1
|
Area-Gomez E, Schon EA. Towards a Unitary Hypothesis of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1243-1275. [PMID: 38578892 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The "amyloid cascade" hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis invokes the accumulation in the brain of plaques (containing the amyloid-β protein precursor [AβPP] cleavage product amyloid-β [Aβ]) and tangles (containing hyperphosphorylated tau) as drivers of pathogenesis. However, the poor track record of clinical trials based on this hypothesis suggests that the accumulation of these peptides is not the only cause of AD. Here, an alternative hypothesis is proposed in which the AβPP cleavage product C99, not Aβ, is the main culprit, via its role as a regulator of cholesterol metabolism. C99, which is a cholesterol sensor, promotes the formation of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAM), a cholesterol-rich lipid raft-like subdomain of the ER that communicates, both physically and biochemically, with mitochondria. We propose that in early-onset AD (EOAD), MAM-localized C99 is elevated above normal levels, resulting in increased transport of cholesterol from the plasma membrane to membranes of intracellular organelles, such as ER/endosomes, thereby upregulating MAM function and driving pathology. By the same token, late-onset AD (LOAD) is triggered by any genetic variant that increases the accumulation of intracellular cholesterol that, in turn, boosts the levels of C99 and again upregulates MAM function. Thus, the functional cause of AD is upregulated MAM function that, in turn, causes the hallmark disease phenotypes, including the plaques and tangles. Accordingly, the MAM hypothesis invokes two key interrelated elements, C99 and cholesterol, that converge at the MAM to drive AD pathogenesis. From this perspective, AD is, at bottom, a lipid disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas", Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric A Schon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development>, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bedoya-Guzmán FA, Pacheco-Herrero M, Salomon-Cruz ID, Barrera-Sandoval AM, Gutierrez Vargas JA, Villamil-Ortiz JG, Villegas Lanau CA, Arias-Londoño JD, Area-Gomez E, Cardona Gomez GP. BACE1 and SCD1 are associated with neurodegeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1194203. [PMID: 37744400 PMCID: PMC10516302 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1194203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Proteolytic processing of amyloid protein precursor by β-site secretase enzyme (BACE1) is dependent on the cellular lipid composition and is affected by endomembrane trafficking in dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is responsible for the synthesis of fatty acid monounsaturation (MUFAs), whose accumulation is strongly associated with cognitive dysfunction. Methods In this study, we analyzed the relationship between BACE1 and SCD1 in vivo and in vitro neurodegenerative models and their association in familial AD (FAD), sporadic AD (SAD), and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) using microscopy, biochemical, and mass SPECT approach. Results Our findings showed that BACE1 and SCD1 immunoreactivities were increased and colocalized in astrocytes of the hippocampus in a rat model of global cerebral ischemia (2-VO). A synergistic effect of double BACE1/SCD1 silencing on the recovery of motor and cognitive functions was obtained. This neuroprotective regulation involved the segregation of phospholipids (PLs) associated with polyunsaturated fatty acids in the hippocampus, cerebrospinal fluid, and serum. The double silencing in the sham and ischemic groups was stronger in the serum, inducing an inverse ratio between total phosphatydilcholine (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), represented mainly by the reduction of PC 38:4 and PC 36:4 and an increase in LPC 16:0 and LPC 18:0. Furthermore, PC 38:4 and PC:36:4 levels augmented in pathological conditions in in vitro AD models. BACE1 and SCD1 increases were confirmed in the hippocampus of FAD, SAD, and CADASIL. Conclusion Therefore, the findings suggest a novel convergence of BACE-1 and SCD1 in neurodegeneration, related to pro-inflammatory phospholipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferley A. Bedoya-Guzmán
- Faculty of Medicine University of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area and Neurobank, Group of Neuroscience (GNA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mar Pacheco-Herrero
- Faculty of Medicine University of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area and Neurobank, Group of Neuroscience (GNA), Medellín, Colombia
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic
| | - Ivan Daniel Salomon-Cruz
- Faculty of Medicine University of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area and Neurobank, Group of Neuroscience (GNA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Angela Maria Barrera-Sandoval
- Faculty of Medicine University of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area and Neurobank, Group of Neuroscience (GNA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Johanna Andrea Gutierrez Vargas
- Faculty of Medicine University of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area and Neurobank, Group of Neuroscience (GNA), Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud del Adulto Mayor (GISAM), Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Javier Gustavo Villamil-Ortiz
- Faculty of Medicine University of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area and Neurobank, Group of Neuroscience (GNA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carlos Andres Villegas Lanau
- Faculty of Medicine University of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area and Neurobank, Group of Neuroscience (GNA), Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gloria Patricia Cardona Gomez
- Faculty of Medicine University of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area and Neurobank, Group of Neuroscience (GNA), Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Launay N, Ruiz M, Planas-Serra L, Verdura E, Rodríguez-Palmero A, Schlüter A, Goicoechea L, Guilera C, Casas J, Campelo F, Jouanguy E, Casanova JL, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Vazquez Cancela M, Gutiérrez-Solana LG, Casasnovas C, Area-Gomez E, Pujol A. RINT1 deficiency disrupts lipid metabolism and underlies a complex hereditary spastic paraplegia. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e162836. [PMID: 37463447 DOI: 10.1172/jci162836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rad50 interacting protein 1 (Rint1) is a key player in vesicular trafficking between the ER and Golgi apparatus. Biallelic variants in RINT1 cause infantile-onset episodic acute liver failure (ALF). Here, we describe 3 individuals from 2 unrelated families with novel biallelic RINT1 loss-of-function variants who presented with early onset spastic paraplegia, ataxia, optic nerve hypoplasia, and dysmorphic features, broadening the previously described phenotype. Our functional and lipidomic analyses provided evidence that pathogenic RINT1 variants induce defective lipid-droplet biogenesis and profound lipid abnormalities in fibroblasts and plasma that impact both neutral lipid and phospholipid metabolism, including decreased triglycerides and diglycerides, phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine ratios, and inhibited Lands cycle. Further, RINT1 mutations induced intracellular ROS production and reduced ATP synthesis, affecting mitochondria with membrane depolarization, aberrant cristae ultrastructure, and increased fission. Altogether, our results highlighted the pivotal role of RINT1 in lipid metabolism and mitochondria function, with a profound effect in central nervous system development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Launay
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ruiz
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Planas-Serra
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edgard Verdura
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustí Rodríguez-Palmero
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Neurology unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agatha Schlüter
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leire Goicoechea
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Guilera
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Departament de Química Biomèdica, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBEREHD, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades heoaticas y digestivas, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Odile Boespflug-Tanguy
- CRMR Leukofrance Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Robert Debré AP-HP, Paris, France
- UMR1141 Neurodiderot Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Luis González Gutiérrez-Solana
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Consulta de Neurodegenerativas, Sección de Neurología Pediátrica, Hospital, Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Casasnovas
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Agrawal RR, Larrea D, Xu Y, Shi L, Zirpoli H, Cummins LG, Emmanuele V, Song D, Yun TD, Macaluso FP, Min W, Kernie SG, Deckelbaum RJ, Area-Gomez E. Alzheimer's-Associated Upregulation of Mitochondria-Associated ER Membranes After Traumatic Brain Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:2219-2241. [PMID: 36571634 PMCID: PMC10287820 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) through mechanisms that remain incompletely characterized. Similar to AD, TBI models present with cellular metabolic alterations and modulated cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Specifically, AD and TBI tissues display increases in amyloid-β as well as its precursor, the APP C-terminal fragment of 99 a.a. (C99). Our recent data in cell models of AD indicate that C99, due to its affinity for cholesterol, induces the formation of transient lipid raft domains in the ER known as mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes ("MAM" domains). The formation of these domains recruits and activates specific lipid metabolic enzymes that regulate cellular cholesterol trafficking and sphingolipid turnover. Increased C99 levels in AD cell models promote MAM formation and significantly modulate cellular lipid homeostasis. Here, these phenotypes were recapitulated in the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI in adult mice. Specifically, the injured cortex and hippocampus displayed significant increases in C99 and MAM activity, as measured by phospholipid synthesis, sphingomyelinase activity and cholesterol turnover. In addition, our cell type-specific lipidomics analyses revealed significant changes in microglial lipid composition that are consistent with the observed alterations in MAM-resident enzymes. Altogether, we propose that alterations in the regulation of MAM and relevant lipid metabolic pathways could contribute to the epidemiological connection between TBI and AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishi R Agrawal
