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Strzała T, Kowalczyk A, Rosenberger J, Frąszczak M, Łukaszewicz E. Relationship between semen quality and level of heterozygosity on the model of endangered population of Western capercaillie. Reprod Domest Anim 2023. [PMID: 36964983 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Sperm quality is a very important population survival factor, which can be influenced by the level of male's genetic diversity and can influence reproduction effectiveness, what may be crucial in terms of decision about local, endangered population protection plans. Thus, we analysed if heterozygosity and age influence sperm quality in the engendered European capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) population in Polish breeding stations. Obtained results showed no relationship between normal sperm morphology and heterozygosity, as well as age and sperm morphology, but it was shown that both high and low level of heterozygosity significantly influenced the percentage of abnormal sperm. Thus, heterozygosity level can be a useful tool for population reproduction potential prediction, however further research on how those abnormalities influence fertilization process are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Strzała
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Artur Kowalczyk
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Rosenberger
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Frąszczak
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Łukaszewicz E, Jerysz A, Kowalczyk A. Effect of freeze-dried quail egg white and yolk addition to semen extender on viability of rooster sperm stored for 6 h at 4°C. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:450-458. [PMID: 36530016 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of freeze-dried quail egg white and yolk addition to basic EK extender on morphology and motility of chicken broiler breeder semen was investigated. Fresh pooled semen was divided into eight parts: fresh, undiluted (control), diluted in 1:2 ratio (v/v) with basic EK extender, EK + 200 mg/ml of egg white, EK + 100 mg/ml of egg white, EK + 50 mg/ml of egg white, EK + 100 mg/ml of egg yolk, EK + 50 mg/ml of egg yolk, EK + 25 mg/ml of egg yolk. Semen samples were evaluated 15 min after dilution and after 6 h of storage at 4°C. In the fresh semen, the number of live normal sperm was the highest in semen diluted with EK + 200 mg of egg white and EK + 100 mg of egg yolk, while the highest sperm motility was in the neat semen. Semen storage reduced the number of normal sperm in all analysed semen samples. In the neat semen, the number of normal sperm decreased, in relation to the fresh not-stored samples, by 36.8% (from 72.3% to 35.5%), with EK extender by 9.2%, in samples enriched with egg white, from 8.4% (EK + 200 mg) to 10.0% (EK + 100 mg), and in EK with egg yolk addition, from 1.2% (EK + 50 mg) to 10.6% (EK + 100 mg). The highest percentage of motile sperm was observed in EK extender enriched with 50 mg of egg white (77.1%) and EK + 25 mg of egg yolk (65.3%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Jerysz
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Artur Kowalczyk
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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O'Brien E, Castaño C, Toledano-Díaz A, Caamaño JN, Hidalgo C, Fidalgo LE, López-Beceiro AM, Esteso MC, Balsera R, García-Casado P, Łukaszewicz E, Santiago-Moreno J. Use of native chicken breeds (Gallus gallus domesticus) for the development of suitable methods of Cantabrian capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus cantabricus) semen cryopreservation. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1311-1318. [PMID: 35419978 PMCID: PMC9122408 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Cantabrian capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus cantabricus) is critically endangered. This subspecies has the lowest genetic variability and it is in regression. It belongs to Phasianidae family; therefore, the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) could be a good model for developing reproductive technologies for use in capercaillie populations with low availability of animals. Objectives In this study, we analyzed the response of capercaillie sperm to the freezing–thawing process for contributing to the development of a semen cryobank of Cantabrian capercaillie. Methods We used domestic chicken as the animal model in order to obtain the freezing protocol before applying on capercaillie. In the first experiment, two different extenders (EK and LR84) and different concentrations [4% and 6% dimethyl‐acetamide (DMA) v:v] of cryoprotectants were evaluated using in‐straw freezing method in domestic chickens. A pilot study in capercaillie males, using the same conditions evaluated in chicken, was performed. Results In chicken, we found that the LR84‐4% DMA media provided the best results for freezing semen. In capercaillie study, LR84 extender seemed to be the most appropriate diluent and 4% was the better dose of DMA cryoprotectant agent. Further, based on previous studies carried out in rooster samples, we also tested the glycerol (8% v/v) as a cryoprotectant for capercaillie semen cryopreservation. Conclusions Our results suggest that sperm from both domestic and wild species had a similar response to freezing–thawing processes. Mediterranean chickens may be used as a suitable model for developing sperm freezing protocols that can be extrapolated to threatened capercaillie populations. In addition, LR84 media with glycerol was the most efficient extender to freeze capercaillie sperm native.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma O'Brien
- Departmento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Castaño
- Departmento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo Toledano-Díaz
- Departmento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Néstor Caamaño
- Selección y Reproducción Animal-SERIDA, Principado de Asturias, Gijón, Spain
| | - Carlos Hidalgo
- Selección y Reproducción Animal-SERIDA, Principado de Asturias, Gijón, Spain
| | - Luis Eusebio Fidalgo
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Ana María López-Beceiro
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Milagros Cristina Esteso
- Departmento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Balsera
- Servicio de Vigilancia y Control de la Biodiversidad, Dirección General de Medio Natural, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Julián Santiago-Moreno
- Departmento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Łukaszewicz E, Jerysz A, Kowalczyk A. Semen characteristics of ganders kept as genetic resources conservation program. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:815-828. [PMID: 35411590 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The creation of genetic reserves of domesticated animal species and breeds almost become a necessity in the recent years, but there is a question what is the value of semen of males kept ex situ in vivo as gene conservation flocks. Presented studies assessed the response to semen collection by dorso-abdominal massage and the quantitative and qualitative semen characteristics of six goose breeds (Pomorska, Garbonosa, Kuban, Landes, Roman and Slovakia) covered by the genetic resources' protection program. Fourteen semen collection attempts were performed per male. In each breed there were ganders with low and high sensitivity to massage. The most positive reactions were stated in Pomorska ganders (67.9%), and the least in Kuban breed (52.60%). Individual male evaluation showed that only in three breeds (Pomorska, Garbonosa and Kuban) there were individuals showing 100% susceptibility to semen collection, in some breeds only 1-4 positive reactions (ending with ejaculation) were noted. Results obtained indicated breed and male effect on analyzed semen traits, with the exception of sperm motility. The highest number of live normal sperm (44.2% on average), sperm concentration (530 x106 mL-1 ), the highest Semen Quality Factor (92.9) and sperm motility (50.30%) were found in semen of Kuban ganders, while the lowest values of these traits (28.7%; 230 x106 mL-1 ; 11.4, respectively) in Slovakia ganders. The lowest sperm motility (38.3%) was observed in ganders of Roman breed, but comparing to the other breeds existing differences were not significant. Significant differences in sperm morphology between individual ganders were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Jerysz
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Artur Kowalczyk
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
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Łukaszewicz E, Kowalczyk A, Jerysz A. Characteristics of semen collected from gander included in the genetic resources conservation program. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101314. [PMID: 34352409 PMCID: PMC8350414 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservative breeding ex situ in vivo is one of the most popular methods of creating genetic reserves. Unfortunately, keeping animals in small closed populations leads to inbreeding which reduces their reproductive capacity. The aim of the study was to characterize the sperm quality of 6 genetic groups of geese (northern and southern breeds) kept in Poland for many generations as genetic reserve flocks. Each breed was represented by 10 randomly selected 1-yr-old ganders, semen was collected 14 times, individually from each male, and the number of positive reactions (ended with ejaculation), semen volume, sperm concentration, and morphology were assessed. The obtained results showed a significant difference between breeds and individuals of the same group, both in males’ reaction and semen quantitative and qualitative traits. From the northern breeds 193 ejaculates were obtained in total (i.e., 45.9% of all attempts), from the southern breeds 242 ejaculates (57.6%). The volume of single ejaculate varied from 0.01 mL (one drop allowing only histological smear and sperm morphology evaluation) to 0.65 mL; sperm concentration varied from 23.0 × 106mL−1 to 2376.0 × 106mL−1; the amount of total live sperm was at a similar level in all breeds (89.6%–97.7%), while live normal cells ranged between 15.2% and 67.9% depending on breed and individuals. When keeping the genetic reserves ex situ in vivo, attention should be paid to the quality of semen and males that are poor in this respect should be eliminated, in order not to lead to an excessive weakening of the reproductive capacity of the flocks covered by the genetic resources protection program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Artur Kowalczyk
