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Dafni A, Blanché C, Khatib SA, Petanidou T, Aytaç B, Pacini E, Kozuharova E, Geva-Kleinberger A, Shahvar S, Dajic Z, Klug HW, Benítez G. Correction: In search of traces of the mandrake myth: the historical, and ethnobotanical roots of its vernacular names. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2024; 20:49. [PMID: 38741084 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-024-00688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Amots Dafni
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Cesar Blanché
- GREB-BioC, Botany Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII S/N, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Theodora Petanidou
- Laboratory of Biogeography and Ecology, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, 81100, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Bedrettin Aytaç
- Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Languages, History and Geography, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ettore Pacini
- Department of Life Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ekaterina Kozuharova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Sofia, Dunav 2 Sr., 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Soli Shahvar
- Department of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, The Ezri Center for Iran and Persian Gulf Studies, The University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zora Dajic
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Applied Botany, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Helmut W Klug
- Centre for Information Modelling, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Guillermo Benítez
- Department of Botany, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071, Granada, Spain
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Razola-Díaz MDC, Aznar-Ramos MJ, Benítez G, Gómez-Caravaca AM, Verardo V. Exploring the potential of phenolic and antioxidant compounds in new Rosaceae fruits. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:3705-3718. [PMID: 38160248 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rosaceae fruits have been used in traditional medicine for the prevention and treatment of diseases. However, these fruits have not extensively been studied regarding their phenolic composition. Thus, this research focuses on the determination of phenolic compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, flavan-3-ols by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, and the antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and ferric reducing antioxidant power of the fruits of five species of genera Crataegus and Sorbus (Rosaceae). RESULTS We found a total of 71 phenolic compounds from which 30 were identified in these berries for the first time. Crataegus monogyna and Crataegus laciniata revealed higher total phenolic and flavan-3-ol contents than the other species and the highest antioxidant activities. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the fruits evaluated have demonstrated to be important sources of bioactive compounds with huge potential for being used in nutraceutical or food scopes. Additional studies could be needed to evaluate the influence of the different production areas on the phenolic content. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guillermo Benítez
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana María Gómez-Caravaca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology 'José Mataix', Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Vito Verardo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology 'José Mataix', Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Jiménez-González V, Benítez G, Pastor JE, López-Lázaro M, Calderón-Montaño JM. Evaluation of Anticancer Activity of 76 Plant Species Collected in Andalusia (Spain) against Lung Cancer Cells. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3275. [PMID: 37765439 PMCID: PMC10536323 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Every year, cancer kills millions of people around the world. Finding more selective anticancer agents is essential to improve the low survival rates of patients with metastatic cancers. Since the research of natural products is a valuable approach to the discovery of new compounds and the Iberian flora offers a rich source of unstudied plants, we have carried out a random screening of 76 plant species from 43 families collected in Andalusia (South of Spain). Using non-malignant cells (HaCaT) and lung cancer cells (A549), we found that the extract from Arum italicum Mill. subsp. italicum (Araceae), Mandragora autumnalis Bertol. (Solanaceae), Rhamnus alaternus L. (Rhamnaceae), and Lomelosia simplex (Desf.) Raf. subsp. dentata (Jord. & Fourr.) Greuter & Burdet (Dipsacaceae) showed selective cytotoxicity against lung cancer cells. Extracts of plant species belonging to the Iridaceae family showed high selective activity against cancer cells, highlighting that the Xiphion xiphium (L.) M.B. Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev flower extract was more selective against lung cancer cells than the standard anticancer drugs, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. This extract also showed modest selective cytotoxicity against bladder carcinoma cells (T24). The number of cells in the G1 phase increased after treatment with the extract from Xiphion xiphium. Our research indicates that various plants are potential sources for the isolation and development of new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Jiménez-González
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain;
| | - Guillermo Benítez
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Julio Enrique Pastor
- Department of Vegetal Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain;
| | - Miguel López-Lázaro
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain;
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Fernández-Pastor I, González-Menéndez V, Martínez Andrade K, Serrano R, Mackenzie TA, Benítez G, Casares-Porcel M, Genilloud O, Reyes F. Xerophytic Lichens from Gypsiferous Outcrops of Arid Areas of Andalusia as a Source of Anti-Phytopathogenic Depsides. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:887. [PMID: 37754995 PMCID: PMC10532656 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In a survey to evaluate the potential of lichens associated with gypsum areas as sources of new antifungal metabolites, six species of lichens were collected in the gypsum outcrops of the Sorbas Desert (Diploschistes ocellatus and Seirophora lacunosa) and the Tabernas Desert (Cladonia foliacea, Acarospora placodiformis, Squamarina lentigera and Xanthoparmelia pokornyi) in southern Spain. Raw lichen acetone extracts were tested against a panel of seven phytopathogenic fungi, including Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense TR4, Fusarium ploriferaum, Magnaporthe grisea, Verticillium dahliae and Zymoseptoria tritici. Active extracts of Cladonia foliacea, Xanthoparmelia pokornyi and Squamarina lentigera were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS and Molecular Networking to identify possible metabolites responsible for the antifungal activity. A total of ten depside-like metabolites were identified by MS/MS dereplication and NMR experiments, of which one was a new derivative of fumaroprotocetraric acid. The compounds without previously described biological activity were purified and tested against the panel of fungal phytopathogens. Herein, the antifungal activity against fungal phytopathogens of 4'-O-methylpaludosic acid, divaricatic acid and stenosporic acid is reported for the first time. Stenosporic and divaricatic acids displayed a broad antifungal spectrum against seven relevant fungal phytopathogens in a micromolar range, including the extremely resistant fungus F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (TR4). 4'-O-methylpaludosic acid exhibited specific antifungal activity against the wheat pathogen Z. tritici, with an IC50 of 38.87 µg/mL (87.1 µM) in the absorbance-based assay and 24.88 µg/mL (55.52 µM) in the fluorescence-based assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernández-Pastor
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda. Del Conocimiento 34, Health Sciences Technology Park, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.F.-P.); (K.M.A.); (R.S.); (T.A.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Victor González-Menéndez
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda. Del Conocimiento 34, Health Sciences Technology Park, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.F.-P.); (K.M.A.); (R.S.); (T.A.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Kevin Martínez Andrade
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda. Del Conocimiento 34, Health Sciences Technology Park, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.F.-P.); (K.M.A.); (R.S.); (T.A.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Rachel Serrano
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda. Del Conocimiento 34, Health Sciences Technology Park, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.F.-P.); (K.M.A.); (R.S.); (T.A.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Thomas A. Mackenzie
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda. Del Conocimiento 34, Health Sciences Technology Park, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.F.-P.); (K.M.A.); (R.S.); (T.A.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Guillermo Benítez
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cartuja Campus, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (G.B.); (M.C.-P.)
| | - Manuel Casares-Porcel
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cartuja Campus, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (G.B.); (M.C.-P.)
| | - Olga Genilloud
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda. Del Conocimiento 34, Health Sciences Technology Park, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.F.-P.); (K.M.A.); (R.S.); (T.A.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Fernando Reyes
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda. Del Conocimiento 34, Health Sciences Technology Park, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.F.-P.); (K.M.A.); (R.S.); (T.A.M.); (O.G.)
