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Williams GM, Ginzel MD. Spatial and Climatic Factors Influence Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Abundance in Intensively Managed Plantations of Eastern Black Walnut. Environ Entomol 2020; 49:49-58. [PMID: 31746336 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Invasive ambrosia beetles are among the most economically important pests of forest and plantation trees world-wide. The development of effective management guidelines for these pests in plantations of high-value hardwood species is hindered by a lack of baseline information regarding their seasonal abundance and dispersal behavior. By analyzing long-term monitoring data from intensively-managed plantations of eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) in north-central Indiana, we identified key spatial and climatic variables that could improve the timing and precision of management actions to reduce ambrosia beetle populations. We also used geospatial analyses to compare species-specific spatial patterns of population density and evaluate the sensitivity of the trap density deployed in our long-term monitoring efforts. Xyleborinus saxesenii Ratzeburg and Xylosandrus crassiusculus Matschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were more abundant during the spring in years preceded by a hot, dry growing season, and cold winter. Both species were positively associated with plantation edges during the fall flight period. However, X. saxesenii was less abundant in plantations close to forest corridors, whereas X. crassiusculus was more abundant in plantations closer to woodlots and other walnut plantations. Geospatial analysis revealed X. crassiusculus is active in larger, more spatially continuous patches than X. saxesenii, and that 200-m trap spacing is likely to be sufficient to detect both species in the spring flight period but may be insufficient to detect X. saxesenii during the fall flight period. Our findings underscore the power and utility of long-term monitoring to improve management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Williams
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - M D Ginzel
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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Williams GM, Ginzel MD. Erratum to "Spatial and Climatic Factors Influence Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Abundance in Intensively Managed Plantations of Eastern Black Walnut". Environ Entomol 2020; 49:268. [PMID: 31925947 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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Nakano Y, Gatell SP, Schultz KAP, Carrillo TM, Fujisaki H, Okada K, Horiike M, Nakamura T, Watanabe Y, Matsusaka Y, Sakamoto H, Fukushima H, Inoue T, Williams GM, Hill DA, Hara J. Successful treatment of metastatic cerebral recurrence of pleuropulmonary blastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27628. [PMID: 30677214 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare pediatric tumor. The central nervous system (CNS) is the most common site of extrathoracic metastasis. The prognosis of PPB patients with CNS metastases is dismal: most patients die within one year after recurrence. Here, we describe two patients diagnosed with PPB who developed intracranial recurrences shortly after the end of their initial treatment and were successfully treated by gross total resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Both patients are in complete remission four and three years after recurrence. Although an optimal regimen remains to be determined, these cases demonstrate that PPB with CNS metastases is potentially curable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sandra Pisa Gatell
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Sabadell Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kris Ann P Schultz
- Cancer and Blood Disorders, International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Thais Murciano Carrillo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Sabadell Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hiroyuki Fujisaki
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiko Okada
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Horiike
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Nakamura
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Matsusaka
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakamoto
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Fukushima
- Department of Pathology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gretchen M Williams
- Cancer and Blood Disorders, International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - D Ashley Hill
- Department of Pathology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Junichi Hara
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Stewart DR, Best AF, Williams GM, Harney LA, Carr AG, Harris AK, Kratz CP, Dehner LP, Messinger YH, Rosenberg PS, Hill DA, Schultz KAP. Neoplasm Risk Among Individuals With a Pathogenic Germline Variant in DICER1. J Clin Oncol 2019; 37:668-676. [PMID: 30715996 PMCID: PMC6553836 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.78.4678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE DICER1 syndrome is an autosomal-dominant, pleiotropic tumor-predisposition disorder caused by pathogenic germline variants in DICER1. We sought to quantify risk, hazard rates, and the probability of neoplasm incidence accounting for competing risks ("cumulative incidence") of neoplasms (benign and malignant) and standardized incidence ratios for malignant tumors in individuals with DICER1 pathogenic variation. PATIENTS AND METHODS We combined data from three large cohorts of patients who carry germline pathogenic variation in DICER1. To reduce ascertainment bias, we distinguished probands from nonprobands. Neoplasm diagnoses were confirmed by review of pathology reports and/or central review of surgical pathology materials. Standardized cancer incidence ratios were determined relative to the SEER program, which does not capture all DICER1-associated neoplasms. For all malignancies and benign tumors ("neoplasms," excluding type Ir pleuropulmonary blastoma and thyroid nodules), we used the Kaplan-Meier method and nonparametric cumulative incidence curves to estimate neoplasm-free survival. RESULTS We calculated the age at first neoplasm diagnosis (systematically ascertained cancers plus DICER1-associated neoplasms pleuropulmonary blastoma, cystic nephroma, and nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma) in 102 female and male nonproband DICER1 carriers. By age 10 years, 5.3% (95% CI, 0.6% to 9.7%) of nonproband DICER1 carriers had developed a neoplasm (females, 4.0%; males, 6.6%). By age 50 years, 19.3% (95% CI, 8.4% to 29.0%) of nonprobands had developed a neoplasm (females, 26.5%; males, 10.2%). After age 10 years, female risk was elevated compared with male risk. Standardized cancer incidence ratio analysis of 102 nonproband DICER1 carriers, which represented 3,344 person-years of observation, showed significant cancer excesses overall, particularly of gynecologic and thyroid cancers. CONCLUSION This work provides the first quantitative analysis of site-specific neoplasm risk and excess malignancy risk in 102 systematically characterized nonproband DICER1 carriers. Our findings inform DICER1 syndrome phenotype, natural history, and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gretchen M. Williams
- Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | - Anne K. Harris
- Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry, Minneapolis, MN
- International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Louis P. Dehner
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry, Minneapolis, MN
- International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry, Minneapolis, MN
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Yoav H. Messinger
- Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - D. Ashley Hill
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Kris Ann P. Schultz
- Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry, Minneapolis, MN
- International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry, Minneapolis, MN
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Saiepour N, Najman JM, Ware R, Baker P, Clavarino AM, Williams GM. Does attrition affect estimates of association: A longitudinal study. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 110:127-142. [PMID: 30639918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Survey research frequently involves missing cases attributable to refusals to participate, lack of success in accessing all potential respondents or loss to follow-up in longitudinal studies. There is concern that those not recruited or those lost are a select group whose absence from a study may bias the findings of the study. This study provides a test of the extent to which selective loss to follow-up in a longitudinal study may lead to biased findings. The Mater-University Study of Pregnancy collected baseline information for 7718 pregnant women. Follow-ups occurred five years, 14 years, 21 years and 27 years after the birth, for 6753 eligible women. Participants at baseline were partitioned according to follow-up status for each follow-up. We compare baseline (at recruitment) measures of association, with these same measures of association for those retained in the study (Group A) and those lost to follow-up (Group B) at each phase of data. Using univariate logistic regression we compared the strength of association between maternal mental health and various baseline socio-demographic factors for different rates of loss to follow-up. Estimates of association at baseline, and at each follow-up are similar irrespective of the rate of loss to follow-up and whether the comparison is with those retained in the study or those lost to follow-up. There were no statistically significant differences in 90.8% of baseline comparisons with Group A, and 96.9% of comparisons with Group B measures of association. We conclude that differential loss to follow-up rarely affects estimates of association. We suggest that loss to follow-up may produce misleading findings only in circumstances where loss to follow-up is combined with a number of other sources of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Saiepour
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Australia
| | - J M Najman
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Australia; School of Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4067, Australia.