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Jerysz
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
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Szczypka M, Suszko-Pawłowska A, Kuczkowski M, Gorczykowski M, Lis M, Kowalczyk A, Łukaszewicz E, Poradowski D, Zbyryt I, Bednarczyk M, Stefaniak T. Effects of Selected Prebiotics or Synbiotics Administered in ovo on Lymphocyte Subsets in Bursa of the Fabricius, Thymus, and Spleen in Non-Immunized and Immunized Chicken Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020476. [PMID: 33670391 PMCID: PMC7917990 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics may be used as feed additives instead of banned antibiotic-based growth promoters. These bioactive compounds applied in ovo have beneficial effects on intestinal bifidobacteria, decrease the number of detrimental bacteria in the gut, stimulate the development of gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), and modulate the development of lymphoid organs. The aim of our study was to determine whether the specific in ovo-delivered prebiotics and synbiotics affected the lymphocyte subsets of the bursa of the Fabricius, thymus, and spleen in non-immunized chicken broilers and in birds immunized with T-dependent (sheep red blood cells—SRBC) and T-independent (dextran—DEX) antigens. This study demonstrated that in ovo administration of prebiotics and synbiotics is a promising approach for enhancing chicken immune system functions. We conclude that a combination of inulin and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IBB SL1 was the most effective of the tested compounds in the stimulation of the chicken immune system. Abstract The effects of in ovo-delivered prebiotics and synbiotics on the lymphocyte subsets of the lymphoid organs in non-immunized 7-day-old broiler chickens and in non-immunized, sheep red blood cells (SRBC)-immunized, and dextran (DEX)-immunized 21- and 35-day-old birds were studied. The substances were injected on the 12th day of egg incubation: Prebiotic1 group (Pre1) with a solution of inulin, Prebiotic2 group (Pre2) with a solution of Bi2tos (non-digestive transgalacto-oligosaccharides), Synbiotic1 group (Syn1) with inulin and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IBB SL1, and Synbiotic2 group (Syn2) with Bi2tos and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris IBB SC1. In 7-day-old chicks, a decrease in T splenocytes was noticed in all groups. The most pronounced effect in 21- and 35-day-old birds was an increase in TCRγδ+ cells in Syn1 and Syn2 groups. A decrease in bursal B cells was observed in DEX-immunized Pre1 group (21-day-old birds), and in the Syn1 group in non-immunized and SRBC-immunized 35-day-old birds. An increase in double-positive lymphocytes was observed in Pre1 (35-day-old birds) and Pre2 (immunized 21-day-old birds) groups. In Pre1 and Syn1 groups (21- and 35-day-old), an increase in B splenocytes and a decrease in T splenocytes were observed. We concluded that Syn1 was the most effective in the stimulation of the chicken immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Szczypka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.S.-P.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-320-5215
| | - Agnieszka Suszko-Pawłowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.S.-P.); (M.L.)
| | - Maciej Kuczkowski
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Bird and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland; (M.K.); (I.Z.)
| | - Michał Gorczykowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Division of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Lis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.S.-P.); (M.L.)
| | - Artur Kowalczyk
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Division of Poultry Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.K.); (E.Ł.)
| | - Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Division of Poultry Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.K.); (E.Ł.)
| | - Dominik Poradowski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Division of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 1, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Iwona Zbyryt
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Bird and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland; (M.K.); (I.Z.)
| | - Marek Bednarczyk
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Tadeusz Stefaniak
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
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Policht R, Kowalczyk A, Łukaszewicz E, Hart V. Hissing of geese: caller identity encoded in a non-vocal acoustic signal. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10197. [PMID: 33282549 PMCID: PMC7694559 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-vocal, or unvoiced, signals surprisingly have received very little attention until recently especially when compared to other acoustic signals. Some sounds made by terrestrial vertebrates are produced not only by the larynx but also by the syrinx. Furthermore, some birds are known to produce several types of non-syrinx sounds. Besides mechanical sounds produced by feathers, bills and/or wings, sounds can be also produced by constriction, anywhere along the pathway from the lungs to the lips or nostrils (in mammals), or to the bill (in birds), resulting in turbulent, aerodynamic sounds. These noises often emulate whispering, snorting or hissing. Even though hissing sounds have been studied in mammals and reptiles, only a few studies have analyzed hissing sounds in birds. Presently, only the hissing of small, nesting passerines as a defense against their respective predators have been studied. We studied hissing in domestic goose. This bird represents a ground nesting non-passerine bird which frequently produces hissing out of the nest in comparison to passerines producing hissing during nesting in holes e.g., parids. Compared to vocally produced alarm calls, almost nothing is known about how non-vocal hissing sounds potentially encode information about a caller's identity. Therefore, we aimed to test whether non-vocal air expirations can encode an individual's identity similar to those sounds generated by the syrinx or the larynx. We analyzed 217 hissing sounds from 22 individual geese. We calculated the Potential for Individual Coding (PIC) comparing the coefficient of variation both within and among individuals. In addition, we conducted a series of 15 a stepwise discriminant function analysis (DFA) models. All 16 acoustic variables showed a higher coefficient of variation among individuals. Twelve DFA models revealed 51.2-54.4% classification result (cross-validated output) and all 15 models showed 60.8-68.2% classification output based on conventional DFA in comparison to a 4.5% success rate when classification by chance. This indicates the stability of the DFA results even when using different combinations of variables. Our findings showed that an individual's identity could be encoded with respect to the energy distribution at the beginning of a signal and the lowest frequencies. Body weight did not influence an individual's sound expression. Recognition of hissing mates in dangerous situations could increase the probability of their surviving via a more efficient anti-predator response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Policht
- Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Artur Kowalczyk
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Vlastimil Hart
- Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
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Łukaszewicz E, Jerysz A, Kowalczyk A. Reproductive season and male effect on quantitative and qualitative traits of individually collected Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) semen. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:1735-1746. [PMID: 32989837 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Males of Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) are mainly used for mule duck production via artificial insemination of females originated from wild mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos); therefore, the quantity and quality of drake semen play a crucial role. The assessment results of male reaction to sexual stimulation by dummy female and basic semen characteristic (ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and morphology) of 12 individually kept Muscovy drakes carried out during the entire reproductive season are described. The male and period of the reproductive season effect on scored semen traits are documented. In total, 792 individual semen collections and evaluations were performed. The average of positive reaction in the entire reproductive season varied from 90.6% in December and April to 50.0% in July, while for individual males, it varied between 97.1% and 29.0%. Throughout the season, the ejaculate volumes ranged from 0.05 to 2.45 ml, sperm concentration from 0.15 × 109 ml-1 to 4.44 × 109 ml-1 , total number of live spermatozoa from 68.0% to 100% and live normal (properly formed, with any deformations) from 51.0% to 99.0%. Our study indicates the necessity of male breeders pre-selection before the onset of the reproductive season, and the need to leave an appropriate number of males to ensure adequate amount of semen for female insemination, especially when using Muscovy drakes (Cairina moschata) for interspecies crossing with Anas platyrhynchos ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jerysz