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St., Presbyterian Hospital 15E-1512, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Delfina Larrea
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 710 W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yimeng Xu
- Biomarkers Core Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W. 168th St., Presbyterian Hospital 10-105, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Lingyan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, Havemeyer Hall, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hylde Zirpoli
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St., Presbyterian Hospital 15E-1512, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Leslie G Cummins
- Analytical Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Valentina Emmanuele
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 710 W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Donghui Song
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, Havemeyer Hall, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Taekyung D Yun
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 710 W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Frank P Macaluso
- Analytical Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Wei Min
- Biomarkers Core Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W. 168th St., Presbyterian Hospital 10-105, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Steven G Kernie
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 710 W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W. 168th St., Presbyterian Hospital 17, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Richard J Deckelbaum
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St., Presbyterian Hospital 15E-1512, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W. 168th St., Presbyterian Hospital 17, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St., Presbyterian Hospital 15E-1512, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 710 W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas - CSIC, C. Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen J, Soni RK, Xu Y, Simoes S, Liang FX, DeFreitas L, Hwang R, Montesinos J, Lee JH, Area-Gomez E, Nandakumar R, Vardarajan B, Marquer C. Juvenile CLN3 disease is a lysosomal cholesterol storage disorder: similarities with Niemann-Pick type C disease. EBioMedicine 2023; 92:104628. [PMID: 37245481 PMCID: PMC10227369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is juvenile CLN3 disease (JNCL), a currently incurable neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the CLN3 gene. Based on our previous work and on the premise that CLN3 affects the trafficking of the cation-independent mannose-6 phosphate receptor and its ligand NPC2, we hypothesised that dysfunction of CLN3 leads to the aberrant accumulation of cholesterol in the late endosomes/lysosomes (LE/Lys) of JNCL patients' brains. METHODS An immunopurification strategy was used to isolate intact LE/Lys from frozen autopsy brain samples. LE/Lys isolated from samples of JNCL patients were compared with age-matched unaffected controls and Niemann-Pick Type C (NPC) disease patients. Indeed, mutations in NPC1 or NPC2 result in the accumulation of cholesterol in LE/Lys of NPC disease samples, thus providing a positive control. The lipid and protein content of LE/Lys was then analysed using lipidomics and proteomics, respectively. FINDINGS Lipid and protein profiles of LE/Lys isolated from JNCL patients were profoundly altered compared to controls. Importantly, cholesterol accumulated in LE/Lys of JNCL samples to a comparable extent than in NPC samples. Lipid profiles of LE/Lys were similar in JNCL and NPC patients, except for levels of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP). Protein profiles detected in LE/Lys of JNCL and NPC patients appeared identical, except for levels of NPC1. INTERPRETATION Our results support that JNCL is a lysosomal cholesterol storage disorder. Our findings also support that JNCL and NPC disease share pathogenic pathways leading to aberrant lysosomal accumulation of lipids and proteins, and thus suggest that the treatments available for NPC disease may be beneficial to JNCL patients. This work opens new avenues for further mechanistic studies in model systems of JNCL and possible therapeutic interventions for this disorder. FUNDING San Francisco Foundation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacinda Chen
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Soni
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yimeng Xu
- Biomarkers Core Laboratory, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sabrina Simoes
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Feng-Xia Liang
- Microscopy Core Laboratory of Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Laura DeFreitas
- Biomarkers Core Laboratory, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Robert Hwang
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jorge Montesinos
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joseph H Lee
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; G. H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Renu Nandakumar
- Biomarkers Core Laboratory, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Badri Vardarajan
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; G. H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Catherine Marquer
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bernal AF, Mota N, Pamplona R, Area-Gomez E, Portero-Otin M. Hakuna MAM-Tata: Investigating the role of mitochondrial-associated membranes in ALS. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166716. [PMID: 37044239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease leading to selective and progressive motor neuron (MN) death. Despite significant heterogeneity in pathogenic and clinical terms, MN demise ultimately unifies patients. Across the many disturbances in neuronal biology present in the disease and its models, two common trends are loss of calcium homeostasis and dysregulations in lipid metabolism. Since both mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are essential in these functions, their intertwin through the so-called mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAMs) should be relevant in this disease. In this review, we present a short overview of MAMs functional aspects and how its dysfunction could explain a substantial part of the cellular disarrangements in ALS's natural history. MAMs are hubs for lipid synthesis, integrating glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesteryl ester metabolism. These lipids are essential for membrane biology, so there should be a close coupling to cellular energy demands, a role that MAMs may partially fulfill. Not surprisingly, MAMs are also host part of calcium signaling to mitochondria, so their impairment could lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, affecting oxidative phosphorylation and enhancing the vulnerability of MNs. We present data supporting that MAMs' maladaptation could be essential to MNs' vulnerability in ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fernàndez Bernal
- Metabolic Pathophysiology Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Edifici Biomedicina I, Avda Rovira Roure 80, E25196 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Natàlia Mota
- Metabolic Pathophysiology Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Edifici Biomedicina I, Avda Rovira Roure 80, E25196 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Metabolic Pathophysiology Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Edifici Biomedicina I, Avda Rovira Roure 80, E25196 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas CSIC, C. Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Metabolic Pathophysiology Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Edifici Biomedicina I, Avda Rovira Roure 80, E25196 Lleida, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kumar A, Larrea D, Pero ME, Infante P, Conenna M, Shin GJE, Grueber WB, Di Marcotullio L, Area-Gomez E, Bartolini F. MFN2-dependent recruitment of ATAT1 coordinates mitochondria motility with alpha-tubulin acetylation and is disrupted in CMT2A. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.15.532838. [PMID: 36993604 PMCID: PMC10055074 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.15.532838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Acetylated microtubules play key roles in the regulation of mitochondria dynamics. It has however remained unknown if the machinery controlling mitochondria dynamics functionally interacts with the alpha-tubulin acetylation cycle. Mitofusin-2 (MFN2), a large GTPase residing in the mitochondrial outer membrane and mutated in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 disease (CMT2A), is a regulator of mitochondrial fusion, transport and tethering with the endoplasmic reticulum. The role of MFN2 in regulating mitochondrial transport has however remained elusive. Here we show that mitochondrial contacts with microtubules are sites of alpha-tubulin acetylation, which occurs through the MFN2-mediated recruitment of alpha-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (ATAT1). We discover that this activity is critical for MFN2-dependent regulation of mitochondria transport, and that axonal degeneration caused by CMT2A MFN2 associated mutations, R94W and T105M, may depend on the inability to release ATAT1 at sites of mitochondrial contacts with microtubules. Our findings reveal a function for mitochondria in regulating acetylated alpha-tubulin and suggest that disruption of the tubulin acetylation cycle play a pathogenic role in the onset of MFN2-dependent CMT2A.
