1
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Picas L, André-Arpin C, Comunale F, Bousquet H, Tsai FC, Rico F, Maiuri P, Pernier J, Bodin S, Nicot AS, Laporte J, Bassereau P, Goud B, Gauthier-Rouvière C, Miserey S. BIN1 regulates actin-membrane interactions during IRSp53-dependent filopodia formation. Commun Biol 2024; 7:549. [PMID: 38724689 PMCID: PMC11082164 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Amphiphysin 2 (BIN1) is a membrane and actin remodeling protein mutated in congenital and adult centronuclear myopathies. Here, we report an unexpected function of this N-BAR domain protein BIN1 in filopodia formation. We demonstrated that BIN1 expression is necessary and sufficient to induce filopodia formation. BIN1 is present at the base of forming filopodia and all along filopodia, where it colocalizes with F-actin. We identify that BIN1-mediated filopodia formation requires IRSp53, which allows its localization at negatively-curved membrane topologies. Our results show that BIN1 bundles actin in vitro. Finally, we identify that BIN1 regulates the membrane-to-cortex architecture and functions as a molecular platform to recruit actin-binding proteins, dynamin and ezrin, to promote filopodia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Picas
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, Montpellier, France.
| | - Charlotte André-Arpin
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Comunale
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, France
| | - Hugo Bousquet
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Feng-Ching Tsai
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 168, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Félix Rico
- Aix-Marseille Université, U1325 INSERM, DyNaMo, Turing center for living systems, Marseille, France
| | - Paolo Maiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Julien Pernier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphane Bodin
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Nicot
- Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Department of Translational Medicine, IGBMC, U1258, UMR7104 Strasbourg University, Collège de France, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Bruno Goud
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Miserey
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
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2
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Bonnet M, Roche F, Fagotto-Kaufmann C, Gazdagh G, Truong I, Comunale F, Barbosa S, Bonhomme M, Nafati N, Hunt D, Rodriguez MP, Chaudhry A, Shears D, Madruga M, Vansenne F, Curie A, Kajava AV, Baralle D, Fassier C, Debant A, Schmidt S. Pathogenic TRIO variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorders perturb the molecular regulation of TRIO and axon pathfinding in vivo. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1527-1544. [PMID: 36717740 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The RhoGEF TRIO is known to play a major role in neuronal development by controlling actin cytoskeleton remodeling, primarily through the activation of the RAC1 GTPase. Numerous de novo mutations in the TRIO gene have been identified in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). We have previously established the first phenotype/genotype correlation in TRIO-associated diseases, with striking correlation between the clinical features of the individuals and the opposite modulation of RAC1 activity by TRIO variants targeting different domains. The mutations hyperactivating RAC1 are of particular interest, as they are recurrently found in patients and are associated with a severe form of NDD and macrocephaly, indicating their importance in the etiology of the disease. Yet, it remains unknown how these pathogenic TRIO variants disrupt TRIO activity at a molecular level and how they affect neurodevelopmental processes such as axon outgrowth or guidance. Here we report an additional cohort of individuals carrying a pathogenic TRIO variant that reinforces our initial phenotype/genotype correlation. More importantly, by performing conformation predictions coupled to biochemical validation, we propose a model whereby TRIO is inhibited by an intramolecular fold and NDD-associated variants relieve this inhibition, leading to RAC1 hyperactivation. Moreover, we show that in cultured primary neurons and in the zebrafish developmental model, these gain-of-function variants differentially affect axon outgrowth and branching in vitro and in vivo, as compared to loss-of-function TRIO variants. In summary, by combining clinical, molecular, cellular and in vivo data, we provide compelling new evidence for the pathogenicity of novel genetic variants targeting the TRIO gene in NDDs. We report a novel mechanism whereby the fine-tuned regulation of TRIO activity is critical for proper neuronal development and is disrupted by pathogenic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Bonnet
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Fiona Roche
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne University, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Christine Fagotto-Kaufmann
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Gabriella Gazdagh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK.,Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK
| | - Iona Truong
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Comunale
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Sonia Barbosa
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Bonhomme
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Nafati
- Montpellier Ressources Imagerie, BioCampus, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - David Hunt
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK
| | | | - Ayeshah Chaudhry
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deborah Shears
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Marcos Madruga
- Hospital Viamed Santa Ángela De la Cruz, Sevilla, 41014, Spain
| | - Fleur Vansenne
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Center, Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aurore Curie
- Reference Center for Intellectual Disability from rare causes, Department of Child Neurology, Woman Mother and Child Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Université de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Andrey V Kajava
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Diana Baralle
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK
| | - Coralie Fassier
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne University, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Anne Debant
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Susanne Schmidt
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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3
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Genest M, Comunale F, Planchon D, Govindin P, Noly D, Vacher S, Bièche I, Robert B, Malhotra H, Schoenit A, Tashireva LA, Casas J, Gauthier-Rouvière C, Bodin S. Upregulated flotillins and sphingosine kinase 2 derail AXL vesicular traffic to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274986. [PMID: 35394045 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered endocytosis and vesicular trafficking are major players during tumorigenesis. Flotillin overexpression, a feature observed in many invasive tumors and identified as a marker of poor prognosis, induces a deregulated endocytic and trafficking pathway called upregulated flotillin-induced trafficking (UFIT). Here, we found that in non-tumoral mammary epithelial cells, induction of the UFIT pathway promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and accelerates the endocytosis of several transmembrane receptors, including AXL, in flotillin-positive late endosomes. AXL overexpression, frequently observed in cancer cells, is linked to EMT and metastasis formation. In flotillin-overexpressing non-tumoral mammary epithelial cells and in invasive breast carcinoma cells, we found that the UFIT pathway-mediated AXL endocytosis allows its stabilization and depends on sphingosine kinase 2, a lipid kinase recruited in flotillin-rich plasma membrane domains and endosomes. Thus, the deregulation of vesicular trafficking following flotillin upregulation, and through sphingosine kinase 2, emerges as a new mechanism of AXL overexpression and EMT-inducing signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Genest
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Comunale
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Planchon
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Govindin