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Artur Kowalczyk
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Kowalczyk A, Łukaszewicz E, Strzała T, Partyka A, Rosenberger J. Characteristics of capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) semen analysed with flow cytometry combined with fertility results. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:984-991. [PMID: 32506759 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to increase the reproductive indices of capercaillie kept in closed breeding facilities, it is necessary to constantly expand the methods of better understanding the characteristics of sperm and their fertilizing potency. The aim of the study was to analyse selected features of capercaillie sperm using flow cytometry and their connection with fertility results. The study included five males, three of which were kept in a family group with eight females and two were kept alone. For sperm viability, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial potential and DNA defragmentation were assessed. Paternity analyses were performed in order to confirm the paternity of the individual and to link the evaluated semen traits with reproductive success. Analyses carried out in the flow cytometer showed any significant differences between males in sperm characteristics. In the semen of male No. 101, the father of all chicks from the analysed family group, 91.3% of live sperm, 91.5% with intact acrosome, 83.6% with active mitochondria and 2.0% with DNA defragmentation were observed. The average fertility rate was 71.0%, and chick hatchability was 100%. Using flow cytometry in the analysis of capercaillie semen and its connection with the results of natural mating, we were able to obtain deeper knowledge about new sperm characteristics that were not examined before and which in the future may be helpful in selecting males for the reproductive flocks and developing assisted reproduction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Kowalczyk
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Strzała
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Univeristy of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Partyka
- Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Rosenberger
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Madej JP, Skonieczna J, Siwek M, Kowalczyk A, Łukaszewicz E, Slawinska A. Genotype-dependent development of cellular and humoral immunity in the spleen and cecal tonsils of chickens stimulated in ovo with bioactive compounds. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4343-4350. [PMID: 32867978 PMCID: PMC7598118 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics, delivered in ovo influence the colonization and development of the peripheral immune system in poultry. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the host genotype (broiler chickens [Ross 308] and old native Polish breed Green-legged Partridgelike [GP] chickens) on the number of B and T cells in the spleen and cecal tonsils (CT). The solution of a bioactive compound was injected in ovo on day 12 of egg incubation: prebiotics (galactooligosaccharides [GOS]), probiotics (Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris IBB477), and synbiotics (GOS + L. lactis). The samples were collected on day 7, day 21, and day 42 after hatching (n = 8). The number of Bu-1+ (B) cells, CD4+ cells, and CD8+ cells in the spleen and CT was estimated using immunohistochemistry. The number of germinal centers (GC) was determined in the spleen. In broilers, probiotics increased (P < 0.05) the number of CD4+ cells in the CT on day 7. On day 21, prebiotics raised (P < 0.01) the number of cells involved in cellular immunity in the CT (CD4+ and CD8+ cells) and spleen (CD8+ cells). On day 42, it was synbiotics that stimulated the colonization of both the CT and spleen by B cells, but colonization of the spleen only by CD4+ and CD8+ cells. In GP chickens, synbiotics enforced the cellular immunity (CD4+ or CD8+ cells) in the spleen at all time points. Synbiotics also stimulated the GC appearance on day 21 and day 42. In GP chickens, the influence of bioactive compounds on colonization of the CT was very limited. In broilers, we determined pronounced and age-dependent effects of prebiotics and synbiotics on the number of B and T cells in both the CT and spleen. In GP chickens, the most potent compound was synbiotics, which stimulated cellular immunity in the spleen but not in the CT. However, given the long-term effects on adaptive immune cells, synbiotics were the most potent compounds in both chicken genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Madej
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - J Skonieczna
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - M Siwek
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Sciences and Technology, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - A Kowalczyk
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - E Łukaszewicz
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Slawinska
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Sciences and Technology, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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11
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Łukaszewicz E, Jerysz A, Chełmońska B. Effect of semen extenders and storage time on quality of Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) drake semen during the entire reproductive season. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:943-950. [PMID: 32452061 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Avian semen dilution with appropriate extender allows to prolong the fertilizing ability of sperm stored in vitro. In the present study, the impact of extenders and time of storage on morphology of Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) drake semen were examined. Semen was collected twice a week, using male stimulation by a female method, from 12 adults (29 weeks old) drakes kept individually in cages, under controlled environmental conditions. Freshly collected, pooled ejaculates were divided into three part: neat undiluted sample, and diluted 1:1 with Schramm (SCH) or Watanabe (W) extender and stored at 4°C. Morphological examination of all samples was conducted after dilution and then, after 3 and 6 hr of storage. The storage of undiluted semen caused decrease (p ≤ .01) in live morphologically normal sperm, from 79.73% in the freshly collected ejaculates to 55.75% and to 12.12% after 3 and 6 hr of storage, respectively (average calculated for the entire reproductive season). In the semen diluted with Schramm's extender the adequate values attained 86.84, 79.65 and 61.66%, and using Watanabe extender 84.77, 83.58 and 75.25%, respectively. The period of semen storage and the type of extender caused significant (p ≤ 0,05; p ≤ 0,01) changes in sperm morphology. The longer period of storage contributed to the decrease in number of morphologically normal sperm, whereas their content in Watanabe extender after 3 and 6 hr of storage was higher (p ≤ .01) than in semen diluted in Schramm extender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jerysz
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bronisława Chełmońska
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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12
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Łukaszewicz E, Jerysz A, Kowalczyk A. Effect of semen extenders on viability of ISA Brown and Hubbard Flex roosters' sperm stored for 24 h. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2766-2774. [PMID: 32359614 PMCID: PMC7597452 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial insemination is used in almost 95% of turkey reproductive flocks and is becoming more important in chickens, particularly broiler breeders, as well as in assisted reproduction of wild birds kept in breeding centers. Diluted semen is recommended for artificial insemination. Pooled semen samples collected twice a week by dorso-abdominal massage from 2 chicken lines: laying-ISA Brown (ISA-B) and meat type-Hubbard Flex (H-F) were divided into 5 parts: neat semen and diluted in 1:2 ratio with 4 extenders: basic EK; EK + 1 μg/mL organic selenium and 8 μg/mL vitamin E; EK + 10 mg/mL of royal jelly; and EK + 0.25 g/mL of lyophilized bovine colostrum. Diluted semen samples were evaluated after 15 min and then 24 h storage at 4°C. Sperm concentration, motility, motility parameters (with Sperm Class Analyzer), and morphology were evaluated in the neat semen, whereas in diluted and stored samples, the last 3 traits were determined. In case of both lines, dilution did not affect (P > 0.05) the number of live normal cells (78.0-81.1% in ISA Brown and 73.8-68.7% in Hubbard Flex) in relation to neat semen; however, bovine colostrum addition increased (P < 0.05) the percentage of bulb head sperm (5.7 vs. 10.0% and 12.1 vs. 17.6%, for ISA and Hubbard, respectively) and decreased sperm motility (67.4 vs. 92.9% and 67.3 vs. 98.5% for ISA and Hubbard). The 24 h storage of neat semen and semen diluted with colostrum caused (P < 0.05) the unfavorable changes in all evaluated traits and both chicken lines, whereas semen dilution with remaining extenders decreased the percentage of live normal cells (by 18.8-23.4% ISA and by 20.9-25.5% Hubbard) but did not affect sperm motility (81.5-87.6% for ISA and 81.1-96.6% for Hubbard). Sperm motility and motility parameters depended both on the extender and chicken line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anna Jerysz
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Artur Kowalczyk
