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Umano GR, Cirillo G, Sanchez G, Rondinelli G, Foderini MV, Ferrara S, Di Sessa A, Marzuillo P, Papparella A, Santoro N, Miraglia Del Giudice E. The lncOb rs10487505 polymorphism impairs insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in children and adolescents with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2359-2364. [PMID: 37550829 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leptin plays a key role in the regulation of body weight and other endocrine systems. Recently, impairment of leptin gene transcription due to genetic variations in a long noncoding RNA (lncOb) has been described. This retrospective study aims to characterize the clinical and metabolic phenotype of children and adolescents with obesity who were homozygous for the lncOb rs10487505 leptin lowering allele. METHODS Enrolled children underwent an anthropometrical evaluation, biochemical assessment, and genotyping for lncOb rs10487505. Plasma leptin levels were assessed in 150 participants. A total of 434 patients were included and divided into two groups according to rs10487505 recessive inheritance (CC vs. GG/GC). RESULTS Children who were homozygous for the C allele showed higher fasting insulin (p = 0.01), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (p = 0.01), lower whole-body insulin sensitivity index (p = 0.02), and lower disposition index (p = 0.03). Moreover, CC patients presented with a higher prevalence of prediabetes (9.3% vs. 3.4%, p = 0.04) and a 2.9-fold (95% CI: 1.1-7.9, p = 0.04) higher risk of prediabetes compared with G-carriers independently from confounders. Leptin plasma levels were significantly lower in the CC group (p = 0.002). Hormone levels correlated with BMI z score (r = 0.19, p = 0.04), fasting insulin (r = -0.34, p < 0.0001), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r = -0.33, p < 0.0001), and disposition index (r = 0.20, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS The lncOb rs10487505 polymorphism affects leptin circulating levels, worsens insulin resistance, and heightens the risk of prediabetes in children and adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Rosaria Umano
- Department of the Woman, the Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Grazia Cirillo
- Department of the Woman, the Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Sanchez
- Department of the Woman, the Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Rondinelli
- Department of the Woman, the Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Foderini
- Department of the Woman, the Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Ferrara
- Department of the Woman, the Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Di Sessa
- Department of the Woman, the Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Marzuillo
- Department of the Woman, the Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Papparella
- Department of the Woman, the Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Santoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, "V. Tiberio" University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of the Woman, the Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Umano GR, Cirillo G, Rondinelli G, Sanchez G, Marzuillo P, Guarino S, Di Sessa A, Papparella A, Miraglia del Giudice E. LSS rs2254524 Increases the Risk of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents with Obesity. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1618. [PMID: 37628669 PMCID: PMC10454860 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity and its related comorbidities have become major health issues over the last century. Among these comorbidities, cardiovascular diseases, especially hypertension, are the most significant. Recently, a polymorphism affecting the activity of lanosterol synthase has been associated with an increased risk of hypertension in adolescents. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of LSS rs2254524 polymorphism on blood pressure in children and adolescents with obesity. We enrolled 828 obese children aged 6-17 years. Subjects carrying the A allele showed higher rates of systolic and diastolic stage I hypertension and stage II hypertension. Carriers of the A allele showed a 2.4-fold (95% C.I. 1.5-4.7, p = 0.01) higher risk for stage II hypertension and a 1.9-fold higher risk for stage I hypertension (95% C.I. 1.4-2.6, p < 0.0001). The risk was independent of confounding factors. In conclusion, LSS rs2254524 worsens the cardiovascular health of children and adolescents with obesity, increasing their blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Rosaria Umano
- Department of the Woman, the Child, of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (G.R.); (G.S.); (P.M.); (S.G.); (A.D.S.); (A.P.); (E.M.d.G.)
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Palumbo S, Cirillo G, Sanchez G, Aiello F, Fachin A, Baldo F, Pellegrin MC, Cassio A, Salerno M, Maghnie M, Faienza MF, Wasniewska M, Fintini D, Giacomozzi C, Ciccone S, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Tornese G, Grandone A. A new DLK1 defect in a family with idiopathic central precocious puberty: elucidation of the male phenotype. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 46:1233-1240. [PMID: 36577869 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01997-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate a cohort of female and male patients with idiopathic central precocious puberty (CPP), negative for Makorin Ring Finger Protein 3 (MKRN3) defect, by molecular screening for Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) defects. DLK1 is an imprinted gene, whose mutations have been described as a rare cause of CPP in girls and adult women with precocious menarche, obesity and metabolic derangement. METHODS We enrolled 14 girls with familial CPP and 13 boys with familial or sporadic CPP from multiple academic hospital centers. Gene sequencing of DLK1 gene was performed. Circulating levels of DLK1 were measured and clinical and biochemical characteristics were described in those with DLK1 defects. RESULTS A novel heterozygous mutation in DLK1, c.288_289insC (p.Cys97Leufs*16), was identified in a male proband, his sister and their father. Age at onset of puberty was in line with previous reports in the girl and 8 years in the boy. The father with untreated CPP showed short stature. No metabolic derangement was present in the father except hypercholesterolemia. Undetectable Dlk1 serum levels indicated the complete lack of protein production in the three affected patients. CONCLUSION A DLK1 defect has been identified for the first time in a boy, underscoring the importance of genetic testing in males with idiopathic or sporadic CPP. The short stature reported by his untreated father suggests the need for timely diagnosis and treatment of subjects with DLK1 defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Palumbo
- Department of Child, Women, General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania, "L. Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio n° 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - G Cirillo
- Department of Child, Women, General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania, "L. Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio n° 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - G Sanchez
- Department of Child, Women, General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania, "L. Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio n° 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - F Aiello
- Department of Child, Women, General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania, "L. Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio n° 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - A Fachin
- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Baldo
- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - M C Pellegrin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Cassio
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Salerno
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M Maghnie
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - M F Faienza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pediatric Unit, University of Bari A. Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - M Wasniewska
- Unit of Paediatrics, Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - D Fintini
- Endocrinology Unit, University-Hospital Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - C Giacomozzi
- Unit of Pediatrics, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Carlo Poma Hospital, ASST-Mantova, Mantua, Italy
| | - S Ciccone
- Pediatric Unit-"M. Bufalini" Hospital - Cesena, Cesena, Italy
| | - E Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Child, Women, General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania, "L. Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio n° 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - G Tornese
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Grandone
- Department of Child, Women, General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania, "L. Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio n° 2, 80138, Naples, Italy.
