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Calderón Gutiérrez F, Iliffe TM, Borda E, Yáñez Mendoza G, Labonté J. Response and resilience of karst subterranean estuary communities to precipitation impacts. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10415. [PMID: 37589039 PMCID: PMC10425610 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of meteorological phenomena on ecosystem communities of karst subterranean estuaries (KSEs) remains unknown. KSEs are characterized by vertically stratified groundwater separated by a halocline and host endemic aquatic cave-adapted fauna (stygobionts). In October 2015, 8 days of heavy precipitation caused the first recorded mortality event in the KSE. This event was marked by a halocline shift 5 m deeper. The present study aimed to provide insights into resilience of KSEs faunal communities to temporal shifts in temperature and precipitation. Cave water temperature decreased on average 0.0068°C per mm of accumulated precipitation over 4 days, which can add up to, and surpass, the interannual temperature variation in cases of heavy precipitations. Biological surveys (2012-2021) conducted within cave systems El Aerolito and La Quebrada, in Cozumel, indicated that change in community structure was not detected and stygobionts were resilient; however, marine species inhabiting the caves were impacted. Overall, the faunal community at KSEs remains resilient within short-term meteorological phenomena despite shifts of non-stygobionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Calderón Gutiérrez
- Department of Marine BiologyTexas A&M University at GalvestonGalvestonTexasUSA
- Department of Natural SciencesTexas A&M University San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Circulo Espeleológico del Mayab A.C.CozumelMexico
| | | | - Elizabeth Borda
- Department of Natural SciencesTexas A&M University San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | | | - Jessica Labonté
- Department of Marine BiologyTexas A&M University at GalvestonGalvestonTexasUSA
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2
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Ballou L, Brankovits D, Chávez-Solís EM, Chávez Díaz JM, Gonzalez BC, Rohret S, Salinas A, Liu A, Simões N, Álvarez F, Miglietta MP, Iliffe TM, Borda E. An integrative re-evaluation of Typhlatya shrimp within the karst aquifer of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5302. [PMID: 35351932 PMCID: PMC8961266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico is a carbonate platform well-known for extensive karst networks of densely stratified aquifer ecosystems. This aquifer supports diverse anchialine fauna, including species of the globally distributed anchialine shrimp genus Typhlatya (Atyidae). Four species (T. campecheae, T. pearsei, T. dzilamensis and T. mitchelli) are endemic to the Peninsula, of which three are federally listed in Mexico. This first integrative evaluation (i.e., molecular, morphological, broad geographic and type locality sampling, and environmental data) of Yucatán Typhlatya reveals considerable species identity conflict in prior phylogenetic assessments, broad species ranges, syntopy within cave systems and five genetic lineages (of which two are new to science). Despite sampling from the type locality of endangered T. campecheae, specimens (and molecular data) were indistinguishable from vulnerable T. pearsei. Ancestral/divergence reconstructions support convergent evolution of a low-salinity ancestor for a post-Paleogene arc Yucatán + Cuba Typhlatya clade within the anchialine Atyidae clade. A secondary adaptation for the coastal-restricted euryhaline (2–37 psu), Typhlatya dzilamensis (unknown conservation status) was identified, while remaining species lineages were low-salinity (< 5 psu) adapted and found within the meteoric lens of inland and coastal caves. This study demonstrates the need for integrative/interdisciplinary approaches when conducting biodiversity assessments in complex and poorly studied aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Ballou
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, 200 Seawolf Pkwy, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - David Brankovits
- Molecular Ecology Group, Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IRSA CNR), 28922, Pallanza, Italy
| | - Efraín M Chávez-Solís
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio A, 1er piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - José M Chávez Díaz
- Colección Nacional de Crustáceos, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70-153, 04510, Coyoacán, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Brett C Gonzalez
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Shari Rohret
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Green Bldg., 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Geology & Geophysics Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, MS #52, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Alexa Salinas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Arielle Liu
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Emil W. Haury Anthropology Bldg., 1009 E South Campus Dr., Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Nuno Simões
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo S/N, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico.,National Coastal Resilience Laboratory (LANRESC), Puerto de Abrigo S/N, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico.,International Chair for Ocean and Coastal Studies in Mexico, Harte Research Institute, Texas A&M at Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Fernando Álvarez
- Colección Nacional de Crustáceos, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70-153, 04510, Coyoacán, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Maria Pia Miglietta
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, 200 Seawolf Pkwy, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas M Iliffe
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, 200 Seawolf Pkwy, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Borda
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University San Antonio, One University Way, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Stegenga BS, Jarboe A, Stevenson DJ, Borda E. Parasitism of the Two-Toed Amphiuma (Amphiuma means Garden) by the Macrobdellid Leech Macrobdella ditetra Moore. SOUTHEAST NAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1656/058.020.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Borda
- Texas A&M University San Antonio, One University Way, Department of Science and Math, San Antonio, TX 78224
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4
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Ávila‐García A, Sánchez C, Borda E, González‐Acosta B, Huato‐Soberanis L, Gómez‐Gutiérrez J. From five to one:
Sandyella
species (Palaemonidae) are distinct ontogenetic stages of a single species. ZOOL SCR 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Ávila‐García
- Departamento de Ciencias Marinas y Costeras Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur La Paz Mexico
| | - Carlos Sánchez
- Departamento de Ciencias Marinas y Costeras Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur La Paz Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Borda
- Department of Science and Mathematics Texas A&M University San Antonio San Antonio TX USA
| | - Bárbara González‐Acosta
- Departamento de Desarrollo de Tecnologías Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas Instituto Politécnico Nacional La Paz Mexico
| | | | - Jaime Gómez‐Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Plancton y Ecología Marina Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas Instituto Politécnico Nacional La Paz Mexico
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Figueroa J, Müller M, Guzmán-Pino SA, Franco-Rosselló R, Solà-Oriol D, Borda E, Dwyer DM, Pérez JF. Acquisition of flavour preferences in pigs through interactions with conspecifics that had previously consumed flavoured protein solutions. Animal 2020; 14:1740-1744. [PMID: 32122425 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731120000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that pigs can acquire flavour preferences by brief social interactions with conspecifics that previously consumed a flavoured solid feed. However, there is no information about whether a flavoured solution could support flavour preferences through social transmission. Ninety-six pigs (49 days old) were housed in 12 pens (8 pigs/pen). Four animals per pen were randomly selected to act as observers and four as demonstrators. Demonstrator animals were temporarily moved to an empty pen where a protein solution was offered (porcine digestive peptides (PDPs), 4% weight/volume) with the addition of 0.075% aniseed (six pens) or garlic (six pens) powdered artificial flavours for 30 min. Afterwards, demonstrators were returned to interact with observer animals for 30 min. A choice test (30 min) between aniseed and garlic PDP was performed for each observer group after the interaction. Observers showed a higher intake of solutions previously consumed by their demonstrator conspecifics (648 v. 468 ml; SEM 61.36, P < 0.05). As with flavoured solid feeds, protein solutions containing artificial flavours can create preferences in pigs for those flavours through social transmission from conspecifics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Figueroa
- Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul7 820 436, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Müller
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana8 820 000, Santiago, Chile
| | - S A Guzmán-Pino
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana8 820 000, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Franco-Rosselló
- Servei de Nutrició i Benestar Animal (SNiBA), Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08 193Bellaterra, Spain
| | - D Solà-Oriol
- Servei de Nutrició i Benestar Animal (SNiBA), Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08 193Bellaterra, Spain
| | - E Borda
- Bioibérica S.A.U., Palafolls08 389, Spain
| | - D M Dwyer
