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Liang Q, Chi G, Cirqueira L, Zhi L, Marasco A, Pilati N, Gunthorpe MJ, Alvaro G, Large CH, Sauer DB, Treptow W, Covarrubias M. The binding and mechanism of a positive allosteric modulator of Kv3 channels. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2533. [PMID: 38514618 PMCID: PMC10957983 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46813-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Small-molecule modulators of diverse voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels may help treat a wide range of neurological disorders. However, developing effective modulators requires understanding of their mechanism of action. We apply an orthogonal approach to elucidate the mechanism of action of an imidazolidinedione derivative (AUT5), a highly selective positive allosteric modulator of Kv3.1 and Kv3.2 channels. AUT5 modulation involves positive cooperativity and preferential stabilization of the open state. The cryo-EM structure of the Kv3.1/AUT5 complex at a resolution of 2.5 Å reveals four equivalent AUT5 binding sites at the extracellular inter-subunit interface between the voltage-sensing and pore domains of the channel's tetrameric assembly. Furthermore, we show that the unique extracellular turret regions of Kv3.1 and Kv3.2 essentially govern the selective positive modulation by AUT5. High-resolution apo and bound structures of Kv3.1 demonstrate how AUT5 binding promotes turret rearrangements and interactions with the voltage-sensing domain to favor the open conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiansheng Liang
- Department of Neuroscience,, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Jack and Vicki Farber Institute for Neuroscience and the Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Gamma Chi
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Leonardo Cirqueira
- Laboratorio de Biologia Teorica e Computacional, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Lianteng Zhi
- Department of Neuroscience,, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Jack and Vicki Farber Institute for Neuroscience and the Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Agostino Marasco
- Autifony Srl, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Citta' della Speranza, Via Corso Stati Uniti, 4f, 35127, Padua, Italy
| | - Nadia Pilati
- Autifony Srl, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Citta' della Speranza, Via Corso Stati Uniti, 4f, 35127, Padua, Italy
| | - Martin J Gunthorpe
- Autifony Therapeutics, Ltd, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Giuseppe Alvaro
- Autifony Srl, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Citta' della Speranza, Via Corso Stati Uniti, 4f, 35127, Padua, Italy
| | - Charles H Large
- Autifony Therapeutics, Ltd, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - David B Sauer
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Werner Treptow
- Laboratorio de Biologia Teorica e Computacional, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Manuel Covarrubias
- Department of Neuroscience,, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
- Jack and Vicki Farber Institute for Neuroscience and the Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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Balestrieri P, Ribolsi M, Cimini P, Alvaro G, Zobel BB, Tullio A, Cicala M. Wall Thickness Ratio-A New Magnetic Resonance Parameter-Is Associated With the Outcome of Biological Therapy in Patients With Ileal and Ileocolonic Crohn's Disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 2024; 58:64-70. [PMID: 36730458 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
GOALS The present study was aimed at identifying a new magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) parameter assessing the clinical outcome of biological therapy in patients with active ileal/ileocolonic Crohn's disease (CD). BACKGROUND Transmural healing (TH) has been associated with improved outcomes in CD. However, some patients with clinical remission and inactive disease at endoscopy do not achieve TH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ileal/ileocolonic CD patients scheduled for biological therapy were prospectively evaluated, at baseline (T0) and after 1 year of treatment (T1), with Harvey Bradshaw Index score, blood tests, ileocolonscopy, and MRE. Clinical activity was assessed after 2 years of treatment (T2). Wall thickness ratio (WTR) was calculated in the same affected ileal segment, as the ratio between the ileum wall thickness value at T1 and the ileum wall thickness value at T0. RESULTS A total of 103 patients were included. Mean WTR at T1 in nonresponders was significantly higher than in responders. At receiver operating characteristic analysis, WTR values were significantly associated to biological therapy responsiveness. A WTR cutoff value of 0.77 mm was identified to discriminate responders from nonresponders (sensitivity: 79%; specificity: 67%). In responders, the proportion of patients with a WTR<0.77 was significantly higher than the proportion of patients achieving TH at T1. Among patients achieving endoscopic remission, 11/29 (37.9%) presented TH, while 20/29 (68.9%) presented WTR<0.77 ( P : 0.035). At multivariate logistic regression analysis, WTR<0.77 was significantly associated to biological therapy response. CONCLUSION WTR index represents an easy-to-calculate MRE parameter and seems to be a promising tool for monitoring therapeutic response in CD patients during biological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paola Cimini
- Diagnostic Imaging, Campus Bio Medico University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Alvaro
- Diagnostic Imaging, Campus Bio Medico University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Bruno B Zobel
- Diagnostic Imaging, Campus Bio Medico University of Rome, Roma, Italy
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Behr J, Nathan SD, Costabel U, Albera C, Wuyts WA, Glassberg MK, Haller H, Alvaro G, Gilberg F, Samara K, Lancaster L. Efficacy and Safety of Pirfenidone in Advanced Versus Non-Advanced Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Post-Hoc Analysis of Six Clinical Studies. Adv Ther 2023; 40:3937-3955. [PMID: 37391667 PMCID: PMC10427557 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02565-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the European Union (EU), the indication for the antifibrotic pirfenidone prior to April 2023 did not include patients with advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This analysis compared the efficacy and safety of pirfenidone in advanced IPF versus non-advanced IPF. METHODS Data were included from the following studies of pirfenidone: ASCEND (NCT01366209); CAPACITY (004 [NCT00287716] and 006 [NCT00287729]); RECAP (NCT00662038; advanced IPF defined as percent predicted forced vital capacity [%FVC] < 50% and/or percent predicted carbon monoxide diffusing capacity [%DLco] < 35% at baseline); PASSPORT (NCT02699879; advanced IPF defined as baseline %FVC < 50%); and SP-IPF (NCT02951429; patients with advanced IPF [defined as %DLco ≤ 40% at screening] at risk of group 3 pulmonary hypertension). RESULTS In the pooled ASCEND/CAPACITY studies, the annual mean rate of FVC decline from baseline to Week 52 was significantly lower for pirfenidone versus placebo in advanced (p = 0.0035) and non-advanced IPF (p = 0.0001). Rate of all-cause mortality over 52 weeks was numerically lower for pirfenidone versus placebo in advanced and non-advanced IPF. In RECAP, the mean annual rate of FVC decline from baseline to Week 180 of pirfenidone treatment was similar in patients with advanced (- 141.5 mL) and non-advanced IPF (- 153.5 mL). In SP-IPF, the mean annual rate of FVC decline and rate of all-cause mortality from baseline to Week 52 in patients treated with placebo + pirfenidone were - 93.0 mL and 20.2%, respectively. No new safety signals were identified, and the safety profile of pirfenidone in patients with advanced IPF was generally consistent with that of non-advanced IPF. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the benefit of pirfenidone treatment in patients with advanced and non-advanced IPF. As such, the indication for pirfenidone in the EU has now been updated to include the treatment of adult patients with advanced IPF. TRIAL REGISTRATIONS ASCEND (NCT01366209), CAPACITY 004 (NCT00287716), CAPACITY 006 (NCT00287729), RECAP (NCT00662038), PASSPORT (NCT02699879), and SP-IPF (NCT02951429).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Behr
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital, LMU Munich and Asklepios Fachkliniken Gauting, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany.