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Dune Noly
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Bruno Robert
- IRCM, Campus Val d'Aurelle, 208 avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Himanshu Malhotra
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Andreas Schoenit
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Liubov A Tashireva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain.,Liver and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBER-EHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Stéphane Bodin
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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4
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Le Borgne-Rochet M, Angevin L, Bazellières E, Ordas L, Comunale F, Denisov EV, Tashireva LA, Perelmuter VM, Bièche I, Vacher S, Plutoni C, Seveno M, Bodin S, Gauthier-Rouvière C. P-cadherin-induced decorin secretion is required for collagen fiber alignment and directional collective cell migration. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.233189. [PMID: 31604795 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.233189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Directional collective cell migration (DCCM) is crucial for morphogenesis and cancer metastasis. P-cadherin (also known as CDH3), which is a cell-cell adhesion protein expressed in carcinoma and aggressive sarcoma cells and associated with poor prognosis, is a major DCCM regulator. However, it is unclear how P-cadherin-mediated mechanical coupling between migrating cells influences force transmission to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we found that decorin, a small proteoglycan that binds to and organizes collagen fibers, is specifically expressed and secreted upon P-cadherin, but not E- and R-cadherin (also known as CDH1 and CDH4, respectively) expression. Through cell biological and biophysical approaches, we demonstrated that decorin is required for P-cadherin-mediated DCCM and collagen fiber orientation in the migration direction in 2D and 3D matrices. Moreover, P-cadherin, through decorin-mediated collagen fiber reorientation, promotes the activation of β1 integrin and of the β-Pix (ARHGEF7)/CDC42 axis, which increases traction forces, allowing DCCM. Our results identify a novel P-cadherin-mediated mechanism to promote DCCM through ECM remodeling and ECM-guided cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïlys Le Borgne-Rochet
- CRBM, Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 34000 Montpellier, France Montpellier University, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Lucie Angevin
- CRBM, Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 34000 Montpellier, France Montpellier University, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Elsa Bazellières
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), case 907, 13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - Laura Ordas
- CRBM, Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 34000 Montpellier, France Montpellier University, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Comunale
- CRBM, Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 34000 Montpellier, France Montpellier University, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Evgeny V Denisov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.,Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Lubov A Tashireva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir M Perelmuter
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cédric Plutoni
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martial Seveno
- BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Bodin
- CRBM, Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 34000 Montpellier, France Montpellier University, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Gauthier-Rouvière
- CRBM, Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 34000 Montpellier, France Montpellier University, 34000 Montpellier, France
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5
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Planchon D, Rios Morris E, Genest M, Comunale F, Vacher S, Bièche I, Denisov EV, Tashireva LA, Perelmuter VM, Linder S, Chavrier P, Bodin S, Gauthier-Rouvière C. MT1-MMP targeting to endolysosomes is mediated by upregulation of flotillins. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.218925. [PMID: 30111578 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.218925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell invasion and metastasis formation are the major cause of death in cancer patients. These processes rely on extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation mediated by organelles termed invadopodia, to which the transmembrane matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP (also known as MMP14) is delivered from its reservoir, the RAB7-containing endolysosomes. How MT1-MMP is targeted to endolysosomes remains to be elucidated. Flotillin-1 and -2 are upregulated in many invasive cancers. Here, we show that flotillin upregulation triggers a general mechanism, common to carcinoma and sarcoma, which promotes RAB5-dependent MT1-MMP endocytosis and its delivery to RAB7-positive endolysosomal reservoirs. Conversely, flotillin knockdown in invasive cancer cells greatly reduces MT1-MMP accumulation in endolysosomes, its subsequent exocytosis at invadopodia, ECM degradation and cell invasion. Our results demonstrate that flotillin upregulation is necessary and sufficient to promote epithelial and mesenchymal cancer cell invasion and ECM degradation by controlling MT1-MMP endocytosis and delivery to the endolysosomal recycling compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Planchon
- CRBM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, France, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Eduardo Rios Morris
- CRBM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, France, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Mallory Genest
- CRBM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, France, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Comunale
- CRBM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, France, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Evgeny V Denisov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk 634050, Russia.,Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Lubov A Tashireva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Vladimir M Perelmuter
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Cell Dynamics and Compartmentalization Unit, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Bodin
- CRBM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, France, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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6
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Morris EAR, Bodin S, Delaval B, Comunale F, Georget V, Costa ML, Lutfalla G, Gauthier-Rouvière C. Flotillins control zebrafish epiboly through their role in cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Biol Cell 2017; 109:210-221. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201700001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A. Rios Morris
- CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer; Montpellier 34293 France
- MRI-CRBM Imaging facility, CNRS, UMR 5237; Université de Montpellier; Montpellier 34293 France
- Laboratório de Diferenciação Muscular e Citoesqueleto; Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ 21949-590 Brazil
| | - Stéphane Bodin
- CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer; Montpellier 34293 France
| | - Bénédicte Delaval
- CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer; Montpellier 34293 France
| | - Franck Comunale
- CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer; Montpellier 34293 France
| | - Virginie Georget
- CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer; Montpellier 34293 France
- MRI-CRBM Imaging facility, CNRS, UMR 5237; Université de Montpellier; Montpellier 34293 France
| | - Manoel L. Costa
- Laboratório de Diferenciação Muscular e Citoesqueleto; Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ 21949-590 Brazil
| | - Georges Lutfalla
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques; Université de Montpellier II et I; CNRS, UMR 5235 Montpellier 34095 France
| | - Cécile Gauthier-Rouvière
- CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer; Montpellier 34293 France
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7
