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Cabral Miranda LJ, Danilovic DLS, Vanderlei FAB, Tavares MR, Neto NL, Asato de Camargo RY, Marui S. Prevalence of DICER1 variants in large multinodular goiter: thyroid function, clinical and imaging characteristics. Arch Endocrinol Metab 2024; 68:e230030. [PMID: 38330293 PMCID: PMC10948041 DOI: 10.20945/2359-4292-2023-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Objective Mutations in DICER1 are found in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and in multinodular goiter (MNG) at a younger age with other tumors, which characterizes DICER1 syndrome. DICER1 is one driver to DTC; however, it is also found in benign nodules. We speculated that patients with mutations in DICER1 may present long-lasting MNG. Our aim was to investigate the frequency of DICER1 variants in patients with MNG. Subjects and methods Patients who submitted to total thyroidectomy due to large MNG with symptoms were evaluated. DICER1 hotspots were sequenced from thyroid nodule samples. To confirm somatic mutation, DNA from peripheral blood was also analyzed. Results Among 715 patients, 154 were evaluated with 56.2 ± 12.3 years old (28-79) and the thyroid volume was 115.7 ± 108 mL (16.2-730). We found 11% with six DICER1 variations in a homo or heterozygous state. Only rs12018992 was a somatic DICER1 variant. All remaining variants were synonymous and likely benign, according to the ClinVar database. The rs12018992 was previously described in an adolescent with DTC, measuring 13 mm. There were no significant differences according to gender, familial history of goiter, age, thyroid volume, TSH and TI-RADS classification between DICER1 carriers. Free T4 were lower in patients with DICER1 polymorphisms (13.77 ± 1.8 vs. 15.44 ± 2.4 pmol/L, p = 0.008), regardless of TSH levels. Conclusion We conclude that germline DICER1 variants can be found in 11% of large goiters but no second-hit somatic mutation was found. DICER1 is one driver to thyroid lesion and a second-hit event seems unnecessary in the MNG development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Judith Cabral Miranda
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular (LIM25), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Débora L S Danilovic
- Unidade de Tireoide, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Felipe Augusto Brasileiro Vanderlei
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Disciplina de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcos Roberto Tavares
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Disciplina de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Nicolau Lima Neto
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Disciplina de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Rosalinda Yossie Asato de Camargo
- Unidade de Tireoide, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Suemi Marui
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular (LIM25), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil,
- Unidade de Tireoide, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Li YL, Gong FY, Dang ZY, Xiong W, Zhang MD, Wang YX, Wang CC, Jin ZG. Analysis of clinical characteristics of thyroid phenotype in Pendred syndrome based on multiple databases. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:5390-5396. [PMID: 37401273 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202306_32773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to provide statistical data support for the development of thyroid phenotype-related follow-up and reference for follow-up duration and project selection by analyzing the clinical characteristics of thyroid phenotype in Pendred syndrome (PDS) based on multiple databases. MATERIALS AND METHODS PDS-related pathogenic or possibly/pathogenic mutations were searched by Deafness Variation Database (DVD), ClinVar, and PubMed databases, the mutation sites were counted and the characteristics and thyroid phenotypes were analyzed. RESULTS The median age of hearing phenotype onset in PDS cases reported in multiple databases was 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) years, the median age of thyroid phenotype onset was 14.5 (5.8, 21.0) years, and the median age that thyroid phenotype was more delayed than hearing phenotype was 10.0 (4.0, 17.0) years. There were significant differences in the distribution of onset time between the two phenotypes (Z=-4.560, p<0.01). In these patients, the positive rates of goiter, thyroid nodules, abnormal thyroid function, and perchlorate discharge test (PDT) were 78%, 78%, 69%, and 78%, respectively. Moreover, the number of thyroid phenotype-positive items in the genotype group with frameshift mutation was not significantly higher than that in the group without frameshift mutation (Z=-1.452, p=0.147). CONCLUSIONS The early missed diagnosis of PDS may be due to the late onset of thyroid phenotype and the non-100% positive rate of examination items. Therefore, multi-item follow-up of the thyroid gland into adulthood will benefit patients. At present, the relationship between genotype and phenotype is still unclear, and prognosis cannot be determined according to genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-L Li
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.
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3
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Chung SM, Pan YW, Tsai YS, Tsai MC. Congenital hypothyroidism as the initial presentation of pendred syndrome associated with mutated IVS7-2A>G in SLC26A4 gene in a Taiwanese neonate. Pediatr Neonatol 2023; 64:94-95. [PMID: 36154804 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Mei Chung
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Tsai
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Clinical Innovation and Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 70457, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Che Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Genomic Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Vázquez-Román V, Cameselle-Teijeiro JM, Fernández-Santos JM, Ríos-Moreno MJ, Loidi L, Ortiz T, Martín-Lacave I. Histopathological Features of Pendred Syndrome Thyroids Align with Differences in the Expression of Thyroid-Specific Markers, Apical Iodide Transporters, and Ciliogenesis Process. Endocr Pathol 2022; 33:484-493. [PMID: 36242759 PMCID: PMC9712347 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-022-09732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pendred syndrome (PDS) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the gene that encodes pendrin. Pendred thyroid tissue is supposedly altered by the absence of functional pendrin, but it is still unknown whether other iodide exchangers could compensate for the loss of the protein. Moreover, we have recently described that primary cilium, a conserved structure present at the apical surface of normal follicular cells, suffers different alterations in functional thyroid diseases. We aimed (1) to better understand the histopathological changes experienced by PDS thyroids, (2) to analyze the expression of different thyroid-specific genes and alternative iodide transporters and, finally, (3) to determine whether those changes may alter the morphological pattern of primary cilia in follicular cells. Thyroid samples from a series of four PDS patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, double immunofluorescence, and morphometry to evaluate changes in primary cilia frequency and length. We found thyroid follicular nodular disease in all PDS thyroids, frequently in association with follicular adenomas. There were only slight changes in the expression of thyroid-specific markers. Although no positivity for pendrin was found, cytoplasmic immunostaining for ANO-1, CLC-5, and CFTR was stronger in diffuse hyperplastic areas when compared to areas with highly cellular follicular nodules (HCFNs). HCFNs and follicular adenomas always showed diminished ciliary frequency and length. Our results suggest a direct relationship between the absence of functional pendrin and the loss of the normal thyroid architecture in PDS patients, which was also accompanied by differences in the expression of specific immunohistochemical markers and altered ciliogenesis. The present data may help the pathologist in screening for PDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Vázquez-Román
- Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Sánchez Pizjuán S/N, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - J. M. Cameselle-Teijeiro
- Department of Pathology, Galician Healthcare Service (SERGAS), School of Medicine, Clinical University Hospital, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J. M. Fernández-Santos
- Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Sánchez Pizjuán S/N, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - M. J. Ríos-Moreno
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - L. Loidi
- Galician Public Foundation for Xenomic Medicine (SERGAS-Xunta de Galicia), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - T. Ortiz
- Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Sánchez Pizjuán S/N, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - I. Martín-Lacave
- Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Sánchez Pizjuán S/N, 41009 Seville, Spain
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Lu YT, Wang L, Hou LL, Zheng PP, Xu Q, Deng DT. SLC26A4 mutation in Pendred syndrome with hypokalemia: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30253. [PMID: 36107570 PMCID: PMC9439793 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pendred syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, inner ear malformations, goiter, and abnormal organification of iodide. It is caused by mutations in SLC26A4 gene, which encodes pendrin (a transporter of chloride, bicarbonate, and iodide). Pendred syndrome is a common cause of syndromic deafness, but the metabolic abnormalities it causes are often overlooked. Here, we report the case of a patient diagnosed with Pendred syndrome with hypokalemia. PATIENT CONCERNS A 53-year-old deaf-mute woman was hospitalized due to severe limb asthenia. The emergency examination showed that her blood potassium level was 1.8 mmol/L. DIAGNOSES Through the genetic test, we found a mutation of SLC26A4 gene in NM_000441: c.2027T>A, p.L676Q, as well as the SLC26A4 exon 5-6 deletion. These genetic variations pointed to Pendred syndrome (an autosomal recessive disorder that mainly affects the inner ear, thyroid, and kidney) which is a common cause of syndromic deafness. INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated with potassium supplements and screened for the cause of hypokalemia. OUTCOMES The patient was discharged after her potassium levels rose to the normal range. LESSONS Patients with Pendred syndrome may also have certain metabolic abnormalities; thus, more attention should be paid to them during clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Le-Le Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping-Ping Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Da-Tong Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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de Figueiredo WLD, Lopes EF, Jezini DL, Marçal LN, de Assunção EN, Ribeiro Rodrigues PR, José da Mota A, de Carvalho DM, Filho SA, Lopes Botelho JB. Differential gene expression profile of multinodular goiter. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268354. [PMID: 35594253 PMCID: PMC9122239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The goiter, a neglected heterogeneous molecular disease, remains a major indication for thyroidectomies in its endemic regions. Objectives This study analyzed differential gene expression in surgical specimens diagnosed with multi nodular and compared the data to that of thyroid tissue without multinodular goiter from patients undergoing thyroidectomy in Manaus-AM, Brazil using RNA-seq technology. Methodology The transcriptome information of the surgical specimen fragments with and without multinodular goiter was accessed by Illumina HiSeq 2000 New Generation Sequencing (NGS) using the RNA-seq NEBNext® Ultra™ RNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina®—#E7530L protocol and differential gene expression analysis. Results Differences were found between the gene expression profiles of the diseased tissues and those of the healthy control tissues; at least 70 genes were differentially expressed. The HOTS gene was expressed only in multinodular goiter tissues (p < 0.05). Conclusion These results demonstrate that the gene expression profile of multinodular goiter is pro-tumoral and that HOTS can play a central role in multinodular goiter development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eraldo Ferreira Lopes
- Coari Institute of Health and Biotechnology, Federal University of Amazonas, Coari, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Deborah Laredo Jezini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Lorena Naciff Marçal
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adolfo José da Mota
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Spartaco Astolfi Filho
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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7
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Agretti P, De Marco G, Ferrarini E, Di Cosmo C, Montanelli L, Bagattini B, Chiovato L, Tonacchera M. Gene expression profile in functioning and non-functioning nodules of autonomous multinodular goiter from an area of iodine deficiency: unexpected common characteristics between the two entities. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:399-411. [PMID: 34405392 PMCID: PMC8783917 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Toxic multinodular goiter is a heterogeneous disease associated with hyperthyroidism frequently detected in areas with deficient iodine intake, and functioning and non-functioning nodules, characterized by increased proliferation but opposite functional activity, may coexist in the same gland. To understand the distinct molecular pathology of each entity present in the same gland, the gene expression profile was evaluated by using the Affymetrix technology. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from nodular and healthy tissues of two patients and double-strand cDNA was synthesized. Biotinylated cRNA was obtained and, after chemical fragmentation, was hybridized on U133A and B arrays. Each array was stained and the acquired images were analyzed to obtain the expression levels of the transcripts. Both functioning and non-functioning nodules were compared versus healthy tissue of the corresponding patient. RESULTS About 16% of genes were modulated in functioning nodules, while in non-functioning nodules only 9% of genes were modulated with respect to the healthy tissue. In functioning nodules of both patients and up-regulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 was observed, suggesting the presence of a possible feedback control of proliferation. Complement components C1s, C7 and C3 were down-regulated in both types of nodules, suggesting a silencing of the innate immune response. Cellular fibronectin precursor was up-regulated in both functioning nodules suggesting a possible increase of endothelial cells. Finally, Frizzled-1 was down-regulated only in functioning nodules, suggesting a role of Wnt signaling pathway in the proliferation and differentiation of these tumors. None of the thyroid-specific gene was deregulated in microarray analysis. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the main finding from our data is a similar modulation for both kinds of nodules in genes possibly implicated in thyroid growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Agretti
- Endocrinology Unit 1, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - G De Marco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Ferrarini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Di Cosmo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Montanelli
- Endocrinology Unit 1, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - B Bagattini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Chiovato
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, IRCCS Maugeri, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Tonacchera
