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Acosta F, Martínez-Lirola M, Sola-Campoy PJ, Sicilia J, Guerra-Galán T, Maus SR, Muñoz P, Pérez-Lago L, García de Viedma D. Insights into the Complexity of a Dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cluster Once Transmission Is Resumed. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0138121. [PMID: 35044196 PMCID: PMC8768656 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01381-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotyping tools help identify the complexity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission clusters. We carried out a thorough analysis of the epidemiological and bacteriological complexity of a cluster in Almería, Spain. The cluster, initially associated with Moroccan migrants and with no secondary cases identified in 4 years, then reappeared in Spanish-born individuals. In one case, two Mycobacterium tuberculosis clonal variants were identified. We reanalyzed the cluster, supported by the characterization of multiple cultured isolates and respiratory specimens, whole-genome sequencing, and epidemiological case interviews. Our findings showed that the cluster, which was initially thought to have restarted activity with just a single case harboring a small degree of within-host diversity, was in fact currently growing due to coincidental reactivation of past exposures, with clonal diversity transmitted throughout the cluster. In one case, within-host diversity was amplified, probably due to prolonged diagnostic delay. IMPORTANCE The precise study of the dynamics of tuberculosis transmission in socio-epidemiologically complex scenarios may require more thorough analysis than the standard molecular epidemiology strategies. Our study illustrates the epidemiological and bacteriological complexity present in a transmission cluster in a challenging epidemiological setting with a high proportion of migrant cases. The combination of whole-genome sequencing, refined and refocused epidemiological interviews, and in-depth analysis of the bacterial composition of sputa and cultured isolates was crucial in order to correctly reinterpret the true nature of this cluster. Our global approach allowed us to reinterpret correctly the unnoticed epidemiological and bacteriological complexity involved in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission event under study, which had been overlooked by the usual molecular epidemiology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fermin Acosta
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pedro J. Sola-Campoy
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jon Sicilia
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Guerra-Galán
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra R. Maus
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Pérez-Lago
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Darío García de Viedma
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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Muñoz-Culla M, Roncancio-Clavijo A, Martínez B, Gorostidi-Aicua M, Piñeiro L, Azkune A, Alberro A, Monge-Ruiz J, Castillo-Trivino T, Prada A, Otaegui D. O group is a protective factor for COVID19 in Basque population. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249494. [PMID: 33826662 PMCID: PMC8026022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ABO blood groups have recently been related to COVID19 infection. In the present work, we performed this analysis using data from 412 COVID19 patients and 17796 blood donors, all of them from Gipuzkoa, a region in Northern Spain. The results obtained confirmed this relation, in addition to showing a clear importance of group O as a protective factor in COVID19 disease, with an OR = 0.59 (CI95% 0.481-0.7177, p<0.0001) while A, B and AB are risk factors. ABO blood groups are slightly differently distributed in the populations and therefore these results should be replicated in the specific areas with a proper control population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maider Muñoz-Culla
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Multiple Sclerosis, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Andres Roncancio-Clavijo
- Immunology Department, Donostia University Hospital, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Bruno Martínez
- UGC Laboratories Gipuzkoa, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Miriam Gorostidi-Aicua
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Multiple Sclerosis, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Luis Piñeiro
- Microbiology Department, Donostia University Hospital, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Azkune
- Infectious Disease Department, Donostia University Hospital, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Alberro
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Multiple Sclerosis, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jorge Monge-Ruiz
- Basque Center for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Galdakao, Spain
| | - Tamara Castillo-Trivino
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Multiple Sclerosis, San Sebastián, Spain
- Immunology Department, Donostia University Hospital, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, San Sebastián, Spain
- UGC Laboratories Gipuzkoa, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, San Sebastián, Spain
- Microbiology Department, Donostia University Hospital, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, San Sebastián, Spain
- Infectious Disease Department, Donostia University Hospital, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, San Sebastián, Spain
- Basque Center for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Galdakao, Spain
- Neurology Department, Donostia University Hospital, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alvaro Prada
- Immunology Department, Donostia University Hospital, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - David Otaegui
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Multiple Sclerosis, San Sebastián, Spain
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Beltrán-Velasco AI, Bellido-Esteban A, Ruisoto-Palomera P, Mendoza KH, Clemente-Suárez VJ. The Effect of Cultural Differences in Psychophysiological Stress Response in High Education Context: A Pilot Study. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2020; 45:23-29. [PMID: 31612295 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-019-09452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The simulation scenarios are increasingly being used to assess professional competences in health sciences at university level. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of differences in the stress psychophysiological response of Psychology degree students from Spain and Colombia undergoing to clinical practice. Multiple psychophysiological measures were obtained in a sample of 25 Colombian and Spanish Psychology students undergoing to simulation scenario. Differences in the initial level of stress and habituation process as reported by self-reported and psychophysiological measurements as discussed. Differences in stress-related psychological traits are also analyzed and further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pablo Ruisoto-Palomera
- Department of Basic Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ketty Herrera Mendoza
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Applied Psychophysiological Research Group, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Faculty of Sports Science, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia.
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Abstract
This study closely examines 51 breast cancer narratives Latina and Spanish women wrote for other patients to illuminate how they conceptualize their health, with insights for addressing health disparities. Using discourse analysis of the role of language and culture in health care communication, this study focuses on the use of metaphors in the narratives. This provides revelations about the cultural and linguistic aspects of how the writers conceptualize their disease. Building on past research on metaphor use in cancer discourse in the English language, this study reveals the prevalence of metaphors comparing cancer to combat, or more generally, violence (e.g., "my battle against cancer"), or a journey (e.g., "my path with cancer"). Writers used this metaphorical language to offer advice to others with cancer and to mark their membership in a larger community of people with cancer. We also find that Spanish women use metaphors more frequently than Latinas and that they differed in their metaphorical portrayals of cancer. This research uncovers culturally embedded themes that are central to how women with cancer think about the disease, such as the prominence of spirituality in Latinas' metaphorical constructions, a pattern not evident in Spanish women's narratives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Magaña
- Department of Literature, Languages & Cultures, School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Arts, University of California
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Sandberg JG, Rodríguez-González M, Pereyra S, Lybbert R, Perez L, Willis K. The Experience of Learning EFT in Spanish-speaking Countries: A Multi-National Replication Study. J Marital Fam Ther 2020; 46:256-271. [PMID: 31081971 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study is a multi-national follow-up to the original (Sandberg and Knestel (2011) Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 37, 393-410) article on the process of learning Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy (EFT). A total of 102 clinicians from nine Spanish-speaking countries (Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Spain, Colombia, Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, and El Salvador) participated in the study. A comparison of results across the two studies revealed more similarities than differences. However, a few notable differences emerged from responses to qualitative questions, namely a heightened sense of appreciation for and resonance with the focus on core emotion in EFT and less frequent reports of difficulty learning and adapting to the model among Spanish-speaking therapists. These differences were consistent with common cultural values and forms of expression in Latin America and Spain. Results are discussed in terms of training, supervision, and future research as well.
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Heaslip V, Vanceulebroeck V, Kalkan I, Kömürcü N, Solanas IA. Student nurse perceptions of Gypsy Roma Travellers; A European qualitative study. Nurse Educ Today 2019; 82:1-7. [PMID: 31408833 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gypsy Roma Travellers are Europe's largest ethnic minority group. Yet they remain one of the most stigmatised communities who have significant health inequalities. Whilst nurses have a role in promoting health access, there have been minimal studies exploring health care professionals' attitudes towards these communities and no studies exploring nursing students' perceptions. OBJECTIVES To explore nursing students understanding, knowledge and perceptions of working with Gypsy Roma Travellers. PARTICIPANTS 23 nursing students from across four European countries (UK, Spain, Belgium, Turkey) participated in the study. The students ages ranged between 19 and 32 year old, there was a mix of students between year one to year three of their programme and both male (n = 3) and female students (n = 19). METHODS This qualitative research utilised focus groups and one to one interviews based at the four different universities, all following a pre-agreed interview schedule. Focus groups and interviews were conducted by the research team in the students' first language and later translated into English for analysis using thematic analysis. The COREQ criteria were used in the reporting of the study. RESULTS Four themes were identified which included: Exposure to Gypsy Roma Traveller Communities, Perceptions of Gypsy Roma Traveller cultures, Unhealthy lifestyles and culture and Nursing Gypsy Roma Travellers. CONCLUSIONS Although personal and professional contact with Gypsy Roma Travellers was limited, most of the students' perceptions of these communities were negative. Nurse educational programmes need to embed transformational learning opportunities enabling student nurses to critically reflect upon values and beliefs of Gypsy Roma Travellers developed both before and during their nursing preparatory programme if they are to work effectively in a respectful, culturally sensitive way. There is also generally, a lack of research focussing upon healthcare professionals' attitudes towards these communities that needs to be explored through further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Heaslip
- Department of Nursing Bournemouth University, United Kingdom; Associate Professor Department of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Norway.
| | | | - Indrani Kalkan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Aydin University, Turkey.
| | - Nuran Kömürcü
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Aydin University, Turkey.
