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Nechaeva T, Verra L, Pucek J, Ranc L, Bergamaschi M, Zevi Della Porta G, Muggli P, Agnello R, Ahdida CC, Amoedo C, Andrebe Y, Apsimon O, Apsimon R, Arnesano JM, Bencini V, Blanchard P, Burrows PN, Buttenschön B, Caldwell A, Chung M, Cooke DA, Davut C, Demeter G, Dexter AC, Doebert S, Farmer J, Fasoli A, Fonseca R, Furno I, Granados E, Granetzny M, Graubner T, Grulke O, Gschwendtner E, Guran E, Henderson J, Kedves MÁ, Kim SY, Kraus F, Krupa M, Lefevre T, Liang L, Liu S, Lopes N, Lotov K, Martinez Calderon M, Mazzoni S, Moon K, Morales Guzmán PI, Moreira M, Okhotnikov N, Pakuza C, Pannell F, Pardons A, Pepitone K, Poimenidou E, Pukhov A, Rey S, Rossel R, Saberi H, Schmitz O, Senes E, Silva F, Silva L, Spear B, Stollberg C, Sublet A, Swain C, Topaloudis A, Torrado N, Turner M, Velotti F, Verzilov V, Vieira J, Welsch C, Wendt M, Wing M, Wolfenden J, Woolley B, Xia G, Yarygova V, Zepp M. Hosing of a Long Relativistic Particle Bunch in Plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:075001. [PMID: 38427892 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.075001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Experimental results show that hosing of a long particle bunch in plasma can be induced by wakefields driven by a short, misaligned preceding bunch. Hosing develops in the plane of misalignment, self-modulation in the perpendicular plane, at frequencies close to the plasma electron frequency, and are reproducible. Development of hosing depends on misalignment direction, its growth on misalignment extent and on proton bunch charge. Results have the main characteristics of a theoretical model, are relevant to other plasma-based accelerators and represent the first characterization of hosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nechaeva
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - L Verra
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - J Pucek
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - L Ranc
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - M Bergamaschi
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - G Zevi Della Porta
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - P Muggli
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - R Agnello
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - C Amoedo
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Y Andrebe
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O Apsimon
- University of Manchester M13 9PL, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - R Apsimon
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | | | - V Bencini
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- John Adams Institute, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - P Blanchard
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P N Burrows
- John Adams Institute, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - B Buttenschön
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Caldwell
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - M Chung
- UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | | | - C Davut
- University of Manchester M13 9PL, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - G Demeter
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - A C Dexter
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | | | - J Farmer
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - A Fasoli
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Fonseca
- ISCTE - Instituto Universitéario de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusáo Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - I Furno
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - M Granetzny
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Graubner
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - O Grulke
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
- Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - E Guran
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - J Henderson
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- STFC/ASTeC, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - M Á Kedves
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - S-Y Kim
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - F Kraus
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - M Krupa
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - L Liang
- University of Manchester M13 9PL, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - S Liu
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - N Lopes
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusáo Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - K Lotov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | - K Moon
- UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | | | - M Moreira
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusáo Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - N Okhotnikov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - C Pakuza
- John Adams Institute, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - K Pepitone
- Angstrom Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - A Pukhov
- John Adams Institute, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S Rey
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - R Rossel
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - H Saberi
- University of Manchester M13 9PL, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - O Schmitz
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Senes
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - F Silva
- INESC-ID, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusáo Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - B Spear
- John Adams Institute, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - C Stollberg
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Sublet
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - C Swain
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | | | - N Torrado
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusáo Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Turner
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - V Verzilov
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - J Vieira
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusáo Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Welsch
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - M Wendt
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - M Wing
- UCL, London WC1 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - J Wolfenden
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | | | - G Xia
- University of Manchester M13 9PL, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - V Yarygova
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M Zepp
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Xia G, Li Z, Sheng X, Xie Z, Fang Q, Zhang C, Wang T, Wang Y, Wu B, Lv X. Water extract of green tea attenuates alcohol-related hepatitis by inhibiting liver inflammation and gut microbiota disturbance in mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:10770-10783. [PMID: 37975193 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03685e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Green tea is one of the main types of tea in China, and it has been widely consumed in the world. This study aims to investigate the potential mechanism by which the water extract of green tea (GTWE) may be effective in the treatment of alcohol-related hepatitis (ARH), utilizing a combination of network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation. Through network pharmacology analysis, seven active components and 45 potential targets were identified, with TLR4 being confirmed as the central target. Experimental findings demonstrate that GTWE exhibits significant efficacy in mitigating alcohol-induced liver inflammation and steatosis. Furthermore, the administration of GTWE has demonstrated significant efficacy in mitigating alcohol-induced intestinal inflammation and microbiota disturbance while concurrently restoring intestinal barrier function. Consequently, GTWE exhibits considerable potential as a pharmacological intervention and warrants further research and development as a lead compound for the treatment of ARH. Moreover, the prospective utilization of green tea in prolonged intakes exhibits potential as a prophylactic nutritive regimen against ARH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Xia
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
| | - Zixuan Li
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
| | - Xiaodong Sheng
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Qian Fang
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
| | - Yulian Wang
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
| | - Baoming Wu
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
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Zhang H, Liu C, Lu X, Xia G. Evaluation of growth adaptation of Cinnamomum camphora seedlings in ionic rare earth tailings environment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16910. [PMID: 37805611 PMCID: PMC10560214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The root system is an important organ for nutrient uptake and biomass accumulation in plants, while biomass allocation directly affects essential oils content, which plays an essential role in plant growth and development and resistance to adverse environmental conditions. This study was undertaken to investigate the differences and correlation of biomass allocation, root traits and essential oil content (EOC), as well as the adaptations of camphor tree with different chemical types to the ionic rare earth tailing sand habitats. Data from 1-year old cutting seedlings of C. camphora showed that the biomass of C. camphora cuttings was mainly distributed in root system, with the ratio of root biomass 49.9-72.13% and the ratio of root to canopy 1.00-2.64. The total biomass was significantly positively correlated with root length (RL), root surface area (RSA) and dry weight of fine roots (diameter ≤ 2 mm) (P < 0.05). Root biomass and leaf biomass were negatively and positively with specific root length (SRL) and specific root surface area (SRSA), respectively. Leaf biomass presented a positive effect on EOC (P < 0.05), with the correlation coefficient of 0.808. The suitability sort of these camphor trees was as follows: C. camphora β-linalool, C. camphora α-linaloolII, C. camphora α-linaloolI being better adapted to the ionic rare earth tailings substrate, C. camphora citral being the next, and C. porrectum β-linalool and C. camphora borneol being the least adaptive. EOC played a positive role in the adaptation of C. camphora (R2 = 0.6099, P < 0.05). Therefore camphor tree with linalool type is the appropriate choice in the ecological restoration of ionic rare earth tailings. The study could provide scientific recommendations for the ecological restoration of ionic rare earth tailings area combined with industrial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China.