| | - R Ware
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Australia
| | - P Baker
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Australia
| | - A M Clavarino
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia
| | - G M Williams
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Australia
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Khan NE, Ling A, Raske ME, Harney LA, Carr AG, Field A, Harris AK, Williams GM, Dehner LP, Messinger YH, Hill DA, Schultz KAP, Stewart DR. Structural renal abnormalities in the DICER1 syndrome: a family-based cohort study. Pediatr Nephrol 2018; 33:2281-2288. [PMID: 30178239 PMCID: PMC6203641 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-4040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The DICER1 syndrome is a tumor-predisposition disorder caused by germline pathogenic variation in DICER1 and is associated with cystic nephroma and other renal neoplasms. Dicer1 mouse and rare human DICER1 syndrome case reports describe structural kidney and collecting system anomalies. We investigated renal function and the frequency of structural abnormalities of the kidney and collecting system in individuals with germline loss-of-function variants in DICER1. METHODS In this family-based cohort study, prospectively ascertained germline DICER1-mutation carriers (DICER1-carriers) and unaffected family controls were evaluated at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center with renal ultrasound and comprehensive laboratory testing. Two radiologists reviewed the imaging studies from all participants for structural abnormalities, cysts, and tumors. RESULTS Eighty-nine DICER1-carriers and 61 family controls were studied. Renal cysts were detected in 1/33 DICER1-carrier children without history of cystic nephroma. Similar proportions of adult DICER1-carriers (8/48; 17%) and controls (11/50; 22%) had ultrasound-detected renal cysts (P = 0.504). 8/89 (9%) DICER1-carriers harbored ultrasound-detected structural abnormalities of varying severity within the collecting system or kidney, nephrolithiasis, or nephrocalcinosis. None of the family controls (0/61) had similar findings on ultrasound (P = 0.02). No meaningful differences in renal laboratory values between DICER1-carriers and unaffected family controls were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our report is the first to systematically characterize renal function and anatomy in a large prospective cohort of DICER1-carriers and DICER1-negative family controls. DICER1-carriers may be at increased risk of structural anomalies of the kidney or collecting system. The role for DICER1 in renal morphogenesis merits additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. Khan
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Alexander Ling
- Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Molly E. Raske
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55404
| | | | | | - Amanda Field
- Division of Pathology and Center for Clinical and Immunology Research, Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010;,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037
| | - Anne K. Harris
- Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55404;,International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Minneapolis, MN, 55404;,International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry, Minneapolis, MN, 55404
| | - Gretchen M. Williams
- Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55404;,International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Minneapolis, MN, 55404
| | - Louis P. Dehner
- Department of Pathology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MS, 63130
| | - Yoav H. Messinger
- Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55404;,International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Minneapolis, MN, 55404
| | - D. Ashley Hill
- Division of Pathology and Center for Clinical and Immunology Research, Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010;,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037
| | - Kris Ann P. Schultz
- Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55404;,International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Minneapolis, MN, 55404;,International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry, Minneapolis, MN, 55404
| | - Douglas R. Stewart
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850
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Mamun AA, McIntyre DH, Najman JM, Williams GM, Khatun M, Finlay J, Callaway L. Young adult pregnancy status and the risk of developing overweight and obesity among women and men. Clin Obes 2018; 8:327-336. [PMID: 30047250 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancies can end in miscarriage, birth or termination. Although it is well known that pregnancy results in weight gain across the life course, it is unknown whether pregnancies which end in termination and miscarriage contribute to this. The study used a sub-sample of 3630 adult offspring from the original cohort of the Mater University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) and its outcomes, in Brisbane, Australia. Anthropometric data were measured at 5, 14 and 21 years of age and experience of pregnancy including termination, miscarriage and births were self-reported at 21 years. Multivariable analyses were conducted to determine whether pregnancy status of young people independently associated with overweight or obesity status. The women who had at least one birth were more likely to have overweight (odds ratio [OR] 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 2.27) or obese (OR 2.38; 95% CI: 1.58, 3.59) compared to women who did not experience any pregnancy. Women whose pregnancies were terminated or miscarried were at the same risk of overweight or obesity as women who did not experience any pregnancy. For men, there is no association between the pregnancies in their partners and the mean difference in their body mass index. Young women whose pregnancies result in a birth, but not terminations or miscarriages, are at greater risk of having overweight or obesity following the birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mamun
- Institute of Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - D H McIntyre
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, Mater Health Services, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J M Najman
- Institute of Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - G M Williams
- Institute of Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Khatun
- Institute of Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Finlay
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - L Callaway
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Schultz KAP, Williams GM, Kamihara J, Stewart DR, Harris AK, Bauer AJ, Turner J, Shah R, Schneider K, Schneider KW, Carr AG, Harney LA, Baldinger S, Frazier AL, Orbach D, Schneider DT, Malkin D, Dehner LP, Messinger YH, Hill DA. DICER1 and Associated Conditions: Identification of At-risk Individuals and Recommended Surveillance Strategies. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2251-2261. [PMID: 29343557 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic germline DICER1 variants cause a hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome with a variety of manifestations. In addition to conferring increased cancer risks for pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) and ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors, particularly Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, individuals with pathogenic germline DICER1 variants may also develop lung cysts, cystic nephroma, renal sarcoma and Wilms tumor, nodular hyperplasia of the thyroid, nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma, ciliary body medulloepithelioma, genitourinary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, and brain tumors including pineoblastoma and pituitary blastoma. In May 2016, the International PPB Registry convened the inaugural International DICER1 Symposium to develop consensus testing and surveillance and treatment recommendations. Attendees from North America, Europe, and Russia provided expert representation from the disciplines of pediatric oncology, endocrinology, genetics, genetic counseling, radiology, pediatric surgery, pathology, and clinical research. Recommendations are provided for genetic testing; prenatal management; and surveillance for DICER1-associated pulmonary, renal, gynecologic, thyroid, ophthalmologic, otolaryngologic, and central nervous system tumors and gastrointestinal polyps. Risk for most DICER1-associated neoplasms is highest in early childhood and decreases in adulthood. Individual and caregiver education and judicious imaging-based surveillance are the primary recommended approaches. These testing and surveillance recommendations reflect a consensus of expert opinion and current literature. As DICER1 research expands, guidelines for screening and treatment will continue to be updated. Clin Cancer Res; 24(10); 2251-61. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Ann P Schultz
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. .,Cancer and Blood Disorders Program, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Gretchen M Williams
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Cancer and Blood Disorders Program, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Junne Kamihara
- Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Solid Tumor Programs, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas R Stewart
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anne K Harris
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Cancer and Blood Disorders Program, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Andrew J Bauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Pediatric Thyroid Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joyce Turner
- Cancer Genetic Counseling Program, George Washington University, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Rachana Shah
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Katherine Schneider
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Genetics and Prevention, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kami Wolfe Schneider
- Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | | - Shari Baldinger
- Virginia Piper Cancer Institute, Allina Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - A Lindsay Frazier
- Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Solid Tumor Programs, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Orbach
- SIREDO Oncology Center (Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer), Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - David Malkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louis P Dehner
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Lauren V. Ackerman Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, Barnes-Jewish and St. Louis Children's Hospitals, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yoav H Messinger
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Cancer and Blood Disorders Program, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - D Ashley Hill
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington D.C
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9
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Suetani S, Mamun A, Williams GM, Najman JM, McGrath JJ, Scott JG. The association between adolescent psychopathology and subsequent physical activity in young adulthood: a 21-year birth cohort study. Psychol Med 2018; 48:269-278. [PMID: 28625171 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717001660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beneficial effects of physical activity (PA) for both physical and mental wellbeing are well established. Given that adolescence presents a critical developmental period during which life-long patterns of PA become established, the exploration of the longitudinal impact of adolescent psychopathology on adult PA status is of interest. METHODS We analysed prospective data from 3663 young adults who participated in the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy. Psychopathology was measured using the Youth Self-Report (YSR) at age 14. Participants' engagement in three types of PA (vigorous exercise, moderate exercise and walking) at age 21 were dichotomised into either 'none' or 'any'. For our main analysis, we examined the association between the YSR score and subsequent PA engagement using logistic regression. We also conducted sensitivity analyses of longitudinal associations between the YSR internalising and externalising symptoms score at age 14 and PA engagement at age 21. RESULTS We found no longitudinal association between the total YSR score at age 14 and PA engagement at age 21. In addition, there was no longitudinal association between the YSR internalising or externalising symptoms and PA engagement. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that there is no longitudinal association between adolescent psychopathology and PA in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suetani