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, CardiffCF10 3AT, UK
| | - J F Pérez
- Servei de Nutrició i Benestar Animal (SNiBA), Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08 193Bellaterra, Spain
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6
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Siddall ME, Barkdull M, Tessler M, Brugler MR, Borda E, Hekkala E. Ideating iDNA: Lessons and limitations from leeches in legacy collections. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212226. [PMID: 30794582 PMCID: PMC6386349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Indirect methods for conducting faunal inventories present great promise, and genomic inventories derived from environmental sources (eDNA) are improving. Invertebrate ingested DNA (iDNA) from terrestrial leeches in the family Haemadipsidae has shown potential for surveying vertebrates and biodiversity monitoring in protected areas. Here we present an initial, and critical, evaluation of the limitations and biases of current iDNA protocols for biodiversity monitoring using both standard and NGS barcoding approaches. Key findings include the need for taxon relevant multi-locus markers and reference databases. In particular, the limitations of available reference databases have profound potential to mislead and bias eDNA and iDNA results if not critically interpreted. Nevertheless, there is great potential for recovery of amplifiable DNA from gut contents of invertebrate museum specimens which may reveal both temporal patterns and cryptic diversity in protected areas with increased efficiency. Our analyses of ingested DNA (iDNA) from both freshly stored and previously collected (legacy) samples of terrestrial leeches successfully identified vertebrates from Myanmar, Australia and Madagascar and indicate the potential to characterize microbial communities, pathogen diversity and interactions at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. Siddall
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Megan Barkdull
- New College of Florida, Sarasota, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michael Tessler
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mercer R. Brugler
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
- Biological Sciences Department, NYC College of Technology, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Borda
- Department of Science and Math, Texas A&M University San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Evon Hekkala
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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7
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Gonzalez BC, Martínez A, Borda E, Iliffe TM, Eibye-Jacobsen D, Worsaae K. Phylogeny and systematics of Aphroditiformia. Cladistics 2017; 34:225-259. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brett C. Gonzalez
- Marine Biological Section; Department of Biology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 4, 1st floor 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Alejandro Martínez
- Marine Biological Section; Department of Biology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 4, 1st floor 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- Institute for Ecosystems Study; Italian National Research Council; Largo Tonolli 5 28922 Verbania Italy
| | - Elizabeth Borda
- Marine Biology Department; Texas A&M University at Galveston; 1001 Texas Clipper Road Galveston TX 77553 USA
| | - Thomas M. Iliffe
- Marine Biology Department; Texas A&M University at Galveston; 1001 Texas Clipper Road Galveston TX 77553 USA
| | - Danny Eibye-Jacobsen
- Natural History Museum of Denmark; Zoological Museum; Universitetsparken 15 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Katrine Worsaae
- Marine Biological Section; Department of Biology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 4, 1st floor 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
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8
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Gonzalez BC, Martínez A, Borda E, Iliffe TM, Fontaneto D, Worsaae K. Genetic spatial structure of an anchialine cave annelid indicates connectivity within - but not between - islands of the Great Bahama Bank. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 109:259-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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9
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Reina S, Sterin-Borda L, Orman B, Borda E. Autoantibodies against Submandibular Gland Muscarinic Cholinoceptor Subtypes in Primary Sjögren Syndrome. EUR J INFLAMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x0500300305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren Syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by parasympathetic exocrine gland dysfunction. Here, the involvement of submandibular gland muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) M4 subtype is proposed as an IgG target together with M1 and M3 mAChR subtypes. The Kd values were total membranes 0.20 ± 0.017 nM; acini membranes 0.33 ± 0.023 nM and duct membranes 0.22 ± 0.040 nM and Bmax values were total, 1038 ± 24, acini, 1359 ± 28 and ducts, 593 ± 30. The rank order of Bmax was: acini > total > ducts, indicating that acini express the highest number of binding sites. The specific mAChR antagonists (4-DAMP [M3], tropicamide [M4], pirenzepine [M1]) and the corresponding synthetic peptides impaired IgG-mAChR subtype interactions. The specificity of these reactions was assessed by the corresponding affinity-purified anti peptide antibodies recognizing M4, M3 and M1 mAChR. These data concerning autoantibodies contribute to explain the pathogenesis of SS and also represent a new clinical marker for SS diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Reina
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, Buenos Aires University
| | - L. Sterin-Borda
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, Buenos Aires University
- Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B. Orman
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, Buenos Aires University
| | - E. Borda
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, Buenos Aires University
- Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Figueroa J, Solà-Oriol D, Guzmán-Pino SA, Chetrit C, Borda E, Pérez JF. The use of porcine digestible peptides and their continuity effect in nursery pigs1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1531-40. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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11
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Tessler M, Barrio A, Borda E, Rood-Goldman R, Hill M, Siddall ME. Description of a soft-bodied invertebrate with microcomputed tomography and revision of the genusChtonobdella(Hirudinea: Haemadipsidae). ZOOL SCR 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tessler
- Richard Gilder Graduate School; American Museum of Natural History; Central Park West at 79th Street New York NY 10024 USA
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology; American Museum of Natural History; Central Park West at 79th Street New York 10024 NY USA
| | - Amalie Barrio
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology; American Museum of Natural History; Central Park West at 79th Street New York 10024 NY USA
| | - Elizabeth Borda
- Department of Marine Biology; Texas A&M University at Galveston; 200 Seawolf Parkway Galveston TX 77554 USA
| | - Rebecca Rood-Goldman
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology; American Museum of Natural History; Central Park West at 79th Street New York 10024 NY USA
| | - Morgan Hill
- Microscopy and Imaging facilities; American Museum of Natural History; Central Park West at 79th Street New York NY 10024 USA
| | - Mark E. Siddall
- Richard Gilder Graduate School; American Museum of Natural History; Central Park West at 79th Street New York NY 10024 USA
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology; American Museum of Natural History; Central Park West at 79th Street New York 10024 NY USA
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12
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Borda E, Yáñez-Rivera B, Ochoa GM, Kudenov JD, Sanchez-Ortiz C, Schulze A, Rouse GW. Revamping Amphinomidae (Annelida: Amphinomida), with the inclusion ofNotopygos. ZOOL SCR 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Borda
- Marine Biology Department; Texas A&M University at Galveston; Ocean and Coastal Science Building 3029 200 Seawolf Parkway Galveston TX 77553 USA
| | - Beatriz Yáñez-Rivera
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología; UNAM; Unidad Académica Mazatlán; Joel Montes Camarena s/n Mazatlán Sinaloa 82000 México
| | - Gabriela M. Ochoa
- Marine Biology Department; Texas A&M University at Galveston; Ocean and Coastal Science Building 3029 200 Seawolf Parkway Galveston TX 77553 USA
| | - Jerry D. Kudenov
- Biological Sciences; University of Alaska Anchorage; 3211 Providence Drive Anchorage AK 99508-4614 USA
| | - Carlos Sanchez-Ortiz
- Biología Marina; Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur; La Paz Baja California Sur México
| | - Anja Schulze
- Marine Biology Department; Texas A&M University at Galveston; Ocean and Coastal Science Building 3029 200 Seawolf Parkway Galveston TX 77553 USA
| | - Greg W. Rouse
- MBRD; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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Borda E, Kudenov JD. Euphrosinidae (Annelida: Amphinomida) collected from Antarctica (R/VPolarstern, 1984, 1986) with comments on the generic placement ofEuphrosine magellanicaEhlers, 1900. P BIOL SOC WASH 2014. [DOI: 10.2988/0006-324x-126.4.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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14