| | - C Liu
- Yao Hu Honor School Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - X Lu
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Water Engineering in Poyang Lake Basin, Nanchang, China
| | - G Xia
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
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Liu Z, Wu B, Liu X, Wu X, Du J, Xia G, Cai J, Zhu H, Sheng X, Zhang M, Xu J, Xu T, Lv X. CD73/NT5E-mediated ubiquitination of AURKA regulates alcohol-related liver fibrosis via modulating hepatic stellate cell senescence. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:950-966. [PMID: 36778123 PMCID: PMC9909992 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.80461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide; however, no effective treatment to prevent the progression of alcohol-related liver fibrosis (ALF) is available. CD73/NT5E, a nucleotidase, controls cellular homeostasis by combining extracellular purinergic signaling with intracellular kinase activity and gene transcription and is associated with cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. In this study, we demonstrated that CD73/NT5E had a more significant regulatory effect on the activation, proliferation, and apoptosis of HSCs compared with that of CD39/ENTPD1. We examined the expression of CD73/NT5E in the normal and fibrotic human livers. The absence of CD73/NT5E was protective in mouse models of ALF. In addition, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed that CD73/NT5E overexpression was related to the p53 signaling pathway, which regulates cell senescence. Proteins interacting with p53 were predicted using the STRING database. The overlap between proteomic analysis and STRING databases was for Aurora kinase A (AURKA), a cell cycle-regulated kinase. Coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay and molecular docking confirmed that CD73/NT5E directly interacted with AURKA. We found that overexpression of CD73/NT5E inhibited AURKA ubiquitination, whereas p53 signaling was downregulated. Mechanistically, CD73/NT5E regulated ALF and the activation and senescence of stellate cells by binding to AURKA. These findings indicate that CD73/NT5E is a potential therapeutic target for ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenni Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Baoming Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xueqi Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiyu Du
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guoqing Xia
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Junnan Cai
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaodong Sheng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengda Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Junrui Xu
- General Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Xia G, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zhang K, Yang H. Robust adaptive super-twisting sliding mode formation controller for homing of multi-underactuated AUV recovery system with uncertainties. ISA Trans 2022; 130:136-151. [PMID: 35523606 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper is concerned with the homing process in which a multi-underactuated AUV recovery system tracks the moving mother submarine in finite time in the presence of uncertain hydrodynamic parameters and unknown environmental disturbances. In the homing stage, underactuated AUVs and the moving mother submarine are treated as followers and the leader, respectively. The multi-underactuated AUV system finite time homing problem is converted to the leader-following finite-time formation control problem. The proposed leader-following formation strategy requires only the position information of the leader. The velocity of the leader can be designed as an additional degrees of freedom to stabilize position errors of the formation. A novel robust adaptive super-twisting sliding mode formation controller (ASTASMC) is proposed, specifically the super-twisting algorithm (STA) with adaptive uncertainty estimation. Wherein, the robust adaptive law can compensate for uncertainty with unknown upper bound in real time. Therefore, the proposed controller can not only enhance the tracking accuracy but also reduce the chattering. In addition, the finite-time convergence of estimation errors and tracking errors is rigorously proved. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Xia
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Kaihang Zhang
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Haoyu Yang
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
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Xia G, Jin JF, Ye Y, Wang XD, Hu B, Pu JL. The effects of ALDH2 Glu487Lys polymorphism on vasovagal syncope patients undergoing head-up tilt test supplemented with sublingual nitroglycerin. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:451. [PMID: 36307771 PMCID: PMC9617361 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Head-up tilt test (HUTT) is clinically advantageous for diagnosing patients with vasovagal syncope (VVS). Nitroglycerin is mainly used as a stimulant during HUTT, and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is involved in the metabolism of nitroglycerin (NTG). ALDH2 Glu487Lys polymorphism (ALDH2 rs671) is the most common variant in the East Asian population. This study aimed to assess the effects of ALDH2 rs671 on VVS patients undergoing HUTT supplemented with sublingual NTG (HUTT-NTG). Methods Patients with recurrent VVS (at least 2 times) who were admitted to the syncope center of our hospital were enrolled. All VVS patients have undergone HUTT. The polymorphism of Glu487Lys gene of ALDH2 was measured by the DNA Microarray Chip Method. The results of HUTT-NTG of VVS patients with different ALDH2 genotypes were compared and their hemodynamic characteristics were assessed. Results A total of 199 VVS patients were enrolled, including 101 patients in the ALDH2*1/*1 group and 98 patients in the ALDH2*2 group. Among patients undergoing HUTT-NTG, 70.3% of patients in the ALDH2*1/*1 group and 68.4% of patients in the ALDH2*2 group were positive, and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.77). The proportions of VASIS I, VASIS II, and VASIS III were 40.6%, 8.9%, and 20.8% in the ALDH2*1/*1 group, respectively, and the corresponding proportions in the ALDH2*2 group were 36.7%, 11.2%, and 20.4%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.91). The hemodynamic characteristics of different genotypes in VVS patients undergoing HUTT-NTG were compared, and no statistically significant difference was found. The median time of syncopal episode occurred after NTG administration in the ALDH2*1/*1 group was 6 min (interquartile range [IQR]: 5.0–9.0), and it was 6.0 min in the ALDH2*2 group (IQR: 4.25–8.0, P = 0.64). Conclusion ALDH2 Glu487Lys polymorphism did not affect the outcome of VVS patients undergoing HUTT-NTG, and no significant change in the hemodynamic characteristics of different genotypes was found.
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Zhao Q, Chen Y, Qin B, Hu C, Xia G, Hao L, Ping X. Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Carbon Nanosheets and Its Flux Pinning Mechanisms in C-Doped MgB 2 Superconductors. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:7530. [PMID: 36363122 PMCID: PMC9659128 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional carbon nanosheets (3D-CNS) were synthesized by salt template spray-drying method in order to solve the agglomeration of 2D nanocarbon by a traditional mixing method. MgB2 bulks doped with 3D-CNS with molar ratio composition of MgB2-x(3D-CNS)x (x = 0, 0.1 and 0.2) have been prepared by in situ sintering process. The microstructure, critical current density and flux pinning of the sintered samples have been investigated. Differing from the structure in previous studies, the 3D-CNS doping is more efficient for the refinement of the MgB2 grains due to the 3D network structures. The results clearly show that more active C releasing from 3D-CNS at high temperature can provide effective flux pinning centers by the substitution of C for B in MgB2 lattice. Furthermore, the lattice distortion and increased grain boundaries should be responsible for the enhancement of critical current density (Jc) at high magnetic fields as well as the increased irreversible magnetic field (Hirr). However, the positive action in Jc at low field has been extremely offset by the concentration of impurities at MgB2 grain boundaries such as released extra C without substitution and MgO, which is considered to further deteriorate the grain connectivity.
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Verra L, Zevi Della Porta G, Pucek J, Nechaeva T, Wyler S, Bergamaschi M, Senes E, Guran E, Moody JT, Kedves MÁ, Gschwendtner E, Muggli P, Agnello R, Ahdida CC, Goncalves MCA, Andrebe Y, Apsimon O, Apsimon R, Arnesano JM, Bachmann AM, Barrientos D, Batsch F, Bencini V, Blanchard P, Burrows PN, Buttenschön B, Caldwell A, Chappell J, Chevallay E, Chung M, Cooke DA, Davut C, Demeter G, Dexter AC, Doebert S, Elverson FA, Farmer J, Fasoli A, Fedosseev V, Fonseca R, Furno I, Gorn A, Granados E, Granetzny M, Graubner T, Grulke O, Hafych V, Henderson J, Hüther M, Khudiakov V, Kim SY, Kraus F, Krupa M, Lefevre T, Liang L, Liu S, Lopes N, Lotov K, Martinez Calderon M, Mazzoni S, Medina Godoy D, Moon K, Morales Guzmán PI, Moreira M, Nowak E, Pakuza C, Panuganti H, Pardons A, Pepitone K, Perera A, Pukhov A, Ramjiawan RL, Rey S, Schmitz O, Silva F, Silva L, Stollberg C, Sublet A, Swain C, Topaloudis A, Torrado N, Tuev P, Velotti F, Verzilov V, Vieira J, Weidl M, Welsch C, Wendt M, Wing M, Wolfenden J, Woolley B, Xia G, Yarygova V, Zepp M. Controlled Growth of the Self-Modulation of a Relativistic Proton Bunch in Plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:024802. [PMID: 35867433 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.024802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A long, narrow, relativistic charged particle bunch propagating in plasma is subject to the self-modulation (SM) instability. We show that SM of a proton bunch can be seeded by the wakefields driven by a preceding electron bunch. SM timing reproducibility and control are at the level of a small fraction of the modulation period. With this seeding method, we independently control the amplitude of the seed wakefields with the charge of the electron bunch and the growth rate of SM with the charge of the proton bunch. Seeding leads to larger growth of the wakefields than in the instability case.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - R Agnello
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Y Andrebe
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O Apsimon
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - R Apsimon
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | | | - A-M Bachmann
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | | | - F Batsch
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - V Bencini
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- John Adams Institute, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - P Blanchard
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P N Burrows
- John Adams Institute, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - B Buttenschön
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Caldwell
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - M Chung
- UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | | | - C Davut
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G Demeter
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - A C Dexter
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - J Farmer
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - A Fasoli
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - R Fonseca
- ISCTE-Instituto Universitéario de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - I Furno
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Gorn
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia
| | | | - M Granetzny
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Graubner
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - O Grulke
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
- Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - V Hafych
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - J Henderson
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- Accelerator Science and Technology Centre, ASTeC, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - M Hüther
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - V Khudiakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S-Y Kim
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - F Kraus
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - M Krupa
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - L Liang
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - S Liu
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
| | - N Lopes
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - K Lotov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia
| | | | | | | | - K Moon
- UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | | | - M Moreira
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - E Nowak
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - C Pakuza
- John Adams Institute, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - K Pepitone
- Angstrom Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Perera
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - A Pukhov
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - R L Ramjiawan
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- John Adams Institute, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Rey
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - O Schmitz
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - F Silva
- INESC-ID, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Stollberg
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Sublet
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - C Swain
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | | | - N Torrado
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P Tuev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia
| | | | | | - J Vieira
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Weidl
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - C Welsch
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - M Wendt
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - M Wing
- UCL, London WC1 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - J Wolfenden
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | | | - G Xia
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - V Yarygova
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - M Zepp
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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9
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Zhang Y, Liu H, Xia G. Synthesis and Research of Highly Efficient Polyether Demulsifier. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Zhang
- Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhunan Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Hongcheng Liu
- Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhunan Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - G. Xia
- Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhunan Road Nanjing 211816 China
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10
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Xia G, Sun C, Zhao B, Sun X, Xia X. Robust cooperative trajectory tracking control for an unactuated floating object with multiple vessels system. ISA Trans 2022; 123:263-271. [PMID: 34103160 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2021.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a robust cooperative trajectory tracking control scheme for an unactuated floating object with multiple vessels under environmental disturbances. The object and multiple vessels are connected by using towlines. The proposed control scheme consists of three parts: a virtual controller for the object, a control allocation algorithm and a distributed robust time-varying formation controller for vessels. The virtual controller is first designed to obtain the control forces of the object to track the reference trajectory. To compute the optimal tension of each towline, the control allocation algorithm is introduced. Then, the time-varying relative positions from the object to vessels are gained by using a nonlinear towline model and the towline attachment geometry. Furthermore, the distributed robust time-varying formation controller is devised for vessels based on dynamic surface control technique, an adaptive law and graph theory. It is proved that the tracking errors of the object and vessels are bounded. Simulations substantiate that the proposed method can achieve good cooperative control performance and robustness, and the unactuated object can track the reference trajectory with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Xia
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Chuang Sun
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, 150001 Harbin, China.
