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Multiparameter spectral CT-based radiomics in predicting the expression of programmed death ligand 1 in non-small-cell lung cancer. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:e511-e523. [PMID: 38307814 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM To explore the value of radiomics for predicting the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on multiparameter spectral computed tomography (CT) images. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 220 patients with NSCLC were enrolled retrospectively and divided into the training (n=176) and testing (n=44) cohorts. The radiomics features were extracted from the conventional CT images, mono-energy 40 keV images, iodine density (ID) maps, Z-effective maps, and electron density maps. The logistic regression (LR) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms were employed to build models based on radiomics signatures. The prediction abilities were qualified by the area under the curve (AUC) obtained from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Internal validation was performed on the independent testing dataset. RESULTS The combined model for PD-L1 ≥1%, which consisted of the radiomics score (rad-score; p<0.0001), white blood cell (WBC; p=0.027) counts, and air bronchogram (p=0.003), reached the highest performance with the AUCs of 0.873 and 0.917 in the training and testing dataset, respectively, which was better than the radiomics model with the AUCs of 0.842 and 0.886. The combined model for PD-L1 ≥50%, which consisted of rad-score (p<0.0001) and WBC counts (p=0.027), achieved the highest performance in the training and testing dataset with AUCs of 0.932 and 0.903, respectively, which was better than the radiomics model with AUCs of 0.920 and 0.892, respectively. CONCLUSION The radiomics model based on the multiparameter images of spectral CT can predict the expression level of PD-L1 in NSCLC. The combined model can obtain higher prediction efficiency and serves as a promising method for immunotherapy selection.
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Effect of SIRT1 gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms on susceptibility to type 1 diabetes in a Han Chinese population. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:819-826. [PMID: 37695462 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS SIRT1 deficiency has been associated with diabetes, and a variant of the SIRT1 gene has been found to be involved in human autoimmune diabetes; however, it is unclear whether this genetic variation exists in Han Chinese with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and whether it contributes to development of T1D. Therefore, we aimed to explore the association of the SIRT1 gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs10997866 and rs3818292 in a Han Chinese population with T1D. METHODS This study recruited 2653 unrelated Han Chinese individuals, of whom 1289 had T1D and 1364 were healthy controls. Allelic and genotypic distributions of SIRT1 polymorphisms (rs10997866 and rs3818292) were determined by MassARRAY. Basic characteristics, genotype and allele frequencies of selected SNPs were compared between the T1D patients and healthy controls. Further genotype-phenotype association analysis of the SNPs was performed on the T1D patients divided into three groups according to genotype. Statistical analyses included the chi-square test, Mann‒Whitney U test, Kruskal‒Wallis H test and logistic regression. RESULTS The allelic (G vs. A) and genotypic (GA vs. AA) distributions of SIRT1 rs10997866 were significantly different in T1D patients and healthy controls (P = 0.039, P = 0.027), and rs10997866 was associated with T1D susceptibility under dominant, overdominant and additive models (P = 0.026, P = 0.030 and P = 0.027, respectively). Moreover, genotype-phenotype association analysis showed the GG genotype of rs10997866 and the GG genotype of rs3818292 to be associated with higher titers of IA-2A (P = 0.013 and P = 0.038, respectively). CONCLUSION SIRT1 rs10997866 is significantly associated with T1D susceptibility, with the minor allele G conferring a higher risk of T1D. Moreover, SIRT1 gene rs10997866 and rs3818292 correlate with the titer of IA-2A in Han Chinese individuals with T1D.
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Critical Values of Daily Sedentary Time and Its Longitudinal Association with Mild Cognitive Impairment Considering APOE ε4: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2024; 11:582-588. [PMID: 38706274 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2024.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long sedentary time and physical inactivity are negatively related to cognition, but the cut-off value remains unclear, and apolipoprotein E polymorphism ε4 (APOE ε4) is a known genetic risk factor of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). OBJECTIVES To explore longitudinal association of sedentary time and MCI, and to identify a cutoff value that increases the risk of developing MCI, taking into account APOE ε4 stratification and its interactions. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. SETTING Population-based study. PARTICIPANTS We included 4932 older adults from Tianjin Elderly Nutrition and Cognition (TENC) cohort study recruited from March 2018 to June 2021 with 3.11 years of median follow-up time. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was newly diagnosed MCI, which was diagnosed by a modified version of the Petersen's criteria. The information of sedentary time (hours/day) and physical activity (MET-h/week) were obtained by questionnaire. Cox proportional hazard regression models and restricted spline curve were conducted. RESULTS A total of 4932 participants were included (mean [SD] age, 67.85 [4.96] years; 2627 female [53.3%] and 2305 male [46.7%]), 740 newly onset MCI patients were identified. Longer sedentary time was associated with higher risk of MCI for all participants (HR:1.069, 95%CI: 1.034, 1.105), especially in APOE ε4 non-carriers (HR:1.083, 95%CI: 1.045, 1.123) whether adjusted potential confounders. Sedentary time had synergistic interactions with APOE ε4 (β:1.503, 95%CI: 1.163, 1.942) and physical activities (β: 1.495, 95%CI: 1.210, 1.846). Restricted spline curve showed a cut-off value of 3.03 hours/day. CONCLUSIONS Long sedentary time (≥3.03 hours/day) could increase MCI risk, especially in APOE ε4 non-carriers, people with higher PA, aged 65 and above.
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[Evaluating the efficiency of endoscope-assisted septo-rhinoplasty via intranasal approach]. ZHONGHUA ER BI YAN HOU TOU JING WAI KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY HEAD AND NECK SURGERY 2023; 58:1232-1237. [PMID: 38186098 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20230721-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To observe the functional and esthetic results of endoscope-assisted septo-rhinoplasty via intranasal approach. Methods: The clinical data of 12 patients with septal deviation and nasal deformity in the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital from June 2021 to June 2022 were analyzed, including 8 males and 4 females, aging 28 to 58 years. All patients were operated under general anesthesia. The septal deviation was corrected by hemitransfixion incision, combined with intercartilaginous incision and other intranasal or extranasal incisions to perform osteotomy, hump resection and saddle nose correction. Patient satisfaction with postoperative functional and aesthetic improvements was assessed through Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).SPSS 25 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The correction of nasal septum deviation was satisfactory in all 12 patients. Nasal obstruction was relieved, with NOSE score and VAS score of nasal ventilation decreased [(21.67±10.30) vs (70.83±14.12), (1.83±1.03) vs (8.33±0.89), t value was 9.49 and 16.30, respectively, both P<0.05]. The nasal appearance of 10 patients with crooked nose deformity was improved, with ROE score and VAS score of nasal appearance increased [(21.30±2.31) vs (8.10±3.31), (8.90±0.99) vs (3.80±1.62), t value was -11.85 and -9.33, respectively, both P<0.05];The nasal vestibule morphology of 2 patients with abnormal nasal vestibule was improved. During the follow-up of 12 to 24 months, no postoperative complication such as nasal septum perforation, nasal cavity adhesion or nasal dorsal collapse occurred in all patients. Conclusion: Endoscope-assisted septo-rhinoplasty via intranasal approach can resolve both functional and esthetic problems at the same time, improving outcomes while reducing surgical trauma.