- Endocrinology Unit 1, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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Tesolin P, Fiorino S, Lenarduzzi S, Rubinato E, Cattaruzzi E, Ammar L, Castro V, Orzan E, Granata C, Dell’Orco D, Morgan A, Girotto G. Pendred Syndrome, or Not Pendred Syndrome? That Is the Question. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1569. [PMID: 34680964 PMCID: PMC8535891 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pendred syndrome (PDS) is the most common form of syndromic Hearing Loss (HL), characterized by sensorineural HL, inner ear malformations, and goiter, with or without hypothyroidism. SLC26A4 is the major gene involved, even though ~50% of the patients carry only one pathogenic mutation. This study aims to define the molecular diagnosis for a cohort of 24 suspected-PDS patients characterized by a deep radiological and audiological evaluation. Whole-Exome Sequencing (WES), the analysis of twelve variants upstream of SLC26A4, constituting the "CEVA haplotype" and Multiplex Ligation Probe Amplification (MLPA) searching for deletions/duplications in SLC26A4 gene have been carried out. In five patients (20.8%) homozygous/compound heterozygous SLC26A4 mutations, or pathogenic mutation in trans with the CEVA haplotype have been identified, while five subjects (20.8%) resulted heterozygous for a single variant. In silico protein modeling supported the pathogenicity of the detected variants, suggesting an effect on the protein stabilization/function. Interestingly, we identified a genotype-phenotype correlation among those patients carrying SLC26A4 mutations, whose audiograms presented a characteristic slope at the medium and high frequencies, providing new insights into PDS. Finally, an interesting homozygous variant in MYO5C has been identified in one patient negative to SLC26A4 gene, suggesting the identification of a new HL candidate gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Tesolin
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Sofia Fiorino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Stefania Lenarduzzi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Elisa Rubinato
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Cattaruzzi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Lydie Ammar
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Veronica Castro
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Eva Orzan
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Claudio Granata
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Daniele Dell’Orco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Anna Morgan
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
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9
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Bulson E, Chaaban S, Asa SL. Pendred Syndrome with C Cell Hyperplasia. Endocr Pathol 2021; 32:427-428. [PMID: 34313966 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-021-09690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
MESH Headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Female
- Goiter/diagnosis
- Goiter/genetics
- Goiter/pathology
- Goiter, Nodular/complications
- Goiter, Nodular/diagnosis
- Goiter, Nodular/genetics
- Goiter, Nodular/pathology
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/complications
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/genetics
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/pathology
- Humans
- Hyperplasia/complications
- Hyperplasia/diagnosis
- Hyperplasia/genetics
- Mutation, Missense
- Sulfate Transporters/genetics
- Thyroid Gland/pathology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Bulson
- Departments of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Sarah Chaaban
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Sylvia L Asa
- Departments of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Mirshahi UL, Kim J, Best AF, Chen ZE, Hu Y, Haley JS, Golden A, Stahl R, Manickam K, Carr AG, Harney LA, Field A, Hatton J, Schultz KAP, Bauer AJ, Hill DA, Rosenberg PS, Murray MF, Carey DJ, Stewart DR. A Genome-First Approach to Characterize DICER1 Pathogenic Variant Prevalence, Penetrance, and Phenotype. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e210112. [PMID: 33630087 PMCID: PMC7907958 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Genetic disorders are historically defined through phenotype-first approaches. However, risk estimates derived from phenotype-linked ascertainment may overestimate severity and penetrance. Pathogenic variants in DICER1 are associated with increased risks of rare and common neoplasms and thyroid disease in adults and children. This study explored how effectively a genome-first approach could characterize the clinical traits associated with germline DICER1 putative loss-of-function (pLOF) variants in an unselected clinical cohort. OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence, penetrance, and phenotypic characteristics of carriers of germline DICER1 pLOF variants via genome-first ascertainment. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study classifies DICER1 variants in germline exome sequence data from 92 296 participants of the Geisinger MyCode Community Health Initiative. Data for each MyCode participant were used from the start of the Geisinger electronic health record to February 1, 2018. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Prevalence of germline DICER1 variation; penetrance of malignant tumors and thyroid disease in carriers of germline DICER1 variation; structured, manual review of electronic health records; and DICER1 sequencing of available tumors from an associated cancer registry. RESULTS A total of 92 296 adults (mean [SD] age, 59 [18] years; 98% white; 60% female) participated in the study. Germline DICER1 pLOF variants were observed in 1 in 3700 to 1 in 4600 participants, more than double the expected prevalence. Malignant tumors (primarily thyroid carcinoma) were observed in 4 of 25 participants (16%) with DICER1 pLOF variants, which is comparable (by 50 years of age) to the frequency of neoplasms in the largest registry- and clinic-based (phenotype-first) DICER1 studies published to date. DICER1 pLOF variants were significantly associated with risks of thyroidectomy (odds ratio [OR], 6.0; 95% CI, 2.2-16.3; P = .007) and thyroid cancer (OR, 9.2; 95% CI, 2.1-34.7; P = .02) compared with controls, but there was not a significant increase in the risk of goiter (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 0.7-4.9). A female patient in her 80s who was a carrier of a germline DICER1 hotspot variant was apparently healthy on electronic health record review. The term DICER1 did not appear in any of the medical records of the 25 participants with a pLOF DICER1 variant, even in those affected with a known DICER1-associated tumor or thyroid phenotype. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cohort study was able to ascertain individuals with germline DICER1 variants based on a genome-first approach rather than through a previously established DICER1-related phenotype. Use of the genome-first approach may complement more traditional approaches to syndrome delineation and may be an efficient approach for risk estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jung Kim
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ana F. Best
- Biostatistics Branch, Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Zongming E. Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ying Hu
- Geisinger Clinic, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania
- Department of Endocrinology, Main Line Health System, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeremy S. Haley
- Geisinger Clinic, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Alicia Golden
- Geisinger Clinic, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard Stahl
- Geisinger Clinic, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Kandamurugu Manickam
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | | | | | - Jessica Hatton
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Kris Ann P. Schultz
- Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s Minnesota, Minneapolis
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Andrew J. Bauer
- The Thyroid Center, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - D. Ashley Hill
- ResourcePath, Sterling, Virginia
- Division of Pathology and Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Philip S. Rosenberg
- Biostatistics Branch, Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Michael F. Murray
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David J. Carey
- Geisinger Clinic, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Douglas R. Stewart
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
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11
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Altaraihi M, Hansen TVO, Santoni-Rugiu E, Rossing M, Rasmussen ÅK, Gerdes AM, Wadt K. Prevalence of Pathogenic Germline DICER1 Variants in Young Individuals Thyroidectomised Due to Goitre - A National Danish Cohort. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:727970. [PMID: 34552563 PMCID: PMC8451242 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.727970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DICER1 syndrome encompasses a variety of benign and malignant manifestations including multinodular goitre, which is the most common manifestation among individuals carrying pathogenic DICER1 variants. This is the first study estimating the prevalence of pathogenic DICER1 variants in young individuals with multinodular goitre. METHODS Danish individuals diagnosed with nodular goitre based on thyroidectomy samples in 2001-2016 with the age limit at time of operation being ≤ 25 years were offered germline DICER1 gene testing. RESULTS Six of 46 individuals, 13% (CI [3.3;22.7], p <0.05), diagnosed with nodular goitre on the basis of thyroidectomy samples under the age of 25 years had pathogenic germline variants in DICER1. They were found in different pathoanatomical nodular goitre cohorts i.e. nodular goitre (n=2), colloid nodular goitre (n=3) and hyperplastic nodular goitre (n=1). CONCLUSIONS We recommend referral of patients thyroidectomised due to goitre aged <21 years and patients thyroidectomised due to goitre aged <25 years with a family history of goitre to genetic counselling. Patients of all ages thyroidectomised due to goitre, who are affected by another DICER1 manifestation should be referred to genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mays Altaraihi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Mays Altaraihi,
| | - Thomas van Overeem Hansen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Santoni-Rugiu
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Rossing
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Åse Krogh Rasmussen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Ziros PG, Renaud CO, Chartoumpekis DV, Bongiovanni M, Habeos IG, Liao XH, Refetoff S, Kopp PA, Brix K, Sykiotis GP. Mice Hypomorphic for Keap1, a Negative Regulator of the Nrf2 Antioxidant Response, Show Age-Dependent Diffuse Goiter with Elevated Thyrotropin Levels. Thyroid 2021; 31:23-35. [PMID: 32689903 PMCID: PMC7840308 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Familial nontoxic multinodular goiter (MNG) is a rare disease. One of the associated genes is Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), which encodes the main inhibitor of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related transcription factor 2 (Nrf2), a central mediator of antioxidant responses. The association of KEAP1 with familial MNG is based on only two loss-of-function mutations identified in two families, only one of which included proper phenotyping and adequate demonstration of co-segregation of the phenotype and the mutation. There is no experimental evidence from model organisms to support that decreased Keap1 levels can, indeed, cause goiter. This study used mice hypomorphic for Keap1 to test whether decreased Keap1 expression can cause goiter, and to characterize the activation status of Nrf2 in their thyroid. Methods: C57BL/6J Keap1flox/flox (Keap1 knock-down [Keap1KD]) mice were studied at 3 and 12 months of age. Plasma and thyroid glands were harvested for evaluation of thyroid function tests and for gene and protein expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting, respectively. Results: Keap1KD mice showed diffuse goiter that began to develop in early adult life and became highly prominent and penetrant with age. The goiter was characterized by a markedly increased size of thyroid follicles, most notably of the colloid compartment, and by absence of thyroid nodules or hyperplasia. Keap1KD mice also showed decreased T4 levels in early adult life that were eventually well compensated over time by increased thyrotropin (TSH) levels. Nrf2 was activated in the thyroid of Keap1KD mice. Despite a known stimulatory effect of Nrf2 on thyroglobulin (Tg) gene transcription and Tg protein abundance, the expression levels were decreased in the thyroid of Keap1KD mice. No clear patterns were observed in the expression profiles of other thyroid hormone synthesis-specific factors, with the exception of Tg-processing and Tg-degrading cathepsins, including an increase in mature forms of cathepsins D, L, and S. Conclusions: Keap1KD mice develop age-dependent diffuse goiter with elevated TSH levels. The precise mechanism accounting for the thyroidal phenotype remains to be elucidated, but it may involve enhanced Tg solubilization and excessive lysosomal Tg degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panos G. Ziros
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cédric O. Renaud
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dionysios V. Chartoumpekis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis G. Habeos
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Xiao-Hui Liao
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, and University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Committee on Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter A. Kopp
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Klaudia Brix
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Gerasimos P. Sykiotis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Stuchi LP, Castanhole-Nunes MMU, Maniezzo-Stuchi N, Biselli-Chicote PM, Henrique T, Padovani Neto JA, de-Santi Neto D, Girol AP, Pavarino EC, Goloni-Bertollo EM. VEGFA and NFE2L2 Gene Expression and Regulation by MicroRNAs in Thyroid Papillary Cancer and Colloid Goiter. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11090954. [PMID: 32824922 PMCID: PMC7563674 DOI: 10.3390/genes11090954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of VEGFA (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A) and NFE2L2 (Nuclear Factor (Erythroid-derived 2)-Like 2), involved in angiogenesis and oxidative stress, can lead to thyroid cancer progression. MiR-17-5p and miR-612 are possible regulators of these genes and may promote thyroid disorders. In order to evaluate the involvement of VEGFA, NFE2L2, hsa-miR-17-5p, and hsa-miR-612 in thyroid pathology, we examined tissue samples from colloid goiter, papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), and a normal thyroid. We found higher levels of VEGFA and NFE2L2 transcripts and the VEGFA protein in goiter and PTC samples than in normal tissue. In the goiter, miR-612 and miR-17-5p levels were lower than those in PTC. Tumors, despite showing lower VEGFA mRNA expression, presented higher VEGFA protein levels compared to goiter tissue. In addition, NRF2 (Nuclear Related Transcription Factor 2) protein levels in tumors were higher than those in goiter and normal tissues. Inhibition of miR-17-5p resulted in reduced NFE2L2 expression. Overall, both transcript and protein levels of NFE2L2 and VEGFA were elevated in PTC and colloid goiter. Hsa-miR-612 showed differential expression in PTC and colloid goiter, while hsa-miR-17-5p showed differential expression only in colloid goiter, suggesting that hsa-miR-17-5p may be a positive regulator of NFE2L2 expression in PTC.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Goiter, Nodular/genetics
- Goiter, Nodular/metabolism
- Goiter, Nodular/pathology
- Humans
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Middle Aged
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/genetics
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/metabolism
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo P. Stuchi
- Research Unit in Genetics and Molecular Biology—UPGEM, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto—FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil; (L.P.S.); (M.M.U.C.-N.); (P.M.B.-C.); (E.C.P.)