| | - Bo Zhao
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Xianxin Sun
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoming Xia
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, 150001 Harbin, China
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11
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Zhou J, Wu H, Zhang X, Xia G, Gong X, Yue D, Fan Y, Wang B, Wang G, Li Y, Pan J. Deep learning models for image and data processes of intracellular calcium ions. Cell Signal 2021; 91:110225. [PMID: 34954391 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) in cytoplasm as an intracellular second messenger is involved in almost all important cellular activities of organisms. Generally its concentration ([Ca2+]i) is tested by live imaging followed image and data processes, in which much tedious and subjective manual work is involved. Here we show a computational approach of Deep Calcium following the principles of deep learning to predict the cytoplasmic Ca2+ ranges and calcium peaks in calcium curve of objective cells. To validate Deep Calcium, chondrocytes, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and osteoblastic like cells (MC3T3-E1) from both the tissue and cell samples as well as from spontaneous and mechanical stimulated calcium response patterns are used. The good performance comparing with other relative machine learning models, as well as consistency biological results with human experts are demonstrated. Deep Calcium provides references for other image and data processes of intracellular range determination and curve peak identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xusen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqing Xia
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Gong
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dangyang Yue
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yijuan Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Jun Pan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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12
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Whittard E, Redfern J, Xia G, Millard A, Ragupathy R, Malic S, Enright MC. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Novel Polyvalent Bacteriophages With Potent In Vitro Activity Against an International Collection of Genetically Diverse Staphylococcus aureus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:698909. [PMID: 34295840 PMCID: PMC8290860 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.698909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage therapy recently passed a key milestone with success of the first regulated clinical trial using systemic administration. In this single-arm non-comparative safety study, phages were administered intravenously to patients with invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections with no adverse reactions reported. Here, we examined features of 78 lytic S. aureus phages, most of which were propagated using a S. carnosus host modified to be broadly susceptible to staphylococcal phage infection. Use of this host eliminates the threat of contamination with staphylococcal prophage - the main vector of S. aureus horizontal gene transfer. We determined the host range of these phages against an international collection of 185 S. aureus isolates with 56 different multilocus sequence types that included multiple representatives of all epidemic MRSA and MSSA clonal complexes. Forty of our 78 phages were able to infect > 90% of study isolates, 15 were able to infect > 95%, and two could infect all 184 clinical isolates, but not a phage-resistant mutant generated in a previous study. We selected the 10 phages with the widest host range for in vitro characterization by planktonic culture time-kill analysis against four isolates:- modified S. carnosus strain TM300H, methicillin-sensitive isolates D329 and 15981, and MRSA isolate 252. Six of these 10 phages were able to rapidly kill, reducing cell numbers of at least three isolates. The four best-performing phages, in this assay, were further shown to be highly effective in reducing 48 h biofilms on polystyrene formed by eight ST22 and eight ST36 MRSA isolates. Genomes of 22 of the widest host-range phages showed they belonged to the Twortvirinae subfamily of the order Caudovirales in three main groups corresponding to Silviavirus, and two distinct groups of Kayvirus. These genomes assembled as single-linear dsDNAs with an average length of 140 kb and a GC content of c. 30%. Phages that could infect > 96% of S. aureus isolates were found in all three groups, and these have great potential as therapeutic candidates if, in future studies, they can be formulated to maximize their efficacy and eliminate emergence of phage resistance by using appropriate combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Whittard
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James Redfern
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Guoqing Xia
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Millard
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Roobinidevi Ragupathy
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sladjana Malic
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark C. Enright
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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13
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Batsch F, Muggli P, Agnello R, Ahdida CC, Amoedo Goncalves MC, Andrebe Y, Apsimon O, Apsimon R, Bachmann AM, Baistrukov MA, Blanchard P, Braunmüller F, Burrows PN, Buttenschön B, Caldwell A, Chappell J, Chevallay E, Chung M, Cooke DA, Damerau H, Davut C, Demeter G, Deubner HL, Doebert S, Farmer J, Fasoli A, Fedosseev VN, Fiorito R, Fonseca RA, Friebel F, Furno I, Garolfi L, Gessner S, Gorgisyan I, Gorn AA, Granados E, Granetzny M, Graubner T, Grulke O, Gschwendtner E, Hafych V, Helm A, Henderson JR, Hüther M, Kargapolov IY, Kim SY, Kraus F, Krupa M, Lefevre T, Liang L, Liu S, Lopes N, Lotov KV, Martyanov M, Mazzoni S, Medina Godoy D, Minakov VA, Moody JT, Moon K, Morales Guzmán PI, Moreira M, Nechaeva T, Nowak E, Pakuza C, Panuganti H, Pardons A, Perera A, Pucek J, Pukhov A, Ramjiawan RL, Rey S, Rieger K, Schmitz O, Senes E, Silva LO, Speroni R, Spitsyn RI, Stollberg C, Sublet A, Topaloudis A, Torrado N, Tuev PV, Turner M, Velotti F, Verra L, Verzilov VA, Vieira J, Vincke H, Welsch CP, Wendt M, Wing M, Wiwattananon P, Wolfenden J, Woolley B, Xia G, Zepp M, Zevi Della Porta G. Transition between Instability and Seeded Self-Modulation of a Relativistic Particle Bunch in Plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:164802. [PMID: 33961468 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.164802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We use a relativistic ionization front to provide various initial transverse wakefield amplitudes for the self-modulation of a long proton bunch in plasma. We show experimentally that, with sufficient initial amplitude [≥(4.1±0.4) MV/m], the phase of the modulation along the bunch is reproducible from event to event, with 3%-7% (of 2π) rms variations all along the bunch. The phase is not reproducible for lower initial amplitudes. We observe the transition between these two regimes. Phase reproducibility is essential for deterministic external injection of particles to be accelerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Batsch
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - P Muggli
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - R Agnello
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Y Andrebe
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O Apsimon
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - R Apsimon
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - A-M Bachmann
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - M A Baistrukov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - P Blanchard
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - P N Burrows
- John Adams Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - B Buttenschön
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Caldwell
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - J Chappell
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Chung
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - D A Cooke
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - C Davut
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - G Demeter
- Wigner Research Center for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - H L Deubner
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - J Farmer
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Fasoli
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - R Fiorito
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - R A Fonseca
- ISCTE-Instituto Universitéario de Lisboa, Portugal
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - I Furno
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - S Gessner
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | | | - A A Gorn
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - M Granetzny
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - T Graubner
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - O Grulke
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany
- Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - V Hafych
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - A Helm
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J R Henderson
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- Accelerator Science and Technology Centre, ASTeC, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, United Kingdom
| | - M Hüther
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - I Yu Kargapolov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S-Y Kim
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - F Kraus
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - L Liang
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - S Liu
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
| | - N Lopes
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - K V Lotov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M Martyanov
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - V A Minakov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - J T Moody
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - K Moon
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - M Moreira
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - T Nechaeva
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | | | - C Pakuza
- John Adams Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - A Perera
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - J Pucek
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - A Pukhov
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - R L Ramjiawan
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- John Adams Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Rey
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Rieger
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - O Schmitz
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - E Senes
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- John Adams Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - L O Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - R I Spitsyn
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - C Stollberg
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - N Torrado
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P V Tuev
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M Turner
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - L Verra
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - J Vieira
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - C P Welsch
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Wing
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - J Wolfenden
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - G Xia
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Zepp