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health,Wacol,Australia
| | - A Mamun
- Institute for Social Science Research,The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly,Australia
| | - G M Williams
- School of Population Health, The University of Queensland,Herston,Australia
| | - J M Najman
- School of Population Health, The University of Queensland,Herston,Australia
| | - J J McGrath
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health,Wacol,Australia
| | - J G Scott
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health,Wacol,Australia
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10
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Najman JM, Plotnikova M, Williams GM, Alati R, Mamun AA, Scott J, Clavarino AM, Wray N. Maternal depression and family adversity: Linked pathways to offspring depression? J Psychiatr Res 2017; 88:97-104. [PMID: 28110084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
There is conflicting evidence about the contribution of maternal depression and family adversity to depression experienced by offspring. Because maternal depression and family adversity are related, there is a need to determine how they independently contribute to offspring depression. Data are from a long-running prospective birth cohort study (Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy and its outcomes - MUSP). For this study some 2200 offspring were followed up at 30 years of age. We first examine the association between maternal depression and family adversity over the period from the pregnancy to the child reaching adulthood. Then we consider the extent to which maternal depression and family adversity trajectories over this period predict CIDI/DSM-IV episodes of depression in the offspring of these mothers at 30 years of age. We find a strong bi-directional association between maternal depression and family experiences of adverse life events over the entire period the child is at home. After adjustment, children reared in a family experiencing high levels of adverse life events are more likely to experience a lifetime ever DSM-IV diagnosis of depression, are more likely to have experienced multiple episodes of lifetime ever depression, and are more likely to report their first episode of depression was at a younger age. The findings suggest the association between maternal depression and offspring depression appears to be partly attributable to the higher levels of family adversity characteristic of depressed mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake M Najman
- Schools of Public Health and Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - M Plotnikova
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - G M Williams
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - R Alati
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A A Mamun
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J Scott
- UQCCR, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Australia
| | - A M Clavarino
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - N Wray
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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11
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Khan NE, Bauer AJ, Schultz KAP, Doros L, Decastro RM, Ling A, Lodish MB, Harney LA, Kase RG, Carr AG, Rossi CT, Field A, Harris AK, Williams GM, Dehner LP, Messinger YH, Hill DA, Stewart DR. Quantification of Thyroid Cancer and Multinodular Goiter Risk in the DICER1 Syndrome: A Family-Based Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:1614-1622. [PMID: 28323992 PMCID: PMC5443331 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The risk of thyroid cancer and multinodular goiter (MNG) in DICER1 syndrome, a rare tumor-predisposition disorder, is unknown. OBJECTIVE To quantify the risk of thyroid cancer and MNG in individuals with DICER1 syndrome. DESIGN Family-based cohort study. SETTING National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center (CC). PARTICIPANTS The National Cancer Institute DICER1 syndrome cohort included 145 individuals with a DICER1 germline mutation and 135 family controls from 48 families. INTERVENTIONS Each individual completed a detailed medical history questionnaire. A subset underwent a 3-day evaluation at the NIH CC. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The cumulative incidence of MNG (or thyroidectomy) was quantified using the complement of the Kaplan-Meier product limit estimator. We compared the observed number of thyroid cancers in the NCI DICER1 cohort with matched data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. We performed germline and somatic (thyroid cancer, MNG) DICER1 sequencing. RESULTS By the age of 40 years, the cumulative incidence of MNG or thyroidectomy was 75% in women and 17% in men with DICER1 syndrome compared with 8% of control women (P < 0.001) and 0% of control men (P = 0.0096). During 3937 person-years of observation, individuals with DICER1 syndrome had a 16-fold increased risk of thyroid cancer (95% confidence interval, 4.3 to 41; P < 0.05) compared with the SEER rates. Of 19 MNG nodules and 3 thyroid cancers, 16 (84%) and 3 (100%), respectively, harbored germline and somatic pathogenic DICER1 mutations. CONCLUSIONS We propose a model of thyroid carcinogenesis in DICER1 syndrome. Early-onset, familial, or male MNG should prompt consideration of the presence of DICER1 syndrome.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/epidemiology
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/surgery
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Carcinoma/epidemiology
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/surgery
- Carcinoma, Papillary
- Case-Control Studies
- Cohort Studies
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics
- Family
- Female
- Germ-Line Mutation
- Goiter, Nodular/diagnostic imaging
- Goiter, Nodular/epidemiology
- Goiter, Nodular/genetics
- Goiter, Nodular/surgery
- Humans
- Incidence
- Male
- Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/genetics
- Prevalence
- Ribonuclease III/genetics
- Risk
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary
- Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery
- Thyroidectomy/statistics & numerical data
- Ultrasonography
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. Khan
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Andrew J. Bauer
- The Thyroid Center, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Kris Ann P. Schultz
- Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404
- International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404
| | - Leslie Doros
- Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Rosamma M. Decastro
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Alexander Ling
- Radiology & Imaging Sciences Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Maya B. Lodish
- Section of Endocrinology and Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | | | | | | | - Christopher T. Rossi
- Division of Pathology and Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037
| | - Amanda Field
- Division of Pathology and Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037
| | - Anne K. Harris
- Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404
- International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404
| | - Gretchen M. Williams
- Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404
| | - Louis P. Dehner
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Yoav H. Messinger
- Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404
| | - D. Ashley Hill
- Division of Pathology and Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037
| | - Douglas R. Stewart
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850
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12
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Dehner LP, Messinger YH, Williams GM, Stewart DR, Harney LA, Schultz KA, Hill DA. Type I Pleuropulmonary Blastoma versus Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation Type IV. Neonatology 2017; 111:76. [PMID: 27562209 DOI: 10.1159/000447992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis P Dehner
- Lauren V. Ackerman Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Mo., USA
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13
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Stewart DR, Givens SS, Harris AK, Williams GM, Messinger YH, Schultz KAP, Hill DA. Comment on: DICER1-Negative Pleuropulmonary Blastoma in a Patient With Selective IgA Deficiency. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63:1869-70. [PMID: 27238822 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Stewart
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Clinical Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Shannon S Givens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Clinical Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Anne K Harris
- Department of Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Gretchen M Williams
- Department of Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Yoav H Messinger
- Department of Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kris Ann P Schultz
- Department of Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - D Ashley Hill
- Division of Pathology, Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
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14
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Cameron AM, Wesson RN, Ahmadi AR, Singer AL, Hu X, Okabayashi T, Wang Y, Shigoka M, Fu Y, Gao W, Raccusen LC, Montgomery RA, Williams GM, Sun Z. Chimeric Allografts Induced by Short-Term Treatment With Stem Cell Mobilizing Agents Result in Long-Term Kidney Transplant Survival Without Immunosuppression: II, Study in Miniature Swine. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:2066-76. [PMID: 26748958 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation is now lifesaving therapy for patients with end-stage organ failure but requires lifelong immunosuppression with resultant morbidity. Current immunosuppressive strategies inhibit T cell activation and prevent donor-recipient engagement. Therefore, it is not surprising that few host cells are demonstrated in donor grafts. However, our recent small animal studies found large numbers of recipient stem cells present after transplantation and pharmacological mobilization, resulting in a chimeric, repopulated organ. We now confirm these findings in a well-characterized large animal preclinical model. Here, we show that AMD3100 and FK506 mobilization of endogenous stem cells immediately post kidney transplantation combined with repeat therapy at 1, 2, and 3 months led to drug-free long-term survival in maximally immunologically mismatched swine. Three long-term recipients have stable chimeric transplants, preserved antidonor skin graft responses, and normal serum creatinine levels despite withdrawal of all medication for 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cameron
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - R N Wesson
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - A R Ahmadi
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - A L Singer
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - X Hu
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - T Okabayashi
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Surgery, Kochi Health Center, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - M Shigoka
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Fu
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - W Gao
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - L C Raccusen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - R A Montgomery
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - G M Williams
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Z Sun
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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15
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Decastro RM, Givens S, Kim JH, Doros L, Harney LA, Carr AG, Harris A, Williams GM, Dehner LP, Messinger YH, Schultz KAP, Hill DA, Stewart DR. The role of nasal endoscopy screening for NCMH in the DICER1 syndrome. J Clin Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.34.15_suppl.e13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shannon Givens
- National Institutes of Health/ National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Jeffrey H Kim
- National Institutes of Health/ National Institute of Deafness and other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - Ann G Carr
- Westat/National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Anne Harris
- International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Gretchen M. Williams
- The International Pleuropulmonary Registry, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Yoav H. Messinger
- The International Pleuropulmonary Registry, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Kris Ann P Schultz