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[Effect of information-knowledge-attitude-practice theory-based health education on clonorchiasis control among community residents and primary school students in Zhongshan City]. ZHONGGUO XUE XI CHONG BING FANG ZHI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS CONTROL 2023; 35:517-521. [PMID: 38148543 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2023023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of information-knowledge-attitude-practice (IKAP) theory-based health education interventions on clonorchiasis control among community residents and primary school students in Torch High-tech Development Zone of Zhongshan City, so as to provide insights into formulation of clonorchiasis control strategies among different types of populations. METHODS Residents were randomly sampled from two communities and students from two primary schools using a random cluster sampling method in Torch High-tech Development Zone, Zhongshan City from 2019 to 2021, and health education pertaining to clonorchiasis control was performed based on the IKAP theory. The changes in the awareness of basic clonorchiasis control knowledge and belief, self-reported risk of Clonorchis sinensis infections and dietary behaviors were compared among community residents and primary school students before and after health education interventions. RESULTS The participants included 146 male and 151 female community residents and 158 male and 153 female primary school students, with no significant difference detected in gender distribution (χ2 = 0.16, P > 0.05). The mean awareness of basic clonorchiasis control knowledge increased by 44.71% and 43.28% among primary school students and community residents 6 months following health education, and there were significant differences in the awareness of each item of basic clonorchiasis control knowledge before and after health education (χ2 = 41.53 to 284.44, all P values < 0.05). The proportions of primary school students and community residents thinking very high and high risks of C. sinensis infections increased from 9.35% and 6.71% before health education to 22.15% and 37.75% after health education, but only the difference of the attitudes in community residents achieve statistical significance (χ2 = 92.18, P < 0.05). The frequency of separation of raw and cooked foods with chopping board and knife significantly increased among community residents and primary school students following health education (χ2 = 16.04 to 62.65, all P values < 0.05). The frequency of eating raw freshwater fish (χ2 = 32.85, P < 0.05), fish congee (χ2 = 7.02, P < 0.05) and fish fillet hot pot (χ2 = 4.88, P < 0.05) significantly reduced among primary school students following health education, while only the frequency and proportions of eating raw freshwater fish have significantly reduced in community residents (χ2 = 11.77, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Health education interventions based on the IKAP theory are effective to increase the awareness of clonorchiasis control knowledge and improve dietary behaviors associated with C. sinensis infections among community residents and primary school students in Zhongshan City.
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Changes and Relationship in Nutrition Impact Symptoms, Malnutrition during Esophageal Cancer Treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e394-e395. [PMID: 37785322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The aim of this study was to assess the changes and relationship between nutritional impact symptoms (NIS) and malnutrition incidence during radiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer. MATERIALS/METHODS A prospective observational study recruited hospitalized patients with esophageal cancer who received radiotherapy or did not receive chemotherapy. 283 patients with esophageal carcinoma were followed up before and during the fourth week of radiotherapy. Nutritional parameters were collected during radiotherapy. RESULTS According to the patient 's assessment of NIS and subjective global assessment (PG-SGA), at the mid-term of radiotherapy, the proportion of patients with NIS≥3 increased from 20.8% to 61.13%. Inappetence (37.1%) and abdominal distension (28.6%) were the most common nutritional symptoms. Severe malnutrition increased from 39% to 58.1%.NIS (odds ratio (OR) 30.93, 95% CI 15.92, 60.10, p <0.001) and weight loss of ≥5% (odds ratio (OR) 24.1, 95% CI 11.98, 48.47, p <0.001) were independently associated with severe malnutrition during radiotherapy. CONCLUSION Strengthen the nutritional support therapy during mid-radiotherapy for esophageal cancer patient, and NIS can directly predict malnutrition.PG-SGA and NIS can be used for nutritional monitoring in esophageal cancer patients.
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mScarlet and split fluorophore mScarlet resources for plasmid-based CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in in C. elegans. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.000871. [PMID: 37396790 PMCID: PMC10308244 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins allow the expression of a gene and the behavior of its protein product to be observed in living animals. The ability to create endogenous fluorescent protein tags via CRISPR genome engineering has revolutionized the authenticity of this expression, and mScarlet is currently our first-choice red fluorescent protein (RFP) for visualizing gene expression in vivo . Here, we have cloned versions of mScarlet and split fluorophore mScarlet previously optimized for C. elegans into the SEC-based system of plasmids for CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in. Ideally, an endogenous tag will be easily visible while not interfering with the normal expression and function of the targeted protein. For low molecular weight proteins that are a fraction of the size of a fluorescent protein tag (e.g. GFP or mCherry) and/or proteins known to be non-functional when tagged in this way, split fluorophore tagging could be an alternative. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in to tag three such proteins with split-fluorophore wrmScarlet: HIS-72, EGL-1, and PTL-1. Although we find that split fluorophore tagging does not disrupt the function of any of these proteins, we were unfortunately unable to observe the expression of most of these tags with epifluorescence, suggesting that split fluorophore tags are often very limited as endogenous reporters. Nevertheless, our plasmid toolkit provides a new resource that enables straightforward knock-in of either mScarlet or split mScarlet in C. elegans.
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Ultrasound Fusion-Guided Core Needle Biopsy for Deep Head and Neck Space Lesions: Technical Feasibility, Histopathologic Yield, and Safety. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:180-185. [PMID: 36702505 PMCID: PMC9891334 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ultrasound is generally considered to have a minor role in guiding biopsies for deep head and neck space lesions. However, the ultrasound fusion technique may have the potential to change this opinion. This study evaluated the feasibility, histopathologic yield, and safety of ultrasound fusion-guided core needle biopsies for deep head and neck space lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS From March 2021 to April 2022, patients with primary deep head and neck space lesions were prospectively included in this study. Ultrasound fusion was performed with contemporaneous CT, MR imaging, or PET/CT studies, and ultrasound fusion-guided core needle biopsy was performed by using a Micro-Convex probe via 4 different needle approaches. Feasibility, histopathologic results, and biopsy-related complications were observed. Descriptive statistics were applied. RESULTS Ultrasound-guided biopsy was feasible in all 16 patients (11 women and 5 men; mean age 46 [SD, 16] years; range, 16-76 years). The lesions were located in the parapharyngeal space, infratemporal fossa, and skull base, with a median diameter of 3.8 cm (range, 2.2-6.5 cm). An adequate and definite histopathologic yield was obtained in 15/16 (93.8%) patients; among them, 4/15 lesions (26.7%) were malignant, and 11/15 (73.6%) were benign. No major complications occurred. Minor complications were noted in 2 of the 16 (12.5%) patients (self-limiting inflammation in 1 and bleeding in 1). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that ultrasound fusion-guided biopsy of deep head and neck space lesions is feasible and safe, with a high histopathologic yield.
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Transcriptomic analysis of airway epithelial cells identifies an altered expression profile of T2 and non-T2 genes in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Correlation study between apparent diffusion coefficients and the prognostic factors in breast cancer. Clin Radiol 2023; 78:347-355. [PMID: 36746720 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To analyse the correlation between apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) derived from intratumoural and peritumoural regions with prognostic factors and immune-inflammatory markers in breast cancer (BC). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, 89 patients (age range, 28-66 years; median, 45 years) with a diagnosis of invasive BC who underwent routine blood tests and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were enrolled. The study cohort was stratified according to tumour maximum cross-section ≥20 mm, lymph node metastasis (LNM), time-signal intensity curve (TIC) type, and receptor status. Minimum, maximum, mean, and heterogeneity values of tumour ADC (ADCtmin, ADCtmax, ADCtmean, and ADCheter), maximum values of peritumoural ADC (ADCpmax), and the ratio of peritumoural-tumour ADC (ADCratio) were obtained on the ADC maps. Linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the correlation between immune-inflammatory markers, prognostic factors and ADC values. RESULTS HER-2 was positively associated with ADCtmax, ADCtmean, and ADCpmax values (β = 0.306, p=0.004; β = 0.283, p=0.007; β = 0.262, p=0.007, respectively), while platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was positively associated with ADCpmax and ADCratio values (β = 0.227, p=0.020; β = 0.231, p=0.020, respectively). Among ADC parameters, ADCpmax showed the highest predictive values for evaluating the presence of LNM (AUC, 0.751; sensitivity, 70.4%; specificity, 77.1%). CONCLUSION The ADCpmax value could provide additional assistance in predicting prognostic factors of BC.