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Luo Q, Tan Y, Hu R, Xia Y, Xia G. [Mechanism of Ziyin recipe for treatment of ovulatory infertility: a network pharmacology-based study and clinical observations]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2021; 41:319-328. [PMID: 33849821 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.03.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanisms of Ziyin recipe for treatment of ovulatory infertility based on network pharmacology analysis and evaluate the clinical efficacy of this recipe. OBJECTIVE TCMSP, PubChem, Genecards, String, Swiss Target Prediction, and Uniprot databases were searched to identify all the action targets of Ziyin recipe and ovulatory infertility to construct the PPI network. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed and the "TCM-active ingredient-target-pathway" network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.6.0. We also designed a controlled clinical trial to verify the clinical effectiveness of Ziyin recipe. The patients were randomized into 2 groups to receive treatment with Western medicine including CC and HMG (control group) and additional treatment with Ziyin recipe, and the dosage of GN, follicular development days, E2 level of a single dominant follicle on trigger day, ovulation rate, the rate of LUFS, and clinical pregnancy rate were compared between the two groups. OBJECTIVE We identified 22 active ingredients and 354 targets of action in Ziyin recipe, 791 targets of ovulatory infertility, and 96 common targets of action shared by Ziyin recipe and ovulatory infertility. According to Degree, the key targets included SRC, MAPK1, HSP90aa1, MAPK3, PTPN11, ESR1, Akt1, EGFR, NR3C1 and KNG1. Enrichment analysis of GO biological process showed that Ziyin recipe mainly focused on steroid hormonemediated signaling pathway, oxidation, reduction, and apoptosis. The most significantly enriched signaling pathways included PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, RAP1 signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, ovarian steroid production, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. The results of the clinical trial showed that Ziyin recipe significantly reduced the dose of GN, accelerated follicle development, increased E2 level of single dominant follicle on the trigger day, and increased the cycle ovulation rate and pregnancy rate. OBJECTIVE The therapeutic effects of Ziyin recipe are probably mediated through different pathways to promote follicle development, thus improving ovulation rate and clinical pregnancy rate of infertile patients with ovulatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Luo
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Y Tan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - R Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Y Xia
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - G Xia
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
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Xia G. Improving contraceptive and family planning awareness on a perinatal inpatient unit. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9475937 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Unplanned pregnancies are a significant risk factor in perinatal mental health. They also have the potential to result in adverse health impacts for mother, baby and children into later in life. Women from disadvantaged backgrounds are less likely to access contraception. Women are more likely to on board health advice during pregnancy and post partum period due to high level of surveillance by health professionals. Objectives Our aim was for 90% of patients on Coombe Wood Mother and Baby Unit (MBU) to feel supported to make an informed decision about their contraception by October 2020. Methods A questionnaire was completed by fifteen inpatients at the Mother and Baby Unit over a 4 month period (April- August 2020) to assess areas around their pregnancy and contraceptives of choice. Contraceptive training was provided by a Sexual Health Specialist to staff across multiple disciplinaries on Coombe Wood MBU. Sexual Health discussion groups were delivered by doctors to inpatients on a monthly basis. A post-intervention questionnaire was given to patients. Results •53% of patients reported unplanned pregnancies. •40% of women felt lacking confidence in choosing the right contraceptive •The most frequent question asked during the sexual health groups was regarding hormonal contraceptives impacting on mental health. •By September 100% of patients felt they were able to make an informed decision about their contraception on discharge. Conclusions Facilitating women to make informed decisions regarding their contraception empowers them to gain autonomy, reduces the risks of physical and mental illness, improves the quality of life for mothers and babies.
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Mikkelsen K, Sirisarn W, Alharbi O, Alharbi M, Liu H, Nøhr-Meldgaard K, Mayer K, Vestergaard M, Gallagher LA, Derrick JP, McBain AJ, Biboy J, Vollmer W, O'Gara JP, Grunert T, Ingmer H, Xia G. The Novel Membrane-Associated Auxiliary Factors AuxA and AuxB Modulate β-lactam Resistance in MRSA by stabilizing Lipoteichoic Acids. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021; 57:106283. [PMID: 33503451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A major determinant of β-lactam resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the drug insensitive transpeptidase, PBP2a, encoded by mecA. Full expression of the resistance phenotype requires auxiliary factors. Two such factors, auxiliary factor A (auxA, SAUSA300_0980) and B (auxB, SAUSA300_1003), were identified in a screen against mutants with increased susceptibility to β-lactams in the MRSA strain, JE2. auxA and auxB encode transmembrane proteins, with AuxA predicted to be a transporter. Inactivation of auxA or auxB enhanced β-lactam susceptibility in community-, hospital- and livestock-associated MRSA strains without affecting PBP2a expression, peptidoglycan cross-linking or wall teichoic acid synthesis. Both mutants displayed increased susceptibility to inhibitors of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) synthesis and alanylation pathways and released LTA even in the absence of β-lactams. The β-lactam susceptibility of the aux mutants was suppressed by mutations inactivating gdpP, which was previously found to allow growth of mutants lacking the lipoteichoic synthase enzyme, LtaS. Using the Galleria mellonella infection model, enhanced survival of larvae inoculated with either auxA or auxB mutants was observed compared with the wild-type strain following treatment with amoxicillin. These results indicate that AuxA and AuxB are central for LTA stability and potential inhibitors can be tools to re-sensitize MRSA strains to β-lactams and combat MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Mikkelsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wanchat Sirisarn
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Ohood Alharbi
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Mohanned Alharbi
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Huayong Liu
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Katharina Mayer
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Vestergaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura A Gallagher
- Department of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jeremy P Derrick
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J McBain
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Biboy
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, NU Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - Waldemar Vollmer
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, NU Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - James P O'Gara
- Department of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Tom Grunert
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanne Ingmer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Guoqing Xia
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
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Li S, Gao J, Wang Y, Zhang W, Xia G. Study on Risk Factors of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Elderly Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction Treated with Endotracheal Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation. Indian J Pharm Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.spl.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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18
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Braunmüller F, Nechaeva T, Adli E, Agnello R, Aladi M, Andrebe Y, Apsimon O, Apsimon R, Bachmann AM, Baistrukov MA, Batsch F, Bergamaschi M, Blanchard P, Burrows PN, Buttenschön B, Caldwell A, Chappell J, Chevallay E, Chung M, Cooke DA, Damerau H, Davut C, Demeter G, Deubner LH, Dexter A, Djotyan GP, Doebert S, Farmer J, Fasoli A, Fedosseev VN, Fiorito R, Fonseca RA, Friebel F, Furno I, Garolfi L, Gessner S, Goddard B, Gorgisyan I, Gorn AA, Granados E, Granetzny M, Grulke O, Gschwendtner E, Hafych V, Hartin A, Helm A, Henderson JR, Howling A, Hüther M, Jacquier R, Jolly S, Kargapolov IY, Kedves MÁ, Keeble F, Kelisani MD, Kim SY, Kraus F, Krupa M, Lefevre T, Li Y, Liang L, Liu S, Lopes N, Lotov KV, Martyanov M, Mazzoni S, Medina Godoy D, Minakov VA, Moody JT, Morales Guzmán PI, Moreira M, Muggli P, Panuganti H, Pardons A, Peña Asmus F, Perera A, Petrenko A, Pucek J, Pukhov A, Ráczkevi B, Ramjiawan RL, Rey S, Ruhl H, Saberi H, Schmitz O, Senes E, Sherwood P, Silva LO, Spitsyn RI, Tuev PV, Turner M, Velotti F, Verra L, Verzilov VA, Vieira J, Welsch CP, Williamson B, Wing M, Wolfenden J, Woolley B, Xia G, Zepp M, Zevi Della Porta G. Proton Bunch Self-Modulation in Plasma with Density Gradient. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:264801. [PMID: 33449727 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.264801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study experimentally the effect of linear plasma density gradients on the self-modulation of a 400 GeV proton bunch. Results show that a positive or negative gradient increases or decreases the number of microbunches and the relative charge per microbunch observed after 10 m of plasma. The measured modulation frequency also increases or decreases. With the largest positive gradient we observe two frequencies in the modulation power spectrum. Results are consistent with changes in wakefields' phase velocity due to plasma density gradients adding to the slow wakefields' phase velocity during self-modulation growth predicted by linear theory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Nechaeva
- Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - E Adli
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Agnello
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Aladi
- Wigner Research Center for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Y Andrebe
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O Apsimon
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - R Apsimon
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - A-M Bachmann
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M A Baistrukov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - F Batsch
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - P Blanchard
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P N Burrows
- John Adams Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - B Buttenschön
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Caldwell
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - M Chung
- UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - C Davut
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - G Demeter
- Wigner Research Center for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - L H Deubner
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - A Dexter
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - G P Djotyan
- Wigner Research Center for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - J Farmer
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Fasoli
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - R Fiorito
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - R A Fonseca
- ISCTE-Instituto Universitéario de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusáo Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - I Furno
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - S Gessner
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | | | | | - A A Gorn
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - M Granetzny
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - O Grulke
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany
- Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - V Hafych
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | | | - A Helm
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusáo Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J R Henderson
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- Accelerator Science and Technology Centre, ASTeC, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, United Kingdom
| | - A Howling
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Hüther