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Benítez G, Molero-Mesa J, González-Tejero MR. Wild Edible Plants of Andalusia: Traditional Uses and Potential of Eating Wild in a Highly Diverse Region. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1218. [PMID: 36986907 PMCID: PMC10051205 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A review of ethnobotanical sources focused on traditionally-used wild food plants in Andalusia (southern Spain), one of the most biodiverse regions in Europe, is carried out. With 21 original sources plus some previously unpublished data, the dataset shows a high diversity of these traditional resources, reaching 336 species or c. 7% of the total wild flora. Cultural aspects related to the use of some species are discussed and data are compared with similar works. The results are discussed through the lens of conservation and bromatology. For 24% of the edible plants, informants also mentioned a medicinal use (achieved by consuming the same part of the plant). In addition, a list of 166 potentially edible species is provided based on a review of data from other Spanish territories.
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Benítez G, Leonti M, Böck B, Vulfsons S, Dafni A. The rise and fall of mandrake in medicine. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 303:115874. [PMID: 36395976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mandrake (Mandragora sp.) is one of the most famous medicinal plants. It has been in continuous medical use throughout written history and is still in use today in popular medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY Mandrake derived drugs once played an important role in medicine and in magical practices. Today, the role of mandrake in popular medicine is marginal. However, natural products present in mandrake such as atropine and scopolamine, as well as their semi synthetic derivatives continue to hold and important role in medicine. Here we aim to trace the development of historical rationales and scientific events that led to the abandonment of mandrake as a medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS We review the medicinal uses of mandrake drugs since antiquity in an attempt to pinpoint use patterns that were popular in certain periods of time and others that are more general. We compare the uses from the native territories to those from regions where the plant got introduced and use literature reporting mandrake's chemistry and pharmacology in order to explain the diachronic changes of use patterns. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We found information about 88 different medicinal uses for mandrake, grouped into 39 conditions. According to the number of different medicinal uses, the most versatile period was the medieval (37), followed by the Renaissance (31), the classical (27), and the modern period (21). Considering the higher number of textual sources and use-records collected for the Renaissance period, the decrease of versatility in comparison to the medieval period appears robust. This seems to indicate a more consolidated use pattern, that might be conditioned by the reproduction of classic textual sources as well as by a less experimental approach and reduced popularity of mandrake in medicine. The introduction of the volatile anaesthetics with more reliable narcotic effects set the seal on using mandrake in surgery but opened the way for atropine being used as a prophylactic and antidote during surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Benítez
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Marco Leonti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Barbara Böck
- Instituto de Lenguas y Culturas del Mediterráneo y Oriente Próximo, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Simon Vulfsons
- Institute for Pain Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Amots Dafni
- Department of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Evolution, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel.
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Cerezuela-Fuentes P, Martín-Liberal J, Fernández-Morales L, Benítez G, Medina Martinez J, Quindós M, García Castaño A, Puértolas T, Vilchez Simo R, Fernández O, Majem M, Bellido Hernández L, Ayala de Miguel P, Campos B, Espinosa E, Macías Cerrolaza J, Rodríguez-Lescure A, Espasa Font L, Belaustegui Ferrández G, Manzano Mozo J. 811P Three-years real-world evidence of adjuvant dabrafenib plus trametinib (DT) in patients with resected melanoma in Spain (GEM 1901 - DESCRIBE-AD). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Soria A, Sánchez Mauriño P, Serrano J, Sequero S, Fra Rodríguez J, Amezcua V, Benítez G, Espinosa E, Aguayo C, García Galindo R, Díaz-Beveridge R, Puértolas T, Cunquero-Tomás A, López Castro R, Crespo G, López P, Gutiérrez Sanz L, Campos B, García L, Cerezuela-Fuentes P. 837P Real-world evidence of encorafenib (E) plus binimetinib (B) in unresectable advanced or metastatic BRAFV600-mut melanoma in Spain (GEM 2002 - BECARE). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Dafni A, Blanché C, Khatib SA, Petanidou T, Aytaç B, Pacini E, Kozuharova E, Geva-Kleinberger A, Shahvar S, Dajic Z, Klug HW, Benítez G. In search of traces of the mandrake myth: the historical, and ethnobotanical roots of its vernacular names. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2021; 17:68. [PMID: 34863248 PMCID: PMC8645077 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-021-00494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mandrake (Mandragora spp.) is one of the most famous medicinal plant in western cultures since Biblical times and throughout written history. In many cultures, mandrake is related to magic and witchcraft, which is said to have a psychosomatic effect (especially when mandrake contains narcotic compounds) in addition to the pharmacological influence, as occurs with other narcotic magical plants. Due to its unique properties and related myths, it is not surprising that this plant has many names in many languages. METHODS This paper presents an attempt to reconstruct the historical, ethnobotanical, and folkloristic roots of 292 vernacular names of Mandragora spp. in forty-one languages. We used the plant's morphological data, philology, myths and legends, medicinal properties and uses, as well as historical evidence and folkloric data, to explain meaning, origin, migration, and history of the plant's names. RESULTS The names were classified into the following main categories: Derivatives of mandragora (19 languages), alraun (7) and of yabroukh (5). The salient groups of the plant's vernacular names are related to: Anthropomorphism (33 names in 13 languages); Similarity to other plants (28/9); Supernatural agents (28/9); Narcotic effects (21/8); Leaves, fruits, and seeds (21/8); Aphrodisiac properties (17/10); Use of a dog (15/9); Gallows (14/5); Black magic, sorcery, witchcraft (13/8), and Medicinal use (11/7). CONCLUSIONS This frequency distribution of the mandrake's vernacular names reflects its widespread reputation as related to the doctrine of signatures, beliefs in its supernatural, natural, and mythic powers, and to a lesser extent, its uses in magic and medicine. A spatiotemporal analysis of the mandrake's names supports the old idea that the pulling ceremonies for this plant originated in the Near East and that various other myths related to this plant may have originated in different places and periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amots Dafni
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Cesar Blanché
- GREB-BioC, Botany Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII S/N, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Theodora Petanidou
- Laboratory of Biogeography and Ecology, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, 81100, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Bedrettin Aytaç
- Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Languages, History and Geography, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ettore Pacini
- Department of Life Sciences, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ekaterina Kozuharova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Sofia, Dunav 2 sr., 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Soli Shahvar
- Department of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, The Ezri Center for Iran and Persian Gulf Studies, The University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zora Dajic
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Applied Botany, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Helmut W Klug
- Centre for Information Modelling, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Guillermo Benítez
- Department of Botany, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071, Granada, Spain
