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Behnsen J, Zhi H, Aron AT, Subramanian V, Santus W, Lee MH, Gerner RR, Petras D, Liu JZ, Green KD, Price SL, Camacho J, Hillman H, Tjokrosurjo J, Montaldo NP, Hoover EM, Treacy-Abarca S, Gilston BA, Skaar EP, Chazin WJ, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Lawrenz MB, Perry RD, Nuccio SP, Dorrestein PC, Raffatellu M. Siderophore-mediated zinc acquisition enhances enterobacterial colonization of the inflamed gut. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7016. [PMID: 34853318 PMCID: PMC8636617 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential cofactor for bacterial metabolism, and many Enterobacteriaceae express the zinc transporters ZnuABC and ZupT to acquire this metal in the host. However, the probiotic bacterium Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (or "Nissle") exhibits appreciable growth in zinc-limited media even when these transporters are deleted. Here, we show that Nissle utilizes the siderophore yersiniabactin as a zincophore, enabling Nissle to grow in zinc-limited media, to tolerate calprotectin-mediated zinc sequestration, and to thrive in the inflamed gut. We also show that yersiniabactin's affinity for iron or zinc changes in a pH-dependent manner, with increased relative zinc binding as the pH increases. Thus, our results indicate that siderophore metal affinity can be influenced by the local environment and reveal a mechanism of zinc acquisition available to commensal and pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Behnsen
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hui Zhi
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Allegra T Aron
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Vivekanandan Subramanian
- University of Kentucky PharmNMR Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - William Santus
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael H Lee
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Romana R Gerner
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Daniel Petras
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Janet Z Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Keith D Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Sarah L Price
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jose Camacho
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hannah Hillman
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joshua Tjokrosurjo
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nicola P Montaldo
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Evelyn M Hoover
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sean Treacy-Abarca
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Gilston
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Walter J Chazin
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Matthew B Lawrenz
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Robert D Perry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Sean-Paul Nuccio
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Shukla AK, McIntyre LL, Marsh SE, Schneider CA, Hoover EM, Walsh CM, Lodoen MB, Blurton-Jones M, Inlay MA. CD11a expression distinguishes infiltrating myeloid cells from plaque-associated microglia in Alzheimer's disease. Glia 2018; 67:844-856. [PMID: 30588668 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of age-related neurodegeneration and is characterized neuropathologically by the accumulation of insoluble beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides. In AD brains, plaque-associated myeloid (PAM) cells cluster around Aβ plaques but fail to effectively clear Aβ by phagocytosis. PAM cells were originally thought to be brain-resident microglia. However, several studies have also suggested that Aβ-induced inflammation causes peripheral monocytes to enter the otherwise immune-privileged brain. The relationship between AD progression and inflammation in the brain remains ambiguous because microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages are extremely difficult to distinguish from one another in an inflamed brain. Whether PAM cells are microglia, peripheral macrophages, or a mixture of both remains unclear. CD11a is a component of the β2 integrin LFA1. We have determined that CD11a is highly expressed on peripheral immune cells, including macrophages, but is not expressed by mouse microglia. These expression patterns remain consistent in LPS-treated inflamed mice, as well as in two mouse models of AD. Thus, CD11a can be used as a marker to distinguish murine microglia from infiltrating peripheral immune cells. Using CD11a, we show that PAM cells in AD transgenic brains are comprised entirely of microglia. We also demonstrate a novel fluorescence-assisted quantification technique (FAQT), which reveals a significant increase in T lymphocytes, especially in the brains of female AD mice. Our findings support the notion that microglia are the lead myeloid players in AD and that rejuvenating their phagocytic potential may be an important therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita K Shukla
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Laura L McIntyre
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Samuel E Marsh
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Christine A Schneider
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Evelyn M Hoover
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Craig M Walsh
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Melissa B Lodoen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Matthew A Inlay
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
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Hoose SA, Duran C, Malik I, Eslamfam S, Shasserre SC, Downing SS, Hoover EM, Dowd KE, Smith R, Polymenis M. Systematic analysis of cell cycle effects of common drugs leads to the discovery of a suppressive interaction between gemfibrozil and fluoxetine. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36503. [PMID: 22567160 PMCID: PMC3342239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Screening chemical libraries to identify compounds that affect overall cell proliferation is common. However, in most cases, it is not known whether the compounds tested alter the timing of particular cell cycle transitions. Here, we evaluated an FDA-approved drug library to identify pharmaceuticals that alter cell cycle progression in yeast, using DNA content measurements by flow cytometry. This approach revealed strong cell cycle effects of several commonly used pharmaceuticals. We show that the antilipemic gemfibrozil delays initiation of DNA replication, while cells treated with the antidepressant fluoxetine severely delay progression through mitosis. Based on their effects on cell cycle progression, we also examined cell proliferation in the presence of both compounds. We discovered a strong suppressive interaction between gemfibrozil and fluoxetine. Combinations of interest among diverse pharmaceuticals are difficult to identify, due to the daunting number of possible combinations that must be evaluated. The novel interaction between gemfibrozil and fluoxetine suggests that identifying and combining drugs that show cell cycle effects might streamline identification of drug combinations with a pronounced impact on cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Hoose