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Jolivalt CG, Aghanoori MR, Navarro-Diaz MC, Han MM, Sanchez G, Guernsey L, Quach D, Johe K, Fernyhough P, Calcutt NA. Enhancement of Mitochondrial Function by the Neurogenic Molecule NSI-189 Accompanies Reversal of Peripheral Neuropathy and Memory Impairment in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:8566970. [PMID: 35967127 PMCID: PMC9372526 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8566970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to many forms of peripheral and central nervous system degeneration. Therapies that protect mitochondrial number and function have the potential to impact the progression of conditions such as diabetic neuropathy. We therefore assessed indices of mitochondrial function in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and brain cortex of the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model of type 2 diabetes and tested the therapeutic impact of a neurogenic compound, NSI-189, on both mitochondrial function and indices of peripheral and central neurological dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS ZDF rats were maintained for 16 weeks of untreated diabetes before the start of oral treatment with NSI-189 for an additional 16 weeks. Nerve conduction velocity, sensitivity to tactile and thermal stimuli, and behavioral assays of cognitive function were assessed monthly. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, mitochondrial protein levels, and respiratory complex activities were assessed in the DRG and brain cortex after 16 weeks of treatment with NSI-189. RESULTS Treatment with NSI-189 selectively elevated the expression of protein subunits of complexes III and V and activities of respiratory complexes I and IV in the brain cortex, and this was accompanied by amelioration of impaired memory function and plasticity. In the sensory ganglia of ZDF rats, loss of AMPK activity was ameliorated by NSI-189, and this was accompanied by reversal of multiple indices of peripheral neuropathy. CONCLUSIONS Efficacy of NSI-189 against dysfunction of the CNS and PNS function in type 2 diabetic rats was accompanied by improvement of mitochondrial function. NSI-189 exhibited actions at different levels of mitochondrial regulation in central and peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. G. Jolivalt
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pathology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M. R. Aghanoori
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - M. C. Navarro-Diaz
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pathology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M. M. Han
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pathology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - G. Sanchez
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pathology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - L. Guernsey
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pathology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - D. Quach
- Neuralstem Inc., Germantown, MD, USA
| | - K. Johe
- Neuralstem Inc., Germantown, MD, USA
| | - P. Fernyhough
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - N. A. Calcutt
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pathology, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Sanchez G, Gutierrez A, Jímenez J, Correa R, Alegría Baños J, Grajales Alvarez R. 165P Comparison of male and female breast cancer in reference hospital in Mexico. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.03.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Mejia A, Arias Perez W, Zambrano Y, Gómez Pulgarín S, Tejada Moreno J, Gónzales L, Jaramillo R, Rodas Y, Navarro E, Ossa A, Borrero M, Angel G, Cock-Rada A, Rinaldi S, Romieu I, Dean M, Sanchez G. Frequency and spectrum of mutations in the BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, P53, PTEN, CHEK2, CDH1 genes in women from 3 cities of Colombia. Breast 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(21)00259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Mc Loughlin S, Terrasa S, Ljungqvist O, Sanchez G, Garcia Fornari G, Alvarez A. Nausea and vomiting in a colorectal ERAS program: Impact on nutritional recovery and the length of hospital stay. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019; 34:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Casale M, Cozzolino F, Scianguetta S, Pucci P, Monaco V, Sanchez G, Santoro C, Rubino R, Cannata M, Perrotta S. Hb Vanvitelli: A new unstable α-globin chain variant causes undiagnosed chronic haemolytic anaemia when co-inherited with deletion − α3.7. Clin Biochem 2019; 74:80-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Nuciforo P, Jimenez J, Fasani R, Ruiz F, Sevillano C, Sanchez G, Martinez P, Serres X, Saura C, Elez E, Felip E, Oaknin A, Brana I, Muñoz-Couselo E, Macarulla Mercade T, Alsina Maqueda M, Carles J, Dienstmann R, Tabernero J, Garralda E. Prospective pathological experience with research biopsies in the context of clinical trials at Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz268.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Fruhauf C, Mendoza N, Greenwood-Junkermeier H, Carson J, Sanchez G, Spencer C, Yancura L, Riggs N. “I STOPPED SMOKING.” GRANDPARENT CAREGIVERS’ SELF-CARE PRACTICES FOLLOWING AN INTERVENTION. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Harper M, Melgar A, Oh J, Nedelkov K, Sanchez G, Roth G, Hristov A. Inclusion of brown midrib dwarf pearl millet silage in the diet of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Olivier M, Bouaoun L, Torres-Mejia G, Garmendia M, Sanchez G, Porras C, Romieu I, Porter P, Rinaldi S. PO-310 Genomic features of premenopausal breast cancers in latin american women: the PRECAMA study. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Molins L, Fibla JJ, Izquierdo C, Hernandez J, Sanchez-Lorente D, Montes AG, Sanchez G, Quero F, Cueto A. P-157LUNG CANCER SURGERY IN WOMEN: DIFFERENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS AND POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN A PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTRE STUDY. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivx280.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Besada C, Sanchez G, Gil R, Granell A, Salvador A. Volatile metabolite profiling reveals the changes in the volatile compounds of new spontaneously generated loquat cultivars. Food Res Int 2017; 100:234-243. [PMID: 28873683 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the advantageous traits of three new loquat cultivars have drawn the attention of breeders and growers. All three have spontaneously arisen from the 'Algerie' cultivar: the new 'Xirlero' cultivar is a bud mutant of 'Algerie', while 'Amadeo' and 'Raúl' arose as chance seedlings. Following a non-targeted approach based on HS-SPME-GC-MS, the volatile compounds profile of the fruits from the new cultivars were obtained and compared to the original 'Algerie' cultivar. Carboxylic acids clearly dominated the volatile profile of all the loquat cultivars, but esters, aldehydes, ketones and alcohols were also predominant compounds. Interestingly when the bud mutant event did not lead to marked changes in the volatile compounds complement, pronounced changes in the volatile composition of chance seedling-generated cultivars 'Amadeo' and 'Raúl' were observed. 'Amadeo' fruits showed lower levels of 2-methyl butanoic acid and much higher levels of methylhexanoate, methylbutanoate and 2-hydroxy-5-methylacetophenone. The 'Raúl' cultivar also had a distinctive volatile profile characterised by high levels of C6-aldehydes, (E)-2-hexanal, 2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenal and hexanal, and several carotenoid-derived volatiles; e.g. 2-pentene-1,4-dione 1-(1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentyl), (S)-dihydroactinidiolide, isodurene, cis-geranyl acetone, β-damascenone, β-ionone, α-ionone and 3,4-dehydro-β-ionone. These changes in volatiles were associated with a more intense flavour in cultivars 'Amadeo' and 'Raúl', according to the sensory evaluation of the flavour intensity carried out by a semi-trained panel. A metabolomic correlation network analysis provided insights as to how volatiles were regulated, and revealed that the compounds modified in 'Amadeo' were uncoupled from the rest of the volatilome, while the volatiles modified in 'Raul' changed according to specific groups. To conclude, this work provides a holistic view of how the loquat volatilome was affected, and this information was integrated with the physical-chemical-sensory attributes to understand the changes that occur in the new cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Besada
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Carretera Moncada-Náquera, km 4,5, 46113 Valencia, Spain.