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Genetic influences of the effect of circulating inflammatory cytokines on osteoarthritis in humans. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022:S1063-4584(22)00961-X. [PMID: 36529415 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and Osteoarthritis (OA) has not been well investigated. This study investigated the causal role of inflammatory cytokines in the risk of OA and total joint arthroplasty using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method. METHOD Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) robustly associated with inflammatory cytokines were used as instrumental variables. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method with false discovery rate (FDR) adjusted P-value (q-value) for multiple comparisons were used as the main MR method to estimate causal effects based on the summary-level data for OA (knee and hip OA, respectively) and total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Sensitivity analyses validated the robustness of the results and ensured the absence of heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. RESULTS After FDR adjustment, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were identified as causally associated with knee OA (MCSF, odds ratio [OR]: 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-1.23, q = 5.05 × 10-5; VEGF, OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04-1.15, q = 0.011). We also observed that genetically predicted MCSF and VEGF were positively associated with the risk of TJA, and MCP3 was negatively associated with for the risk of TJA, although the effects seem fairly modest. Sensitivity analysis further excluded the influence of heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory cytokines, namely MCSF and VEGF, were causally associated with knee OA, which could enhance our understanding of inflammation in OA pathology.
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415 Using a cosmetic blend to produce a contraction response in human keratinocytes and deliver tightening of skin around the eye. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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P-154 growth hormone supplementation decline quality of maternally aged oocytes via reducing aneuploidy. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Does growth hormone (GH) supplementation ameliorate the quality of oocytes in aged mice via reducing aneuploidy?
Summary answer
Daily injections of growth hormone for 2 months improve the age-related decline in ovarian reserve, and promote oocyte quality by reducing the aneuploidy rate.
What is known already
Women of advanced maternal age, particular over 35 years, could consequently bear poor quality oocytes, which are mainly caused by chromosomal aneuploidy. Age-related decline in GH levels may be related to the insufficient reproductive potential in women of advanced maternal age. To date, the role of GH in in vitro fertilization remains controversial. GH has been reported to affect oocyte quality, and studies in vivo have shown that intraperitoneal administration of GH reduces the occurrence rate of spindle/chromosome defects.
Study design, size, duration
The young (6-week-old) and aged (8-month-old) C57BL/6J mice were used in the study. In the in vivo experiment, aged mice were intraperitoneally injected daily with GH (1.6 mg/kg body weight, n = 85) or the equivalent volume of NS (n = 81) for consecutive for two months. In the in vitro experiment, GV oocytes from aged mice were treated with GH (Gene Science Pharmaceuticals, Changchun, China) (200ng/ml) in M16 medium for 14∼16 hours.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
We analyzed the number of oocytes and hormone levels to assess ovarian reserve, by immunohistochemistry and ELISA methods. The expression of GHR was measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Time–lapse incubator was utilized to record the developmental potential of oocytes and embryos. Immunofluorescence was performed to assess parameters of oocyte quality (mitochondrial functions, ROS level, spindle/chromosome defects, and DNA damage). Chromosome spread and single-cell DNA sequencing were used to analyze chromosome aneuploidy rate.
Main results and the role of chance
The expression of GHR decreased in aged oocyte (21.68±1.08) and increased after GH treatment(30.64±0.70, P < 0.001). GH ameliorated decline in ovarian reserve of aged mice, with increased ovarian index (0.040%±0.0031 vs 0.023%±0.0019, P < 0.01), number of preantral follicles (7.33±0.89 vs 4.12±0.58, P < 0.05) and antral follicles (8.67±1.2 vs 3.33±0.88, P < 0.05) compared to the aged controls, but no other hormonal differences were detected. After GH supplementation, aged oocyte showed better quality and developmental potential, including restored mitochondrial functions (P < 0.05) and decreased ROS level (19.83±1.50 vs 23.6±1.72, P < 0.05). As expected, GH effectively promoted the fertilization rate (39.9%±1.10 vs 14.4%±0.62, P < 0.001) and early embryo development (P < 0.01). In addition, the spindle/chromosome defects (31.6%±2.12 vs 48.9%±1.83, P < 0.01), DNA damage (16.37±1.76 vs 49.35±2.52, P < 0.001) and aneuploidy rate (21.5%±1.61 vs 34.6%±1.84, P < 0.01) were lower in GH group than that in control group. Overall, GH treatment restored age-related decline in ovarian reserve, and decreased the occurrence rate of aneuploidy caused by spindle/chromosome defects, inducing a better oocyte quality in aged mice.
Limitations, reasons for caution
The molecular and mechanism of GH to regulate spindle/chromosome function remains to be determined. Besides, future work should be extended to human oocyte to determine whether this mechanism is conserved between mice and humans.
Wider implications of the findings
Our work expounds a theoretical basis for application of GH to improve the fertility of aged women. Besides, the results also feed new ideas for the prevention and treatment of oocyte quality decline in assisted reproductive technology.
Trial registration number
not applicable
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P-759 Comparison of DNA methylation profiles of human embryo cultured in either uninterrupted or interrupted incubators. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Are there are differences in the DNA methylation profiles of human embryos cultured in Time-lapse imaging (TLI) and standard incubators (SI)?
Summary answer
The genome-wide DNA methylation landscape was globally similar between the SI and TLI groups.
What is known already
Early embryonic development is a special biological process, along with dynamic changes of DNA methylation. In vitro culturing ensured the successful development of human embryo, and is the most important step of ART cycle. TLI is one type of newly developed ART embryo culture systems, which allows for continuous assessment of embryonic development. Our previous study performed transcriptome analysis to compare SI and TLI and found that the global transcriptomic profiles were similar between the two groups. However, whether there are differences in the DNA methylation profiles of human embryos cultured in TLI and SI still unknown.
Study design, size, duration
This study was designed to explore the influence of SI and TLI incubator culturing on genome-wide DNA methylation of human eight-cell embryos. A total of 9 women who received IVF treatment, ≤ 30 years old (range: 20–30 years), without a history of genetic diseases or smoking were included in this study.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Transvaginal oocyte retrieval was performed 36 h after HCG injection. Cumulus-enclosed oocytes were collected in 2.5 mL IVF medium and incubated in 5% O2, 6% CO2, and 37 °C incubators for insemination. The fertilized oocytes were transferred into pre-equilibrated Embryoslides. Then the embryoslides were cultured in either TLI or SI at 37 °C with 5% O2 and 6% CO2 until embryo transfer on Day 3. Samples were sequenced by the Illumina HiSeq 4000 with a 150-bp paired-end.
Main results and the role of chance
The genome-wide methylation patterns and CpG methylation levels in transposable elements and imprinting control regions of TLI-cultured embryos were similar to those of the SI-cultured embryos. However, a small number of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were detected, and these DMRs mainly occurred in exons other than promoters. Functional annotation revealed that the genes in DMRs tended to execute functions such as cell cycle, DNA damage stimulus, histone modification, mitochondrial, glucose import, and MAPK signaling pathway.
Limitations, reasons for caution
Small sample size.
Wider implications of the findings
Evaluated the safety of TLI culture system from the perspective of DNA methylation at single-cell level, and provided an important reference for understanding the association between embryo culture condition and epigenetic regulation.
Trial registration number
not applicable
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A multimodality intervention to improve musculoskeletal health, function, metabolism, and well-being in spinal cord injury: study protocol for the FIT-SCI randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:493. [PMID: 35614404 PMCID: PMC9130453 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating, life-changing event that has profoundly deleterious effects on an individual's health and well-being. Dysregulation of neuromuscular, cardiometabolic, and endocrine organ systems following an SCI contribute to excess morbidity, mortality and a poor quality of life. As no effective treatments currently exist for SCI, the development of novel strategies to improve the functional and health status of individuals living with SCI are much needed. To address this knowledge gap, the current study will determine whether a Home-Based Multimodality Functional Recovery and Metabolic Health Enhancement Program that consists of functional electrical stimulation of the lower extremity during leg cycling (FES-LC) plus arm ergometry (AE) administered using behavioral motivational strategies, and testosterone therapy, is more efficacious than FES-LC plus AE and placebo in improving aerobic capacity, musculoskeletal health, function, metabolism, and wellbeing in SCI. METHODS This single-site, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial will enroll 88 community-dwelling men and women, 19 to 70 years of age, with cervical and thoracic level of SCI, ASIA Impairment Scale grade: A, B, C, or D, 6 months or later after an SCI. Participants randomized to the multimodality intervention will undergo 16 weeks of home-based FES-LC and AE training plus testosterone undecanoate. Testosterone undecanoate injections will be administered by study staff in clinic or by a visiting nurse in the participant's home. The control group will receive 16 weeks of home-based FES-LC and AE exercise plus placebo injections. The primary outcome of this trial is peak aerobic capacity, measured during an incremental exercise testing protocol. Secondary outcomes include whole body and regional lean and adipose tissue mass; muscle strength and power; insulin sensitivity, lipids, and inflammatory markers; SCI functional index and wellbeing (mood, anxiety, pain, life satisfaction and depressive symptoms); and safety. DISCUSSION We anticipate that a multimodality intervention that simultaneously addresses multiple physiological impairments in SCI will result in increased aerobic capacity and greater improvements in other musculoskeletal, metabolic, functional and patient-reported outcomes compared to the control intervention. The findings of this study will have important implications for improving the care of people living with an SCI. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov : ( NCT03576001 ). Prospectively registered: July 3, 2018.