| | - Márcia Maria U. Castanhole-Nunes
- Research Unit in Genetics and Molecular Biology—UPGEM, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto—FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil; (L.P.S.); (M.M.U.C.-N.); (P.M.B.-C.); (E.C.P.)
| | - Nathália Maniezzo-Stuchi
- Padre Albino University Center—UNIFIPA, Catanduva, São Paulo 15809-144, Brazil; (N.M.-S.); (A.P.G.)
| | - Patrícia M. Biselli-Chicote
- Research Unit in Genetics and Molecular Biology—UPGEM, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto—FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil; (L.P.S.); (M.M.U.C.-N.); (P.M.B.-C.); (E.C.P.)
| | - Tiago Henrique
- Laboratory of Molecular Markers and Bioinformatics, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto —FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil;
| | - João Armando Padovani Neto
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto —FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil;
| | - Dalisio de-Santi Neto
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Hospital de Base, Foundation Regional Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto—FUNFARME, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil;
| | - Ana Paula Girol
- Padre Albino University Center—UNIFIPA, Catanduva, São Paulo 15809-144, Brazil; (N.M.-S.); (A.P.G.)
| | - Erika C. Pavarino
- Research Unit in Genetics and Molecular Biology—UPGEM, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto—FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil; (L.P.S.); (M.M.U.C.-N.); (P.M.B.-C.); (E.C.P.)
| | - Eny Maria Goloni-Bertollo
- Research Unit in Genetics and Molecular Biology—UPGEM, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto—FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil; (L.P.S.); (M.M.U.C.-N.); (P.M.B.-C.); (E.C.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-17-3201-5720
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14
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Fujioka M, Akiyama T, Hosoya M, Kikuchi K, Fujiki Y, Saito Y, Yoshihama K, Ozawa H, Tsukada K, Nishio SY, Usami SI, Matsunaga T, Hasegawa T, Sato Y, Ogawa K. A phase I/IIa double blind single institute trial of low dose sirolimus for Pendred syndrome/DFNB4. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19763. [PMID: 32384426 PMCID: PMC7220392 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pendred syndrome (PDS)/DFNB 4 is a disorder with fluctuating and progressive hearing loss, vertigo, and thyroid goiter. We identified pathophysiology of a neurodegenerative disorder in PDS patient derived cochlear cells that were induced via induced pluripotent stem cells and found sirolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, as an inhibitor of cell death with the minimum effective concentration less than 1/10 of the approved dose for other diseases. Given that there is no rational standard therapy for PDS, we planned a study to examine effects of low dose oral administration of sirolimus for the fluctuating and progressive hearing loss, and the balance disorder of PDS by daily monitor of their audio-vestibular symptoms. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a phase I/IIa double blind parallel-group single institute trial in patient with PDS/DFNB4. Sixteen of outpatients with fluctuating hearing diagnosed as PDS in SLC26A4 genetic testing aged in between 7 and 50 years old at the time of consent are given either placebo or sirolimus tablet (NPC-12T). In NPC-12T placebo arm, placebo will be given for 36 weeks; in active substance arm, placebo will be given for 12 weeks and the NPC-12T for 24 weeks. Primary endpoints are safety and tolerability. The number of occurrences and types of adverse events and of side effects will be sorted by clinical symptoms and by abnormal change of clinical test results. A 2-sided 95% confidence interval of the incidence rate by respective dosing arms will be calculated using the Clopper-Pearson method. Clinical effects on audio-vestibular tests performed daily and precise physiological test at each visit will also be examined as secondary and expiratory endpoints. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER JMA-IIA00361; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Fujioka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Akiyama
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Hosoya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayoko Kikuchi
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuto Fujiki
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Saito
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshihama
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ozawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Tsukada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shin-ya Nishio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Usami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Matsunaga
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sato
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ogawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Molinaro A, Orlandi P, Niccolai F, Agretti P, De Marco G, Ferrarini E, Di Cosmo C, Vitti P, Piaggi P, Di Desidero T, Bocci G, Tonacchera M. Genetic interaction analysis of VEGF-A rs3025039 and VEGFR-2 rs2071559 identifies a genetic profile at higher risk to develop nodular goiter. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:149-155. [PMID: 31376092 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nodular goiter in patients from areas of iodine deficiency is due to the growth of follicular and endothelial cells, involving different vascular-related growth factors in its pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to examine the association of known single polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor-A [VEGF-A], VEGF receptor-2 [VEGFR-2] and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α [HIF-1α] genes or their genetic interactions with the risk of nodular goiter development. PATIENTS AND METHODS 116 normal subjects, without any thyroid disease, and 108 subjects with nodular goiter [subjects with goiter and at least one thyroid nodule of > 1 cm of maximum size and in absence of signs of autoimmunity] were selected from a homogeneous population living in a mild iodine deficiency geographic area. Analyses were performed on germline DNA obtained from blood samples and VEGF-A rs3025039, VEGFR-2 rs2071559, and HIF-1αrs11549465 SNPs were investigated by real-time PCR technique. The multifactor dimensionality reduction [MDR] methodology was applied to investigate the genetic interaction between SNPs. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was performed. RESULTS None of the studied polymorphisms were individually associated with a higher risk to develop nodular goiter [P > 0.05]. The combination of the VEGF-A rs3025039 and VEGFR-2 rs2071559 polymorphisms had the highest accuracy of 0.58 [P = 0.018] and the interaction of some genotypes was significantly associated with the risk of nodular goiter development. CONCLUSIONS Our results support a genetic interaction between the VEGF-A rs3025039 and VEGFR-2 rs2071559 polymorphisms as a predictor of the risk to develop nodular goiter in subjects coming from an area with mild iodine deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Molinaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, Cisanello, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - P Orlandi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Niccolai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - P Agretti
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G De Marco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, Cisanello, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Ferrarini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, Cisanello, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Di Cosmo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, Cisanello, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - P Vitti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, Cisanello, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - P Piaggi
- Department of Energy and Systems Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - T Di Desidero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Bocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Tonacchera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, Cisanello, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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16
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Hasnain MJU, Shoaib M, Qadri S, Afzal B, Anwar T, Abbas SH, Sarwar A, Talha Malik HM, Tariq Pervez M. Computational analysis of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with SLC26A4 gene. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0225368. [PMID: 31971949 PMCID: PMC6977751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common candidate mutations in human beings that play a vital role in the genetic basis of certain diseases. Previous studies revealed that Solute Carrier Family 26 Member 4 (SLC26A4) being an essential gene of the multi-faceted transporter family SLC26 facilitates reflexive movement of Iodide into follicular lumen through apical membrane of thyrocyte. SLC26A4 gene encodes Pendred protein, a membrane glycoprotein, highly hydrophobic in nature, present at the apical membrane of thyrocyte functioning as transporter of iodide for thyroid cells. A minor genetic variation in SLC26A4 can cause Pendred syndrome, a syndrome associated with thyroid glands and deafness. In this study, we performed in-silico analysis of 674 missense SNPs of SLC26A4 using different computational platforms. The bunch of tools including SNPNEXUS, SNAP-2, PhD-SNP, SNPs&GO, I-Mutant, ConSurf, and ModPred were used to predict 23 highly confident damaging and disease causing nsSNPs (G209V, G197R, L458P, S427P, Q101P, W472R, N392Y, V359E, R409C, Q235R, R409P, G139V, G497S, H723R, D87G, Y127H, F667C, G334A, G95R, S427C, R291W, Q383H and E384G) that could potentially alter the SLC26A4 gene. Moreover, protein structure prediction, protein-ligand docking and Molecular Dynamics simulation were performed to confirm the impact of two evident alterations (Y127H and G334A) on the protein structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, UET, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Salman Qadri
- Department of CS & IT, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Bakhtawar Afzal
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tehreem Anwar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Hassan Abbas
- Department of Bioinformatics, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amina Sarwar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Tariq Pervez
- Department of Bioinformatics, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
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17
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Oliver-Petit I, Bertozzi AI, Grunenwald S, Gambart M, Pigeon-Kerchiche P, Sadoul JL, Caron PJ, Savagner F. Multinodular goitre is a gateway for molecular testing of DICER1 syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019; 91:669-675. [PMID: 31408196 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DICER1 syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder that predisposes individuals to develop benign or malignant tumours from infancy to adulthood. There is low-to-moderate penetrance of tumour development, which is sex- and age-dependent. Multinodular goitre (MNG) is among the most highly penetrant phenotype of the disorder, especially in females. PATIENTS AND METHODS We report a series of eight families referred for childhood-onset of MNG or DICER1-related tumours with familial history of MNG in relatives. No additional families with these criteria stated were identified during the same date. We screened DNA samples from the probands and members of their family (40) for constitutional DICER1 variants using Next Generation Sequencing tools. RESULTS Germline pathogenic DICER1 gene variants were identified in all probands and several of their relatives: 64% presented with MNG/thyroidectomy as the phenotypic expression of the syndrome. DICER1 gene variants were identified in the RNAseIII and the PAZ domains. All tumour tissues studied presented clonal pathogenic variants in hotspot regions. Early identification of DICER1 variant carriers has permitted diagnosis and therapeutic scheme correction for two patients and cascade testing in relatives. CONCLUSIONS Multinodular goitre is uncommon in children. Childhood-onset MNG, multiple occurrences of the disease within the same family, or its association with rare benign or malignant tumours should raise suspicions of anomalies in the DICER1 gene, as proposed by recent international recommendations. Early detection of DICER1 pathogenic variants has important consequences in terms of therapeutic strategy, early tumour screening, and genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Oliver-Petit
- Endocrine, Genetics, Bone Diseases, and Pediatric Gynecology unit, Children's Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Solange Grunenwald
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Cardio-Vascular and Metabolic Unit, CHU Larrey, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Gambart
- Hematology and Oncology unit, Children's Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Philippe J Caron
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Cardio-Vascular and Metabolic Unit, CHU Larrey, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédérique Savagner
- Biochemistry and Genetic laboratory, Federative Institute of Biology, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Inserm UMR1048, I2MC, Toulouse, France
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18
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Bakhsh AD, Ladas I, Hamshere ML, Bullock M, Kirov G, Zhang L, Taylor PN, Gregory JW, Scott-Coombes D, Völzke H, Teumer A, Mantripragada K, Williams ED, Clifton-Bligh RJ, Williams NM, Ludgate ME. An InDel in Phospholipase-C-B-1 Is Linked with Euthyroid Multinodular Goiter. Thyroid 2018; 28:891-901. [PMID: 29897006 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Euthyroid multinodular goiter (MNG) is common, but little is known about the genetic variations conferring predisposition. Previously, a family with MNG of adolescent onset was reported in which some family members developed papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC). METHODS Genome-wide linkage analysis and next-generation sequencing were conducted to identify genetic variants that may confer disease predisposition. A multipoint nonparametric LOD score of 3.01 was obtained, covering 19 cM on chromosome 20p. Haplotype analysis reduced the region of interest to 10 cM. RESULTS Analysis of copy number variation identified an intronic InDel (∼1000 bp) in the PLCB1 gene in all eight affected family members and carriers (an unaffected person who has inherited the genetic trait). This InDel is present in approximately 1% of "healthy" Caucasians. Next-generation sequencing of the region identified no additional disease-associated variant, suggesting a possible role of the InDel. Since PLCB1 contributes to thyrocyte growth regulation, the InDel was investigated in relevant Caucasian cohorts. It was detected in 0/70 PTC but 4/81 unrelated subjects with MNG (three females; age at thyroidectomy 27-59 years; no family history of MNG/PTC). The InDel frequency is significantly higher in MNG subjects compared to controls (χ2 = 5.076; p = 0.024. PLCB1 transcript levels were significantly higher in thyroids with the InDel than without (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The intronic PLCB1 InDel is the first variant found in familial multiple papilloid adenomata-type MNG and in a subset of patients with sporadic MNG. It may function through overexpression, and increased PLC activity has been reported in thyroid neoplasms. The potential role of the deletion as a biomarker to identify MNG patients more likely to progress to PTC merits exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameen D Bakhsh
- 1 Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University , Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Ladas
- 1 Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University , Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Marian L Hamshere
- 2 Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn Bullock
- 3 Kolling Institute of Medical Research and Department of Endocrinology, University of Sydney , Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - George Kirov
- 2 Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Zhang
- 1 Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University , Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Peter N Taylor
- 1 Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University , Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - John W Gregory
- 1 Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University , Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David Scott-Coombes
- 4 Department of Endocrine Surgery; Cardiff University , Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Völzke
- 5 Institute for Community Medicine, Study of Health in Pomerania, Ernst Moritz Arndt University , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Teumer
- 5 Institute for Community Medicine, Study of Health in Pomerania, Ernst Moritz Arndt University , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kiran Mantripragada
- 2 Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - E Dillwyn Williams
- 6 Thyroid Carcinogenesis Research Group, Strangeways Research Laboratory , Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roderick J Clifton-Bligh
- 3 Kolling Institute of Medical Research and Department of Endocrinology, University of Sydney , Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nigel M Williams
- 2 Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Marian E Ludgate
- 1 Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University , Cardiff, United Kingdom
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19
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Caimari F, Kumar AV, Kurzawinski T, Butler G, Sabbaghian N, Foulkes WD, Korbonits M. A novel DICER1 mutation in familial multinodular goitre. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2018; 89:110-112. [PMID: 29633305 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Caimari
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ajith V Kumar
- Clinical Genetics Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Thomas Kurzawinski
- Pancreatic and Endocrine Surgery Department, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Gary Butler
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Nelly Sabbaghian
- Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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20
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Altaraihi M, Pedersen J, Rossing M, Gedes AM, Wadt K. [A family with a congenital DICER1 mutation]. Ugeskr Laeger 2018; 180:V01180063. [PMID: 29938629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Germ line DICER1 mutations predispose to a syndrome associated with increased risk of e.g. multinodular goitre (MNG), pleuropulmonary blastoma and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour (SLCT). This is a case report about a family with a nonsense DICER1 mutation, c.988C>T, affecting six family members. The proband had once undergone a unilateral oophorectomy and a thyroidectomy due to SLCT and MNG, respectively. The proband has two children with the mutation but with no manifestations. Given this circumstance, we discuss the prospects of an implementation of screening programmes for children with predisposed cancerous syndromes.