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Olabarrieta-Landa L, Benito-Sánchez I, Alegret M, Gailhajanet A, Landa Torre E, López-Mugartza JC, Arango-Lasprilla JC. Letter Verbal Fluency in Spanish-, Basque-, and Catalan-Speaking Individuals: Does the Selection of the Letters Influence the Outcome? J Speech Lang Hear Res 2019; 62:2400-2410. [PMID: 31216206 DOI: 10.1044/2019_jslhr-l-18-0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to compare Basque and Catalan bilinguals' performance on the letter verbal fluency test and determine whether significant differences are present depending on the letters used and the language of administration. Method The sample consisted of 87 Spanish monolinguals, 139 Basque bilinguals, and 130 Catalan bilinguals from Spain. Participants completed the letter verbal fluency test using the letters F, A, S, M, R, P, and E. Results Bilinguals scored higher on the letter verbal fluency test when they were tested in Spanish than in Basque or Catalan. No performance differences were found according to native language or dialects within Basque participants. Catalans with Spanish as their native language scored lower on the letter F compared to those who grew up speaking Catalan and Spanish. The suggested letters to use with Basque speakers are A, E, and B; the suggested letters to use with Catalan speakers are P, F, and M; and the suggested letters to use with Spanish speakers are M, R, and P. Conclusion Selecting appropriate stimuli depending on the language of testing is the first crucial step to assess verbal fluency and thus possible frontal lobe functioning impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Itziar Benito-Sánchez
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
- Biomedical Research Doctorate Program, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Montserrat Alegret
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Gailhajanet
- Alzheimer Center Educational, Day Care Centers of Fundació ACE, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Landa Torre
- Department of Philology and Didactics of the Language, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Juan Carlos Arango-Lasprilla
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country (EHU/UOV), Leioa, Spain
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Ribeiro S, Rocha M. Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Counseling in a Community Sexual Health Clinic for Men Who Have Sex with Men in Lisbon, Portugal. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2019; 32:441-447. [PMID: 31292025 DOI: 10.20344/amp.11474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pre-exposure prophylaxis is defined as the use of antiretroviral drugs to prevent HIV acquisition in uninfected individuals. Recognizing the increasing use of informal pre-exposure prophylaxis in Portugal, CheckpointLX, a community clinic targeted to men who have sex with men in Lisbon, Portugal, began offering counselling and follow-up services prior to formal introduction. This study aims to characterize pre-exposure prophylaxis users attending CheckpointLX before formal pre-exposure prophylaxis introduction in Portugal, and those who were referred to pre-exposure prophylaxis in the National Health Service following formal approval of pre-exposure prophylaxis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data was collected by peer counsellors between May 2015 and September 2018 and inserted in a database. Medical care followed the European AIDS Clinical Society recommendations for pre-exposure prophylaxis eligibility, initiation and follow-up. For formal pre-exposure prophylaxis, the General-Directorate for Health's Pre-exposure Prophylaxis guidelines checklist was used. RESULTS Until the end of May 2018, CheckpointLX had a total of 90 appointments for wild pre-exposure prophylaxis, of which 64 (71%) were first time visits. As for the 380 service users referred to the National Health Service, most were Portuguese (n = 318, 84%), and the mean age was 31 (8.9) years old. Condomless sex in the last six months with partners of unknown HIV status was the most common eligibility criteria (n = 59, 83%). DISCUSSION Pre-exposure prophylaxis delivery should be complemented with effective information on the importance of immunization and education on safer practices of drug administration, in the scope of broader preventive sexual health care. CONCLUSION Much remains to be done in Portugal to ensure that pre-exposure prophylaxis is available to those who need it the most. Offering pre-exposure prophylaxis at community clinics could be a first step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ribeiro
- Department of International Health. Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI). Maastricht University. Maastricht. The Netherlands; Grupo de Ativistas em Tratamentos. Lisbon. Portugal
| | - Miguel Rocha
- CheckpointLX. Grupo de Ativistas em Tratamentos. Lisbon. Portugal
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Rodríguez Sala-y Muro ML, Ramírez-Martín SM. [Life trajectories of two Spanish physicians in the first third of the 19th century in Mexico]. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2019; 57:191-200. [PMID: 31995347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The first thirty years of the 19th century meant for Mexico years of independence, of an armed struggle, and a strong political instability as well. In those days Mexican society faced personal concerns, and collective problems, and the Spanish Peninsular had to make decisions in the presence of the independence movement. Those who did not accept this movement and fought against it, decided, in some cases, to voluntarily leave their second homeland. Others expressed themselves in favor of one or another political stance and faced the banishment. That is the case of two Spanish physicians: one of them, after expressing himself openly in his writings against the insurrection, accepted that the movement was irreversible and that the only solution to his stance was abandoning Mexico voluntarily. The other was forced into exile due to his ideology. In this article we studied their parallel paths, and we were aware that their life trajectories, by definition, never intersected. They never run into each other during their Mexican stay, but they agreed in the support of their ideologies and in their contributions to medicine. The reader will find information on their personal and professional lives, in their Spain before they moved to Mexico, during their stay in this country, and then in their return to their homeland.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Rodríguez Sala-y Muro
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, Estudios de la Educación y la Ciencia. Ciudad de México, México
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Simblett SK, Evans J, Greer B, Curtis H, Matcham F, Radaelli M, Mulero P, Arévalo MJ, Polhemus A, Ferrao J, Gamble P, Comi G, Wykes T. Engaging across dimensions of diversity: A cross-national perspective on mHealth tools for managing relapsing remitting and progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 32:123-132. [PMID: 31125754 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphone apps and wearable devices could augment clinical practice by detecting changes in health status for multiple sclerosis (MS). This study sought to investigate potential barriers and facilitators for uptake and sustained use in (i) people with both relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) and progressive MS (PMS) and (ii) across different countries. METHODS Twenty four participants with MS took part in four focus groups held in three countries (2 in the UK, 1 in Spain, and 1 in Italy) to investigate potential barriers and facilitators for mHealth technology. A systematic thematic analysis was used to extract themes and sub-themes. RESULTS Facilitators and barriers were organised into functional technology-related factors and non-functional health-related and user-related factors. Twelve themes captured all requirements across the three countries for both RRMS and PMS. Key requirements included accommodation for varying physical abilities, providing information and memory aids. Potential negative effects on mood and providing choice and control as part of overcoming practical challenges were identified. CONCLUSIONS We took a cross-national perspective and found many similarities between three European countries across people with RRMS and PMS. Future provision should accommodate the key requirements identified to engage people with MS in scalable mHealth interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Simblett
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
| | - Joanne Evans
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Ben Greer
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Hannah Curtis
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Faith Matcham
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Marta Radaelli
- Neurology services, San Raffaele Hospital MS centre, Milan, Italy
| | - Patricia Mulero
- Centre d´esclerosi multiple de Catalunya, Hospital Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Jesús Arévalo
- Centre d´esclerosi multiple de Catalunya, Hospital Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jose Ferrao
- MSD IT Global Innovation Center, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Gamble
- MSD IT Global Innovation Center, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Neurology services, San Raffaele Hospital MS centre, Milan, Italy
| | - Til Wykes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
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Fregel R, Ordóñez AC, Santana-Cabrera J, Cabrera VM, Velasco-Vázquez J, Alberto V, Moreno-Benítez MA, Delgado-Darias T, Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Hernández JC, Pais J, González-Montelongo R, Lorenzo-Salazar JM, Flores C, Cruz-de-Mercadal MC, Álvarez-Rodríguez N, Shapiro B, Arnay M, Bustamante CD. Mitogenomes illuminate the origin and migration patterns of the indigenous people of the Canary Islands. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209125. [PMID: 30893316 PMCID: PMC6426200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Canary Islands’ indigenous people have been the subject of substantial archaeological, anthropological, linguistic and genetic research pointing to a most probable North African Berber source. However, neither agreement about the exact point of origin nor a model for the indigenous colonization of the islands has been established. To shed light on these questions, we analyzed 48 ancient mitogenomes from 25 archaeological sites from the seven main islands. Most lineages observed in the ancient samples have a Mediterranean distribution, and belong to lineages associated with the Neolithic expansion in the Near East and Europe (T2c, J2a, X3a…). This phylogeographic analysis of Canarian ancient mitogenomes, the first of its kind, shows that some lineages are restricted to Central North Africa (H1cf, J2a2d and T2c1d3), while others have a wider distribution, including both West and Central North Africa, and, in some cases, Europe and the Near East (U6a1a1, U6a7a1, U6b, X3a, U6c1). In addition, we identify four new Canarian-specific lineages (H1e1a9, H4a1e, J2a2d1a and L3b1a12) whose coalescence dates correlate with the estimated time for the colonization of the islands (1st millennia CE). Additionally, we observe an asymmetrical distribution of mtDNA haplogroups in the ancient population, with certain haplogroups appearing more frequently in the islands closer to the continent. This reinforces results based on modern mtDNA and Y-chromosome data, and archaeological evidence suggesting the existence of two distinct migrations. Comparisons between insular populations show that some populations had high genetic diversity, while others were probably affected by genetic drift and/or bottlenecks. In spite of observing interinsular differences in the survival of indigenous lineages, modern populations, with the sole exception of La Gomera, are homogenous across the islands, supporting the theory of extensive human mobility after the European conquest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fregel
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Alejandra C. Ordóñez
- Department of Prehistory, Anthropology and Ancient History, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Vicente M. Cabrera
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Javier Velasco-Vázquez
- Department of Historical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Verónica Alberto
- Tibicena Arqueología y Patrimonio, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | | | - Amelia Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Historical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Pais
- Museo Arqueológico Benahoarita, Los Llanos de Aridane, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Flores
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Granadilla, Spain
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N. S. de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Beth Shapiro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Matilde Arnay
- Department of Prehistory, Anthropology and Ancient History, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Carlos D. Bustamante
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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Debiec H, Dossier C, Letouzé E, Gillies CE, Vivarelli M, Putler RK, Ars E, Jacqz-Aigrain E, Elie V, Colucci M, Debette S, Amouyel P, Elalaoui SC, Sefiani A, Dubois V, Simon T, Kretzler M, Ballarin J, Emma F, Sampson MG, Deschênes G, Ronco P. Transethnic, Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals Immune-Related Risk Alleles and Phenotypic Correlates in Pediatric Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:2000-2013. [PMID: 29903748 PMCID: PMC6050942 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017111185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) is a childhood disease with unclear pathophysiology and genetic architecture. We investigated the genomic basis of SSNS in children recruited in Europe and the biopsy-based North American NEPTUNE cohort.Methods We performed three ancestry-matched, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in 273 children with NS (Children Cohort Nephrosis and Virus [NEPHROVIR] cohort: 132 European, 56 African, and 85 Maghrebian) followed by independent replication in 112 European children, transethnic meta-analysis, and conditional analysis. GWAS alleles were used to perform glomerular cis-expression quantitative trait loci studies in 39 children in the NEPTUNE cohort and epidemiologic studies in GWAS and NEPTUNE (97 children) cohorts.Results Transethnic meta-analysis identified one SSNS-associated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1063348 in the 3' untranslated region of HLA-DQB1 (P=9.3×10-23). Conditional analysis identified two additional independent risk alleles upstream of HLA-DRB1 (rs28366266, P=3.7×10-11) and in the 3' untranslated region of BTNL2 (rs9348883, P=9.4×10-7) within introns of HCG23 and LOC101929163 These three risk alleles were independent of the risk haplotype DRB1*07:01-DQA1*02:01-DQB1*02:02 identified in European patients. Increased burden of risk alleles across independent loci was associated with higher odds of SSNS. Increased burden of risk alleles across independent loci was associated with higher odds of SSNS, with younger age of onset across all cohorts, and with increased odds of complete remission across histologies in NEPTUNE children. rs1063348 associated with decreased glomerular expression of HLA-DRB1, HLA-DRB5, and HLA-DQB1.Conclusions Transethnic GWAS empowered discovery of three independent risk SNPs for pediatric SSNS. Characterization of these SNPs provide an entry for understanding immune dysregulation in NS and introducing a genomically defined classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Debiec