| | - Steven D Nathan
- Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Ulrich Costabel
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Pneumology Department, Ruhrlandklinik, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carlo Albera
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Wim A Wuyts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Unit for Interstitial Lung Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lisa Lancaster
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Bow JP, Adami V, Marasco A, Gronnevik G, Rivers D, Alvaro G, Riss PJ. A Direct Fixation of CO2 for Isotopic Labelling of Hydantoins Using Iodine-Phosphine Charge Transfer Complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7546-7549. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01754g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a method for the isotopic labelling of hydantoins directly from CO2 by means of trimethyl-λ5-phosphine diiodide mediated carbonyl insertion. The method is suitable for 13C-labelling of diverse...
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Witty DR, Alvaro G, Derjean D, Giblin GMP, Gunn K, Large C, Macpherson DT, Morisset V, Owen D, Palmer J, Rugiero F, Tate S, Hinckley CA, Naik H. Discovery of Vixotrigine: A Novel Use-Dependent Sodium Channel Blocker for the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1678-1687. [PMID: 32945812 PMCID: PMC7488392 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs that block voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) have utility in treating conditions including pain, epilepsy, and cardiac arrhythmias and as anesthetics (Lancet Neurol.20109413424; Expert Opin. Ther. Pat.201020755779). The identification of compounds with improved efficacy and safety is a key aim for the discovery of improved NaV blocking drugs (Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry III; (Elsevier, 2017; pp 131-175). We report the identification of a novel class of brain penetrant and voltage-gated sodium channel blockers, leading to the discovery of vixotrigine, a use-dependent sodium channel blocker with activity in in vivo models of pain. Vixotrigine has excellent physiocochemical properties for drug development, and both preclinical and clinical data support a safety profile suitable for potential use in neuropathic pain and other conditions. It has shown efficacy in a Phase II study for pain associated with trigeminal neuralgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Witty
- Convergence
Pharmaceuticals Ltd., a Biogen Company, Babraham Research
Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT,
U.K.
| | - Giuseppe Alvaro
- Convergence
Pharmaceuticals Ltd., a Biogen Company, Babraham Research
Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT,
U.K.
| | - Dominique Derjean
- Convergence
Pharmaceuticals Ltd., a Biogen Company, Babraham Research
Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT,
U.K.
| | - Gerard M. P. Giblin
- Convergence
Pharmaceuticals Ltd., a Biogen Company, Babraham Research
Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT,
U.K.
| | - Kevin Gunn
- Convergence
Pharmaceuticals Ltd., a Biogen Company, Babraham Research
Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT,
U.K.
| | - Charles Large
- Convergence
Pharmaceuticals Ltd., a Biogen Company, Babraham Research
Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT,
U.K.
| | - David T. Macpherson
- Convergence
Pharmaceuticals Ltd., a Biogen Company, Babraham Research
Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT,
U.K.
| | - Valerie Morisset
- Convergence
Pharmaceuticals Ltd., a Biogen Company, Babraham Research
Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT,
U.K.
| | - Davina Owen
- Convergence
Pharmaceuticals Ltd., a Biogen Company, Babraham Research
Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT,
U.K.
| | - Joanne Palmer
- Convergence
Pharmaceuticals Ltd., a Biogen Company, Babraham Research
Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT,
U.K.
| | - Francois Rugiero
- Convergence
Pharmaceuticals Ltd., a Biogen Company, Babraham Research
Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT,
U.K.
| | - Simon Tate
- Convergence
Pharmaceuticals Ltd., a Biogen Company, Babraham Research
Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT,
U.K.