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Calvo V, Carcereny E, Abreu DR, Lopez-Castro R, Guirado M, Camps C, Cobo M, Ortega A, Bernabé R, Massuti B, Mosquera J, Del Barco E, Gonzalez - Larriba J, Bosch - Barrera J, Ojeda CG, Domine M, Juan O, Martínez-Cutillas M, Benítez G, Collazo-Lorduy A, Cucurull M, Provencio M. OA14.01 Family History of Cancer and Lung Cancer: Information from the Thoracic Tumors Registry (TTR Study). J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Manzano J, Martín-Liberal J, Fernandez-Morales L, Benítez G, Medina J, Quindós M, García-Castaño A, Fernández O, Vilchez Simo R, Majem M, Bellido Hernández L, Ayala de Miguel P, Campos B, Espinosa E, Macías Cerrolaza J, Gil-Arnaiz I, Lorente D, Martínez-Fernández A, Martín-Sánchez E, Cerezuela-Fuentes P. 1088P Adjuvant dabrafenib plus trametinib (DT) treatment completion in patients with resected melanoma in Spain: A retrospective observational study (GEM 1901 - DESCRIBE-AD). Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Zafra J, Sett RC, Rodriguez D, Martinez JC, Salas B, Vera A, Benítez G, Lloret M, Onieva J, Barragan I, Lara P. 1326P Combination of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy with anti-PD-1 in oligoprogressive disease: Final results of a prospective multicenter study. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ghilini F, Fagali N, Pissinis DE, Benítez G, Schilardi PL. Multifunctional Titanium Surfaces for Orthopedic Implants: Antimicrobial Activity and Enhanced Osseointegration. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2021; 4:6451-6461. [PMID: 35006865 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of implants in orthopedics and dental practice is a widespread surgical procedure to treat diverse diseases. However, peri-implantitis due to infections and/or poor osseointegration can lead to metallic implant failure. The aim of this study was to develop a multifunctional coating on titanium (Ti) surfaces, to simultaneously deal with both issues, by combining antibacterial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and regenerative properties of lactoferrin (Lf). A simple and cost-effective methodology that allows the direct multifunctionalization of Ti surfaces was developed. The modified surfaces were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. Additionally, in vitro preosteoblast cell adhesion, cell viability, and differentiation were evaluated. The antibacterial capability of the surfaces was tested against Staphylococcus aureus as a prosthesis infection model strain. Our results showed that Lf adsorbed on both Ti surfaces and Ti surfaces with adsorbed AgNPs. Simultaneously, the presence of Lf and AgNPs notably improved preosteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, whereas it reduced the bacterial colonization by 97.7%. Our findings indicate that this simple method may have potential applications in medical devices to both improve osseointegration and reduce bacterial infection risk, enhancing successful implantation and patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorela Ghilini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP - CONICET, CC16 Suc 4, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Fagali
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP - CONICET, CC16 Suc 4, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego E Pissinis
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP - CONICET, CC16 Suc 4, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Benítez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP - CONICET, CC16 Suc 4, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia L Schilardi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP - CONICET, CC16 Suc 4, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Budjaj A, Benítez G, Pleguezuelos JM. Ethnozoology among the Berbers: pre-Islamic practices survive in the Rif (northwestern Africa). J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2021; 17:43. [PMID: 34256776 PMCID: PMC8278736 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-021-00466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethnozoological knowledge is less documented than ethnobotanical. With this field study, we aim to record and analyze the Riffian Berber knowledge about the use of animals in traditional human and veterinary medicine. Our research question is what is their knowledge of ethnozoological practices? METHODS We performed semi-structured interviews with local inhabitants in Riffian vernacular language. The reliability of the sampling effort was assessed by a rarefaction curve. Data were compared with previous studies in order to determine the geographical and historical extensions of described uses and possible conservation implications for the species used. RESULTS We obtained information regarding 107 ethnozoological uses based on 197 use reports. Among the 31 species used, mammals were most frequently cited. Diseases related to the traditional medicinal system were most frequently treated with these resources, as well as those of the respiratory, digestive, and musculoskeletal systems. Thirty percent of uses are associated with magico-religious practices. Only three of the species used are threatened at the global level, two of them extinct in the study area, indicating low potential damage to regional biodiversity from current practices utilizing native animals. Within modern Morocco, Riffians have continued practicing ethnozoological uses anathema to Islam, like the consumption of animals considered impure (dogs, jackals, wild boars, and hyenas). CONCLUSIONS The use of primarily mammalian species and of many animal body parts is likely related to the Berber belief in homology between the area of the human body in which the ailment occurs and the corresponding animal body part. These findings unveil the nature of ethnozoological practices, highly linked to folklore and culture-bound conditions, and lacking in the Western empirical rationale for nearly one third of reported uses. The consumption of animals considered impure according to Islam was probably initiated before the conquering of the Maghreb by Arabs in the seventh century and was maintained through the secular isolation of Riffians in mountain areas. This can reflect traditional healing habits being maintained over thousands of years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymane Budjaj
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo Benítez
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Dafni A, Aqil Khatib S, Benítez G. The Doctrine of Signatures in Israel-Revision and Spatiotemporal Patterns. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:1346. [PMID: 34371549 PMCID: PMC8309186 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The present survey includes forty-three plant species with present-day medicinal applications that can be related to the Doctrine of Signatures (DoS). The main uses are for jaundice (33.3%), kidney stones (20%), and as an aphrodisiac (8%). Ten Doctrine of Signature uses (22.2%) are endemic (to Israel and Jordan); while none of these plant species are endemic to the region at all, their DoS uses are endemic. Summing up of all these data reveals that 73.2% of all uses found in present-day Israel could be considered as related to Muslim traditional medicine. About one quarter (24.4%) of the DoS uses are also common to Europe, and some (8.8%) to India. The two adventive species with DoS uses serve as evidence that the DoS practice is not necessarily based solely on its historical background but is still evolving locally in accordance with changes in the local flora. The current broad geographic distribution of many of the doctrine's uses may serve as indirect evidence of its current prevalence, and not just as a vestigial presentation of ancient beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amots Dafni
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
| | | | - Guillermo Benítez
- Department of Botany, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Leonti M, Casu L, de Oliveira Martins DT, Rodrigues E, Benítez G. Ecological Theories and Major Hypotheses in Ethnobotany: Their Relevance for Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy in the Context of Historical Data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s43450-020-00074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Yebouk C, Redouan FZ, Benítez G, Bouhbal M, Kadiri M, Boumediana AI, Molero-Mesa J, Merzouki A. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in the Adrar Province, Mauritania. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 246:112217. [PMID: 31520672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mauritania is a country in which few ethnobotanical studies have been conducted and consequently the ethnomedical data is scarce. Since the geographical region reflects the transition between tropical and Northern Africa, influenced by the Mediterranean floristic region, the traditional knowledge was influenced by several cultures from tropical Africa as well as Arab, Berber and Islamic societies. AIM OF THE STUDY This paper aims to explore and compile the diversity of ethnomedical knowledge in one of the regions of Mauritania and to compare the data with similar studies from surrounding territories. MATERIALS AND METHODS Surveys and interviews were carried out in 11 villages of Adrar province in northern Mauritania. Data were collected through open, semi-structured interviews (with individuals and focus groups). A sample of 120 people aged between 20 and 70 years, including 24 herbalists and 28 traditional healers was included. RESULTS Ethnomedical data for 68 plant species belonging to 27 families were obtained. They are used to treat 50 health conditions grouped in 14 pathological groups. Remedies for digestive system disorders, skin problems and respiratory ailments were among the most frequent indications. Leaves were the most frequently used plant part and remedies generally used as a powder for the various applications and a total of 2'317 use reports were gathered. About 55% of the reported species were not cited previously in the literature focusing on Mauritania and neighbouring countries. Moreover, only 6 species are also cited by Ibn al-Baytar (13th century CE). CONCLUSIONS This work shows a promising perspective for future studies, shedding light on the richness and the risk for conservation of traditional knowledge of herbal medicine in Mauritania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheikh Yebouk