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[Interference of P2X4 receptor expression in tumor-associated macrophages suppresses migration and invasion of glioma cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:658-664. [PMID: 35673908 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.05.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of interference of P2X4 receptor expression in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) on invasion and migration of glioma cells. METHODS C57BL/6 mouse models bearing gliomas in the caudate nucleus were examined for glioma pathology with HE staining and expressions of Iba-1 and P2X4 receptor with immunofluorescence assay. RAW264.7 cells were induced into TAMs using conditioned medium from GL261 cells, and the changes in mRNA expressions of macrophage polarization-related markers and the mRNA and protein expressions of P2X4 receptor were detected with RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The effect of siRNA-mediated P2X4 interference on IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA and protein expressions in the TAMs was detected with RT-qPCR and Western blotting. GL261 cells were cultured in the conditioned medium from the transfected TAMs, and the invasion and migration abilities of the cells were assessed with Transwell invasion and migration experiment. RESULTS The glioma tissues from the tumor-bearing mice showed a significantly greater number of Iba-1-positive cells, where an obviously increased P2X4 receptor expression was detected (P=0.001), than the brain tissues of the control mice (P < 0.001). The M2 macrophage markers (Arg-1 and IL-10) and M1 macrophage markers (iNOS and TNF-α) were both significantly up-regulated in the TAMs derived from RAW264.7 cells (all P < 0.01), but the up-regulation of the M2 macrophage markers was more prominent; the expression levels of P2X4 receptor protein and mRNA were both increased in the TAMs (P < 0.05). Interference of P2X4 receptor expression significantly lowered the mRNA(P < 0.01)and protein (P < 0.01, P < 0.05)expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the TAMs and obviously inhibited the ability of the TAMs to promote invasion and migration of the glioma cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Interference of P2X4 receptor in the TAMs suppresses the migration and invasion of glioma cells possibly by lowering the expressions of IL-1β and IL-18.
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Diagnostic panel of serum miR-125b-5p, miR-182-5p, and miR-200c-3p as non-invasive biomarkers for urothelial bladder cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:909-918. [PMID: 35028929 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify a diagnostic panel of serum microRNAs (miRNAs) for the early detection of bladder cancer (BC). METHODS Serum samples were collected from 112 BC patients and 112 normal controls (NCs). A three-stage selection was conducted to identify differentially expressed miRNAs as candidates to construct the diagnostic panel. Further, to explore their potential roles in urothelial BC, bioinformatics analyses, including target genes prediction and functional annotation, were used. RESULTS Six downregulated miRNAs (miR-1-3p, miR-30a-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-143-3p, and miR-200c-3p) and one upregulated, miR-182-5p, in BC patients' serum were detected compared to NCs and were selected to establish the diagnostic panel. Based on a backward stepwise logistic regression analysis, miR-125b-5p, miR-182-5p, and miR-200c-3p comprehended the diagnostic panel [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.959, sensitivity = 91.67%, specificity = 92.5%]. CONCLUSION The panel of three miRNAs had an excellent diagnostic capability, representing a potential non-invasive method for early BC detection.
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[Identification of rare variants in exons of NLRC4 gene in patients with type 1 diabetes and their impact on gene function]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2022; 102:1216-1223. [PMID: 35462504 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20210803-01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To identify rare variants in exon and exon-intron boundary of containing NLR family CARD domain protein 4 (NLRC4) in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients, and to explore their effects on gene function. Methods: A total of 508 T1DM patients and 527 healthy controls in the Department of Metabolic Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from August 2017 to September 2020 were selected. The case group included 264 males and 244 females, and the age [M (Q1, Q3)] was [27 (11, 43)] years. The control group included 290 males and 237 females, and their age[M(Q1,Q3)]was [47 (36, 60)] years old. Identification of rare variants in exons of NLRC4 gene in T1DM patients and healthy controls was performed and verified by next-generation sequencing and sanger sequencing. The NLRC4 gene wild-type and mutant plasmids were constructed and transfected into 293T cells. Western blot (WB) was used to detect the expression of NLRC4 protein and cleavage products of pro-cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase(procaspase-1). Cycloheximide (CHX) was added to 293T cells transfected with wild-type or mutant NLRC4 plasmid to detect the degradation of NLRC4 protein. The localization of NLRC4 protein was detected by immunofluorescence, and the concentration of IL-1β in the cell supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The sequencing results showed that 4 patients and 2 healthy controls had a heterozygous variant c.208C>T in exon 3 of the NLRC4 gene. Two patient had a heterozygous variant c.1564T>C in exon 4, and 1 patients had c.1219G>C in exon 4. These three variants might be pathogenic variants in T1DM. In 293T cells transfected with NLRC4 wild-type and c.208C>T、c.1564T>Cc.1219G>C mutant plasmids, the expression level, degradation rate, localization of NLRC4 protein and the content of cleavage products of procaspase-1 did not change significantly. However, the concentration of IL-1β secreted by 293T cells transfected with c.1219G>C and c.208C>T plasmid [M(Q1, Q3)] was 15.25 (12.98, 17.52) and 15.44 (13.81, 17.07) ng/L, respectively, which was lower than 18.70 (16.59, 20.81) ng/L of 293T cells transfected wild-type plasmid (P=0.020, 0.010). Conclusions: NLRC4 gene rare variants c.208C>T, c.1564T>C and c.1219G>C may not change the protein expression, degradation and localization, but c.208C>T and c.1219G>C may inhibit the secretion of IL-1β. This result suggests that NLRC4 rare variants may have an impact on gene function.
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Screening for drug-dependent antibodies to prevent complications in patients receiving oxaliplatin desensitization. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.12.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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The influence of CYP2R1 polymorphisms and gene-obesity interaction with hypertension risk in a Chinese rural population. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:241-248. [PMID: 34906413 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several studies have reported that variants in CYP2R1 have been linked with an increased risk of hypertension. However, the interaction between CYP2R1 variants and environmental factors on the susceptibility of hypertension remained unclear. Therefore, this study evaluated the influence of CYP2R1 polymorphisms on hypertension susceptibility, and explored the interaction effect of CYP2R1 variations and obesity on the disease. METHODS AND RESULTS We included 766 incident hypertension cases matched with non-hypertension controls in a 1:1 ratio by sex, age (within 3 years). Two loci in CYP2R1 gene (rs10766197 and rs12794714) were genotyped by TaqMan probe assays. The concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D was determined by human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The associations of CYP2R1 polymorphisms and risks of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) were analyzed by logistic regression. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was used to analyze the gene-environment interaction. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the effect of CYP2R1 gene variations, and the interaction between CYP2R1 variation and obesity on hypertension susceptibility. The results showed that rs10766197 (GG vs. AA) and rs12794714 (GG vs. AA) polymorphisms were both associated with an increased risk of VDD (OR = 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08-2.05 and OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.19-2.25, respectively), after adjustment for potential risk factors. We also found that rs12794714 polymorphism was significantly associated with elevated risk of hypertension under the dominant model (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.01-1.56). In addition, the interactions between rs12794714 with both general obesity (OR = 3.93, 95% CI = 2.72-5.68) and central obesity (OR = 3.22, 95% CI = 2.29-4.52) have significant effects on hypertension susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS The study provided further evidence that CYP2R1 variation was associated with a higher risk of hypertension in Chinese rural population. The interaction between CYP2R1 rs12794714 and obesity may increase the risk of hypertension.