- The International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry, Children's Hospital and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Douglas R Stewart
- National Institutes of Health/ National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
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16
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Williams GM, Messinger YH, Stewart DR, Dehner LP, Field A, Harris A, Hill DA, Schultz KAP. Type I and type IR PPB: An update from the International PPB Registry. J Clin Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.34.15_suppl.10517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Douglas R Stewart
- National Institutes of Health/ National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Louis P Dehner
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Amanda Field
- Children's Nartional Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Anne Harris
- Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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17
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Iatropoulos MJ, Duan JD, Schmuck G, Williams GM. The urinary bladder carcinogen propoxur does not produce genotoxic effects in the urinary bladder of Wistar male rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:453-8. [PMID: 26164753 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Propoxur (PPX) is a carbamate insecticide which induced urinary bladder cancer in Wistar rats when fed at 5000ppm in Altromin 1321 diet (1321). In the present investigation, PPX was studied for induction of several key events related to modes of action (MOA) of carcinogenicity in urinary bladders (UBs). Wistar rats were administered the compound for 28 days at 8000ppm in Provini Liba SA 3883 diet, which is similar to the 1321 diet. o-Anisidine HCl (AH) was used as a genotoxic UB carcinogenic comparator, and trisodium nitrilotriacetate (NTA) as an epigenetic UB carcinogen comparator. Along with the non-dosed control and three test substance groups (PPX, AH, NTA), four more groups were additionally fed 2% ammonium chloride (AC) in the diet to acidify the urine, since 1321 was reported to increase urinary pH. AC did acidify the urine, as expected, although the 3883 diet itself did not increase pH values above 8. In the alkaline comet assay, AH produced DNA single strand breaks (SSBs) in the UB urothelium (UBU) irrespective of AC administration, whereas PPX and NTA did not. In the nucleotide (32)P-postlabeling assay (NPL), AH produced DNA adducts irrespective of AC administration, whereas PPX and NTA did not. Routine (H&E) histopathology evaluation of the UBU did not reveal any hyperplasia or evidence of luminal microprecipitates or calculi in any of the groups. Assessment of UBU proliferation as measured by immunohistochemistry of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, revealed that NTA and NTA plus AC increased the replicating fraction (RF). Also AH plus AC, but not AH alone, increased the RF of UBU, whereas PPX groups were not significantly different from controls. Thus, the results reveal no evidence for DNA SSBs, binding, or alteration of DNA synthesis in the UBU by PPX, while demonstrating UBU DNA damage by AH and showing that NTA does not damage DNA, but causes increased UBU proliferation. The findings are in accord with a genotoxic MOA for AH, and an epigenetic MOA for NTA. The MOA of PPX does not involve genotoxicity and may be specific to the 1321 diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J-D Duan
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - G Schmuck
- Bayer Schering Pharma AG, D-42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G M Williams
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
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18
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Doros LA, Turner J, Williams GM, Rossi C, Schultz KAP, Stewart D, Dehner LP, Messinger YH, Hill DA. The DICER1 syndrome: Genotype-phenotype correlation in PPB patients. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.10022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joyce Turner
- Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | | | | | | | | | - Louis P Dehner
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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19
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Schultz KAP, Williams GM, Stewart D, Rosenberg PS, Doros LA, Dehner LP, Hill DA, Messinger YH. Association of recurrent or progressive p of form types II and III pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) with poor outcome: A report from the international PPB registry. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.10014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Louis P Dehner
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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20
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Messinger YH, Stewart DR, Priest JR, Williams GM, Harris AK, Schultz KAP, Yang J, Doros L, Rosenberg PS, Hill DA, Dehner LP. Pleuropulmonary blastoma: a report on 350 central pathology-confirmed pleuropulmonary blastoma cases by the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry. Cancer 2015; 121:276-85. [PMID: 25209242 PMCID: PMC4293209 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) has 3 subtypes on a tumor progression pathway ranging from type I (cystic) to type II (cystic/solid) and type III (completely solid). A germline mutation in DICER1 is the genetic cause in the majority of PPB cases. METHODS Patients confirmed to have PPB by central pathology review were included, and their clinical characteristics and outcomes were reported. Germline DICER1 mutations were sought with Sanger sequencing. RESULTS There were 435 cases, and a central review confirmed 350 cases to be PPB; 85 cases (20%) were another entity. Thirty-three percent of the 350 PPB cases were type I or type I regressed (type Ir), 35% were type II, and 32% were type III or type II/III. The median ages at diagnosis for type I, type II, and type III patients were 8, 35, and 41 months, respectively. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate for type I/Ir patients was 91%; all deaths in this group were due to progression to type II or III. OS was significantly better for type II versus type III (P = .0061); the 5-year OS rates were 71% and 53%, respectively. Disease-free survival (DFS) was also significantly better for type II versus type III (P = .0002); the 5-year DFS rates were 59% and 37%, respectively. The PPB type was the strongest predictor of outcome. Metastatic disease at the diagnosis of types II and III was also an independent unfavorable prognostic factor. Sixty-six percent of the 97 patients tested had a heterozygous germline DICER1 mutation. In this subset, the DICER1 germline mutation status was not related to the outcome. CONCLUSIONS Cystic type I/Ir PPB has a better prognosis than type II, and type II has a better outcome than type III. Surveillance of DICER1 carriers may allow the earlier detection of cystic PPB before its progression to type II or III PPB and thereby improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav H. Messinger
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Douglas R. Stewart
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD
| | - John R. Priest
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Gretchen M. Williams
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Anne K. Harris
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Kris Ann P. Schultz
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jiandong Yang
- Division of Pathology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Leslie Doros
- Division of Oncology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Philip S. Rosenberg
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD
| | - D. Ashley Hill
- Division of Pathology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Louis P. Dehner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Lauren V. Ackerman Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, Barnes-Jewish and St. Louis Children’s Hospitals, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, MO
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21
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Dehner LP, Messinger YH, Schultz KAP, Williams GM, Wikenheiser-Brokamp K, Hill DA. Pleuropulmonary Blastoma: Evolution of an Entity as an Entry into a Familial Tumor Predisposition Syndrome. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2015; 18:504-11. [PMID: 26698637 PMCID: PMC9743680 DOI: 10.2350/15-10-1732-oa.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is the most common primary malignant neoplasm of the lung in children. Like other solid dysontogenic neoplasms, this tumor typically presents before 7 years of age. The earliest manifestation is the presence of a lung cyst(s), which is usually recognized in the first year of life and is difficult to differentiate on the basis of imaging studies from non-neoplastic cysts of early childhood. From a multilocular cyst, PPB has the potential to progress to a high-grade multipatterned primitive sarcoma. More than 65% of all affected children have a heterozygous germline mutation in DICER1. The DICER1 PPB familial tumor predisposition syndrome is initially recognized in most cases on the basis of PPB alone but also by several other unique and characteristic extrapulmonary tumors, including pediatric cystic nephroma, nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma, nodular lesions of the thyroid, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the cervix, and ciliary body medulloepithelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis P. Dehner
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry. Children’s Hospital and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;,Lauren V. Ackerman Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, Barnes-Jewish and St. Louis Children’s Hospitals, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yoav H. Messinger
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry. Children’s Hospital and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kris Ann P. Schultz
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry. Children’s Hospital and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Gretchen M. Williams
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry. Children’s Hospital and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kathryn Wikenheiser-Brokamp
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry. Children’s Hospital and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;,Division of Pathology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, and Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - D. Ashley Hill
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry. Children’s Hospital and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;,Division of Pathology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
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22
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Schultz KAP, Harris A, Williams GM, Baldinger S, Doros L, Valusek P, Frazier AL, Dehner LP, Messinger Y, Hill DA. Reply: Serum microRNA screening for DICER1-associated pleuropulmonary blastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:2331-2. [PMID: 25251372 PMCID: PMC4205196 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kris Ann P Schultz
- International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry, Children's Hospital and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Oncology, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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23
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Pugh TJ, Yu W, Yang J, Field AL, Ambrogio L, Carter SL, Cibulskis K, Giannikopoulos P, Kiezun A, Kim J, McKenna A, Nickerson E, Getz G, Hoffher S, Messinger YH, Dehner LP, Roberts CWM, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Williams GM, Rossi CT, Meyerson M, Hill DA. Exome sequencing of pleuropulmonary blastoma reveals frequent biallelic loss of TP53 and two hits in DICER1 resulting in retention of 5p-derived miRNA hairpin loop sequences. Oncogene 2014; 33:5295-302. [PMID: 24909177 PMCID: PMC4224628 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pleuropulmonary blastoma is a rare childhood malignancy of lung mesenchymal cells that can remain dormant as epithelial cysts or progress to high-grade sarcoma. Predisposing germline loss-of-function DICER1 variants have been described. We sought to uncover additional contributors through whole exome sequencing of 15 tumor/normal pairs, followed by targeted resequencing, miRNA analysis and immunohistochemical analysis of additional tumors. In addition to frequent biallelic loss of TP53 and mutations of NRAS or BRAF in some cases, each case had compound disruption of DICER1: a germline (12 cases) or somatic (3 cases) loss-of-function variant plus a somatic missense mutation in the RNase IIIb domain. 5p-Derived microRNA (miRNA) transcripts retained abnormal precursor miRNA loop sequences normally removed by DICER1. This work both defines a genetic interaction landscape with DICER1 mutation and provides evidence for alteration in miRNA transcripts as a consequence of DICER1 disruption in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Pugh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Yu