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Mateos G, Mohiti-Asli M, Borda E, Mirzaie S, Frikha M. Effect of inclusion of porcine mucosa hydrolysate in diets varying in lysine content on growth performance and ileal histomorphology of broilers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Borda E, Kudenov JD, Chevaldonné P, Blake JA, Desbruyères D, Fabri MC, Hourdez S, Pleijel F, Shank TM, Wilson NG, Schulze A, Rouse GW. Cryptic species of Archinome (Annelida: Amphinomida) from vents and seeps. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 280:20131876. [PMID: 24026823 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.1876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its description from the Galapagos Rift in the mid-1980s, Archinome rosacea has been recorded at hydrothermal vents in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Only recently was a second species described from the Pacific Antarctic Ridge. We inferred the identities and evolutionary relationships of Archinome representatives sampled from across the hydrothermal vent range of the genus, which is now extended to cold methane seeps. Species delimitation using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) recovered up to six lineages, whereas concatenated datasets (COI, 16S, 28S and ITS1) supported only four or five of these as clades. Morphological approaches alone were inconclusive to verify the identities of species owing to the lack of discrete diagnostic characters. We recognize five Archinome species, with three that are new to science. The new species, designated based on molecular evidence alone, include: Archinome levinae n. sp., which occurs at both vents and seeps in the east Pacific, Archinome tethyana n. sp., which inhabits Atlantic vents and Archinome jasoni n. sp., also present in the Atlantic, and whose distribution extends to the Indian and southwest Pacific Oceans. Biogeographic connections between vents and seeps are highlighted, as are potential evolutionary links among populations from vent fields located in the east Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, and Atlantic and Indian Oceans; the latter presented for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Borda
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, , UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 93093, USA, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, , Anchorage, AK 99508, USA, CNRS, UMR 7263 IMBE, Institut Méditerranéen de la Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale, Aix-Marseille Université, , Station Marine d'Endoume, Rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France, AECOM Marine and Coastal Center, , Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, , Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA, Département Etude des Ecosystèmes Profonds, Centre de Brest de l'IFREMER, , 29280 Plouzané Cedex, France, CNRS, UPMC UMR 7127, , Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France, Department of Marine Ecology, University of Gothenburg, , Tjärnö, Strömstad, Sweden, Marine Biology Department, Texas A&M University at Galveston, , Galveston, TX 77553, USA
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Ahrens JB, Borda E, Barroso R, Paiva PC, Campbell AM, Wolf A, Nugues MM, Rouse GW, Schulze A. The curious case of Hermodice carunculata (Annelida: Amphinomidae): evidence for genetic homogeneity throughout the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent basins. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:2280-91. [PMID: 23517352 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, advances in molecular techniques have led to the detection of strong geographic population structure and cryptic speciation in many benthic marine taxa, even those with long-lived pelagic larval stages. Polychaete annelids, in particular, generally show a high degree of population divergence, especially in mitochondrial genes. Rarely have molecular studies confirmed the presence of 'cosmopolitan' species. The amphinomid polychaete Hermodice carunculata was long considered the sole species within its genus, with a reported distribution throughout the Atlantic and adjacent basins. However, recent studies have indicated morphological differences, primarily in the number of branchial filaments, between the East and West Atlantic populations; these differences were invoked to re-instate Hermodice nigrolineata, formerly considered a junior synonym of H. carunculata. We utilized sequence data from two mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16S rDNA) markers and one nuclear (internal transcribed spacer) marker to examine the genetic diversity of Hermodice throughout its distribution range in the Atlantic Ocean, including the Mediterranean Sea, the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf of Guinea. Our analyses revealed generally low genetic divergences among collecting localities and between the East and West Atlantic, although phylogenetic trees based on mitochondrial data indicate the presence of a private lineage in the Mediterranean Sea. A re-evaluation of the number of branchial filaments confirmed differences between East and West Atlantic populations; however, the differences were not diagnostic and did not reflect the observed genetic population structure. Rather, we suspect that the number of branchial filaments is a function of oxygen saturation in the environment. Our results do not support the distinction between H. carunculata in the West Atlantic and H. nigrolineata in the East Atlantic. Instead, they re-affirm the older notion that H. carunculata is a cohesive species with a broad distribution across the Atlantic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Ahrens
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77551-5926, USA.
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Figueroa J, Solà-Oriol D, Guzmán-Pino S, Borda E, Pérez JF. Flavor preferences conditioned by postingestive effect of sucrose and porcine digestive peptides in postweaning pigs1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90 Suppl 4:381-3. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.51308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Figueroa
- Grup de Nutrició, Maneig i Benestar Animal, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - D. Solà-Oriol
- Grup de Nutrició, Maneig i Benestar Animal, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - S. Guzmán-Pino
- Grup de Nutrició, Maneig i Benestar Animal, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - E. Borda
- Bioibérica, Palafolls, Barcelona 08389, Spain
| | - J. F. Pérez
- Grup de Nutrició, Maneig i Benestar Animal, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
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Guzmán-Pino SA, Solà-Oriol D, Figueroa J, Borda E, Pérez JF. Dietary energy density affects the preference for protein or carbohydrate solutions and piglet performance after weaning. J Anim Sci 2012; 90 Suppl 4:71-3. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.49994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Guzmán-Pino
- Grup de Nutrició, Maneig i Benestar Animal, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - D. Solà-Oriol
- Grup de Nutrició, Maneig i Benestar Animal, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - J. Figueroa
- Grup de Nutrició, Maneig i Benestar Animal, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - E. Borda
- Bioibérica, Palafolls 08389, Spain
| | - J. F. Pérez
- Grup de Nutrició, Maneig i Benestar Animal, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
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Figueroa J, Solà-Oriol D, Borda E, Sclafani A, Pérez JF. Flavour preferences conditioned by protein solutions in post-weaning pigs. Physiol Behav 2012; 107:309-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Borda E, Kudenov JD, Bienhold C, Rouse GW. Towards a revised Amphinomidae (Annelida, Amphinomida): description and affinities of a new genus and species from the Nile Deep-sea Fan, Mediterranean Sea. ZOOL SCR 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00529.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Miozza V, Borda E, S-Borda L, Busch L. Increase nitric oxide synthase activity in parotid glands from rats with experimental periodontitis. Oral Dis 2010; 16:801-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01691.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Borda E, Siddall ME. Insights into the evolutionary history of Indo-Pacific bloodfeeding terrestrial leeches (Hirudinida:Arhynchobdellida:Haemadipisdae). INVERTEBR SYST 2010. [DOI: 10.1071/is10013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Haemadipsidae is a clade of notorious bloodfeeding annelids adapted to tropical and sub-tropical rainforests found throughout the Indo-Pacific. This family traditionally includes duognathous (two-jawed) endemics, each placed in their own genus, from continental and volcanic islands including: Australia, Indonesia, Madagascar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Seychelles, and South Pacific islands, while trignathous (three-jawed) Tritetrabdella species and the speciose Haemadipsa are exclusive to the Indian subcontinent ranging into east and south-east Asia. One of the more compelling aspects of haemadipsids is their distribution on post-Gondwanan landmasses. In this study, the phylogenetic relationships, taxonomy and biogeographic patterns of Haemadipsidae were examined. Over 5 kb of sequence data from three genes (nuclear 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA and mitochondrial COI) for 37 haemadipsid exemplars, representing 12 of the 15 recognised genera, were analysed under the criteria of maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference. The results show that widespread duognathous species form a monophyletic group derived from trignathous ancestry and are sister to a new trignathous clade for Haemadipsidae. This phylogenetic hypothesis rejected Gondwanan vicariance as an explanation for the diversification of haemadipsids. Haemadipsidae is accepted as the formal name for these Indo-Pacific leeches. Whereas the subdivisions Haemadipsinae and Domanibdellinae are clarified, there is a need to establish a new subfamily, Tritetrabdellinae, for the newly identified trignathous clade that is sister to Domanibdellinae. This study provides a basis for continued elucidation of the evolutionary relationships and classification of these terrestrial annelids.