Collapse
|
8
|
Miranda AM, Ashok A, Chan RB, Zhou B, Xu Y, McIntire LB, Area-Gomez E, Di Paolo G, Duff KE, Oliveira TG, Nuriel T. Effects of APOE4 allelic dosage on lipidomic signatures in the entorhinal cortex of aged mice. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:129. [PMID: 35351864 PMCID: PMC8964762 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) is the primary genetic risk factor for the late-onset form of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the reason for this association is not completely understood, researchers have uncovered numerous effects of APOE4 expression on AD-relevant brain processes, including amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, lipid metabolism, endosomal-lysosomal trafficking, and bioenergetics. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of APOE4 allelic dosage on regional brain lipid composition in aged mice, as well as in cultured neurons. We performed a targeted lipidomic analysis on an AD-vulnerable brain region (entorhinal cortex; EC) and an AD-resistant brain region (primary visual cortex; PVC) from 14-15 month-old APOE3/3, APOE3/4, and APOE4/4 targeted replacement mice, as well as on neurons cultured with conditioned media from APOE3/3 or APOE4/4 astrocytes. Our results reveal that the EC possesses increased susceptibility to APOE4-associated lipid alterations compared to the PVC. In the EC, APOE4 expression showed a dominant effect in decreasing diacylglycerol (DAG) levels, and a semi-dominant, additive effect in the upregulation of multiple ceramide, glycosylated sphingolipid, and bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate (BMP) species, lipids known to accumulate as a result of endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction. Neurons treated with conditioned media from APOE4/4 vs. APOE3/3 astrocytes showed similar alterations of DAG and BMP species to those observed in the mouse EC. Our results suggest that APOE4 expression differentially modulates regional neuronal lipid signatures, which may underlie the increased susceptibility of EC-localized neurons to AD pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Miguel Miranda
- grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal ,grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ,grid.418336.b0000 0000 8902 4519Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Imagiology, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova Gaia/Espinho, 4434-502 Vila Nova Gaia, Portugal
| | - Archana Ashok
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Robin Barry Chan
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Bowen Zhou
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Yimeng Xu
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Laura Beth McIntire
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Neurology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Gilbert Di Paolo
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA ,grid.491115.90000 0004 5912 9212Present Address: Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Karen E. Duff
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Tiago Gil Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal. .,Department of Neuroradiology, Hospital de Braga, 4710-243, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Tal Nuriel
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Çoku J, Booth DM, Skoda J, Pedrotty MC, Vogel J, Liu K, Vu A, Carpenter EL, Ye JC, Chen MA, Dunbar P, Scadden E, Yun TD, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Area-Gomez E, Li Y, Goldsmith KC, Reynolds CP, Hajnoczky G, Hogarty MD. Reduced ER-mitochondria connectivity promotes neuroblastoma multidrug resistance. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108272. [PMID: 35211994 PMCID: PMC9016347 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cancer deaths result from progression of therapy resistant disease, yet our understanding of this phenotype is limited. Cancer therapies generate stress signals that act upon mitochondria to initiate apoptosis. Mitochondria isolated from neuroblastoma cells were exposed to tBid or Bim, death effectors activated by therapeutic stress. Multidrug‐resistant tumor cells obtained from children at relapse had markedly attenuated Bak and Bax oligomerization and cytochrome c release (surrogates for apoptotic commitment) in comparison with patient‐matched tumor cells obtained at diagnosis. Electron microscopy identified reduced ER–mitochondria‐associated membranes (MAMs; ER–mitochondria contacts, ERMCs) in therapy‐resistant cells, and genetically or biochemically reducing MAMs in therapy‐sensitive tumors phenocopied resistance. MAMs serve as platforms to transfer Ca2+ and bioactive lipids to mitochondria. Reduced Ca2+ transfer was found in some but not all resistant cells, and inhibiting transfer did not attenuate apoptotic signaling. In contrast, reduced ceramide synthesis and transfer was common to resistant cells and its inhibition induced stress resistance. We identify ER–mitochondria‐associated membranes as physiologic regulators of apoptosis via ceramide transfer and uncover a previously unrecognized mechanism for cancer multidrug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorida Çoku
- Cancer Biology Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David M Booth
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jan Skoda
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Madison C Pedrotty
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Vogel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kangning Liu
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Annette Vu
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erica L Carpenter
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jamie C Ye
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michelle A Chen
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter Dunbar
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Scadden
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Taekyung D Yun
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eiko Nakamaru-Ogiso
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yimei Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly C Goldsmith
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Patrick Reynolds
- TTUHSC Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Gyorgy Hajnoczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael D Hogarty
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ibáñez F, Montesinos J, Area-Gomez E, Guerri C, Pascual M. Ethanol Induces Extracellular Vesicle Secretion by Altering Lipid Metabolism through the Mitochondria-Associated ER Membranes and Sphingomyelinases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168438. [PMID: 34445139 PMCID: PMC8395151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence pinpoints extracellular vesicles (EVs) as key players in intercellular communication. Given the importance of cholesterol and sphingomyelin in EV biology, and the relevance of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) in cholesterol/sphingomyelin homeostasis, we evaluated if MAMs and sphingomyelinases (SMases) could participate in ethanol-induced EV release. EVs were isolated from the extracellular medium of BV2 microglia treated or not with ethanol (50 and 100 mM). Radioactive metabolic tracers combined with thin layer chromatography were used as quantitative methods to assay phospholipid transfer, SMase activity and cholesterol uptake/esterification. Inhibitors of SMase (desipramine and GW4869) and MAM (cyclosporin A) activities were also utilized. Our data show that ethanol increases the secretion and inflammatory molecule concentration of EVs. Ethanol also upregulates MAM activity and alters lipid metabolism by increasing cholesterol uptake, cholesterol esterification and SMase activity in microglia. Notably, the inhibition of either SMase or MAM activity prevented the ethanol-induced increase in EV secretion. Collectively, these results strongly support a lipid-driven mechanism, specifically via SMases and MAM, to explain the effect of ethanol on EV secretion in glial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Ibáñez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (C.G.)
| | - Jorge Montesinos
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (M.P.); Tel.: +34-961-625-635 (M.P.); Fax: +34-963-864-642 (M.P.)
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Consuelo Guerri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (C.G.)
| | - María Pascual
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (C.G.)