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Zandelisib. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta (PI3Kdelta) inhibitor, Treatment of B-cell lymphomas. DRUG FUTURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1358/dof.2022.47.8.3427161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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MRI characterization of hemodynamic patterns of human fetuses with cyanotic congenital heart disease. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2021; 58:824-836. [PMID: 34097323 DOI: 10.1002/uog.23707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the distribution of blood flow and oxygen transport in human fetuses with subtypes of congenital heart disease (CHD) that present with neonatal cyanosis. METHODS Blood flow was measured in the major vessels of 152 late-gestation human fetuses with CHD and 40 gestational-age-matched normal fetuses, using cine phase-contrast MRI. Oxygen saturation (SaO2 ) was measured in the major vessels of 57 fetuses with CHD and 40 controls. RESULTS Compared with controls, we found lower combined ventricular output in fetuses with single-ventricle physiology, with the lowest being observed in fetuses with severe forms of Ebstein's anomaly. Obstructive lesions of the left or right heart were associated with increased flow across the contralateral side. Pulmonary blood flow was reduced in fetuses with Ebstein's anomaly, while those with Ebstein's anomaly and tricuspid atresia had reduced umbilical flow. Flow in the superior vena cava was elevated in fetuses with transposition of the great arteries, normal in fetuses with hypoplastic left heart, tetralogy of Fallot or tricuspid atresia and reduced in fetuses with Ebstein's anomaly. Umbilical vein SaO2 was reduced in fetuses with hypoplastic left heart or tetralogy of Fallot. Ascending aorta and superior vena cava SaO2 were reduced in nearly all CHD subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Fetuses with cyanotic CHD exhibit profound changes in the distribution of blood flow and oxygen transport, which result in changes in cerebral, pulmonary and placental blood flow and oxygenation. These alterations of fetal circulatory physiology may influence the neonatal course and help account for abnormalities of prenatal growth and development that have been described in newborns with cyanotic CHD. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Intervention effects of four exercise modalities on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 25:7687-7697. [PMID: 34982430 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202112_27615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of four exercise modalities on patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, and Embase were searched for relevant studies. The literature search was restricted to those published between January 2010 and June 2021. Randomized controlled trials of exercise interventions on NAFLD were collected. Data were presented as statistical graphics using ADDIS 1.16.5 and R-Studio 4.1. RESULTS Seventeen controlled studies analyzing 1627 patients with NAFLD were included. Patients were divided into the control group (n=688), aerobic training group (AT, n=554), resistance training group (RT, n=232), high-intensity interval training group (HIIT, n=53), and aerobic training with resistance training group (AT+RT, n=100). Results of the statistical analysis showed that the combined exercise intervention had the most significant effect on the total serum cholesterol of patients' mean difference [MD=0.47(0.23, 0.73), p<0.05]. Levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were improved, but no significant difference was found in their levels in the four groups of exercise intervention. The intervention effect of the four exercises on blood lipid and liver enzymes in patients with NAFLD was in the order of AT+RT > HIIT > RT > AT > control. CONCLUSIONS Exercise interventions are recommended as stand-alone or adjunctive therapy. For patients with NAFLD who can tolerate various exercises, priority should be given to AT+RT exercise 4-5 times per week. The exercise intensity should be 50%-70% of the maximum heart rate and performed for >3 months to improve the effectiveness of the exercise supervision intervention.
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[Current status of artificial intelligence application in the field of heart failure]. ZHONGHUA XIN XUE GUAN BING ZA ZHI 2021; 49:1069-1073. [PMID: 34775715 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20210114-00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Two-Port Robotic Laparoscopic Hysterectomy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2021.09.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Improved CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in efficiency via the self-excising cassette (SEC) selection method in C. elegans. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2021; 2021. [PMID: 34549176 PMCID: PMC8449260 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Streamlined, selection-based CRISPR knock-in protocols for C. elegans were first introduced six years ago (Dickinson et al. 2015; Schwartz and Jorgensen 2016). Though these selection-based approaches are powerful, one drawback has been the requirement to inject large numbers of P0 worms (~30-60 per gene target). We have found that a combination of high-purity DNA and a lower concentration of Cas9/sgRNA plasmid dramatically improves efficiency, often resulting in multiple independent CRISPR knock-ins via as few as 10 injected worms, comparable to the efficiency of melted dsDNA templates and purified Cas9 protein (Dokshin et al. 2018; Ghanta and Mello 2020).
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[Mechanism of high expression of high mobility group protein 1 in a rat model of knee osteoarthritis]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:1142-1149. [PMID: 34549703 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.08.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular mechanism triggering pyroptosis of synovial fibroblast-like synoviocytes(FLSs)and the release of high mobility group protein 1(HMGB1)in a rat model of knee osteoarthritis(KOA). METHODS Twelve SD rats were randomized equally into blank control group without any treatment and KOA group with anterior cruciate ligament amputation (ACLT) to induce KOA.HE staining and Mankin score were used to evaluate the damage of knee cartilage.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins and HMGB1 in the synovial tissue.In the cell experiment, rat FLSs were treated with PBS (control group), LPS+ATP (to induce cell pyroptosis), or LPS+ATP+siRNAs (to inhibit pyroptosis of the FLSs), and the cellular expressions of apoptosis-related proteins and HMGB1 were detected using Western blotting; the level of HMGB1 in the culture supernatant was detected with ELISA. RESULTS In the rat models of KOA, the expressions of pyroptosis-related proteins and HMGB1 in the synovial tissue and Mankin score were significantly increased as compared with those in the control group(P < 0.05).In cultured rat FLSs, the expressions of apoptosis related proteins and HMGB1 were significantly higher in the pyroptosis group than in the control group and in cells transfected with the siRNAs targeting NLRP1, NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1(P < 0.05).The protein level of HMGB1 in the culture supernatant was significantly higher in pyroptosis group than in the control and siRNA groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In the pathological process of KOA, NLRPs inflammasome-mediated FLS pyroptosis causes massive release of HMGB1, which is associated with the activation of the downstream molecule caspase-1.
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Abstract LB177: Targeting SIRPα with APX701, a Novel Myeloid Checkpoint Inhibitor. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-lb177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Therapeutically targeting tumor myeloid cells has emerged as a complementary strategy to existing cancer immunotherapy approaches. The interaction of tumor-expressed CD47 with SIRPα (Signal Regulatory Protein-α, SIRPA) on macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils inhibit key immune effector mechanisms. Targeting the SIRPα-CD47 axis represents a novel approach to enhance anti-tumor immunity by augmenting or reactivating critical tumor clearance mechanisms. While agents that target CD47 have shown promise in clinical trials, they present hematological toxicities and antigen sink issues that narrow their therapeutic application. Our approach targets SIRPα to focus on relevant mechanisms related to myeloid cell activation and increase of tumor cell phagocytosis while simultaneously avoiding the undesired effects of targeting CD47. Furthermore, SIRPγ, a close relative of SIRPα, is expressed on T cells and potentially co-stimulates T cell proliferation and is required for trans-endothelial T cell migration. We sought to develop an anti-SIRPα therapeutic that does not cross-react with SIRPγ and avoids potentially deleterious effects on T cell functions. Here, we describe APX701, a novel anti-SIRPα antibody generated using Apexigen's APXiMAB™ proprietary antibody discovery platform, and its differentiated properties as compared to other approaches targeting the SIRPα-CD47 interaction. APX701 binds to human SIRPα at a unique epitope with high affinity (Kd = 0.95nM) and with no detectable binding to SIRPγ expressed on primary human T cells. APX701 strongly binds to the major SIRPα variants—V1 and V2—and potently blocks their interaction with CD47, thereby allowing therapeutic targeting of SIRPα in a majority of patients. APX701 reverses SIRPα-mediated suppression of macrophage phagocytosis, resulting in potent destruction of a variety of tumor cells both as a single agent and in combination with anti-TAA (tumor associated antigen) antibodies including cetuximab, rituximab, and trastuzumab. Moreover, targeting SIRPα with APX701 does not interfere with T cell function, an effect previously observed following anti-CD47 treatment. Together, these data demonstrate the unique binding profile of APX701 and its ability to potently reactivate myeloid cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. Our data support the development of APX701, a promising myeloid checkpoint inhibitor, for the treatment of cancer.