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21
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Apellaniz-Ruiz M, de Kock L, Sabbaghian N, Guaraldi F, Ghizzoni L, Beccuti G, Foulkes WD. Familial multinodular goiter and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors associated with a large intragenic in-frame DICER1 deletion. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 178:K11-K19. [PMID: 29187512 DOI: 10.1530/eje-17-0904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Familial multinodular goiter (MNG), with or without ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (SLCT), has been linked to DICER1 syndrome. We aimed to search for the presence of a germline DICER1 mutation in a large family with a remarkable history of MNG and SLCT, and to further explore the relevance of the identified mutation. DESIGN AND METHODS Sanger sequencing, Fluidigm Access Array and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) techniques were used to screen for DICER1 mutations in germline DNA from 16 family members. Where available, tumor DNA was also studied. mRNA and protein extracted from carriers' lymphocytes were used to characterize the expression of the mutant DICER1. RESULTS Nine of 16 tested individuals carried a germline, in-frame DICER1 deletion (c.4207-41_5364+1034del), which resulted in the loss of exons 23 and 24 from the cDNA. The mutant transcript does not undergo nonsense-mediated decay and the protein is devoid of specific metal ion-binding amino acids (p.E1705 and p.D1709) in the RNase IIIb domain. In addition, characteristic somatic 'second hit' mutations in this region were found on the other allele in tumors. CONCLUSIONS Patients with DICER1 syndrome usually present a combination of a typically truncating germline DICER1 mutation and a tumor-specific hotspot missense mutation within the sequence encoding the RNase IIIb domain. The in-frame deletion found in this family suggests that the germline absence of p.E1705 and p.D1709, which are crucial for RNase IIIb activity, may be enough to permit DICER1 syndrome to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Apellaniz-Ruiz
- Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Leanne de Kock
- Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nelly Sabbaghian
- Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Federica Guaraldi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Pituitary Unit, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Ghizzoni
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Beccuti
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - William D Foulkes
- Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Oncology and Human Genetics, Program in Cancer Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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22
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Rehman AU, Friedman TB, Griffith AJ. Unresolved questions regarding human hereditary deafness. Oral Dis 2017; 23:551-558. [PMID: 27259978 PMCID: PMC5136515 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Human hearing loss is a common neurosensory disorder about which many basic research and clinically relevant questions are unresolved. This review on hereditary deafness focuses on three examples considered at first glance to be uncomplicated, however, upon inspection, are enigmatic and ripe for future research efforts. The three examples of clinical and genetic complexities are drawn from studies of (i) Pendred syndrome/DFNB4 (PDS, OMIM 274600), (ii) Perrault syndrome (deafness and infertility) due to mutations of CLPP (PRTLS3, OMIM 614129), and (iii) the unexplained extensive clinical variability associated with TBC1D24 mutations. At present, it is unknown how different mutations of TBC1D24 cause non-syndromic deafness (DFNB86, OMIM 614617), epilepsy (OMIM 605021), epilepsy with deafness, or DOORS syndrome (OMIM 220500) that is characterized by deafness, onychodystrophy (alteration of toenail or fingernail morphology), osteodystrophy (defective development of bone), mental retardation, and seizures. A comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted roles of each gene associated with human deafness is expected to provide future opportunities for restoration as well as preservation of normal hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A U Rehman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T B Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A J Griffith
- Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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23
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Khan NE, Bauer AJ, Schultz KAP, Doros L, Decastro RM, Ling A, Lodish MB, Harney LA, Kase RG, Carr AG, Rossi CT, Field A, Harris AK, Williams GM, Dehner LP, Messinger YH, Hill DA, Stewart DR. Quantification of Thyroid Cancer and Multinodular Goiter Risk in the DICER1 Syndrome: A Family-Based Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:1614-1622. [PMID: 28323992 PMCID: PMC5443331 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The risk of thyroid cancer and multinodular goiter (MNG) in DICER1 syndrome, a rare tumor-predisposition disorder, is unknown. OBJECTIVE To quantify the risk of thyroid cancer and MNG in individuals with DICER1 syndrome. DESIGN Family-based cohort study. SETTING National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center (CC). PARTICIPANTS The National Cancer Institute DICER1 syndrome cohort included 145 individuals with a DICER1 germline mutation and 135 family controls from 48 families. INTERVENTIONS Each individual completed a detailed medical history questionnaire. A subset underwent a 3-day evaluation at the NIH CC. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The cumulative incidence of MNG (or thyroidectomy) was quantified using the complement of the Kaplan-Meier product limit estimator. We compared the observed number of thyroid cancers in the NCI DICER1 cohort with matched data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. We performed germline and somatic (thyroid cancer, MNG) DICER1 sequencing. RESULTS By the age of 40 years, the cumulative incidence of MNG or thyroidectomy was 75% in women and 17% in men with DICER1 syndrome compared with 8% of control women (P < 0.001) and 0% of control men (P = 0.0096). During 3937 person-years of observation, individuals with DICER1 syndrome had a 16-fold increased risk of thyroid cancer (95% confidence interval, 4.3 to 41; P < 0.05) compared with the SEER rates. Of 19 MNG nodules and 3 thyroid cancers, 16 (84%) and 3 (100%), respectively, harbored germline and somatic pathogenic DICER1 mutations. CONCLUSIONS We propose a model of thyroid carcinogenesis in DICER1 syndrome. Early-onset, familial, or male MNG should prompt consideration of the presence of DICER1 syndrome.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/epidemiology
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/surgery
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Carcinoma/epidemiology
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/surgery
- Carcinoma, Papillary
- Case-Control Studies
- Cohort Studies
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics
- Family
- Female
- Germ-Line Mutation
- Goiter, Nodular/diagnostic imaging
- Goiter, Nodular/epidemiology
- Goiter, Nodular/genetics
- Goiter, Nodular/surgery
- Humans
- Incidence
- Male
- Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/genetics
- Prevalence
- Ribonuclease III/genetics
- Risk
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary
- Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery
- Thyroidectomy/statistics & numerical data
- Ultrasonography
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. Khan
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Andrew J. Bauer
- The Thyroid Center, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Kris Ann P. Schultz
- Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404
- International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404
| | - Leslie Doros
- Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Rosamma M. Decastro
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Alexander Ling
- Radiology & Imaging Sciences Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Maya B. Lodish
- Section of Endocrinology and Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | | | | | | | - Christopher T. Rossi
- Division of Pathology and Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037
| | - Amanda Field
- Division of Pathology and Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037
| | - Anne K. Harris
- Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404
- International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404
| | - Gretchen M. Williams
- Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404
| | - Louis P. Dehner
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Yoav H. Messinger
- Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404
| | - D. Ashley Hill
- Division of Pathology and Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037
| | - Douglas R. Stewart
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850
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Abstract
Pendred syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder that is classically defined by the combination of sensorineural deafness/hearing impairment, goiter, and an abnormal organification of iodide with or without hypothyroidism. The hallmark of the syndrome is the impaired hearing, which is associated with inner ear malformations such as an enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA). The thyroid phenotype is variable and may be modified by the nutritional iodine intake. Pendred syndrome is caused by biallelic mutations in the SLC26A4/PDS gene, which encodes the multifunctional anion exchanger pendrin. Pendrin has affinity for chloride, iodide, and bicarbonate, among other anions. In the inner ear, pendrin functions as a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger that is essential for maintaining the composition and the potential of the endolymph. In the thyroid, pendrin is expressed at the apical membrane of thyroid cells facing the follicular lumen. Functional studies have demonstrated that pendrin can mediate iodide efflux in heterologous cells. This, together with the thyroid phenotype observed in humans (goiter, impaired iodine organification) suggests that pendrin could be involved in iodide efflux into the lumen, one of the steps required for thyroid hormone synthesis. Iodide efflux can, however, also occur in the absence of pendrin suggesting that other exchangers or channels are involved. It has been suggested that Anoctamin 1 (ANO1/TMEM16A), a calcium-activated anion channel, which is also expressed at the apical membrane of thyrocytes, could participate in mediating apical efflux. In the kidney, pendrin is involved in bicarbonate secretion and chloride reabsorption. While there is no renal phenotype under basal conditions, severe metabolic alkalosis has been reported in Pendred syndrome patients exposed to an increased alkali load. This review provides an overview on the clinical spectrum of Pendred syndrome, the functional data on pendrin with a focus on its potential role in the thyroid, as well as the controversy surrounding the relative physiological roles of pendrin and anoctamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Wémeau
- Université de Lille 2, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Clinique Endocrinologique Marc-Linquette, 59037 Lille, France.