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S 1155, Paris, France
| | | | - Eric Letouzé
- Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, CIC1426, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Christopher E Gillies
- Pediatric Nephrology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Marina Vivarelli
- Nephrology and Dialysis Department, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosemary K Putler
- Pediatric Nephrology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elisabet Ars
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Fundació Puigvert, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain
- Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, CIC1426, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Valery Elie
- Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, CIC1426, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Manuela Colucci
- Nephrology and Dialysis Department, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1219, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- University of Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 RID-AGE, Lille, France
| | - Siham C Elalaoui
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Sefiani
- Human Genomic Center, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie Rabat, Université Mohamed V. Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Valérie Dubois
- Etablissement Français du Sang Rhone-Alpes, Lyon, Rhone-Alpes, France
| | - Tabassome Simon
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Unité de Recherche Clinique, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1148, Paris, France
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
| | - Jose Ballarin
- Department of Nephrology, Fundación Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco Emma
- Pediatric Nephrology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Matthew G Sampson
- Pediatric Nephrology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
| | - Georges Deschênes
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology and
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1149, Unité de Formation et de Recherche de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; and
| | - Pierre Ronco
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S 1155, Paris, France;
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nephrology and Dialysis Department, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
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Benítez G, March-Salas M, Villa-Kamel A, Cháves-Jiménez U, Hernández J, Montes-Osuna N, Moreno-Chocano J, Cariñanos P. The genus Datura L. (Solanaceae) in Mexico and Spain - Ethnobotanical perspective at the interface of medical and illicit uses. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 219:133-151. [PMID: 29551452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The different species of the genus Datura have been used traditionally by some pre-Columbian civilizations, as well as in medieval rituals linked to magic and witchcraft in both Mexico and Europe. It is also noteworthy the use of different alkaloids obtained from the plants for medicinal purposes in the treatment of various groups of diseases, especially of the respiratory and muscularskeletal systems. AIM OF THE STUDY A review of the ethnobotanical uses of the genus Datura in Mexico and Spain has been conducted. We focus on the medicinal and ritualistic uses included in modern ethnobotanical studies, emphasizing the historical knowledge from post-colonial American Codices and medieval European texts. Datura's current social emergency as a drug of recreation and leisure, as well as its link to crimes of sexual abuse is also considered. The work is completed with some notes about the distribution and ecology of the different species and a phytochemical and pharmacological review of Datura alkaloids, necessary to understand their arrival in Europe and the ethnobotanical uses made since then MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review and compilation of information on traditional medicinal uses of the genus has been carried out from the main electronic databases. Traditional volumes (codices) have also been consulted in libraries of different institutions. Consultations have been made with the National Toxicological Services of Spain and Mexico for toxicological data. RESULTS A total of 118 traditional uses were collected in both territories, 111 medicinal ones to be applied in 76 conditions or symptoms included in 13 pathological groups. Although there are particular medicinal uses in the two countries, we found up to 15 similar uses, of which 80% were previously mentioned in post-Colonial American codices. Applications in the treatment of asthma and rheumatism are also highlighted. Apart from medicinal uses, it is worth noting their cultural and social uses, in the case of Mexico relating to diseases such as being scared, astonishment or falling in love, and in the case of Spain, as a recreational drug and lately, for criminal purposes. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the variety of uses traditionally given to the different species in both territories. The fact that most of the coincident or similar uses in both countries also appear in the classical codices can be found an example of the flow, not only of the plants from America to Europe, but also of their associated information. It is also relevant that particular uses have derived in both countries, reflecting the difference in the cultural factors and traditions linked to rituals and cultural practices. Finally, the significant growth of Datura consumption in recent years as a drug of leisure and recreation, as well as in crimes of sexual submission, should be considered as research of maximum relevance in the field of forensic botany and toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Benítez
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Martí March-Salas
- National Museum of Natural Sciences of Madrid (MNCN-CSIC), E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Villa-Kamel
- Ethnobotany Laboratory, National School of Anthropology and History (ENAH), 14030 Mexico , Mexico.
| | - Ulises Cháves-Jiménez
- Ethnobotany Laboratory, National School of Anthropology and History (ENAH), 14030 Mexico , Mexico.
| | - Javier Hernández
- Ethnobotany Laboratory, National School of Anthropology and History (ENAH), 14030 Mexico , Mexico.
| | - Nuria Montes-Osuna
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute of Sustainable Agriculture, Superior Council of Scientific Investigations (CSIC), Campus Alameda del Obispo, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Joaquín Moreno-Chocano
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Paloma Cariñanos
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, E-18071 Granada, Spain; Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
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Andina-Diaz E, Ovalle-Perandones MA, Ramos-Vidal I, Camacho-Morell F, Siles-Gonzalez J, Marques-Sanchez P. Social Network Analysis Applied to a Historical Ethnographic Study Surrounding Home Birth. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E837. [PMID: 29695089 PMCID: PMC5981876 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Safety during birth has improved since hospital delivery became standard practice, but the process has also become increasingly medicalised. Hence, recent years have witnessed a growing interest in home births due to the advantages it offers to mothers and their newborn infants. The aims of the present study were to confirm the transition from a home birth model of care to a scenario in which deliveries began to occur almost exclusively in a hospital setting; to define the social networks surrounding home births; and to determine whether geography exerted any influence on the social networks surrounding home births. Adopting a qualitative approach, we recruited 19 women who had given birth at home in the mid 20th century in a rural area in Spain. We employed a social network analysis method. Our results revealed three essential aspects that remain relevant today: the importance of health professionals in home delivery care, the importance of the mother’s primary network, and the influence of the geographical location of the actors involved in childbirth. All of these factors must be taken into consideration when developing strategies for maternal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Andina-Diaz
- Health Research Group, Welfare and Social and Health Sustainability (SALBIS), Faculty of Health Science, University of León, Vegazana Campus, s/n, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Mª Antonia Ovalle-Perandones
- Library and Information Science Department, Faculty of Humanities, Communication and Documentation, Carlos III University, 28903 Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Ramos-Vidal
- Social Psychology Department, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain.
- School of Social and Human Sciences, Pontifical Bolivarian University, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Francisca Camacho-Morell
- Delivery Room, La Ribera University Hospital, 46600 Alcira, Valencia, Spain.
- Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jose Siles-Gonzalez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Pilar Marques-Sanchez
- Health Research Group, Welfare and Social and Health Sustainability (SALBIS), Faculty of Health Science, University of León, Ponferrada Campus, s/n, 24401 Ponferrada, León, Spain.
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Garnweidner-Holme LM, Lukasse M, Solheim M, Henriksen L. Talking about intimate partner violence in multi-cultural antenatal care: a qualitative study of pregnant women's advice for better communication in South-East Norway. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017; 17:123. [PMID: 28420328 PMCID: PMC5395889 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-017-1308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women constitutes a major public health problem. Antenatal care is considered a window of opportunity to disclose and to communicate about IPV. However, little is known about how women from different ethnic backgrounds wish to communicate about their experiences with IPV during pregnancy in antenatal care. The aim of the present study was to explore how women from different ethnic backgrounds experienced IPV and what their recommendations were about how midwives should communicate about IPV in antenatal care. METHODS Qualitative individual interviews with eight women who had experienced IPV during pregnancy were conducted and analysed using thematic analysis. The participants were purposively recruited from three crisis shelters in South-East Norway. RESULTS The participants either had immigrant backgrounds (n = 5) or were ethnic Norwegians (n = 3). All participants received antenatal care by a midwife. Although none of the participants were asked about IPV during antenatal care, they wished to talk about their experiences. Most participants felt that it would be important for the midwife to make them aware that they were victims of violence. Participants offered different suggestions on how and when midwives should talk about IPV. Facilitators to talk about IPV with the midwife were a good relationship with and the trustworthiness of the midwife, information about possible negative health outcomes for the newborn owing to IPV and knowing that the midwife could help them. The main barriers to talk about IPV with the midwife were that the participants were accompanied by their husbands during antenatal care, fear that the Child Welfare Service would take away their children after disclosure and cultural acceptance of violence. Participants with immigrant backgrounds also experienced difficulties in talking about IPV owing to their limited language skills. They thought that professionally trained interpreters with experience of IPV could overcome this barrier. CONCLUSION Even though none of the participants were asked about IPV in antenatal care, they offered different suggestions on how and when midwives should talk about IPV. Participants irrespective of their ethnical backgrounds perceived antenatal care as a key area to facilitate disclosure of IPV. Midwives' communication and strategic skills to address IPV are crucial for help-seeking women. Training midwives' skills in culture-sensitive communication might help to overcome cultural barriers to talk about violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Maria Garnweidner-Holme
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, St. Olavs Plass, P.O. Box 4, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mirjam Lukasse
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, St. Olavs Plass, P.O. Box 4, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Miriam Solheim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, St. Olavs Plass, P.O. Box 4, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lena Henriksen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, St. Olavs Plass, P.O. Box 4, 0310 Oslo, Norway
- Division of General Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4950, Oslo, 0424 Norway
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Dobado-González R, Garcia-Hiernaux A. Two worlds apart: Determinants of height in late 18th century central Mexico. Econ Hum Biol 2017; 24:153-163. [PMID: 28024175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Anthropometric literature on the American territories of the Hispanic monarchy before their independence is still scarce. We attempt to expand the field with a case study that includes some important novelties. Albeit our main source, the military records of the Censo de Revillagigedo (conducted in the early 1790s), has already been used, the sample size and the geographical scope are unprecedented: 19,390 males of four ethnicities (castizos, españoles, mestizos, and mulatos) aged from 16 to 39 from 24 localities, including towns and villages scattered across central regions of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. We build a database that, complemented with information on resource endowments obtained from other sources, permits to analyze the determinants of height. Our results show the importance of spatial differences as well as the significance of ethnicity, occupation, rurality, age and resource endowments as determinants of height. Unprivileged mulatos are only 0.5cm shorter than, assumedly privileged, españoles in the "first world" (El Bajío) and 1.3cm taller in the "second world" (Eastern Central Highlands). In turn, living in the "first world" implies being between nearly 1.5cm and 5cm taller than the inhabitants of the "second world". Our estimates of physical statures are placed within an international comparative context and offer a relatively "optimistic" picture.