Citation Format: Ryan Alvarado, Sushma Krishnan, Minu K. Srivastava, Christine Tan, George Huang, Swati Jalgaonkar, Frances R. Bahjat, Erin L. Filbert, Xiaodong Yang. Targeting SIRPα with APX701, a Novel Myeloid Checkpoint Inhibitor [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB177.
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Abstract LB175: APX601, a Potent TNFR2 Antagonist as a Novel and Promising Approach to Reverse Tumor Immune Suppression. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-lb175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A key barrier to effective immunotherapy for cancer is the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) characterized by infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). While depletion of immune-suppressive cells is a promising cancer immunotherapy strategy, current approaches are ineffective due to lack of specificity and safety concerns. Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2 (TNFR2) is emerging as a novel, selective target to overcome immunosuppression in the TME. Here we present APX601 as a potent Treg and myeloid suppressive cell inhibitor. APX601 is a humanized IgG1 antibody to TNFR2 generated using APXiMAB™, Apexigen's proprietary antibody platform. APX601 selectively binds human and monkey TNFR2, blocks the binding of TNFR2 to TNF-α and depletes TNFR2-expressing Treg and tumor cells in vitro. In addition to depleting suppressive cells, APX601 can also reverse MDSC and Tregs mediated immune suppression. In human TNFR2 knock-in syngeneic mouse tumor models CT26 and MC38, treatment with APX601 results in significant tumor growth inhibition both as a single agent and in combination with anti-PD-1. Thus, APX601 is a potent antagonist antibody against TNFR2 with the ability to reverse immune suppression in TME and inhibit tumor growth. APX601 was evaluated in a repeat dose range finding toxicology study in monkeys and demonstrated a good safety profile when administered up to 100mg/kg. These data strongly support the development of APX601 as a novel therapeutic approach for reversing tumor immune suppression and for the treatment solid tumors.
Citation Format: Sushma Krishnan, Ryan Alvarado, George Huang, Xiaodong Yang, Erin L. Filbert. APX601, a Potent TNFR2 Antagonist as a Novel and Promising Approach to Reverse Tumor Immune Suppression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB175.
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Preoperative independent risk factors in predicting ureteral stent placement failure of obstructed ureterolithiasis patients. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)00606-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Effects of deuterium content on the thermal stability and deuterium site occupancy of TiZrHfMoNb deuterides. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.121999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sex-dependent associations of maternal androgen levels with offspring BMI and weight trajectory from birth to early childhood. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:851-863. [PMID: 32776198 PMCID: PMC7873156 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT In preclinical studies, high androgen levels during pregnancy are associated with low birth weight and rapid postnatal weight gain in the offspring. However, human data linking prenatal androgens with birth weight and early life weight gain in the offspring are scarce. DESIGN We evaluated 516 mother-child pairs enrolled in the New England birth cohorts of the Collaborative Perinatal Project (1959-1966). We assayed androgen bioactivity in maternal sera during third-trimester using a receptor-mediated luciferase expression bioassay. Age and sex-specific BMI Z-scores (BMIz), defined using established standards, were assessed at birth, 4 months, 1 year, 4 years, and 7 years. We used linear mixed models to evaluate the relation of maternal androgens with childhood BMIz overall and by sex. We examined the association of maternal androgens with fetal growth restriction. The association of weight trajectories with maternal androgens was examined using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS Higher maternal androgen levels associated with lower BMIz at birth (β = - 0.39, 95% CI: - 0.73, - 0.06); this relation was sex-dependent, such that maternal androgens significantly associated with BMIz at birth in girls alone (β = - 0.72, 95% CI: - 1.40, - 0.04). The relation of maternal androgens with fetal growth restriction revealed dose threshold effects that differed by sex. There was no significant association between maternal androgens and weight trajectory overall. However, we found a significant sex interaction (p = 0.01); higher maternal androgen levels associated with accelerated catch-up growth in boys (aOR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.14, 4.03). CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence that maternal androgens may have differential effects on the programming of intrauterine growth and postnatal weight gain depending on fetal sex.
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P72.01 Stress-Induced Upregulation of TNFSF4 in Cancer Associated Fibroblasts Facilitates Chemoresistance of Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Effects of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Cognitive Impairment and Inflammation in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomized, Single-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. JPAD-JOURNAL OF PREVENTION OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE 2021; 8:249-256. [PMID: 34101780 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2021.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the combined action of folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation on cognitive performance and inflammation in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). DESIGN This was a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS Patients (n=120) diagnosed clinically as probable AD and in stable condition from Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. MEASUREMENTS Individuals were randomly divided into the intervention group (n=60, folic acid 1.2 mg/d + vitamin B12 50 μg/d) and the placebo group (n=60). Cognitive performance, blood folate, vitamin B12, one carbon cycle metabolite, and inflammatory cytokine levels were measured at baseline and after 6 months. The data were analyzed using linear mixed models for repeated measures. RESULTS A total of 101 participants (51 in the intervention group and 50 in the placebo group) completed the trial. Folic acid plus vitamin B12 supplementation had a beneficial effect on the MoCA total scores (P=0.029), naming scores (P=0.013), orientation scores (P=0.004), and ADAS-Cog domain score of attention (P=0.008), as compared to those of the control subjects. Moreover, supplementation significantly increased plasma SAM (P<0.001) and SAM/SAH (P<0.001), and significantly decreased the levels of serum Hcy (P<0.001), plasma SAH (P<0.001), and serum TNFα (P<0.001) compared to in the control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation showed a positive therapeutic effect in AD patients who were not on a folic acid-fortified diet. The findings of this study help to delineate nutrient intervention as far as public health management for the prevention of dementia is concerned.
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Abstract
BackgroundA key barrier to effective immunotherapy for cancer is the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) characterized by infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). While depletion of immune-suppressive cells is a promising cancer immunotherapy strategy, current approaches are ineffective due to lack of specificity and safety concerns. Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2 (TNFR2) is emerging as a novel, selective target to overcome immunosuppression in TME. TNFR2 expression is generally restricted to highly immunosuppressive cell populations in the TME and the TNFR2-TNF-α pathway plays an important role in the generation and survival of these cells. TNFR2 is also an oncogene upregulated on certain tumors and can enhance tumor cell survival. Thus, targeting TNFR2 is a promising therapeutic approach with multiple potential mechanisms of action.MethodsA diverse panel of antibodies to TNFR2 was created using APXiMAB™, Apexigen’s proprietary rabbit monoclonal antibody technology. A robust assessment of over 100 antibody candidates for TNFR2 binding, TNF-α blockade and functional assays yielded APX601, a humanized IgG1 antibody, as the lead therapeutic candidate. The ability of APX601 to reverse immune suppression was assessed in Treg and MDSC suppression assays. In addition, the ability of APX601 to deplete TNFR2-expressing Treg and tumor cells was assessed both in vitro and in vivo using the mouse Colo205 xenograft model.ResultsAPX601 binds specifically to human TNFR2 with high affinity (Kd = 47 pM) and recognizes a unique epitope in the CRD1 domain of TNFR2. APX601 is a potent antagonist that blocks the TNFR2-TNF-α interaction in cell-based ligand binding assays (IC50 = 0.149 nM). APX601 is capable of reversing immune suppression via two mechanisms: 1) significant blockade of the immunosuppressive functions of both Tregs and MDSCs by inhibiting the binding of TNFR2 to its ligand TNF-α and 2) depletion of TNFR2-expressing Tregs, MDSC and tumor cells via antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) (EC50 = 1.14 nM) and ADCP (EC50 = 0.71 nM) effector functions.ConclusionsAPX601 is a potent TNFR2 antagonist antibody that reverses immune suppression by targeting TNFR2-expressing Treg and MDSC, and induces killing of tumor cells. Our data support the further development of APX601, a promising immunotherapeutic antibody with multiple potential mechanisms of action, for the treatment of a variety of solid tumors.Ethics ApprovalHealthy human blood samples were obtained from Stanford Blood Center (Palo Alto, CA) from consenting donors under an approved protocol.