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Łukaszewicz E, Lasoń M, Kowalczyk A, Rosenberger J, Andres K, Bakst M. Stage of goose embryo development at oviposition depending on genotype, flock age, and period of laying. Poult Sci 2019; 98:5152-5156. [PMID: 31073603 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryo development and chick quality are influenced by parental genotype, age, nutrition, environment, and flock management. The aim of study was to determine if genotype, age of goose or eggs laid near the onset of egg production vs. eggs laid near the end of reproduction influence the stage of embryo at oviposition. Three experiments were undertaken. To compare genotypes (Experiment 1) 150 eggs were collected from 3-year-old commercial line White Koluda (WK) geese and from two breeds involved in a genetic resources conservation program, Zatorska (Za) and Bilgoraj (Bi). Age comparison (Experiment 2) was conducted with 200 eggs collected from 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old WK geese. To compare laying periods (Experiment 3), 150 WK eggs were collected at the first week of March and 100 at the second half of June. Eggs were stored for 72 h at 16°C, staged using Eyal-Giladi and Kochav (EGK, Roman numerals) and Hamburger and Hamilton (HH, Arabic numerals) procedures. Experiment 1: Individual breed differences were evident with Stage X EGK embryos comprising 42.4, 33.3, and 38.7% in the eggs examined from the WK, Bi, and Za, respectively. For all breeds combined, 38.8% of the embryos were in Stage X, but in the next order in WK there was stage XI (18.2%), while in geese from the genetic reserve it was stage XIII (Bi - 33.3; Za - 29.0%). Experiment 2: In eggs of 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old WK geese, the majority of embryos (38.7, 32.4 and 42.2%, respectively) were in Stage X. In contrast, in 4-year-old geese the embryos were in Stage XI (36.1%). Experiment 3: In eggs collected in March and in June most of embryos were in Stage X (33.7% and 43.6%, respectively). In addition, more developmentally advanced stages (XI-XIII) were similar in both periods. However, embryos in Stage 2 HH were only observed in eggs collected at the end of laying season. Interestingly, earlier stages (VI-IX) were observed exclusively in the eggs collected in March.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Łukaszewicz
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - M Lasoń
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Kowalczyk
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - J Rosenberger
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - K Andres
- University of Agriculture in Krakow, 33-332 Krakow, Poland
| | - M Bakst
- USA Poultry consultant, Retired USDA-ARS Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Orłowski G, Merta D, Pokorny P, Łukaszewicz E, Dobicki W, Kobielski J, Kowalczyk A, Rzońca Z, Krzywiński A. Eggshell resorption, and embryonic mobilization and accumulation of calcium and metals in eggs of wild and captive Capercaillies Tetrao urogallus. Environ Pollut 2019; 249:152-162. [PMID: 30884394 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although it is fairly well known that eggshells are the major source of Ca and other micronutrients for developing avian embryos, potential anatomical and/or ecological correlates explaining the variation in embryo-induced depletion of micronutrients from eggshells remain to be addressed. Using unhatched eggs at various developmental stages and post-hatched eggshells of wild and captive-bred birds of a large precocial species, the Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus, we explored two major questions. (i) Do egg size, regional eggshell thickness as well as levels of two major micronutrients (Ca and Mg) and eight trace elements (Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, Cd, Pb and Zn) measured in egg shells and contents vary with embryonic age within and between wild and captive-bred bird eggs? (ii) How the proportions of eggshell elements become depleted during the entire process of embryogenesis? The eggshells of wild Capercaillies were thinner at the equator and the sharp pole, and contained more Mg and Ca, while in their contents there was more Cu, Cd and Pb compared with captive birds. All ten metal concentrations measured in the egg contents increased (from 15% to 285% more) with the age of embryos. The concentrations of six elements measured in eggshells (Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, Cd and Zn) decreased consistently (from 15 to 70% less) during embryogenesis. This suggests the presence of these elements in the innermost decalcified shell layer and their further mobilization into the embryos/egg contents. Our results strongly imply that most trace elements present in the egg contents/developing embryos are mobilized from the eggshells. We highlight the fact that knowledge of the magnitude of embryogenesis-related functional changes in the physical (such as shell thickness) and chemical traits of the eggs and eggshells of oviparous vertebrates is fundamental for drawing correct inferences regarding the response of an individual to variable environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Orłowski
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bukowska 19, 60-809, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Dorota Merta
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection Pedagogical University of Kraków, Podbrzezie 3, 31-054, Kraków, Poland
| | - Przemysław Pokorny
- Department of Hydrobiology and Aquaculture, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Dobicki
- Department of Hydrobiology and Aquaculture, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Artur Kowalczyk
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zenon Rzońca
- Wisła Forest Inspectorate, Czarne 6, 43-460, Wisła, Poland
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15
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Orłowski G, Merta D, Pokorny P, Łukaszewicz E, Dobicki W, Kobielski J, Kowalczyk A, Rzońca Z, Krzywiński A. Supporting dataset and methods for egg sizes, eggshell thicknesses and metal concentrations measured in the shells and contents of eggs of Capercaillies Tetrao urogallus. Data Brief 2019; 24:103903. [PMID: 31061855 PMCID: PMC6488815 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.103903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The dataset presented in this data paper supports "Eggshell resorption, and embryonic mobilization and accumulation of calcium and metals in eggs of wild and captive Capercaillies Tetrao urogallus" (Orłowski et al., 2019) [1]. Here we present the supplementary data on the following: (1) egg sizes, regional eggshell thicknesses (at the equator, sharp pole and blunt pole) as well as the concentrations of two major micronutrients (Ca and Mg) and eight trace elements (Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, Cd, Pb and Zn), measured in the shells and contents of eggs of captive-bred and wild Capercaillies. (2) How the proportions of elements sequestered into eggshells become depleted during embryogenesis expressed as the %change of concentrations of various elements measured in the shells and contents of eggs at different stages of embryonic advancement (early dead embryos, late dead embryos and hatched eggs). (3) The relationships between the age of dead embryos and three regional eggshell thicknesses and concentrations of different elements measured in the shells and contents of these eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Orłowski
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bukowska 19, 60-809 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dorota Merta
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection Pedagogical University of Kraków, Podbrzezie 3, 31-054 Kraków, Poland
| | - Przemysław Pokorny
- Department of Hydrobiology and Aquaculture, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Dobicki
- Department of Hydrobiology and Aquaculture, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Artur Kowalczyk
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zenon Rzońca
- Wisła Forest Inspectorate, Czarne 6, 43-460 Wisła, Poland
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Stefaniak T, Madej JP, Graczyk S, Siwek M, Łukaszewicz E, Kowalczyk A, Sieńczyk M, Bednarczyk M. Selected prebiotics and synbiotics administered in ovo can modify innate immunity in chicken broilers. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:105. [PMID: 30943971 PMCID: PMC6448256 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1850-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous study showed that prebiotics and synbiotics administered in ovo into the egg air cell on the 12th day of incubation enhance the growth and development of chickens. However, the influence of this procedure on the development and efficiency of the innate immune system of broiler chickens is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the early (on the 12th day of embryo development) in ovo administration of selected prebiotics (inulin - Pre1 and Bi2tos - Pre2) and synbiotics (inulin + Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IBB SL1 - Syn1 and Bi2tos + L. lactis subsp. cremoris IBB SC1 - Syn2) influences the innate immune system. RESULTS Chickens (broiler, Ross 308) that were treated with Pre1 exhibited a decreased H/L ratio on D7, but an increased H/L ratio was observed on D21 and D35. In the remaining experimental groups, an increase in the H/L ratio was observed on D21 and D35. The oxidative potential of leukocytes measured using the NBT test increased on D21 in Pre2 and Syn1 groups. The rate of the phagocytic ability of leukocytes increased in Pre1 and Syn1 groups on D21. The phagocytic index decreased in Pre1 and Syn2 groups on D21 and D35. Concurrently, the count of WBC in circulating blood decreased on D21 in Pre1, Pre2, and Syn1 groups. The hematocrit value was increased in Syn1 chickens on D21, in Pre1 chickens on D35, and in Syn2 chickens on both time points. CONCLUSIONS Early in ovo treatment of chicken embryos with prebiotics and synbiotics may temporarily modulate not only the production/maturation of leukocytes but also their reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Stefaniak
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan P Madej
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Graczyk
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maria Siwek
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Artur Kowalczyk