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Cornoldi C, Capodieci A, Colomer Diago C, Miranda A, Shepherd KG. Attitudes of Primary School Teachers in Three Western Countries Toward Learning Disabilities. J Learn Disabil 2016; 51:43-54. [PMID: 27852876 DOI: 10.1177/0022219416678408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, teachers in Western countries have developed beliefs and attitudes related to working with students with specific learning disabilities (LD) that may be critical in shaping their educational practices with them; however, their beliefs and attitudes differ across political and geographical contexts and may be influenced by specific contextual circumstances and national legislation. This study examines these issues by comparing beliefs and attitudes among 557 primary school teachers from specific areas of three countries (Italy, Spain, and the United States). Results from this study support the hypothesis that, in general, teachers in these areas are sufficiently well informed about students with LD and are in favor of policies supporting these students' needs. However, substantial differences emerge among countries about the etiology of LD; teachers' and specialists' roles in managing LD students; intervention planning, inclusion, and compensatory provisions; and the range of emotional attitudes that teachers exhibit. These differences have implications for intervention and suggest that efforts should be made to increase collaboration and promotion of common policies across countries.
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La Parra Casado D, Gil González D, de la Torre Esteve M. The social class gradient in health in Spain and the health status of the Spanish Roma. Ethn Health 2016; 21:468-479. [PMID: 26458079 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2015.1093096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the social class gradient in health in general Spain population and the health status of the Spanish Roma. DESIGN The National Health Survey of Spanish Roma 2006 (sample size = 993 people; average age: 33.6 years; 53.1% women) and the National Health Surveys for Spain 2003 (sample size: 21,650 people; average age: 45.5 years; 51.2% women) and 2006 (sample size: 29,478 people; average age: 46 years; 50.7% women) are compared. Several indicators were chosen: self-perceived health, activity limitation, chronic diseases, hearing and sight problems, caries, and obesity. Analysis was based on age-standardised rates and logistic regression models. RESULTS According to most indicators, Roma's health is worse than that of social class IV-V (manual workers). Some indicators show a remarkable difference between Roma and social class IV-V: experiencing three or more health problems, sight problems, and caries, in both sexes, and hearing problems and obesity, in women. CONCLUSION Roma people are placed on an extreme position on the social gradient in health, a situation of extreme health inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel La Parra Casado
- a Department of Sociology II , Interuniversity Institute of Social Development and Peace (WHO Collaborating Centre on Social Inclusion and Health), University of Alicante , Alicante , Spain
| | - Diana Gil González
- b Public Health Research Group, Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science , University of Alicante , Alicante , Spain
- c CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) , Madrid , Spain
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Patel AP, Patel JA, Cruz M, Gupte-Shah A, Garcia Velasco JA, Banker MR. Ethnicity is an independent predictor of IVF-ICSI outcome: a study of 5,549 cycles in Spain and India. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:819-822. [PMID: 27243388 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2016.1188377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the role of ethnicity on IVF/ICSI outcomes between Indian and white Caucasian women. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. MATERIALS AND METHODS White Caucasian and Indian women undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment cycles. Total 5549 self, non-donor, fresh IVF cycles conducted from January 2014 to March 2015, out of which, 4227 were white Caucasian and 1322 were Indian. Data were collected on baseline characteristics, IVF cycle parameters and outcomes. Ongoing pregnancy rate (OPR) was measured as main outcome. RESULTS Indian women differed significantly from white Caucasian women in baseline characteristics like age (30.6 ± 0.2 versus 37.6 ± 0.1 years; p < 0.001), BMI (22.3 ± 0.2 versus 26.6 ± 1.0 kg/m2; p < 0.05), duration of infertility (6.9 ± 3.0 versus 2.5 ± 0.1 years; p < 0.001) and antral follicle count (AFC) (8.9 ± 0.4 versus 7.5 ± 0.2; p < 0.001). Indian women had lower implantation rate (30.1% versus 39.6%: p < 0.001) and OPR (35.1% versus 41.7%: p < 0.001) compared with white Caucasian women. Regression analysis proved independent effect of ethnicity on OPR (OR 0.944; 95% CI 0.928-0.961: p < 0.001) Conclusions: OPR was significantly lower among Indian ethnic group following IVF/ICSI suggest that ethnicity, like age, is a major and an independent predictor of IVF outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh P Patel
- a Department of Reproductive Medicine , NIF (Nova IVI Fertility) Clinic , Ahmedabad , India and
| | - Jayesh A Patel
- a Department of Reproductive Medicine , NIF (Nova IVI Fertility) Clinic , Ahmedabad , India and
| | - Maria Cruz
- b Department of Reproductive Medicine , IVI (Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Arati Gupte-Shah
- a Department of Reproductive Medicine , NIF (Nova IVI Fertility) Clinic , Ahmedabad , India and
| | - Juan A Garcia Velasco
- b Department of Reproductive Medicine , IVI (Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Manish R Banker
- a Department of Reproductive Medicine , NIF (Nova IVI Fertility) Clinic , Ahmedabad , India and
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Sánchez E, Sabio JM, Callejas JL, de Ramón E, de Haro M, Jiménez-Alonso J, Ortego-Centeno N, Sánchez-Román J, González-Gay MA, López-Nevot MA, González-Escribano MF, Martín J. Study of a functional polymorphism in thep53 gene in systemic lupus erythematosus: lack of replication in a Spanish population. Lupus 2016; 15:658-61. [PMID: 17120592 DOI: 10.1177/0961203306070986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the possible association between the p53 suppressor gene codon 72 polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our study population consisted of 513 SLE patients and 567 healthy controls. All the individuals were of Spanish Caucasian origin. Genotyping of the p53 codon 72 polymorphism was performed by allele-specific PCR. No statistically significant differences were observed between SLE patients and healthy controls when p53 codon 72 genotype and allele frequencies were compared. In addition, no evidence for association with clinical subfeatures of SLE was found. In conclusion, the p53 codon 72 polymorphism associated with SLE in a Korean population does not appear to play a major role in the susceptibility or severity of SLE in the Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sánchez
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
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Recasens D. The Effect of Stress and Speech Rate on Vowel Coarticulation in Catalan Vowel-Consonant-Vowel Sequences. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2015; 58:1407-1424. [PMID: 26106868 DOI: 10.1044/2015_jslhr-s-14-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to ascertain the effect of changes in stress and speech rate on vowel coarticulation in vowel-consonant-vowel sequences. METHOD Data on second formant coarticulatory effects as a function of changing /i/ versus /a/ were collected for five Catalan speakers' productions of vowel-consonant-vowel sequences with the fixed vowels /i/ and /a/ and consonants: the approximant /δ/, the alveolopalatal nasal /ɲ/, and /l/, which in the Catalan language differs in darkness degree according to speaker. RESULTS In agreement with predictions formulated by the degree-of-articulation-constraint model of coarticulation, the size of the vowel coarticulatory effects was inversely related to the degree of articulatory constraint for the consonant, and the direction of those effects was mostly carryover or anticipatory in vowel-consonant-vowel sequences with highly constrained consonants (/ɲ/, dark /l/) and more variable whenever the intervocalic consonant was less constrained (/δ/, clear /l/). Stress and speech-rate variations had an effect on overall vowel duration, second formant frequency, and coarticulation size but not on the consonant-specific patterns of degree and direction of vowel coarticulation. CONCLUSION These results indicate that prosodically induced coarticulatory changes conform to the basic principles of segmental coarticulatory organization.