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De Couto Pita A, Passafaro D, Ganzinelli S, Borda E, Sterin-Borda L. Differential cholinoceptor modulation of nitric oxide isoforms in experimentally-induced inflammation of dental pulp tissue. Int Endod J 2009; 42:525-33. [PMID: 19460002 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2009.01549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to investigate the role of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) activity in the regulation of endothelial (e), neuronal (n) and inducible (i) nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and expression in experimentally induced inflammation of rat dental pulp tissue. METHODOLOGY Inflammation was induced by application of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to the pulp. Extirpated pulp-tissue samples were incubated in saline solution until the various experiments were performed. Saline-treated pulp and healthy pulp tissues were used as controls. NOS activity was measured by the production of [U-(14)C]-citrulline from [U-(14)C]-arginine. Nitrite/nitrate assay was evaluated by the conversion of nitrate to nitrite in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. i-nos, e-nos and n-nos mRNA levels were measured using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction by co-amplification of target cDNA with a single set of primers. RESULTS Application of LPS to the pulp increased NOS activity and nitrate production (P < 0.001), generated by iNOS over-activity and expression. Pilocarpine acting on mAChRs triggered a biphasic action on NOS activity and NO accumulation. At low concentrations, pilocarpine induced a negative effect associated with a decrease in i-nos mRNA level, whilst at high concentration, it produced a positive effect associated with increased e-nos and n-nos mRNA levels. In control pulp tissue, only the positive effect of pilocarpine was observed. CONCLUSIONS Irreversible pulpitis changes mAChR conformation increasing its efficiency of coupling to transducing molecules that in turn induce activate iNOS. The capacity of pilocarpine to prevent NO accumulation and iNOS activity, by acting on mAChR mutation induced by pulpitis, might be useful therapeutically as a local treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De Couto Pita
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sterin-Borda L, Furlan C, Borda E. Autoantibodies to beta1-adrenoceptors in human chronic periodontitis induce overexpression of fibroblast CD40 and trigger prostaglandin E2 generation. J Periodontal Res 2008; 44:330-7. [PMID: 18973525 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Autoimmune mechanisms may contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Autoantibodies with the potential to bind and activate beta(1)-adrenoceptors (beta(1)-AR) of human gingival fibroblasts were studied to provide evidence of altered humoral immune response in chronic periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using cell culture-adherent gingival fibroblasts and/or their purified membranes and/or a synthetic peptide corresponding to the second extracellular loop of human beta(1)-AR were used to detect serum antibodies. The effects of antibodies from chronic periodontal disease patients on PGE(2) generation and CD40 expression were also tested. RESULTS Circulating immunoglobulin G (IgG) from chronic periodontal disease patients (but not from normal individuals) interacted with the fibroblast surface, activating beta(1)-AR. Atenolol or CGP 20712 (beta 1-AR antagonists) and beta(1) synthetic peptide inhibited the interaction of IgG with beta(1)-AR. Immunoglobulin G from chronic periodontal disease patients also displayed agonist-like activity associated with specific beta(1)-AR activation, increasing PGE(2) generation and CD40 overexpression. The corresponding affinity-purified anti-beta(1)-AR peptide IgG mimicked these effects. Both effects were prevented by inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase. CONCLUSION This article supports the participation of humoral immune alterations in chronic periodontal disease resulting in postsynaptic functional deregulation. Overproduction of proinflammatory mediators (PGE(2) and CD40 expression) is induced as a consequence of antibody-beta(1)-AR interaction. The PGE(2)-CD40-IgG axis may play a part in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the inflammatory process in chronic periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sterin-Borda
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that antibodies against cholinoreceptors of exocrine glands correlate with dry mouth in persons with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). The aim of the present investigation was to establish if serum IgG antibodies (pSS IgG) were able to interact with cholinoreceptors in rat submandibular gland-dependent stimulation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) mRNA expression and PGE(2) production. Our findings indicated that pSS IgG-stimulating M(3), M(4), and M(1) cholinoreceptors exerted an increase in COX-2 mRNA without affecting COX-1 mRNA expression and increased PGE(2) production. Inhibitors of phospholipase A(2), COX- s, L-type calcium channel currents, and Ca(2+)-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum prevented the pSS IgG effect on PGE(2) production. An ionophore of calcium mimicked pSS IgG action, suggesting a crucial role of calcium homeostasis in the cholinoreceptor-stimulated increase in PGE(2) production. Moreover, the amounts of PGE(2) in saliva and in sera from persons with pSS were significantly higher than in pre- or post-menopausal women. These findings illustrate the importance of autoantibodies to cholinoreceptors in the generation of chronic inflammation of target tissues in SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Reina
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, 1122 AAH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sterin-Borda L, Furlan C, Reina S, Orman B, Borda E. Differential signalling pathways involved in cholinoceptor-dependent stimulation of nitric oxide isoforms in dental pulp. Int Endod J 2007; 40:544-52. [PMID: 17511785 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtype activity in the regulation of endothelial- (e) and neuronal- (n) nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression and activity. METHODOLOGY Rat dental pulp tissue was used throughout the study. The e-nos and n-nos mRNA levels were specifically measured using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction procedures that involve simultaneous co-amplification of both target cDNA and a reference template with a single set of primers. NOS activity was measured by the production of [U-(14)C]-citrulline from [U-(14)C]-arginine. RESULTS Stimulation of M(1)/M(2) and M(3)/M(4) mAChRs with pilocarpine caused an increase in e-nos and n-nos mRNA levels and NOS activity in the dental pulp. The specific mAChR subtype antagonists, L-NMMA, l-NIO and N(2)-propyl-L-arginine but not aminoguanidine attenuated all these effects. Inhibitors of phospholipase C (PLC), protein kinase C (PKC) and calcium/calmodulin (CaM) prevented the pilocarpine-dependent increase in n-nos and e-nos mRNA levels and NOS activity. CONCLUSIONS Activation of mAChR subtypes stimulated NOS activity by increasing the production of NO through e-nos and n-nos gene expression and NOS activity. The mechanism appears to occur secondarily to stimulation of CaM and PKC enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sterin-Borda