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Plutoni C, Bazellieres E, Le Borgne-Rochet M, Comunale F, Brugues A, Séveno M, Planchon D, Thuault S, Morin N, Bodin S, Trepat X, Gauthier-Rouvière C. P-cadherin promotes collective cell migration via a Cdc42-mediated increase in mechanical forces. J Cell Biol 2016; 212:199-217. [PMID: 26783302 PMCID: PMC4738379 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201505105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
P-cadherin induces polarization and collective cell migration through an increase in the strength and anisotropy of mechanical forces, which is mediated by the P-cadherin/β-PIX/Cdc42 axis. Collective cell migration (CCM) is essential for organism development, wound healing, and metastatic transition, the primary cause of cancer-related death, and it involves cell–cell adhesion molecules of the cadherin family. Increased P-cadherin expression levels are correlated with tumor aggressiveness in carcinoma and aggressive sarcoma; however, how P-cadherin promotes tumor malignancy remains unknown. Here, using integrated cell biology and biophysical approaches, we determined that P-cadherin specifically induces polarization and CCM through an increase in the strength and anisotropy of mechanical forces. We show that this mechanical regulation is mediated by the P-cadherin/β-PIX/Cdc42 axis; P-cadherin specifically activates Cdc42 through β-PIX, which is specifically recruited at cell–cell contacts upon CCM. This mechanism of cell polarization and migration is absent in cells expressing E- or R-cadherin. Thus, we identify a specific role of P-cadherin through β-PIX–mediated Cdc42 activation in the regulation of cell polarity and force anisotropy that drives CCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Plutoni
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, Universités Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Elsa Bazellieres
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maïlys Le Borgne-Rochet
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, Universités Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Comunale
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, Universités Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Agusti Brugues
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martial Séveno
- Functional Proteomics Platform, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5203, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1191, Universités Montpellier, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Planchon
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, Universités Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Thuault
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, Universités Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Morin
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, Universités Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Bodin
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, Universités Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cécile Gauthier-Rouvière
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, Universités Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
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8
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Thuault S, Comunale F, Hasna J, Fortier M, Planchon D, Elarouci N, De Reynies A, Bodin S, Blangy A, Gauthier-Rouvière C. The RhoE/ROCK/ARHGAP25 signaling pathway controls cell invasion by inhibition of Rac activity. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:2653-61. [PMID: 27413008 PMCID: PMC5007086 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-01-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of skeletal muscle origin in children and adolescents. Among RMS subtypes, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS), which is characterized by the presence of the PAX3-FOXO1A or PAX7-FOXO1A chimeric oncogenic transcription factor, is associated with poor prognosis and a strong risk of metastasis compared with the embryonal subtype (ERMS). To identify molecular pathways involved in ARMS aggressiveness, we first characterized the migratory behavior of cell lines derived from ARMS and ERMS biopsies using a three-dimensional spheroid cell invasion assay. ARMS cells were more invasive than ERMS cells and adopted an ellipsoidal morphology to efficiently invade the extracellular matrix. Moreover, the invasive potential of ARMS cells depended on ROCK activity, which is regulated by the GTPase RhoE. Specifically, RhoE expression was low in ARMS biopsies, and its overexpression in ARMS cells reduced their invasion potential. Conversely, ARHGAP25, a GTPase-activating protein for Rac, was up-regulated in ARMS biopsies. Moreover, we found that ARHGAP25 inhibits Rac activity downstream of ROCKII and is required for ARMS cell invasion. Our results indicate that the RhoE/ROCK/ARHGAP25 signaling pathway promotes ARMS invasive potential and identify these proteins as potential therapeutic targets for ARMS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Thuault
- Université de Montpellier, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Comunale
- Université de Montpellier, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Jessy Hasna
- Université de Montpellier, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Fortier
- Université de Montpellier, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Planchon
- Université de Montpellier, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Nabila Elarouci
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Aurélien De Reynies
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Bodin
- Université de Montpellier, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Blangy
- Université de Montpellier, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
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Bodin S, Planchon D, Rios Morris E, Comunale F, Gauthier-Rouvière C. Flotillins in intercellular adhesion - from cellular physiology to human diseases. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:5139-47. [PMID: 25413346 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.159764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Flotillin 1 and 2 are ubiquitous and highly conserved proteins. They were initially discovered in 1997 as being associated with specific caveolin-independent cholesterol- and glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane microdomains and as being expressed during axon regeneration. Flotillins have a role in a large number of physiopathological processes, mainly through their function in membrane receptor clustering and in the regulation of clathrin-independent endocytosis. In this Commentary, we summarize the research performed so far on the role of flotillins in cell-cell adhesion. Recent studies have demonstrated that flotillins directly regulate the formation of cadherin complexes. Indeed, flotillin microdomains are required for the dynamic association and stabilization of cadherins at cell-cell junctions and also for cadherin signaling. Moreover, because flotillins regulate endocytosis and also the actin cytoskeleton, they could have an indirect role in the assembly and stabilization of cadherin complexes. Because it has also recently been shown that flotillins are overexpressed during neurodegenerative diseases and in human cancers, where their upregulation is associated with metastasis formation and poor prognosis, understanding to what extent flotillin upregulation participates in the development of such pathologies is thus of particular interest, as well as how, at the molecular level, it might affect cell adhesion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bodin
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Universités Montpellier 2 et 1, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Planchon
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Universités Montpellier 2 et 1, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Eduardo Rios Morris
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Universités Montpellier 2 et 1, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Comunale
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Universités Montpellier 2 et 1, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Gauthier-Rouvière