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (M.P.); Tel.: +34-961-625-635 (M.P.); Fax: +34-963-864-642 (M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Avisar H, Guardia-Laguarta C, Area-Gomez E, Surface M, Chan AK, Alcalay RN, Lerner B. Lipidomics Prediction of Parkinson's Disease Severity: A Machine-Learning Analysis. J Parkinsons Dis 2021; 11:1141-1155. [PMID: 33814463 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the lipidome as a biomarker for Parkinson's disease (PD) is a relatively new field that currently only focuses on PD diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To identify a relevant lipidome signature for PD severity markers. METHODS Disease severity of 149 PD patients was assessed by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The lipid composition of whole blood samples was analyzed, consisting of 517 lipid species from 37 classes; these included all major classes of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, glycerolipids, and sterols. To handle the high number of lipids, the selection of lipid species and classes was consolidated via analysis of interrelations between lipidomics and disease severity prediction using the random forest machine-learning algorithm aided by conventional statistical methods. RESULTS Specific lipid classes dihydrosphingomyelin (dhSM), plasmalogen phosphatidylethanolamine (PEp), glucosylceramide (GlcCer), dihydro globotriaosylceramide (dhGB3), and to a lesser degree dihydro GM3 ganglioside (dhGM3), as well as species dhSM(20:0), PEp(38:6), PEp(42:7), GlcCer(16:0), GlcCer(24:1), dhGM3(22:0), dhGM3(16:0), and dhGB3(16:0) contribute to PD severity prediction of UPDRS III score. These, together with age, age at onset, and disease duration, also contribute to prediction of UPDRS total score. We demonstrate that certain lipid classes and species interrelate differently with the degree of severity of motor symptoms between men and women, and that predicting intermediate disease stages is more accurate than predicting less or more severe stages. CONCLUSION Using machine-learning algorithms and methodologies, we identified lipid signatures that enable prediction of motor severity in PD. Future studies should focus on identifying the biological mechanisms linking GlcCer, dhGB3, dhSM, and PEp with PD severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hila Avisar
- Department of Industrial Engineering & Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | | | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Surface
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda K Chan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boaz Lerner
- Department of Industrial Engineering & Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pascual-Caro C, Orantos-Aguilera Y, Sanchez-Lopez I, de Juan-Sanz J, Parys JB, Area-Gomez E, Pozo-Guisado E, Martin-Romero FJ. STIM1 Deficiency Leads to Specific Down-Regulation of ITPR3 in SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186598. [PMID: 32916960 PMCID: PMC7555297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
STIM1 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein that modulates the activity of a number of Ca2+ transport systems. By direct physical interaction with ORAI1, a plasma membrane Ca2+ channel, STIM1 activates the ICRAC current, whereas the binding with the voltage-operated Ca2+ channel CaV1.2 inhibits the current through this latter channel. In this way, STIM1 is a key regulator of Ca2+ signaling in excitable and non-excitable cells, and altered STIM1 levels have been reported to underlie several pathologies, including immunodeficiency, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. In both sporadic and familial Alzheimer’s disease, a decrease of STIM1 protein levels accounts for the alteration of Ca2+ handling that compromises neuronal cell viability. Using SH-SY5Y cells edited by CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout STIM1 gene expression, this work evaluated the molecular mechanisms underlying the cell death triggered by the deficiency of STIM1, demonstrating that STIM1 is a positive regulator of ITPR3 gene expression. ITPR3 (or IP3R3) is a Ca2+ channel enriched at ER-mitochondria contact sites where it provides Ca2+ for transport into the mitochondria. Thus, STIM1 deficiency leads to a strong reduction of ITPR3 transcript and ITPR3 protein levels, a consequent decrease of the mitochondria free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]mit), reduction of mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate, and decrease in ATP synthesis rate. All these values were normalized by ectopic expression of ITPR3 in STIM1-KO cells, providing strong evidence for a new mode of regulation of [Ca2+]mit mediated by the STIM1-ITPR3 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pascual-Caro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Pathology and Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (C.P.-C.); (Y.O.-A.); (I.S.-L.)
| | - Yolanda Orantos-Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Pathology and Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (C.P.-C.); (Y.O.-A.); (I.S.-L.)
| | - Irene Sanchez-Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Pathology and Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (C.P.-C.); (Y.O.-A.); (I.S.-L.)
| | - Jaime de Juan-Sanz
- Sorbonne Universités and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM) - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Inserm, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Jan B. Parys
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032-3748, USA;
| | - Eulalia Pozo-Guisado
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Institute of Molecular Pathology and Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Francisco Javier Martin-Romero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Pathology and Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (C.P.-C.); (Y.O.-A.); (I.S.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-924-489-971
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Agrawal RR, Montesinos J, Larrea D, Area-Gomez E, Pera M. The silence of the fats: A MAM's story about Alzheimer. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105062. [PMID: 32866617 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of contact sites was a breakthrough in cell biology. We have learned that an organelle cannot function in isolation, and that many cellular functions depend on communication between two or more organelles. One such contact site results from the close apposition of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, known as mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). These intracellular lipid rafts serve as hubs for the regulation of cellular lipid and calcium homeostasis, and a growing body of evidence indicates that MAM domains modulate cellular function in both health and disease. Indeed, MAM dysfunction has been described as a key event in Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis. Our most recent work shows that, by means of its affinity for cholesterol, APP-C99 accumulates in MAM domains of the ER and induces the uptake of extracellular cholesterol as well as its trafficking from the plasma membrane to the ER. As a result, MAM functionality becomes chronically upregulated while undergoing continual turnover. The goal of this review is to discuss the consequences of C99 elevation in AD, specifically the upregulation of cholesterol trafficking and MAM activity, which abrogate cellular lipid homeostasis and disrupt the lipid composition of cellular membranes. Overall, we present a novel framework for AD pathogenesis that can be linked to the many complex alterations that occur during disease progression, and that may open a door to new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishi R Agrawal
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jorge Montesinos
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Delfina Larrea
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Marta Pera
- Departament of Basic Sciences, Facultat de Medicina I Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pera M, Montesinos J, Larrea D, Agrawal RR, Velasco KR, Stavrovskaya IG, Yun TD, Area-Gomez E. MAM and C99, key players in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Int Rev Neurobiol 2020; 154:235-278. [PMID: 32739006 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inter-organelle communication is a rapidly-expanding field that has transformed our understanding of cell biology and pathology. Organelle-organelle contact sites can generate transient functional domains that act as enzymatic hubs involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism and intracellular signaling. One of these hubs is located in areas of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) connected to mitochondria, called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAM). These MAM are transient lipid rafts intimately involved in cholesterol and phospholipid metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial function and dynamics. In addition, γ-secretase-mediated proteolysis of the amyloid precursor protein 99-aa C-terminal fragment (C99) to form amyloid β also occurs at the MAM. Our most recent data indicates that in Alzheimer's disease, increases in uncleaved C99 levels at the MAM provoke the upregulation of MAM-resident functions, resulting in the loss of lipid homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we discuss the relevance of these findings in the field, and the contribution of C99 and MAM dysfunction to Alzheimer's disease neuropathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pera
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jorge Montesinos
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Delfina Larrea
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rishi R Agrawal
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kevin R Velasco
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Irina G Stavrovskaya
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Taekyung D Yun
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Carter SD, Hampton CM, Langlois R, Melero R, Farino ZJ, Calderon MJ, Li W, Wallace CT, Tran NH, Grassucci RA, Siegmund SE, Pemberton J, Morgenstern TJ, Eisenman L, Aguilar JI, Greenberg NL, Levy ES, Yi E, Mitchell WG, Rice WJ, Wigge C, Pilli J, George EW, Aslanoglou D, Courel M, Freyberg RJ, Javitch JA, Wills ZP, Area-Gomez E, Shiva S, Bartolini F, Volchuk A, Murray SA, Aridor M, Fish KN, Walter P, Balla T, Fass D, Wolf SG, Watkins SC, Carazo JM, Jensen GJ, Frank J, Freyberg Z. Ribosome-associated vesicles: A dynamic subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in secretory cells. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaay9572. [PMID: 32270040 PMCID: PMC7112762 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay9572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a highly dynamic network of membranes. Here, we combine live-cell microscopy with in situ cryo-electron tomography to directly visualize ER dynamics in several secretory cell types including pancreatic β-cells and neurons under near-native conditions. Using these imaging approaches, we identify a novel, mobile form of ER, ribosome-associated vesicles (RAVs), found primarily in the cell periphery, which is conserved across different cell types and species. We show that RAVs exist as distinct, highly dynamic structures separate from the intact ER reticular architecture that interact with mitochondria via direct intermembrane contacts. These findings describe a new ER subcompartment within cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D. Carter