- Flora Research, Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology Group, Laboratory of Applied Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi BP 2121, Tetouan, 93000 Morocco
| | - Fatima Zahrae Redouan
- Flora Research, Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology Group, Laboratory of Applied Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi BP 2121, Tetouan, 93000 Morocco
| | - Guillermo Benítez
- Department of Botany, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Mohamed Bouhbal
- Flora Research, Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology Group, Laboratory of Applied Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi BP 2121, Tetouan, 93000 Morocco
| | - Mohamed Kadiri
- Flora Research, Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology Group, Laboratory of Applied Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi BP 2121, Tetouan, 93000 Morocco
| | | | - Joaquín Molero-Mesa
- Department of Botany, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Abderrahmane Merzouki
- Flora Research, Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology Group, Laboratory of Applied Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi BP 2121, Tetouan, 93000 Morocco
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Tabajara de Oliveira Martins D, Rodrigues E, Casu L, Benítez G, Leonti M. The historical development of pharmacopoeias and the inclusion of exotic herbal drugs with a focus on Europe and Brazil. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 240:111891. [PMID: 30999013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In spite of the rich bio-cultural diversity found in the Neotropics relatively few herbal drugs native to South America are included in the global pharmacopoeia. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the attempt to historically explain the inclusion of herbal drugs into official pharmacopoeias we consider the disparate epidemiology and cultural evolution of the New and the Old World. We then trace the development of pharmacopoeias and review forces that worked towards and against the synchronization of pharmacopoeias and highlight the role of early chemical and pharmacological studies in Europe. Finally, we compare the share of exotic and native herbal drug species included in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia with the share of exotic and native species included in the European Pharmacopoeia as well as those used for products registered with ANVISA. RESULTS The domination of Eurasian herbal drugs in the European Pharmacopoeia seems to be conditioned by the geographical extension of Eurasia, which facilitated the interchange of materia medica and the creation of a consensus of use since ancient times. At the time of the Conquest the epidemiology of the Amerindian populations resembled that of pre-agriculturalist societies while no written consensus around efficacious medicine existed. Subsequently, introduced and well-tried plant species of the Old World gained therapeutic importance in the New World. CONCLUSION The research focus in Europe and the US resulted in a persistence of herbal drugs with a historic importance in the European and US pharmacopoeias, which gained a status as safe and efficacious. During the last decades only few ethnopharmacological field-studies have been conducted with indigenous Amerindian groups living in the Brazilian Amazon, which might be attributable to difficulties in obtaining research permissions. Newly adopted regulations regarding access to biodiversity and traditional knowledge as well as the simplified procedure for licencing herbal medicinal products in Brazil prospects an interesting future for those aiming at developing herbal medicine based on bio-cultural diversity and respecting the protocols regulating benefit sharing.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brazil
- Europe
- Herbal Medicine/history
- History, 15th Century
- History, 16th Century
- History, 17th Century
- History, 18th Century
- History, 19th Century
- History, 20th Century
- History, 21st Century
- History, Ancient
- History, Medieval
- Humans
- Medicine, Traditional/history
- Pharmacopoeias as Topic/history
- Plants, Medicinal
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliana Rodrigues
- Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies, Department of Environmental Sciences, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Laura Casu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Guillermo Benítez
- Department of Botany, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Marco Leonti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy.
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Benítez G, March-Salas M, Villa-Kamel A, Cháves-Jiménez U, Hernández J, Montes-Osuna N, Moreno-Chocano J, Cariñanos P. The genus Datura L. (Solanaceae) in Mexico and Spain - Ethnobotanical perspective at the interface of medical and illicit uses. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 219:133-151. [PMID: 29551452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The different species of the genus Datura have been used traditionally by some pre-Columbian civilizations, as well as in medieval rituals linked to magic and witchcraft in both Mexico and Europe. It is also noteworthy the use of different alkaloids obtained from the plants for medicinal purposes in the treatment of various groups of diseases, especially of the respiratory and muscularskeletal systems. AIM OF THE STUDY A review of the ethnobotanical uses of the genus Datura in Mexico and Spain has been conducted. We focus on the medicinal and ritualistic uses included in modern ethnobotanical studies, emphasizing the historical knowledge from post-colonial American Codices and medieval European texts. Datura's current social emergency as a drug of recreation and leisure, as well as its link to crimes of sexual abuse is also considered. The work is completed with some notes about the distribution and ecology of the different species and a phytochemical and pharmacological review of Datura alkaloids, necessary to understand their arrival in Europe and the ethnobotanical uses made since then MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review and compilation of information on traditional medicinal uses of the genus has been carried out from the main electronic databases. Traditional volumes (codices) have also been consulted in libraries of different institutions. Consultations have been made with the National Toxicological Services of Spain and Mexico for toxicological data. RESULTS A total of 118 traditional uses were collected in both territories, 111 medicinal ones to be applied in 76 conditions or symptoms included in 13 pathological groups. Although there are particular medicinal uses in the two countries, we found up to 15 similar uses, of which 80% were previously mentioned in post-Colonial American codices. Applications in the treatment of asthma and rheumatism are also highlighted. Apart from medicinal uses, it is worth noting their cultural and social uses, in the case of Mexico relating to diseases such as being scared, astonishment or falling in love, and in the case of Spain, as a recreational drug and lately, for criminal purposes. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the variety of uses traditionally given to the different species in both territories. The fact that most of the coincident or similar uses in both countries also appear in the classical codices can be found an example of the flow, not only of the plants from America to Europe, but also of their associated information. It is also relevant that particular uses have derived in both countries, reflecting the difference in the cultural factors and traditions linked to rituals and cultural practices. Finally, the significant growth of Datura consumption in recent years as a drug of leisure and recreation, as well as in crimes of sexual submission, should be considered as research of maximum relevance in the field of forensic botany and toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Benítez
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Martí March-Salas
- National Museum of Natural Sciences of Madrid (MNCN-CSIC), E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Villa-Kamel
- Ethnobotany Laboratory, National School of Anthropology and History (ENAH), 14030 Mexico , Mexico.
| | - Ulises Cháves-Jiménez
- Ethnobotany Laboratory, National School of Anthropology and History (ENAH), 14030 Mexico , Mexico.
| | - Javier Hernández
- Ethnobotany Laboratory, National School of Anthropology and History (ENAH), 14030 Mexico , Mexico.