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Universités Montpellier 2 et 1, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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Guillaume E, Comunale F, Do Khoa N, Planchon D, Bodin S, Gauthier-Rouvière C. Flotillin microdomains stabilize cadherins at cell-cell junctions. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:5293-304. [PMID: 24046456 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.133975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherins are essential in many fundamental processes and assemble at regions of cell-cell contact in large macromolecular complexes named adherens junctions. We have identified flotillin 1 and 2 as new partners of the cadherin complexes. We show that flotillins are localised at cell-cell junctions (CCJs) in a cadherin-dependent manner. Flotillins and cadherins are constitutively associated at the plasma membrane and their colocalisation at CCJ increases with CCJ maturation. Using three-dimensional structured illumination super-resolution microscopy, we found that cadherin and flotillin complexes are associated with F-actin bundles at CCJs. The knockdown of flotillins dramatically affected N- and E-cadherin recruitment at CCJs in mesenchymal and epithelial cell types and perturbed CCJ integrity and functionality. Moreover, we determined that flotillins are required for cadherin association with GM1-containing plasma membrane microdomains. This allows p120 catenin binding to the cadherin complex and its stabilization at CCJs. Altogether, these data demonstrate that flotillin microdomains are required for cadherin stabilization at CCJs and for the formation of functional CCJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Guillaume
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Universités Montpellier 2 et 1, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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11
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Abstract
The small GTPase Rab35 is identified as a regulator of cadherin trafficking and stabilization at cell–cell contacts. Rab35 function is required for PIP5KIγ accumulation at cell contacts and PI(4,5)P2 production, and hence cadherin stabilization. Rab35 regulates myoblast fusion, a cellular process under the control of cadherin-dependent signaling. Cadherins are homophilic cell–cell adhesion molecules implicated in many fundamental processes, such as morphogenesis, cell growth, and differentiation. They accumulate at cell–cell contact sites and assemble into large macromolecular complexes named adherens junctions (AJs). Cadherin targeting and function are regulated by various cellular processes, many players of which remain to be uncovered. Here we identify the small GTPase Rab35 as a new regulator of cadherin trafficking and stabilization at cell–cell contacts in C2C12 myoblasts and HeLa cells. We find that Rab35 accumulates at cell–cell contacts in a cadherin-dependent manner. Knockdown of Rab35 or expression of a dominant-negative form of Rab35 impaired N- and M-cadherin recruitment to cell–cell contacts, their stabilization at the plasma membrane, and association with p120 catenin and led to their accumulation in transferrin-, clathrin-, and AP-2–positive intracellular vesicles. We also find that Rab35 function is required for PIP5KIγ accumulation at cell–cell contacts and phosphatidyl inositol 4,5-bisphosphate production, which is involved in cadherin stabilization at contact sites. Finally, we show that Rab35 regulates myoblast fusion, a major cellular process under the control of cadherin-dependent signaling. Taken together, these results reveal that Rab35 regulates cadherin-dependent AJ formation and myoblast fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Charrasse
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Universités Montpellier 2 et 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
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Thuault S, Hayashi S, Lagirand-Cantaloube J, Plutoni C, Comunale F, Delattre O, Relaix F, Gauthier-Rouvière C. P-cadherin is a direct PAX3-FOXO1A target involved in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma aggressiveness. Oncogene 2012; 32:1876-87. [PMID: 22710718 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is an aggressive childhood cancer of striated muscle characterized by the presence of the PAX3-FOXO1A or PAX7-FOXO1A chimeric oncogenic transcription factor. Identification of their targets is essential for understanding ARMS pathogenesis. To this aim, we analyzed transcriptomic data from rhabdomyosarcoma samples and found that P-cadherin expression is correlated with PAX3/7-FOXO1A presence. We then show that expression of a PAX3 dominant negative variant inhibits P-cadherin expression in ARMS cells. Using mouse models carrying modified Pax3 alleles, we demonstrate that P-cadherin is expressed in the dermomyotome and lies genetically downstream from the myogenic factor Pax3. Moreover, in vitro gel shift analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation indicate that the P-cadherin gene is a direct transcriptional target for PAX3/7-FOXO1A. Finally, P-cadherin expression in normal myoblasts inhibits myogenesis and induces myoblast transformation, migration and invasion. Conversely, P-cadherin downregulation by small hairpin RNA decreases the transformation, migration and invasive potential of ARMS cells. P-cadherin also favors cadherin switching, which is a hallmark of metastatic progression, by controlling N- and M-cadherin expression and/or localization. Our findings demonstrate that P-cadherin is a direct PAX3-FOXO1A transcriptional target involved in ARMS aggressiveness. Therefore, P-cadherin emerges as a new and attractive target for therapeutic intervention in ARMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thuault
- Universités Montpellier 2 et 1, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, Montpellier, France
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13
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Comunale F, Causeret M, Favard C, Cau J, Taulet N, Charrasse S, Gauthier-Rouvière C. Rac1 and RhoA GTPases have antagonistic functions during N-cadherin-dependent cell-cell contact formation in C2C12 myoblasts. Biol Cell 2012; 99:503-17. [PMID: 17459003 DOI: 10.1042/bc20070011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION N-cadherin, a member of the Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecule family, plays an essential role in the induction of the skeletal muscle differentiation programme. However, the molecular mechanisms which govern the formation of N-cadherin-dependent cell-cell contacts in myoblasts remain unexplored. RESULTS In the present study, we show that N-cadherin-dependent cell contact formation in myoblasts is defined by two stages. In the first phase, N-cadherin is highly mobile in the lamellipodia extensions between the contacting cells. The second stage corresponds to the formation of mature N-cadherin-dependent cell contacts, characterized by the immobilization of a pool of N-cadherin which appears to be clustered in the interdigitated membrane structures that are also membrane attachment sites for F-actin filaments. We also demonstrated that the formation of N-cadherin-dependent cell-cell contacts requires a co-ordinated and sequential activity of Rac1 and RhoA. Rac1 is involved in the first stage and facilitates N-cadherin-dependent cell-cell contact formation, but it is not absolutely required. Conversely, RhoA is necessary for N-cadherin-dependent cell contact formation, since, via ROCK (Rho-associated kinase) signalling and myosin 2 activation, it allows the stabilization of N-cadherin at the cell-cell contact sites. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that Rac1 and RhoA have opposite effects on N-cadherin-dependent cell-cell contact formation in C2C12 myoblasts and act sequentially to allow its formation.