| | - G Sanchez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta N°9, Km 170, 2930 San Pedro, Argentina
| | - R Gil
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Carretera Moncada-Náquera, km 4,5, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - A Granell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Ingeniero Fausto Elio, s/n. 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Salvador
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Carretera Moncada-Náquera, km 4,5, 46113 Valencia, Spain
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Ronco AL, De Stefani E, Lasalvia-Galante E, Mendoza B, Vazquez A, Sanchez G. Hot infusions and risk of colorectal cancer in Uruguay: a case-control study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:ejcn2017130. [PMID: 28832574 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The evidence of possible roles for the most common hot infusions intake (tea and coffee) in the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) needs additional data. Regarding 'mate' intake (infusion of Ilex paraguariensis herb), a previous multi-site study reported lack of association for its highest intake on CRC risk. The present study was conducted to better understand the associations between the intake of this and other infusions and CRC risk. SUBJECTS/METHODS Patients (611 CRC incident cases and 2394 controls, all belonging to public hospitals) were interviewed through a questionnaire, including socio-demographic, reproductive and lifestyle variables, and a food-frequency questionnaire of 64 items, analyzing tea, 'mate' and coffee intake (consumer status, daily intake, age at start and at quit). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated through unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for relevant potential confounders. RESULTS Tea and coffee intake displayed significant and inverse associations with CRC risk, mainly among men (OR=0.54, 95% CI 0.38-0.76 for tea and OR=0.59, 95% CI 0.41-0.85 for coffee). Mate intake showed a significant inverse association among women (OR=0.50, 95% CI 0.33-0.77), with a marginal heterogeneity between sexes (P=0.07). Concerning age strata, tea intake displayed inverse associations in all ages, whereas 'mate' and coffee intake showed stronger inverse associations for age ⩾70, suggesting a gradient along time. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of different significant inverse associations for tea, 'mate' and coffee intake and CRC risk. To our knowledge, this is the first epidemiologic study reporting inverse results on 'mate' intake and CRC, which are explained by a stronger association among women.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 23 August 2017; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2017.130.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Ronco
- Unit of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Pereira Rossell Women's Hospital, Montevideo, Uruguay
- IUCLAEH School of Medicine, Maldonado, Uruguay
- Biomedical Sciences Center, University of Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - E De Stefani
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital, UDELAR State University, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - B Mendoza
- Biomedical Sciences Center, University of Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Hospital, UDELAR State University, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A Vazquez
- Biomedical Sciences Center, University of Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G Sanchez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Hospital, UDELAR State University, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Torres L, Sanchez G, Garcia M. P-327 Biologic Therapy in the management of locally advanced rectal cancer, experience of the National Medical Center November 20, Mexico City. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv233.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Cubillo A, Álvarez R, Rodriguez-Pascual J, Muñoz M, Pond G, Perea S, Sanchez G, Martin M, Garralda E, De Vicente E, Quijano Y, Hidalgo M. Angiogenic Switch As Predictor of Response to Chemotherapy+ Bevacizumab in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu333.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Xie J, Butler S, Sanchez G, Mateos M. Male killing Spiroplasma protects Drosophila melanogaster against two parasitoid wasps. Heredity (Edinb) 2013; 112:399-408. [PMID: 24281548 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2013.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternally transmitted associations between endosymbiotic bacteria and insects are diverse and widespread in nature. Owing to imperfect vertical transmission, many heritable microbes have evolved compensational mechanisms to enhance their persistence in host lineages, such as manipulating host reproduction and conferring fitness benefits to host. Symbiont-mediated defense against natural enemies of hosts is increasingly recognized as an important mechanism by which endosymbionts enhance host fitness. Members of the genus Spiroplasma associated with distantly related Drosophila hosts are known to engage in either reproductive parasitism (i.e., male killing) or defense against natural enemies (the parasitic wasp Leptopilina heterotoma and a nematode). A male-killing strain of Spiroplasma (strain Melanogaster Sex Ratio Organism (MSRO)) co-occurs with Wolbachia (strain wMel) in certain wild populations of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. We examined the effects of Spiroplasma MSRO and Wolbachia wMel on Drosophila survival against parasitism by two common wasps, Leptopilina heterotoma and Leptopilina boulardi, that differ in their host ranges and host evasion strategies. The results indicate that Spiroplasma MSRO prevents successful development of both wasps, and confers a small, albeit significant, increase in larva-to-adult survival of flies subjected to wasp attacks. We modeled the conditions under which defense can contribute to Spiroplasma persistence. Wolbachia also confers a weak, but significant, survival advantage to flies attacked by L. heterotoma. The host protective effects exhibited by Spiroplasma and Wolbachia are additive and may provide the conditions for such cotransmitted symbionts to become mutualists. Occurrence of Spiroplasma-mediated protection against distinct parasitoids in divergent Drosophila hosts suggests a general protection mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xie
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - S Butler
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - G Sanchez
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - M Mateos
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Martinez EA, Sanchez G, Lopez C, Baena A, Uribe M, Giraldo G, Quintero K. Human papillomavirus types in cases of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck of colombia. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2013.07.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Martínez-Abad A, Sanchez G, Lagaron JM, Ocio MJ. Influence of speciation in the release profiles and antimicrobial performance of electrospun ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) fibers containing ionic silver ions and silver nanoparticles. Colloid Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-012-2870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Campos HP, Saldias M, Sanchez G, Martucci P, Acosta M, Faccio R, Suescun L, Romero M, Mombru A. 7. An approach to molecular characteristic of collagen mesh extracellular matrix in processed tissue banking, by diffractive techniques. Cryobiology 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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El Bedoui S, Bois T, Jomard H, Sanchez G, Lebourg T, Trics E, Guglielmi Y, Bouissou S, Chemenda A, Rolland Y, Corsini M, Pérez JL. Paraglacial gravitational deformations in the SW Alps: a review of field investigations, 10Be cosmogenic dating and physical modelling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1144/sp351.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCatastrophic deep-seated landslides (DSL) are generally considered to be the result of large slope deformations also known as deep-seated gravitational slope deformation (DSGSD). This paper aims to build a synthesis of multiple studies made in the Tinée Valley (southern French Alps) to assess the geometrical, kinematical, mechanical and chronological relationships between these two gravitational processes.At the scale of the valley, data issued from geological, geomorphological and 10Be dating indicate a clear geometrical link between DSGSD and DSL occurring at the base of the slope and suggest that gravitational slope evolution began after the glacial retreat (13 ka BP). This is supported by the example of the well-documented La Clapière slope. A continuous evolution process is characterized geometrically and temporally from geomorphic observations and analogue modelling. Coupling structural, geomorphological, physical and chronological studies allowed us to propose a four-dimensional (4D) deformation model mechanically correlated with progressive failure concept. The validity and variability of this reference site are discussed at the valley scale (taking Isola and Le Pra slope deformation as examples).It allows a rough estimation of the state of slope deformation at the valley scale to be constructed and the slope evolution with time to be considered. This 4D model could then be considered as a reference for other deep-seated gravitational slope deformations in comparable Alpine valleys.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. El Bedoui