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Cheri M. Hampton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Robert Langlois
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Roberto Melero
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología–CSIC, Darwin 3, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Zachary J. Farino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael J. Calderon
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Callen T. Wallace
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ngoc Han Tran
- HHMI, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Robert A. Grassucci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stephanie E. Siegmund
- Department of Cellular, Molecular and Biophysical Studies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joshua Pemberton
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Travis J. Morgenstern
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Leanna Eisenman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jenny I. Aguilar
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nili L. Greenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elana S. Levy
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Edward Yi
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - William G. Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | - Jyotsna Pilli
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Emily W. George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Despoina Aslanoglou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Maïté Courel
- CNRS-UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Université Pierre & Marie Curie, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Robin J. Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Javitch
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zachary P. Wills
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Francesca Bartolini
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Allen Volchuk
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra A. Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Meir Aridor
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kenneth N. Fish
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Peter Walter
- HHMI, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Deborah Fass
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sharon G. Wolf
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Simon C. Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - José María Carazo
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología–CSIC, Darwin 3, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Grant J. Jensen
- HHMI, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Joachim Frank
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this brief review is to gain an understanding on the multiple roles that lipids exert on the brain, and to highlight new ideas in the impact of lipid homeostasis in the regulation of synaptic transmission. RECENT FINDINGS Recent data underline the crucial function of lipid homeostasis in maintaining neuronal function and synaptic plasticity. Moreover, new advances in analytical approaches to study lipid classes and species is opening a new door to understand and monitor how alterations in lipid pathways could shed new light into the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. SUMMARY Lipids are one of the most essential elements of the brain. However, our understanding of the role of lipids within the central nervous system is still largely unknown. Identifying the molecular mechanism (s) by which lipids can regulate neuronal transmission represents the next frontier in neuroscience, and a new challenge in our understanding of the brain and the mechanism(s) behind neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Montesinos
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Organelles within cells are interconnected by physical associations or contact sites. In the last decade, many reports have shown that these interactions are functional domains that maintain cellular homeostasis. One of the best studied interactions is between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria via mitochondria-associated membranes or MAMs. MAMs are lipid rafts in the ER in close apposition to mitochondria, where multiple enzymatic activities converge to coordinately regulate cellular functions such as: the import of phosphatidylserine into mitochondria from the ER for decarboxylation to phosphatidylethanolamine, cholesterol esterification, calcium signaling, mitochondrial shape and motility, autophagy and apoptosis. In this chapter, we describe and discuss some of the methods to isolate and assay this interesting cellular region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Montesinos
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Agudelo CW, Kumley BK, Area-Gomez E, Xu Y, Dabo AJ, Geraghty P, Campos M, Foronjy R, Garcia-Arcos I. Decreased surfactant lipids correlate with lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228279. [PMID: 32027677 PMCID: PMC7004328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoke exposure is known to decrease total pulmonary surfactant and alter its composition, but the role of surfactant in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unknown. We aimed to analyze the compositional changes in the surfactant lipidome in COPD and identify specific lipids associated with pulmonary function decline. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was obtained from 12 former smokers with COPD and 5 non-smoking, non-asthmatic healthy control volunteers. Lipids were extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Pulmonary function data were obtained by spirometry, and correlations of lung function with lipid species were determined. Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 6 months of second-hand smoke in a full-body chamber. Surfactant lipids were decreased by 60% in subjects with COPD. All phospholipid classes were dramatically decreased, including ether phospholipids, which have not been studied in pulmonary surfactant. Availability of phospholipid, cholesterol, and sphingomyelin in BAL strongly correlated with pulmonary function and this was attributable to specific lipid species of phosphatidylcholine with surface tension reducing properties, and of phosphatidylglycerol with antimicrobial roles, as well as to other less studied lipid species. Mice exposed to smoke for six months recapitulated surfactant lipidomic changes observed in human subjects with COPD. In summary, we show that the surfactant lipidome is substantially altered in subjects with COPD, and decreased availability of phospholipids correlated with decreased pulmonary function. Further investigation of surfactant alterations in COPD would improve our understanding of its physiopathology and reveal new potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina W. Agudelo
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Britta K. Kumley
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yimeng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Abdoulaye J. Dabo
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Campos
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Robert Foronjy
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Itsaso Garcia-Arcos
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Larrea D, Pera M, Gonnelli A, Quintana-Cabrera R, Akman HO, Guardia-Laguarta C, Velasco KR, Area-Gomez E, Dal Bello F, De Stefani D, Horvath R, Shy ME, Schon EA, Giacomello M. MFN2 mutations in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease alter mitochondria-associated ER membrane function but do not impair bioenergetics. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:1782-1800. [PMID: 30649465 PMCID: PMC6522073 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) type 2A is a form of peripheral neuropathy, due almost exclusively to dominant mutations in the nuclear gene encoding the mitochondrial protein mitofusin-2 (MFN2). However, there is no understanding of the relationship of clinical phenotype to genotype. MFN2 has two functions: it promotes inter-mitochondrial fusion and mediates endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial tethering at mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAM). MAM regulates a number of key cellular functions, including lipid and calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial behavior. To date, no studies have been performed to address whether mutations in MFN2 in CMT2A patient cells affect MAM function, which might provide insight into pathogenesis. Using fibroblasts from three CMT2AMFN2 patients with different mutations in MFN2, we found that some, but not all, examined aspects of ER-mitochondrial connectivity and of MAM function were indeed altered, and correlated with disease severity. Notably, however, respiratory chain function in those cells was unimpaired. Our results suggest that CMT2AMFN2 is a MAM-related disorder but is not a respiratory chain-deficiency disease. The alterations in MAM function described here could also provide insight into the pathogenesis of other forms of CMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delfina Larrea
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marta Pera
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - H Orhan Akman
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kevin R Velasco
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Rita Horvath
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael E Shy
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Eric A Schon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Mitochondria and their associated membranes actively participate in biosynthesis, trafficking, and degradation of cellular phospholipids. Two crucial lipid biosynthetic activities of mitochondria include (i) the decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine to phosphatidylethanolamine and (ii) the de novo synthesis of cardiolipin. Here we describe protocols to measure these two activities, applying isotope-labeled or exogenous substrates in combination with thin-layer chromatography or mass spectrometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Montesinos
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael Schlame