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Sieńczyk
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry & Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Bednarczyk
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Lendzion M, Łukaszewicz E, Waś J, Czaprowski D. Self-evaluation of Trunk Aesthetics in Conservatively Treated Children and Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil 2018; 20:371-382. [PMID: 30648659 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.8273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trunk deformity is an important manifestation of idiopathic scoliosis (IS). Patients' perception of spinal deformity and its impact on their quality of life (QoL) are important aspects of scoliosis treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between radiographic parameters (Cobb angle), clinical parameters (angle of trunk rotation, ATR), and the type of conservative treatment used vs the perception of trunk aesthetics as well as QoL in IS patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study enrolled 90 subjects (68 females, 22 males) diagnosed with IS (age: 9-18 years, 14.3± 2.1; Cobb angle 10-66°, 22.2°±12.2; ATR 2-20°, 7.6°±3.9). The study group was divided into (1) patients treated with bracing and physiotherapy (n=35) and (2) subjects undergoing physiotherapy alone (n=55). The perception of trunk deformity was analysed with the TAPS visual scale. QoL was measured with the Polish version of the SRS-22 questionnaire. RESULTS The study showed that the patients' perception of their trunk aesthetics significantly worsened with increasing Cobb angle (TAPS, rS= -0.327, p<0.01) and ATR (TAPS, rS= -0.228, p<0.05) values. Moreover, higher ATR values sig-ni-ficantly decreased the patients' QoL (SRS-22, rS= -0.232, p<0.05). Bracing significantly worsened the patients' perception of aesthetics and QoL (TAPS, 3.2±0.8 vs 3.8±0.6, p<0.05; SRS-22, 3.9±0.4 vs 4.0±0.4, p<0.05 for patients treated with bracing and physiotherapy alone, respectively). CONCLUSIONS 1. The magnitude of scoliosis, angle of trunk rotation, and bracing leads to worsen perception of trunk aesthetics and quality of life. 2. The curvature angle, angle of trunk rotation, brac-ing, female sex, and age are all associated with a worse perception of trunk aesthetics and quality of life. Self-evaluation of trunk aesthetics and qua-lity of life do not depend on the type of scoliosis. 3. In planning the management of idiopathic sco-lio-sis, one should take into account the impact of spi-nal deformity on worse patient-rated body aes-thetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Lendzion
- Wydział Rehabilitacji, Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego Józefa Piłsudskiego w Warszawie, Polska / Department of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Wydział Rehabilitacji, Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego Józefa Piłsudskiego w Warszawie, Polska / Department of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Waś
- Wydział Fizjoterapii, Olsztyńska Szkoła Wyższa im. Józefa Rusieckiego, Olsztyn, Polska / Department of Physiotherapy, Józef Rusiecki University College, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dariusz Czaprowski
- Wydział Fizjoterapii, Olsztyńska Szkoła Wyższa im. Józefa Rusieckiego, Olsztyn, Polska / Department of Physiotherapy, Józef Rusiecki University College, Olsztyn, Poland
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18
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Łukaszewicz E, Lasoń M, Kowalczyk A, Bednarczyk M. Secondary sexual traits and semen characteristic of chicken germline chimeras. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:859-863. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Łukaszewicz
- Division of Poultry Breeding; Institute of Animal Breeding; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
| | - M Lasoń
- Division of Poultry Breeding; Institute of Animal Breeding; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
| | - A Kowalczyk
- Division of Poultry Breeding; Institute of Animal Breeding; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
| | - M Bednarczyk
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology; UTP University of Science and Technology; Bydgoszcz Poland
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19
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Klećkowska-Nawrot JE, Goździewska-Harłajczuk K, Łupicki D, Marycz K, Nawara T, Barszcz K, Kowalczyk A, Rosenberger J, Łukaszewicz E. The differences in the eyelids microstructure and the conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue between selected ornamental and wild birds as a result of adaptation to their habitat. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E. Klećkowska-Nawrot
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Karolina Goździewska-Harłajczuk
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Dariusz Łupicki
- Museum of Natural History of the Faculty of Biology and Animal Science; Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory; Faculty of Biology and Animal Science; Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Tomasz Nawara
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory; Faculty of Biology and Animal Science; Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Karolina Barszcz
- Department of Morphological Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Warsaw Poland
| | - Artur Kowalczyk
- Division of Poultry Breeding; Faculty of Biology and Animal Science; Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Joanna Rosenberger
- Division of Poultry Breeding; Faculty of Biology and Animal Science; Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Division of Poultry Breeding; Faculty of Biology and Animal Science; Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wroclaw Poland
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Łukaszewicz E, Bagińska P, Lasoń M. Can roosters′ head ornaments serve as a criterion for their selection as a valuable reproducers? Annals of Animal Science 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/aoas-2016-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
It is widely practiced that before mating the roosters are selected as reproducers mainly on the basis of head ornaments appearance. Relationship between males secondary sexual traits (comb and wattles) with testes size, as all of them are testosterone-dependent traits, were examined. Measurements of head ornaments and testes from two broiler breeder lines and two laying lines of chicken were correlated. The value of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of bilateral traits was also measured. Positive correlations were found for head ornaments and testes weight in one of broiler breeder lines. No correlations were found for males of laying lines. The degree of FA did not differ between lines, except for FA of wattle length, which was higher (P≤0.05) for one of the broiler lines. Results obtained indicated that head ornaments cannot be used as the only criterion for rooster selection as reproducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38 a, 51-630 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Paulina Bagińska
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38 a, 51-630 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Martyna Lasoń
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38 a, 51-630 Wrocław , Poland
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Łukaszewicz E, Lasoń M, Rosenberger J, Kowalczyk A, Bakst M. Goose embryonic development from oviposition through 16 hours of incubation. Poult Sci 2017; 96:1934-1938. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Miśta D, Króliczewska B, Pecka-Kiełb E, Kapuśniak V, Zawadzki W, Graczyk S, Kowalczyk A, Łukaszewicz E, Bednarczyk M. Effect of in ovo injected prebiotics and synbiotics on the caecal fermentation and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. Anim Prod Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/an16257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Manipulations of the intestinal microbiota composition may improve the health and performance of chickens. In ovo technology allows the administration of a bioactive substance to enter directly into the incubating egg. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of in ovo administered prebiotics or synbiotics on microbial activity products in the caeca and the development of the small intestine of broiler chickens. Ross 308 male chickens hatched from eggs injected in ovo with prebiotics or synbiotics were used in this study. Five experimental groups were formed: C (Control) – injected with 0.9% NaCl, the Pre-1 and Pre-2 groups – injected with prebiotics: inulin or Bi2tos, respectively, and the Syn-1 and Syn-2 groups – injected with synbiotics: inulin with Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IBB SL1 or Bi2tos with Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris IBB SC1, respectively. At the age of 7, 21 and 35 days, 10 chicks of each group were randomly selected, weighed and slaughtered, and the jejunal samples were collected for histological examinations, whereas caecal samples were collected to analyse the end products of microbial fermentation. Synbiotic treatment increased bodyweight, as observed in the Syn-1 group (P < 0.05). The propionate molar proportion was highest in the groups treated with synbiotics, especially in the Syn-1 group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the molar proportion of acetate was also lowest in the Syn-1 group (P < 0.05). In ovo synbiotics treatment increased the villus length : crypt depth ratio in the jejunal mucosa, which might improve nutrient absorption and contribute to the increased weight of chickens. These effects suggest that the in ovo administration of synbiotics may be an effective method to increase bodyweight, improve the short-chain fatty acid caecal profile and increase the villus length : crypt depth ratio in the jejunal mucosa. These effects were more pronounced in the Syn-1 group than the Syn-2 group.