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Camperio Ciani A, Battaglia U, Liotta M. Societal Norms Rather Than Sexual Orientation Influence Kin Altruism and Avuncularity in Tribal Urak-Lawoi, Italian, and Spanish Adult Males. J Sex Res 2015; 53:137-148. [PMID: 26132515 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2014.993748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Homosexual males could balance their low fitness by increasing benefits to relatives either through kin-directed altruism or by avuncularity (altruistic behavior toward the children of siblings). Evidence in support of kin selection and avuncularity includes the fact that homosexuals seem to be more empathic and altruistic than heterosexuals. Other studies have not confirmed behaviors that increase kin altruism in homosexuals. We explored altruistic behavior and avuncularity in a sample of 278 subjects, either homosexual or heterosexual, from three populations: Italian, Spanish, and Urak-Lawoi, a Southeast Asian tribal population. Among the Urak-Lawoi, the kathoeys, androphilic men who dress and behave as women, were compared with heterosexuals. All populations were rated for societal norms on the expression of affiliative behavior. No greater kin altruism or avuncularity among the kathoeys or in homosexuals in either Mediterranean population was found. Greater avuncularity and kin-directed altruism, independent of sexual orientation, were found among the Urak-Lawoi, and these traits were the least prevalent among the Italians, corresponding to different societal norms. The increase in kin altruism and avuncularity was associated in all males with societal differences and norms on general altruism toward nonkin children, suggesting it is not an adaptive design to maintain homosexuality in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Camperio Ciani
- a Laboratory of Evolutionary Psychology, Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Pedagogy, and Applied Psychology , University of Padova
| | - Umberto Battaglia
- a Laboratory of Evolutionary Psychology, Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Pedagogy, and Applied Psychology , University of Padova
| | - Marina Liotta
- a Laboratory of Evolutionary Psychology, Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Pedagogy, and Applied Psychology , University of Padova
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Hualde JI, Prieto P. Lenition of intervocalic alveolar fricatives in Catalan and Spanish. Phonetica 2014; 71:109-127. [PMID: 25376233 DOI: 10.1159/000368197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We offer an acoustic study of variation in the realization of intervocalic alveolar fricatives in Catalan and Spanish. We consider the effects of phonological inventory (Catalan has a distinction between /s/ and /z/ that Spanish lacks) and position in word (i.e. effects of word boundaries). An analysis of a corpus of Map Task interviews in Catalan and Spanish revealed that Spanish word-medial and initial intervocalic /s/ segments are shorter than in Catalan. Whereas our results are consistent with the predictions of theories incorporating functional principles (i.e. contrast preservation), we also consider other possible explanations of the facts. The analysis also revealed that Spanish word-final intervocalic /s/ segments are weaker along the two dimensions that we examined (duration and voicing) than their initial and medial counterparts. We suggest that this apparently morphological effect on lenition has an articulatory explanation in terms of gestural coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Hualde
- Department of Spanish and Portuguese, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,Urbana, Ill., USA
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Garcia-Subirats I, Vargas I, Sanz B, Malmusi D, Ronda E, Ballesta M, Luisa Vázquez M, I M. Changes in access to health services of the immigrant and native-born population in Spain in the context of economic crisis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2014; 11:10182-201. [PMID: 25272078 PMCID: PMC4210974 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph111010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyze changes in access to health care and its determinants in the immigrant and native-born populations in Spain, before and during the economic crisis. METHODS Comparative analysis of two iterations of the Spanish National Health Survey (2006 and 2012). Outcome variables were: unmet need and use of different healthcare levels; explanatory variables: need, predisposing and enabling factors. Multivariate models were performed (1) to compare outcome variables in each group between years, (2) to compare outcome variables between both groups within each year, and (3) to determine the factors associated with health service use for each group and year. RESULTS unmet healthcare needs decreased in 2012 compared to 2006; the use of health services remained constant, with some changes worth highlighting, such as the decline in general practitioner visits among autochthons and a narrowed gap in specialist visits between the two populations. The factors associated with health service use in 2006 remained constant in 2012. CONCLUSION Access to healthcare did not worsen, possibly due to the fact that, until 2012, the national health system may have cushioned the deterioration of social determinants as a consequence of the financial crisis. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the effects of health policy responses to the crisis after 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Garcia-Subirats
- Health Policy and Health Services Research Group, Health Policy Research Unit, Consorci de Salut i Social de Catalunya, Avenida Tibidabo, 21, Barcelona 08022, Spain.
| | - Ingrid Vargas
- Health Policy and Health Services Research Group, Health Policy Research Unit, Consorci de Salut i Social de Catalunya, Avenida Tibidabo, 21, Barcelona 08022, Spain.
| | - Belén Sanz
- National School of Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avda Monforte de Lemos 5, Pabellón 7, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Davide Malmusi
- Sub-Program on Immigration and Health of the CIBERESP, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Elena Ronda
- Sub-Program on Immigration and Health of the CIBERESP, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Mónica Ballesta
- Sub-Program on Immigration and Health of the CIBERESP, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - María Luisa Vázquez
- Health Policy and Health Services Research Group, Health Policy Research Unit, Consorci de Salut i Social de Catalunya, Avenida Tibidabo, 21, Barcelona 08022, Spain.
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Abstract
In this paper, I contribute to subjective accounts of aging by focusing on a population that has been largely overlooked in social gerontology: individuals in later life who are multilingual. How do such individuals experience and make sense of their multilingualism? What role does language play in the way they experience and make sense of their lives? To answer these questions I take a life story approach to three women who experienced similar sociohistorical circumstances but arrived at different linguistic outcomes: born in Spain around the time of the civil war (1936-1939), they migrated to Paris in the 1960s to pursue social and economic mobility. Although they arrived in France as monolingual Spanish speakers, they have since acquired French and now practice their multilingualism in distinct ways. I juxtapose their life stories to illustrate how the acquisition and use of language are informed by a confluence of personal, social, and historical factors. Focusing on the linguistic dimension of the life course I thus introduce a new perspective on the heterogeneity obtained among individuals at this stage of their biographical trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Divita
- Department of Romance Languages & Literatures, Pomona College, 550 N. Harvard Ave., Claremont, CA 91711, United States.
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Matas M, Picornell A, Cifuentes C, Payeras A, Homar F, González-Candelas F, López-Labrador FX, Moya A, Ramon C, Castro JA. Relating the outcome of HCV infection and different host SNP polymorphisms in a Majorcan population coinfected with HCV-HIV and treated with pegIFN-RBV. Int Microbiol 2014; 17:11-20. [PMID: 25296442 DOI: 10.2436/20.1501.01.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major causes of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and the development of HCV-related disease is accelerated in individuals coinfected with human immunodeficiency-1 virus (HIV). In the present study, we correlated different host single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL28B, CTLA4, LDLr, and HFE genes and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups with the outcome of HCV infection and the response to pegylated-interferon plus ribavirin (pegIFN-RBV) treatment. Our study population consisted of 63 Majorcan patients coinfected with HCV and HIV and 59 anonymous unrelated controls. Whereas the population frequency of IL28B alleles was similar to that found in a North-American cohort of European descent, the frequency of the rs12979860 C allele was lower than that determined in other cohorts from Spain. The frequencies of CTLA4 and LDLr polymorphisms were comparable to those reported in other populations. Significant differences between cases and control cohorts occurred only for the H63D mutation of the HFE gene. There were no other differences in the frequencies of other polymorphisms or mtDNA haplogroups. The IL28B rs12979860 CC genotype was shown to be associated with a rapid virological response, and the spontaneous viral clearance rate for HCV was higher in patients with the CTLA4+49 G allele. There was no relationship between SNPs in the LDLr and HFE genes and mtDNA haplogroups and the response to treatment. Our results suggest that the host genetic background plays a significant role in the pegIFN-RBV response of patients coinfected with HCV and HIV.
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Mullet E, Neto F, Pinto C, Raich RM, Sastre MTM, Sorum PC. The acceptability of ending a patient's life: a France-Portugal-Spain comparison. Death Stud 2014; 38:28-35. [PMID: 24521043 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2012.712607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The views of French, Portuguese, and Spanish people on end-of-life decisions were compared. Two hundred seventy-seven adults from Barcelona, Oporto, and Toulouse judged the acceptability of life-ending procedures in 42 scenarios composed of all combinations of 3 factors: the patient's age (30 or 80 years), the patient's life expectancy (days, weeks, or months), and the type of procedure (suicide, suicide assisted by the physician, euthanasia by the physician at the request of a suffering patient, euthanasia of a comatose patient at the family's request, euthanasia of a comatose patient as stipulated in the patient's advance directives, euthanasia of a comatose patient without advance directions and without a request from the family, or euthanasia of a suffering patient without a request from the patient). In all 3 countries, the type of procedure had the major effect. The 4 procedures implemented by the patient or at the patient's request were, on average, considered acceptable. The 2 procedures not implemented at the patient's request were considered unacceptable. Euthanasia of a comatose patient at the request of the family was judged mildly acceptable. The attitudes of the people in Toulouse, Oporto, and Barcelona concerning the acceptability of ending a patient's life have now largely converged, although Spanish participants were statistically significantly more accepting than French and Portuguese participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Mullet
- a Department of Ethics , Institute of Advanced Studies , Paris , France
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Guerrero EG, Khachikian T, Kim T, Kong Y, Vega WA. Spanish language proficiency among providers and Latino clients' engagement in substance abuse treatment. Addict Behav 2013; 38:2893-7. [PMID: 24045032 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Quality of care, such as provision of services in Spanish, is a common factor believed to improve treatment engagement among Spanish-speaking Latinos in health care. However, there is little evidence that Spanish language proficiency among providers increases treatment access and retention in publicly funded substance abuse treatment. We analyzed client and program data collected in 2010-2011 from publicly funded treatment programs in Los Angeles County, California. An analytic sample of 1903 Latino clients nested within 40 treatment programs located in minority communities was analyzed using multilevel negative binomial regressions on days to initiate and spent in treatment. As hypothesized, Spanish language proficiency was negatively associated with client wait time and positively associated with retention in treatment, after controlling for individual and program characteristics. The path analysis models showed that Spanish language proficiency played a mediating role between professional accreditation and client wait time and retention. These preliminary findings provide an evidentiary base for the role of providers' Spanish language proficiency and Latino engagement in treatment for a population at high risk of treatment dropout. Implications related to health care reform legislation, which seeks to enhance linguistically competent care, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick G Guerrero
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 655 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
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Leurent B, Nazareth I, Bellón-Saameño J, Geerlings MI, Maaroos H, Saldivia S, Svab I, Torres-González F, Xavier M, King M. Spiritual and religious beliefs as risk factors for the onset of major depression: an international cohort study. Psychol Med 2013; 43:2109-2120. [PMID: 23360581 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712003066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported weak associations between religious or spiritual belief and psychological health. However, most have been cross-sectional surveys in the U.S.A., limiting inference about generalizability. An international longitudinal study of incidence of major depression gave us the opportunity to investigate this relationship further. METHOD Data were collected in a prospective cohort study of adult general practice attendees across seven countries. Participants were followed at 6 and 12 months. Spiritual and religious beliefs were assessed using a standardized questionnaire, and DSM-IV diagnosis of major depression was made using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Logistic regression was used to estimate incidence rates and odds ratios (ORs), after multiple imputation of missing data. RESULTS The analyses included 8318 attendees. Of participants reporting a spiritual understanding of life at baseline, 10.5% had an episode of depression in the following year compared to 10.3% of religious participants and 7.0% of the secular group (p<0.001). However, the findings varied significantly across countries, with the difference being significant only in the U.K., where spiritual participants were nearly three times more likely to experience an episode of depression than the secular group [OR 2.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.59–4.68]. The strength of belief also had an effect, with participants with strong belief having twice the risk of participants with weak belief. There was no evidence of religion acting as a buffer to prevent depression after a serious life event. CONCLUSIONS These results do not support the notion that religious and spiritual life views enhance psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Leurent
- Mental Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London Medical School, UK
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30
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Frias-Navarro D, Monterde-I-Bort H, Pascual-Soler M, Badenes-Ribera L. Etiology of homosexuality and attitudes toward same-sex parenting: a randomized study. J Sex Res 2013; 52:151-161. [PMID: 24024528 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2013.802757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Attribution theory suggests the hypothesis that heterosexuals' attitudes toward homosexual sexual orientation will be more negative when homosexuality is attributed to controllable causes. Our randomized study analyzed (a) whether beliefs about the genetic or environmental etiology of the homosexual sexual orientation can be immediately modified by reading a text and (b) the causal effect of attributions about the controllability (environmental etiology) or noncontrollability (genetic etiology) of homosexual sexual orientation on the rejection of same-sex parenting and their social rights. The sample was composed of 190 Spanish university students with a mean age of 22.07 years (SD = 8.46). The results show that beliefs about the etiology of the sexual orientation could be modified by means of a written text. Furthermore, participants who believed that sexual orientation had a genetic etiology showed greater support for social rights and less rejection of same-sex parenting. However, the effects were detected only when there was a traditional opposition to the family with same-sex parenting. When the opposition was normative, the effect was not statistically significant. Our results can be useful in planning variables for intervention programs designed to foster tolerance toward and normality of sexual diversity.