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Area-Gomez E. Mitochondria in alzheimer’s disease. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
22
|
Kalliora C, Kyriazis ID, Oka SI, Lieu MJ, Yue Y, Area-Gomez E, Pol CJ, Tian Y, Mizushima W, Chin A, Scerbo D, Schulze PC, Civelek M, Sadoshima J, Madesh M, Goldberg IJ, Drosatos K. Dual peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-α/γ activation inhibits SIRT1-PGC1α axis and causes cardiac dysfunction. JCI Insight 2019; 5:129556. [PMID: 31393858 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α/γ agonists that were developed to target hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients, caused cardiac dysfunction or other adverse effects. We studied the mechanisms that underlie the cardiotoxic effects of a dual PPARα/γ agonist, tesaglitazar, in wild type and diabetic (leptin receptor deficient - db/db) mice. Mice treated with tesaglitazar-containing chow or high fat diet developed cardiac dysfunction despite lower plasma triglycerides and glucose levels. Expression of cardiac peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), which promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, had the most profound reduction among various fatty acid metabolism genes. Furthermore, we observed increased acetylation of PGC1α, which suggests PGC1α inhibition and lowered sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression. This change was associated with lower mitochondrial abundance. Combined pharmacological activation of PPARα and PPARγ in C57BL/6 mice reproduced the reduction of PGC1α expression and mitochondrial abundance. Resveratrol-mediated SIRT1 activation attenuated tesaglitazar-induced cardiac dysfunction and corrected myocardial mitochondrial respiration in C57BL/6 and diabetic mice but not in cardiomyocyte-specific Sirt1-/- mice. Our data shows that drugs, which activate both PPARα and PPARγ lead to cardiac dysfunction associated with PGC1α suppression and lower mitochondrial abundance likely due to competition between these two transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charikleia Kalliora
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, Greece
| | - Ioannis D Kyriazis
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shin-Ichi Oka
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Melissa J Lieu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yujia Yue
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christine J Pol
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ying Tian
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wataru Mizushima
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Adave Chin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Diego Scerbo
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,NYU Langone School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York, New York, USA
| | - P Christian Schulze
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Medical Care and Pneumology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Mete Civelek
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- NYU Langone School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York, New York, USA
| | - Konstantinos Drosatos
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Arain HA, Figueroa HY, Area-Gomez E, Duff KE, Nuriel T. P3-175: APOE4
INDUCES REGION-SPECIFIC DYSFUNCTION IN THE ENTORHINAL CORTEX OF AGED APOE4
MICE. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.3204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirra A. Arain
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease; New York NY USA
- Columbia University Medical Center; New York NY USA
| | - Helen Y. Figueroa
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease; New York NY USA
- Columbia University Medical Center; New York NY USA
| | | | - Karen E. Duff
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease; New York NY USA
- Columbia University Medical Center; New York NY USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute; New York NY USA
| | - Tal Nuriel
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease; New York NY USA
- Columbia University Medical Center; New York NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Area-Gomez E, Guardia-Laguarta C, Schon EA, Przedborski S. Mitochondria, OxPhos, and neurodegeneration: cells are not just running out of gas. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:34-45. [PMID: 30601141 DOI: 10.1172/jci120848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory deficiencies have been observed in numerous neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. For decades, these reductions in oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) have been presumed to trigger an overall bioenergetic crisis in the neuron, resulting in cell death. While the connection between respiratory defects and neuronal death has never been proven, this hypothesis has been supported by the detection of nonspecific mitochondrial DNA mutations in these disorders. These findings led to the notion that mitochondrial respiratory defects could be initiators of these common neurodegenerative disorders, instead of being consequences of a prior insult, a theory we believe to be misconstrued. Herein, we review the roots of this mitochondrial hypothesis and offer a new perspective wherein mitochondria are analyzed not only from the OxPhos point of view, but also as a complex organelle residing at the epicenter of many metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric A Schon
- Department of Neurology.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Van Alstyne M, Lotti F, Dal Mas A, Area-Gomez E, Pellizzoni L. Stasimon/Tmem41b localizes to mitochondria-associated ER membranes and is essential for mouse embryonic development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:463-470. [PMID: 30352685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Stasimon (also known as Tmem41b) is an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein first identified for its contribution to motor system dysfunction in animal models of the childhood neurodegenerative disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Stasimon was shown to be required for normal neurotransmission in the motor circuit of Drosophila larvae and proper development of motor axons in zebrafish embryos as well as to suppress analogous neuronal phenotypes in SMA models of these organisms. However, the subcellular localization and molecular functions of Stasimon are poorly understood. Here, we combined immunoprecipitation with mass spectrometry to characterize the Stasimon interactome in mammalian cells, which reveals association with components of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and the COPI vesicle trafficking machinery. Expanding on the interaction results, we used subcellular fractionation studies and super-resolution microscopy to identify Stasimon as an ER-resident protein that localizes at mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAM), functionally specialized contact sites between ER and mitochondria membranes. Lastly, through characterization of novel knockout mice, we show that Stasimon is an essential gene for mouse embryonic development. Together, these findings identify Stasimon as a novel transmembrane protein component of the MAM with an essential requirement for mammalian development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan Van Alstyne
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Francesco Lotti
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Andrea Dal Mas
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Livio Pellizzoni
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kleiner G, Barca E, Ziosi M, Emmanuele V, Xu Y, Hidalgo-Gutierrez A, Qiao C, Tadesse S, Area-Gomez E, Lopez LC, Quinzii CM. CoQ 10 supplementation rescues nephrotic syndrome through normalization of H 2S oxidation pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3708-3722. [PMID: 30251690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS), a frequent chronic kidney disease in children and young adults, is the most common phenotype associated with primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency and is very responsive to CoQ10 supplementation, although the pathomechanism is not clear. Here, using a mouse model of CoQ deficiency-associated NS, we show that long-term oral CoQ10 supplementation prevents kidney failure by rescuing defects of sulfides oxidation and ameliorating oxidative stress, despite only incomplete normalization of kidney CoQ levels and lack of rescue of CoQ-dependent respiratory enzymes activities. Liver and kidney lipidomics, and urine metabolomics analyses, did not show CoQ metabolites. To further demonstrate that sulfides metabolism defects cause oxidative stress in CoQ deficiency, we show that silencing of sulfide quinone oxido-reductase (SQOR) in wild-type HeLa cells leads to similar increases of reactive oxygen species (ROS) observed in HeLa cells depleted of the CoQ biosynthesis regulatory protein COQ8A. While CoQ10 supplementation of COQ8A depleted cells decreases ROS and increases SQOR protein levels, knock-down of SQOR prevents CoQ10 antioxidant effects. We conclude that kidney failure in CoQ deficiency-associated NS is caused by oxidative stress mediated by impaired sulfides oxidation and propose that CoQ supplementation does not significantly increase the kidney pool of CoQ bound to the respiratory supercomplexes, but rather enhances the free pool of CoQ, which stabilizes SQOR protein levels rescuing oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Kleiner
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emanuele Barca
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marcello Ziosi
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Valentina Emmanuele
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yimeng Xu
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Changhong Qiao
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Saba Tadesse
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Luis C Lopez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Catarina M Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Peralta S, Goffart S, Williams SL, Diaz F, Garcia S, Nissanka N, Area-Gomez E, Pohjoismäki J, Moraes CT. ATAD3 controls mitochondrial cristae structure in mouse muscle, influencing mtDNA replication and cholesterol levels. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs217075. [PMID: 29898916 PMCID: PMC6051345 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.217075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the mitochondrial inner membrane ATPase ATAD3A result in neurological syndromes in humans. In mice, the ubiquitous disruption of Atad3 (also known as Atad3a) was embryonic lethal, but a skeletal muscle-specific conditional knockout (KO) was viable. At birth, ATAD3 muscle KO mice had normal weight, but from 2 months onwards they showed progressive motor-impaired coordination and weakness. Loss of ATAD3 caused early and severe mitochondrial structural abnormalities, mitochondrial proliferation and muscle atrophy. There was dramatic reduction in mitochondrial cristae junctions and overall cristae morphology. The lack of mitochondrial cristae was accompanied by a reduction in high molecular weight mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complexes, and to a lesser extent in OPA1. Moreover, muscles lacking ATAD3 showed altered cholesterol metabolism, accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication intermediates, progressive mtDNA depletion and deletions. Unexpectedly, decreases in the levels of some OXPHOS components occurred after cristae destabilization, indicating that ATAD3 is not crucial for mitochondrial translation, as previously suggested. Our results show a critical early role of ATAD3 in regulating mitochondrial inner membrane structure, leading to secondary defects in mtDNA replication and complex V and cholesterol levels in postmitotic tissue.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Peralta