- LRPC Nancy, 71 rue de la Grande Haie, 54510 Tomblaine, France
| | - T. Bois
- GEOAZUR CNRS-UNS-IRD-UPMC, UMR 6526, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, 250 Avenue de Albert Einstein, 06560 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - H. Jomard
- Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontaine-aux-Roses, France
| | - G. Sanchez
- GEOAZUR CNRS-UNS-IRD-UPMC, UMR 6526, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, Avenue de Valrose, 06000 Nice, France
| | - T. Lebourg
- GEOAZUR CNRS-UNS-IRD-UPMC, UMR 6526, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, 250 Avenue de Albert Einstein, 06560 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - E. Trics
- GEOAZUR CNRS-UNS-IRD-UPMC, UMR 6526, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, 250 Avenue de Albert Einstein, 06560 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Y. Guglielmi
- Centre de Sédimentologie–Paléontologie, Université de Provence Aix-Marseille 1, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille Cedex 03, France
| | - S. Bouissou
- GEOAZUR CNRS-UNS-IRD-UPMC, UMR 6526, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, 250 Avenue de Albert Einstein, 06560 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - A. Chemenda
- GEOAZUR CNRS-UNS-IRD-UPMC, UMR 6526, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, 250 Avenue de Albert Einstein, 06560 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Y. Rolland
- GEOAZUR CNRS-UNS-IRD-UPMC, UMR 6526, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, Avenue de Valrose, 06000 Nice, France
| | - M. Corsini
- GEOAZUR CNRS-UNS-IRD-UPMC, UMR 6526, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, Avenue de Valrose, 06000 Nice, France
| | - J. L. Pérez
- Centre des Etudes Techniques de l'Equipement Méditerranée, 52 Bd Stalingrad, 06520 Nice, France
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Eisner MD, Blanc PD, Omachi TA, Yelin EH, Sidney S, Katz PP, Ackerson LM, Sanchez G, Tolstykh I, Iribarren C. Socioeconomic status, race and COPD health outcomes. J Epidemiol Community Health 2011; 65:26-34. [PMID: 19854747 PMCID: PMC3017471 DOI: 10.1136/jech.2009.089722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common cause of death and disability, little is known about the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and race-ethnicity on health outcomes. METHODS The aim of this study is to determine the independent impacts of SES and race-ethnicity on COPD severity status, functional limitations and acute exacerbations of COPD among patients with access to healthcare. Data were used from the Function, Living, Outcomes and Work cohort study of 1202 Kaiser Permanente Northern California Medical Care Plan members with COPD. RESULTS Lower educational attainment and household income were consistently related to greater disease severity, poorer lung function and greater physical functional limitations in cross-sectional analysis. Black race was associated with greater COPD severity, but these differences were no longer apparent after controlling for SES variables and other covariates (comorbidities, smoking, body mass index and occupational exposures). Lower education and lower income were independently related to a greater prospective risk of acute COPD exacerbation (HR 1.5; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.1; and HR 2.1; 95% CI 1.4 to 3.4, respectively). CONCLUSION Low SES is a risk factor for a broad array of adverse COPD health outcomes. Clinicians and disease management programs should consider SES as a key patient-level marker of risk for poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Eisner
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0111, USA.
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Miravitlles M, Soriano JB, García-Río F, Muñoz L, Duran-Tauleria E, Sanchez G, Sobradillo V, Ancochea J. Prevalence of COPD in Spain: impact of undiagnosed COPD on quality of life and daily life activities. Thorax 2009; 64:863-8. [PMID: 19553233 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2009.115725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Spain and identify the level of undiagnosed disease and its impact on health-related quality of life (HRQL) and activities of daily living (ADL). METHODS A population-based sample of 4274 adults aged 40-80 years was surveyed. They were invited to answer a questionnaire and undergo prebrochodilator and postbronchodilator spirometry. COPD was defined as a postbronchodilator FEV(1)/FVC (forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity) ratio of <0.70. RESULTS For 3802 participants with good-quality postbronchodilator spirometry, the overall prevalence of COPD was 10.2% (95% CI 9.2% to 11.1%) and was higher in men (15.1%) than in women (5.6%). The prevalence of COPD stage II or higher was 4.4% (95%CI; 3.8%-5.1%). The prevalence of COPD increased with age and with cigarette smoking and was higher in those with a low educational level. A previous diagnosis of COPD was reported by only 27% of those with COPD. Diagnosed patients had more severe disease, higher cumulative tobacco consumption and more severely impaired HRQL compared with undiagnosed subjects. However, even patients with undiagnosed COPD stage I+ already showed impairment in HRQL and in some aspects of ADL compared with participants without COPD. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of COPD in individuals between 40 and 80 years of age in Spain is 10.2% and increases with age, tobacco consumption and lower educational levels. The rate of diagnosised COPD is very high and undiagnosed individuals with COPD already have a significant impairment in HRQL and ADL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Miravitlles
- Fundació Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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Pedersen KE, Koldkjaer O, Berndtz NH, Hvidt S, Kjaer K, Midtskov C, Sanchez G. Intraerythrocytic sodium and potassium concentrations during acute and chronic digitalization. Acta Med Scand 2009; 211:335-9. [PMID: 6287810 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1982.tb01958.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To assess the cellular effects of digoxin, intraerythrocytic sodium and potassium concentrations were measured in 17 patients during the early phase of digitalization, in 45 patients on long-term therapy and in 64 non-digitalized control patients. Acute digitalization raised intraerythrocytic sodium from 11.6 +/- 0.4 to 16.7 +/- 1.0 mmol/l (mean +/- SEM) (p less than 0.01) and reduced intraerythrocytic potassium from 100.1 +/- 1.3 to 95.9 +/- 1.8 mmol/l (p less than 0.01). These changes were strongly correlated with the steady-state plasma digoxin concentration. During a few weeks of digoxin therapy, the intraerythrocytic cation composition normalized gradually. In patients on chronic treatment, neither intraerythrocytic sodium (11.3 +/- 0.3 mmol/l) nor potassium concentrations (100.0 +/- 0.6 mmol/l) differed significantly from the values of the control group (11.4 +/- 0.2 and 99.9 +/- 0.5 mmol/l, respectively). The changes in intraerythrocytic cation concentrations, induced by acute digitalization, seem to disappear during chronic administration of the drug.