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Guasch-Ferré M, Bulló M, Martínez-González MÁ, Ros E, Corella D, Estruch R, Fitó M, Arós F, Wärnberg J, Fiol M, Lapetra J, Vinyoles E, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V, Basora J, Salas-Salvadó J. Frequency of nut consumption and mortality risk in the PREDIMED nutrition intervention trial. BMC Med 2013; 11:164. [PMID: 23866098 PMCID: PMC3738153 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective studies in non-Mediterranean populations have consistently related increasing nut consumption to lower coronary heart disease mortality. A small protective effect on all-cause and cancer mortality has also been suggested. To examine the association between frequency of nut consumption and mortality in individuals at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a Mediterranean country with a relatively high average nut intake per person. METHODS We evaluated 7,216 men and women aged 55 to 80 years randomized to 1 of 3 interventions (Mediterranean diets supplemented with nuts or olive oil and control diet) in the PREDIMED ('PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea') study. Nut consumption was assessed at baseline and mortality was ascertained by medical records and linkage to the National Death Index. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression and multivariable analyses with generalized estimating equation models were used to assess the association between yearly repeated measurements of nut consumption and mortality. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 4.8 years, 323 total deaths, 81 cardiovascular deaths and 130 cancer deaths occurred. Nut consumption was associated with a significantly reduced risk of all-cause mortality (P for trend<0.05, all). Compared to non-consumers, subjects consuming nuts>3 servings/week (32% of the cohort) had a 39% lower mortality risk (hazard ratio (HR) 0.61; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.83). A similar protective effect against cardiovascular and cancer mortality was observed. Participants allocated to the Mediterranean diet with nuts group who consumed nuts>3 servings/week at baseline had the lowest total mortality risk (HR 0.37; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.66). CONCLUSIONS Increased frequency of nut consumption was associated with a significantly reduced risk of mortality in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.Please see related commentary: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/165. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov. International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 35739639. Registration date: 5 October 2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV (Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV (Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Emilio Ros
- CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, València, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Txagorritxu, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Miquel Fiol
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ernest Vinyoles
- Primary Health Care Division and Research, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josep Basora
- Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV (Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV (Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Carrera-Fernández MV, Lameiras-Fernández M, Rodríguez-Castro Y, Vallejo-Medina P. Spanish adolescents' attitudes toward transpeople: proposal and validation of a short form of the Genderism and Transphobia Scale. J Sex Res 2013; 51:654-666. [PMID: 23767992 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2013.773577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a short form of the Genderism and Transphobia Scale and assess adolescents' attitudes toward transpeople. A total of 800 Spanish adolescents aged between 14 and 18 years (50.70% girls, 49.30% boys) completed the Spanish version of the scale and other related questionnaires. The short form of the scale is composed of 12 items clustered into two factors (Transphobia/Genderism and Gender Bashing) that explain 54.22% of the variance. All the items showed good discriminating power, and the present scale demonstrated adequate reliability and validity. In the study, boys exhibited significantly more negative attitudes toward transpeople than girls did, both in the affective/cognitive dimension (Transphobia/Genderism) and in the behavioral dimension (Gender Bashing). Moreover, adolescents showed significantly more negative attitudes toward gender-nonconforming men than toward gender-nonconforming women. These results are discussed in terms of their relevance to the maintenance of discriminatory attitudes toward sexual diversity.
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Herd W, Jongman A, Sereno J. Perceptual and production training of intervocalic /d, r, r/ in American English learners of Spanish. J Acoust Soc Am 2013; 133:4247-4255. [PMID: 23742375 DOI: 10.1121/1.4802902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effectiveness of three high variability training paradigms in training 42 speakers of American English to correctly perceive and produce Spanish intervocalic /d, r, r/. Since Spanish spirantization and English flapping both affect /d/ intervocalically, the acquisition of the /d/-/r/ contrast proves difficult for English learners of Spanish. The acquisition of the trill /r/ is also problematic because it is a new phoneme for English learners and is articulatorily difficult to produce. Past research reported that high-variability perceptual training improves both perception and production [Bradlow et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 101, 2299-2310 (1997); Wang et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113, 1033-1043 (2003)] and that production training improves both as well [Hirata, Comp. Assisted Lang. Learning 17, 357-376 (2004)]. However, trainees were able to listen to stimuli during production training, making it unclear whether production training alone transfers to perception. This study systematically controls both training modalities so they can be directly compared and introduces a third training methodology that includes both perception and production. All three training paradigms proved effective. While perception and production trainees primarily made gains in perception, combination trainees made gains in production. The effectiveness of each training modality depended on the nature of the contrast being trained and the modality of the test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Herd
- Linguistics Department, University of Kansas, 1541 Lilac Lane, Lawrence, Kansas 66044, USA.
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Yebra G, de Mulder M, Holguín Á. Description of HIV-1 group M molecular epidemiology and drug resistance prevalence in Equatorial Guinea from migrants in Spain. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64293. [PMID: 23717585 PMCID: PMC3661467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The HIV epidemic is increasing in Equatorial Guinea (GQ), West Central Africa, but few studies have reported its HIV molecular epidemiology. We aimed to describe the HIV-1 group M (HIV-1M) variants and drug-resistance mutations in GQ using sequences sampled in this country and in Spain, a frequent destination of Equatoguinean migrants. Methods We collected 195 HIV-1M pol sequences from Equatoguinean subjects attending Spanish clinics during 1997-2011, and 83 additional sequences sampled in GQ in 1997 and 2008 from GenBank. All (n = 278) were re-classified using phylogeny and tested for drug-resistance mutations. To evaluate the origin of CRF02_AG in GQ, we analyzed 2,562 CRF02_AG sequences and applied Bayesian MCMC inference (BEAST program). Results Most Equatoguinean patients recruited in Spain were women (61.1%) or heterosexuals (87.7%). In the 278 sequences, the variants found were CRF02_AG (47.8%), A (13.7%), B (7.2%), C (5.8%), G (5.4%) and others (20.1%). We found 6 CRF02_AG clusters emerged from 1983.9 to 2002.5 with origin in GQ (5.5 sequences/cluster). Transmitted drug-resistance (TDR) rate among naïve patients attended in Spain (n = 144) was 4.7%: 3.4% for PI (all with M46IL), 1.8% for NRTI (all with M184V) and 0.9% for NNRTI (Y188L). Among pre-treated patients, 9/31 (29%) presented any resistance, mainly affecting NNRTI (27.8%). Conclusions We report a low (<5%) TDR rate among naïve, with PI as the most affected class. Pre-treated patients also showed a low drug-resistance prevalence (29%) maybe related to the insufficient treatment coverage in GQ. CRF02_AG was the prevalent HIV-1M variant and entered GQ through independent introductions at least since the early 1980s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Yebra
- HIV-1 Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Dept. of Microbiology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS and CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel de Mulder
- HIV-1 Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Dept. of Microbiology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS and CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - África Holguín
- HIV-1 Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Dept. of Microbiology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS and CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Martinez-Hervas S, Real JT, Priego MA, Carratalá A, Sniderman AD, Carmena R, Ascaso JF. Establishing cut-off values for apolipoprotein B and non-HDL-C according to LDL-C values in a South European population. Int J Clin Pract 2013; 67:81-8. [PMID: 23241052 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2012.02998.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) remains the primary target of therapy in most strategies of dyslipidaemia management focused on cardiovascular disease prevention. Different guidelines have identified specific LDL-C cut-off points as targets for therapeutic intervention. Many clinical situations characterised by dyslipidaemia and elevated triglycerides are common in our environment and in overall industrialised countries. Thus, lipid goals based only on LDL-C could misclassify an important percentage of subjects. The objective of the present study was to establish cut-off point values for apoB and non-HDL-C in relation to the identified LDL-C cut-off points for cardiovascular risk in a South European population. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study including 1501 subjects (770 women and 731 men) between 18 and 80 years of age. Samples were collected after 12-14 h of fasting. Cholesterol, HDL-C, triglycerides and apoB levels were measured using direct methods. LDL-C was calculated by the Friedewald formula. Non-HDL-C was calculated as total cholesterol minus HDL-C. RESULTS The Spearman's rank correlations between apoB and LDL-C (r 0.86, p < 0.0001), and between apoB and non-HDL-C (r 0.91, p < 0.0001) were both significant. The proposed cut-off points for apoB, according to LDL-C goals (70, 100, 130 and 160 mg/dl) in our population are 70, 80, 100 and 115 mg/dl respectively. The proposed cut-off values for non-HDL-C are 100, 120, 150 and 190 mg/dl respectively. CONCLUSION The established LDL-C cut-off values could not be accurate to estimate cardiovascular risk in subjects with mild hypertriglyceridaemia, as frequently occurs in our Mediterranean population. To take into consideration the burden of atherogenic particles and better classify patients at risk we propose cut-off values for apoB or the equivalent for non-HDL-C. Prospective trials including cardiovascular variables are needed to validate our assumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Martinez-Hervas
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona,
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Carranza-Lira S, Quiroz González BN, Alfaro Godinez HC, May Can AM. [Comparison of climacteric symptoms among women in Mexico City and women of a Mayan community of Yucatan]. Ginecol Obstet Mex 2012; 80:644-649. [PMID: 23240227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to compare the climacteric symptoms between women from Mexico City and those from a Mayan community of the state of Yucatan. METHODS In two groups of women, Group I) Spanish-speaking women from Mexico City and Group II) Maya speaking women from the state of Yucatan, 22 climacteric symptoms were evaluated using an analog visual scale (AVS) and the SUMEVA index. For statistical analysis t student test was used as well as Chi squared. RESULTS 105 women, 50 of Mexico City and 55 of Maxcanu, Yucatan were studied. When comparing the groups no difference was found in age (52.5 +/- 6.5 vs 53.7 +/- 6.2, for group I and II respectively), the body mass index was significantly smaller in group I (29.7 +/- 5.0 vs 34.0 +/- 6.0, p < 0.001). In group 1, 15 of the 22 evaluated symptoms were significantly more intense in Group I, as well as the SUMEVA (Sum of Analog Visual Scale) index (71.4 +/- 44.5 vs 45.8 +/- 24.8, p < 0.001). The proportion of symptomatic women for each one of the symptoms was similar in both groups except for hair fall that was significantly greater in group I (74% vs 52%). CONCLUSION climacteric symptoms were perceived with more intensity by Mexico City women, which allows suppose that western culture influence can be the responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Carranza-Lira
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Ginecología y Obstetricia Luís Castelazo Ayala, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, DF.