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, and Argentine National Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Martinez-Puig D, Manzanilla E, Morales J, Borda E, Pérez J, Piñeiro C, Chetrit C. Dietary nucleotide supplementation reduces occurrence of diarrhoea in early weaned pigs. Livest Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2007.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ganzinelli S, Joensen L, Borda E, Bernabeo G, Sterin-Borda L. Mechanisms involved in the regulation of mRNA for M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and endothelial and neuronal NO synthases in rat atria. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 151:175-85. [PMID: 17384670 PMCID: PMC2013945 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Agonists of the M(2) muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) increase mRNA for this receptor and mRNA for endothelial and neuronal isoforms of NO synthase (eNOS or nNOS). Here we examine the different signalling pathways involved in such events in rat cardiac atria. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In isolated atria, the effects of carbachol on mRNA for M(2) receptors, eNOS and nNOS were measured along with changes in phosphoinositide (PI) turnover, translocation of protein kinase C (PKC), NOS activity and atrial contractility. KEY RESULTS Carbachol increased mRNA for M(2) receptors, activation of PI turnover, translocation of PKC and NOS activity and decreased atrial contractility. Inhibitors of phospholipase C (PLC), calcium/calmodulin (CaM), NOS and PKC prevented the carbachol-dependent increase in mRNA for M(2) receptors. These inhibitors also attenuated the carbachol induced increase in nNOS- and eNOS-mRNA levels. Inhibition of nNOS shifted the dose response curve of carbachol on contractility to the right, whereas inhibition of eNOS shifted it to the left. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS From our results, activation of M(2) receptors induced nNOS and eNOS expression and activation of NOS up-regulated M(2) receptor gene expression. The signalling pathways involved included stimulation of PI turnover via PLC activation, CaM and PKC. nNOS and eNOS mediated opposing effects on the negative inotropic effect in atria, induced by stimulation of M(2) receptors. These results may contribute to a better understanding of the effects and side effects of cholinomimetic treatment in patients with cardiac neuromyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ganzinelli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires and Argentine National Research Council Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Joensen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires and Argentine National Research Council Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Borda
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires and Argentine National Research Council Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Bernabeo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires and Argentine National Research Council Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Sterin-Borda
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires and Argentine National Research Council Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Author for correspondence:
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Orman B, Reina S, Sterin-Borda L, Borda E. Signaling pathways leading to prostaglandin E(2) production by rat cerebral frontal cortex. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2006; 74:255-62. [PMID: 16546360 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2006.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2005] [Revised: 12/27/2005] [Accepted: 01/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we have determined the effect of both muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) and exogenous prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) on PGE(2) production and cyclooxygenases (COX) mRNA gene expression on rat cerebral frontal cortex. Carbachol and PGE(2) increase endogenous PGE(2) production and the COX-1 mRNA levels by activation of PLA(2)s. The COX-1 and COX-2 activity participated in the production of PGE(2) triggered by exogenous PGE(2). While in carbachol-PGE(2) only COX-1 activity is affected. The specific inhibition of PGE(2) receptor was able to impair the increase of endogenous PGE(2) production triggered by both carbachol and exogenous PGE(2). These results suggest that carbachol-activation mAChR increased PGE(2) production that in turn interacting with its own receptor triggers an additional production of PGE(2). Both mechanisms appear to occur by using PLA(2) signaling system. This data should be able to contribute to understand the involvement of PGE(2) in normal brain function and its participation in neuroinflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Orman
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Finkelberg A, Busch L, Reina S, Sterin-Borda L, Borda E. Endogenous signalling system involved in parotid gland adenosine A(1) receptor-amylase release. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2006; 186:29-36. [PMID: 16497177 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2005.01508.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM In this study, we have determined signalling pathways involved in adenosine A(1) receptor (A(1) receptor)-dependent stimulation of amylase release in rat parotid gland. METHODS Amylase release, binding and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) assays, inositol phosphates (IPs) production and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in the presence of cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (CPA) alone or in the presence of different inhibitory drugs were performed. RESULTS The binding parameters of specific A(1) antagonist [(3)H]-cyclopentyl 1,3-dipropilxanthine ([(3)H]-DPCPX) in parotid gland membranes show a population of high affinity sites with K(d) (nm) 0.53 +/- 0.06 and B(max) (fmol mg(-1) protein) 122.6 +/- 10.2. CPA stimulation of A(1) receptor exerts an increase in amylase release, IPs accumulation, cAMP production and NOS activity. All these A(1) agonist effects were blocked by the A(1) receptor antagonist DPCPX. Inhibitors of phospholipase C (PLC), calcium/calmodulin (CaM), protein kinase C (PKC), and adenylate cyclase, but not NOS, activities attenuated the CPA stimulatory effect on amylase release. The effect of CPA on amylase release significantly correlated with its action either on cAMP or on IPs accumulation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that CPA activation of parotid gland A(1) receptor induces a stimulatory effect on amylase release associated with increased production of cAMP and IPs accumulation. The mechanism appears to occur secondarily to stimulation of phosphoinositide turnover via PLC activation. This, in turn, triggers cascade reactions involving CaM and PKC. The CPA stimulation of NOS does not appear to participate in amylase release.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Finkelberg
- Physiology Unit, School of Dentistry, Córdoba National University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Siddall ME, Budinoff RB, Borda E. Phylogenetic evaluation of systematics and biogeography of the leech family Glossiphoniidae. INVERTEBR SYST 2005. [DOI: 10.1071/is04034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The phylogenetic relationships of Glossiphoniidae, a leech family characterised by its high degree of parental care, were investigated with the combined use of morphological data and three molecular datasets. There was strong support for monophyly of most accepted genera in the group, many of which are consistent with eyespot morphology. The genera Desserobdella Barta & Sawyer, 1990 and Oligobdella Moore, 1918 are suppressed as junior synonyms of Placobdella Blanchard, 1893 and thus recognising each of Placobdella picta (Verrill, 1872) Moore, 1906, Placobdella phalera (Graf, 1899) Moore, 1906, and Placobdella biannulata (Moore, 1900), comb. nov. The species Glossiphonia elegans (Verrill, 1872) Castle, 1900 and Helobdella modesta (Verrill, 1872), comb. nov. are resurrected for the North American counterparts to European non-sanguivorous species. Glossphonia baicalensis (Stschegolew, 1922), comb. nov. is removed from the genus Torix Blanchard 1898 and Alboglossiphonia quadrata (Moore, 1949) Sawyer, 1986 is removed from the genus Hemiclepsis Vejdovsky, 1884. The biogeographic implications of the phylogenetic hypothesis are evaluated in the context of what is already known for vertebrate hosts and Tertiary continental arrangements.