| | - Peter Kopp
- Northwestern University, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Tarry 15, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Chow YP, Abdul Murad NA, Mohd Rani Z, Khoo JS, Chong PS, Wu LL, Jamal R. Exome sequencing identifies SLC26A4, GJB2, SCARB2 and DUOX2 mutations in 2 siblings with Pendred syndrome in a Malaysian family. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:40. [PMID: 28222800 PMCID: PMC5320863 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pendred syndrome (PDS, MIM #274600) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing loss and goiter. In this study, we describing the possible PDS causal mutations in a Malaysian family with 2 daughters diagnosed with bilateral hearing loss and hypothyroidism. METHODS AND RESULTS Whole exome sequencing was performed on 2 sisters with PDS and their unaffected parents. Our results showed that both sisters inherited monoallelic mutations in the 2 known PDS genes, SLC26A4 (ENST00000265715:c.1343C > T, p.Ser448Leu) and GJB2 (ENST00000382844:c.368C > A, p.Thr123Asn) from their father, as well as another deafness-related gene, SCARB2 (ENST00000264896:c.914C > T, p.Thr305Met) from their mother. We postulated that these three heterozygous mutations in combination may be causative to deafness, and warrants further investigation. Furthermore, we also identified a compound heterozygosity involving the DUOX2 gene (ENST00000603300:c.1588A > T:p.Lys530* and c.3329G > A:p.Arg1110Gln) in both sisters which are inherited from both parents and may be correlated with early onset of goiter. All the candidate mutations were predicted deleterious by in silico tools. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we proposed that PDS in this family could be a polygenic disorder which possibly arises from a combination of heterozygous mutations in SLC26A4, GJB2 and SCARB2 which associated with deafness, as well as compound heterozygous DUOX2 mutations which associated with thyroid dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yock-Ping Chow
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Chancellor Tuanku Muhriz Hospital, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azian Abdul Murad
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Chancellor Tuanku Muhriz Hospital, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zamzureena Mohd Rani
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Chancellor Tuanku Muhriz Hospital, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jia-Shiun Khoo
- Codon Genomics S/B, No 26, Jalan Dutamas 7, Taman Dutamas, Balakong, 43200 Seri Kembangan, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Pei-Sin Chong
- Codon Genomics S/B, No 26, Jalan Dutamas 7, Taman Dutamas, Balakong, 43200 Seri Kembangan, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Loo-Ling Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chancellor Tuanku Muhriz Hospital, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Chancellor Tuanku Muhriz Hospital, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Pediatrics, Chancellor Tuanku Muhriz Hospital, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Sheremet MI, Sydorchuk LP, Shidlovskyi VO, Sydorchuk RI, Shidlovskyi OV, Maksymyuk VV, Bezruk VV, Tkachuk NP, Batig VM, Mytchenok OV, Bezruk TO, Chympoi KA. Association of the blood serum cytokines' rate and lymphocytes' apoptosis with polymorphic variants of the BCL-2 (rs17759659), CTLA-4 (rs231775) and APO-1÷FAS (rs2234767) genes in patients with nodular goiters in autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid adenoma. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2017; 58:931-939. [PMID: 29250672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The paper analyses results of serum cytokines and lymphocyte apoptosis study in patients with nodular goiter against the background of autoimmune thyroiditis (NGAIT) and thyroid adenoma (TA) based on the cell preparedness to apoptosis (content of lymphocytes carrying apoptosis marker - CD95+-receptor), the number of apoptotic lymphocytes (annexin V+-lymphocytes) and the content of proapoptotic tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, as well as anti-inflammatory IL-4 cytokine in serum, considering the polymorphism of BCL-2 (rs17759659), CTLA-4 (rs231775) and APO-1÷FAS (rs2234767) genes. The results show that under the damaging action of peroxidation products in the thyroid structures, activation of Fas- and caspase-dependent mechanisms of influence on pro- and anti-apoptotic targets, the induced hyperproduction and release of TNF-α from thyroid-stimulated lymphocytes stimulate an additional synthesis of other pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, as well as compensatory anti-inflammatory proteins including IL-4. There is a synchronized increase in secretion of the soluble form of TNF-α receptor (sTNFR), which prevents binding the corresponding cytokine to a specific membranous shedding of a number of receptors and separates the apoptotic signals. The above-mentioned changes associate with the polymorphic variants of BCL-2 (rs17759659), CTLA-4 (rs231775) genes and only for some figures, they are almost three times weaker with FAS (rs2234767).
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Mironovich OL, Bliznetz EA, Markova TG, Geptner EN, Lalayants MR, Zelikovich EI, Tavartkiladze GA, Polyakov AV. [Results of molecular genetic testing in Russian patients with Pendred syndrome and allelic disorders]. Genetika 2017; 53:88-99. [PMID: 29372807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pendred syndrome is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by a combination of sensorineural hearing impairment and euthyroid goiter; its clinical manifestation in children is hardly distinguishable from nonsyndromic hearing loss. Pendred syndrome is one of the most frequent types of syndromic hearing loss. Hearing impairment is accompanied by abnormal development of the bony labyrinth—enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) and occasionally combined with Mondini dysplasia. Mutations in the SLC26A4 gene, which encodes the pendrin protein, are responsible for both Pendred syndrome and for allelic disorder (nonsyndromic enlarged vestibular aqueduct). The present study for the first time conducted molecular genetic analysis in 20 Russian patients with Pendred syndrome, EVA and/or Mondini dysplasia. As a result, six pathogenic mutations in the SLC26A4 gene were revealed in four patients. The mutation c.222G>T (p.Trp74Cys) was detected for the first time. Mutations were found in patients with Pendred syndrome and nonsyndromic EVA with or without Mondini dysplasia. Mutations were not detected in patients with isolated Mondini dysplasia. One proband with clinical diagnosis Pendred syndrome was homozygous for the c.35delG mutation in the GJB2 gene. The absence of frequent mutations, including well-known ones or “hot” exons in the SLC26A4 gene, was reported. Therefore, the optimal method to search for mutations in the SLC26A4 gene in Russian patients is Sanger sequencing of all exons and exon-intron boundaries in the SLC26A4 gene.
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de Kock L, Bah I, Revil T, Bérubé P, Wu MK, Sabbaghian N, Priest JR, Ragoussis J, Foulkes WD. Deep Sequencing Reveals Spatially Distributed Distinct Hot Spot Mutations in DICER1-Related Multinodular Goiter. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:3637-3645. [PMID: 27459524 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nontoxic multinodular goiter (MNG) occurs frequently, but its genetic etiology is not well established. Familial MNG and MNG occurring with ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor are associated with germline DICER1 mutations. We recently identified second somatic DICER1 ribonuclease (RNase) IIIb mutations in two MNGs. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate the occurrence of somatic DICER1 mutations and mutational clonality in MNG. PATIENTS MNGs from 15 patients (10 with and five without germline DICER1 mutations) were selected based on tissue availability. DESIGN Core biopsies/scrapings (n = 70) were obtained, sampling areas of follicular hyperplasia, hyperplasia within colloid pools, unremarkable thyroid parenchyma, and areas of thyroid parenchyma, not classified. After capture with a Fluidigm access array, the coding sequence of DICER1 was deep sequenced using DNA from each core/scraping. RESULTS All germline DICER1-mutated cases were found to harbor at least one RNase III mutation. Specifically, we identified 12 individually distinct DICER1 RNase IIIb hot spot mutations in 32 of the follicular hyperplasia or hyperplasia within colloid pools cores/scrapings. These mutations are predicted to affect the metal-ion binding residues at positions p.Glu1705, p.Asp1709, p.Gly1809, p.Asp1810, and p.Glu1813. Somatic RNase IIIb mutations were identified in the 10 DICER1 germline mutated MNGs as follows: two cases contained one somatic mutation, five cases contained two mutations, and three cases contained three distinct somatic hot spot mutations. No RNase IIIb mutations were identified in the MNGs from individuals without germline DICER1 mutations. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that nodules within MNG occurring in DICER1 syndrome are associated with spatially distributed somatic DICER1 RNase IIIb mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne de Kock
- Departments of Human Genetics (L.d.K., M.K.W., W.D.F.), Pathology (I.B.), Oncology (W.D.F.), McGill University; Department of Medical Genetics, Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital (L.d.K., M.K.W., N.S., W.D.F.); Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (L.d.K., W.D.F.); McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre (T.R., P.B., J.R.), Montréal, Québec, Canada; and (J.R.P.), Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ismaël Bah
- Departments of Human Genetics (L.d.K., M.K.W., W.D.F.), Pathology (I.B.), Oncology (W.D.F.), McGill University; Department of Medical Genetics, Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital (L.d.K., M.K.W., N.S., W.D.F.); Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (L.d.K., W.D.F.); McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre (T.R., P.B., J.R.), Montréal, Québec, Canada; and (J.R.P.), Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Timothée Revil
- Departments of Human Genetics (L.d.K., M.K.W., W.D.F.), Pathology (I.B.), Oncology (W.D.F.), McGill University; Department of Medical Genetics, Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital (L.d.K., M.K.W., N.S., W.D.F.); Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (L.d.K., W.D.F.); McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre (T.R., P.B., J.R.), Montréal, Québec, Canada; and (J.R.P.), Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Pierre Bérubé
- Departments of Human Genetics (L.d.K., M.K.W., W.D.F.), Pathology (I.B.), Oncology (W.D.F.), McGill University; Department of Medical Genetics, Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital (L.d.K., M.K.W., N.S., W.D.F.); Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (L.d.K., W.D.F.); McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre (T.R., P.B., J.R.), Montréal, Québec, Canada; and (J.R.P.), Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mona K Wu
- Departments of Human Genetics (L.d.K., M.K.W., W.D.F.), Pathology (I.B.), Oncology (W.D.F.), McGill University; Department of Medical Genetics, Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital (L.d.K., M.K.W., N.S., W.D.F.); Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (L.d.K., W.D.F.); McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre (T.R., P.B., J.R.), Montréal, Québec, Canada; and (J.R.P.), Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nelly Sabbaghian
- Departments of Human Genetics (L.d.K., M.K.W., W.D.F.), Pathology (I.B.), Oncology (W.D.F.), McGill University; Department of Medical Genetics, Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital (L.d.K., M.K.W., N.S., W.D.F.); Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (L.d.K., W.D.F.); McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre (T.R., P.B., J.R.), Montréal, Québec, Canada; and (J.R.P.), Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - John R Priest
- Departments of Human Genetics (L.d.K., M.K.W., W.D.F.), Pathology (I.B.), Oncology (W.D.F.), McGill University; Department of Medical Genetics, Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital (L.d.K., M.K.W., N.S., W.D.F.); Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (L.d.K., W.D.F.); McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre (T.R., P.B., J.R.), Montréal, Québec, Canada; and (J.R.P.), Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- Departments of Human Genetics (L.d.K., M.K.W., W.D.F.), Pathology (I.B.), Oncology (W.D.F.), McGill University; Department of Medical Genetics, Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital (L.d.K., M.K.W., N.S., W.D.F.); Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (L.d.K., W.D.F.); McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre (T.R., P.B., J.R.), Montréal, Québec, Canada; and (J.R.P.), Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - William D Foulkes
- Departments of Human Genetics (L.d.K., M.K.W., W.D.F.), Pathology (I.B.), Oncology (W.D.F.), McGill University; Department of Medical Genetics, Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital (L.d.K., M.K.W., N.S., W.D.F.); Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (L.d.K., W.D.F.); McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre (T.R., P.B., J.R.), Montréal, Québec, Canada; and (J.R.P.), Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Guda BB, Pushkarev VV, Zhuravel OV, Kovalenko AY, Pushkarev VM, Taraschenko YM, Tronko MD. Protein kinase Akt activity in human thyroid tumors. Ukr Biochem J 2016; 88:90-5. [PMID: 29235817 DOI: 10.15407/ubj88.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the expression and activation of the main effector protein kinase of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase cascade (PI3K) – Akt in conventionally normal tissues, benign and highly differentiated (with and without metastases) human thyroid tumors. There was a difference in the Akt1 amount in tumor tissue compared with normal tissue in papillary carcinomas and tissue of multinodular goiter. Akt expression both in tumor and conventionally normal tissues of follicular adenoma was significantly lower than in follicular carcinoma. The lowest level of Akt expression was observed in tissues of multinodular goiter. Total activity of all three isoforms of Akt1/2/3 was lower in tumors compared to conventionally normal tissue. Thus, Akt activity (according to Thr308 phosphorylation) is not associated with proliferative processes in the tumor tissue of the thyroid. Apoptosis level detected in these tissues was not associated with the protein kinase activity either. Possible mechanisms of signaling cascade PI3K/Akt inhibition in thyroid tumors are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/enzymology
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/surgery
- Adenoma/enzymology
- Adenoma/genetics
- Adenoma/pathology
- Adenoma/surgery
- Apoptosis
- Carcinoma, Papillary/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/surgery
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Goiter, Nodular/enzymology
- Goiter, Nodular/genetics
- Goiter, Nodular/pathology
- Goiter, Nodular/surgery
- Humans
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1/genetics
- Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Thyroid Gland/enzymology
- Thyroid Gland/pathology
- Thyroid Gland/surgery
- Thyroid Neoplasms/enzymology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery
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Handra-Luca A. Expression patterns of cytokeratin 5/6 and p63 in thyroid sporadic nodular goiter. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2016; 41:140-142. [PMID: 26878564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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31
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Wemeau JL, Vincent C, Dubrulle F, Ladsous M. [Pendred syndrome and nonsyndromic related deafness: a same entity?]. Bull Acad Natl Med 2015; 199:601-616. [PMID: 27509681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pendred syndrome is an autosomal recessive familial disorder, defined as a sensorineural deafness coinciding with a goiter related to an iodine organification defect. It constitutes 4 to 10 % of all causes of familial congenital hearing loss. It is now well established that this condition was caused by mutations in the SLC26A4 gene which codes for pendrin, a protein involved in the transport of anions (I-, Cl, HCO3-), particularly in apical iodine efflux in thyroid cells and chloride (Cl-|HCO3-) at the cochlear level. A current issue is to determine factors that distinguish Pendred syndrome from other varieties of isolated deafness also including enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct, but without evidence of thyroid expression. A prospective investigation of these 2 situations, conducted in Lille, leads us to redefine diagnostic criteria and assessment methods, and to discuss genetic or environmental factors contributing to the phenotypes.