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Lagirand-Cantaloube J, Comunale F, Gauthier-Rouvière C. R70: Mécanismes d’expression et rôle de la R-cadhérine dans le développement des rhabdomyosarcomes. Bull Cancer 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0007-4551(15)30987-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Thuault S, Plutoni C, Comunale F, Gauthier-Rouvière C. R52: Rôle des cadhérines et des GTPases Rho dans le caractère invasif des rhabdomyosarcomes. Bull Cancer 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0007-4551(15)30969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Bach AS, Enjalbert S, Comunale F, Bodin S, Vitale N, Charrasse S, Gauthier-Rouvière C. ADP-ribosylation factor 6 regulates mammalian myoblast fusion through phospholipase D1 and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate signaling pathways. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:2412-24. [PMID: 20505075 PMCID: PMC2903670 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e09-12-1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we show that ARF6 is associated with the multiproteic complex that contains M-cadherin, Trio, and Rac1 and accumulates at sites of myoblast fusion. ARF6 silencing inhibits the association of Trio and Rac1 with M-cadherin. Moreover, we demonstrate that ARF6 regulates myoblast fusion through Phospholipase D activation and PI(4,5)P2 production. Myoblast fusion is an essential step during myoblast differentiation that remains poorly understood. M-cadherin–dependent pathways that signal through Rac1 GTPase activation via the Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Trio are important for myoblast fusion. The ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)6 GTPase has been shown to bind to Trio and to regulate Rac1 activity. Moreover, Loner/GEP100/BRAG2, a GEF of ARF6, has been involved in mammalian and Drosophila myoblast fusion, but the specific role of ARF6 has been not fully analyzed. Here, we show that ARF6 activity is increased at the time of myoblast fusion and is required for its implementation in mouse C2C12 myoblasts. Specifically, at the onset of myoblast fusion, ARF6 is associated with the multiproteic complex that contains M-cadherin, Trio, and Rac1 and accumulates at sites of myoblast fusion. ARF6 silencing inhibits the association of Trio and Rac1 with M-cadherin. Moreover, we demonstrate that ARF6 regulates myoblast fusion through phospholipase D (PLD) activation and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bis-phosphate production. Together, these data indicate that ARF6 is a critical regulator of C2C12 myoblast fusion and participates in the regulation of PLD activities that trigger both phospholipids production and actin cytoskeleton reorganization at fusion sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Bach
- Universités Montpellier 2 et 1, Centre de Recherche en Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 122 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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17
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Taulet N, Comunale F, Favard C, Charrasse S, Bodin S, Gauthier-Rouvière C. N-cadherin/p120 catenin association at cell-cell contacts occurs in cholesterol-rich membrane domains and is required for RhoA activation and myogenesis. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:23137-45. [PMID: 19546217 PMCID: PMC2755719 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.017665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
p120 catenin is a major regulator of cadherin stability at cell-cell contacts and a modulator of Rho GTPase activities. In C2C12 myoblasts, N-cadherin is stabilized at cell contacts through its association with cholesterol-rich membrane domains or lipid rafts (LR) and acts as an adhesion-activated receptor that activates RhoA, an event required for myogenesis induction. Here, we report that association of p120 catenin with N-cadherin at cell contacts occurs specifically in LR. We demonstrate that interaction of p120 catenin with N-cadherin is required for N-cadherin association with LR and for its stabilization at cell contacts. LR disruption inhibits myogenesis induction and N-cadherin-dependent RhoA activation as does the perturbation of the N-cadherin-p120 catenin complex after p120 catenin knockdown. Finally, we observe an N-cadherin-dependent accumulation of RhoA at phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-enriched cell contacts which is lost after LR disruption. Thus, a functional N-cadherin-catenin complex occurs in cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains which allows the recruitment of RhoA and the regulation of its activity during myogenesis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Taulet
- From the Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Universités Montpellier 2 et 1, CNRS, Uníté Mixte de Recherche 5237, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 122, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier and
| | - Franck Comunale
- From the Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Universités Montpellier 2 et 1, CNRS, Uníté Mixte de Recherche 5237, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 122, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier and
| | - Cyril Favard
- Institut Fresnel, Domaine Universitaire Saint Jérôme, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Charrasse
- From the Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Universités Montpellier 2 et 1, CNRS, Uníté Mixte de Recherche 5237, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 122, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier and
| | - Stéphane Bodin
- From the Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Universités Montpellier 2 et 1, CNRS, Uníté Mixte de Recherche 5237, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 122, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier and
| | - Cécile Gauthier-Rouvière
- From the Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Universités Montpellier 2 et 1, CNRS, Uníté Mixte de Recherche 5237, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 122, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier and
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Kucharczak J, Charrasse S, Comunale F, Zappulla J, Robert B, Teulon-Navarro I, Pèlegrin A, Gauthier-Rouvière C. R-Cadherin expression inhibits myogenesis and induces myoblast transformation via Rac1 GTPase. Cancer Res 2008; 68:6559-68. [PMID: 18701479 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cadherins are transmembrane glycoproteins that mediate Ca(2+)-dependent homophilic cell-cell adhesion and play a crucial role in proliferation, differentiation, and cell transformation. The goal of this study was to understand why R-cadherin is found in rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS), tumors of skeletal muscle origin, whereas it is absent in normal myoblasts. We show that R-cadherin expression in C2C12 myoblasts causes inhibition of myogenesis induction and impairment of cell cycle exit when cells are cultured in differentiation medium. Furthermore, R-cadherin expression elicits myoblast transformation, as shown by anchorage-independent growth in soft agar in vivo tumor formation assays and increased cell motility. In contrast, inhibition of R-cadherin expression using RNA interference hinders growth of RD cell line in soft agar and its tumorigenicity in mice. The analysis of the nature of R-cadherin-mediated signals shows that R-cadherin-dependent adhesion increases Rac1 activity. Dominant-negative forms of Rac1 inhibit R-cadherin-mediated signaling and transformation. In addition, expression of R-cadherin results in perturbed function of endogenous N-cadherin and M-cadherin. Together, these data suggest that R-cadherin expression inhibits myogenesis and induces myoblast transformation through Rac1 activation. Therefore, the properties of R-cadherin make it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Kucharczak
- CRBM, Université Montpellier 2 et 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR, France
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Fortier M, Comunale F, Kucharczak J, Blangy A, Charrasse S, Gauthier-Rouvière C. RhoE controls myoblast alignment prior fusion through RhoA and ROCK. Cell Death Differ 2008; 15:1221-31. [PMID: 18369372 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2008.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of skeletal myoblasts into multinucleated myotubes is a multi-step process orchestrated by several signaling pathways. The Rho small G protein family plays critical roles both during myogenesis induction and myoblast fusion. We report here that in C2C12 myoblasts, expression of RhoE, an atypical member of this family, increases until the onset of myoblast fusion before resuming its basal level once fusion has occurred. We show that RhoE accumulates in elongated, aligned myoblasts prior to fusion and that its expression is also increased during injury-induced skeletal muscle regeneration. Moreover, although RhoE is not required for myogenesis induction, it is essential for myoblast elongation and alignment before fusion and for M-cadherin expression and accumulation at the cell-cell contact sites. Myoblasts lacking RhoE present with defective p190RhoGAP activation and RhoA inhibition at the onset of myoblast fusion. RhoE interacts also with the RhoA effector Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)I whose activity must be downregulated to allow myoblast fusion. Consistently, we show that pharmacological inactivation of RhoA or ROCK restores myoblast fusion in RhoE-deficient myoblasts. RhoE physiological upregulation before myoblast fusion is responsible for the decrease in RhoA and ROCKI activities, which are required for the fusion process. Therefore, we conclude that RhoE is an essential regulator of myoblast fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fortier