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research and Department of Pathology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J Yang
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research and Department of Pathology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A L Field
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research and Department of Pathology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - L Ambrogio
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S L Carter
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - K Cibulskis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - A Kiezun
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J Kim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A McKenna
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - E Nickerson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G Getz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S Hoffher
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research and Department of Pathology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Y H Messinger
- Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - L P Dehner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical Center, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - C W M Roberts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber/Children's Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Rodriguez-Galindo
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber/Children's Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G M Williams
- Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - C T Rossi
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M Meyerson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D A Hill
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research and Department of Pathology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Fu Y, Sun Z, Fuchs EJ, Wang Y, Shen ZY, Maeda H, Lin Q, Warren DS, Williams GM, Montgomery RA. Successful transplantation of kidney allografts in sensitized rats after syngeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and fludarabine. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:2375-83. [PMID: 25139564 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Current methods to remove donor-specific HLA antibody (DSA) from sensitized patients remain imperfect. We tested novel approaches to desensitization using an animal model of allogeneic sensitization with skin grafts from dark agouti (DA) to Lewis rats. At the peak IgG alloantibody response we transplanted DA kidneys into nephrectomized Lewis recipients (n = 6) and all died within 10 days from antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) from DA donors failed to engraft after lethal or sub-lethal irradiation. Sensitized rats given lethal irradiation plus syngeneic green fluorescent protein (GFP) + HSCT had repopulation of blood, spleen, thymus and lymph nodes by GFP+ cells. At 2 months after HSCT, serum DSA levels were reduced 60-70% and DSA (IgG) production in cultured splenocytes was also significantly decreased. However, there was only a modest improvement in graft survival from an average of 6.5 to 13.9 (n = 9) days. Adding seven daily doses of fludarabine to the preconditioning regimen resulted in long-term survival (>90 days) in 7 out of 10 rat kidney allografts. We conclude that syngeneic HSCT performed after preconditioning with irradiation and fludarabine can reduce DSA, prevent DSA rebound and AMR, enabling successful transplantation in animals with strong antibody reactivity to the donor MHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fu
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Transplant Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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25
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Hughes MCB, Olsen CM, Williams GM, Green AC. A prospective study of cigarette smoking and basal cell carcinoma. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 306:851-6. [PMID: 25234270 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between smoking and primary basal cell carcinoma (BCC), we analyzed data from a 16 year prospective study among randomly selected adults in Nambour, Queensland, Australia. Participants underwent a skin examination in 1992 and took part in an intervention study and follow-up. Information about complexion type and smoking habits including duration and number of cigarettes smoked per day and sun exposure behavior were collected at baseline in 1992, with updates to end of follow-up in 2007. Newly-diagnosed BCCs were ascertained from regional pathology laboratories. Relative risks (RR) of BCC among former and current smokers were estimated using generalized linear models specifying a Poisson distribution with robust error variance and (log) person-years at-risk as offset, adjusting for BCC risk factors. From 1992 to 2007, 281 BCCs were diagnosed in 1,277 participants with available smoking history and no past BCC. Relative to non-smokers, a non-significant inverse association between current smoking and BCC was seen (RR 0.69; 95 % CI 0.45-1.05) but not for former smokers (RR 1.05; 95 % CI 0.84-1.31). Amongst current smokers, inverse associations with BCC were found in those who smoked for up to 18 years (RR 0.44) but not more and those who smoked up to 15 cigarettes per day but not more. The associations with both current and former smoking varied by degree of sunburn propensity. The modest inverse association between current smoking and BCC is considered unlikely to be causal given lack of clear relation with duration or intensity of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C B Hughes
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia,
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26
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Watkins HA, Au M, Bobby R, Archbold JK, Abdul-Manan N, Moore JM, Middleditch MJ, Williams GM, Brimble MA, Dingley AJ, Hay DL. Identification of key residues involved in adrenomedullin binding to the AM1 receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:143-55. [PMID: 23351143 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adrenomedullin (AM) is a peptide hormone whose receptors are members of the class B GPCR family. They comprise a heteromer between the GPCR, the calcitonin receptor-like receptor and one of the receptor activity-modifying proteins 1-3. AM plays a significant role in angiogenesis and its antagonist fragment AM22-52 can inhibit blood vessel and tumour growth. The mechanism by which AM interacts with its receptors is unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We determined the AM22-52 binding epitope for the AM1 receptor extracellular domain using biophysical techniques, heteronuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and alanine scanning. KEY RESULTS Chemical shift perturbation experiments located the main binding epitope for AM22-52 at the AM1 receptor to the C-terminal 8 amino acids. Isothermal titration calorimetry of AM22-52 alanine-substituted peptides indicated that Y52, G51 and I47 are essential for AM1 receptor binding and that K46 and P49 and R44 have a smaller role to play. Characterization of these peptides at the full-length AM receptors was assessed in Cos7 cells by cAMP assay. This confirmed the essential role of Y52, G51 and I47 in binding to the AM1 receptor, with their substitution resulting in ≥100-fold reduction in antagonist potency compared with AM22-52 . R44A, K46A, S48A and P49A AM22-52 decreased antagonist potency by approximately 10-fold. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study localizes the main binding epitope of AM22-52 to its C-terminal amino acids and distinguishes essential residues involved in this binding. This will inform the development of improved AM receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Watkins
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Schultz KAP, Harris A, Williams GM, Baldinger S, Doros L, Valusek P, Frazier AL, Dehner LP, Messinger Y, Hill DA. Judicious DICER1 testing and surveillance imaging facilitates early diagnosis and cure of pleuropulmonary blastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1695-7. [PMID: 24821309 PMCID: PMC4139105 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (SLCT) are both associated with germline mutations in DICER1. In this brief report, a maternal history of SLCT led to identification of a deleterious DICER1 mutation in the patient and her asymptomatic infant. Radiographic screening revealed a large Type I PPB, which was completely resected. Identification of DICER1 mutation carriers and imaging of children at risk for PPB may allow detection of PPB in its earliest and most curable form, leading to increased likelihood of surgical cure and decreased risks of treatment-related late effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Ann P Schultz
- International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry, Children's Hospital and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Oncology, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Doros LA, Schultz KAP, Harris A, Williams GM, Priest JR, Andre N, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Dehner LP, Hill DA, Messinger YH. IVADo treatment of type II and type III pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB): A report from the International PPB Registry. J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.10060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne Harris
- Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - John R. Priest
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | - Louis P Dehner
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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Doros LA, Yang J, Field A, Rossi C, Williams GM, Schultz KAP, Dehner LP, Messinger YH, Hill DA. Pleuropulmonary blastoma: The causative role of germ-line DICER1 mutations. J Clin Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.10024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
10024 Background: Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare, aggressive childhood lung cancer that is often the first manifestation of the PPB-DICER1 familial tumor predisposition which includes other benign and malignant conditions. The initial genetic mutation is inherited by a germ-line loss of function of DICER1 gene which was discovered by Hill et al. It is proposed that loss of DICER1 expression alters miRNA regulation of key regulatory cellular mechanisms which promote tumor growth. PPB can progress from the purely cystic, curable Type I to a high-grade Type III having a dismal prognosis. We sought to determine the frequency of DICER1mutation in the largest cohort of PPB patients to date. Methods: We obtained germ-line DNA from saliva or blood samples from 113 PPB patients collected from 2005-2012. DNA was extracted using the Maxwell 16 Research System (Promega Corporation, Madison WI). Sample quality and quantity was checked using the Nanodrop 2000 (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, DE). Sequencing was performed using the Sanger sequencer. For a subset of cases we used targeted sequencing services or full gene sequence analysis (Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA). Results: Seventy-four (65.5%) PPB patients were found to have deleterious DICER1germ-line mutations. The most common mutation type found was small insertion/deletions. These 74 samples were composed of 7 (9.5%)Type Ir PPBs, 22 (29.7%)Type I PPBs, 24 (32.4%) Type II PPBs, and 21 (28.4%)Type III PPBs. The following Table shows a summary of mutation types identified. Conclusions: Our results confirm that DICER1 germline mutations are the most common genetic alterations in PPB making it critical for genetic testing to be performed at diagnosis. Additionally, this underscores the need for important correlative studies to describe the genotype-phenotype relationship in order for appropriate screening guidelines to be developed and implemented to allow for early detection. While a majority of cases are explained by germline DICER1 mutations using current sequencing methods, further investigation is warranted to elucidate other possible mechanisms in the development of PPB. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amanda Field
- Children's Nartional Medical Center, Washington, DC