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - R Jacquier
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - I Yu Kargapolov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M Á Kedves
- Wigner Research Center for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - S-Y Kim
- UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - F Kraus
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Y Li
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - L Liang
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - S Liu
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
| | - N Lopes
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusáo Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - K V Lotov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M Martyanov
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - V A Minakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - J T Moody
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | | | - M Moreira
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusáo Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P Muggli
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - F Peña Asmus
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
- Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A Perera
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - A Petrenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - J Pucek
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - A Pukhov
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - B Ráczkevi
- Wigner Research Center for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - R L Ramjiawan
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- John Adams Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Rey
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H Ruhl
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | | | - O Schmitz
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - E Senes
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- John Adams Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - L O Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusáo Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R I Spitsyn
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - P V Tuev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | - L Verra
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - J Vieira
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusáo Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C P Welsch
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - B Williamson
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Wing
- UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Wolfenden
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - G Xia
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Zepp
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Gschwendtner E, Turner M, Adli E, Ahuja A, Apsimon O, Apsimon R, Bachmann AM, Batsch F, Bracco C, Braunmüller F, Burger S, Burt G, Buttenschön B, Caldwell A, Chappell J, Chevallay E, Chung M, Cooke D, Damerau H, Deubner LH, Dexter A, Doebert S, Farmer J, Fedosseev VN, Fiorito R, Fonseca RA, Friebel F, Garolfi L, Gessner S, Goddard B, Gorgisyan I, Gorn AA, Granados E, Grulke O, Hartin A, Helm A, Henderson JR, Hüther M, Ibison M, Jolly S, Keeble F, Kelisani MD, Kim SY, Kraus F, Krupa M, Lefevre T, Li Y, Liu S, Lopes N, Lotov KV, Martyanov M, Mazzoni S, Minakov VA, Molendijk JC, Moody JT, Moreira M, Muggli P, Panuganti H, Pardons A, Peña Asmus F, Perera A, Petrenko A, Pukhov A, Rey S, Sherwood P, Silva LO, Sosedkin AP, Tuev PV, Velotti F, Verra L, Verzilov VA, Vieira J, Welsch CP, Wendt M, Williamson B, Wing M, Woolley B, Xia G. Correction to 'Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration in AWAKE'. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 378:20190539. [PMID: 31865874 PMCID: PMC6939239 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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Shi EB, Sun L, Wang C, Xia G. Thermal hydraulic characteristics of two-phase natural circulation for secondary side passive residual heat removal system. KERNTECHNIK 2019. [DOI: 10.3139/124.190062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E.-B. Shi
- China Ship Development and Design Center, Wuhan, 430064
| | - L. Sun
- China Ship Development and Design Center, Wuhan, 430064
| | - C. Wang
- China Ship Development and Design Center, Wuhan, 430064
| | - G. Xia
- Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001
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Gschwendtner E, Turner M, Adli E, Ahuja A, Apsimon O, Apsimon R, Bachmann AM, Batsch F, Bracco C, Braunmüller F, Burger S, Burt G, Buttenschön B, Caldwell A, Chappell J, Chevallay E, Chung M, Cooke D, Damerau H, Deubner LH, Dexter A, Doebert S, Farmer J, Fedosseev VN, Fiorito R, Fonseca RA, Friebel F, Garolfi L, Gessner S, Goddard B, Gorgisyan I, Gorn AA, Granados E, Grulke O, Hartin A, Helm A, Henderson JR, Hüther M, Ibison M, Jolly S, Keeble F, Kelisani MD, Kim SY, Kraus F, Krupa M, Lefevre T, Li Y, Liu S, Lopes N, Lotov KV, Martyanov M, Mazzoni S, Minakov VA, Molendijk JC, Moody JT, Moreira M, Muggli P, Panuganti H, Pardons A, Peña Asmus F, Perera A, Petrenko A, Pukhov A, Rey S, Sherwood P, Silva LO, Sosedkin AP, Tuev PV, Velotti F, Verra L, Verzilov VA, Vieira J, Welsch CP, Wendt M, Williamson B, Wing M, Woolley B, Xia G. Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration in AWAKE. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2019; 377:20180418. [PMID: 31230571 PMCID: PMC6602911 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we briefly summarize the experiments performed during the first run of the Advanced Wakefield Experiment, AWAKE, at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). The final goal of AWAKE Run 1 (2013-2018) was to demonstrate that 10-20 MeV electrons can be accelerated to GeV energies in a plasma wakefield driven by a highly relativistic self-modulated proton bunch. We describe the experiment, outline the measurement concept and present first results. Last, we outline our plans for the future. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - E. Adli
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - O. Apsimon
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
| | - R. Apsimon
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
| | - A.-M. Bachmann
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
- Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - F. Batsch
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
- Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - G. Burt
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - B. Buttenschön
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A. Caldwell
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A. Dexter
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - J. Farmer
- Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - R. Fiorito
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - R. A. Fonseca
- ISCTE - Instituto Universitéario de Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A. A. Gorn
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - O. Grulke
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany
- Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - A. Helm
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J. R. Henderson
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - M. Hüther
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Ibison
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - F. Kraus
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Y. Li
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
| | - S. Liu
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
| | - N. Lopes
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - K. V. Lotov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M. Martyanov
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | | | - V. A. Minakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - J. T. Moody
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Moreira
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P. Muggli
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - F. Peña Asmus
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
- Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A. Perera
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A. Petrenko
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A. Pukhov
- Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S. Rey
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - L. O. Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A. P. Sosedkin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - P. V. Tuev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - L. Verra
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - J. Vieira
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C. P. Welsch
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - B. Williamson
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
| | | | | | - G. Xia
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
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22
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Mnich ME, van Dalen R, Gerlach D, Hendriks A, Xia G, Peschel A, van Strijp JAG, van Sorge NM. The C-type lectin receptor MGL senses N-acetylgalactosamine on the unique Staphylococcus aureus ST395 wall teichoic acid. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13072. [PMID: 31219660 PMCID: PMC6771913 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common skin commensal but is also associated with various skin and soft tissue pathologies. Upon invasion, S. aureus is detected by resident innate immune cells through pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), although a comprehensive understanding of the specific molecular interactions is lacking. Recently, we demonstrated that the PRR langerin (CD207) on epidermal Langerhans cells senses the conserved β-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) modification on S. aureus wall teichoic acid (WTA), thereby increasing skin inflammation. Interestingly, the S. aureus ST395 lineage as well as certain species of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) produce a structurally different WTA molecule, consisting of poly-glycerolphosphate with α-O-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residues, which are attached by the glycosyltransferase TagN. Here, we demonstrate that S. aureus ST395 strains interact with the human Macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL; CD301) receptor, which is expressed by dendritic cells and macrophages in the dermis. MGL bound S. aureus ST395 in a tagN- and GalNAc-dependent manner but did not interact with different tagN-positive CoNS species. However, heterologous expression of Staphylococcus lugdunensis tagN in S. aureus conferred phage infection and MGL binding, confirming the role of this CoNS enzyme as GalNAc-transferase. Functionally, the detection of GalNAc on S. aureus ST395 WTA by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells significantly enhanced cytokine production. Together, our findings highlight differential recognition of S. aureus glycoprofiles by specific human innate receptors, which may affect downstream adaptive immune responses and pathogen clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata E Mnich
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Glaxo-Smith Kline, Siena, Italy
| | - Rob van Dalen
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David Gerlach
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Astrid Hendriks
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Glaxo-Smith Kline, Siena, Italy
| | - Guoqing Xia
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jos A G van Strijp
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nina M van Sorge
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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23
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Sun L, Peng M, Xia G, Wang J, Li R. Coupling simulation of neutron kinetics core model with CFD of IPWR steam line break accident. KERNTECHNIK 2019. [DOI: 10.3139/124.110979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this paper, development of coupled codes using two-group neutron diffusion kinetics code and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver Fluent has been introduced. Way of coupling, time step control algorithm and spatial mesh overlays have been summarized in detail which are basic components and challenges of the coupling methodologies. The implement and verification of coupled code have been modeled on integral pressurized water reactor (IPWR) IP200 with hexagonal fuel assembly in the core and once-through steam generators. The steam line break core transient was analyzed in coupled code simulation of a core boundary conditions derived from system code simulation results. The results presented transient three-dimensional distribution of the key operation parameters such as reactor power and coolant temperature, also demonstrated the inherent safety features of IP200. The current work will bring about the ability to explore multi-scale and multi-dimensional safety transient evaluations and give more precise neutronics/thermal-hydraulics mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Sun