| | - Nuria Montes-Osuna
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute of Sustainable Agriculture, Superior Council of Scientific Investigations (CSIC), Campus Alameda del Obispo, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Joaquín Moreno-Chocano
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Paloma Cariñanos
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, E-18071 Granada, Spain; Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
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Gonçalves LP, Miñán A, Benítez G, de Mele MFL, Vela ME, Schilardi PL, Ferreira-Neto EP, Noveletto JC, Correr WR, Rodrigues-Filho UP. Self-sterilizing ormosils surfaces based on photo-synzthesized silver nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 164:144-154. [PMID: 29413591 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Medical device-related infections represent a major healthcare complication, resulting in potential risks for the patient. Antimicrobial materials comprise an attractive strategy against bacterial colonization and biofilm proliferation. However, in most cases these materials are only bacteriostatic or bactericidal, and consequently they must be used in combination with other antimicrobials in order to reach the eradication condition (no viable microorganisms). In this study, a straightforward and robust antibacterial coating based on Phosphotungstate Ormosil doped with core-shell (SiO2@TiO2) was developed using sol-gel process, chemical tempering, and Ag nanoparticle photoassisted synthesis (POrs-CS-Ag). The coating was characterized by X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and X-ray Photoelectron Microscopy (XPS). The silver free coating displays low antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in opposition to the silver loaded ones, which are able to completely eradicate these strains. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of these substrates remains high until three reutilization cycles, which make them a promising strategy to develop self-sterilizing materials, such as POrs-CS-Ag-impregnated fabric, POrs-CS-Ag coated indwelling metals and polymers, among other materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiane Patrícia Gonçalves
- Grupo de Química de Materiais Híbridos e Inorgânicos, Prédio de Química Ambiental, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Miñán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP - CONICET, CC 16 Suc 4(1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Benítez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP - CONICET, CC 16 Suc 4(1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mónica Fernández Lorenzo de Mele
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP - CONICET, CC 16 Suc 4(1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Elena Vela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP - CONICET, CC 16 Suc 4(1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Patricia L Schilardi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP - CONICET, CC 16 Suc 4(1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Elias Paiva Ferreira-Neto
- Grupo de Química de Materiais Híbridos e Inorgânicos, Prédio de Química Ambiental, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlia Cristina Noveletto
- Grupo de Química de Materiais Híbridos e Inorgânicos, Prédio de Química Ambiental, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner Rafael Correr
- Centro de Tecnologia de Materiais Híbridos, Grupo Crescimento de Cristais e Materiais Cerâmicos, Instituto de Física de São Carlos e Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ubirajara Pereira Rodrigues-Filho
- Grupo de Química de Materiais Híbridos e Inorgânicos, Prédio de Química Ambiental, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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El-Gharbaoui A, Benítez G, González-Tejero MR, Molero-Mesa J, Merzouki A. Comparison of Lamiaceae medicinal uses in eastern Morocco and eastern Andalusia and in Ibn al-Baytar's Compendium of Simple Medicaments (13th century CE). J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 202:208-224. [PMID: 28323048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Transmission of traditional knowledge over time and across culturally and historically related territories is an important topic in ethnopharmacology. Here, we contribute to this knowledge by analysing data on medicinal uses in two neighbouring areas of the Western Mediterranean in relation to a historical text that has been scarcely mentioned in historical studies despite its interest. AIM OF THE STUDY This paper discusses the sharing of popular knowledge on the medicinal uses of plants between eastern Morocco and eastern Andalusia (Spain), focusing on one of the most useful plant families in the Mediterranean area: Lamiaceae. Moreover, we used the classical work of Ibn al-Baytar (13th century CE) The Compendium of Simple Medicaments and Foods as a basis to contrast the possible link of this information, analysing the influence of this historical text on current popular tradition of medicinal plant use in both territories. MATERIALS AND METHODS For data collection, we performed ethnobotanical field research in the eastern part of Morocco, recording current medicinal uses for the Lamiaceae. In addition, we systematically reviewed the ethnobotanical literature from eastern Andalusia, developing a database. We investigated the possible historical link of the shared uses and included in this database the information from Ibn al-Baytar's Compendium. To compare the similarity and diversity of the data, we used Jaccard's similarity index. RESULTS Our field work provided ethnobotanical information for 14 Lamiaceae species with 95 medicinal uses, serving to treat 13 different pathological groups. Of the total uses recorded in Morocco, 30.5% were shared by eastern Andalusia and found in Ibn al-Baytar's work. There was a higher similarity when comparing current uses of the geographically close territories of eastern Morocco and eastern Andalucía (64%) than for eastern Morocco and this historical text (43%). On the other hand, coincidences between current uses in eastern Andalusia and the ones related in the Compendium are lower, 28%. CONCLUSIONS The coincidence of the current ethnobotanical knowledge in the two territories is high for the Lamiaceae. Probably the shared historical background, recent exchanges, information flow, and the influence of the historical herbal texts have influenced this coincidence. In this sense, there is a high plant-use overlap between Ibn al-Baytar's text and both territories: nearly half of the uses currently shared by eastern Morocco and eastern Andalusia were included in the Compendium and are related to this period of Islamic medicine, indicating a high level of preservation in the knowledge of plant usage. The study of 14 species of Lamiaceae suggests that this classical codex, which includes a high number of medicinal plants and uses, constitutes a valuable bibliographical source for comparing ancient and modern applications of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmae El-Gharbaoui
- Department of Botany, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Benítez
- Department of Botany, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - M Reyes González-Tejero
- Department of Botany, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Joaquín Molero-Mesa
- Department of Botany, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Abderrahmane Merzouki
- Flora research, Etnobotany and Ethnopharmacology. Laboratory of Applied Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, BP 2121, Tétouan 93000, Morocco.
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Quiroga Argañaraz MP, Ramallo-López JM, Benítez G, Rubert A, Prieto ED, Gassa LM, Salvarezza RC, Vela ME. Optimization of the surface properties of nanostructured Ni–W alloys on steel by a mixed silane layer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:14201-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01895a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of the surface properties of nanostructured Ni–W coatings on steel by a mixed silane layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Quiroga Argañaraz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata – CONICET – Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16
- (1900) La Plata
- Argentina
| | - J. M. Ramallo-López
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata – CONICET – Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16
- (1900) La Plata
- Argentina
| | - G. Benítez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata – CONICET – Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16
- (1900) La Plata
- Argentina
| | - A. Rubert
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata – CONICET – Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16
- (1900) La Plata
- Argentina
| | - E. D. Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata – CONICET – Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16
- (1900) La Plata
- Argentina
| | - L. M. Gassa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata – CONICET – Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16
- (1900) La Plata
- Argentina
| | - R. C. Salvarezza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata – CONICET – Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16
- (1900) La Plata
- Argentina
| | - M. E. Vela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata – CONICET – Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16
- (1900) La Plata
- Argentina
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Azcárate JC, Addato MAF, Rubert A, Corthey G, Moreno GSK, Benítez G, Zelaya E, Salvarezza RC, Fonticelli MH. Surface chemistry of thiomalic acid adsorption on planar gold and gold nanoparticles. Langmuir 2014; 30:1820-1826. [PMID: 24479895 DOI: 10.1021/la404674m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of thiomalic acid (TMA) on Au(111) and on preformed Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) protected by weak ligands has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical techniques. Results show that TMA is adsorbed on the Au(111) surface as thiolate species with a small amount of atomic sulfur (∼10%) and a surface coverage lower than that found for alkanethiols due to steric factors. The amount of atomic sulfur markedly increases when the TMA is adsorbed on AuNPs by the ligand exchange method. We propose that the atomic sulfur is produced as a consequence of C-S bond cleavage, a process that is more favorable at defective sites of the AuNPs surface. The bond scission is also assisted by the presence of the electron-withdrawing carboxy moiety in the α-position relative to the C-S bond. Moreover, the high local concentration of positively charged species increases the stability of the negatively charged leaving group, leading to a higher amount of coadsorbed atomic sulfur. Our results demonstrate that the terminal functionalities of thiols are conditioning factors in the final structure and composition of the adlayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Azcárate