| | | | - Himanshu Naik
- Biogen
Inc., 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142,
United States
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Madison T, Donner B, Mutter R, Mingrino R, Alvaro G. Effectiveness of Risk Minimization Measures to Prevent Pregnancy Exposure to Mycophenolate-Containing Medicines in Europe. Pharmaceut Med 2020; 33:395-406. [PMID: 31933233 DOI: 10.1007/s40290-019-00304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2015, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) requested additional Risk Minimization Measures (RMM), consisting of a Direct Healthcare Professional Communication (DHPC), a Guide for Healthcare Professionals (HCPs), and a Guide for Patients, to prevent pregnancy exposure to mycophenolate-containing medicines. OBJECTIVES This study assessed the effectiveness of the additional RMM for any mycophenolate-containing medicine among prescribers of these products in Europe. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among prescribers of mycophenolate-containing medicines in five European countries via the administration of 19 questions checking knowledge levels for the key messages included in the additional RMM. RESULTS Of 79,783 invitations sent to potential prescribers of mycophenolate-containing medicines, 295 HCPs accessed the survey, giving an overall response rate of 0.4% (range 0.1-8.6%). A total of 231 prescribers were included in the primary analysis. Knowledge levels for 15 questions was fair (50 to < 70%) to high (≥ 70%), and for 4 questions was poor (< 50%). Highest knowledge (≥ 75%) was for knowing that mycophenolate is contraindicated in women of childbearing potential not using highly effective contraception (80.3%) and that mycophenolate should not be routinely prescribed during pregnancy (77.5%). Lowest knowledge (≤ 30%) was for knowing that no specific mechanism of teratogenicity and mutagenicity has been identified for mycophenolate (23.4%). Less than half of HCPs reported receipt of the DHPC (42.5%) or were aware of the Guide for HCPs (32.1%) and Guide for Patients (29.7%). The most frequently reported primary source from which HCPs learned about these risks was the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC; 33.8%), while only 9.9% indicated the Guide for HCPs. CONCLUSION Prescribers who participated in this survey appear to be reasonably well informed about the key messages of the RMM put in place in Europe for mycophenolate-containing medicines. The relatively high knowledge levels, in spite of the low proportion of HCPs reporting receipt of the additional RMM, suggest that the SmPC may be sufficiently informing prescribers about the pregnancy risks of mycophenolate-containing medicines and actions recommended to minimize pregnancy risk. Nevertheless, Roche in consultation with EMA will continue to distribute all additional RMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri Madison
- Scientific Medical Affairs, Mapi, an ICON plc company, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Barbara Donner
- Safety Risk Management, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roger Mutter
- Safety Risk Management, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Mingrino
- Safety Risk Management, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Alvaro
- Safety Risk Management, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
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Myles PS, Smith JA, Kasza J, Silbert B, Jayarajah M, Painter T, Cooper DJ, Marasco S, McNeil J, Bussières JS, McGuinness S, Byrne K, Chan MT, Landoni G, Wallace S, Forbes A, Myles P, Smith J, Cooper DJ, Silbert B, McNeil J, Marasco S, Esmore D, Krum H, Tonkin A, Buxton B, Heritier S, Merry A, Liew D, McNeil J, Forbes A, Cooper D, Wallace S, Meehan A, Myles P, Wallace S, Galagher W, Farrington C, Ditoro A, Wutzlhofer L, Story D, Peyton P, Baulch S, Sidiropoulos S, Potgieter D, Baker R, Pesudovs B, O'Loughlin J Wells E, Coutts P, Bolsin S, Osborne C, Ives K, Smith J, Hulley A, Christie-Taylor G, Painter T, Lang S, Mackay H, Cokis C, March S, Bannon P, Wong C, Turner L, Scott D, Silbert B, Said S, Corcoran P, Painter T, de Prinse L, Bussières J, Gagné N, Lamy A, Semelhago L, Chan M, Underwood M, Choi G, Fung B, Landoni G, Lembo R, Monaco F, Simeone F, Marianello D, Alvaro G, De Vuono G, van Dijk D, Dieleman J, Numan S, McGuinness S, Parke R, Raudkivi P, Gilder E, Byrne K, Dunning J, Termaat J, Mans G, Jayarajah M, Alderton J, Waugh D, Platt M, Pai A, Sevillano A, Lal A, Sinclair C, Kunst G, Knighton A, Cubas G, Saravanan P, Millner R, Vasudevan V, Patteril M, Lopez E, Basu R, Lu J. Tranexamic acid in coronary artery surgery: One-year results of the Aspirin and Tranexamic Acid for Coronary Artery Surgery (ATACAS) trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 157:644-652.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pilati N, Speggiorin M, Alvaro G, Large CH. Pharmacological Modulation of Kv3 Potassium Currents. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.2905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Jorga K, Reigner B, Chavanne C, Alvaro G, Frey N. Pediatric Dosing of Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir: How Model-Based Simulations Can Prevent Underexposure and Potential Treatment Failure. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2018; 8:167-176. [PMID: 30354026 PMCID: PMC6430157 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous ganciclovir and oral valganciclovir are effective in the prevention and treatment of pediatric cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection but various dosing regimens are used in medical practice. Population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model-based simulations were used to propose a new ganciclovir pediatric dosing algorithm for regulatory review and to evaluate the approved valganciclovir pediatric dosing algorithm against published dosing recommendations derived from quantitative approaches. Oral valganciclovir (mg = 7 × body surface area (BSA) × creatinine clearance according to the Schwarz formula (CrCLS) daily) and i.v. ganciclovir (mg = 3 × BSA × CrCLS daily) are effective in reaching ganciclovir target exposure for the prevention of CMV (area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)0-24 40-60 μg ∙ hour/mL) in most pediatric patients across the full pediatric age range. In contrast, ganciclovir and valganciclovir dosing based on body weight, as commonly used in medical practice, leads to underexposure, particularly in younger pediatric patients. This example shows that model-based dosing algorithms built on clinical pharmacology and implemented using good modeling practice can prevent underexposure and reduce the risk of treatment failure in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Jorga
- KarinJorga Life Science Consulting GmbH, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Reigner
- Pharma Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences-Clinical Pharmacology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clarisse Chavanne
- Pharma Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences-Clinical Pharmacology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Alvaro
- Safety Risk Management, Established Products, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Frey
- Pharma Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences-Clinical Pharmacology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
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Anderson LA, Hesse LL, Pilati N, Bakay WM, Alvaro G, Large CH, McAlpine D, Schaette R, Linden JF. Increased spontaneous firing rates in auditory midbrain following noise exposure are specifically abolished by a Kv3 channel modulator. Hear Res 2018; 365:77-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Glait L, Fan W, Stillitano G, Sandridge S, Pilati N, Large C, Alvaro G, Kaltenbach JA. Effects of AUT00063, a Kv3.1 channel modulator, on noise-induced hyperactivity in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. Hear Res 2018; 361:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Brown MR, El-Hassar L, Zhang Y, Alvaro G, Large CH, Kaczmarek LK. Physiological modulators of Kv3.1 channels adjust firing patterns of auditory brain stem neurons. J Neurophysiol 2016; 116:106-21. [PMID: 27052580 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00174.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Many rapidly firing neurons, including those in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) in the auditory brain stem, express "high threshold" voltage-gated Kv3.1 potassium channels that activate only at positive potentials and are required for stimuli to generate rapid trains of actions potentials. We now describe the actions of two imidazolidinedione derivatives, AUT1 and AUT2, which modulate Kv3.1 channels. Using Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing rat Kv3.1 channels, we found that lower concentrations of these compounds shift the voltage of activation of Kv3.1 currents toward negative potentials, increasing currents evoked by depolarization from typical neuronal resting potentials. Single-channel recordings also showed that AUT1 shifted the open probability of Kv3.1 to more negative potentials. Higher concentrations of AUT2 also shifted inactivation to negative potentials. The effects of lower and higher concentrations could be mimicked in numerical simulations by increasing rates of activation and inactivation respectively, with no change in intrinsic voltage dependence. In brain slice recordings of mouse MNTB neurons, both AUT1 and AUT2 modulated firing rate at high rates of stimulation, a result predicted by numerical simulations. Our results suggest that pharmaceutical modulation of Kv3.1 currents represents a novel avenue for manipulation of neuronal excitability and has the potential for therapeutic benefit in the treatment of hearing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maile R Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lynda El-Hassar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Giuseppe Alvaro