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Delusional-like experiences (DLE) are common in the general community and are associated with a family history of mental illness. The aim of this study was to estimate the heritability of DLE. METHOD The Peter's Delusional Inventory (PDI) was administered to a population-based cohort of mothers (n = 2861, aged 35-67 years) and their adult offspring (n = 3079, aged 18-23 years). Heritability of DLE was estimated from the sum scores of the 21 item PDI under the assumption that the covariance between mother-offspring scores is attributable to shared additive genetic factors. RESULTS The means (medians and standard deviations) for the total PDI scores for the mothers and their offspring were 3.6 (3.0, 3.0) and 5.0 (4.0, 3.5), respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient between mother and offspring PDI scores was 0.17 (P < 0.001). The heritability was estimated to be 0.35 (standard error 0.04). CONCLUSION Heritable factors contribute to over a third of the variance of PDI scores in this population. In light of the association between a family history of a wide range of mental disorders and DLE, these experiences may represent a useful quantitative endophenotype for genetic studies of common mental disorders in population settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Varghese
- Metro South Mental Health, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
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31
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Callaway LK, Mamun A, McIntyre HD, Williams GM, Najman JM, Nitert MD, Lawlor DA. Does a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy help predict future essential hypertension? Findings from a prospective pregnancy cohort study. J Hum Hypertens 2012; 27:309-14. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2012.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rattan D, Mamun A, Najman JM, Williams GM, Doi SA. Smoking behaviour in pregnancy and its impact on smoking cessation at various intervals during follow-up over 21 years: a prospective cohort study. BJOG 2012; 120:288-95; discussion 296. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Williams GM, Priest JR, Finkelstein MJ, Harris A, Doros LA, Kratz C, Schultz KAP, Hill DA, Dehner LP, Messinger YH. Effect of radiation on outcome of types II and III PPB: A report from the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry. J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.9521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
9521 Background: Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare dysembryonic lung neoplasm of early childhood with progression from a purely cystic (Type I) lesion to a solid high-grade sarcoma Type III (T-III), or a mixed solid/cystic stage Type II (T-II). Surgery and chemotherapy are required for T-II and T-III PPB, but the benefit of radiation therapy for T-II and T-III PPB is debated and is being evaluated in this study. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of central pathology-reviewed Types II and III PPB from the IPPBR. Treatments were chosen by physician, were not randomized, and included surgery and chemotherapy. The outcome of patients treated with upfront radiation (before progression or relapse) was compared to patients who did not receive radiation. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined to last follow-up, using the Kaplan-Meier analysis, with log-rank test. Results: Outcome for 212 patients (117 Type-II and 95 Type III) was significantly better for T-II than T-III: EFS for T-II was 68.1% vs. T-III 45.7% (P=0.002), and OS for T-II was 75.2% vs. T-III 57.9% (p=0.01). Excluding patients with incomplete therapy information, 174 were treated with surgery and chemotherapy. Of these 44 (25%) also received radiation therapy; 130 patients did not. The table below shows comparison of radiated vs. non-radiated. Radiation provided no additional survival benefit, overall or by tumor Type. Multivariate analysis showed that gender and extent of primary tumor resection (biopsy vs. gross total resection) had no effect on outcome, however T-II vs. T-III retained prognostic significance. Conclusions: For this collection of advanced-type PPB, outcome is significantly better for T-II than T-III. For patients treated initially with surgery and chemotherapy, adding radiation therapy offered no improvement in event-free or overall survival. Limitations of this study include its retrospective nature and non-uniform treatment regimens. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John R. Priest
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Anne Harris
- Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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Messinger YH, Williams GM, Priest JR, Harris A, Doros LA, Schultz KAP, Dehner LP, Hill DA. Outcome of 116 cases of pleuropulmonary blastoma type I and type Ir (regressed): A report from the International PPB Registry (IPPBR). J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.9522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
9522 Background: Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare dysembryonic lung neoplasm of early childhood with progression from a purely cystic Type I (T-I) lesion to cystic solid and solid high grade sarcoma (Type II and Type III). A regressed form of PPB (T-Ir) has been recognized pathologically. The outcome of both T-I and T-Ir has been only partially described. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 345 IPPBR cases showed 116 T-I or T-Ir. In all cases the PPB diagnosis was made on surgically removed cysts. The treating physician decided whether to use chemotherapy after surgery. Results: The pathologic diagnosis of the 91 PPB T-I and 25 T-Ir is now confirmed by central review (LPD and DAH). Patients with T-I were younger than T-Ir (median: 8 months vs. 48 months).Diagnosis after age 6 years included only one T-I compared to 10 T-Ir patients. Therapy is not known for 28 T-I and 2 T-Ir. Surgery was followed by chemotherapy in 31 T-I and 2 T-Ir. Six (5%) recurred with the same type, all were alive at last follow-up: 5 (5.5%) T-I, 1 (4%) T-Ir. Progression to high-grade Type II or III occurred in 9/91 (10%) T-I and 2/25 (8%) T-Ir. The addition of chemotherapy did not significantly reduce progressions (Fisher’s exact test). All of the tumor progressions were seen by 75 months of age; this finding is similar to broader IPPBR data: > 95% of patients are diagnosed with Type II/III by 72 months of age. Of the 9 patients with T-I who progressed, 5 ultimately died, whereas the 2 T-Ir who progressed were alive. At last follow-up 111/116 (95.6%) were alive. Conclusions: A cyst in an older individual most likely will be Type Ir. Type I and Type Ir are clinically similar with a small risk of progression to the advanced Type II/III up to 6 years of age. Outcome for those whose cystic PPBs progressed is poor. The role of chemotherapy remains uncertain for the prevention of progression in the pure cystic PPB Type I or Ir. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John R. Priest
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Anne Harris
- Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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Iatropoulos MJ, Duan JD, Jeffrey AM, Leach MW, Hayes AN, Stedman NL, Williams GM. Hepatocellular proliferation and hepatocarcinogen bioactivation in mice with diet-induced fatty liver and obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 65:451-6. [PMID: 22459205 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Human liver cancer is in part associated with obesity and related metabolic diseases. The present study was undertaken in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) and hepatic steatosis, conditions which can be associated with hepatic neoplasia, to determine whether the rates of cell proliferation or hepatocarcinogen bioactivation were altered in ways which could facilitate hepatocarcinogenesis. DIO mice were generated by feeding C57BL/6 (B6) male mice a high-fat diet beginning at 4 weeks of age; age-matched conventional lean (LEAN) B6 mice fed a low fat diet (10% Kcal from fat) were used for comparison. Groups of 28 week old DIO and LEAN mice were dosed with the bioactivation-dependent DNA-reactive hepatocarcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), at 2.24 or 22.4 mg/kg, given by gavage 3 times per week for 31 days, or received no treatment (DIO and LEAN control groups). Compared with the LEAN control group, the DIO control group had a higher mean body weight (16.5 g), higher mean absolute (1.4 g) and mean relative (25.5%) liver weights, higher (394%) liver triglyceride concentrations, and an increased incidence and severity of hepatocellular steatosis at the end of the dosing phase. The DIO control group also had a higher mean hepatocellular replicating fraction (31% increase, determined by proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry). Hepatocarcinogen bioactivation, based on formation of AAF DNA adducts as measured by nucleotide (32)P-postlabeling, was similar in both DIO and LEAN AAF-dosed groups. Thus, hepatocellular proliferation, but not hepatocarcinogen bioactivation, was identified as an alteration in livers of DIO mice which could contribute to their susceptibility to hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Iatropoulos
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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Okabayashi T, Cameron AM, Hisada M, Montgomery RA, Williams GM, Sun Z. Mobilization of host stem cells enables long-term liver transplant acceptance in a strongly rejecting rat strain combination. Am J Transplant 2011; 11:2046-56. [PMID: 21883903 PMCID: PMC3190303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Careful examination of liver, kidney and heart transplants in human recipients has revealed small numbers of host bone marrow derived stem cells in the graft. If the limited recipient repopulation of a donor graft that is currently observed could be facilitated, it is possible that conversion to a predominantly host phenotype would permit long-term graft function without immunosuppression. We proposed to "engineer" repopulation after transplant in a strain combination (dark agouti [DA] to Lewis green fluorescent protein+[LEW GFP+]) which rejects liver grafts strongly, a model that more closely resembles the situation in humans. Treatment on days 0, 1, 2, 3 and 7 after transplantation with low-dose (0.1 mg/kg) tacrolimus (T) designed to blunt rejection combined with plerixafor (P) to mobilize host stem cells resulted in greater than 180 days graft survival with extensive albeit spotty conversion of a small (50%) DA graft to the recipient LEW GFP+ genotype. Subsequent skin grafting revealed donor-specific graft prolongation. The T plus P treatment resulted in higher levels of Lin-Thy1+CD34+CD133+ stem cells and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the blood and liver at day 7. Thus, pharmacological mobilization of host stem cells sustains liver allografts by two mechanisms: repopulation of injured donor cells and regulation of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Okabayashi
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Schultz KAP, Pacheco MC, Yang J, Williams GM, Messinger Y, Hill DA, Dehner LP, Priest JR. Ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors, pleuropulmonary blastoma and DICER1 mutations: a report from the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 122:246-50. [PMID: 21501861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a childhood cancer arising from pleuropulmonary mesenchyme. This neoplasm is a sentinel disease in a familial tumor syndrome recently found to be associated with germline mutations in DICER1. Observations of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors (OSCST) in PPB kindreds led to further study. We sought to characterize ovarian tumors seen in probands and families with PPB and PPB-related conditions and define germline DICER1 status. METHODS Patient and family records of pathology-reviewed PPB cases enrolled in the International PPB Registry (IPPBR) were searched for ovarian tumors. Ovarian tumor pathology specimens were obtained and centrally reviewed. Germline DNA from patients with ovarian tumors was tested for DICER1 mutations. Three additional OSCST patients registered in the IPPBR were also tested for mutations in DICER1. RESULTS Among 296 kindreds including 325 children with PPB, we observed three children with both PPB and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCT)/Sertoli cell tumors. Among family members of PPB patients, we identified six OSCST (three SLCT, one Sertoli cell tumor, one juvenile granulosa cell tumor, one gynandroblastoma). Age at ovarian tumor diagnosis was youngest in PPB probands and younger in family members than in OSCST in general. Germline DICER1 mutations were identified in four of six patients with OSCST from PPB kindreds and in two of three children with OSCST and no personal or family history of PPB. CONCLUSIONS Primary ovarian neoplasms, particularly OSCST, are a manifestation of the familial PPB syndrome and may be the initial clinical presentation of DICER1 mutations within a family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Ann P Schultz
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, 2530 Chicago Ave. S., CSC-175, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA.