- The Research Institute of Theoretical and Applied Physical Chemistry (INIFTA), National University of La Plata - CONICET , Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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Alvarez F, Grillo C, Schilardi P, Rubert A, Benítez G, Lorente C, de Mele MFL. Decrease in cytotoxicity of copper-based intrauterine devices (IUD) pretreated with 6-mercaptopurine and pterin as biocompatible corrosion inhibitors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:249-255. [PMID: 23252335 DOI: 10.1021/am3025307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The copper intrauterine device (IUD) based its contraceptive action on the release of cupric ions from a copper wire. Immediately after the insertion, a burst release of copper ions occurs, which may be associated to a variety of side effects. 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) and pterin (PT) have been proposed as corrosion inhibitors to reduce this harmful release. Pretreatments with 1 × 10(-4) M 6-MP and 1 × 10(-4) M PT solutions with 1h and 3h immersion times were tested. Conventional electrochemical techniques, EDX and XPS analysis, and cytotoxicity assays with HeLa cell line were employed to investigate the corrosion behavior and biocompatibility of copper with and without treatments. Results showed that copper samples treated with PT and 6-MP solutions for 3 and 1 h, respectively, are more biocompatible than those without treatment. Besides, the treatment reduces the burst release effect of copper in simulated uterine solutions during the first week after the insertion. It was concluded that PT and 6-MP treatments are promising strategies able to reduce the side effects related to the "burst release" of copper-based IUD without altering the contraceptive action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Alvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA, CCT La Plata -CONICET), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CC 16, Suc. 4 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
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Quiroga Argañaraz MP, Ribotta SB, Folquer ME, Benítez G, Rubert A, Gassa LM, Vela ME, Salvarezza RC. The electrochemistry of nanostructured Ni–W alloys. J Solid State Electrochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-012-1965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pensa E, Cortés E, Corthey G, Carro P, Vericat C, Fonticelli MH, Benítez G, Rubert AA, Salvarezza RC. The chemistry of the sulfur-gold interface: in search of a unified model. Acc Chem Res 2012; 45:1183-92. [PMID: 22444437 DOI: 10.1021/ar200260p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, self-assembled molecular films on solid surfaces have attracted widespread interest as an intellectual and technological challenge to chemists, physicists, materials scientists, and biologists. A variety of technological applications of nanotechnology rely on the possibility of controlling topological, chemical, and functional features at the molecular level. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) composed of chemisorbed species represent fundamental building blocks for creating complex structures by a bottom-up approach. These materials take advantage of the flexibility of organic and supramolecular chemistry to generate synthetic surfaces with well-defined chemical and physical properties. These films already serve as structural or functional parts of sensors, biosensors, drug-delivery systems, molecular electronic devices, protecting capping for nanostructures, and coatings for corrosion protection and tribological applications. Thiol SAMs on gold are the most popular molecular films because the resulting oxide-free, clean, flat surfaces can be easily modified both in the gas phase and in liquid media under ambient conditions. In particular, researchers have extensively studied SAMs on Au(111) because they serve as model systems to understand the basic aspects of the self-assembly of organic molecules on well-defined metal surfaces. Also, great interest has arisen in the surface structure of thiol-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) because of simple synthesis methods that produce highly monodisperse particles with controllable size and a high surface/volume ratio. These features make AuNPs very attractive for technological applications in fields ranging from medicine to heterogeneous catalysis. In many applications, the structure and chemistry of the sulfur-gold interface become crucial since they control the system properties. Therefore, many researchers have focused on understanding of the nature of this interface on both planar and nanoparticle thiol-covered surfaces. However, despite the considerable theoretical and experimental efforts made using various sophisticated techniques, the structure and chemical composition of the sulfur-gold interface at the atomic level remains elusive. In particular, the search for a unified model of the chemistry of the S-Au interface illustrates the difficulty of determining the surface chemistry at the nanoscale. This Account provides a state-of-the-art analysis of this problem and raises some questions that deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelina Pensa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Emiliano Cortés
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gastón Corthey
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pilar Carro
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carolina Vericat
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mariano H. Fonticelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Benítez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Aldo A. Rubert
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Roberto C. Salvarezza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
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Argañaraz MQ, Ribotta S, Folquer M, Zelaya E, Llorente C, Ramallo-López J, Benítez G, Rubert A, Gassa L, Vela M, Salvarezza R. The chemistry and structure of nickel–tungsten coatings obtained by pulse galvanostatic electrodeposition. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.03.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ramírez EA, Cortés E, Rubert AA, Carro P, Benítez G, Vela ME, Salvarezza RC. Complex surface chemistry of 4-mercaptopyridine self-assembled monolayers on Au(111). Langmuir 2012; 28:6839-6847. [PMID: 22497438 DOI: 10.1021/la204951u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of 4-mercaptopyridine on Au(111) from aqueous or ethanolic solutions is studied by different surface characterization techniques and density functional theory calculations (DFT) including van der Waals interactions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical data indicate that self-assembly from 4-mercaptopyridine-containing aqueous 0.1 M NaOH solutions for short immersion times (few minutes) results in a 4-mercaptopyridine (PyS) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) with surface coverage 0.2. Scanning tunneling microscopy images show an island-covered Au surface. The increase in the immersion time from minutes to hours results in a complete SAM degradation yielding adsorbed sulfur and a heavily pitted Au surface. Adsorbed sulfur is also the main product when the self-assembly process is made in ethanolic solutions irrespective of the immersion time. We demonstrate for the first time that a surface reaction is involved in PyS SAM decomposition in ethanol, a surface process not favored in water. DFT calculations suggest that the surface reaction takes place via disulfide formation driven by the higher stability of the S-Au(111) system. Other reactions that contribute to sulfidization are also detected and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
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Benítez G, González-Tejero MR, Molero-Mesa J. Knowledge of ethnoveterinary medicine in the Province of Granada, Andalusia, Spain. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 139:429-39. [PMID: 22155471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This paper constitutes an important contribution to the knowledge of biological resources used in ethnoveterinary practices (EVPs) in southern Europe, a territory with a clear lack of information on the subject. AIM OF THE STUDY To catalogue, analyze, and disseminate the knowledge of plant and animal use in ethnoveterinary practices in the province of Granada. Data have been analyzed to highlight the similarities between ethnoveterinary practices and human ethnopharmacology for the same study area. METHODOLOGY Information was gathered through open and semi-structured interviews with local people, mainly elderly shepherds and farmers, in the western part of the province. The primary data have been supplemented with information on EVPs from previous ethnobotanical works for the province. Data were gathered using the same field methods. RESULTS A total of 88 ethnoveterinary uses are documented for the treatment of 24 animal conditions. Of these, 82 uses involve 60 different plant species. Over three-quarters of these plants are also used for some human conditions in the same study area. Moreover, 6 animal species were catalogued for 6 other ethnoveterinary uses; four of these species were also used for similar conditions in humans. Ritual and health-prevention practices are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS EVPs in southern Spain involve a high number of species and conditions and are strongly linked to folk tradition (i.e. how local people understand certain conditions and their treatment, sometimes in a ritual manner). Unfortunately, some evidence of their slow disappearance has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Benítez
- European University of Madrid, Biomedical Sciences Department, Madrid, Spain.