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Steffi Goffart
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu 80101, Finland
| | - Sion L Williams
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Francisca Diaz
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sofia Garcia
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Nadee Nissanka
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jaakko Pohjoismäki
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu 80101, Finland
| | - Carlos T Moraes
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kraakman MJ, Liu Q, Postigo-Fernandez J, Ji R, Kon N, Larrea D, Namwanje M, Fan L, Chan M, Area-Gomez E, Fu W, Creusot RJ, Qiang L. PPARγ deacetylation dissociates thiazolidinedione's metabolic benefits from its adverse effects. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2600-2612. [PMID: 29589839 DOI: 10.1172/jci98709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are PPARγ agonists with potent insulin-sensitizing effects. However, their use has been curtailed by substantial adverse effects on weight, bone, heart, and hemodynamic balance. TZDs induce the deacetylation of PPARγ on K268 and K293 to cause the browning of white adipocytes. Here, we show that targeted PPARγ mutations resulting in constitutive deacetylation (K268R/K293R, 2KR) increased energy expenditure and protected from visceral adiposity and diet-induced obesity by augmenting brown remodeling of white adipose tissues. Strikingly, when 2KR mice were treated with rosiglitazone, they maintained the insulin-sensitizing, glucose-lowering response to TZDs, while displaying little, if any, adverse effects on fat deposition, bone density, fluid retention, and cardiac hypertrophy. Thus, deacetylation appears to fulfill the goal of dissociating the metabolic benefits of PPARγ activation from its adverse effects. Strategies to leverage PPARγ deacetylation may lead to the design of safer, more effective agonists of this nuclear receptor in the treatment of metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiongming Liu
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology
| | - Jorge Postigo-Fernandez
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center.,Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology
| | - Ruiping Ji
- Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology
| | - Ning Kon
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Department of Pathology, and
| | - Delfina Larrea
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria Namwanje
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology
| | - Lihong Fan
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Michelle Chan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University New York, New York, USA
| | - Wenxian Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Remi J Creusot
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center.,Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology
| | - Li Qiang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pera M, Larrea D, Guardia-Laguarta C, Montesinos J, Velasco KR, Agrawal RR, Xu Y, Chan RB, Di Paolo G, Mehler MF, Perumal GS, Macaluso FP, Freyberg ZZ, Acin-Perez R, Enriquez JA, Schon EA, Area-Gomez E. Increased localization of APP-C99 in mitochondria-associated ER membranes causes mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer disease. EMBO J 2017; 36:3356-3371. [PMID: 29018038 PMCID: PMC5731665 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201796797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the amyloidogenic pathway associated with Alzheimer disease (AD), the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is cleaved by β‐secretase to generate a 99‐aa C‐terminal fragment (C99) that is then cleaved by γ‐secretase to generate the β‐amyloid (Aβ) found in senile plaques. In previous reports, we and others have shown that γ‐secretase activity is enriched in mitochondria‐associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAM) and that ER–mitochondrial connectivity and MAM function are upregulated in AD. We now show that C99, in addition to its localization in endosomes, can also be found in MAM, where it is normally processed rapidly by γ‐secretase. In cell models of AD, however, the concentration of unprocessed C99 increases in MAM regions, resulting in elevated sphingolipid turnover and an altered lipid composition of both MAM and mitochondrial membranes. In turn, this change in mitochondrial membrane composition interferes with the proper assembly and activity of mitochondrial respiratory supercomplexes, thereby likely contributing to the bioenergetic defects characteristic of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pera
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Delfina Larrea
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jorge Montesinos
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin R Velasco
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rishi R Agrawal
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Medical Campus, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yimeng Xu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robin B Chan
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gilbert Di Paolo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark F Mehler
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Perumal
- Analytical Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Frank P Macaluso
- Analytical Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Zachary Z Freyberg
- Departments of Psychiatry and Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rebeca Acin-Perez
- Cardiovascular Metabolism Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Enriquez
- Cardiovascular Metabolism Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric A Schon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is currently unclear and is the subject of much debate. The most widely accepted hypothesis designed to explain AD pathogenesis is the amyloid cascade, which invokes the accumulation of extracellular plaques and intracellular tangles as playing a fundamental role in the course and progression of the disease. However, besides plaques and tangles, other biochemical and morphological features are also present in AD, often manifesting early in the course of the disease before the accumulation of plaques and tangles. These include altered calcium, cholesterol, and phospholipid metabolism; altered mitochondrial dynamics; and reduced bioenergetic function. Notably, these other features of AD are associated with functions localized to a subdomain of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), known as mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). The MAM region of the ER is a lipid raft-like domain closely apposed to mitochondria in such a way that the 2 organelles are able to communicate with each other, both physically and biochemically, thereby facilitating the functions of this region. We have found that MAM-localized functions are increased significantly in cellular and animal models of AD and in cells from patients with AD in a manner consistent with the biochemical findings noted above. Based on these and other observations, we propose that increased ER-mitochondrial apposition and perturbed MAM function lie at the heart of AD pathogenesis.-Area-Gomez, E., Schon, E. A. On the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: the MAM hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; and
| | - Eric A Schon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; and.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tambini MD, Pera M, Kanter E, Yang H, Guardia-Laguarta C, Holtzman D, Sulzer D, Area-Gomez E, Schon EA. ApoE4 upregulates the activity of mitochondria-associated ER membranes. EMBO Rep 2015; 17:27-36. [PMID: 26564908 PMCID: PMC4718413 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201540614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the appearance of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by aberrant lipid metabolism and early mitochondrial dysfunction. We recently showed that there was increased functionality of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAM), a subdomain of the ER involved in lipid and cholesterol homeostasis, in presenilin-deficient cells and in fibroblasts from familial and sporadic AD patients. Individuals carrying the ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (ApoE4) are at increased risk for developing AD compared to those carrying ApoE3. While the reason for this increased risk is unknown, we hypothesized that it might be associated with elevated MAM function. Using an astrocyte-conditioned media (ACM) model, we now show that ER-mitochondrial communication and MAM function-as measured by the synthesis of phospholipids and of cholesteryl esters, respectively-are increased significantly in cells treated with ApoE4-containing ACM as compared to those treated with ApoE3-containing ACM. Notably, this effect was seen with lipoprotein-enriched preparations, but not with lipid-free ApoE protein. These data are consistent with a role of upregulated MAM function in the pathogenesis of AD and may help explain, in part, the contribution of ApoE4 as a risk factor in the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc D Tambini
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marta Pera
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ellen Kanter