- 1Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001 China
| | - M. Peng
- 1Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001 China
| | - G. Xia
- 1Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001 China
| | - J. Wang
- 2Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706 United States
| | - R. Li
- 1Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001 China
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24
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Xia G, Ma Y, Chen X, Jin SQ, Huang C. Comparison of MAP method with classical methods for bandpass correction of white LED spectra. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2019; 36:751-758. [PMID: 31045001 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.36.000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The bandwidth of a spectrometer is an important error-influencing factor in spectral measurement. To obtain accurate results, bandpass correction is an indispensable step in spectral data processing. To deal with such a problem, several methods have been proposed, including the differential operator method using a local polynomial approximation and the Richardson-Lucy method combined with a regularization. Here we employ a method based on the maximum a posteriori estimation. The efficiency of the method is verified through a large number of experiments on the spectra of white light-emitting diodes. By comparing the error of the reference spectrum, it was found that this method can effectively correct spectra, thus providing more accurate information for further analysis.
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25
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Adli E, Ahuja A, Apsimon O, Apsimon R, Bachmann AM, Barrientos D, Barros MM, Batkiewicz J, Batsch F, Bauche J, Berglyd Olsen VK, Bernardini M, Biskup B, Boccardi A, Bogey T, Bohl T, Bracco C, Braunmüller F, Burger S, Burt G, Bustamante S, Buttenschön B, Caldwell A, Cascella M, Chappell J, Chevallay E, Chung M, Cooke D, Damerau H, Deacon L, Deubner LH, Dexter A, Doebert S, Farmer J, Fedosseev VN, Fior G, Fiorito R, Fonseca RA, Friebel F, Garolfi L, Gessner S, Gorgisyan I, Gorn AA, Granados E, Grulke O, Gschwendtner E, Guerrero A, Hansen J, Helm A, Henderson JR, Hessler C, Hofle W, Hüther M, Ibison M, Jensen L, Jolly S, Keeble F, Kim SY, Kraus F, Lefevre T, LeGodec G, Li Y, Liu S, Lopes N, Lotov KV, Maricalva Brun L, Martyanov M, Mazzoni S, Medina Godoy D, Minakov VA, Mitchell J, Molendijk JC, Mompo R, Moody JT, Moreira M, Muggli P, Mutin C, Öz E, Ozturk E, Pasquino C, Pardons A, Peña Asmus F, Pepitone K, Perera A, Petrenko A, Pitman S, Plyushchev G, Pukhov A, Rey S, Rieger K, Ruhl H, Schmidt JS, Shalimova IA, Shaposhnikova E, Sherwood P, Silva LO, Soby L, Sosedkin AP, Speroni R, Spitsyn RI, Tuev PV, Turner M, Velotti F, Verra L, Verzilov VA, Vieira J, Vincke H, Welsch CP, Williamson B, Wing M, Woolley B, Xia G. Experimental Observation of Proton Bunch Modulation in a Plasma at Varying Plasma Densities. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:054802. [PMID: 30822008 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.054802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We give direct experimental evidence for the observation of the full transverse self-modulation of a long, relativistic proton bunch propagating through a dense plasma. The bunch exits the plasma with a periodic density modulation resulting from radial wakefield effects. We show that the modulation is seeded by a relativistic ionization front created using an intense laser pulse copropagating with the proton bunch. The modulation extends over the length of the proton bunch following the seed point. By varying the plasma density over one order of magnitude, we show that the modulation frequency scales with the expected dependence on the plasma density, i.e., it is equal to the plasma frequency, as expected from theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Adli
- University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - A Ahuja
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Apsimon
- University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
| | - R Apsimon
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - A-M Bachmann
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
- Technical University Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - F Batsch
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
- Technical University Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - T Bogey
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Bohl
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - F Braunmüller
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | | | - G Burt
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | | | - B Buttenschön
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Caldwell
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - M Chung
- UNIST, 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - D Cooke
- UCL, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | | | - L Deacon
- UCL, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - L H Deubner
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - A Dexter
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | | | - J Farmer
- Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - G Fior
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - R Fiorito
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - R A Fonseca
- ISCTE-Instituto Universitéario de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - A A Gorn
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - O Grulke
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
- Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - A Helm
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J R Henderson
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | | | - W Hofle
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Hüther
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - M Ibison
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - S Jolly
- UCL, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - F Keeble
- UCL, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - S-Y Kim
- UNIST, 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - F Kraus
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Y Li
- University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
| | - S Liu
- TRIUMF, V6T 2A3 Vancouver, Canada
| | - N Lopes
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - K V Lotov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - M Martyanov
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - V A Minakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - J Mitchell
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | | | - R Mompo
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J T Moody
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - M Moreira
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P Muggli
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - C Mutin
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Öz
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - F Peña Asmus
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
- Technical University Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | | | - A Perera
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - A Petrenko
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S Pitman
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Pukhov
- Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S Rey
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Rieger
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - H Ruhl
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | | | - I A Shalimova
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | - L O Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L Soby
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A P Sosedkin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - R I Spitsyn
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - P V Tuev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | - L Verra
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | - J Vieira
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - C P Welsch
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - B Williamson
- University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
| | - M Wing
- UCL, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | | | - G Xia
- University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
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26
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Turner M, Adli E, Ahuja A, Apsimon O, Apsimon R, Bachmann AM, Barros Marin M, Barrientos D, Batsch F, Batkiewicz J, Bauche J, Berglyd Olsen VK, Bernardini M, Biskup B, Boccardi A, Bogey T, Bohl T, Bracco C, Braunmüller F, Burger S, Burt G, Bustamante S, Buttenschön B, Caldwell A, Cascella M, Chappell J, Chevallay E, Chung M, Cooke D, Damerau H, Deacon L, Deubner LH, Dexter A, Doebert S, Farmer J, Fedosseev VN, Fior G, Fiorito R, Fonseca RA, Friebel F, Garolfi L, Gessner S, Gorgisyan I, Gorn AA, Granados E, Grulke O, Gschwendtner E, Guerrero A, Hansen J, Helm A, Henderson JR, Hessler C, Hofle W, Hüther M, Ibison M, Jensen L, Jolly S, Keeble F, Kim SY, Kraus F, Lefevre T, LeGodec G, Li Y, Liu S, Lopes N, Lotov KV, Maricalva Brun L, Martyanov M, Mazzoni S, Medina Godoy D, Minakov VA, Mitchell J, Molendijk JC, Mompo R, Moody JT, Moreira M, Muggli P, Öz E, Ozturk E, Mutin C, Pasquino C, Pardons A, Peña Asmus F, Pepitone K, Perera A, Petrenko A, Pitman S, Plyushchev G, Pukhov A, Rey S, Rieger K, Ruhl H, Schmidt JS, Shalimova IA, Shaposhnikova E, Sherwood P, Silva LO, Soby L, Sosedkin AP, Speroni R, Spitsyn RI, Tuev PV, Velotti F, Verra L, Verzilov VA, Vieira J, Vincke H, Welsch CP, Williamson B, Wing M, Woolley B, Xia G. Experimental Observation of Plasma Wakefield Growth Driven by the Seeded Self-Modulation of a Proton Bunch. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:054801. [PMID: 30822039 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.054801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We measure the effects of transverse wakefields driven by a relativistic proton bunch in plasma with densities of 2.1×10^{14} and 7.7×10^{14} electrons/cm^{3}. We show that these wakefields periodically defocus the proton bunch itself, consistently with the development of the seeded self-modulation process. We show that the defocusing increases both along the bunch and along the plasma by using time resolved and time-integrated measurements of the proton bunch transverse distribution. We evaluate the transverse wakefield amplitudes and show that they exceed their seed value (<15 MV/m) and reach over 300 MV/m. All these results confirm the development of the seeded self-modulation process, a necessary condition for external injection of low energy and acceleration of electrons to multi-GeV energy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Adli
- University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - A Ahuja
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Apsimon
- University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
| | - R Apsimon
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - A-M Bachmann
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
- Technical University Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - F Batsch
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
- Technical University Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - T Bogey
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Bohl
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - F Braunmüller
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | | | - G Burt
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | | | - B Buttenschön
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Caldwell
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - M Chung