- Autifony SRL, Verona, Italy; and Autifony Therapeutics Limited, Imperial College Incubator, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles H Large
- Autifony SRL, Verona, Italy; and Autifony Therapeutics Limited, Imperial College Incubator, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonard K Kaczmarek
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut;
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Natali GL, Paolantonio G, Fruhwirth R, Alvaro G, Parapatt GK, Toma' P, Rollo M. Paediatric musculoskeletal interventional radiology. Br J Radiol 2015; 89:20150369. [PMID: 26235144 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20150369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Interventional radiology technique is now well established and widely used in the adult population. Through minimally invasive procedures, it increasingly replaces surgical interventions that involve higher percentages of invasiveness and, consequently, of morbidity and mortality. For these advantageous reasons, interventional radiology in recent years has spread to the paediatric age as well. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the development, use and perspectives of these procedures in the paediatric musculoskeletal field. Several topics are covered: osteomuscle neoplastic malignant and benign pathologies treated with invasive diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedures such as radiofrequency ablation in the osteoid osteoma; invasive and non-invasive procedures in vascular malformations; treatment of aneurysmal bone cysts; and role of interventional radiology in paediatric inflammatory and rheumatic inflammations. The positive results that have been generated with interventional radiology procedures in the paediatric field highly encourage both the development of new ad hoc materials, obviously adapted to young patients, as well as the improvement of such techniques, in consideration of the fact that childrens' pathologies do not always correspond to those of adults. In conclusion, as these interventional procedures have proven to be less invasive, with lower morbidity and mortality rates as well, they are becoming a viable and valid alternative to surgery in the paediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian L Natali
- 1 Interventional Radiology Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rodolfo Fruhwirth
- 1 Interventional Radiology Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Alvaro
- 1 Interventional Radiology Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - George K Parapatt
- 1 Interventional Radiology Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Toma'
- 2 Imaging Department, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Rollo
- 1 Interventional Radiology Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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14
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Rosato-Siri MD, Zambello E, Mutinelli C, Garbati N, Benedetti R, Aldegheri L, Graziani F, Virginio C, Alvaro G, Large CH. A Novel Modulator of Kv3 Potassium Channels Regulates the Firing of Parvalbumin-Positive Cortical Interneurons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 354:251-60. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.225748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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15
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Spada C, Hassan C, Barbaro B, Iafrate F, Cesaro P, Petruzziello L, Minelli Grazioli L, Senore C, Brizi G, Costamagna I, Alvaro G, Iannitti M, Salsano M, Ciolina M, Laghi A, Bonomo L, Costamagna G. Colon capsule versus CT colonography in patients with incomplete colonoscopy: a prospective, comparative trial. Gut 2015; 64:272-81. [PMID: 24964317 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In case of incomplete colonoscopy, several radiologic methods have traditionally been used, but more recently, capsule endoscopy was also shown to be accurate. Aim of this study was to compare colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) and CT colonography (CTC) in a prospective cohort of patients with incomplete colonoscopy. DESIGN Consecutive patients with a previous incomplete colonoscopy underwent CCE and CTC followed by colonoscopy in case of positive findings on either test (polyps/mass lesions ≥6 mm). Clinical follow-up was performed in the other cases to rule out missed cancer. CTC was performed after colon capsule excretion or 10-12 h postingestion. Since the gold standard colonoscopy was performed only in positive cases, diagnostic yield and positive predictive values of CCE and CTC were used as study end-points. RESULTS 100 patients were enrolled. CCE and CTC were able to achieve complete colonic evaluation in 98% of cases. In a per-patient analysis for polyps ≥6 mm, CCE detected 24 patients (24.5%) and CTC 12 patients (12.2%). The relative sensitivity of CCE compared to CTC was 2.0 (95% CI 1.34 to 2.98), indicating a significant increase in sensitivity for lesions ≥6 mm. Of larger polyps (≥10 mm), these values were 5.1% for CCE and 3.1% for CTC (relative sensitivity: 1.67 (95% CI 0.69 to 4.00)). Positive predictive values for polyps ≥6 mm and ≥10 mm were 96% and 85.7%, and 83.3% and 100% for CCE and CTC, respectively. No missed cancer occurred at clinical follow-up of a mean of 20 months. CONCLUSIONS CCE and CTC were of comparable efficacy in completing colon evaluation after incomplete colonoscopy; the overall diagnostic yield of colon capsule was superior to CTC. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01525940.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesare Hassan
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Brunella Barbaro
- Department of Bioimaging and Radiological Sciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Iafrate
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Cesaro
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Carlo Senore
- Epidemiologia dei Tumori II, AOU S Giovanni Battista-CPO Piemonte Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Brizi
- Department of Bioimaging and Radiological Sciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Alvaro
- Department of Bioimaging and Radiological Sciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Iannitti
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salsano
- Department of Bioimaging and Radiological Sciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Ciolina
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Laghi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bonomo
- Department of Bioimaging and Radiological Sciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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16
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Liang Q, Alvaro G, Large C, Covarrubias M. A New Class of Positive Gating Modulators of hKv3.2 Channels: Insights into the Mechanism of Action. Biophys J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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17
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Barbaro B, Soglia G, Alvaro G, Vellone M, Giuliante F, Nuzzo G, Bonomo L. Hepatic veins in presurgical planning of hepatic resection: what a radiologist should know. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 38:442-60. [PMID: 22575908 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-012-9900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic resection is considered to be feasible when all malignant nodules can be technically excised. The goal of the surgical approach is to optimize the oncologic resection (negative margins), sparing the non-cancerous hepatic parenchyma. The outflowing hepatic vein (HV) of that particular liver remnant must be intact in order to preserve its function. The purpose of this article is to familiarize radiologists with anatomy and anatomical variants of HVs, with special emphasis on segmental venous drainage for presurgical planning of hepatic resections. We focus on information which radiologist should give to hepatic surgeon to choose proper surgical approach. Radiologist's familiarity with the anatomy and anatomical variants of HVs is essential for accurate surgical planning to avoid venous congestion as postoperative complication. Any clinically important hepatic vein variation detected on presurgical imaging should be carefully recorded in the radiology report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunella Barbaro
- Department of Bioimaging and Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli 1, Rome, Italy.