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - David Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric A Schon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gulati S, Balderes D, Kim C, Guo ZA, Wilcox L, Area-Gomez E, Snider J, Wolinski H, Stagljar I, Granato JT, Ruggles KV, DeGiorgis JA, Kohlwein SD, Schon EA, Sturley SL. ATP-binding cassette transporters and sterol O-acyltransferases interact at membrane microdomains to modulate sterol uptake and esterification. FASEB J 2015. [PMID: 26220175 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-264796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A key component of eukaryotic lipid homeostasis is the esterification of sterols with fatty acids by sterol O-acyltransferases (SOATs). The esterification reactions are allosterically activated by their sterol substrates, the majority of which accumulate at the plasma membrane. We demonstrate that in yeast, sterol transport from the plasma membrane to the site of esterification is associated with the physical interaction of the major SOAT, acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT)-related enzyme (Are)2p, with 2 plasma membrane ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters: Aus1p and Pdr11p. Are2p, Aus1p, and Pdr11p, unlike the minor acyltransferase, Are1p, colocalize to sterol and sphingolipid-enriched, detergent-resistant microdomains (DRMs). Deletion of either ABC transporter results in Are2p relocalization to detergent-soluble membrane domains and a significant decrease (53-36%) in esterification of exogenous sterol. Similarly, in murine tissues, the SOAT1/Acat1 enzyme and activity localize to DRMs. This subcellular localization is diminished upon deletion of murine ABC transporters, such as Abcg1, which itself is DRM associated. We propose that the close proximity of sterol esterification and transport proteins to each other combined with their residence in lipid-enriched membrane microdomains facilitates rapid, high-capacity sterol transport and esterification, obviating any requirement for soluble intermediary proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gulati
- *Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Neurology, **Department of Genetics and Development, and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; and Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dina Balderes
- *Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Neurology, **Department of Genetics and Development, and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; and Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine Kim
- *Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Neurology, **Department of Genetics and Development, and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; and Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhongmin A Guo
- *Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Neurology, **Department of Genetics and Development, and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; and Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa Wilcox
- *Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Neurology, **Department of Genetics and Development, and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; and Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- *Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Neurology, **Department of Genetics and Development, and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; and Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jamie Snider
- *Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Neurology, **Department of Genetics and Development, and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; and Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- *Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Neurology, **Department of Genetics and Development, and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; and Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Igor Stagljar
- *Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Neurology, **Department of Genetics and Development, and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; and Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juliana T Granato
- *Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Neurology, **Department of Genetics and Development, and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; and Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kelly V Ruggles
- *Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Neurology, **Department of Genetics and Development, and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; and Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph A DeGiorgis
- *Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Neurology, **Department of Genetics and Development, and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; and Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sepp D Kohlwein
- *Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Neurology, **Department of Genetics and Development, and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; and Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric A Schon
- *Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Neurology, **Department of Genetics and Development, and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; and Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen L Sturley
- *Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Neurology, **Department of Genetics and Development, and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; and Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Guardia-Laguarta C, Area-Gomez E, Schon EA, Przedborski S. A new role for α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease: Alteration of ER-mitochondrial communication. Mov Disord 2015; 30:1026-33. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology; Columbia University Medical Center; New York NY USA
| | - Eric A. Schon
- Department of Neurology; Columbia University Medical Center; New York NY USA
- Department of Genetics and Development; Columbia University Medical Center; New York NY USA
| | - Serge Przedborski
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology; Columbia University Medical Center; New York NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Guardia-Laguarta C, Area-Gomez E, Schon EA, Przedborski S. Novel subcellular localization for α-synuclein: possible functional consequences. Front Neuroanat 2015; 9:17. [PMID: 25755636 PMCID: PMC4337379 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
α-synuclein (α-syn) is one of the genes that when mutated or overexpressed causes Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Initially, it was described as a synaptic terminal protein and later was found to be localized at mitochondria. Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM) have emerged as a central endoplasmic reticulum (ER) subcellular compartments where key functions of the cell occur. These domains, enriched in cholesterol and anionic phospholipids, are where calcium homeostasis, lipid transfer, and cholesterol metabolism are regulated. Some proteins, related to mitochondrial dynamics and function, are also localized to this area. Several neurodegenerative diseases have shown alterations in MAM functions and resident proteins, including Charcot Marie-Tooth and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We have recently reported that MAM function is downregulated in cell and mouse models of PD expressing pathogenic mutations of α-syn. This review focuses on the possible role of α-syn in these cellular domains and the early pathogenic features of PD that could be explained by α-syn-MAM disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Departments of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric A Schon
- Departments of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center New York, NY, USA ; Departments of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Serge Przedborski
- Departments of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Mitochondrial disease resulting in reduced bioenergetic output can be due to mutations in either nuclear DNA-encoded or mitochondrial DNA-encoded gene products. We summarize some of the underlying principles of mitochondrial genetics that impact the diagnosis and pathogenesis of mitochondrial disorders. In addition, we present a brief overview of a new frontier in the field, namely, mitochondrial "dynamics," which controls organellar fusion, fission, trafficking, and positioning, and exerts mitochondrial "quality control" by maintaining organellar integrity and viability. Analysis of mutations in gene products associated with this latter area has opened up new vistas in the study of disorders associated with compromised energy production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric A Schon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Schon EA, Area-Gomez E. Mitochondria-associated ER membranes in Alzheimer disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2013; 55:26-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
|
38
|
Abstract
The subcellular localization of presenilin-1 (PS1) and presenilin-2 (PS2), two proteins that, when mutated, cause familial Alzheimer's disease (AD), is controversial. We have discovered that mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM) - a specialized subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) involved in lipid metabolism and calcium homeostasis that physically connects ER to mitochondria - is the predominant subcellular location for PS1 and PS2, and for gamma-secretase activity. We hypothesize that presenilins play a role in maintaining MAM function, and that not only altered amyloid-beta levels and hyperphosphorylated tau, but also many other features of AD (e.g., altered phospholipid and cholesterol metabolism, aberrant calcium homeostasis, and abnormal mitochondrial dynamics) result from compromised MAM function. The localization of presenilins and gamma-secretase in MAM may help reconcile disparate ideas regarding the pathogenesis of AD, under a unifying hypothesis that could explain many features of both sporadic and familial AD, thereby taking AD research in a new and fruitful direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Schon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Area-Gomez E, de Groof AJC, Boldogh I, Bird TD, Gibson GE, Koehler CM, Yu WH, Duff KE, Yaffe MP, Pon LA, Schon EA. Presenilins are enriched in endoplasmic reticulum membranes associated with mitochondria. Am J Pathol 2009; 175:1810-6. [PMID: 19834068 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Presenilin-1 (PS1) and -2 (PS2), which when mutated cause familial Alzheimer disease, have been localized to numerous compartments of the cell, including the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, nuclear envelope, endosomes, lysosomes, the plasma membrane, and mitochondria. Using three complementary approaches, subcellular fractionation, gamma-secretase activity assays, and immunocytochemistry, we show that presenilins are highly enriched in a subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum that is associated with mitochondria and that forms a physical bridge between the two organelles, called endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria-associated membranes. A localization of PS1 and PS2 in mitochondria-associated membranes may help reconcile the disparate hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease and may explain many seemingly unrelated features of this devastating neurodegenerative disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|