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Abstract
A remarkable diversity of life history strategies, geographic distributions, and morphological characters provide a rich substrate for investigating the evolutionary relationships of arhynchobdellid leeches. The phylogenetic relationships, using parsimony analysis, of the order Arhynchobdellida were investigated using nuclear 18S and 28S rDNA, mitochondrial 12S rDNA, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequence data, as well as 24 morphological characters. Thirty-nine arhynchobdellid species were selected to represent the seven currently recognized families. Sixteen rhynchobdellid leeches from the families Glossiphoniidae and Piscicolidae were included as outgroup taxa. Analysis of all available data resolved a single most-parsimonious tree. The cladogram conflicted with most of the traditional classification schemes of the Arhynchobdellida. Monophyly of the Erpobdelliformes and Hirudiniformes was supported, whereas the families Haemadipsidae, Haemopidae, and Hirudinidae, as well as the genera Hirudo or Aliolimnatis, were found not to be monophyletic. The results provide insight on the phylogenetic positions for the taxonomically problematic families Americobdellidae and Cylicobdellidae, the genera Semiscolex, Patagoniobdella, and Mesobdella, as well as genera traditionally classified under Hirudinidae. The evolution of dietary and habitat preferences is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Borda
- Department of Biology, Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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Siddall ME, Borda E. Phylogeny and revision of the leech genus Helobdella (Glossiphoniidae) based on mitochondrial gene sequences and morphological data and a special consideration of the triserialis complex. ZOOL SCR 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00098.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
It is known that nitric oxide modulates the prostaglandin generation. However, little is known about the regulatory action of prostaglandin on nitric oxide production. There is a molecular cross-talk between nitric oxide and prostaglandin. Here, we examined biochemical signalling pathways coupled to the prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) receptor related to nitric oxide synthase stimulation in rat submandibular gland. PGE(2) through the stimulation of its own receptor, triggered activation of phosphoinositide turnover (IPs), translocation of protein kinase C (PKC), stimulation of nitric oxide synthase activity (NOS) and increased production of cyclic GMP (cGMP). PGE(2) stimulation of NOS and cGMP production was blunted by agents interfering with calcium influx, calcium/calmodulin and phospholipase C (PLC) activities; while PKC inhibitor was able to stimulate PGE(2) effects. PGE(2) did not evoke amylase release, indicating that NOS/ cGMP pathway were not associated with this enzyme secretion. Our results suggest that this prostanoid could act as vasoactive chemical mediator through its ability to activate NOS-cGMP pathway via own gland membrane receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Borda
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry and Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, National Research Council of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Anesini C, Borda E. Modulatory effect of the adrenergic system upon fibroblast proliferation: participation of beta 3-adrenoceptors. Auton Autacoid Pharmacol 2002; 22:177-86. [PMID: 12452903 DOI: 10.1046/j.1474-8673.2002.00261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
1. The beta3-adrenoceptor agonist ZD 7114, like the non-selective beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline, but unlike the beta1-adrenoceptor agonist dobutamine and the beta2-adrenoceptor agonist salbutamol, produced an increment on mouse embryonic fibroblast proliferation. The half-maximal stimulation of cell growth occurred at substantially lower concentrations with the beta3-adrenoceptor agonist (EC50: 5.5 x 10(-8) m) than with isoprenaline (EC50: 1.25 x 10(-6) m). 2. The selective beta3-adrenoceptor antagonist SR 5923 OA prevented the beta3-stimulated fibroblast proliferation. Conversely, practolol and butoxamine did not prevent fibroblast growth. 3. Additionally, a decrease of cAMP was obtained in fibroblasts cells upon stimulation with isoprenaline and ZD 7114. 4. The expression of beta-adrenoreceptors on fibroblast cells was also studied by radioligand binding. The Ki values in the presence of beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptor antagonist was two-fold higher than the Ki values for beta3 adrenoceptor antagonist indicating the presence of A3-receptor subtype. 5. Inhibitors of different intracellular coupling pathways including phospholipase C (U 73122), protein kinase C (staurosporine), calcium/calmodulin (trifluoroperazine) and calcium channel (verapamil), prevented the stimulatory actions of the selective beta3-adrenoceptor agonist ZD 7114. 6. The presence of beta3-adrenoceptors on embryonic mouse fibroblast cells may play a role in the modulation of cell growth and biologic activity. The mechanism by which ZD 7114 triggers cell proliferation and function, involves the activation of phospholipase C, PKC, calcium/calmodulin and the influx of calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Anesini
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Marcelo T de Alvear 2142 (1122), Capitol Federal Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sterin-Borda L, Goin JC, Bilder CR, Iantorno G, Hernando AC, Borda E. Interaction of human chagasic IgG with human colon muscarinic acetylcholine receptor: molecular and functional evidence. Gut 2001; 49:699-705. [PMID: 11600475 PMCID: PMC1728515 DOI: 10.1136/gut.49.5.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gastrointestinal disorders is one of the clinical manifestations of chronic Chagas' disease. The pathogenesis seems to be associated with autonomic dysfunction. Here, we consider the muscarinic cholinoceptor mediated alteration in distal colon function in chagasic megacolon. PATIENTS Patients were divided into four groups: group I, chronic chagasic patients with megacolon; group II, chronic chagasic patients without megacolon; group III, non-chagasic patients with megacolon; and group IV, normal healthy volunteers (control). METHODS Binding assay and immunoblot of cholinoceptors from human and rat colon and enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) using a synthetic 24mer peptide corresponding to the second extracellular loop of human M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) were used to detect the presence of serum antibodies. The effect of antibodies on basal tone and 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) production of human and rat distal colon strips were also tested. RESULTS Group I but not the other groups had circulating antibodies capable of interacting with human colon activating M2 mAChR, as they competed with binding of specific radioligand to mAChR and interacted with the second extracellular loop of human M2 mAChR. Moreover, affinity purified anti-M2 peptide IgG from group I, in common with monoclonal antihuman M2 mAChR, recognised bands with a molecular weight corresponding to colon mAChR. This antibody also displayed an agonist-like activity, increasing basal tone and decreasing cAMP accumulation. Both effects were blunted by AF-DX 116 and neutralised by the synthetic peptide. CONCLUSIONS In chagasic patients with megacolon there are antibodies that can recognise and activate M2 mAChR. The implications of these autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of chagasic megacolon is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sterin-Borda
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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38
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Abstract
Chagas' disease is caused by a parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, which is widely distributed in South and Central America. Dysautonomias, derangements of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system function, are seen fairly often during the chronic course of Chagas' disease. Many infected subjects developed, in the course of the disease, neurogenic cardiomyopathy or digestive damage. Our investigations show the existence of circulating antibodies in Chagas' disease that bind to beta-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor (mAChR). The neurotransmitter receptor-autoantibody interaction triggers in the cells intracellular signal transductions that alter the physiological behavior of the target organs, leading to tissue damage. Moreover, the deposit of autoantibodies behaving as agonists induces desensitization and/or down regulation of the receptors. This in turn can lead to a progressive blockade of them with sympathetic and parasympathetic denervation. Using synthetic peptides for immunoblotting and enzyme immunoassay, we demonstrated that these autoantibodies reacted against the second extracellular loop of the human heart beta 1 adrenoceptor and M2 cholinoceptor. Also, the corresponding affinity-purified antipeptide antibodies displayed an agonist-like activity associated with specific receptor activation. A strong association between circulating antipeptide M2 mAChR autoantibodies and the presence of patients' low heart rate variability index, bradycardia and cardiac or esophageal autonomic dysfunction in chronic chagasic patients was verified. This fact make these antipeptide antibodies a proper marker of cardiac neuromyopathy and achalasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sterin-Borda
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológios y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Buenos Aires University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Isolated congenital heart block may be associated with autoimmune disorder such as Sjögren Syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. In this work we demonstrate circulating autoantibodies against neonatal heart M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) in the sera of children with congenital heart block. This antibody were able to react with the second extracellular loop of the human M1 mAChR as demonstrated using a synthetic peptide in enzyme immune assay and binding assay. Affinity purified anti-peptide IgG as well as total IgG from children with congenital heart block, interfered with the specific radioligand occupancy from neonatal heart M1 mAChR, interacting irreversibly. The antipeptide antibodies also displayed an 'agonist-like' activity, i.e. decreased contractility, activated nitric oxide synthase activity and increased production of cyclic GMP. All of these effects were selectively blunted by pirenzepine and neutralized by the synthetic M1 peptide. Both binding and biological effects were obtained using neonatal rat heart instead adult heart and were independent of Ro/SS-A and La/SS-B antibodies and were also absent in the sera of normal children. A clinical relevance of these findings is demonstrated by a strong association between the existence of circulating M1 mAChR antipeptide antibodies and the presence of isolated congenital heart block, making these antibodies a proper marker of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Borda