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Pedersen KE, Koldkjaer O, Berndtz NH, Hvidt S, Kjaer K, Midtskov C, Sanchez G. The diagnostic value of determination of intraerythrocytic sodium and potassium concentrations versus plasma digoxin concentration in digoxin intoxication. Acta Med Scand 2009; 213:357-62. [PMID: 6880858 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1983.tb03751.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Plasma digoxin measurements have proved unserviceable as a means of differentiating between toxic and non-toxic patients. In order to assess the value of a biological effect of digoxin in this discrimination, intraerythrocytic sodium and potassium concentrations were determined in 55 chronically digitalized patients of whom 10 were digoxin-intoxicated according to ECG criteria. Digitoxicity was associated with elevated intraerythrocytic sodium concentration (mean +/- SEM 19.3 +/- 1.2 versus 11.3 +/- 0.3 mmol/l, p less than 0.001) and reduced intraerythrocytic potassium concentration (94.6 +/- 2.3 versus 100.0 +/- 0.6 mmol/l, p less than 0.001) compared to non-toxic patients. Mean (+/- SEM) plasma digoxin concentrations in the two groups were 3.14 +/- 0.41 and 1.57 +/- 0.09 nmol/l, respectively (p less than 0.001). When diagnosing toxicity in chronically digitalized patients, plasma digoxin and intraerythrocytic sodium determinations showed sensitivities of 60 and 100%, respectively. The predictive values of a positive test were 75% for plasma digoxin and 83% for intraerythrocytic sodium.
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Sanchez-Moreno J, Villagran JM, Gutierrez JR, Camacho M, Ocio S, Palao D, Querejeta I, Gascon J, Sanchez G, Vieta E. Adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire for the detection of bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2008; 10:400-12. [PMID: 18402628 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2007.00571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) is an instrument for the detection of patients with bipolar disorder (BD). The original English version is validated in both the psychiatric and the general population, but a validated Spanish version is not yet available. Psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the MDQ in psychiatry are described. METHODS The MDQ is a self-administered questionnaire comprising a list of 13 hypomanic symptoms and two questions about concurrence of symptoms and functional impairment caused by the symptoms. We selected patients from 15 psychiatric outpatient departments, diagnosed with BD type I and II (BDI and BDII) and major depression (MD) according to DSM-IV-TR criteria (concurrent validity instrument). A control group of healthy subjects (HS) was selected. The patient-selection criteria included stability of the disorder and pharmacological treatment. The MDQ was administered to 236 subjects, distributed among the four groups, on two occasions, four weeks apart. We analysed the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and discriminative capacity of the MDQ for the detection of patients with BD. RESULTS Concurrent validity based on diagnosis according to DSM-IV-TR was 0.83. The internal consistency, evaluated by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.90. The mean (SD) number of affirmative responses by group was: 9.8 (2.4) for BDI, 8.5 (2.8) for BDII, 2.7 (2.2) for MD, and 1.02 (1.9) for HS. Statistically significant differences between all the groups were found (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.001). Concurrent validity using the diagnostic variable was 0.83. Test-retest reliability was 0.92. We analysed the scale's discriminative capacity, revealing a sensitivity value of 0.60 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.51-0.69] and a specificity value of 0.98 (95% CI = 0.94-0.99) in the detection of BD. The positive and negative probability ratios were 35.5 and 2.4, respectively. If we consider only seven positive responses as the discriminative criterion, sensitivity increases to 0.81 (95% CI = 0.73-0.88), the specificity value is 0.95 (95% CI = 0.89-0.98) and the positive and negative probability quotients are 16 and 5.3. CONCLUSIONS The psychometric characteristics of the Spanish version are similar to those of the original version. In the Spanish adaptation of the MDQ, seven positive responses to hypomanic symptoms show a good discriminative capacity for BD in patients attending psychiatric outpatient facilities; therefore, this cut-off score is proposed for the detection of BD in psychiatric outpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sanchez-Moreno
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona. Spain
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Diaz A, Prado M, Roa LM, Reina-Tosina J, Sanchez G. Preliminary evaluation of a full-time falling monitor for the elderly. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2007; 2004:2180-3. [PMID: 17272157 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2004.1403637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The article presents the early outcomes of the evaluation of an intelligent accelerometer unit (IAU) utilized for detecting the falling events of elderly people . The overall design of the monitor where the IAU is integrated is briefly exposed. The outcomes of a laboratory study carried out over 8 volunteers show that the device is able to distinguish true falling events from normal activities like fast walking or going up/downstairs. The influences of the subject and the environment have been taken into account profiting from the processing capacity of the monitor distributed architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Diaz
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Wagoner K, Sanchez G, Nguyen AN, Enders GC, Blanco G. Different expression and activity of the alpha1 and alpha4 isoforms of the Na,K-ATPase during rat male germ cell ontogeny. Reproduction 2006; 130:627-41. [PMID: 16264093 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Two catalytic isoforms of the Na,K-ATPase, alpha1 and alpha4, are present in testis. While alpha1 is ubiquitously expressed in tissues, alpha4 predominates in male germ cells. Each isoform has distinct enzymatic properties and appears to play specific roles. To gain insight into the relevance of the Na,K-ATPase alpha isoforms in male germ cell biology, we have studied the expression and activity of alpha1 and alpha4 during spermatogenesis and epididymal maturation. This was explored in rat testes at different ages, in isolated spermatogenic cells and in spermatozoa from the caput and caudal regions of the epididymis. Our results show that alpha1 and alpha4 undergo differential regulation during development. Whereas alpha1 exhibits only modest changes, alpha4 increases with gamete differentiation. The most drastic changes for alpha4 take place in spermatocytes at the mRNA level, and with the transition of round spermatids into spermatozoa for expression and activity of the protein. No further changes are detected during transit of spermatozoa through the epididymis. In addition, the cellular distribution of alpha4 is modified with development, being diffusely expressed at the plasma membrane and intracellular compartments of immature cells, finally to localize to the midregion of the spermatozoon flagellum. In contrast, the alpha1 isoform is evenly present along the plasma membrane of the developing and mature gametes. In conclusion, the Na,K-ATPase alpha1 and alpha4 isoforms are functional in diploid, meiotic and haploid male germ cells, alpha4 being significantly upregulated during spermatogenesis. These results support the importance of alpha4 in male gamete differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wagoner