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Gostomska-Pampuch K, Ostrowska A, Kuropka P, Dobrzyński M, Ziółkowski P, Kowalczyk A, Łukaszewicz E, Gamian A, Całkosiński I. Protective effects of levamisole, acetylsalicylic acid, and α-tocopherol against dioxin toxicity measured as the expression of AhR and COX-2 in a chicken embryo model. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 147:523-536. [PMID: 27942866 PMCID: PMC5359382 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (dioxins) are classed as persistent organic pollutants and have adverse effects on multiple functions within the body. Dioxins are known carcinogens, immunotoxins, and teratogens. Dioxins are transformed in vivo, and interactions between the products and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) lead to the formation of proinflammatory and toxic metabolites. The aim of this study was to determine whether α-tocopherol (vitamin E), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and levamisole can decrease the amount of damage caused by dioxins. Fertile Hubbard Flex commercial line chicken eggs were injected with solutions containing 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or containing TCDD and the test compounds. The chicken embryos and organs were analyzed after 7 and 13 days. The levels at which AhR and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins (which are induced during inflammation) were expressed were evaluated by performing immunohistochemical analyses on embryos treated with TCDD alone or with TCDD and the test compounds. TCDD caused developmental disorders and increased AhR and COX-2 expression in the chicken embryo tissues. Vitamin E, levamisole, ASA, and ASA plus vitamin E inhibited AhR and COX-2 expression in embryos after 7 days and decreased AhR and COX-2 expression in embryos after 13 days. ASA, levamisole, and ASA plus vitamin E weakened the immune response and prevented multiple organ changes. Vitamin E was not fully protective against developmental changes in the embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Gostomska-Pampuch
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Alicja Ostrowska
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicology and Environmental Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Bartla 5, 51-618, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuropka
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maciej Dobrzyński
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Pedodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Ziółkowski
- Department of Pathomorphology, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Artur Kowalczyk
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 10, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland.,Wroclaw Research Centre EIT+, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Całkosiński
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicology and Environmental Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Bartla 5, 51-618, Wrocław, Poland
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Klećkowska-Nawrot J, Goździewska-Harłajczuk K, Kowalczyk A, Łukaszewicz E, Nowaczyk R. Structural Differences of the Harderian Gland between Common Pheasants (Phasianus Colchicus Talischensis) and Hybrids of Italian Amber and Common Pheasants. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2015-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A Kowalczyk
- University of Environmental and Life Sciences in Wroclaw, Poland
| | - E Łukaszewicz
- University of Environmental and Life Sciences in Wroclaw, Poland
| | - R Nowaczyk
- University of Environmental and Life Sciences in Wroclaw, Poland
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Klećkowska-Nawrot J, Goździewska-Harłajczuk K, Kowalczyk A, Łukaszewicz E, Nowaczyk R. Histological, histochemical and ultrastructural studies on Harderian and lacrimal glands of the Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus major L.). Acta Biol Hung 2016; 67:27-41. [PMID: 26960354 DOI: 10.1556/018.67.2016.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the macroscopic anatomy and the microscopic and ultrastructural features of the Harderian gland and lacrimal gland of the Capercaillies. It was conducted both on adult male and female Capercaillies. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, azan trichrome, modified Mallory's trichrome, methyl green-pyronin Y, periodic acid-Schiff, alcian blue pH 2.5, aldehyde fuchsin and Hale's dialysed iron. The morphometric study of the Harderian and lacrimal glands indicated that they are both larger in male than in female Capercaillies. The histological analysis showed that the HG has a multilobar tubulo-alveolar structure with numerous lymphocytes and plasma cells. The LG has a multilobar tubulo-acinar structure without lymphocytes and plasma cells. The periodic acid-Schiff staining and alcian blue pH 2.5 staining demonstrated a mild positive reaction in the epithelial cells of the Harderian gland and weak positive reaction in the lacrimal gland. The HDI staining detected the presence of carboxylated acid mucopolysaccharides in the Harderian and lacrimal glands. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of two types of secretory vesicles in the cytoplasm of both studied glands. It also showed that lipid droplets and glycogen granules were more abundant in the Harderian gland than in the lacrimal gland of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Klećkowska-Nawrot
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Kozuchowska 1/3, 51-631 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Karolina Goździewska-Harłajczuk
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Kozuchowska 1/3, 51-631 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Artur Kowalczyk
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Chelmonskiego 38C, 51-631 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Chelmonskiego 38C, 51-631 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Renata Nowaczyk
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Kozuchowska 1/3, 51-631 Wroclaw , Poland
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Strzała T, Kowalczyk A, Łukaszewicz E. Reintroduction of the European Capercaillie from the Capercaillie Breeding Centre in Wisła Forest District: Genetic Assessments of Captive and Reintroduced Populations. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145433. [PMID: 26682897 PMCID: PMC4684292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) is a specific bird species, which, despite its very broad distribution and large global population size, is highly endangered in many Western and Central European countries. According to the species situation, in many countries (including Poland), breeding and reintroduction programmes have been started. One of the most complex and large-scale reintroduction programmes was started in Bory Dolnośląskie Forest, and the Capercaillie Breeding Centre in Wisła Forest District was used as one of the sources of individuals for reintroduction. As genetic tools provide essential knowledge about species biodiversity, which is crucially important during the breeding process and reintroduction, both captive and reintroduced grouse populations were genetically analysed. We were particularly interested in genetic diversity of the individuals in both populations and the genetic relationship between them, as well as between them and other capercaillie representatives from their current range. To fulfil these goals we determined nine microsatellite loci along with a fragment of the mitochondrial control region. Genetic diversity parameters were moderate to high compared to populations from other Central and Western European countries. Both populations were clustered into three distinct genetic clades based on microsatellites. Phylogenetic analysis placed all mitochondrial haplotypes we revealed in the Eurasian clade. The present results will play an important role as they will help to preserve and maximize genetic diversity in captive populations, and will provide a basis for future monitoring of the reintroduction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Strzała
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Artur Kowalczyk
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Klećkowska-Nawrot J, Nowaczyk R, Goździewska-Harłajczuk K, Barszcz K, Kowalczyk A, Łukaszewicz E. Light and electron microscopic study of the eyelids, conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue and lacrimal gland in Bilgorajska Goose (Anser anser). Anat Sci Int 2015; 91:74-88. [PMID: 25673221 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-015-0274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Normal structure of the accessory organs of the eye is essential for normal eye physiology. Among the most important accessory organs of the eye are the eyelids, the conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) and the lacrimal gland (LG). The aim of this study was to demonstrate the histological structure of the eyelids and LG by histochemical and ultrastructural analysis. The study was performed on 13 adult female Bilgorajska geese. Eyelid samples were stained with the Alcian blue (AB pH 2.5) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) methods. Staining methods used for LG were AB pH 2.5, aldehyde fuchsin (AF), PAS and Hale's dialysed iron (HDI). Within the connective tissue of the eyelids, well-developed, diffuse, CALT follicles were observed, mostly under the conjunctival epithelium. Numerous lymphocytes were present within loose connective tissue. Staining of the eyelids with the PAS method demonstrated the presence of goblet cells of a mucous nature, and AB pH 2.5 staining indicated the presence of sulfated acid mucopolysaccharides. PAS staining of LG revealed the presence of secretory cells containing weakly PAS-positive granules. All epithelial cells of the corpus glandulae and the duct systems reacted positively to AB pH 2.5. HDI staining detected the presence of carboxylated acid mucopolysaccharides. Transmission electron microscopy investigations revealed two types of secretory epithelial cells in LG. Both types of LG cells contained drop-like secretory vesicles of different sizes with low or high electron density in cytoplasm, as well as small and large lipid vacuoles, and numerous small primary lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Klećkowska-Nawrot
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kozuchowska 1/3, 51-631, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Renata Nowaczyk
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kozuchowska 1/3, 51-631, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karolina Goździewska-Harłajczuk