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van Balkom IDC, Bresnahan M, Vuijk PJ, Hubert J, Susser E, Hoek HW. Paternal age and risk of autism in an ethnically diverse, non-industrialized setting: Aruba. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45090. [PMID: 22984615 PMCID: PMC3439376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to examine paternal age in relation to risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in a setting other than the industrialized west. Design A case-control study of Aruban-born children (1990–2003). Cases (N = 95) were identified at the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, the only such clinic in Aruba; gender and age matched controls (N = 347) were gathered from public health records. Parental age was defined categorically (≤29, 30–39, 40–49, ≥50y). The analysis was made, using conditional logistic regression. Results Advanced paternal age was associated with increased risk of ASDs in offspring. In comparison to the youngest paternal age group (≤29y), risk of autism increased 2.18 times for children born from fathers in their thirties, 2.71 times for fathers in their forties, and 3.22 thereafter. Conclusion This study, part of the first epidemiologic study of autism in the Caribbean, contributes additional evidence, from a distinctive sociocultural setting, of the risk of ASD associated with increased paternal age.
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González-Candelas F, Astray J, Alonso J, Castro A, Cantón R, Galán JC, Garin O, Sáez M, Soldevila N, Baricot M, Castilla J, Godoy P, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Martín V, Mayoral JM, Pumarola T, Quintana JM, Tamames S, Domínguez A. Sociodemographic factors and clinical conditions associated to hospitalization in influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infected patients in Spain, 2009-2010. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33139. [PMID: 22412995 PMCID: PMC3296770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and pandemic spread of a new strain of influenza A (H1N1) virus in 2009 resulted in a serious alarm in clinical and public health services all over the world. One distinguishing feature of this new influenza pandemic was the different profile of hospitalized patients compared to those from traditional seasonal influenza infections. Our goal was to analyze sociodemographic and clinical factors associated to hospitalization following infection by influenza A(H1N1) virus. We report the results of a Spanish nationwide study with laboratory confirmed infection by the new pandemic virus in a case-control design based on hospitalized patients. The main risk factors for hospitalization of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 were determined to be obesity (BMI≥40, with an odds-ratio [OR] 14.27), hematological neoplasia (OR 10.71), chronic heart disease, COPD (OR 5.16) and neurological disease, among the clinical conditions, whereas low education level and some ethnic backgrounds (Gypsies and Amerinds) were the sociodemographic variables found associated to hospitalization. The presence of any clinical condition of moderate risk almost triples the risk of hospitalization (OR 2.88) and high risk conditions raise this value markedly (OR 6.43). The risk of hospitalization increased proportionally when for two (OR 2.08) or for three or more (OR 4.86) risk factors were simultaneously present in the same patient. These findings should be considered when a new influenza virus appears in the human population.
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Chládková K, Escudero P. Comparing vowel perception and production in Spanish and Portuguese: European versus Latin American dialects. J Acoust Soc Am 2012; 131:EL119-EL125. [PMID: 22352610 DOI: 10.1121/1.3674991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent acoustic descriptions have shown that Spanish and Portuguese vowels are produced differently in Europe and Latin America. The present study investigates whether comparable between-variety differences exist in vowel perception. Spanish, Peruvian, Portuguese, and Brazilian listeners were tested in a vowel identification task with stimuli sampled from the whole vowel space. The mean perceived first (F1) and second formant (F2) of every vowel category were compared across varieties. For both languages, perception exhibited the same between-variety differences as production for F1 but not F2, which suggests correspondence between produced F1 and perceived vowel height but not between F2 and frontness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Chládková
- Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication University of Amsterdam, Spuistraat 210, 1012 VT, The Netherlands.
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Godsland S. Writing the male abuser in cultural responses to domestic violence in Spain. Hispania 2012; 95:53-64. [PMID: 22834049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The article analyzes the portrayal of the male perpetrator of heterosexual domestic violence in a selection of contemporary Spanish texts (novel, drama, and autobiography) that form part of a clearly discernible cultural response to the issue of intimate partner violence in Spain today. It reads the figure of the abuser in conjunction with a range of primarily Spanish studies on domestic aggression, with the aim of showing how and why the chosen authors engage with bodies of theory that address battery. The study concludes that some cultural producers devise a strategy of eliding the male aggressor in an attempt to subvert the power he wields over the female victim.
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Deneva N. Transnational aging careers: on transformation of kinship and citizenship in the context of migration among Bulgarian Muslims in Spain. Soc Polit 2012; 19:105-128. [PMID: 22611575 DOI: 10.1093/sp/jxr027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This article focuses on “transnational aging careers,” a group of elderly migrants who are in constant movement between social contexts, families, and states. Drawing on a case of Bulgarian Muslim migrants in Spain, I look into the ruptures in the structure of care arrangements, kin expectations, and family relations, which migration triggers. I suggest that these transformations, albeit subtle, lead to reformulation of the fabric of the family. In this way, transnational care-motivated mobility affects future security based on kin reciprocity. At the same time, migration disrupts aging careers’ social citizenship both in Bulgaria and in Spain by limiting or even excluding them from state welfare support. I argue that these two lines of transformation, kinship and citizenship, result in new forms of gender and intergenerational inequalities. Furthermore, their intersection leads to a move from welfare to kinfare, which not only affects present arrangements between migrants, but also entails future insecurities.
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Abstract
In nineteenth-century Europe, the foundling hospital grew beyond its traditional purpose of mitigating the shame of unwed mothers by also permitting widows, widowers, and poor married couples to abandon their children there temporarily. In the Foundling Hospital of Madrid (FHM), this new short-term abandonment could be completely anonymous due to the implementation of a wheel—a device on the outside wall of the institution that could be turned to place a child inside—which remained open until 1929. The use of survival-analysis techniques to disentangle the determinants of retrieval in a discrete framework reveals important differences in the situations of the women who abandoned their children at the FHM, partly depending on whether they accessed it through the Maternity Hospital after giving birth or they accessed it directly. The evidence suggests that those who abandoned their children through the Maternity Hospital retrieved them only when they had attained a certain degree of economic stability, whereas those who abandoned otherwise did so just as soon as the immediate condition prompting the abandonment had improved.
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MESH Headings
- Child, Abandoned/education
- Child, Abandoned/history
- Child, Abandoned/legislation & jurisprudence
- Child, Abandoned/psychology
- Child, Orphaned/education
- Child, Orphaned/history
- Child, Orphaned/legislation & jurisprudence
- Child, Orphaned/psychology
- Child, Preschool
- History, 19th Century
- History, 20th Century
- Hospitals/history
- Hospitals, Maternity/economics
- Hospitals, Maternity/history
- Hospitals, Maternity/legislation & jurisprudence
- Humans
- Illegitimacy/economics
- Illegitimacy/ethnology
- Illegitimacy/history
- Illegitimacy/legislation & jurisprudence
- Illegitimacy/psychology
- Infant
- Orphanages/economics
- Orphanages/history
- Orphanages/legislation & jurisprudence
- Socioeconomic Factors/history
- Spain/ethnology
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Gorfinkiel MD, Escrivá Á. Care of older people in migration contexts: local and transnational arrangements between Peru and Spain. Soc Polit 2012; 19:129-141. [PMID: 22611576 DOI: 10.1093/sp/jxr028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Care arrangements for the elderly are becoming a main social process in contemporary societies due to socio-political and lifestyle changes over the last few decades. The family and the State play a basic role in the construction of care systems and in the establishment of strategies to access care resources. In the present context of migration, these resources interact at a transnational level, challenging family and State migratory regimes. These new realities need the recognition of basic international social rights, as the experiences of Peruvians living in a migration context in Spain show.