- UNIST, 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - D Cooke
- UCL, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | | | - L Deacon
- UCL, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - L H Deubner
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - A Dexter
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | | | - J Farmer
- Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - G Fior
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - R Fiorito
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - R A Fonseca
- ISCTE-Instituto Universitéario de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - A A Gorn
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - O Grulke
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
- Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - A Helm
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J R Henderson
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | | | - W Hofle
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Hüther
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - M Ibison
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - S Jolly
- UCL, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - F Keeble
- UCL, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - S-Y Kim
- UNIST, 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - F Kraus
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Y Li
- University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
| | - S Liu
- TRIUMF, V6T 2A3 Vancouver, Canada
| | - N Lopes
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - K V Lotov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - M Martyanov
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - V A Minakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - J Mitchell
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | | | - R Mompo
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J T Moody
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - M Moreira
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P Muggli
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - E Öz
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | | | - C Mutin
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - F Peña Asmus
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
- Technical University Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | | | - A Perera
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - A Petrenko
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S Pitman
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - G Plyushchev
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Plasma Center, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Pukhov
- Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S Rey
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Rieger
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - H Ruhl
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | | | - I A Shalimova
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | - L O Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L Soby
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A P Sosedkin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - R I Spitsyn
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - P V Tuev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - L Verra
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | - J Vieira
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - C P Welsch
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - B Williamson
- University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
| | - M Wing
- UCL, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | | | - G Xia
- University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, WA4 4AD Daresbury, United Kingdom
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27
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Gerlach D, Guo Y, De Castro C, Kim SH, Schlatterer K, Xu FF, Pereira C, Seeberger PH, Ali S, Codée J, Sirisarn W, Schulte B, Wolz C, Larsen J, Molinaro A, Lee BL, Xia G, Stehle T, Peschel A. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus alters cell wall glycosylation to evade immunity. Nature 2018; 563:705-709. [PMID: 30464342 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a frequent cause of difficult-to-treat, often fatal infections in humans1,2. Most humans have antibodies against S. aureus, but these are highly variable and often not protective in immunocompromised patients3. Previous vaccine development programs have not been successful4. A large percentage of human antibodies against S. aureus target wall teichoic acid (WTA), a ribitol-phosphate (RboP) surface polymer modified with N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)5,6. It is currently unknown whether the immune evasion capacities of MRSA are due to variation of dominant surface epitopes such as those associated with WTA. Here we show that a considerable proportion of the prominent healthcare-associated and livestock-associated MRSA clones CC5 and CC398, respectively, contain prophages that encode an alternative WTA glycosyltransferase. This enzyme, TarP, transfers GlcNAc to a different hydroxyl group of the WTA RboP than the standard enzyme TarS7, with important consequences for immune recognition. TarP-glycosylated WTA elicits 7.5-40-fold lower levels of immunoglobulin G in mice than TarS-modified WTA. Consistent with this, human sera contained only low levels of antibodies against TarP-modified WTA. Notably, mice immunized with TarS-modified WTA were not protected against infection with tarP-expressing MRSA, indicating that TarP is crucial for the capacity of S. aureus to evade host defences. High-resolution structural analyses of TarP bound to WTA components and uridine diphosphate GlcNAc (UDP-GlcNAc) explain the mechanism of altered RboP glycosylation and form a template for targeted inhibition of TarP. Our study reveals an immune evasion strategy of S. aureus based on averting the immunogenicity of its dominant glycoantigen WTA. These results will help with the identification of invariant S. aureus vaccine antigens and may enable the development of TarP inhibitors as a new strategy for rendering MRSA susceptible to human host defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gerlach
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yinglan Guo
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Sun-Hwa Kim
- National Research Laboratory of Defense Proteins, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Katja Schlatterer
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fei-Fei Xu
- Max-Planck-Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claney Pereira
- Max-Planck-Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Sara Ali
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wanchat Sirisarn
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Berit Schulte
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Medical Microbiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christiane Wolz
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Medical Microbiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jesper Larsen
- Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Bok Luel Lee
- National Research Laboratory of Defense Proteins, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Guoqing Xia
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Thilo Stehle
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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28
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Abstract
AbstractMany integrated pressurized water reactor (IPWR) designs using natural circulation operation mainly to enhance their inherent safety. The operating characteristics of primary coolant are completely different without mechanical pumps. The designs and safety analysis of forced circulation reactors are widely researched, but the natural circulation characteristics of IPWR have not been well studied by literatures. The present work discussed the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of IPWR under natural circulation conditions by using the best estimate codes RELAP5. And the effect of system parameters on natural circulation characteristics of IPWR is also studied. The results show that, the primary coolant average temperature and steam pressure are two key parameters that affect the natural circulation stable operating load. The set value of primary coolant average temperature effects the core outlet temperature and the steam temperature, but the primary coolant flow is basically the same under different primary coolant average temperature but same load conditions. The smaller steam pressure is more conducive to produce superheated steam, but there is risk of two phase flow instability in OTSG secondary side. The rapid load change process under natural circulation indicating that the reactor has a good load tracking characteristics under natural circulation, but the rapid change of primary coolant temperature will cause oscillations in system parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Zhu
- 1Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin City 150001, China
| | - S. Zhang
- 2School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100191, China
| | - G. Xia
- 1Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin City 150001, China
| | - M. Peng
- 1Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin City 150001, China
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29
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Adli E, Ahuja A, Apsimon O, Apsimon R, Bachmann AM, Barrientos D, Batsch F, Bauche J, Berglyd Olsen VK, Bernardini M, Bohl T, Bracco C, Braunmüller F, Burt G, Buttenschön B, Caldwell A, Cascella M, Chappell J, Chevallay E, Chung M, Cooke D, Damerau H, Deacon L, Deubner LH, Dexter A, Doebert S, Farmer J, Fedosseev VN, Fiorito R, Fonseca RA, Friebel F, Garolfi L, Gessner S, Gorgisyan I, Gorn AA, Granados E, Grulke O, Gschwendtner E, Hansen J, Helm A, Henderson JR, Hüther M, Ibison M, Jensen L, Jolly S, Keeble F, Kim SY, Kraus F, Li Y, Liu S, Lopes N, Lotov KV, Maricalva Brun L, Martyanov M, Mazzoni S, Medina Godoy D, Minakov VA, Mitchell J, Molendijk JC, Moody JT, Moreira M, Muggli P, Öz E, Pasquino C, Pardons A, Peña Asmus F, Pepitone K, Perera A, Petrenko A, Pitman S, Pukhov A, Rey S, Rieger K, Ruhl H, Schmidt JS, Shalimova IA, Sherwood P, Silva LO, Soby L, Sosedkin AP, Speroni R, Spitsyn RI, Tuev PV, Turner M, Velotti F, Verra L, Verzilov VA, Vieira J, Welsch CP, Williamson B, Wing M, Woolley B, Xia G. Acceleration of electrons in the plasma wakefield of a proton bunch. Nature 2018; 561:363-367. [PMID: 30188496 PMCID: PMC6786972 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
High-energy particle accelerators have been crucial in providing a deeper understanding of fundamental particles and the forces that govern their interactions. To increase the energy of the particles or to reduce the size of the accelerator, new acceleration schemes need to be developed. Plasma wakefield acceleration1–5, in which the electrons in a plasma are excited, leading to strong electric fields (so called ‘wakefields’), is one such promising acceleration technique. Experiments have shown that an intense laser pulse6–9 or electron bunch10,11 traversing a plasma can drive electric fields of tens of gigavolts per metre and above—well beyond those achieved in conventional radio-frequency accelerators (about 0.1 gigavolt per metre). However, the low stored energy of laser pulses and electron bunches means that multiple acceleration stages are needed to reach very high particle energies5,12. The use of proton bunches is compelling because they have the potential to drive wakefields and to accelerate electrons to high energy in a single acceleration stage13. Long, thin proton bunches can be used because they undergo a process called self-modulation14–16, a particle–plasma interaction that splits the bunch longitudinally into a series of high-density microbunches, which then act resonantly to create large wakefields. The Advanced Wakefield (AWAKE) experiment at CERN17–19 uses high-intensity proton bunches—in which each proton has an energy of 400 gigaelectronvolts, resulting in a total bunch energy of 19 kilojoules—to drive a wakefield in a ten-metre-long plasma. Electron bunches are then injected into this wakefield. Here we present measurements of electrons accelerated up to two gigaelectronvolts at the AWAKE experiment, in a demonstration of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. Measurements were conducted under various plasma conditions and the acceleration was found to be consistent and reliable. The potential for this scheme to produce very high-energy electron bunches in a single accelerating stage20 means that our results are an important step towards the development of future high-energy particle accelerators21,22. Electron acceleration to very high energies is achieved in a single step by injecting electrons into a ‘wake’ of charge created in a 10-metre-long plasma by speeding long proton bunches.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Adli