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Soh LM, Druce M, Grossman AB, Differ AM, Rajput L, Bitner-Glindzicz M, Korbonits M. Evaluation of genotype-phenotype relationships in patients referred for endocrine assessment in suspected Pendred syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 172:217-26. [PMID: 25394566 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
DESIGN Patients with Pendred syndrome have genotypic and phenotypic variability, leading to challenges in definitive diagnosis. Deaf children with enlarged vestibular aqueducts are often subjected to repeated investigations when tests for mutations in SLC26A4 are abnormal. This study provides genotype and phenotype information from patients with suspected Pendred syndrome referred to a single clinical endocrinology unit. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 50 patients with suspected Pendred syndrome to investigate the correlation between genetic, perchlorate discharge test (PDT) and endocrine status. RESULTS Eight patients with monoallelic SLC26A4 mutations had normal PDT. Of the 33 patients with biallelic mutations, ten of 12 patients with >30% discharge developed hypothyroidism. In our cohort, c.626G>T and c.3-2A>G result in milder clinical presentations with lower median perchlorate discharge of 9.3% (interquartile range 4-15%) compared with 40% (interquartile range 21-60%) for the remaining mutations. Eight novel mutations were detected. All patients with PDT <30% remained euthyroid to date, although the majority are still under the age of 30. There was a significant correlation between PDT and goitre size (R=0.61, P=0.0009) and the age of onset of hypothyroidism (R=-0.62, P=0.0297). In our population, the hazard of becoming hypothyroid increased by 7% per percentage point increase in PDT (P<0.001). CONCLUSION There is a correlation between SLC26A4 genotype and thyroid phenotype. If results hold true for larger patient numbers and longer follow-up, then for patients with monoallelic mutations, PDT could be unnecessary. Patients with biallelic mutations and PDT discharge >30% have a high risk of developing goitre and hypothyroidism, and should have lifelong monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lip Min Soh
- Department of EndocrinologyBarts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UKOxford Centre for DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKNorth East Thames Regional Genetics Service LaboratoryDepartment of Audiovestibular MedicineGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKClinical and Molecular Genetics UnitUCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UKClinical Genetics UnitGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Maralyn Druce
- Department of EndocrinologyBarts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UKOxford Centre for DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKNorth East Thames Regional Genetics Service LaboratoryDepartment of Audiovestibular MedicineGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKClinical and Molecular Genetics UnitUCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UKClinical Genetics UnitGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Ashley B Grossman
- Department of EndocrinologyBarts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UKOxford Centre for DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKNorth East Thames Regional Genetics Service LaboratoryDepartment of Audiovestibular MedicineGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKClinical and Molecular Genetics UnitUCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UKClinical Genetics UnitGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK Department of EndocrinologyBarts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UKOxford Centre for DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKNorth East Thames Regional Genetics Service LaboratoryDepartment of Audiovestibular MedicineGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKClinical and Molecular Genetics UnitUCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UKClinical Genetics UnitGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Ann-Marie Differ
- Department of EndocrinologyBarts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UKOxford Centre for DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKNorth East Thames Regional Genetics Service LaboratoryDepartment of Audiovestibular MedicineGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKClinical and Molecular Genetics UnitUCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UKClinical Genetics UnitGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Liala Rajput
- Department of EndocrinologyBarts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UKOxford Centre for DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKNorth East Thames Regional Genetics Service LaboratoryDepartment of Audiovestibular MedicineGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKClinical and Molecular Genetics UnitUCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UKClinical Genetics UnitGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Maria Bitner-Glindzicz
- Department of EndocrinologyBarts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UKOxford Centre for DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKNorth East Thames Regional Genetics Service LaboratoryDepartment of Audiovestibular MedicineGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKClinical and Molecular Genetics UnitUCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UKClinical Genetics UnitGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK Department of EndocrinologyBarts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UKOxford Centre for DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKNorth East Thames Regional Genetics Service LaboratoryDepartment of Audiovestibular MedicineGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKClinical and Molecular Genetics UnitUCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UKClinical Genetics UnitGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Department of EndocrinologyBarts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UKOxford Centre for DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKNorth East Thames Regional Genetics Service LaboratoryDepartment of Audiovestibular MedicineGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKClinical and Molecular Genetics UnitUCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UKClinical Genetics UnitGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
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Cantara S, Pilli T, Sebastiani G, Cevenini G, Busonero G, Cardinale S, Dotta F, Pacini F. Circulating miRNA95 and miRNA190 are sensitive markers for the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules in a Caucasian population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:4190-8. [PMID: 25057879 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT MicroRNA (miRNAs) are nonprotein-encoding RNAs that regulate gene expression and enable the distinction of benign from malignant tissues in human cancers. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of miRNA circulating in the blood for the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. SETTING AND DESIGN miRNA profiling was assessed by TaqMan Array Human MicroRNA A Cards v2.0 in pooled sera from 12 healthy subjects (HS), 12 nodular goiters (NG), and 12 patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) (cohort 1). From this analysis, we selected eight miRNAs that were validated in individual samples (same of cohort 1) by qRT-PCR. Four miRNAs were confirmed differentially expressed in PTC and were analyzed in a larger second cohort. RESULTS The profiling analysis revealed eight miRNAs (miRNA579, -95, -29b, 5-01-3p, -548d-5p down-regulated, and miR190, -362-3p, -518a-5p up-regulated) which differ in PTC compared with NG and HS. After the validation in individual samples, we confirmed as differentially expressed miRNA579, -95, -29b, and miRNA190. These miRNAs were further validated in a second cohort of sera from 79 PTC, 80 NG, and 41 HS. MiRNA95 had a sensitivity of 94.9%, which reached 100% in a multivariate risk model combined with miRNA190. We developed a mathematical formula that calculates the probability of malignancy with a cut-off value of 0.5 above which the patient was at high risk of malignancy. CONCLUSIONS We have identified for the first time two miRNAs differently expressed in serum of PTC patients who in combination allow the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules with great accuracy in our study population. Additional studies are required; however, to define whether these results will also be generalized across other patient populations."
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cantara
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (S.Can., T.P., G.S., G.B., S.Car., F.D., F.P.), University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS (G.S., F.D.), Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy; and Department of Medical Biotechnologies (G.C.), University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Jaeschke H, Schaarschmidt J, Eszlinger M, Huth S, Puttinger R, Rittinger O, Meiler J, Paschke R. A newly discovered TSHR variant (L665F) associated with nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism in an Austrian family induces constitutive TSHR activation by steric repulsion between TM1 and TM7. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E2051-9. [PMID: 24947036 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE New in vivo mutations in G protein-coupled receptors open opportunities for insights into the mechanism of receptor activation. Here we describe the molecular mechanism of constitutive TSH receptor (TSHR) activation in an Austrian family with three generations of familial nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism. PATIENTS The index patient was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism during her first pregnancy. Her first two children were diagnosed with hyperthyroidism at the age of 11 and 10 years, respectively. TSH suppression was also observed in the third child at the age of 8 years, who has normal free T4 levels until now. TSH suppression in infancy was observed in the fourth child. The mother of the index patient was diagnosed with toxic multinodular goiter at the age of 36 years. METHODS DNA was extracted from blood samples from the index patient, her mother, and her four children. Screening for TSHR mutations was performed by high-resolution melting assays and subsequent sequencing. Elucidation of the underlying mechanism of TSHR activation was carried out by generation and structural analysis of TSHR transmembrane homology models and verification of model predictions by functional characterization of receptor mutations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS A newly discovered TSHR mutation L665F in transmembrane helix 7 of the receptor was detected in six members of this family. Functional characterization of L665F revealed constitutive activation for the Gs pathway and thus represents the molecular cause for hyperthyroidism in this family. The constitutive activation is possibly linked to a steric clash introduced by the L665F mutation between transmembrane helices 1 and 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Jaeschke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, and Nephrology (H.J., J.S., M.E., S.H., R.Pa.), University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (R.Pu., O.R.), University Hospital Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; and Center for Structural Biology (J.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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Peng Y, Li C, Luo DC, Ding JW, Zhang W, Pan G. Expression profile and clinical significance of microRNAs in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Molecules 2014; 19:11586-99. [PMID: 25100252 PMCID: PMC6271659 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190811586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study screened microRNAs (miRNAs) that are abnormally expressed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tissues to identify PTC and nodular goiter and the degree of PTC malignancy. A total of 51 thyroid tumor tissue specimens paired with adjacent normal thyroid tissues were obtained from the Department of Surgical Oncology of Hangzhou First People’s Hospital from June-December 2011. miRNA expression profiles were examined by microarrays and validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Expression levels of the miRNAs were analyzed to assess if they were associated with selected clinicopathological features. Eleven miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between nodular goiter and PTC and between highly invasive and low invasive PTC. miR-199b-5p and miR-30a-3p were significantly differentially expressed among the three groups. miR-30a-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-146b-5p and miR-199b-5p were selected for further study by qRT-PCR and miR-146b-5p, miR-199b-5p and miR-30a-3p were different between the PTC and nodular goiter groups. miR-199b-5p was over-expressed in PTC patients with extrathyroidal invasion and cervical lymph node metastasis. In conclusion miR-146b-5p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-199b-5p may serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of PTC and miR-199b-5p is associated with PTC invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Peng
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Chen Li
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Second People's Hospital, Wuxi 214000, China.
| | - Ding-Cun Luo
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Wushan District of Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310002, China.
