteristics showed variations after incubation in sea water. The yeast cells developed some ultrastructural changes after about a month in sea water. The surface hydrophobicity of the yeast cells was gradually reduced, starting from day 16, and continued to decline throughout the 32 days in sea water. A decrease in total carbohydrate, lipid and protein contents was also observed and corresponded with ultrastructural modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Gorga
- Istituto di Microbiologia, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sommese L, Scarfogliero P, Vitiello M, Catalanotti P, Galdiero E. Presence of Legionella spp. in thermal springs of the Campania region of south Italy. New Microbiol 1996; 19:315-20. [PMID: 8914132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Water samples from 66 thermal springs in the Campania region of South Italy were cultured for Legionella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and indicators of faecal pollution. The temperature of the sources ranged from 21 degrees C to 59.5 degrees C. Legionella pneumophila, serogroup 7-10, was isolated from two out of 60 sources on the Island of Ischia and Legionella dumoffii from one mainland source. The temperatures of these sources were 35.2 degrees C, 48.2 degrees C, and 52.0 degrees C respectively. Twelve sources were positive for P. aeruginosa and 6 for Escherichia coli. Our results found that Legionella spp. were present in only three thermal springs, indicating that in the hydrothermal area of the Campania region the presence of this microbial species is very scarce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Sommese
- Istituto di Microbiologia, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Galdiero F, Sommese L, Gorga F, Galdiero E, Rizzo A, Ajello M. Toxic effect on human spermatozoa by Chlamydia trachomatis purified lipopolysaccharide. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1994; 115:197-200. [PMID: 8138134 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the effect that lipopolysaccharide extracted from Chlamydia trachomatis has on human spermatozoa. A lipopolysaccharide of 0.1 microgram ml-1 caused a spermatozoa mortality rate of 65 +/- 4% evaluated by eosin exclusion test. The toxic activity occurred rapidly even after brief incubation times, reaching the maximum (100% mortality) within 60 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Galdiero
- Istituto di Microbiologia, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Galdiero E, Marcatili A, Donnarumma G, de Martino L, Cipollaro de L'Ero G. Correlation between changes in surface hydrophobicity and interaction of Streptococcus pyogenes with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes after prolonged starvation in sea water. Res Microbiol 1993; 144:609-16. [PMID: 8140279 DOI: 10.1016/0923-2508(93)90063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the persistence of virulence characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes cells after prolonged starvation in sea water. Studies were carried out on changes in viability, alterations in the chemical composition and surface hydrophobicity and the interaction of S. pyogenes with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) after starvation. Results showed that surface hydrophobicity decreased progressively starting after three days of starvation and was correlated with the decrease in total carbohydrate, lipid and protein content. These values correlated with a better interaction of S. pyogenes cells with the PMN, as shown by a chemiluminescence increase that reached a peak after 32 days of starvation. Furthermore, bacterial cells became more easily phagocytized and killed by human PMN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Galdiero
- Istituto di Microbiologia, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Benedetto N, Sabatini P, Galdiero E, Romano Carratelli C. Cytotoxic activity and IL-1 production in mice infected with Aspergillus niger. Microbiologica 1992; 15:243-8. [PMID: 1501585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we demonstrate an interaction between macrophages and T lymphocytes during A. nigr infection. Supernatants obtained after 48 hrs adherence of infected peritoneal macrophages were able to increase the cytotoxicity of T lymphocytes. Our results also indicate that macrophage supernatant (MS) from mice, in the first 5 days after challenge, is more active on T cell than MS produced later. Splenic T cells activated by IL-1 from mice at 5 days of infection show a significantly increased cytotoxicity, at 10 days after challenge, the cytotoxicity of T cells activated by IL-1 did not significantly differ from non-activated T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Benedetto
- Istituto di Microbiologia, I Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Carratelli Romano C, Benedetto N, Sabatini P, Galdiero E. The effect of clindamycin on human monocytes. J Chemother 1989; 1:422-4. [PMID: 16312468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Carratelli Romano
- Istituto di Microbiologia, I Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Larghetto S. Aniello a Caponapoli 2, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Galdiero F, Romano Carratelli C, Nuzzo I, Bentivoglio C, Galdiero E. Further characterization of the impaired protective function in mice fed with lipid diet. Med Microbiol Immunol 1989; 178:297-308. [PMID: 2615699 DOI: 10.1007/bf00197448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Female mice were maintained on lipid diet for 20 days. The nonspecific and immunological defense capability was determined by in vitro and in vivo methods. It was found that mice held mostly on a lipid diet demonstrate an all-round lowered response. Following 20 days of lipid diet the splenocytes exhibit: (1) an inversed lipid-protein ratio; (2) an inability to respond to sheep erythrocytes; (3) a reduction in [3H] thymidine incorporation in splenocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or with concanavalin A; (4) a reduction in the number of cells bearing surface immunoglobulins in splenocytes stimulated with LPS; (5) an inhibition of phagocytosis and intracellular killing in macrophages; (6) a lowering in granulocyte chemotaxis and adherence capacity; (7) a higher mortality to LPS after loading with galactosamine; and (8) a lowered complement activity even following LPS activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Galdiero