- CEFYBO-CONICET and School of Dentistry and Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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40
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Bacman S, Berra A, Sterin-Borda L, Borda E. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antibodies as a new marker of dry eye Sjögren syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42:321-7. [PMID: 11157861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The authors investigated whether circulating autoantibodies against M(3) muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) could be a new marker for diagnosis for primary and secondary Sjögren syndrome (SS) dry eye. METHODS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using both rat exorbital lacrimal gland acinar cell membranes and synthetic 25-mer peptide as antigens was used to determine autoantibodies against acinar cells and M(3) mAChRs. Also, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was assessed to determine the biological effect of these autoantibodies in relation to the M(3) mAChR. RESULTS Sera from dry eye primary SS (pSS) or secondary SS (sSS) patients tested by ELISA recognized membrane lacrimal gland acinar cells antigens and the synthetic 25-mer peptide, corresponding to the second extracellular loop of human M(3) mAChRs. Moreover, the IgG fraction and the corresponding affinity-purified anti-M(3) peptide autoantibodies from the same patients were able to activate NOS coupled to lacrimal gland M(3) mAChRs. As controls, IgG and sera from women without dry eye with or without rheumatoid arthritis and from normal control subjects gave negative results on ELISA and biological assay; thus demonstrating the specificity of the reaction. CONCLUSIONS Autoantibodies against mAChR may be considered among the serum factors implicated in the pathophysiology of the development of pSS dry eyes and could be a new marker to differentiate SS dry eyes from non-SS dry eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bacman
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry and the Pathology and Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Buenos Aires University, Argentina
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41
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Anesini C, Ferraro G, López P, Borda E. Different intracellular signals coupled to the antiproliferative action of aqueous crude extract from Larrea divaricata Cav. and nor-dihydroguaiaretic acid on a lymphoma cell line. Phytomedicine 2001; 8:1-7. [PMID: 11292233 DOI: 10.1078/0944-7113-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the effect of standard NDGA, as compared to that of an aqueous extract of Larrea divaricata Cav., on BW 5147 lymphoma cell-line proliferation. To determine the mechanism of action, the effects of both on the level of intracellular cAMP, protein kinase C activity and calcium influx were studied. Moreover, the NDGA present in the aqueous extract of the plant was quantified. The aqueous extract and the standard NDGA showed antiproliferative action against these cells. While the antiproliferative activity of the aqueous extract was mediated by an increase in cAMP levels, and inhibition of PKC and calcium influx, the antiproliferative activity of NDGA was related only to the inhibition of PKC. Considering the amount of NDGA detected in the aqueous extract of the plant, at the concentrations analyzed in this case, antiproliferative activity of Larrea divaricata cannot be attributed to this compound, but could have an additive effect on the activity of other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Anesini
- Cátedra de Farmacologia, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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42
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Goren N, Sterin-Borda L, Bartrons R, Gomez R, Borda E. Detection of mRNA encoding H(1) receptor and iNOS by RT-PCR in autoimmune myocarditis with special reference to changes in heart contractility. Int J Cardiol 2000; 76:165-72. [PMID: 11104871 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5273(00)00375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue from autoimmune myocarditis mice was studied to evaluate the expression and biological activity of mRNA encoding H(1) receptor and iNOS. BALB/c inbred mice were immunized with heart protein and sacrificed at 20, 45 and 50 days post immunization. Heart contractility studies and RT-PCR assays were performed. Heart from autoimmune myocarditis mice show mRNA iNOS-related dysfunction with a decrease in heart contractility. This effect was accompanied with an increase production of cyclic GMP and was improved by treating autoimmune mice with an inhibitor of iNOS activity. In addition, autoimmune myocardium expressed an active histamine H(1) receptor mRNA coupled to phospholipase C. The activation of H(1) receptor by ThEA stimulated both phosphoinositide hydrolysis and heart contractility. Normal myocardium did not expressed neither iNOS mRNA nor H(1) receptor mRNA. In conclusions: the development of autoimmune cardiac dysfunction was associated with the expression of iNOS mRNA, cyclic GMP accumulation and the expression of an active histamine H(1) receptor mRNA with increase production of inositol phosphates. These protein emergence during the course of autoimmune myocarditis may be involved a distinct compensatory mechanism operating in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Goren
- Pharmacologic Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2142, 4 to Floor Sector B, 1122, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Antidepressant drugs such as desipramine and fluoxetine increase norepinephrine (NE) contractile response in rat vas deferens by inhibiting neuronal amine uptake. Fluoxetine, unlike other antidepressants, also inhibits calcium fluxes, which results in an inhibition of maximal NE effect. Since the contractile response of the reproductive tract is under the influence of testosterone, the effect of fluoxetine could be modified according to the endocrine status of the animal. In the present study we evaluated the influence of castration and testosterone replacement (1 mg per 100 g body wt.) on the peripheral action of fluoxetine. Castration was followed by a decrease in vas deferens weight and the appearance of spontaneous activity. Testosterone replacement reversed these effects. Concentration-response curves to NE and calcium were obtained in the absence and the presence of fluoxetine in vasa deferentia from normal, castrated and testosterone-treated castrated rats. After castration the effect of fluoxetine on vas deferens contractility was markedly altered. The spontaneous activity that appears after castration was prevented by fluoxetine and the stimulatory effect on NE-induced contractions was not observed. In contrast, the inhibitory action of fluoxetine on maximal NE effect was increased. Testosterone replacement restored vas deferens response to NE in the presence of fluoxetine. Fluoxetine did not modify the binding parameters of [(3)H]prazosin in vasa deferentia from normal or castrated animals. Cocaine shifted the NE concentration-response curve to the left in all groups, suggesting that the changes in fluoxetine effect following castration were not the result of an alteration of the neuronal uptake mechanism. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor l-NMMA did not modify vas deferens response to NE in castrated animals either in the absence or presence of fluoxetine. An increased sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of fluoxetine was observed in the calcium concentration-response curves in vasa deferentia from castrated rats, an effect that was reversed by testosterone replacement. The results suggest that the alteration in the responsiveness of vasa deferentia from castrated rats to calcium could be responsible for increased sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of fluoxetine. It is concluded that vas deferens contractile response is testosterone dependent and that this behaviour modifies the effect of drugs such as fluoxetine that have dual effect on contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Busch
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2142 (1122), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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44
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Genaro AM, Stranieri GM, Borda E. Involvement of the endogenous nitric oxide signalling system in bradykinin receptor activation in rat submandibular salivary gland. Arch Oral Biol 2000; 45:723-9. [PMID: 10869485 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9969(00)00048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical signalling events coupled to the bradykinin B(2)-receptor subtype, related to nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2) generation were studied in rat submandibular gland. Bradykinin stimulation of the B(2)-receptor triggered activation of phosphoinositide turnover, translocation of protein kinase C, stimulation of nitric oxide synthase activity, increased production of cGMP and release of prostaglandin E(2). Bradykinin stimulation of nitric oxide synthase and cGMP production was blunted by agents able to interfere with calcium/calmodulin and phospholipase C activities, while a protein kinase C inhibitor was able to stimulate bradykinin action. Moreover, a specific B(2)-bradykinin antagonist of the reversible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor abrogated the bradykinin stimulation of nitric oxide synthase activity, cGMP accumulation and prostaglandin E(2) generation. Furthermore, a specific inhibitor of phospholipase A(2) blocked the bradykinin-induced prostaglandin E(2) release. These results suggest that apart, from the direct effect of bradykinin as an inducer of vasopermeability, it also appears to be a vasoactive chemical mediator that triggers, through release of prostaglandin E(2), a feedback mechanism that induces a protective adaptation of the gland, modulating the course of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Genaro
- Pharmacological Unit, School of Dentistry, Buenos Aires University - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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45