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Final Results of a Phase III Randomized Trial of Comparison of Three Paclitaxel-based Regimens Concurrent with Radiotherapy for Patients with Local Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESO-Shanghai2). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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[The classical paragon of medical research: 70-year legacy of the Framingham heart study]. ZHONGHUA XIN XUE GUAN BING ZA ZHI 2020; 48:805-810. [PMID: 32957769 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20200716-00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
As coronavirus disease spreads throughout the United States, policymakers are contemplating reinstatement and relaxation of shelter-in-place orders. By using a model capturing high-risk populations and transmission rates estimated from hospitalization data, we found that postponing relaxation will only delay future disease waves. Cocooning vulnerable populations can prevent overwhelming medical surges.
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Treatment outcomes of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation versus adrenalectomy for adrenal metastases: a retrospective comparative study. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:1249-1257. [PMID: 32166699 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01212-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To retrospectively evaluate the clinical outcomes of percutaneous ultrasound (US)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in treatment of adrenal metastasis (AM), and to compare with adrenalectomy (Adx). METHODS From June 2008 to August 2018, a total of 60 patients with AM treated at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed, of whom 29 treated by RFA (RFA group) and 31 by Adx (Adx group). The technical success, local tumor progression (LTP) and overall survival (OS) after the treatment were evaluated and compared. RESULTS In RFA group, the first technical success was 72.4% and the second technical success was 86.2%. In Adx group, all the AMs were successfully resected. After 24.5 ± 19.1 months follow-up period, a total of 8 patients (6 in RFA group and 2 in Adx group) were detected LTP. The 1-, 2- and 3- LTP rates after treatment were 17.1%, 30.9% and 44.7% in RFA group, and 6.5%, 6.5% and 6.5% in Adx group, respectively (P = 0.028). However, for AM ≤ 5 cm, the LTP between the two groups were comparable (P = 0.068). The 1-, 2- and 3- OS rates after treatment for AM were 85.0%, 42.4% and 27.8% in RFA group, and 93.0%, 66.1% and 52.3% in Adx group, respectively (P = 0.057). RFA offered shorter treatment time (23.6 ± 16.9 vs. 155.6 ± 58.8 min, P < 0.001), shorter hospital stay (7.8 ± 3.9 vs. 15.0 ± 4.9 days, P < 0.001), and lower hospital cost ($3405.7 ± 1067.8 vs. $5248.0 ± 2261.3, P = 0.003) than Adx. CONCLUSION In comparison with Adx, percutaneous US-guided RFA, as an alternative treatment, is feasible and effective in controlling AM, especially in AM ≤ 5 cm in diameter.
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38P Study on human plasma concentration and serosal permeation of oral apatinib mesylate. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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[Therapeutic effect of tonsillectomy on IgA nephropathy after kidney transplantation]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2020; 100:2378-2382. [PMID: 32791815 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20191120-02526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To observe the clinical effect of tonsillectomy on IgA nephropathy (IgAN) after renal transplantation. Methods: From March 2011 to July 2018, 201 kidney transplantation recipients who were diagnosed of IgAN by transplant renal biopsy in the Department of Organ Transplantation of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively reviewed, of which 18 patients underwent tonsillectomy after renal biopsy. The clinical data of the 18 patients were collected, patient and kidney survival time and function of the transplanted kidney were analyzed. Results: Of the 18 recipients, 13 were male and 5 were female, with an average age of (36.0±10.9) years. All 18 patients survived during follow-up. Two patients returned to dialysis treatment 10 months and 14 months after tonsillectomy, respectively. The creatinine was 94 (78, 133) μmol/L, 95 (74, 139) μmol/L, 106 (87, 158) μmol/L and 95(81, 147) μmol/L before tonsillectomy, 3 months, 1 year and 2 years after tonsillectomy, respectively (P=0.206). Urinary protein quantification was 0.31 (0.16, 1.38) g/24 h, 0.34 (0.10, 1.42) g/24 h, 0.33 (0.11, 0.56) g/24 h and 0.25 (0.10, 0.50) g/24 h at the same time points, respectively (P=0.104). The two patients who returned to dialysis were diagnosed of IgAN by transplant renal biopsy because of elevated creatinine, proteinuria and hematuria, 9 years and 4 years after kidney transplant respectively. Renal biopsy suggested that glomerular and segmental sclerosis were 7/24, 5/24 and 1/6, 2/6, respectively. Additionally, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IF/TA) were both occupied 30% in the biopsies, and tonsillectomy was performed 461 days and 1 077 days after diagnosis of IgAN, respectively. Conclusions: Tonsillectomy can maintain the stability of renal function and prevent the aggravation of proteinuria in IgAN patients after renal transplantation. However, if pathology suggests obvious glomerulosclerosis or IF/TA, tonsillectomy may not be effective.
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CRISPR-dCas9-mediated knockdown of prtR, an essential gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:386-393. [PMID: 32506497 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely distributed non-fermentative Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that is often responsible for nosocomial infections. Gene interference is a potentially valuable tool for investigating essential genes in P. aeruginosa. To establish a gene interference platform in P. aeruginosa, CRISPR system was used with an inactive Cas9 protein. The CRISPR-dCas9 system was cloned into pHERD20T, a shuttle vector with arabinose inducible promoter, and was further modified to target a regulatory gene prtR that is essential for the viability of P. aeruginosa. Cells expressing the prtR-targeting CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) showed growth defect in an arabinose dose-dependent manner. A high-throughput RNA sequencing analysis of bacterial cells with or without the CRISPRi-mediated prtR inhibition indicated that prtRis a global regulator affecting multiple biological processes. In conclusion, the CRISPR-dCas9-based gene knockdown system has been successfully implemented in P. aeruginosa and demonstrated to be an effective tool in the investigation of essential or difficult-to-inactivate genes in this species.
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[Comparison of islet autoantigen-specific T cell response detected by direct enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay and accelerated co-cultured dendritic cells (acDCs) assay]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2020; 100:1856-1860. [PMID: 32575927 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20191128-02591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) on accelerated co-cultured dendritic cells (acDCs) and direct detection of islet full-length antigen-specific T cell response in peripheral blood of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: Sixteen patients with T1DM[9 males, 7 females, mean age(28.5±9.4)years] and 12 age-and sex-matched healthy controls were selected in the Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital between March 2012 and August 2014. The numbers of IFN-γ secreting CD4(+)T cells responding to glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD(65)), C-peptide (CP) and insulin (INS) were detected by ELISPOT-acDCs and ELISPOT-direct assays, respectively. The positive rate of islet autoantigen and associated antigen reactive T cells under different detection assays were compared. Results: The positive rate for GAD(65), INS, and CP antigen reactive T cells detected by ELISPOT-acDCs was 1/16, 6/16 and 4/16, respectively, and T cells positive for INS in T1DM patients were higher than that in the controls (0/12) (P=0.024). Combining GAD(65), CP and INS-ELISPOT-acDCs detection, the positive rate for CD4(+) T cells in T1DM patients was higher than that in the controls (9/16 vs 1/12, P=0.016). The positive rate for GAD(65), INS, and CP antigen reactive T cells detected by ELISPOT-direct detection was 2/16, 1/16 and 7/16, respectively, and T cells positive for CP was higher than that in the controls (1/12), but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.088). Likewise, the positive rate for CD4(+) T cells was higher in T1DM patients than that in the controls by combined GAD(65), CP and INS-ELISPOT-direct detection (8/16 vs 1/12, P=0.039). Compared with the ELISPOT-direct assay, the positive rate of INS antigen specific T cell response detected by ELISPOT-acDCs was higher (P=0.041). No statistical differences of other antigens were found between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Both multiple islet antigens-combined CD4(+)-ELISPOT-acDCs and direct assays could provide diagnostic value of cellular immunology for T1DM patients. The ELISPOT-acDCs assay is superior to the ELISPOT-direct assay in the detection of INS antigen-specific T cell response.