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Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) results in chronic nasal symptoms and chest disease leading to bronchiectasis. We noted a number of patients referred for diagnostic testing whose initial results suggested PCD due to an inner dynein arm or radial spoke defect but in whom no abnormality was found on retesting. The present study was an audit of all patients referred for PCD diagnostic testing over a 3-yr period whose initial electron microscopy (EM) and beat pattern analysis suggested an inner dynein arm or radial spoke defect. 21 patients referred for diagnostic testing for PCD suspected of an inner dynein arm defect and six suspected of a radial spoke defect on initial EM and beat pattern analysis had repeat testing performed. On repeat testing, five patients initially suspected of an inner dynein arm defect and one with a radial spoke defect had normal EM and beat pattern, leading to the initial diagnosis being questioned. Patients suspected of PCD due to an inner dynein arm defect or radial spoke defect should have the diagnosis reassessed if it has been based on only one diagnostic sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O'Callaghan
- Dept of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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Johnson AD, Bennett RH, Newey J, Pryce GJ, Williams GM, Burke TM, Jones JC, Keir AM. InNxSb1−x Light Emitting Diodes Grown by MBE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-607-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We present the first reported MBE growth of light emitting diodes (LED's) with active regions made up of InSb/ InNxSbl−x (O<x<0.02) superlattices, grown onto InSb(100) substrates. Such dilute alloys of nitrogen in other III-V materials have been shown to exhibit very large bandgap bowing parameters due to differences in atomic size and the electro-negativity of nitrogen. Novel growth techniques have been developed to enable epitaxy of high quality InNxSbl−x, using an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma source. Material characterisation was performed by double crystal x-ray diffraction (DXRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen composition has been determined using DXRD and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). To determine the effect of nitrogen on bandgap, the structures have been fabricated into LED's with InSb/InNxSbl−x superlattice active regions with period ∼1100A. For a nitrogen content of ∼0.3%, the peak emission of the diodes shifts from ∼6pm to >71µm at room temperature.
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Priest JR, Williams GM, Manera R, Jenkinson H, Bründler MA, Davis S, Murray TG, Galliani CA, Dehner LP. Ciliary body medulloepithelioma: four cases associated with pleuropulmonary blastoma--a report from the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry. Br J Ophthalmol 2010; 95:1001-5. [PMID: 21156700 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2010.189779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ciliary body medulloepithelioma (CBME) is a rare embryonal ocular tumour of children under age 10 years. Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare embryonal lung tumour in young children and the sentinel disease of the PPB Family Tumour and Dysplasia Syndrome, a distinctive predisposition leading to unusual dysontogenetic-dysplastic and neoplastic conditions in PPB patients and their relatives. Germline mutations of DICER1 gene, a key regulator of gene silencing, underlie this syndrome. CBME occurs with PPB. The authors' aim was to identify CBME cases associated with PPB. METHODS The authors evaluated International PPB Registry and literature PPB cases for CBME, including review of pathologic specimens. RESULTS Four CBME were observed among 550-600 PPB cases; three in patients and one in a parent. One CBME was clinically diagnosed; three were confirmed pathologically (one benign teratoid CBME; one benign non-teratoid CBME; one case, details not available). CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that CBME is a manifestation of the tumour predisposition associated with PPB. Paediatric oncologists and ophthalmologists should be aware that CBME can occur in PPB patients or their relatives and that CBME may indicate a hereditable tumour predisposition for a child or family.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Priest
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA.
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Priest JR, Williams GM, Mize WA, Dehner LP, McDermott MB. Nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma in children with pleuropulmonary blastoma--A report from the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry registry. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 74:1240-4. [PMID: 20822816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma (NCMH) is an uncommon chondro-stromal tumor of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in infancy and childhood. Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is also a rare malignancy of lung and pleura in childhood and is the sentinel disease of an important familial tumor and dysplasia syndrome. This study identified NCMH in PPB patients. METHODS The International PPB Registry collects cases of PPB using central pathology review and evaluation of clinical records. The Registry also evaluates PPB literature. Examples of NCMH occurring with PPB were identified. Clinical records, digital radiography and pathologic specimens of PPB-associated NCMH cases were analyzed. RESULTS Among approximately 625 cases of PPB, four children developed NCMH. These cases are among 28 total reported NCMH cases. NCMH presented with sinonasal congestion and visible polypoid nasal masses and were diagnosed from ages 7 to 15 years, similar to older reported NCMH cases. NCMH involved the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and upper nasopharynx, was bilateral in three children and locally recurrent in one. In two children, NCMH had the characteristic pathologic spectrum of immature nodules of cartilage surrounded by spindle cell stroma, whereas the other two NCMH displayed mature chondroid nodules and a less varied fibrous stroma. NCMH was not identified in family members with PPB. CONCLUSIONS NCMH developing in four children with PPB indicates that NCMH is part of the heredofamilial disease complex associated with PPB. Otorhinolaryngologists and pediatric oncologists should be aware that these two rare conditions occur together and that affected patients may have a familial predisposition to childhood malignant and dysplastic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Priest
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, 2525 Chicago Ave. S., MS 17-412, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA.
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Bahubeshi A, Bal N, Rio Frio T, Hamel N, Pouchet C, Yilmaz A, Bouron-Dal Soglio D, Williams GM, Tischkowitz M, Priest JR, Foulkes WD. Germline DICER1 mutations and familial cystic nephroma. J Med Genet 2010; 47:863-6. [PMID: 21036787 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2010.081216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multilocular cystic nephroma (CN) is a benign kidney tumour and is part of a family of kidney neoplasms including cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma and Wilms tumour (WT). CN is rarely familial or bilateral, but it occurs in about 10% of families where pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is present. Recently, germline mutations in DICER1 were found in familial PPB. OBJECTIVE To search for DICER1 mutations in two families with familial CN; PPB was present in one family. Additionally, to test germline DNA from 50 children with sporadic WT for DICER1 mutations. RESULTS Both families with multiple CN were found to have mutations in DICER1 leading to premature stop codons, predicted to result in loss of the ribonuclease and dsRNA binding domains. These domains are essential to the function of DICER1. No germline mutations were found in any of the 50 children who had developed WT. CONCLUSION It has been established that DICER1 mutations cause familial CN and may be implicated in bilateral CN. No germline mutations were found in the patients with WT, suggesting that DICER1 mutations are unlikely to have a major role in the aetiology of sporadic WT. These results provide further evidence implicating miRNA dysregulation in tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Bahubeshi
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Welham J, Scott J, Williams GM, Najman JM, Bor W, O'Callaghan M, McGrath J. The antecedents of non-affective psychosis in a birth-cohort, with a focus on measures related to cognitive ability, attentional dysfunction and speech problems. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2010; 121:273-9. [PMID: 19694626 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01470.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adults with non-affective psychosis show subtle deviations in a range of developmental trajectories as children and adolescents. METHOD Based on a birth-cohort (n = 3801), we examined the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPTV) at age 5, and Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) and Wide Range Achievement Test reading scale (WRAT-R) at age 14. Items related to speech problems and attentional dysfunction were available from maternal- or self-report. At age 21, we identified 60 cohort members who were screen-positive for non-affective psychosis (SP-NAP). RESULTS Impaired performance on the PPVT and RSPM (but not WRAT-R) predicted SP-NAP for males only. Male cohort members in the highest quartile for attentional dysfunction at ages 5 and 14 were about 5-8 times more likely to develop SP-NAP. SP-NAP in males was significantly associated with speech problems at age 14. CONCLUSION Males who develop non-affective psychoses have subtle impairments in cognitive capacity prior to the development of their psychotic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Welham
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia
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Najman JM, Keeping JD, Morrison J, Western JS, Williams GM. Social class, religion and contraceptive failure in a sample of pregnant women in Brisbane. Community Health Stud 2010; 8:323-31. [PMID: 6518752 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.1984.tb00461.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Najman JM, Morrison J, Keeping JD, Andersen MJ, Williams GM. Social factors associated with the decision to relinquish a baby for adoption. Community Health Stud 2010; 14:180-9. [PMID: 2208982 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.1990.tb00039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the characteristics, social circumstances and mental health of women who give a child up for adoption. This paper reports data from a longitudinal study of 8556 women interviewed initially at their first obstetrical visit. In total, 7668 proceeded to give birth to a live singleton baby, of which 64 then relinquished the baby for adoption. Relinquishing mothers were predominantly 18 years of age or younger, in the lowest family income group, single, having an unplanned and/or unwanted baby and reported that they were not living with a partner. These women were somewhat more likely to manifest symptoms of anxiety and depression both prior, and subsequent to, the adoption, but the majority of relinquishing mothers were of 'normal' mental health. The decision to relinquish a baby appears to be a consequence of an unwanted pregnancy experienced by an economically deprived single mother rather than the result of emotional or psychological/psychiatric considerations. These findings document a particular dimension of the impact of poverty on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Najman