| | - Jin-Wang Ding
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Wo Zhang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Gang Pan
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Abstract
Genetic and a large number of environmental non-iodine-related factors play a role in the cause of nodular goitre. Most evidence for the influence of genetic and environmental factors in the cause of goitre is from cross-sectional, population-based studies. Only a few studies have included prospective data on risk factors for nodular goitre, although few prospective data are available on the effect of iodine and tobacco smoking on goitre development. Goitre is not one single phenotype. Many epidemiological studies do not distinguish diffuse from nodular goitre, as the investigated parameter is often thyroid volume or frequency with increased thyroid volume. Moreover, information on the presence and effect of gene-environment, gene-gene, and environment-environment effect modifications is limited. Thus, firm conclusions about the relative contributions and causality of the investigated risk factors should be made with caution. Smoking seems to be an established risk factor for nodular goitre, possibly with effect modification from iodine intake, as the risk associated with smoking is smaller or absent in areas with sufficient iodine intake. The use of oral contraceptives might have protective effects against goitre, and childbirth is an increased risk factor for goitre in areas with non-optimal iodine intake. Insulin resistance is a recently investigated risk factor, and the risk of goitre may be reversible with metformin treatment. Iodine remains the major environmental risk factor for nodular goitre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Knudsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Heiberg Brix
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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37
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Abstract
Routine morphologic cytology is the basis for any kind of (integrated) molecular FNA diagnostics. The rule out (gene expression classifier) approach requires confirmation by independent studies, whereas the rule in approach (detection of BRAF, NRAS, HRAS, and KRAS and PAX8/PPARG- and RET/PTC rearrangements) has been investigated by several groups with overall reproducible results. Moreover, molecular screening for point mutations and rearrangements is feasible in routine air-dried FNA smears, offering several advantages over obtaining additional fresh FNA material. The current panel of somatic mutations (rule in approach) for indeterminate FNAs clarifies only a subgroup of indeterminate FNAs. Therefore, further markers are urgently needed that can reliably identify the malignant, but mutation negative and especially the many benign nodules, among the indeterminate FNAs. miRNA markers and the targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) technology do have the potential to identify those nodules that are mutation negative by current approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Eszlinger
- Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 21, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - László Hegedüs
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Ralf Paschke
- Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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38
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Rath SR, Bartley A, Charles A, Powers N, Baynam G, Jones T, Priest JR, Foulkes WD, Choong CSY. Multinodular Goiter in children: an important pointer to a germline DICER1 mutation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:1947-8. [PMID: 24628552 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana R Rath
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (S.R.R., T.J., C.S.Y.C.), Princess Margaret Hospital for Children; School of Pediatrics and Child Health (S.R.R., G.B., T.J., C.S.Y.C.), University of Western Australia; Departments of Pathology (A.C.), and Diagnostic Imaging (A.B., N.P.), Princess Margaret Hospital for Children; Genetic Services of Western Australia (G.B.), Princess Margaret and King Edward Memorial Hospitals; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases (G.B.), Murdoch University; Telethon Institute for Child Health Research (T.J.), Perth, WA 6008, Australia; (J.R.P.), Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Program in Cancer Genetics, Department of Oncology and Human Genetics (W.D.F.), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear receptors (NRs) play a key role in endocrine signaling and metabolism and are important therapeutic targets in a number of hormone-dependent malignancies. Studies on the role of NRs in thyroid cancer are limited. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine systematically the expression of the 48 human NRs in a series of benign and malignant thyroid tissues. Within the papillary carcinoma cohort, we sought to determine if NR expression differed significantly by BRAF mutation status. PATIENTS AND METHODS RNA was isolated from multinodular goiter (MNG; n=6), papillary carcinoma (PTC, n=14), follicular carcinoma (FC; n=5), and Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC; n=7). The 48 human NRs were profiled in this panel by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression for selected NRs (Rev-erbα and LXR-β) was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarrays comprising benign and malignant thyroid tissues. RESULTS Across all groups of benign and malignant thyroid tissue, there was prominent expression of LXR-β and ROR-γ. Key findings in PTC were marked overexpression of RXR-γ and Rev-erbα compared to MNG. Within the PTC cohort, when BRAF(V600E) tumors were compared with wild type BRAF, there was relative upregulation of RXR-γ and Rev-erbα and downregulation of AR, ERR-γ, and ROR-γ. In FC, EAR-2 was overexpressed, while PPAR-α and PPAR-δ were underexpressed compared to MNG. The NR expression profile of HCC was distinct, characterized by significant downregulation of a wide range of NRs. IHC for Rev-erbα and LXR-β localized protein expression to the tumor cells. Moderate to strong Rev-erbα immunostaining was seen in 22 out of 23 PTC, and, overall, staining was stronger than in the benign group. CONCLUSIONS These results represent the first systematic examination of NR expression in thyroid cancer. Our finding of tumor-specific patterns of NR expression, as well as significant differences in NR expression between BRAF(V600E) and wild type BRAF PTC, provides a basis for further mechanistic studies and highlights potential novel therapeutic targets for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mond
- 1 Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, Australia
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Ladsous M, Vlaeminck-Guillem V, Dumur V, Vincent C, Dubrulle F, Dhaenens CM, Wémeau JL. Analysis of the thyroid phenotype in 42 patients with Pendred syndrome and nonsyndromic enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct. Thyroid 2014; 24:639-48. [PMID: 24224479 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2013.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pendred syndrome (PS), a recessive disorder caused by mutations in the SLC26A4 (PDS) gene, is associated with deafness and goiter. SLC26A4 mutations have also been identified in patients exhibiting isolated sensorineural hearing loss without apparent thyroid abnormality (nonsyndromic enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct; nonsyndromic EVA). Our aim was to describe systematically the thyroidal phenotypes and the SLC26A4 genotypes of patients presenting with PS or nonsyndromic EVA. METHODS Nineteen patients with PS and 23 patients with nonsyndromic EVA, aged 5-53 years, were included. They underwent thyroid evaluation (physical examination, biological thyroid function tests, measurement of thyroglobulin level, thyroid ultrasonography, and thyroid (123)I scintigraphy with perchlorate discharge test), otological evaluation, and SLC26A4 mutation screening. RESULTS In 19 patients with PS, goiter was identified in 15 (79%) and hypothyroidism in 15 (79%); hypothyroidism was subclinical in four patients and congenital in six patients. The perchlorate discharge test (PDT) was positive in 10/16 (63%). Morphological evaluation of the inner ear using MRI and/or CT showed bilateral EVA in 15/15 PS patients. Mutation screening revealed two SLC26A4 mutant alleles in all 19 PS patients that were homozygous in two families and compound heterozygous in 12 families. In the 23 patients with nonsyndromic EVA, systematic thyroid evaluation found no abnormalities except for slightly increased thyroglobulin levels in two patients. SLC26A4 mutations were identified in 9/23 (39%). Mutations were biallelic in two (compound heterozygous) and monoallelic in seven patients. CONCLUSION The thyroid phenotype is widely variable in PS. SLC26A4 mutation screening is needed in patients exhibiting PS or nonsyndromic EVA. PS is associated with biallelic SLC26A4 mutations and nonsyndromic EVA with no, monoallelic, or biallelic SLC26A4 mutations. Systematic thyroid evaluation is recommended in patients with nonsyndromic EVA associated with one or two SLC26A4 mutations. We propose using a combination of three parameters to define and diagnose PS: (i) sensorineural deafness with bilateral EVA; (ii) thyroid abnormality comprising goiter and/or hypothyroidism and/or a positive PDT; (iii) biallelic SLC26A4 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ladsous
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, Regional University Hospital Center (CHRU) of Lille, Lille, France
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Matsunaga T, Fujioka M, Hosoya M. [Current status and perspectives of the research in Pendred syndrome]. Nihon Rinsho 2013; 71:2215-2222. [PMID: 24437281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pendred syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, goiter, and a partial defect in iodide organification, and is the most common syndromic hearing loss. Hearing loss is congenital in most cases and is accompanied by an enlarged vestibular aqueduct and a Mondini cochlea. Pendred syndrome and autosomal recessive deafness-4 (DFNB4) with enlarged vestibular aqueduct comprise a phenotypic spectrum caused by mutations in SLC26A4. Recently, mutations in FOXI1 and KCNJ10 have also been identified in DFNB4. Molecular mechanism of hearing loss and goiter remains to be elucidated, and therapies which can reverse or prevent the progression of the symptoms are not available. Here, we describe advances in the basic, clinical, and translational studies on Pendred syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Matsunaga
- Department of Otolaryngology/Laboratory of Auditory Disorders, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Tokyo Medical Center
| | | | - Makoto Hosoya
- Department of Otolaryngology/Laboratory of Auditory Disorders, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Tokyo Medical Center
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Schulten HJ, Salama S, Al-Ahmadi A, Al-Mansouri Z, Mirza Z, Al-Ghamdi K, Al-Hamour OA, Huwait E, Gari M, Al-Qahtani MH, Al-Maghrabi J. Comprehensive survey of HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS mutations in proliferative thyroid lesions from an ethnically diverse population. Anticancer Res 2013; 33:4779-4784. [PMID: 24222113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distribution and kind of rat sarcoma viral oncogenes homolog (RAS) mutations, as well as their clinical impact on different types of thyroid lesions, vary widely among the different populations studied. We performed a comprehensive mutational survey in the highly related RAS genes HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS in a case series of proliferative thyroid lesions with known BRAF mutational status, originating from an ethnically diverse group. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mutational hotspot regions encompassing codons 12, 13, and 61 of the RAS genes were directly sequenced in 381 cases of thyroid lesions. In addition, the putative NRAS hotspot region encompassing codon 97 was sequenced in 36 thyroid lesions. The case series included lesions of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), nodular goiters, hyperplastic nodules, follicular adenomas (FAs), Hurthle cell variants of FA, papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), follicular variants of PTC (FVPTCs), microcarcinomas of PTC (micro PTCs; tumor size ≤1 cm), follicular TCs (FTCs), Hurthle cell variants of FTC, and non-well-differentiated TCs (NWDTCs). RESULTS We identified RAS mutations in 16 out of 57 (28.1%) FAs, 2 out of 8 (25%) NWDTCs, 8 out of 42 (19.0%) FVPTCs, 2 out of 10 (20.0%) FTCs, 1 out of 12 (8.3%) Hurthle cell variants of FA, 3 out of 46 (6.5%) goiters, 1 out of 18 (5.6%) hyperplastic nodules, 3 out of 56 (5.4%) micro PTCs, 2 out of 115 (1.7%) PTCs, 0 out of 7 (0%) Hurthle cell variants of FTC, and 0 out of 10 (0%) HT lesions. NRAS codon 61 mutation was the predominant form, followed by HRAS codon 61 mutation. Only three mutations affected RAS codons 12 and 13, two of which were identified in goiters. No codon 97 mutation was detected in the examined FVPTCs. An as yet undescribed deletion of KRAS codon 59 was identified in one FA. DISCUSSION RAS mutations in our case series were commonly associated with follicular-patterned thyroid lesions. Our data suggest that FAs with a RAS mutation may constitute precursor lesions for TC with follicular histology. The newly-discovered KRAS codon 59 deletion is one of the first reported codon deletions in a RAS hotspot region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Juergen Schulten
- King Abdulaziz University, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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43
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Huang CJ, Lei TH, Chang WL, Tu TY, Shiao AS, Chiu CY, Jap TS. A Novel mutation in the SLC26A4 gene in a Chinese family with Pendred syndrome. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 77:1495-9. [PMID: 23838540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mutations in the SLC26A4 gene in a Chinese patient with Pendred syndrome. METHODS The diagnosis of Pendred syndrome was confirmed by the family history, pure tone audiogram, perchlorate discharge test (PDT), and computed tomography (CT) of the temporal bone. DNA extraction, PCR and DNA sequencing were performed according to standard procedures. Mutations in the SLC26A4 gene were compared with 100 unrelated subjects to exclude common polymorphism. Splice-site mutation was further confirmed by restriction enzyme length polymorphism (RFLP) with the specifically designed primers. RESULTS The proband presented with typical features of bilateral sensorineural deafness since childhood and goiter development in the early adulthood. Thyroid studies disclosed euthyroidism with elevated thyroglobulin, but negative for PDT. Marked enlargement of bilateral vestibular aqueduct (>1.5 mm) was found by CT of the temporal bone. A novel SLC26A4 splice-site mutation c.1263+1G>A (IVS10+1G>A) was identified in compound heterozygosity with the missense mutation c.1079C>T (p.A360V) in the proband. Both mutations were not found in the 100 unrelated Chinese. CONCLUSIONS Our results support previous findings that Pendred syndrome can be caused by compound heterozygous mutation in the SLC26A4 gene, in which IVS10+1G>A is a novel pathogenic mutation.