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kozuchowska 1/3, 51-631, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Karolina Barszcz
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Kowalczyk
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 38a, 51-631, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 38a, 51-631, Wrocław, Poland
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Abstract
A continuous decline in the number and range of capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus L.) in many European countries can be observed, mostly due to habitat destruction by human activity, unecological forestry management, and increased density of natural predators. Ex situ in vitro gene banks provide a unique opportunity to preserve the genetic material for future generations. Simple and effective cryopreservation methods for capercaillie semen are discussed. Semen was collected from seven males kept in the Capercaillie Breeding Centre at Forestry Wisła in Poland. Within five minutes after collection, ejaculates were diluted with EK diluent, then divided into two parts, and subjected to two freezing procedures: in pellets and in straws. In fresh semen, ejaculate clearness, viscosity, color and volume, as well as sperm concentration, motility and morphology, were evaluated, while in frozen-thawed semen only motility and morphology of sperm were determined. Fertilizing ability of thawed semen was examined for samples frozen in straws. Significant (P<0.05) differences between individual males were found in relation to the majority of fresh semen traits: ejaculate volume averaged 102.1 µL (varying from 49.0 to 205.0); average sperm concentration was 632.5 x106 mL-1 (178.8–1257.1); percentage of live normal cells varied from 39.2 to 70.3% (58.7% on an average); percentage of motile cells ranged from 76.0 to 85.7%) and motility parameters were male dependent, as well. Both cryopreservation methods had a negative effect on morphology and motility of frozen-thawed semen; however, the straw method yielded 60.7% and the pellet method 42.5% of live cells in total in thawed semen (P<0.05), while the number of live normal (intact) cells was similar (22.4 and 22.2%, respectively). Egg fertility varied between 77.8 and 91.7% (average 84.4%). Both freezing procedures seem to be effective in obtaining acceptable viability and high fertilizing potency of thawed sperm and can be used to create a gene bank of capercaillie semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Kowalczyk
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Division of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Partyka A, Niżański W, Bajzert J, Łukaszewicz E, Ochota M. The effect of cysteine and superoxide dismutase on the quality of post-thawed chicken sperm. Cryobiology 2013; 67:132-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Łukaszewicz E, Kupińska A, Majewski P. Mechanism of Formation of Aromatic Vinylphosphonium Salts via the Peterson Olefination. Heteroatom Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Technical University of Łódź; Żeromskiego 116; 90-924 Łódź; Poland
| | - Anna Kupińska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Technical University of Łódź; Żeromskiego 116; 90-924 Łódź; Poland
| | - Piotr Majewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Technical University of Łódź; Żeromskiego 116; 90-924 Łódź; Poland
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Kowalczyk A, Łukaszewicz E, Adamski M, Kuźniacka J. Carcass composition and meat characteristics of Pekin ducks in relation to age at slaughter and level of maize distiller’s dried grains with solubles
in diets. J Anim Feed Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/66060/2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kowalczyk A, Łukaszewicz E. The possibility of obtaining intergeneric hybrids via White Kołuda (Anser anser L.) goose insemination with fresh and frozen-thawed Canada goose (Branta canadensis L.) gander semen. Theriogenology 2012; 77:507-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rybnik P, Horbańczuk J, Łukaszewicz E, Malecki I. The ostrich (Struthio camelus) ejaculate – effects of the method of collection, male age, month of the season, and daily frequency. Br Poult Sci 2012; 53:134-40. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2011.643223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Łukaszewicz E, Kowalczyk A, Adamski M, Kuźniacka J. Growth parameters and meat quality of Pekin ducks fed on different level of dried distillers grains with solubles. Arch Anim Breed 2011. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-54-557-2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. The experiment was carried out on 160 commercial Pekin ducks, strain P55. At the day of hatching birds were sexed, marked individually, weighed and divided randomly into four equal groups (four sup-groups, each). From Day 1 to Day 21 all birds received the same commercial feed, while from 4th to 8th week of rearing were fed in the following feeding groups: control, fed with commercial feed and experimental: with 15 %, 25 % and 30 % inclusion of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). At 8th week of rearing from every group five males and five females were selected semi-randomly, slaughtered conventionally and slaughter yield, carcass composition and physicochemical meat characteristics were evaluated. Results from this study showed that Pekin ducks can be fed on diets containing up to 25 % DDGS without any significant decrease in slaughter yield, muscles contents and breast meat quality. Higher DDGS level (30 %) caused significant (P<0.05) decrease in final body weight and slaughter yield of females, however, the percentage of skin with subcutaneous fat and abdominal fat contents were lower (P<0.05).
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Partyka A, Łukaszewicz E, Niżański W. Flow cytometric assessment of fresh and frozen-thawed Canada goose (Branta canadensis) semen. Theriogenology 2011; 76:843-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Partyka A, Niżański W, Łukaszewicz E. Evaluation of fresh and frozen-thawed fowl semen by flow cytometry. Theriogenology 2010; 74:1019-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kruszynski R, Trzesowska-Kruszynska A, Majewski P, Łukaszewicz E, Majewska K, Sierański T, Lewiński B. Structure and properties of the sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 2-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)aminobenzoic acid. J Mol Struct 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Łukaszewicz E, Adamski M, Kowalczyk A. Correlations between body measurements and tissue composition of oat-fattened White Kołuda® geese at 17 weeks of age. Br Poult Sci 2008; 49:21-7. [DOI: 10.1080/00071660701821683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Chełmońska B, Łukaszewicz E, Kowalczyk A, Jerysz A. The effect of DMA level on morphology and fertilising ability of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2006; 65:451-8. [PMID: 16188306 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2005] [Revised: 06/01/2005] [Accepted: 06/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of different levels (2, 4 or 6%) of DMA (dimethylacetamide) on the morphology and fertilising ability of unfrozen quail spermatozoa was evaluated. Semen was collected from 72 males kept individually in cages and randomly divided into four groups: Group I--control -- fresh undiluted semen (12 males) and three experimental groups (20 males each) - semen diluted 1:1 with Lake's extender and supplemented with 2% (Group II), 4% (Group III) or 6% (Group IV) of DMA (final concentration). Sperm morphology was evaluated at each step of semen preparation, i.e. in fresh and diluted semen, semen supplemented with DMA and semen that remained after insemination. For fertility tests, 36 females were divided into four groups (nine females each). Females in the control group were inseminated with 10 microl of fresh semen, in the experimental groups with 40 microl of diluted semen. Each stage of quail semen treatment had a deleterious effect on sperm morphology. The highest percentage of morphologically normal cells in semen evaluated after insemination, was observed in samples with 2% DMA, and the lowest--in samples with 6% DMA. Semen dilution and DMA addition significantly affected the fertilising potency of spermatozoa. Fertility of eggs collected from the control group (71.5% on average) was significantly higher (P<or=0.01) compared to experimental groups (Group II: 2.3%; Group III: 3.9%; Group IV: 2.8%). However, differences between the experimental groups were not significant (P<or=0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronisława Chełmońska
- Department of Poultry Breeding, Agricultural University of Wrocław, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
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Łukaszewicz E. Characteristics of fresh gander semen and its susceptibility to cryopreservation in six generations derived from geese inseminated with frozen-thawed semen. Cryo Letters 2006; 27:51-8. [PMID: 16691309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The paper summarises seven years experiments designed to determine the effect of continuous insemination with frozen-thawed semen on fresh semen quality and sperm susceptibility to freezing stress in succeeding generations. During course of experiments, semen was collected from 10-12 White Koluda ganders at the age of 8-9 months, then subjected to freezing and used after thawing for insemination of 10 geese in order to obtain the subsequent generation of males. Semen was diluted 1 to 0.5 (v/v) with EK diluent, equilibrated for 15 min at +4 degrees C, mixed with 6 percent (v/v) of dimethyl-formamide (DMF), frozen to temp. -140 degrees C at a rate 60 degree C per min and then transferred into liquid nitrogen container. Semen samples were thawed prior to insemination in a 60 degree C water-bath. It is difficult to conclude whether freezing stress affected the fresh semen quality, since average volume of SQF (index comprising ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and percentage of live normal cells) varied between generations from 19.3 to 56.2. Continuous goose reproduction by insemination with frozen-thawed semen resulted in significant increase (P less than 0.01) in spermatozoa resistance to cryoinjury in every subsequent generation. In the relation to adequate fresh semen the percentage of live morphologically intact spermatozoa which withstood freezing procedure increased from 27.2 in first generation to 74.4 in sixth generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Poultry Breeding, Agricultural University of Wroclaw, Chelmonskiego, Poland.