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160, USA
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Albano C, Sanchez G. Study of the mechanical, thermal, and thermodegradative properties of virgin PP with recycled and non-recycled HDPE. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.11536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Apt W, Arribada A, Zulantay I, Sanchez G, Vargas SL, Rodriguez J. Itraconazole or allopurinol in the treatment of chronic American trypanosomiasis: the regression and prevention of electrocardiographic abnormalities during 9 years of follow-up. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2003; 97:23-9. [PMID: 12662419 DOI: 10.1179/000349803125002751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several drugs are now known to have useful activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of human American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease). However, the long-term effects of chemotherapy on the electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities associated with this disease have only been assessed for benznidiazole. In the present study, the ECG changes in 299 cases of chronic Chagas disease were followed for 9 years after treatment with itraconazole (N = 136) or allopurinol (N = 163). Among the 97 cases who were found to have ECG abnormalities immediately prior to their treatment, the two drugs appeared equally effective, such abnormalities being corrected in 23 (50%) of the 46 cardiopathy cases given itraconazole and 25 (49%) of the 51 given allopurinol (P > 0.05). Both of these 'cure rates' are much higher than the 8.1% frequency of abnormal-normal conversion observed among 198 'historical controls' (i.e. cases of chronic Chagas disease who had been left untreated; P < 0.05). Itraconazole appeared better than allopurinol at preventing the development of cardiopathy in the cases who appeared electrocardiographically normal at baseline. Among 202 such cases, only two (2.2%) of the 90 treated with itraconazole but 28 (25.0%) of the 112 given allopurinol were found to have developed ECG abnormalities during follow-up (P < 0.05). Therefore, although itraconazole and allopurinol are equally effective at reversing ECG alterations, itraconazole offers better protection against the development of new ECG abnormalities among those with chronic Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Apt
- Unidad de Parasitología Norte, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, PO Box 427, Santiago 3, Chile.
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Delgado JM, Marin G, Guevara R, Wasim SM, Rincon C, Sanchez G. X-ray powder diffraction study and optical characterization of the Cu(In 1−xGa x) 3Te 5semiconducting system. Acta Crystallogr A 2002. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767302091304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Cheli VT, Adrover MF, Blanco C, Rial Verde E, Guyot-Revol V, Vidal R, Martin E, Alché L, Sanchez G, Acerbo M, Epstein AL, Jerusalinsky D. Gene transfer of NMDAR1 subunit sequences to the rat CNS using herpes simplex virus vectors interfered with habituation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2002; 22:303-14. [PMID: 12469872 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020720001865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim is to study some roles of the hippocampal NMDA receptor, by modifying the expression of the essential NR1 subunit, with temporal and spatial restrictions in the central nervous system (CNS) of the rat. 2. Due to their neurotropism and the size of inserts they can accomodate, herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) derived amplicon vectors were used to transfer sequences, either in sense (+) or antisense (-) orientations, of the NR1 subunit gene, or of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, into the CNS. 3. Vector expression in cell lines was followed by GFP autofluorescence, immunofluorescence and western blot. 4. The vectors were inoculated into the dorsal hippocampus of adult male Wistar rats, which were evaluated for habituation to an open field, and then, for expression of the transgenes, by autofluorescence and western blot; the expression mainly happened in pyramidal cells of CA1. 5. The animals injected with vectors carrying the NR1(+) transgene showed habituation to the new environment, as also happened with rats injected with vectors carrying only the GFP transgene. 6. In contrast, animals injected with vectors carrying NR1(-) sequence, did not show habituation. This might be retrograde amnesia or disability to record the trace, suggesting that the NR1 subunit in the dorsal hippocampus, is involved in habituation to a new environment. 7. HSV-1 derived amplicon vectors appear to be useful tools to modify endogenous gene expression, at a defined period, in restricted regions of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- V T Cheli
- Institute of Cellular Biology & Neurosciences Professor Eduardo De Robertis, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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González EG, Sanchez G, Cioccia AM, Hevia P. [Absorption of fat from three dietary sources in rats with lactose induced diarrhea]. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2001; 51:244-9. [PMID: 11791477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Low energy intake is one the most important factors related to nutritional wasting during diarrheal episodes and fat is the macronutrient with the highest energy value. So we intended to seek dietary fat sources, with the highest bioavailability during diarrheal episodes. Three basal (control) and three 42.8% lactose containing diets, used to induce diarrhea, were prepared with corn oil, butterfat or lard. The assay included 48 Sprague-Dawley rats, 28 d of age, initial weights of 65.5 +/- 5.2 g, distributed in 6 groups that received the diets during 15 d. The different types of fat did not affect diet intake, weight gain or fecal losses in rats without diarrhea (control). Low weight gain was found in rats with diarrhea regardless of the type of fat consumed and was related to low diet consumption. Mean fat absorption during diarrhea was as follows: butterfat 84%, lard 87% and corn oil 91%. The latter was related to lower fecal losses and higher fat absorption during the 15 d study. Considering that the three fat sources evaluated are easily purchased and widely accepted, and that nutritional management of subjects with diarrhea includes the intake of energy dense diets, it seems that the use of corn oil in these formulations could offer greater advantages.