- Universités Montpellier 2 et 1, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, IFR 122 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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Charrasse S, Comunale F, Fortier M, Portales-Casamar E, Debant A, Gauthier-Rouvière C. M-cadherin activates Rac1 GTPase through the Rho-GEF trio during myoblast fusion. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:1734-43. [PMID: 17332503 PMCID: PMC1855016 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-08-0766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherins are transmembrane glycoproteins that mediate Ca(2+)-dependent homophilic cell-cell adhesion and play crucial role during skeletal myogenesis. M-cadherin is required for myoblast fusion into myotubes, but its mechanisms of action remain unknown. The goal of this study was to cast some light on the nature of the M-cadherin-mediated signals involved in myoblast fusion into myotubes. We found that the Rac1 GTPase activity is increased at the time of myoblast fusion and it is required for this process. Moreover, we showed that M-cadherin-dependent adhesion activates Rac1 and demonstrated the formation of a multiproteic complex containing M-cadherin, the Rho-GEF Trio, and Rac1 at the onset of myoblast fusion. Interestingly, Trio knockdown efficiently blocked both the increase in Rac1-GTP levels, observed after M-cadherin-dependent contact formation, and myoblast fusion. We conclude that M-cadherin-dependent adhesion can activate Rac1 via the Rho-GEF Trio at the time of myoblast fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Charrasse
- Centre de Recherches de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IFR 122, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Comunale
- Centre de Recherches de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IFR 122, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Fortier
- Centre de Recherches de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IFR 122, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Elodie Portales-Casamar
- Centre de Recherches de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IFR 122, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Debant
- Centre de Recherches de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IFR 122, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Gauthier-Rouvière
- Centre de Recherches de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IFR 122, 34293 Montpellier, France
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Bonet-Kerrache A, Fortier M, Comunale F, Gauthier-Rouvière C. The GTPase RhoA increases utrophin expression and stability, as well as its localization at the plasma membrane. Biochem J 2006; 391:261-8. [PMID: 15963030 PMCID: PMC1276923 DOI: 10.1042/bj20050024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Rho family of small GTPases are signalling molecules involved in cytoskeleton remodelling and gene transcription. Their activities are important for many cellular processes, including myogenesis. In particular, RhoA positively regulates skeletal-muscle differentiation. We report in the present study that the active form of RhoA increases the expression of utrophin, the autosomal homologue of dystrophin in the mouse C2C12 and rat L8 myoblastic cell lines. Even though this RhoA-dependent utrophin increase is higher in proliferating myoblasts, it is maintained during myogenic differentiation. This occurs via two mechanisms: (i) transcriptional activation of the utrophin promoter A and (ii) post-translational stabilization of utrophin. In addition, RhoA increases plasma-membrane localization of utrophin. Thus RhoA activation up-regulates utrophin levels and enhances its localization at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle Bonet-Kerrache
- CRBM (Centre de Recherches en Biochimie Macromoléculaire), CNRS FRE2593, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Mathieu Fortier
- CRBM (Centre de Recherches en Biochimie Macromoléculaire), CNRS FRE2593, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Franck Comunale
- CRBM (Centre de Recherches en Biochimie Macromoléculaire), CNRS FRE2593, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Gauthier-Rouvière
- CRBM (Centre de Recherches en Biochimie Macromoléculaire), CNRS FRE2593, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Abstract
The Rho family of GTP-binding proteins plays critical roles during myogenesis induction. To elucidate their role later during myogenesis, we have analyzed RhoA function during myoblast fusion into myotubes. We find that RhoA activity is rapidly and transiently increased when cells are shifted into differentiation medium and then is decreased until myoblast fusion. RhoA activity must be down-regulated to allow fusion, because expression of a constitutively active form of RhoA (RhoAV14) inhibits this process. RhoAV14 perturbs the expression and localization of M-cadherin, a member of the Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecule family that has an essential role in skeletal muscle cell differentiation. This mutant does not affect N-cadherin and other proteins involved in myoblast fusion, beta1-integrin and ADAM12. Active RhoA induces the entry of M-cadherin into a degradative pathway and thus decreases its stability in correlation with the monoubiquitination of M-cadherin. Moreover, p120 catenin association with M-cadherin is decreased in RhoAV14-expressing cells, which is partially reverted by the inhibition of the RhoA effector Rho-associated kinase ROCK. ROCK inhibition also restores M-cadherin accumulation at the cell-cell contact sites. We propose that the sustained activation of the RhoA pathway inhibits myoblast fusion through the regulation of p120 activity, which controls cadherin internalization and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Charrasse
- Centre de Recherches de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Formation de Recherche en Evolution 2593, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France
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Causeret M, Taulet N, Comunale F, Favard C, Gauthier-Rouvière C. N-cadherin association with lipid rafts regulates its dynamic assembly at cell-cell junctions in C2C12 myoblasts. Mol Biol Cell 2005; 16:2168-80. [PMID: 15716354 PMCID: PMC1087226 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e04-09-0829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherins are homophilic cell-cell adhesion molecules implicated in cell growth, differentiation, and organization into tissues during embryonic development. They accumulate at cell-cell contact sites and act as adhesion-activated signaling receptors. Here, we show that the dynamic assembly of N-cadherin at cell-cell contacts involves lipid rafts. In C2C12 myoblasts, immunofluorescence and biochemical experiments demonstrate that N-cadherin present at cell-cell contacts is colocalized with lipid rafts. Disruption of lipid rafts leads to the inhibition of cell-cell adhesion and disorganization of N-cadherin-dependent cell-cell contacts without modifying the association of N-cadherin with catenins and its availability at the plasma membrane. Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching experiments demonstrate that at the dorsal plasma membrane, lipid rafts are not directly involved in the diffusional mobility of N-cadherin. In contrast, at cell-cell junctions N-cadherin association with lipid rafts allows its stabilization enabling the formation of a functional adhesive complex. We show that lipid rafts, as homophilic interaction and F-actin association, stabilize cadherin-dependent adhesive complexes. Homophilic interactions and F-actin association of N-cadherin are both required for its association to lipid rafts. We thus identify lipid rafts as new regulators of cadherin-mediated cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Causeret
- Centre de Recherches de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Formation de Recherche en Evolution 2593, 34293 Montpellier, France