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Benítez G. Animals used for medicinal and magico-religious purposes in western Granada Province, Andalusia (Spain). J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 137:1113-23. [PMID: 21801827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This paper serves to document and make known the folk medicinal uses of animals and animal products in the western part of the province of Granada (Andalusia, Spain), analyzing not only the species used, the administration methods and the ailments treated, but also the cultural implications of this traditional knowledge and the large percentage of magico-religious or ritual practices. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information was gathered through semi-structured open interviews of a total of 42 people, as a part of an in-deep ethnobiological research in 16 different municipalities within the study area. The use-value index was calculated for highlighting the most important species for the population. RESULTS In this part of Granada, 26 different animals have been employed in the treatment of 26 conditions from 10 different pathological groups, amounting 150 total reports (7% of the total ones including plant and animal medicinal resources). Although some of the uses were included in several classical and anthropological works, most remain unpublished. Cultural and environmental implications are discussed. CONCLUSIONS The traditional use of animals in medicine is low known for southern Europe. 26 species constitute a significant number of animals used, considering the socio-economic and cultural context in which the study area is situated, and its small size. Albeit the main part of the information presented in this paper can be more important in an historical or anthropological standpoint, most of the medicinal resources presented have not been deeply studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Benítez
- Department of Botany, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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Argañaraz MQ, Ribotta S, Folquer M, Gassa L, Benítez G, Vela M, Salvarezza R. Ni–W coatings electrodeposited on carbon steel: Chemical composition, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.04.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pensa E, Carro P, Rubert AA, Benítez G, Vericat C, Salvarezza RC. Thiol with an unusual adsorption-desorption behavior: 6-mercaptopurine on Au(111). Langmuir 2010; 26:17068-17074. [PMID: 20949962 DOI: 10.1021/la102441b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A multitechnique study of 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) adsorption on Au(111) is presented. The molecule adsorbs on Au(111), originating short-range ordered domains and irregular nanosized aggregates with a total surface coverage by chemisorbed species smaller than those found for alkanethiol SAMs, as derived from scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and electrochemical results. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results show the presence of a thiolate bond, whereas density functional theory (DFT) data indicate strong chemisorption via a S-Au bond and additional binding to the surface via a N-Au bond. From DFT data, the positive charge on the Au topmost surface atoms is markedly smaller than that found for Au atoms in alkanethiolate SAMs. The adsorption of 6MP originates Au atom removal from step edges but no vacancy island formation at (111) terraces. The small coverage of Au islands after 6MP desorption strongly suggests the presence of only a small population of Au adatom-thiolate complexes. We propose that the absence of the Au-S interface reconstruction results from the lack of significant repulsive forces acting at the Au surface atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pensa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
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Benítez G, González-Tejero MR, Molero-Mesa J. Pharmaceutical ethnobotany in the western part of Granada province (southern Spain): ethnopharmacological synthesis. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 129:87-105. [PMID: 20226847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 02/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this work is to catalogue, document, and make known the uses of plants for folk medicine in the western part of the province of Granada (southern Spain). An analysis was made of the species used, parts of the plant employed, preparation methods, administration means, and the ailments treated in relation to pathological groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS The work was performed in 16 municipalities within the study zone. The participants were located mainly by questionnaires distributed in public and private centres. The information, gathered through semi-structured open interviews of a total of 279 people, was included in a database for subsequent analysis. A floristic catalogue of the territory was compiled, enabling analyses of the relevance of certain botanical families in popular medicine. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Great diversity was established among medicinal species in the region. A total of 229 species of plants were catalogued for use in human medicine to prevent or treat 100 different health problems covering 14 different pathological groups. The number of references reached 1963. The popular pharmacopoeia of this area relies primarily on plants to treat digestive, respiratory, and circulatory problems, using mainly the soft parts of the plant (leaves and flowers) prepared in simple ways (decoction, infusion). An analysis of the medicinal ritual uses of 34 species and the different symptoms reflected a certain acculturation in relation to ethnobotanical knowledge in the last 20 years. ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The traditional knowledge of plants was shown in relation to medicinal use, reflecting a striking diversity of species and uses, as well as their importance in popular plant therapy in the study zone. These traditions could pave the way for future phytochemical and pharmacological studies and thereby give rise to new medicinal resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Benítez
- Department of Botany, University of Granada, Spain.
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Alborés P, Slep LD, Eberlin LS, Corilo YE, Eberlin MN, Benítez G, Vela ME, Salvarezza RC, Baraldo LM. From Monomers to Geometry-Constrained Molecules: One Step Further Toward Cyanide Bridged Wires. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:11226-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ic901710x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Alborés
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, 3er piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo D. Slep
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, 3er piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Livia S. Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas − UNICAMP Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Yuri E. Corilo
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas − UNICAMP Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Marcos N. Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas − UNICAMP Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Guillermo Benítez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, INIFTA-CONICET-UNLP, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Maria E. Vela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, INIFTA-CONICET-UNLP, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Roberto C. Salvarezza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, INIFTA-CONICET-UNLP, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Luis M. Baraldo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, 3er piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Weber C, Dick L, Benítez G, Vela M, Salvarezza R. Electrochemically induced self-assembly of alkanethiolate adlayers on carbon steel in aqueous solutions. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Grumelli D, Vericat C, Benítez G, Ramallo-López JM, Giovanetti L, Requejo F, Moreno MS, Orive AG, Creus AH, Salvarezza RC. Electrochemical Preparation and Delivery of Melanin-Iron Covered Gold Nanoparticles. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:370-3. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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González Orive A, Dip P, Gimeno Y, Díaz P, Carro P, Hernández Creus A, Benítez G, Schilardi PL, Andrini L, Requejo F, Salvarezza RC. Electrocatalytic and Magnetic Properties of Ultrathin Nanostructured Iron–Melanin Films on Au(111). Chemistry 2007; 13:473-82. [PMID: 17009373 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared ultrathin, nanostructured melanin films on Au(111) by means of electrochemical self-assembly. These films were characterized by using Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, magnetic force microscopy, and electrochemical techniques. Two types of nanostructures are present in the film: melanin nanoparticles and Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles. The melanin nanoparticles contain Fe bonded to oxygen-containing phenolic groups in an octahedral configuration similar to that found in Fe(2)O(3). The inorganic-organic composite exhibits magnetic properties and catalyzes the electroreduction of hydrogen peroxide in alkaline and neutral electrolyte solutions. The electrocatalytic activity depends on the Fe-bound melanin and appears to be similar to that found for Fe-porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro González Orive
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Dos Santos Claro PC, Fonticelli M, Benítez G, Azzaroni O, Schilardi PL, Luque NB, Leiva E, Salvarezza RC. Silver electrodeposition on nanostructured gold: from nanodots to nanoripples. Nanotechnology 2006; 17:3428-3435. [PMID: 19661586 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/17/14/014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanodots and nanoripples have been grown on nanocavity-patterned polycrystalline Au templates by controlled electrodeposition. The initial step is the growth of a first continuous Ag monolayer followed by preferential deposition at nanocavities. The Ag-coated nanocavities act as preferred sites for instantaneous nucleation and growth of the three-dimensional metallic centres. By controlling the amount of deposited Ag, dots of approximately 50 nm average size and approximately 4 nm average height can be grown with spatial and size distributions dictated by the template. The dots are in a metastable state. Further Ag deposition drives the dot surface structure to nanoripple formation. Results show that electrodeposition on nanopatterned electrodes can be used to prepare a high density of nanostructures with a narrow size distribution and spatial order.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Dos Santos Claro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