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Queensland
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Abstract
AIM To report the stability of parent-perceived child irregular eating from 6 months to 14 years of age and to investigate a predictive model inclusive of child and parent factors. METHODS Of the 7223 singleton children in a birth cohort, 5122 children were re-interviewed at 5 years and 4554 for the 14-year analysis. Information was obtained from structured interviews including questions answered by parents of the child at birth, 6 months, 5 years and 14 years; and by teenagers at age 14 years and from physical measures of the child. The mother's perception that the child was an irregular eater at age 14 years was the major outcome variable of interest. RESULTS Approximately 40% of irregular eaters at age 5 will still be irregular eaters at age 14 years. This was not related to maternal education or socio-economic class. Significant at multivariate analysis were infant feeding problems and the children's ability to regulate their sleep and mood. Significant maternal factors were greater age, not feeling positive about the baby and persistent maternal anxiety during the child's early years. CONCLUSION Irregular eating behaviour displays considerable continuity from childhood to mid-adolescence. Independent contributions to this behavioural phenotype include child biological and psychological factors and maternal anxiety during the child's early years.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M McDermott
- Kids in Mind Research, The Mater Centre for Service Research in Mental Health and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
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van der Pols JC, Gunnell D, Williams GM, Holly JMP, Bain C, Martin RM. Childhood dairy and calcium intake and cardiovascular mortality in adulthood: 65-year follow-up of the Boyd Orr cohort. Heart 2009; 95:1600-6. [PMID: 19643770 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2009.168716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dairy consumption in childhood may have long-term effects on cardiovascular mortality through influencing the development of risk factors or programming effects. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether dairy and calcium consumption in childhood is associated with adult mortality due to coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and all causes. METHODS In 1937-9, 4999 children in England and Scotland participated in a study of family food consumption, assessed from 7-day household food inventories. Cause of death was ascertained between 1948 and 2005 in 4374 traced cohort members with complete data. Per capita household intake estimates for dairy products and calcium were used as proxies for individual intake. RESULTS No strong evidence that a family diet in childhood high in dairy products was associated with CHD or stroke mortality was found. However, childhood calcium intake was inversely associated with stroke mortality (multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for highest versus lowest calcium group: 0.41; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.16 to 1.05; p for trend = 0.04), but not CHD mortality. All-cause mortality was lowest in those with the highest family dairy (HR = 0.77; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.98; p for trend = 0.04) and calcium intake (HR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.98; p for trend = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Children whose family diet in the 1930s was high in calcium were at reduced risk of death from stroke. Furthermore, childhood diets rich in dairy or calcium were associated with lower all-cause mortality in adulthood. Replication in other study populations is needed to determine whether residual confounding explains part of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C van der Pols
- Cancer and Population Studies Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, Australia, QLD 4006, Australia.
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Hayatbakhsh MR, Sadasivam S, Mamun AA, Najman JM, Williams GM, O'Callaghan MJ. Maternal smoking during and after pregnancy and lung function in early adulthood: a prospective study. Thorax 2009; 64:810-4. [PMID: 19525264 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2009.116301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is a paucity of evidence about whether exposure to antenatal smoking impacts on offspring's lung function in early adulthood. This study aimed to examine whether (1) in utero exposure to maternal smoking is related to poorer respiratory functioning in early adulthood; (2) the impact of prenatal smoking is independent of postnatal maternal smoking; and (3) the link between prenatal smoking and a young adult's lung function is explained by the child's birth weight, smoking or history of asthma. METHODS Data were from a 21-year follow-up of mothers and their children recruited into the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy, a longitudinal prebirth cohort. The study is based on 2409 young adults (1185 males and 1224 females) who had prospective data available on respiratory function at 21 years and maternal smoking during and after pregnancy. A Spirobank G spirometer system was used to measure forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF(25-75)). RESULTS In utero exposure to maternal smoking was associated with a reduction in FEV(1) and FEF(25-75) in males (regression coefficient, -0.16; 95% CI, -0.30 to -0.02), after accounting for maternal smoking after pregnancy. At least part of the effect of in utero smoking on young adults' lung function was explained by the child's birth weight and subsequent asthma. CONCLUSIONS Adverse effects of antenatal smoking on development of airway growth may persist into early adulthood. Gender differences noted in this longitudinal cohort need to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Hayatbakhsh
- University of Queensland, School of Population Health, Herston Road, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.
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Abstract
Surgery for congenital and early childhood lung cysts is often dictated by symptoms such as respiratory distress, infection or pneumothorax. Asymptomatic cysts present a therapeutic dilemma: surgical intervention and "conservative" observation have advocates. The risk of malignancy in such cysts is considered by some an indication for surgical intervention and is reviewed in this paper. Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is the most frequent malignancy associated with childhood lung cysts. Although rare, PPB occurs predictably in certain clinical and familial situations. This unique biology of PPB can inform the cyst management decision. The earliest manifestation of PPB is a malignant lung cyst in young children, clinically and radiographically indistinguishable from benign congenital lung cysts. Histopathologic examination differentiates cystic PPB from the benign cystic variants. Surgical excision of cystic PPB (with or without chemotherapy) cures approximately 85-90% of children. If not excised, cystic PPB evolves to cystic/solid or solid high-grade sarcoma (cure rate 45-60%) by age 2-6 years. Numerous reports of "malignancy in a congenital lung cyst" are now understood as the characteristic progression of cystic PPB. PPB is genetically determined in many cases. Detailed family history may reveal the hallmarks of PPB in the patient or young relatives: a unique constellation of diseases including lung cysts, cystic nephroma, childhood cancers, stromal sex-chord ovarian tumors, seminomas or dysgerminomas, intestinal polyps, thyroid hyperplasias, and hamartomas. Pneumothorax and multifocal/bilateral lung cysts also characterize PPB. These diagnoses predict that a lung cyst is more likely PPB than a benign congenital cyst. Patients fitting this pattern deserve histologic diagnosis. The genetic basis for this heritable syndrome is unknown but is being actively investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Priest
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404, USA.
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Magnuson BA, Burdock GA, Doull J, Kroes RM, Marsh GM, Pariza MW, Spencer PS, Waddell WJ, Walker R, Williams GM. Aspartame: a safety evaluation based on current use levels, regulations, and toxicological and epidemiological studies. Crit Rev Toxicol 2008; 37:629-727. [PMID: 17828671 DOI: 10.1080/10408440701516184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aspartame is a methyl ester of a dipeptide used as a synthetic nonnutritive sweetener in over 90 countries worldwide in over 6000 products. The purpose of this investigation was to review the scientific literature on the absorption and metabolism, the current consumption levels worldwide, the toxicology, and recent epidemiological studies on aspartame. Current use levels of aspartame, even by high users in special subgroups, remains well below the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and European Food Safety Authority established acceptable daily intake levels of 50 and 40 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. Consumption of large doses of aspartame in a single bolus dose will have an effect on some biochemical parameters, including plasma amino acid levels and brain neurotransmitter levels. The rise in plasma levels of phenylalanine and aspartic acid following administration of aspartame at doses less than or equal to 50 mg/kg bw do not exceed those observed postprandially. Acute, subacute and chronic toxicity studies with aspartame, and its decomposition products, conducted in mice, rats, hamsters and dogs have consistently found no adverse effect of aspartame with doses up to at least 4000 mg/kg bw/day. Critical review of all carcinogenicity studies conducted on aspartame found no credible evidence that aspartame is carcinogenic. The data from the extensive investigations into the possibility of neurotoxic effects of aspartame, in general, do not support the hypothesis that aspartame in the human diet will affect nervous system function, learning or behavior. Epidemiological studies on aspartame include several case-control studies and one well-conducted prospective epidemiological study with a large cohort, in which the consumption of aspartame was measured. The studies provide no evidence to support an association between aspartame and cancer in any tissue. The weight of existing evidence is that aspartame is safe at current levels of consumption as a nonnutritive sweetener.
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