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MESH Headings
- Asian People/genetics
- Case-Control Studies
- China
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Goiter, Nodular/diagnosis
- Goiter, Nodular/ethnology
- Goiter, Nodular/genetics
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/ethnology
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/genetics
- Heterozygote
- Humans
- Male
- Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Mutation, Missense/genetics
- Pedigree
- Perchlorates
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Reference Values
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sulfate Transporters
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jui Huang
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
There are limitations in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules, especially follicular lesions, and their pathogenesis remains unclear. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has been implicated in tumor cell apoptosis, transformation, invasion, and metastasis; however, its role in thyroid nodules is undetermined. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between expression of IGF-1 and thyroid nodule, and evaluate the role of IGF-1 in differential diagnosis and pathogenetic function of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Sixty-two paraffin-embedded thyroid tissues from patients with thyroid nodules were selected, including 18 follicular adenomas (FA), 17 nodular goiters, 13 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), 2 follicular thyroid carcinomas, and 12 normal controls. IGF-1 and IGF-1R protein and mRNA expression was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. Grouping comparisons were employed among the above groups based on the clinical and pathological subtypes. IGF-1 and IGF-1R expression was significantly higher in FA, nodular goiters, and PTC than that in the controls (all P < 0.01). Similarly, IGF-1 mRNA expression was also significantly higher in FA (P < 0.05), nodular goiters (P < 0.01), and PTC (P < 0.01) compared with the controls. IGF-1R mRNA expression was also significantly higher in FA, nodular goiters, and PTC (all P < 0.01) compared with the controls. Compared with FA and nodular goiters, PTC showed significantly higher IGF-1 and IGF-1R protein (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively) and mRNA expression (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively). IGF-1 probably plays an important role in the genesis and development of certain solid cold thyroid nodules, including PTC, nodular goiters, and FA. Detection of IGF-1 and IGF-1R expression in thyroid tissues by IHC or qRT-PCR is hard to distinguish malignant from benign lesions.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/diagnosis
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/metabolism
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Carcinoma/diagnosis
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Papillary
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Goiter, Nodular/diagnosis
- Goiter, Nodular/genetics
- Goiter, Nodular/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary
- Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Nodule/diagnosis
- Thyroid Nodule/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jian Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710061, China
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Qing W, Fang WY, Ye L, Shen LY, Zhang XF, Fei XC, Chen X, Wang WQ, Li XY, Xiao JC, Ning G. Density of tumor-associated macrophages correlates with lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 2012; 22:905-10. [PMID: 22870901 PMCID: PMC3429273 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2011.0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have recently been recognized as being important players in the tumoriogenesis of many cancers, including advanced thyroid cancer. However, a role in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the most prevalent thyroid cancer, has not been established. We hypothesized that TAMs also facilitate tumor progression in PTC. METHODS We investigated TAMs density in both benign thyroid lesions and PTC tumors by CD68 immunostaining. CD68-positive cell density was further associated with the clinicopathological characteristics of PTC patients. Finally, TAMs were isolated from PTC tumors and phenotyped by cytokine and receptor profiling. RESULTS The overall density of TAMs was found to be significantly higher in PTC tumors, compared with thyroid goiter and follicular adenoma. The density of TAMs was positively associated with lymph node metastasis in TNM (tumor-node-metastasis) stages III/VI compared with stages I/II. No association was observed in other common tumor features, including the BRAF mutation. The isolated TAMs presented with high levels of M2-associated cytokine and receptors, making M2 the predominant TAM phenotype. CONCLUSIONS TAMs may play a functional role in the progression of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qing
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Yuan Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai E-Institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai E-Institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Yun Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai E-Institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai E-Institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Fei
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Qing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai E-Institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai E-Institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai E-Institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Endocrine & Metabolic Diseases; Institute of Health Science, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Myshunina TM, Kalinichenko OV, Tronko ND. Abnormalities of apoptosis of the thyroid gland cells from extratumoral microfollicular tissue. Exp Oncol 2012; 34:112-115. [PMID: 23013763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of existence of thyroid extratumoral normo- and microfollicular tissue in patients with thyroid carcinoma and peculiarities of apoptosis in mentioned tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using samples of normo- and microfollicular thyroid tissue it was determined the content of fragmented DNA and intensity of stimulated internucleosomal DNA fragmentation; activities of caspase-3 and cysteine lysosomal cathepsins. RESULTS It was found that normofollicular tissue is observed more often in patients with nodal euthyroid goiter but microfollicular tissue is more common for patients with carcinoma. Extratumoral microfollicular tissue was found in the thyroid of patients above 50 years old mostly, and more rarely in young ones. The fragmented DNA concentration in microfollicular tissue was lower by a factor of 3.5 and intensity of stimulated internucleosomal DNA fragmentation was also decreased. Activity both of cathepsin B in lisosomes and caspase-3 in lysates of such tissue was also decreased. CONCLUSIONS The decrease of intensity of spontaneous apoptosis and the absence of its modulation/induction following proapoptotic factors in extratumoral microfollicular thyroid tissue may be considered as a respond of the thyroid gland tissue to an existence of carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Myshunina
- State Institution VP Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of National Academy of Medical Science, Vyshgorodska str. 69, Kyiv 04114, Ukraine.
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Nadyrov E, Rozhko A, Kravtsov V, Mabuchi K, Hatch M, Nakamura N, Nikonovich S, Aleksanin S. Karyopathological traits of thyrocytes and exposure to radioiodines in Belarusian children and adolescents following the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Radiat Environ Biophys 2012; 51:187-93. [PMID: 22382464 PMCID: PMC3857023 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-012-0407-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The Belarus-American (BelAm) thyroid study cohort consists of persons who were 0-18 years of age at the time of exposure to radioactive iodine fallout from the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident and who have undergone serial thyroid screenings with referral for fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) using standardized criteria. We investigated thyrocyte nuclear abnormalities in cytological samples from FNABs in 75 BelAm subjects with single and multiple thyroid nodules and 47 nodular goiter patients from Leningrad, Russia, unexposed to Chernobyl fallout. Nuclear abnormalities examined included internuclear chromosome bridges and derivative nuclei with broken bridges (i.e., "tailed" nuclei), which are formed from dicentric and ring chromosomes and thus may be cellular markers of radiation exposure. Among subjects with single-nodular goiter, thyrocytes with bridges were present in 86.8% of the exposed BelAm cohort compared with 27.0% of unexposed controls. The average frequency of thyrocytes with bridges and with tailed nuclei was also significantly higher in the BelAm subjects than in controls. Among subjects with multinodular goiters, thyrocytes with bridges were present in 75.7% of exposed BelAm patients compared with 16.7% of unexposed controls; thyrocytes with tailed nuclei were observed in all of the BelAm subjects but in only 40% of controls, and the mean frequencies of bridges and tailed nuclei were significantly higher in the exposed group. Unusually, long bridges were detected in 29% of BelAm patients with single-nodular goiters and 35% of those with multinodular goiters, while no such abnormalities were observed among patients from the Leningrad region. In the exposed subjects from BelAm, we also found positive correlations between their estimated dose of Iodine-131 from Chernobyl fallout and the frequency of tailed nuclei (p = 0.008) and bridges (p = 0.09). Further study is needed to confirm that these phenomena represent consequences of radiation exposure in the human organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldar Nadyrov
- Republican Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology, Gomel, Belarus,
| | - Alexander Rozhko
- Republican Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology, Gomel, Belarus,
| | - Viacheslav Kravtsov
- Nikiforov Russian Centre of Emergency and Radiation Medicine, EMERCOM of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia,
| | - Kiyohiko Mabuchi
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, ,
| | - Maureen Hatch
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, ,
- , Tel.: +01-301-594-7658, Fax: +01-301-402-0207
| | - Nori Nakamura
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan,
| | - Sergey Nikonovich
- Republican Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology, Gomel, Belarus,
| | - Sergey Aleksanin
- Nikiforov Russian Centre of Emergency and Radiation Medicine, EMERCOM of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia,
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Chertok Shacham E, Ishay A, Irit E, Pohlenz J, Tenenbaum-Rakover Y. Minimally invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma developed in dyshormonogenetic multinodular goiter due to thyroid peroxidase gene mutation. Thyroid 2012; 22:542-6. [PMID: 22435912 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2011.0478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The occurrence of thyroid carcinoma in patients with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) caused by dyshormonogenesis is very rare, and has only been reported in one patient harboring mutations in the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene. PATIENT FINDINGS We report on a 29-year follow-up of two consanguineous siblings with CH due to total iodide organification defect who also had sensorineural hearing loss. Molecular analysis revealed a novel biallelic mutation of the TPO gene in which phenylalanine substitutes serine at codon 292 (c.875C>T, p.S292F) in exon 8. Despite early initiation, adequate doses of levothyroxine treatment and consequently normal thyrotropin (TSH) levels, the proposita developed a huge multinodular goiter (MNG) and underwent total thyroidectomy due to tracheal compression. Pathological examination revealed a unifocal follicular thyroid carcinoma without vascular invasion in the left lobe of the thyroid gland. SUMMARY Our finding of follicular thyroid carcinoma arising from dyshormonogenetic MNG in a patient without elevated serum TSH levels indicates that genetic and environmental factors other than TSH level might be involved in the development of thyroid carcinoma in dyshormonogenetic MNG. CONCLUSIONS Despite the rare occurrence of thyroid carcinoma in dyshormonogenetic MNG, we recommend long-term follow-up and regular neck ultrasound imaging to prevent delayed diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma.
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Cirello V, Bazzini C, Vezzoli V, Muzza M, Rodighiero S, Castorina P, Maffini A, Bottà G, Persani L, Beck-Peccoz P, Meyer G, Fugazzola L. Molecular and functional studies of 4 candidate loci in Pendred syndrome and nonsyndromic hearing loss. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 351:342-50. [PMID: 22285650 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients with PS or non-syndromic deafness were submitted to genetic/functional analyzes of SLC26A4, of its binding domain for FOXI1 (FOXI1-DBD), of the transcription activator FOXI1, and of the potassium channel KCNJ10. SLC26A4 was the most frequently mutated gene. An altered intracellular localization with immunocytochemistry, and a hampered maturation process were demonstrated for two novel SLC26A4 variants. Biochemical and immunocytochemical analyzes led to the development of a more sensitive fluorometric functional assay able to reveal the partial loss-of-function of SLC26A4 mutations. A novel missense variant was found in FOXI1 gene, though functional analysis showed no significant impairment in the transcriptional activation of SLC26A4. Finally, 3 patients were found to harbor a variant in KCNJ10, which was classified as polymorphism. The novelty of the study resides in the analysis of all the 4 candidate genetic loci linked to PS/non-syndromic deafness, and in the precise definition of the thyroid phenotype. PS was invariably associated with biallelic mutations of SLC26A4, whereas the genetic origin of non-syndromic deafness remained largely undetermined, since monoallelic SLC26A4 variants accounted for one fourth of the cases and FOXI1 and KCNJ10 were not involved in this series.
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50
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Byriak VN, Murashko ES. [Peculiarities of formation, clinical presentations and therapy of diffuse nontoxic goiter of children]. Lik Sprava 2012:31-35. [PMID: 23356134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The paper deals with the peculiarities of formation, clinical presentations and therapy of diffuse nontoxic goiter of children. The paper highlights the connection of the disease with the genetic predisposition, the impact of natural and anthropogenic strumagenes, immune processes. The clinical presentations of the diffuse nontoxic goiter are diffuse enlargement of thyroid gland, normal or high level of thyrotropichypophysis hormone when the content of thyroxin and triiodothyronine is normal, which is treated as the subclinic hypothyroidism syndrome. The variety of the disease pathogenesis theories leads to testing of different therapeutic methods, the principal ones among them are the use of iodine preparation and replacement therapy.
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