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Bengió S, Fonticelli M, Benítez G, Creus AH, Carro P, Ascolani H, Zampieri G, Blum B, Salvarezza RC. Electrochemical Self-Assembly of Alkanethiolate Molecules on Ni(111) and Polycrystalline Ni Surfaces. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:23450-60. [PMID: 16375318 DOI: 10.1021/jp052915b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the electrochemical formation of alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Ni(111) and polycrystalline Ni surfaces from alkanethiol-containing aqueous 1 M NaOH solutions was studied by combining Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemical techniques, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Results show that alkanethiolates adsorb on Ni concurrent with NiO electroreduction. The resulting surface coverage depends on the applied potential and hydrocarbon chain length. Electrochemical and XPS data reveal that alkanethiolate electroadsorption at room temperature takes place without S-C bond scission, in contrast to previous results from gas-phase adsorption. A complete and dense monolayer, which is stable even at very high cathodic potentials (-1.5 V vs SCE), is formed for dodecanethiol. DFT calculations show that the greater stability against electrodesorption found for alkanethiolate SAMs on Ni, with respect to SAMs on Au, is somewhat related to the larger alkanethiolate adsorption energy but is mainly due to the larger barrier to interfacial electron transfer present in alkanethiolate-covered Ni. A direct consequence of this work is the possibility of using electrochemical self-assembly as a straightforward route to build stable SAMs of long-chained alkanethiolates on Ni surfaces at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Bengió
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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Díaz P, Gimeno Y, Carro P, González S, Schilardi PL, Benítez G, Salvarezza RC, Creus AH. Electrochemical self-assembly of melanin films on gold. Langmuir 2005; 21:5924-30. [PMID: 15952843 DOI: 10.1021/la0469755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical method for self-assembling melanin films on the Au(111) surface from melanin aggregates in alkaline media is reported. Electrochemical data combined with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), atomic force microscopy, and Auger electron spectoscopy show that the amount and structure of the deposited melanin film depend on the potential (E) applied to the electrochemical interface and deposition time. Film formation takes place at a noticeable rate at E = -1.0 V (vs SCE). High-resolution STM images at the early stages of growth show small particles, 5-8 nm in size and 0.3-0.4 nm in height, forming ordered arrays that follow closely the Au(111) topography. The size of the melanin particles increases as the film thickness increases, reaching 150 nm for deposits grown for 16 h. The deposited films are electrochemically active, showing well-defined redox couples preceding the hydrogen evolution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Díaz
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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41
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Auger MA, Schilardi PL, Caretti I, Sánchez O, Benítez G, Albella JM, Gago R, Fonticelli M, Vázquez L, Salvarezza RC, Azzaroni O. Molding and replication of ceramic surfaces with nanoscale resolution. Small 2005; 1:300-9. [PMID: 17193446 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200400073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The design of reproducible and more efficient nanofabrication routes has become a very active research field in recent years. In particular, the development of new methods for micro- and nanopatterning materials surfaces has attracted the attention of many researchers in industry and academia as a consequence of the growing relevance of patterned surfaces in many technological fields, ranging from optoelectronics to biotechnology. In this work we explore, discuss, and demonstrate the possibility of extending the well-known molding and replication strategy for patterning ceramic materials with nanoscale resolution. To achieve this goal we have combined physical deposition methods, molecule-thick anti-sticking coatings, and nanostructured substrates as master surfaces. This new perspective on an "old technology", as molding is, provides an interesting alternative for high-resolution, direct surface-relief patterning of materials that currently requires expensive and time-consuming lithographic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Auger
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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42
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Benítez G, Vericat C, Tanco S, Remes Lenicov F, Castez MF, Vela ME, Salvarezza RC. Role of surface heterogeneity and molecular interactions in the charge-transfer process through self-assembled thiolate monolayers on Au(111). Langmuir 2004; 20:5030-7. [PMID: 15984265 DOI: 10.1021/la036440w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study of charge-transfer processes from/to methyl-terminated and carboxylate-terminated thiolate-covered Au(111) surfaces to/from immobilized methylene blue (MB) molecules is presented. Scanning tunneling microscopy images with molecular resolution reveal the presence of molecular-sized defects, missing rows, and crystalline domains with different tilts that turn the thickness of the alkanethiolate SAM (the spacer) uncertain. The degree of surface heterogeneity at the SAMs increases as the number of C units (n) in the hydrocarbon chain decreases from n = 6. Defective regions act as preferred paths for MB incorporation into the methyl-terminated SAMs, driven by hydrophobic forces. The presence of negative-charged terminal groups at the SAMs reduces the number of molecules that can be incorporated, immobilizing them at the outer plane of the monolayer. Only MB molecules incorporated into the SAMs close to the Au(111) surface (at a distance < 0.5 nm) are electrochemically active. MB molecules trapped in different defects explain the broad shape and humps observed in the voltammogram of the redox couple. The heterogeneous charge-transfer rate constants for MB immobilized into methyl-terminated thiolate SAMs are higher than those estimated for carboxylate- terminated SAMs, suggesting a different orientation of the immobilized molecule in the thiolate environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Benítez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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Fonticelli M, Azzaroni O, Benítez G, Martins ME, Carro P, Salvarezza RC. Molecular Self-Assembly on Ultrathin Metallic Surfaces: Alkanethiolate Monolayers on Ag(1 × 1)−Au(111). J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0359384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Fonticelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La PlataCONICET, Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16 (1900) La Plata, Argentina, and Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - O. Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La PlataCONICET, Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16 (1900) La Plata, Argentina, and Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - G. Benítez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La PlataCONICET, Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16 (1900) La Plata, Argentina, and Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M. E. Martins
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La PlataCONICET, Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16 (1900) La Plata, Argentina, and Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - P. Carro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La PlataCONICET, Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16 (1900) La Plata, Argentina, and Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - R. C. Salvarezza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La PlataCONICET, Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16 (1900) La Plata, Argentina, and Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Azzaroni O, Vela ME, Fonticelli M, Benítez G, Carro P, Blum B, Salvarezza RC. Electrodesorption Potentials of Self-Assembled Alkanethiolate Monolayers on Copper Electrodes. An Experimental and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp036319y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina, and Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M. E. Vela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina, and Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M. Fonticelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina, and Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - G. Benítez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina, and Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - P. Carro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina, and Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - B. Blum
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina, and Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - R. C. Salvarezza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina, and Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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López-Carreño LD, Benítez G, Viscido L, Heras JM, Yubero F, Espinós JP, González-Elipe AR. Oxidation of molybdenum surfaces by reactive oxygen plasma and O2+ bombardment: an auger and XPS study. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9918(199804)26:4<235::aid-sia360>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Trujillo H, Harry N, Arango A, Benítez G, Restrepo F, Mejía GI, Castrillón AL. Aztreonam in the treatment of aerobic, gram-negative bacillary infections in pediatric patients. Chemotherapy 1989; 35 Suppl 1:25-30. [PMID: 2731447 DOI: 10.1159/000238717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aztreonam was administered to 20 children diagnosed as having any of the following infections: urinary tract infection, pneumonia, meningitis, and abscess of the appendix. Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of aztreonam for these bacteria ranged from 0.03 to 0.5 micrograms/ml. All patients were clinically and bacteriologically cured within 5-16 days of treatment. Six months after completion of therapy, patients who had had meningitis appeared to be free of any neurologic sequelae. The antibiotic was well tolerated by all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Trujillo
- Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellin, Colombia
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47
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Benítez G, Meza I, Crippa M. Translation "in vitro" of globin mRNA from Xenopus laevis. Cell Biol Int Rep 1978; 2:245-50. [PMID: 566631 DOI: 10.1016/0309-1651(78)90004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RNA isolated from Xenopus laevis reticulocytes and characterized as globin mRNA (Meza et al., 1978) was tested for its capacity to stimulate "in vitro" a wheat germ translation system, and the ability to synthesize a polypeptide. The latter was identified as globin by its electrophoretic mobility and immunoprecipitation with antiglobin antibody.
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Morales ME, Lópex J, Benítez G. [Premature rupture of the membranes. Analysis of neonatal infection]. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 1977; 34:369-81. [PMID: 557327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The study included 65 pregnant women with PRM and of 23 (control group) without PRM or infection. Out of the products from PRM, infection appeared in 13.2% and from the control group in 4.2% (p less than 0.001). No differences were found among frequency of infection and the various periods of latency of PRM, nor with the route from which the product was obtained. The overall mortality was 5.8% for the group studied and cero for the control group (p greater than 0.05) and was shown to be more related with prematurity than with the latent period of PRM. With these experiences, the prophylactic use of antibiotics is not justified in the newborn from mother with PRM.
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