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Charrasse S, Comunale F, Gilbert E, Delattre O, Gauthier-Rouvière C. Variation in cadherins and catenins expression is linked to both proliferation and transformation of Rhabdomyosarcoma. Oncogene 2003; 23:2420-30. [PMID: 14691446 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cadherins are a family of transmembrane glycoproteins that mediate Ca(2+)-dependent homophilic cell-cell adhesion and play a crucial role in cell differentiation. E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion is lost during the development of most epithelial cancers. This study examines cadherin-dependent adhesion in cell lines derived from rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a highly malignant soft-tissue tumor committed to the myogenic lineage, but arrested prior to terminal differentiation. We analysed the expression of cadherins and associated catenins at the mRNA and protein levels as well as their localization in nine RMS-derived cell lines relative to normal myoblasts. We show a decrease in the expression of cadherins and catenins in all RMS-derived cell lines compared to control cells. This decrease in the expression of N- and M-cadherin was confirmed in RMS biopsies. In contrast, R-cadherin is found expressed in RMS, whereas it is normally absent in normal myoblasts. We show that a decrease of R-cadherin expression using RNA interference inhibits cell proliferation of the RD cell line. In addition to their diminished expression, cadherins and catenins do not localize to intercellular contacts in embryonal RMS (ERMS), whereas specific persistent localization is seen in alveolar RMS (ARMS)-derived cell lines. Thus, RMS exhibit defects in the expression of molecules of the cadherin family. Defects in the localization of these adhesion molecules at the sites of cell-cell contact are specifically observed in the ERMS subtype. In addition, our data suggest that R-cadherin is a specific diagnostic marker for RMS and is also an important factor of RMS cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Charrasse
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, CNRS UPR 1086, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France
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25
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de Toledo M, Senic-Matuglia F, Salamero J, Uze G, Comunale F, Fort P, Blangy A. The GTP/GDP cycling of rho GTPase TCL is an essential regulator of the early endocytic pathway. Mol Biol Cell 2003; 14:4846-56. [PMID: 12960428 PMCID: PMC284789 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e03-04-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases are key regulators of actin dynamics. We report that the Rho GTPase TCL, which is closely related to Cdc42 and TC10, localizes to the plasma membrane and the early/sorting endosomes in HeLa cells, suggesting a role in the early endocytic pathway. Receptor-dependent internalization of transferrin (Tf) is unaffected by suppression of endogenous TCL by small interfering RNA treatment. However, Tf accumulates in Rab5-positive uncoated endocytic vesicles and fails to reach the early endosome antigen-1-positive early endosomal compartments and the pericentriolar recycling endosomes. Moreover, Tf release upon TCL knockdown is significantly slower. Conversely, in the presence of dominant active TCL, internalized Tf accumulates in early endosome antigen-1-positive early/sorting endosomes and not in perinuclear recycling endosomes. Tf recycles directly from the early/sorting endosomes and it is normally released by the cells. The same phenotype is generated by replacing the C terminus of dominant active Cdc42 and TC10 with that of TCL, indicating that all three proteins share downstream effector proteins. Thus, TCL is essential for clathrin-dependent endocytosed receptors to enter the early/sorting endosomes. Furthermore, the active GTPase favors direct recycling from early/sorting endosomes without accumulating in the perinuclear recycling endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion de Toledo
- Centre de Recherches en Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Propre de Recherche 1086, 34293 Montpellier, France
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27
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Charrasse S, Causeret M, Comunale F, Bonet-Kerrache A, Gauthier-Rouvière C. Rho GTPases and cadherin-based cell adhesion in skeletal muscle development. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2003; 24:309-13. [PMID: 14620744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The small GTPases of the Rho subfamily (RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42) are signaling molecules involved in cytoskeleton remodeling and gene transcription. Their activities are important for many cellular processes, including myogenesis. Classical cadherin adhesion molecules are key determinants of cell recognition and tissus morphogenesis and act as adhesion-activated signaling receptors. Rho GTPases have emerged as key mediators of their activity. Not only signal transduction pathways link cadherins to Rho GTPases but also Rho GTPases to cadherins. We focus in this review on the role of cadherins and Rho GTPases in normal myogenesis as well as in pathological development of rhabdomyosarcoma.
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Meriane M, Charrasse S, Comunale F, Gauthier-Rouvière C. Transforming growth factor beta activates Rac1 and Cdc42Hs GTPases and the JNK pathway in skeletal muscle cells. Biol Cell 2002; 94:535-43. [PMID: 12566226 DOI: 10.1016/s0248-4900(02)00023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) plays an important role in cell growth and differentiation. However, the intracellular signaling pathways through which TGFbeta inhibits skeletal myogenesis remain largely undefined. By measuring GTP-loading of Rho GTPases and the organization of the F-actin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane, we analyzed the effect of TGFbeta addition on the activity of three GTPases, Rac1, Cdc42Hs and RhoA. We report that TGFbeta activates Rac1 and Cdc42Hs in skeletal muscle cells, two GTPases previously described to inhibit skeletal muscle cell differentiation whereas it inactivates RhoA, a positive regulator of myogenesis. We further show that TGFbeta activates the C-jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) pathway in myoblastic cells through Rac1 and Cdc42Hs GTPases. We propose that the activation of Rho family proteins Rac1 and Cdc42Hs which subsequently regulate JNK activity participates in the inhibition of myogenesis by TGFbeta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayya Meriane
- Centre de recherche de biochimie macromoléculaire (CRBM), CNRS UPR 1086, IFR24, 1919, route de Mende, 34293 cedex, Montpellier, France
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29
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Charrasse S, Meriane M, Comunale F, Blangy A, Gauthier-Rouvière C. N-cadherin-dependent cell-cell contact regulates Rho GTPases and beta-catenin localization in mouse C2C12 myoblasts. J Cell Biol 2002; 158:953-65. [PMID: 12213839 PMCID: PMC2173149 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200202034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
N-cadherin, a member of the Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecule family, plays an essential role in skeletal muscle cell differentiation. We show that inhibition of N-cadherin-dependent adhesion impairs the upregulation of the two cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27, the expression of the muscle-specific genes myogenin and troponin T, and C2C12 myoblast fusion. To determine the nature of N-cadherin-mediated signals involved in myogenesis, we investigated whether N-cadherin-dependent adhesion regulates the activity of Rac1, Cdc42Hs, and RhoA. N-cadherin-dependent adhesion decreases Rac1 and Cdc42Hs activity, and as a consequence, c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK activity but not that of the p38 MAPK pathway. On the other hand, N-cadherin-mediated adhesion increases RhoA activity and activates three skeletal muscle-specific promoters. Furthermore, RhoA activity is required for beta-catenin accumulation at cell-cell contact sites. We propose that cell-cell contacts formed via N-cadherin trigger signaling events that promote the commitment to myogenesis through the positive regulation of RhoA and negative regulation of Rac1, Cdc42Hs, and JNK activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Charrasse
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France