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Abstract
Spigelian hernia (SH) is an uncommon abdominal wall hernia. Its clinical symptoms are not characteristic, and the preoperative diagnosis is often difficult because SH can simulate the symptoms of more classical lower quadrant abdominal diseases. We report a case of SH in an 80-year-old woman that was complicated by incarceration and diagnosed by physical examination and ultrasound. At the time of presentation, she had an abdominal mass that was soft and occasionally painful, and aggravated by movements that increase intraabdominal pressure. Laparoscopic examination of the abdominal cavity identified the incarcerate jejunum ansae. The defect was a large opening in the peritoneum along the lateral margin of the rectus abdominis muscle. After dissection of the intestinal adhesions, a prosthetic polypropylene mesh was introduced and fixed with staples into the lateral abdominal wall. There were no postoperative complications. We conclude that the laparoscopic approach is a feasible alternative to the conventional open technique that is easy, safe, and allows excellent operative visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Novell
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170 Barcelona, 08036, Spain
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Venegas J, Salas J, Gonzalez C, Zulantay I, Diaz E, Gajardo M, Sanchez G, Solari A. Isolation and partial characterization of three DNA polymerases from Trypanosoma cruzi. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2000; 127:11-9. [PMID: 11126746 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(00)00229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three distinct DNA polymerase fractions (A, B and C), were isolated from Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote forms. Fraction A is a low molecular mass enzyme corresponding to beta-like DNA polymerase of T. cruzi. Fraction B co-purified along several purification steps with fraction A, but in the last step it was clearly separated by a phosphocellulose chromatography. Fraction C was separated from fractions A and B by binding to DEAE-cellulose column, since the other two fractions were eluted in the flowthrough. This enzyme has an apparent native molecular mass of 100 kDa and showed a high preference for poly(dC)-oligo(dG) among different template-primers tested as substrate. Western-blot and biochemical analysis strongly suggest that the three DNA polymerase fractions correspond to different molecular entities. These results are in agreement with the idea that fraction C is a new DNA polymerase of T. cruzi, not described before.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Venegas
- Programa tide Parasitología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago.
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Carmona M, Alsina M, Pintó R, Sanchez G, Guix S, Pujol M. Physicochemical studies of hepatitis A virus recombinant proteins: interaction with monolayers as membrane models. Materials Science and Engineering: C 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4931(99)00054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Sanchez G, Restrepo S, Duque MC, Fregene M, Bonierbale M, Verdier V. AFLP assessment of genetic variability in cassava accessions (Manihot esculenta) resistant and susceptible to the cassava bacterial blight (CBB). Genome 1999; 42:163-72. [PMID: 10231955 DOI: 10.1139/g98-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cassava bacterial blight (CBB) is caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam). Resistance is found in Manihot esculenta and, in addition, has been introgressed from a wild relative, M. glaziovii. The resistance is thought to be polygenic and additively inherited. Ninety-three varieties of M. esculenta (Crantz) were assessed by AFLPs for genetic diversity and for resistance to CBB. AFLP analysis was performed using two primer combinations and a 79.2% level of polymorphism was found. The phenogram obtained showed between 74% and 96% genetic similarity among all cassava accessions analysed. The analysis permitted the unique identification of each individual. Two Xam strains were used for resistance screening. Variation in the reaction of cassava varieties to Xam strains was observed for all plant accessions. The correlation of resistance to both strains, had a coefficient of 0.53, suggesting the independence of resistance to each strain. Multiple correspondence analysis showed a random distribution of the resistance/susceptibility response with respect to overall genetic diversity as measured by AFLP analysis. A total heterozygosity index was calculated to determine the diversity within clusters as well as among them. Our results demonstrate that resistance to CBB is broadly distributed in cassava germplasm and that AFLP analysis is an effective and efficient means of providing quantitative estimates of genetic similarities among cassava accessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sanchez
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Biotechnology Research Unit, Cali, Colombia
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39
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Albano C, Sanchez G, Ismayel A, Hernández P. Recovery of Plastic Low-Density Polyethylene/High-Density Polyethylene (LDPE/HDPE) Wastes. International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/10236669908014178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Brito Z, Torrealba V, Sanchez G, Hernández L. Kinetic Data and Mechanisms in Diglycidylether Bisphenol A/ Ethylenediamine with Mono-and Bimetallic Fillers from Digitized Thermogravimetric Analysis. International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/10236669908014179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- G Freyburger
- Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
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42
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Chenine AL, Matouskova E, Sanchez G, Reischig J, Pavlikova L, LeContel C, Chermann JC, Hirsch I. Primary intestinal epithelial cells can be infected with laboratory-adapted strain HIV type 1 NDK but not with clinical primary isolates. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1998; 14:1235-8. [PMID: 9764906 DOI: 10.1089/aid.1998.14.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectivities of HIV-1 primary isolates and laboratory-adapted strains were compared in primary fetal enterocytes and the colonic epithelial cell line HT29. Infection by two laboratory strains, HIV-1 NDK and HIV-1 NDK(A4), which were adapted on CEM and HT29 cells, respectively, produced significant amounts of virus in both target cell systems. Intestinal cells were resistant to infection with HIV-1 primary isolates regardless of their genetic subtype or SI/NSI phenotype. Biological properties of analyzed viruses rather than differences in cultivation system seem to be responsible for differences between these in vitro and ex vivo results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Chenine
- INSERM U322, Unité de Recherches sur les Rétrovirus et maladies associées, Marseille, France
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Abstract
Fifty-seven Trypanosoma cruzi stocks isolated from Triatoma infestans and Triatoma spinolai of the five different geographic endemic areas of Chile were studied by schizodeme and molecular karyotype analysis. Four different genotypes are found in the sylvatic T. spinolai vector and five in the T. infestans domiciliary vector. Of these genotypes, two common genotypes overlap on both transmission cycles exclusively in the extreme northern endemic areas of Chile. Metacyclic trypomastigotes obtained in vitro or cell-derived trypomastigotes proved to be infective in gamma-irradiated Balb/c mice for the study of the immune response and biological behavior. Of a total of 57 T. cruzi stocks obtained, 19 of them, representing all the different genotypes found in Chile, were tested on a murine experimental model and then fully studied. Female compared with male animals demonstrated greater resistance to Chagas disease with all the T. cruzi stocks tested. The immune response was assessed by lytic antibodies that were studied by the in vitro antibody-dependent complement-mediated lytic assay with the use of bloodstream trypomastigotes as target cells. In one unique parasite genotype the elicited lytic antibodies reacted in a genotype-specific manner, in contrast with lytic antibodies generated by other T. cruzi genotypes. Parasitemias were high, moderate, and low, with mortality ranges of 6-50%, 0-45%, and 0-10%, respectively. No association was found between specific infective genotypes and virulence or mortality. Independently of the T. cruzi strain studied, each population displayed a characteristic parasitemia curve and prepatent period. A considerable number of the parasite stocks proved to be mixed populations, according to molecular karyotype patterns obtained before and after differentiation and amplification of the parasites. This fact created difficulty in assessing the identity of the genotype really infective to mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Solari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Casilla, Santiago