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Camille Duran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Indranil Malik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shabnam Eslamfam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Samantha C. Shasserre
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - S. Sabina Downing
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Evelyn M. Hoover
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Katherine E. Dowd
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roger Smith
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Polymenis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hoose SA, Rawlings JA, Kelly MM, Leitch MC, Ababneh QO, Robles JP, Taylor D, Hoover EM, Hailu B, McEnery KA, Downing SS, Kaushal D, Chen Y, Rife A, Brahmbhatt KA, Smith R, Polymenis M. A systematic analysis of cell cycle regulators in yeast reveals that most factors act independently of cell size to control initiation of division. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002590. [PMID: 22438835 PMCID: PMC3305459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Upstream events that trigger initiation of cell division, at a point called START in yeast, determine the overall rates of cell proliferation. The identity and complete sequence of those events remain unknown. Previous studies relied mainly on cell size changes to identify systematically genes required for the timely completion of START. Here, we evaluated panels of non-essential single gene deletion strains for altered DNA content by flow cytometry. This analysis revealed that most gene deletions that altered cell cycle progression did not change cell size. Our results highlight a strong requirement for ribosomal biogenesis and protein synthesis for initiation of cell division. We also identified numerous factors that have not been previously implicated in cell cycle control mechanisms. We found that CBS, which catalyzes the synthesis of cystathionine from serine and homocysteine, advances START in two ways: by promoting cell growth, which requires CBS's catalytic activity, and by a separate function, which does not require CBS's catalytic activity. CBS defects cause disease in humans, and in animals CBS has vital, non-catalytic, unknown roles. Hence, our results may be relevant for human biology. Taken together, these findings significantly expand the range of factors required for the timely initiation of cell division. The systematic identification of non-essential regulators of cell division we describe will be a valuable resource for analysis of cell cycle progression in yeast and other organisms. What determines when cells begin a new round of cell division also dictates how fast cells multiply. Knowing which cellular pathways and how these pathways affect the machinery of cell division will allow modulations of cell proliferation. Baker's yeast is suited for genetic and biochemical studies of eukaryotic cell division. Previous studies relied mainly on cell size changes to identify systematically factors that control initiation of cell division. Here, we measured the DNA content of each non-essential single gene deletion strain to identify genes required for the correct timing of cell cycle transitions. Our comprehensive strategy revealed new pathways that control cell division. We expect that this study will be a valuable resource for numerous future analyses of mechanisms that control cell division in yeast and other organisms, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Hoose
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeremy A. Rawlings
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michelle M. Kelly
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - M. Camille Leitch
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Qotaiba O. Ababneh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Juan P. Robles
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - David Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Evelyn M. Hoover
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bethel Hailu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kayla A. McEnery
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - S. Sabina Downing
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Deepika Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alex Rife
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kirtan A. Brahmbhatt
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roger Smith
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Polymenis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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McMillen MA, Kharma B, Fuortes M, Schaefer HC, McGowan EA, Baumgarten WK, Hoover EM. Cyclosporine effect on anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody-stimulated mitogenesis, phorbol ester comitogenesis, and PGE2 production. J Surg Res 1991; 51:66-71. [PMID: 1829779 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4804(91)90071-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (H-PBMC) from 10 healthy donors were stimulated to proliferate with phytohemagglutinin lectin (PHA), anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb), and anti-CD3 mAb plus phorbol 12, myristate 13 acetate (TPA), a protein kinase C (PKC) agonist. Anti-CD3 mAb-mediated mitogenesis was 35-75% of that observed with PHA. When TPA was added to a dose of mAb that by itself did not cause mitogenesis, proliferation equal to 50-90% of the maximally mitogenic dose occurred. TPA did not enhance proliferation with maximally mitogenic doses of antibody. Dimethyl-prostaglandin E2, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and forskolin (an adenyl cyclase agonist) inhibited PHA, anti-CD3, and anti-CD3/PMA-mediated mitogenesis. Cyclosporine (CSA) inhibited anti-CD3 and anti-CD3/TPA mitogenesis in a dose-dependent fashion. While CSA inhibited anti-CD3 and anti-CD3/TPA mitogenic signals, it did not affect PGE2 production by anti-CD3 mAb-stimulated H-PBMC. In the presence of CSA, PGE2 production in PHA-stimulated H-PBMC was increased. PGE2 inhibits lymphocyte proliferation via a cyclic AMP-mediated mechanism and may enhance maturation of suppressor cells. CSA inhibits anti-CD3 mAb and anti-CD3/TPA proliferative signals in H-PBMC yet has no effect or may even enhance production of suppressive PGE2. The maturation of antigen-specific suppressor cells elicited by CSA may involve active down-regulation of CD3 receptor and PKC-dependent events while PGE2 production continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A McMillen
- Department of Surgery, Bridgeport Hospital, Connecticut 06610
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Hoover EM. Basic approaches to the study of demographic aspects of economic development: economic-demographic models. Popul Index 1971; 37:66-75. [PMID: 12335719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Hoover EM. Economic consequences of population growth. Indian J Public Health 1968; 12:17-22. [PMID: 5715754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Hoover EM, Perlman M. Measuring the effects of population control on economic development: a case study of Pakistan. Pak Dev Rev 1966; 6:545-66. [PMID: 12255309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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