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Meriane M, Charrasse S, Comunale F, Méry A, Fort P, Roux P, Gauthier-Rouvière C. Participation of small GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42Hs in myoblast transformation. Oncogene 2002; 21:2901-7. [PMID: 11973651 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2001] [Revised: 02/04/2002] [Accepted: 02/08/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that expression of active Rac1 and Cdc4Hs inhibits skeletal muscle cell differentiation. We show here, by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and cyclin D1 expression, that the expression of active Rac1 and Cdc42Hs but not RhoA impairs cell cycle exit of L6 myoblasts cultured in differentiation medium. Furthermore, expression of activated forms of Rac1 and Cdc42Hs elicits the loss of cell contact inhibition and anchorage-dependent growth as measured by focus forming activity and growth in soft agar. RhoA was once again not found to have this effect. We found a constitutive Rac1 and Cdc42Hs activation in three human rhabdomyosarcoma-derived cell lines, one of the most common causes of solid tumours arising from muscle precursors during childhood. Finally, dominant negative forms of Rac1 and Cdc42Hs inhibit cell proliferation of the RD rhabdomyosarcoma cell line. These data suggest an important role for the small GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42Hs in the generation of skeletal muscle tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayya Meriane
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire (CRBM), CNRS UPR 1086, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France
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Mary S, Charrasse S, Meriane M, Comunale F, Travo P, Blangy A, Gauthier-Rouvière C. Biogenesis of N-cadherin-dependent cell-cell contacts in living fibroblasts is a microtubule-dependent kinesin-driven mechanism. Mol Biol Cell 2002; 13:285-301. [PMID: 11809840 PMCID: PMC65089 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.01-07-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion is a dynamic process that is regulated during embryonic development, cell migration, and differentiation. Different cadherins are expressed in specific tissues consistent with their roles in cell type recognition. In this study, we examine the formation of N-cadherin-dependent cell-cell contacts in fibroblasts and myoblasts. In contrast to E-cadherin, both endogenous and ectopically expressed N-cadherin shuttles between an intracellular and a plasma membrane pool. Initial formation of N-cadherin-dependent cell-cell contacts results from the recruitment of the intracellular pool of N-cadherin to the plasma membrane. N-cadherin also localizes to the Golgi apparatus and both secretory and endocytotic vesicles. We demonstrate that the intracellular pool of N-cadherin is tightly associated with the microtubule (MT) network and that junction formation requires MTs. In addition, localization of N-cadherin to the cortex is dependent on an intact F-actin cytoskeleton. We show that N-cadherin transport requires the MT network as well as the activity of the MT-associated motor kinesin. In conclusion, we propose that N-cadherin distribution is a regulated process promoted by cell-cell contact formation, which controls the biogenesis and turnover of the junctions through the MT network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mary
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Propre de Recherche 1086, 34293 Montpellier, France
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Vignal E, De Toledo M, Comunale F, Ladopoulou A, Gauthier-Rouvière C, Blangy A, Fort P. Characterization of TCL, a new GTPase of the rho family related to TC10 andCcdc42. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:36457-64. [PMID: 10967094 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m003487200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
GTPases of the Rho family control a wide variety of cellular processes such as cell morphology, motility, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. We report here the characterization of a new Rho member, which shares 85% and 78% amino acid similarity to TC10 and Cdc42, respectively. This GTPase, termed as TC10-like (TCL) is encoded by an unexpectedly large locus, made of five exons spanning over 85 kilobases on human chromosome 14. TCL mRNA is 2.5 kilobases long and is mainly expressed in heart. In vitro, TCL shows rapid GDP/GTP exchange and displays higher GTP dissociation and hydolysis rates than TC10. Using the yeast two-hybrid system and GST pull-down assays, we show that GTP-bound but not GDP-bound TCL protein directly interacts with Cdc42/Rac interacting binding domains, such as those found in PAK and WASP. Despite its overall similarity to TC10 and Cdc42, the constitutively active TCL mutant displays distinct morphogenic activity in REF-52 fibroblasts, producing large and dynamic F-actin-rich ruffles on the dorsal cell membrane. Interestingly, TCL morphogenic activity is blocked by dominant negative Rac1 and Cdc42 mutants, suggesting a cross-talk between these three Rho GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vignal
- Centre de Recherche en Biochimie Macromoléculaire, CNRS-UPR 1086, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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Meriane M, Mary S, Comunale F, Vignal E, Fort P, Gauthier-Rouviére C. Cdc42Hs and Rac1 GTPases induce the collapse of the vimentin intermediate filament network. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:33046-52. [PMID: 10900195 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m001566200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we show that expression of active Cdc42Hs and Rac1 GTPases, two Rho family members, leads to the reorganization of the vimentin intermediate filament (IF) network, showing a perinuclear collapse. Cdc42Hs displays a stronger effect than Rac1 as 90% versus 75% of GTPase-expressing cells show vimentin collapse. Similar vimentin IF modifications were observed when endogenous Cdc42Hs was activated by bradykinin treatment, endogenous Rac1 by platelet-derived growth factor/epidermal growth factor, or both endogenous proteins upon expression of active RhoG. This reorganization of the vimentin IF network is not associated with any significant increase in soluble vimentin. Using effector loop mutants of Cdc42Hs and Rac1, we show that the vimentin collapse is mostly independent of CRIB (Cdc42Hs or Rac-interacting binding)-mediated pathways such as JNK or PAK activation but is associated with actin reorganization. This does not result from F-actin depolymerization, because cytochalasin D treatment or Scar-WA expression have merely no effect on vimentin organization. Finally, we show that genistein treatment of Cdc42 and Rac1-expressing cells strongly reduces vimentin collapse, whereas staurosporin, wortmannin, LY-294002, R(p)-cAMP, or RII, the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A, remain ineffective. Moreover, we detected an increase in cellular tyrosine phosphorylation content after Cdc42Hs and Rac1 expression without modification of the vimentin phosphorylation status. These data indicate that Cdc42Hs and Rac1 GTPases control vimentin IF organization involving tyrosine phosphorylation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meriane
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, CNRS, UPR 1086, 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier 34293, Cedex, France
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Balaguer P, François F, Comunale F, Fenet H, Boussioux AM, Pons M, Nicolas JC, Casellas C. Reporter cell lines to study the estrogenic effects of xenoestrogens. Sci Total Environ 1999; 233:47-56. [PMID: 10492897 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(99)00178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to characterize the estrogenic activity of chemicals, we established complementary in vitro recombinant receptor-reporter gene assays in stably transfected MCF-7 and HeLa cells. MCF-7 cells which express the endogenous estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) were stably transfected with only an estrogen-regulated luciferase gene. These cells enable the detection of compounds which bind to ER alpha or interfere with the induction of ER alpha mediated gene expression. Furthermore, HeLa cells, which do not express endogenous ERs, were transfected with an ER alpha or an ER beta construct together with an estrogen-regulated luciferase gene, or a chimeric GAL4-ER alpha receptor and the corresponding luciferase reporter gene. Finally, we tested these four cellular models as tools to check the estrogenic activities of several potential xenoestrogens and to detect estrogenic activity in wastewater sewage treatment effluents. In all of the models, nonylphenol mixture (NPm), 4n-nonylphenol (4nNP), 2,4'-DDE, 4,4'-DDE and wastewater sewage treatment effluent were active, while PCB mixture (Aroclor 1254), PCB 77, atrazine and lindane (gamma hexachlorocyclohexane) were inactive. Dioxin partially activates the estrogen receptor in MCF-7 cells while in HeLa-derived cell lines, it decreased the estrogenic-induced expression of luciferase.
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