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Harkness S, Zylicz PO, Super CM, Welles-Nyström B, Bermúdez MR, Bonichini S, Moscardino U, Mavridis CJ. Children's activities and their meanings for parents: a mixed-methods study in six Western cultures. J Fam Psychol 2011; 25:799-813. [PMID: 22149041 DOI: 10.1037/a0026204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical perspectives and research in sociology, anthropology, sociolinguistics, and cultural psychology converge in recognizing the significance of children's time spent in various activities, especially in the family context. Knowing how children's time is deployed, however, only gives us a partial answer to how children acquire competence; the other part must take into account the culturally constructed meanings of activities, from the perspective of those who organize and direct children's daily lives. In this article, we report on a study of children's routine daily activities and on the meanings that parents attribute to them in six Western middle-class cultural communities located in Italy, The Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the United States (N = 183). Using week-long time diaries kept by parents, we first demonstrate similarities as well as significant differences in children's daily routines across the cultural samples. We then present brief vignettes--"a day in the life" --of children from each sample. Parent interviews were coded for themes in the meanings attributed to various activities. Excerpts from parent interviews, focusing on four major activities (meals, family time, play, school- or developmentally related activities), are presented to illustrate how cultural meanings and themes are woven into parents' organization and understanding of their children's daily lives. The results of this mixed-method approach provide a more reliable and nuanced picture of children's and families' daily lives than could be derived from either method alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Harkness
- Center for the Study of Culture, Health, and Human Development, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-2058, USA.
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Viso M, Rodríguez Z, Loreto N, Fernández Y, Callegari C, Nicita G, González J, Cabrera de León A, Reigosa A. [Cardiovascular risk: initial estimation in the study cohort "CDC of the Canary Islands in Venezuela"]. Invest Clin 2011; 52:323-333. [PMID: 22523842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In Venezuela as in the Canary Islands (Spain), cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this research is to estimate the cardiovascular risk in the Canary Islands migrants living in Venezuela and participating in the study cohort "CDC of the Canary Islands in Venezuela". 452 individuals, aged 18 to 93 years (54.9% women), were enrolled between June 2008 and August 2009. A data survey was performed and their weight, height, abdomen and hip circumferences, and blood pressure were measured. After a 12-hour fasting period, a blood sample was obtained for glucose and lipid profile determinations. 40.5% of the subjects were over 65 years of age and 8% corresponded to the younger group (18-30 years). In men, the average age was 57.69 +/- 18.17 years and the body mass index 29.39 +/- 5.71 kg/m2, whereas women were 56.50 +/- 16.91 years and 28.20 +/- 5.57 kg/m2, respectively. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 49.1%, overweight and obesity together 75,2%, abdominal obesity 85.4%, diabetes 17.4%, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) 12.2%, elevated blood pressure 52.9%, low HDL-cholesterol 53,8% and elevated serum triglycerides 31%. Among subjects without diabetes or IFG, a third showed a high triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol ratio, indicating insulin resistance. We conclude that the Canarian-Venezuelan community suffers high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes). In relation to the current population of the Canary Islands, they show a lower frequency of IFG and a higher frequency of low HDL-cholesterol. In comparison to the Venezuelan population (Zulia), they showed to have lower prevalence of IFG, low HDL cholesterol and elevated triglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Viso
- Centro de Investigaciones Médicas y Biotecnológicas (CIMBUC), Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela
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Molina-Arrebola MA, Avivar-Oyonarte C, Salas-Coronas J, Pérez-Moyano R, Giménez-López MJ, García-Bautista JA, Jiménez-Gila AM, Porrino-Herrera C. Practical diagnosis of red cell disorders in southern Spain. Acta Haematol 2011; 127:50-5. [PMID: 22042243 DOI: 10.1159/000331479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary red cell disorders are associated with a protective effect against malaria, which results in an increased prevalence in malaria-endemic areas. Migratory flows from these areas are resulting in a marked increase in such abnormalities in Southern Spain. METHODS All hemoglobin disorders diagnosed between 1997 and 2010 have been recorded. Since 2008, we have performed systematic screening for hemoglobinopathies on African patients. A high-pressure liquid chromatography system was used as screening method for structural hemoglobinopathies and for separation of hemoglobin (Hb) F and A(2). RESULTS We detected 666 cases in patients of foreign origin and 308 in native Spanish patients. Thalassemias (thal) are the most frequent disorders amongst the local population: β-thal minor, 57.1% (176/308); α-thal, 18.2% (56/308), and δβ-thal, 7.8% (24/308). In ethnic minorities, there is a huge variety of hemoglobinopathies: heterozygous Hb S, 45% (300/666); heterozygous Hb C, 15% (100/666); β-thal minor, 13.7% (91/666); α-thal, 10.2% (68/666); Hb SS in 14 patients, and Hb CC in 9 patients. Of the native patients, 14 were found to have Hb AS and 9 Hb AC. CONCLUSION Given the modern migratory flows, greater knowledge of these disorders is needed by all medical staff, and new practical and cost/time-effective diagnostic approaches have to be devised.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Molina-Arrebola
- Haematology and Haemotherapy Unit, Tropical Medicine Unit, Biotechnology Department, Poniente Hospital, El Ejido, Spain.
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Dipierri J, Rodriguez-Larralde A, Alfaro E, Scapoli C, Mamolini E, Salvatorelli G, Caramori G, De Lorenzi S, Sandri M, Carrieri A, Barrai I. A Study of the Population of Paraguay through Isonymy. Ann Hum Genet 2011; 75:678-87. [PMID: 21972960 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2011.00676.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Dipierri
- Instituto de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, 4600 San Salvador De Jujuy, Argentina
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Treviño A, Benito R, Caballero E, Ramos JM, Parra P, Roc L, Eiros JM, Aguilera A, García J, Cifuentes C, Marcaida G, Rodríguez C, Trigo M, Arroyo LA, de Mendoza C, de Lejarazu RO, Soriano V. HTLV infection among foreign pregnant women living in Spain. J Clin Virol 2011; 52:119-22. [PMID: 21782504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overall seroprevalence of HTLV infection among pregnant women in Spain is below 0.02% and accordingly universal antenatal screening is not recommended. However, as the number of immigrants has significantly increased during the last decade, this population might warrant specific considerations. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the seroprevalence of HTLV infection among immigrant pregnant women living in Spain. METHODS From January 2009 to December 2010 a cross-sectional study was carried out in all foreign pregnant women attended at 14 Spanish clinics. All were tested for HTLV antibodies using a commercial enzyme-immunoassay, being reactive samples confirmed by Western blot or PCR. RESULTS A total of 3337 foreign pregnant women were examined. Their origin was as follows: Latin America 1579 (47%), North Africa 507 (16%), East Europe 606 (18%), Sub-Saharan Africa 316 (9%), North America and West Europe 116 (3.5%) and Asia and Australia 163 (5%). A total of 7 samples were confirmed as HTLV positive, of which 6 were HTLV-1 and 1 HTLV-2. HTLV-1 infection was found in 5 women coming from Latin America and 1 from Morocco. The only woman with HTLV-2 came from Ghana. The overall HTLV seroprevalence was 0.2%, being 0.3% among Latin Americans and 0.2% among Africans. It was absent among women coming from other regions. CONCLUSIONS The seroprevalence of HTLV infection among foreign pregnant women in Spain is 0.2%, being all cases found in immigrants from Latin America and Africa. Given the benefit of preventing vertical transmission, antenatal screening should be recommended in pregnant women coming from these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Treviño
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Carlos III, Calle Sinesio Delgado 10, Madrid, Spain.
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Thomson MD, Hoffman-Goetz L. Application of the health literacy framework to diet-related cancer prevention conversations of older immigrant women to Canada. Health Promot Int 2011; 27:33-44. [PMID: 21421578 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/dar019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Health literacy, conceptualized as a framework involving basic (functional), interactive and critical skill sets, is a key determinant of health. Application of the health literacy framework (HLF) to immigrant populations has been limited. Our objective was to apply the HLF to discourses about diet-related colon cancer prevention among English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) immigrant women. We also explored whether these discussions could inform the development of culturally appropriate information and potentially increase health literacy. Interviews were conducted with 64 older Spanish-speaking ESL immigrant women. Directed content analysis guided by the HLF was used to identify themes. Diet-related conversations were initiated by 43 (67%) participants. Four themes were identified: general information requests-low functional health literacy (FHL) (n = 23/43), specific nutrition inquiries-high FHL (n = 17/43), actions for healthy eating-low interactive health literacy (IHL) (n = 8/43) and community communication issues-high IHL (n = 3/43). No conversations representing critical health literacy were identified. Five women discussed both FHL and IHL themes. Women's diet-related conversations followed a continuum of increasing information needs supporting the HLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Thomson
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Faculty of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University,1112 E. Clay Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Suurmond J, Uiters E, de Bruijne MC, Stronks K, Essink-Bot ML. Negative health care experiences of immigrant patients: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res 2011; 11:10. [PMID: 21235738 PMCID: PMC3029223 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-11-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative events are abusive, potentially dangerous or life-threatening health care events, as perceived by the patient. Patients' perceptions of negative events are regarded as a potentially important source of information about the quality of health care. We explored negative events in hospital care as perceived by immigrant patients. METHODS Semi-structured individual and group interviews were conducted with respondents about negative experiences of health care. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a framework method. A total of 22 respondents representing 7 non-Dutch ethnic origins were interviewed; each respondent reported a negative event in hospital care or treatment. RESULTS Respondents reported negative events in relation to: 1) inadequate information exchange with care providers; 2) different expectations between respondents and care providers about medical procedures; 3) experienced prejudicial behavior on the part of care providers. CONCLUSIONS We identified three key situations in which negative events were experienced by immigrant patients. Exploring negative events from the immigrant patient perspective offers important information to help improve health care. Our results indicate that care providers need to be trained in adequately exchanging information with the immigrant patient and finding out specific patient needs and perspectives on illness and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine Suurmond
- Academic Medical Centre/University of Amsterdam, Department of Social Medicine. Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Uiters
- The National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martine C de Bruijne
- EMGO Institute - Vumc, Department of public & occupational health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karien Stronks
- Academic Medical Centre/University of Amsterdam, Department of Social Medicine. Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Louise Essink-Bot
- Academic Medical Centre/University of Amsterdam, Department of Social Medicine. Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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