- Istituto di Microbiologia, I Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Galdiero F, Gorga F, Bentivoglio C, Mancuso R, Galdiero E, Tufano MA. The action of LPS porins and peptidoglycan fragments on human spermatozoa. Infection 1988; 16:349-53. [PMID: 2851555 DOI: 10.1007/bf01644545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the action of the cell wall components of enterobacteria on the vitality of human spermatozoa. Lipopolysaccharides extracted from Escherichia coli K12 killed about 80% of the spermatozoa at a concentration of 50 micrograms/ml. Porins extracted from E. coli, Proteus mirabilis and Salmonella typhimurium killed between 80% and 100% of the spermatozoa at a concentration of 50 micrograms/ml. Muramic acid and N-acetylmuramic acid caused about 60% mortality at a concentration of 50 micrograms/ml. The possibility that the products of cellular lysis in the course of gram-negative infections cause temporary sterility is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Galdiero
- Istituto di Microbiologia, I Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia Università di Napoli
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium, which contain different quantities of outer membrane proteins, show different susceptibility to phagocytosis. We correlate susceptibility to phagocytosis with molecular surface characteristics which are responsible for invasiveness and virulence of bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Tufano
- Istituto di Microbiologia, I Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia Università di Napoli
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Galdiero F, Tufano MA, Sommese L, Galdiero E. Protection of Escherichia coli K12 structural integrity by Ca2+ and Mg2+ in bactericidal and bacteriolytic tests. Microbiologica 1988; 11:21-7. [PMID: 3280949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli K12 suspended in different media showed a loss of phospholipids. Mg2+ and Ca2+ 0.01 M prevented phospholipid loss and stabilized Escherichia coli K12 for bactericidal and bacteriolytic assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Galdiero
- Istituto di Microbiologia-I, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tufano MA, Capasso G, Anastasio P, Giordano DR, Giordano D, Galdiero E, Sommese L, De Santo NG. Clearance studies on the renal action of porins extracted from Salmonella typhimurium. Int J Pediatr Nephrol 1987; 8:193-8. [PMID: 2452800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of porins on renal hemodynamics and on the renal handling of salt and water were studied in rats. The animals injected with 100 micrograms/kg of porins showed an important change in renal potassium handling. In fact the total potassium excretion decreased significantly (p less than 0.02) from 1.11 +/- 0.13 to 0.495 +/- 0.069 muEq/min/100 g and was significantly associated to a reduction of fractional potassium excretion from 21.6 +/- 4.1% to 12.53 +/- 0.95% (p less than 0.001). It is speculated that porins have the capability to close the potassium channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Tufano
- Chair of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
The adherence of bacterial cells to valvular prostheses has been studied. Bacteria were selected on the basis of their surface features (fimbriae, hydrophobicity and specific receptors). It was found that only strains having fimbriae and high cell surface hydrophobicity adhered to bioprostheses, while they did not adhere to metallic prostheses to any significant extent. Adherence to bioprostheses depended on the exposure time and it was affected by the saline concentration of the suspension medium. Furthermore, different bacterial binding capacity was observed for bioprostheses from different companies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Galdiero
- Istituto di Microbiologia, I Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia dell'Università di Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tufano MA, Sommese L, Capasso C, Folgore A, Scafa F, Galdiero E. Comparative study of some biological activities of porins extracted from various microorganisms. Microbiologica 1986; 9:431-42. [PMID: 3022112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria contains some major proteins, called porins, with particular chemical and physical characteristics which reflect some specialized functions peculiar to the outer membrane. In recent years the biological properties of Salmonella typhimurium SH5014 porins have been the focus of our experimental studies. The aim of the present research was to make a comparative investigation of the biological activities of porins extracted from other microorganisms classified in the Enterobacteriaceae, together with a taxonomically different one, Eikenella corrodens frequently isolated from gum pockets of patients with periodontal disease. Porins from E. coli K12, Proteus mirabilis and Eikenella corrodens were extracted, purified and separated from LPS by means of phenol extraction. The purity of preparation was checked by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in slabs. We studied the interactions of these proteins with some cellular and humoral systems within the host. Mouse peritoneal macrophages in the presence of these proteins show morphological and functional modifications, depending upon the type of porins and the concentrations used. The ability of porins to interact with the complement system was investigated in vitro. A pool of sera from 20 blood donors served as a source of human complement. The results obtained with porins of various sources were shown comparatively.
Collapse
|