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Sterin-Borda L, Borda E. Overview of molecular mechanisms in chagasic cardioneuromyopathy and achalasia. Medicina (B Aires) 2000; 59 Suppl 2:75-83. [PMID: 10668247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence accumulated by our investigations over the years give adequate proof for the existence of circulating antibodies in Chagas disease which bind to beta adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor of myocardium. The interaction of agonist-like antibodies with neurotransmitter receptors, triggers in the cells intracellular signal transductions that alter the physiological behaviour of the target organs. These events convert the normal cells into pathologically active cells. The interaction of antibodies with heart beta adrenergic and cholinergic receptors triggers physiologic, morphologic, enzymatic and molecular alterations, leading to tissue damage. The analysis of the prevalence and distribution of these antibodies reveals a strong association with cardiac and esophageal autonomic dysfunction in seropositive patients in comparison with those without alteration of the heart and esophagus autonomic disorders: therefore, the presence of these antibodies may partially explain the cardiomyoneurophathy and achalasia of Chagas disease, in which the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are affected. The deposit of autoantibodies behaving like an agonist on neurotransmitter receptors, induceds desensitization and/or down regulation of the receptors. This in turn, could lead to a progressive blockade of neurotransmitter receptors, with sympathetic and parasympathetic dennervation, a phenomenon that has been described during the course of Chagas cardioneuropathy and achalasia. The clinical relevance of these findings is the demonstration, using biomolecules, of a strong association between the existence of circulating autoantibodies against peptides corresponding to the second extracellular loop of the human heart beta, adrenoceptor and M2 cholinoceptor in chagasic patients, and the presence of dysautonomic symptoms, making these autoantibodies a proper early marker of heart and digestive autonomic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sterin-Borda
- CEFYBO-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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46
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the antidepressant drug fluoxetine could modify rat vas deferens response to norepinephrine (NE), and to compare its effect with that of desipramine and cocaine. Results showed that 10(-5)m fluoxetine produced a super-sensibility of vas deferens to NE. This result was the same as those obtained for 10(-6)m desipramine or cocaine. Since the effect was Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent, an inhibitory mechanism of neuronal NE transport was suggested. Fluoxetine did not modify [(3)H]prazosin K(d) or B(max) in rat vas deferens, reinforcing the hypothesis of a pre-synaptic site of action. On the other hand fluoxetine inhibited NE maximal effect. This inhibitory effect could be related to an antagonism of calcium entry through the voltage-dependent calcium channel, since it was partially reverted by increasing calcium concentration and, besides, the drug was able to inhibit the calcium concentration-response curve also. Contractions induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were not modified in the presence of fluoxetine. It is concluded that fluoxetine modulates rat vas deferens response to low NE concentrations in the same manner as the selective inhibitor of NE neuronal uptake desipramine. This peripheral effect could participate in the modulation of the male reproductive tract observed by these drugs when used in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Busch
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2142, Buenos Aires, 1122, Argentina
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47
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Goin JC, Sterin-Borda L, Bilder CR, Varrica LM, Iantorno G, Ríos MC, Borda E. Functional implications of circulating muscarinic cholinergic receptor autoantibodies in chagasic patients with achalasia. Gastroenterology 1999; 117:798-805. [PMID: 10500061 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(99)70337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Autoantibodies against M(2)-muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M(2) mAChR) have been reported in patients with chronic Chagas' disease who have cardiac dysautonomia. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of such antibodies in chronic chagasic and non-chagasic patients with esophageal achalasia and their ability to activate M(2) mAChR in the isolated esophagus. METHODS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies against a synthetic 24-mer peptide corresponding to the second extracellular loop of human M(2) mAChR. The effects of both total serum IgG and affinity-purified antipeptide antibodies on the contractile activity and adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) production in rat esophageal strips were also tested. RESULTS Circulating IgG antibodies from chagasic achalasia patients recognized the M(2)-peptide more often than those from non-chagasic achalasia patients (P < 0.0005) and normal subjects (P < 0.0001). A strong association between the existence of circulating anti-M(2) mAChR antibodies and the presence of achalasia in chagasic patients was found (P < 0.01). Both the total IgG fraction and anti-M(2)-peptide antibodies increased the basal tone, reduced the relaxant effect of isoproterenol, and decreased cAMP accumulation in esophageal strips, displaying a muscarinic agonist-like activity on M(2) mAChR. CONCLUSIONS Patients with chronic Chagas' disease have circulating autoantibodies against M(2) mAChR. These antibodies could be involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of chagasic achalasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Goin
- Pharmacological Units, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
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48
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Pauli M, Anesini C, Werner S, Borda E. Paradoxical role of PGE2 and cAMP in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitants strain Y4-induced lymphocyte proliferation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1999; 61:131-6. [PMID: 10509869 DOI: 10.1054/plef.1999.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An immune mechanism has been suggested in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitants (Aa) has been implicated as one of the etiological agents that induces the major immune response together with a dense infiltrate of inflammatory cells. But the exact role of these immune cells in periodontal disease has not yet been clarified. In this study the T lymphocyte (TL) proliferative response was evaluated after having being exposed to free cell supernatant (SN) from Aa. Aa SN increased TL proliferation. This mitogenic effect of Aa SN was attenuated by pretreating TL with indomethacin (INDO) or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) but not by polymyxin B. The inhibitory effect of INDO on cell proliferation was reversed by the addition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to the culture assay. Moreover, when immune cells were exposed to Aa SN they were able to generate PGE2 at the same time as intracellular levels of cAMP decreased. Both, PGE2 release and decrease accumulation of cAMP in TL were blunted by treated lymphocytes with INDO. In this paper we demonstrate that cell free SN from Aa induces a mitogenic effect on murine lymphocytes. The mechanism involves the host's immunecompetent cells and the release of PGE2 and appears not to be induced by capsular-like polysaccharide antigen. Results show a paradoxical mitogenic effect of Aa SN accompanied by increased generation of PGE2 and decreased production of cAMP by lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pauli
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires and CEFYBO-CONICET, Argentina
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49
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Abstract
Isolated congenital heart block may be associated with primary Sjögren syndrome. In this work we describe circulating antibodies in the sera of primary Sjögren syndrome patients that are able to interact with neonatal myocardium by activating muscarinic acetylcholine receptors of M1 subtype. We report on the presence of autoantibodies against the second extracellular loop of human M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in primary Sjögren syndrome mothers whose children have congenital heart block using a synthetic peptide in indirect immunofluorescence technique. Autoantibodies from primary Sjögren syndrome patients gave positive image on neonatal atria but not on adult atria slices. The synthetic M1 peptide selectively abrogated indirect immunofluorescence recognition. The primary Sjögren syndrome-immunoglobulin G also displayed an 'agonist like' activity modifying the intracellular events associated with muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation. The mechanism appears to occur secondarily to stimulation of phosphoinositides turnover via phospholipase C activation. This, in turn, triggers cascade reactions involving calcium/calmodulin and leads to activation of nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylate cyclase. All of these effects were selectively blunted by pirenzepine and neutralized by M1 synthetic peptide. These biological effects were not obtained using adult instead of neonatal rat atria and neither occurred with the sera of normal healthy women of childbearing age. It could be concluded that antibodies against neonatal M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor may be another serum factor to be considered in the pathophysiology of the development of congenital heart block associated with primary Sjögren syndrome mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Borda
- School of Dentistry and Medicine, University of Buenos Aires and CEFYBO-CONICET, Argentina
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50
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Sales ME, Español AJ, Sterin-Borda L, Borda E, de Bracco MM. Protein kinase C regulates NO-cGMP pathway in muscarinic receptor activation by HIV+-IgA. Int J Mol Med 1999; 3:633-7. [PMID: 10341295 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.3.6.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we demostrate that IgA purified from HIV infected patients recognizes a band with a molecular weight corresponding to radiolabelled ileal muscarinic acethylcholine receptors (mAChR) by immunoblotting. HIV+-IgA triggers the signals that are the consequence of mAChR stimulation in the intestine, regulating protein kinase C (PKC) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity as well as 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) formation. On the one hand PKC activation by HIV+-IgA induces NOS inhibition and as a consequence, low amounts of NO that could improve local immunosuppression in the intestine; on the other hand HIV+-IgA stimulates cGMP production which could potentiate ileal motility and loss of water/electrolytes involved in intestinal damage in AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Sales
- Instituto de Oncologia Angel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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