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Falandysz J, Nose K, Ishikawa Y, Łukaszewicz E, Yamashita N, Noma Y. HRGC/HRMS analysis of chloronaphthalenes in several batches of Halowax 1000, 1001, 1013, 1014 and 1099. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2006; 41:2237-55. [PMID: 17018410 DOI: 10.1080/10934520600872748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Chloronaphthalene (CN) congeners and homologue groups have been quantified in up to three batches of several types of technical CN formulations of the Halowax series (Halowax 1031, 1000, 1001, 1013, 1014 and 1099), to elucidate possible batch-to-batch compositional variations. Using isotope dilution and HRGC/HRMS a relatively large variation in CN congeners and homologues composition among the batches of particular types of the Halowax formulations could be noted, and also when compared to the composition declared by the manufacturer. Depending on the type of the Halowax formulation and its batch in total up to 54 peaks from chloronaphthalenes (Agilent Ultra 2 liquid phase), which represented 70 of 75 CN congeners theoretically possible, could be found in these mixtures. These congeners represented all CN homologue groups from mono- to octaCN but some co-eluted. A co-eluting congeners were such as: 1,4-/1,6- (nos. 5/7), 1,5-/2,7- (nos. 6/12), 2,6-1,7- (nos. 11/8) of diCNs; 1,3,6-/1,3,5- (nos. 20/19), 1,3,7-/1,4,6- (nos. 23/24), 1,6,7-/2,3,6- (nos. 25/26) of triCNs; 1,2,5,7-/1,2,4,6-/1,2,4,7- (nos. 37/33/34), 1,3,6,8-/1,2,5,6- (nos. 45/36), 1,2,3,5-/1,3,5,8- (nos. 28/43), 1,2,3,4-/1,2,3,7- (nos. 27/30), 1,2,5,8-/1,2,6,8- (nos. 38/40) of tetraCNs; 1,2,3,5,7-/1,2,4,6,7- (nos. 52/60), 1,2,3,5,8-/1,2,3,6,8- (nos. 53/55) of pentaCNs; 1,2,3,4,6,7-/1,2,3,5,6,7- (nos. 66/67), 1,2,3,4,5,7-/1,2,3,5,6,8- (64/68) and 1,2,4,5,6,8-/1,2,4,5,7,8- (nos. 71/72) of hexaCNs. Absent in the Halowaxes were CN congeners such as 1,3,8-triCN (no. 22) (<0.0002 mg/g), 1,3,6,7-tetraCN (no. 44), 1,2,3,6-TetraCN (no. 29), 1,2,3,6,7-pentaCN (no. 54) and 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexaCN (no. 70) (<0.0005 mg/g).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Falandysz
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan.
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Łukaszewicz E, Chrzanowska M, Jerysz A, Chełmońska B. Attempts on freezing the Greylag (Anser anser L.) gander semen. Anim Reprod Sci 2004; 80:163-73. [PMID: 15036525 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4320(03)00119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2002] [Revised: 05/13/2003] [Accepted: 05/13/2003] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Semen of Greylag (Anser anser L.) ganders was frozen according to a method previously elaborated by the authors for freezing the White Koluda gander semen. Semen was collected from five to eight Greylag ganders, twice a week during three succeeding reproductive cycles, by dorso-abdominal massage. Semen samples were diluted in the ratio of 1:1 or 2:1 (two parts semen: one part diluent) with EK diluent, supplemented by 6% DMF, equilibrated and pre-frozen to -140 degrees C at a rate 60 degrees C/min, before being transferred into liquid nitrogen container. Semen samples thawed in a water bath of 60 degrees C were used for twice a week insemination in a volume of 200 microl. Three Greylag and three White Koluda geese were involved in frozen-thawed semen fertilizing ability test. The reproductive cycle of wild geese lasts usually about 6-7 weeks. The ejaculate volume (30-140 microl) and sperm concentration (10x10(6) to 150x10(6) ml(-1)) are much lower than these of domestic ganders, but spermatozoa morphology is similar, particularly while compared to 1-year-old White Koluda ganders semen. There are about 90% of live spermatozoa and about 30% of live morphologically normal cells in Greylag gander fresh semen. The Greylag gander spermatozoa susceptibility to cryopreservation procedure is as high as in domestic ganders. Dilution ratio 2:1 resulted in higher number of live spermatozoa, which withstood cryoinjury stress. In relation to fresh semen about 60% of spermatozoa remained intact (on the basis of light microscope examination) in the frozen-thawed semen. Insemination of frozen-thawed semen resulted in 37.5% of fertile eggs in Greylag and 25.0% in White Koluda geese. Low fertility rate was caused by an insufficient number of live normal spermatozoa used for insemination (about three million in every dose).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Łukaszewicz
- Department of Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Agricultural University of Wrocław, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
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Abstract
Individual differences in gander Anser anser L. reaction to semen collection procedure, quality and quantity of fresh semen and its susceptibility to the freezing process are discussed. Semen was collected individually by dorso-abdominal massage, from 1-year old White Koluda ganders (n = 12) every 2-3 days. Ganders' reactions to massage were observed during the entire reproductive cycle (from 11 February to 13 June, from every male 40 semen collections were performed). For individual evaluation and freezing purpose semen was collected 13 times from every male. In the fresh semen, the following parameters were evaluated: ejaculate volume, color, density, blood or fecal contamination, motility, concentration and morphology of spermatozoa. Motility and spermatozoa morphology were evaluated in the frozen-thawed semen. Semen diluted in 2:1 ratio with EK diluent was frozen with 6% of dimethyl-formamide (DMF) to -140 degrees C at a rate 60 degrees C/min. Semen was thawed by placing the straws in a 60 degrees C water-bath for 4-5 s. Ten out of 12 ganders had from 67.5 to 100.0% positive reactions resulting in semen ejaculation. Significant (P < or = 0.01) differences in fresh semen quality of particular ganders were observed for all evaluated traits. In 1-year-old gander semen morphologically intact spermatozoa constitute only 27.8-45.2% of all cells. Therefore, the sperm quality factor (SQF), proposed by the authors, which includes ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and the percentage of live normal spermatozoa, seems to be a good predictor of gander semen fertilizing ability. The SQF of individual ganders varied from 7.7 to 11.5. The percentage of live normal spermatozoa in the frozen-thawed semen depended mainly on fresh semen quality. In relation to the fresh semen average from 57.2 to 63.2% of spermatozoa survived freezing process and from 23.9 to 38.5% remained morphologically intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Poultry Breeding Department, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Wroclaw, Poland.
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