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18
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Di Fabio R, Alvaro G, Braggio S, Carletti R, Gerrard PA, Griffante C, Marchioro C, Pozzan A, Melotto S, Poffe A, Piccoli L, Ratti E, Tranquillini E, Trower M, Spada S, Corsi M. Identification, biological characterization and pharmacophoric analysis of a new potent and selective NK1 receptor antagonist clinical candidate. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6264-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Catalani MP, Alvaro G, Bernasconi G, Bettini E, Bromidge SM, Heer J, Tedesco G, Tommasi S. Identification of novel NK1/NK3 dual antagonists for the potential treatment of schizophrenia. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6899-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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20
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Di Fabio R, Alvaro G, Griffante C, Pizzi DA, Donati D, Mattioli M, Cimarosti Z, Guercio G, Marchioro C, Provera S, Zonzini L, Montanari D, Melotto S, Gerrard PA, Trist DG, Ratti E, Corsi M. Discovery and biological characterization of (2R,4S)-1'-acetyl-N-{(1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}-2-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-N-methyl-4,4'-bipiperidine-1-carboxamide as a new potent and selective neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonist clinical candidate. J Med Chem 2011; 54:1071-9. [PMID: 21229983 DOI: 10.1021/jm1013264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A large body of compelling preclinical evidence supports the clinical use of neurokinin (NK) receptor antagonists in a plethora of CNS and non-CNS therapeutic areas. The significant investment made in this area over the past 2 decades culminated with the observation that NK(1) receptor antagonists elicited clinical efficacy in major depression disorders. In addition, aprepitant (Merck) was launched as a new drug able to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). After the discovery by GlaxoSmithKline of vestipitant, a wide drug discovery program was launched aimed at identifying additional clinical candidates. New compounds were designed to maximize affinity at the NK(1) receptor binding site while retaining suitable physicochemical characteristics to ensure excellent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties in vivo. Herein we describe the discovery process of a new NK(1) receptor antagonist (casopitant) selected as clinical candidate and progressed into clinical studies to treat major depression disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Di Fabio
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy.
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21
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Provera S, Guercio G, Turco L, Curcuruto O, Alvaro G, Rossi T, Marchioro C. Application of LC-NMR to the identification of bulk drug impurities in NK1 antagonist GW597599 (vestipitant). Magn Reson Chem 2010; 48:523-530. [PMID: 20535779 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-NMR (LC-NMR) spectroscopy was used to obtain detailed information regarding the structure of the major bulk drug impurities present in GW597599 (vestipitant). The one-dimensional (1)H LC-NMR experiments were performed in both continuous and stop-flow modes on a sample of GW597599 (vestipitant) enriched with mother liquor impurities. The information derived from both LC-NMR and LC-MS data provided the structural information of all major impurities. The full characterisation of the impurities by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy was ultimately performed on appropriately synthesised compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Provera
- Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy.
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22
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Kalinichev M, Bradford A, Bison S, Lucas A, Sartori I, Garbati N, Andreetta F, Bate S, Austin NE, Jones DNC, Read KD, Alvaro G, Large CH. Potentiation of the anticonvulsant efficacy of sodium channel inhibitors by an NK1-receptor antagonist in the rat. Epilepsia 2010; 51:1543-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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23
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Landoni G, Bove T, Pasero D, Comis M, Orando S, Pinelli F, Guarracino F, Corcione A, Galdieri N, Zucchetti M, Maglioni E, Biagioli B, Pala G, Frontini M, Caramelli F, Persi B, Renzini M, Paoletti F, Lorini L, Morelli A, Alvaro G, Bianco R, Pittarello D, Manzato A, Pedersini G, Mizzi A, Lojacono N, Leoncini P, Iovino T, Cariello C, Baldassarri R, Camata AM, Padua G, Frascaroli G, Leonardi S, Bignami E, Zangrillo A. Fenoldopam to prevent renal replacement therapy after cardiac surgery. Design of the FENO-HSR study. HSR Proc Intensive Care Cardiovasc Anesth 2010; 2:111-7. [PMID: 23440680 PMCID: PMC3484615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy is a serious complication following cardiac surgery associated with poor clinical outcomes. Until now no drug showed nephroprotective effects. Fenoldopam is a dopamine-1 receptor agonist which seems to be effective in improving postoperative renal function. The aim of this paper is to describe the design of the FENO-HSR study, planned to assess the effect of a continuous infusion of fenoldopam in reducing the need for renal replacement therapy in patients with acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. METHODS We're performing a double blind, placebo-controlled multicentre randomized trial in over 20 Italian hospitals. Patients who develop acute renal failure defined as R of RIFLE score following cardiac surgery are randomized to receive a 96-hours continuous infusion of either fenoldopam (0.025-0.3 µg/kg/min) or placebo. RESULTS The primary endpoint will be the rate of renal replacement therapy. Secondary endpoints will be: mortality, time on mechanical ventilation, length of intensive care unit and hospital stay, peak serum creatinine and the rate of acute renal failure (following the RIFLE score). CONCLUSIONS This trial is planned to assess if fenoldopam could improve relevant outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery who develop acute renal dysfunction. Results of this double-blind randomized trial could provide important insights to improve the management strategy of patients at high risk for postoperative acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Landoni
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano
| | - T Bove
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano
| | - D Pasero
- A.O.U. San Giovanni Battista, Torino
| | - M Comis
- A.O. Ordine Mauriziano, Torino
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - E Maglioni
- A.O.U. Senese Policlinico S. Maria alle Scotte, Siena
| | - B Biagioli
- A.O.U. Senese Policlinico S. Maria alle Scotte, Siena
| | - G Pala
- Ospedale Civile SS. Annunziata, Sassari
| | | | - F Caramelli
- A.O.U. Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna
| | - B Persi
- Ospedale Regina S. Maria dei Battuti, Treviso
| | - M Renzini
- A.O. di Perugia - Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia
| | - F Paoletti
- A.O. di Perugia - Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia
| | - L Lorini
- Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo
| | - A Morelli
- Università La Sapienza - Policlinico Umberto I, Roma
| | - G Alvaro
- A.O. Mater Domini Germaneto, Catanzaro
| | | | | | - A Manzato
- A.O. Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia
| | | | - A Mizzi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A M Camata
- Ospedale Regina S. Maria dei Battuti, Treviso
| | - G Padua
- Ospedale Civile SS. Annunziata, Sassari
| | | | | | - E Bignami
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano