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Abstract
An antibody-dependent, complement-mediated lysis test performed with three Chilean trypomastigote strains used as target cells revealed strain dependence in the detection of lytic antibodies in chronic chagasic sera. The highest percentage of lytic sera was observed when MF or V115 strains were used as target cells (90% and 71%, respectively) in the chronic chagasic group with negative xenodiagnosis results. No significant statistical association was observed between lytic activity in chronic chagasic sera and the presence or absence of cardiopathy (P > 0.01). Western blot analysis showed that lytic sera recognize different antigens depending on the strain used and nonlytic sera had a weaker capacity to detect them.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Zulantay
- Programa de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago
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Sanchez G, Gautheret D, Xu X, Chenine AL, Hirsch I. Relative amplification efficiency of differently sized templates by long-distance PCR. Biotechniques 1998; 24:400-2. [PMID: 9526648 DOI: 10.2144/98243bm14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Sanchez
- INSERM U. 372, CNRS EP 91, Marseille, France
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Motles E, Infante C, Sanchez G, Gonzalez M. Study of the behavioral effects of bilateral nucleus accumbens lesions on amphetamine and apomorphine in adult cats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1998; 59:619-26. [PMID: 9512063 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3057(97)00437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to study the effects of three different types of bilateral lesions performed on the nucleus accumbens, upon the behaviors elicited in adult cats by parenteral administration of amphetamine and apomorphine, and to obtain an understanding of the functional role played by the cited structure. To this end, 10 cats received bilateral injections of 6-OHDA, 18 microg in each accumbens; 8 cats received a similar treatment with ibotenic acid (20 microg), and 11 cats were submitted to bilateral electrolytic damage. Before and after performing these lesions, in separate sessions, amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg SC) and apomorphine (2.0 mg/kg SC) were administered and their respective behaviors were compared. Besides, in a group of 10 cats, 6 of them were bilaterally injected with the above cited dose of 6-OHDA into the accumbens to determine dopamine concentration and the other four served as control. In three cats, ibotenic acid (20 microg) was unilaterally injected into the accumbens for histological analysis. The contralateral structure served as control. Finally, four cats were sham operated. The results obtained show that the accumbens in cats participates in locomotion, in stereotyped motor behaviors, and in emotional fear-like behavior. Its role in the production of motor behaviors apparently is not as important as has been reported in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Motles
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Casilla, Santiago
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Abstract
The strong and consistent correlation between maternal education and child health is now well known, and numerous studies have shown that wealth and income cannot explain the link. Policy-makers have therefore assumed that the relationship is causal and explicitly advocate schooling as a child health intervention. However, there are other factors which could account for the apparent effect of maternal education on child morbidity and mortality, one of which is intelligence. This paper examines the effect of maternal intelligence on child health and looks at the degree to which it can explain the literacy associations with child survival and risk of malnutrition. The data are from a retrospective cohort study of 1294 mothers and their 7475 offspring, of whom 454 were women who had learned to read and write as adults in Nicaragua's literacy programme, 457 were illiterate, and 383 had become literate as young girls attending school. The women's intelligence was tested using Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices. Acquisition of literacy was strongly related to intelligence. Statistically significant associations with maternal literacy were found for under five mortality, infant mortality, and the risk of low mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) for age, before and after controlling for a wide range of socio-economic factors. Under five, child (one to four years), infant and post-neonatal mortality plus the risk of low height for age were significantly correlated with intelligence, but only with infant and under mortality rates did the association remain significant after controlling for socio-economic factors. A significant interaction between intelligence and literacy for under five mortality was due to literacy having a strong effect in the women of low intelligence, and a negligible effect among those of high intelligence. This study provides evidence that intelligence is an important determinant of child health among the illiterate, and that education may have the greatest impact on child health for mothers of relatively low intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sandiford
- Institute for Health Sector Development, London, U.K
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Sanchez G, Xu X, Chermann JC, Hirsch I. Accumulation of defective viral genomes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals. J Virol 1997; 71:2233-40. [PMID: 9032358 PMCID: PMC191331 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.71.3.2233-2240.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genomes present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of infected persons or in lymphocytes infected in vitro were studied by long-distance PCR (LD-PCR) using primers localized in the HIV-1 long terminal repeats. The full-length 9-kb DNA was the only LD-PCR product obtained in peripheral and cord blood lymphocytes from seronegative donors infected in vitro. However, a high proportion (27% to 66%) of distinct populations of extensively deleted HIV-1 genomes of variable size was detected in PBMCs of 15 of 16 HIV-1-infected persons. Physical mapping of defective genomes showed that the frequency of deletions is proportional to their proximity to the central part of HIV-1 genome, which is consistent with a deletion mechanism involving a single polymerase jump during reverse transcription. Sequencing of deletion junctions revealed the presence of short direct repeats of three or four nucleotides. The number of defective HIV-1 genomes decreased after in vitro activation of PBMCs. Persistence of full-length and deleted genomes in in vitro activated PBMCs correlated with isolation of an infectious virus. Our results represent the first quantitative assessment of intragenomic rearrangements in HIV-1 genomes in PBMCs of infected persons and demonstrate that, in contrast to in vitro infection, defective genomes accumulate in PBMCs of infected persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sanchez
- INSERM U322, Unité de Recherches sur les Rétrovirus et Maladies Associées, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
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50
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Guizar JM, Kornhauser C, Malacara JM, Sanchez G, Zamora J. Renal tubular acidosis in children with vesicoureteral reflux. J Urol 1996; 156:193-5. [PMID: 8648800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated renal tubular acidosis in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 18 children 4 to 15 years old to determine age at onset, reflux intensity, and renal scars and volume as possible associated factors of renal tubular acidosis. Patients had normal glomerular filtration rates and no urinary infections for the last 12 weeks, and they had not undergone urological surgery. Urine acidification and alkalization tests were done, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess differences between the groups with and without renal tubular acidosis. RESULTS A total of 14 patients had unilateral and 4 had bilateral reflux, which varied in severity. All children except 2 had renal scarring. Bilateral renal volume was smaller in the renal tubular acidosis group. Nine patients had distal renal tubular acidosis, including 4 with short stature. CONCLUSIONS Several patients with vesicoureteral reflux had renal tubular acidosis and some had growth failure. Grades of reflux and renal scarring were similar in patients with and without renal tubular acidosis. A single evaluation of reflux is of slight value for predicting future functional tubular impairment, and the duration of reflux and other associated factors may be more important. Renal tubular acidosis was the main explanation for growth failure in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Guizar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Guanajuato, León, Mexico
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