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Antimicrobial resistance in southern China: results of prospective surveillance in Dongguan city, 2017. J Hosp Infect 2020; 105:188-196. [PMID: 32243952 PMCID: PMC7270154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have estimated the burden of infections due to antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) pathogens in China. AIM To summarize antimicrobial resistance and assess the frequency of community-associated infections (CAIs) and healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) due to AMR pathogens in Dongguan city, China. METHODS Seven acute care hospitals provided antimicrobial susceptibility data for 2017, from which 'bug-drug' combinations were analysed. To calculate incidence proportions of CAI and incidence densities of HCAI, data from three tertiary care hospitals were merged with patient data, obtained from the Dongguan Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System. FINDINGS A total of 16,548 pathogens were analysed. Non-susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was 43.9% and 30.2%, respectively. Non-susceptibility to carbapenems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii was 29.5% and 50.9%, respectively. A quarter of Staphylococcus aureus (26.3%) were non-susceptible to oxacillin. The incidence density of HCAI due to E. coli non-susceptible to 3GCs and fluoroquinolones combined was 0.09 (95% confidence interval: 0.07-0.11) per 1000 patient-days. Both E. coli and K. pneumoniae were the predominant pathogens isolated from blood. Compared with the 2017 European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network report, the incidence proportion of bloodstream infections due to multidrug-resistant E. coli was significantly higher (14.9% and 4.6%, respectively). CONCLUSION The incidence of non-susceptible bug-drug combinations in Dongguan city was lower compared with China as a whole. Non-susceptible bug-drug combinations were significantly more frequent in HCAI compared with CAI. The incidence proportion of bloodstream infections due to multidrug-resistant pathogens in Dongguan City was higher compared with Europe.
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0898 The Accuracy Of Split-night Study In Assessing Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) In Children And Adolescents. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Split-night polysomnography (PSG) can be used for the diagnosis of OSA, if clinically appropriate, per AASM recommendation based on adult data. However, there are limited data in pediatric population. The aim of our study is to assess the accuracy of split-night-PSG compared with a full-night-PSG in children with OSA.
Methods
A retrospective review was performed in children and adolescents who were diagnosed with OSA during a diagnostic PSG (oAHI >1). Sleep and respiratory parameters from the full-night-PSG(F) were compared with the first three hours of the same PSG(S). Subgroup analysis was performed for age and OSA severity. The results were reported as mean±SD. All variables were compared with paired T-test.
Results
226 met the criteria for entry into analysis. The mean age was 7.8y±5.8. For the whole cohort, there were no significant differences in the mean AHI and oAHI [7.3±11.7(F)vs6.9±13.9(S),p=0.26] between full-night and split-night studies. Subgroup analysis revealed that children aged 2-12 yo (n=120) had significant differences in the mean AHI [6.1±7.1(F)vs4.8±6.4(S)p=0.002] and the mean oAHI [4.8±5.6(F)vs3.9±5.4(S)p=0.03]. In addition, subgroup analysis of mild OSA (n=137) showed a significant difference in the mean AHI (p=0.006), but not in the mean oAHI (p=0.08). There were no significant differences in the mean AHI and oAHI in the moderate to severe OSA group. Based on the first 3 hours of PSG, 16.8%(n=38) of patients were inaccurately classified to have no OSA, while the severity was misclassified in 37.6%(n=85) of patients (underestimated in 30%(n=68) and overestimated in 7.5%(n=17)).
Conclusion
Although there were no differences in the mean AHI and oAHI, split-night-PSG misclassified diagnosis and severity in a significant proportion of our pediatric cohort. In addition, the accuracy of split-night-PSG is influenced by age and severity of OSA. Further studies are needed to identify factors that play a role in these differences.
Support
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Children’s Foundation
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Cocooning is essential to relaxing social distancing. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020:2020.05.03.20089920. [PMID: 32511509 PMCID: PMC7273277 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.03.20089920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As the first wave of COVID-19 recedes, policymakers are contemplating the relaxation of shelter-in-place orders. Using a model capturing high-risk populations and transmission rates estimated from hospitalization data, we find that postponing relaxation will only delay a second wave and cocooning vulnerable populations is needed to prevent overwhelming medical surges.
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The importance of preventing COVID-19 in surgical wards cannot be overemphasized. Br J Surg 2020; 107:e198. [PMID: 32383500 PMCID: PMC7267396 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Combining camera‐trap surveys and hunter interviews to determine the status of mammals in protected rainforests and rubber plantations of Menglun, Xishuangbanna, SW China. Anim Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Multifunctional phototheranostic nanomedicine for cancer imaging and treatment. Mater Today Bio 2020; 5:100035. [PMID: 32211603 PMCID: PMC7083767 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2019.100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer, as one of the most life-threatening diseases, shows a high fatality rate around the world. When improving the therapeutic efficacy of conventional cancer treatments, researchers also conduct extensive studies into alternative therapeutic approaches, which are safe, valid, and economical. Phototherapies, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), are tumor-ablative and function-reserving oncologic interventions, showing strong potential in clinical cancer treatment. During phototherapies, the non-toxic phototherapeutic agents can be activated upon light irradiation to induce cell death without causing much damage to normal tissues. Besides, with the rapid development of nanotechnology in the past decades, phototheranostic nanomedicine also has attracted tremendous interests aiming to continuously refine their performance. Herein, we reviewed the recent progress of phototheranostic nanomedicine for improved cancer therapy. After a brief introduction of the therapeutic principles and related phototherapeutic agents for PDT and PTT, the existing works on developing of phototheranostic nanomedicine by mainly focusing on their categories and applications, particularly on phototherapy-synergized cancer immunotherapy, are comprehensively reviewed. More importantly, a brief conclusion and future challenges of phototheranostic nanomedicine from our point of view are delivered in the last part of this article.
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Identification of Racial Inequities in Access to Specialized Inpatient Heart Failure Care at an Academic Medical Center. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 12:e006214. [PMID: 31658831 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.119.006214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial inequities for patients with heart failure (HF) have been widely documented. HF patients who receive cardiology care during a hospital admission have better outcomes. It is unknown whether there are differences in admission to a cardiology or general medicine service by race. This study examined the relationship between race and admission service, and its effect on 30-day readmission and mortality Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study from September 2008 to November 2017 at a single large urban academic referral center of all patients self-referred to the emergency department and admitted to either the cardiology or general medicine service with a principal diagnosis of HF, who self-identified as white, black, or Latinx. We used multivariable generalized estimating equation models to assess the relationship between race and admission to the cardiology service. We used Cox regression to assess the association between race, admission service, and 30-day readmission and mortality. RESULTS Among 1967 unique patients (66.7% white, 23.6% black, and 9.7% Latinx), black and Latinx patients had lower rates of admission to the cardiology service than white patients (adjusted rate ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84-0.98, for black; adjusted rate ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72-0.97 for Latinx). Female sex and age >75 years were also independently associated with lower rates of admission to the cardiology service. Admission to the cardiology service was independently associated with decreased readmission within 30 days, independent of race. CONCLUSIONS Black and Latinx patients were less likely to be admitted to cardiology for HF care. This inequity may, in part, drive racial inequities in HF outcomes.
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