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Sabbatini FM, Fabio RD, Griffante C, Pentassuglia G, Zonzini L, Melotto S, Alvaro G, Capelli AM, Pippo L, Perdona’ E, Denis YS, Costa S, Corsi M. Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of constrained analogues of Vestipitant as in vitro potent and orally active NK1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:623-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Large CH, Kalinichev M, Lucas A, Carignani C, Bradford A, Garbati N, Sartori I, Austin NE, Ruffo A, Jones DN, Alvaro G, Read KD. The relationship between sodium channel inhibition and anticonvulsant activity in a model of generalised seizure in the rat. Epilepsy Res 2009; 85:96-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2009.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Di Fabio R, Griffante C, Alvaro G, Pentassuglia G, Pizzi DA, Donati D, Rossi T, Guercio G, Mattioli M, Cimarosti Z, Marchioro C, Provera S, Zonzini L, Montanari D, Melotto S, Gerrard PA, Trist DG, Ratti E, Corsi M. Discovery Process and Pharmacological Characterization of 2-(S)-(4-Fluoro-2-methylphenyl)piperazine-1-carboxylic Acid [1-(R)-(3,5-Bis-trifluoromethylphenyl)ethyl]methylamide (Vestipitant) as a Potent, Selective, and Orally Active NK1Receptor Antagonist. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3238-47. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900023b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Cairo AG, Quaranta G, Laurenti P, Bruno S, La Torre G, Donno S, Geraci S, Annunziata F, Attanasio G, Molina R, Milano R, Saggion M, Lauria F, Gualano G, Delogu G, Ardito F, Pirronti T, Filograna E, De Lorenzis A, Alvaro G, Ielo S, Ricciardi G. [An integrated model for the evaluation and risk management of tuberculosis infection and active tuberculosis in homeless people in the city of Rome (Italy)]. Ig Sanita Pubbl 2008; 64:431-445. [PMID: 18985080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this article we describe an integrated model for the evaluation and risk management of tuberculosis (TB) infection and active TB in socially disadvantaged populations in the city of Rome. We describe and discuss the clinical evaluation procedures performed and the data collection forms used; these tools are useful for the epidemiologic surveillance and clinical management of patients, particularly high risk patients such as the homeless.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gerardo Cairo
- Istituto di Igiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito, Roma.
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28
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Alvaro G, Di Fabio R, Gualandi A, Savoia D. Asymmetric Synthesis of 1-(2-Pyrrolyl)alkylamines by the Addition of Organometallic Reagents to Chiral 2-Pyrroleimines. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Savoia D, Alvaro G, Di Fabio R, Gualandi A, Fiorelli C. Asymmetric synthesis of 2-(2-pyridyl)aziridines from 2-pyridineimines bearing stereogenic N-alkyl substituents and regioselective opening of the aziridine ring. J Org Chem 2007; 71:9373-81. [PMID: 17137364 DOI: 10.1021/jo0614137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The addition of chloromethyllithium to the imine derived from 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde and (S)-valinol, protected as its O-trimethylsilyl ether, gave the 1,2-disubstituted aziridine with good yield and diastereoselectivity. The analogous reaction performed on the imine derived from (S)-valine methyl ester gave the product containing the aziridine ring and the alpha-chloro ketone group coming from the attack of chloromethyllithium to the ester function. Other stereogenic alkyl substituents at nitrogen gave less satisfactory results. Moreover, the aziridination protocol did not work on other aromatic imines which were not capable of bidentate chelation, e.g., 3- and 4-pyridineimine and benzaldimine. Preliminary studies showed the possibility to carry out regio- and stereospecific opening reactions of 2-(2-pyridyl)aziridines by attack of internally generated or external nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Savoia
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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30
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Alvaro G, Di Fabio R. Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists--current prospects. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel 2007; 10:613-21. [PMID: 17786860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of substance P (SP) in 1931, and the later discovery of its preferred neurokinin (NK)1 receptor, led to an intense research effort aimed at elucidating the biological role of SP, particularly within the central nervous system. There is now a large body of evidence to support the hypothesis that SP is one of the most important neurotransmitters and neuromodulators present in the brain. Its pharmacology has been intimately linked to the pathophysiology of several relevant neurological and psychiatric disorders, namely nociception, migraine, asthma, nausea, inflammatory bowel syndrome, urinary incontinence, anxiety and depression. This wide therapeutic potential triggered an unprecedented research effort, both preclinically and clinically, to identify appropriate NK1 receptor antagonists and transform them into effective drugs. To date, despite huge investments made by some of the largest pharmaceutical groups worldwide, aprepitant (MK-869, an anti-emetic agent) remains the only NK1 receptor antagonist on the market. Nevertheless, the 'NK1 receptor antagonist race' is not over, as witnessed by the significant number of patents and scientific publications claiming the discovery of new NK1 receptor antagonists issued in recent years. This review describes the most relevant results obtained in this field in the period 2005 to 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Alvaro
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicine Research Centre, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy.
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31
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Savoia D, Alvaro G, Di Fabio R, Gualandi A. Asymmetric route to pyridines bearing a highly functionalized 2-alkyl substituent by aziridine ring-opening reactions. J Org Chem 2007; 72:3859-62. [PMID: 17432914 DOI: 10.1021/jo070364a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aziridine prepared from the 2-pyridineimine derived from (S)-valinol underwent ring-opening by attack of nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen nucleophiles. Complete or prevalent regioselectivity was obtained using cerium trichloride heptahydrate as a catalyst. In some cases, the N-substituent could be removed by an oxidative protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Savoia
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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32
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Di Fabio R, Micheli F, Alvaro G, Cavanni P, Donati D, Gagliardi T, Fontana G, Giovannini R, Maffeis M, Mingardi A, Tranquillini ME, Vitulli G. From pyrroles to 1-oxo-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-β-carbolines: A new class of orally bioavailable mGluR1 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2254-9. [PMID: 17276684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2006] [Revised: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Exploiting the SAR of the known pyrrole derivatives, a new class of mGluR1 antagonists was designed by replacement of the pyrrole core with an indole scaffold and consequent cyclization of the C-2 position into a tricyclic beta-carboline template. The appropriate exploration of the position C-6 with a combination of H-bond acceptor groups coupled with bulky/lipophilic moieties led to the discovery of a new series of mGluR1 antagonists. These compounds exhibited a non-competitive behavior, excellent pharmacokinetic properties, and good in vivo activity in animal models of acute and chronic pain, after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Di Fabio
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicine Research Centre, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy.
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33
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Di Fabio R, Alvaro G, Bertani B, Donati D, Pizzi DM, Gentile G, Pentassuglia G, Giacobbe S, Spada S, Ratti E, Corsi M, Quartaroli M, Barnaby RJ, Vitulli G. Chiral tetrahydroquinoline derivatives as potent anti-hyperalgesic agents in animal models of sustained inflammation and chronic neuropathic pain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 17:1176-80. [PMID: 17218099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2006] [Revised: 12/07/2006] [Accepted: 12/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chiral tetrahydroquinoline derivatives have been prepared by an asymmetric Mannich-type condensation reaction using commercially available vinyloxyethylsilane and a N-arylimino R-(+)-t-butyl lactate ester, in the presence of a catalytic amount of metal triflates as Lewis acids. This synthetic approach gave rise to the target aldehyde intermediate in moderate facial diastereoselectivity and in high chemical yield. This efficient route enabled to scale up the synthesis of an orally bioavailable glycine antagonist showing outstanding in vivo anti-hyperalgesic activity in different animal models of sustained inflammation and chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Di Fabio
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy.
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Savoia D, Alvaro G, Di Fabio R, Fiorelli C, Gualandi A, Monari M, Piccinelli F. Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of 2,6-Di[1-(2-alkylaziridin-1-yl)alkyl]pyridines, Useful Ligands in Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation. Adv Synth Catal 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200606109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Di Fabio R, Tranquillini E, Bertani B, Alvaro G, Micheli F, Sabbatini F, Pizzi MD, Pentassuglia G, Pasquarello A, Messeri T, Donati D, Ratti E, Arban R, Dal Forno G, Reggiani A, Barnaby RJ. Enantiomerically pure tetrahydroquinoline derivatives as in vivo potent antagonists of the glycine binding site associated to the NMDA receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:3863-6. [PMID: 14552796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To identify neuroprotective agents after stroke, new substituted tetrahydroquinoline derivatives were designed as antagonists of the glycine binding site associated to the NMDA receptor, satisfying the key pharmacophoric requirements. In particular, the racemate 3c exhibited outstanding in vivo activity in the MCAo model in rats, when given iv both pre- and post-ischemia. Pure enantiomers 3c-(+) and 3c-(-) have been prepared following an original synthetic route. Despite the significant difference of activity observed in vitro, they shown similar neuroprotective profile in the MCAo model in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Di Fabio
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline S.p.A, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy.
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Montalto M, Diociaiuti A, Alvaro G, Manna R, Amerio PL, Gasbarrini G. Atypical mole syndrome and congenital giant naevus in a patient with celiac disease. Panminerva Med 2003; 45:219-21. [PMID: 14618121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
We describe a case of a 28-year-old woman affected by celiac disease (CD) associated with rare multiple disorders of the cutaneous pigmentary system: atypical mole syndrome and congenital giant naevus. Some other rare skin lesions have been reported in association with celiac disease such as cutaneous sarcoidosic granuloma, bullous pemphigoid, ichthyosis, alopecia areata, erythema elevatum diutinum, sclero-atrophic lichen and primary cutaneous amyloidosis. This is the 1(st) report concerning celiac disease and congenital disorders of the pigmentary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Montalto
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
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Fabio RD, Alvaro G, Bertani B, Donati D, Giacobbe S, Marchioro C, Palma C, Lynn SM. Novel stereocontrolled addition of allylmetal reagents to alpha-imino esters: efficient synthesis of chiral tetrahydroquinoline derivatives. J Org Chem 2002; 67:7319-28. [PMID: 12375961 DOI: 10.1021/jo020327d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To prepare in multigram scale new antagonists of the glycine binding site associated to the NMDA receptor, an efficient distereoselective route was set up. The addition of suitable allyltin reagents to chiral N-aryl alpha-imino esters (R-(+)-tert-butyl lactate used as chiral auxiliary), gave the corresponding alpha amino acid-type derivative in high chemical yield and optical purity. This allylation reaction represents a novel example of efficient long-range stereodifferentiation process. In the last part of the synthesis, a regioselective Heck-type cyclization reaction enabled preparation of the target tetrasubstituted exocycle and trisubtituted endocycle double bond derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Di Fabio
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline S.p.A, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy.
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Alvaro G, Savoia D. Addition of Organometallic Reagents to Imines Bearing Stereogenic N-Substituents. Stereochemical Models Explaining the 1,3-Asymmetric Induction. Synlett 2002. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-25329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory infections such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia in babies and children, producing serious infections and short- to medium-term complications. We conducted a survey, using a questionnaire, to determine the opinions of paediatricians on the geographical and seasonal distribution, and the clinical impact of RSV in Italy. Of the 344 paediatricians who responded, 66% had admitted children affected by RSV into their department, and 38% of these had admitted more than 10 cases during the preceding year. According to those interviewed, newborn babies of lowest gestational age were most often affected. The children considered to be at highest risk of severe infection were those with bronchodysplasia, immunodeficiencies or congenital heart disease; most admissions (87%) were attributed to bronchiolitis. In southern Italy and the islands RSV appeared later and persisted later into the year than in central and northern Italy. Most paediatricians (79%) considered the available treatments for serious RSV ineffective but only half were aware of the possibility of immunoprophylaxis against RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Alvaro
- Medical Department, Abbott S.p.a., Campoverde, Italy
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Abstract
To identify novel classes of glycine antagonists, compounds potentially useful as neuroprotective after stroke, novel substituted tetrahydroquinoline derivatives, satisfying the key pharmacophoric requirements for glycine antagonists, were designed. To explore the SAR of these compounds an efficient synthetic route was set up exploiting the outstanding reactivity of suitable N-aryl imine derivatives. In particular an allylmetalation reaction or the addition of bis(trimethyldisilyl)ketene acetals allowed the preparation of versatile intermediates which were smoothly transformed into the desired bicycle tetrahydroquinoline derivatives by a Heck-type cyclization reaction.Key words: glycine antagonists, neuroprotection, tetrahydroquinolines, synthesis, allylmetalation.
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Barone C, Corsi DC, Pozzo C, Cassano A, Alvaro G, Colloca G, Landriscina M, Astone A. Vinorelbine and alternating cisplatin and ifosfamide in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Oncology 2000; 58:25-30. [PMID: 10644937 DOI: 10.1159/000012075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore the activity of a combination of vinorelbine (VNL) and alternating cisplatin (CDDP) and ifosfamide (IFX) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a phase II study was performed. Seventy chemoradiotherapy naive patients with NSCLC, stage IIIA, IIIB and IV disease, PS (ECOG) </=2, were treated with CDDP 40 mg/m(2) on days 1, 2, 3, IFX 1,800 mg/m(2) on days 22, 23, 24 and VNL 30 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, 22, 29 every 6 weeks up to 6 courses. In the 67 evaluable patients, an objective response rate was observed in 47.8 +/- 12% (95% CI) with complete responses in 6%; responses occurred more frequently in patients with locally advanced disease (stage IIIA/IIIB) and/or performance status 0. The median duration of survival was 12 months: 19.9 months in stage III patients who received an integrated treatment and 10 months in metastatic disease. The median time to treatment failure was 10.5 months. Toxicity was mainly hematological, even though it was not dose-limiting and easily manageable. This combination seems to be active, and the good safety profile is probably the result of the use of an alternating schedule of CDDP and IFX. Median overall survival was also encouraging in stage IV disease. The prolongation of survival obtained when surgery and/or radiotherapy is applicable needs confirmation through a larger study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Barone
- Istituto di Medicina Interna e Geriatria, Cattedra di Oncologia Medica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia.
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Alvaro G, Grepioni F, Grilli S, Maini L, Martelli G, Savoia D. Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,2-Diamines by the Addition of Allylic Zinc and Magnesium Reagents to N,N′-Bis[(S)-1-phenylethyl)]ethanediimine. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2000. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-6377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Alvaro G, Martelli G, Savoia D, Zoffoli A. Synthesis of (S)- and (R)-1-(2-Furyl)alkylamines and (S)- and (R)-α-Amino Acids Through the Addition of Organometallic Reagents to Imines Derived from (S)-Valinol. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 1998. [DOI: 10.1055/s-1998-2227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Fité M, Alvaro G, Clapés P, López-Santin J, Benaiges M, Caminal G. Reactivity of easily removable protecting groups for glycine in peptide synthesis using papain as catalyst. Enzyme Microb Technol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(98)00030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Alvaro G. [Evaluation of the effect of a new milk formula with added nucleotides on some gastrointestinal functions. Results of a nation-wide study of 5009 infants. Pediatric Study Group]. Minerva Pediatr 1998; 50:347-58. [PMID: 9973802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal function represent one of the most frequent reasons for pediatric consultation during the first four months of life. Few studies have evaluated these clinical conditions in relation to infant diet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a new formula enriched with nucleotides (Similac Formula Plus-Abbott) on fecal consistency, wind and regurgitation. METHODS The study was carried out using an observational type, prospective design which involved 778 pediatricians throughout Italy. From November 1996 to June 1997, a total of 5009 healthy infants were evaluated: all were born at term, aged between newborn and 4 months old. For 2 weeks after the first examination (day 0), the parents kept a record of the number and consistency of feces, frequency of regurgitation and wind in each infant. This diary was given to the pediatrician during the second and last examination (day 14). Any confusing variables, such as intercurrent pathologies, administration of drugs or diet supplements were reported to the pediatrician and corrected during analysis. RESULTS During the course of the 2-week observation period, infants fed with Similac FormulaPlus showed a lower incidence of formed and hard feces compared to other milk formulas (34.7% vs 44.8%, p > 0.001), and likewise a lower incidence of severe regurgitation (9.7 vs 18.1%, p > 0.001) and wind (62.7% vs 72.5%, p > 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that the new milk formula enriched with nucleotides has beneficial effects on the consistency of feces, wind and regurgitation and can therefore be regarded as a step towards the benefits which only breast feeding can offer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Alvaro
- Direzione Medica, Abbott SpA, Campoverde, Latina.
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Alvaro G, Martelli G, Savoia D. Regioselective and diastereoselective addition of organometallic reagents to (S )-N-[(2-pyridyl)methylene]-O-(trimethylsilyl)valinol. Synthesis of (S )-1-(2-pyridyl)alkylamines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1039/a706244c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ruiz S, Feliu JA, Caminal G, Alvaro G, López-Santín J. Reaction engineering for consecutive enzymatic reactions in peptide synthesis: application to the synthesis of a pentapeptide. Biotechnol Prog 1997; 13:783-7. [PMID: 9413136 DOI: 10.1021/bp970070i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A single-pot enzymatic synthesis of Z-CCK5 (4-8) is presented in this work, employing Z-Gly-Trp-OBzl as acyl donor, under kinetic control. The first goal of the work is the development of a synthetic strategy allowing the use of the same medium for two reactions catalyzed by immobilized alpha-chymotrypsin, discriminating between simultaneous and consecutive addition systems. The second goal is the maximization of the pentapeptide yield as a function of the molar excess of both nucleophiles employed. A maximum yield of 36% was obtained, and the addition strategy as well as the optimal initial concentrations of substrates have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ruiz
- Departament of d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Alvaro G, Grepioni F, Savoia D. Synthesis and X-ray Crystal Structure of N,N-Bis[(S)-1-phenylethyl]-(R,R)-4,5- diamino-1,7-octadiene. J Org Chem 1997; 62:4180-4182. [DOI: 10.1021/jo962219v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Alvaro
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di
Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Grepioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di
Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Diego Savoia
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di
Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Alvaro G, Pacioni P, Savoia D. Addition of Organozincate Reagents to Imines Derived from (S)-1-Phenylethylamine and Ethyl (S)-Valinate—Synthesis of (S)-1-(2-Pyridyl)Alkylamines. Chemistry 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.19970030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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