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - O Apsimon
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
| | - R Apsimon
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK.,Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - A-M Bachmann
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.,Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany.,Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - F Batsch
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.,Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany.,Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - T Bohl
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - G Burt
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK.,Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - B Buttenschön
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Caldwell
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - L H Deubner
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - A Dexter
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK.,Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - J Farmer
- Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - R Fiorito
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK.,University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - R A Fonseca
- ISCTE-Instituto Universitéario de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - A A Gorn
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - O Grulke
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany.,Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - A Helm
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J R Henderson
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK.,Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - M Hüther
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - M Ibison
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK.,University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - F Kraus
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Y Li
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
| | - S Liu
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - N Lopes
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - K V Lotov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - M Martyanov
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - V A Minakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - J Mitchell
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK.,Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - J T Moody
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - M Moreira
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.,GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P Muggli
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.,Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - E Öz
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - F Peña Asmus
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany.,Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - A Perera
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK.,University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Petrenko
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.,Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S Pitman
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK.,Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - A Pukhov
- Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S Rey
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Rieger
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - H Ruhl
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | | | - I A Shalimova
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - L O Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L Soby
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A P Sosedkin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - R I Spitsyn
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - P V Tuev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | - L Verra
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.,University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - J Vieira
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C P Welsch
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK.,University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B Williamson
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
| | | | | | - G Xia
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
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30
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Jorge AM, Schneider J, Unsleber S, Xia G, Mayer C, Peschel A. Staphylococcus aureus counters phosphate limitation by scavenging wall teichoic acids from other staphylococci via the teichoicase GlpQ. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14916-14924. [PMID: 30068554 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is part of the human nasal and skin microbiomes along with other bacterial commensals and opportunistic pathogens. Nutrients are scarce in these habitats, demanding effective nutrient acquisition and competition strategies. How S. aureus copes with phosphate limitation is still unknown. Wall teichoic acid (WTA), a polyol-phosphate polymer, could serve as a phosphate source, but whether S. aureus can utilize it during phosphate starvation remains unknown. S. aureus secretes a glycerophosphodiesterase, GlpQ, that cleaves a broad variety of glycerol-3-phosphate (GroP) headgroups of deacylated phospholipids, providing this bacterium with GroP as a carbon and phosphate source. Here we demonstrate that GlpQ can also use glycerophosphoglycerol derived from GroP WTA from coagulase-negative Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus capitis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, which share the nasal and skin habitats with S. aureus Therefore, S. aureus GlpQ is the first reported WTA-hydrolyzing enzyme, or teichoicase, from Staphylococcus Activity assays revealed that unmodified WTA is the preferred GlpQ substrate, and the results from MS analysis suggested that GlpQ uses an exolytic cleavage mechanism. Importantly, GlpQ did not hydrolyze the ribitol-5-phosphate WTA polymers of S. aureus, underscoring its role in interspecies competition rather than in S. aureus cell wall homeostasis or WTA recycling. glpQ expression was strongly up-regulated under phosphate limitation, and GlpQ allowed S. aureus to grow in the presence of GroP WTA as the sole phosphate source. Our study reveals a novel and unprecedented strategy of S. aureus for acquiring phosphate from bacterial competitors under the phosphate-limiting conditions in the nasal or skin environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Jorge
- From the Infection Biology Department, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, .,the German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Tübingen, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, and
| | - Jonathan Schneider
- From the Infection Biology Department, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,the German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Tübingen, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, and
| | - Sandra Unsleber
- the Microbiology/Biotechnology Department, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Guoqing Xia
- From the Infection Biology Department, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,the German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Tübingen, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, and
| | - Christoph Mayer
- the Microbiology/Biotechnology Department, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peschel
- From the Infection Biology Department, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,the German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Tübingen, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, and
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31
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Grunert T, Jovanovic D, Sirisarn W, Johler S, Weidenmaier C, Ehling-Schulz M, Xia G. Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus wall teichoic acid glycoepitopes by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy provides novel insights into the staphylococcal glycocode. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1889. [PMID: 29382892 PMCID: PMC5789974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface carbohydrate moieties are essential for bacterial communication, phage-bacteria and host-pathogen interaction. Most Staphylococcus aureus produce polyribitolphosphate type Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) substituted with α- and/or β-O-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine (α-/β-O-GlcNAc) residues. GlcNAc modifications have attracted particular interest, as they were shown to govern staphylococcal adhesion to host cells, to promote phage susceptibility conferring beta-lactam resistance and are an important target for antimicrobial agents and vaccines. However, there is a lack of rapid, reliable, and convenient methods to detect and quantify these sugar residues. Whole cell Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy could meet these demands and was employed to analyse WTAs and WTA glycosylation in S. aureus. Using S. aureus mutants, we found that a complete loss of WTA expression resulted in strong FTIR spectral perturbations mainly related to carbohydrates and phosphorus-containing molecules. We could demonstrate that α- or β-O-GlcNAc WTA substituents can be clearly differentiated by chemometrically assisted FTIR spectroscopy. Our results suggest that whole cell FTIR spectroscopy represents a powerful and reliable method for large scale analysis of WTA glycosylation, thus opening up a complete new range of options for deciphering the staphylococcal pathogenesis related glycocode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Grunert
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Dijana Jovanovic
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wanchat Sirisarn
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Johler
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Weidenmaier
- Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of Tübingen and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guoqing Xia
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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32
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Wei Y, Ibison M, Xia G, Smith JDA, Welsch CP. Dual-grating dielectric accelerators driven by a pulse-front-tilted laser. Appl Opt 2017; 56:8201-8206. [PMID: 29047697 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.008201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates numerically dual-grating dielectric laser-driven accelerators driven by a pulse-front-tilted (PFT) laser, which extends the interaction length and boosts the electrons' energy gain. The optical system necessary to generate PFT laser beams with an ultrashort pulse duration of 100 fs is also studied in detail. Through two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we show that such a PFT laser effectively increases the energy gain by (91±25) % compared to that of a normally incident laser with a waist radius of 50 μm for a 100-period dual-grating structure.
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33
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Lo CN, Xia G, Leung BP. The effect of nerve mobilization exercise in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study. Reumatismo 2017; 69:111-118. [PMID: 28933133 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2017.918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints. The neurogenic inflammatory mechanism plays an important role in the inflammatory process of RA, and pathological changes in neural tissues in RA have also been noted. We aim to investigate treatment of the nervous system to relieve joint pain and inflammation in RA. Nerve mobilization, a nervous system-specific therapeutic exercise, was applied on RA patients to determine the effect of nerve mobilization on joint inflammation. Twelve RA patients were recruited from the community and were randomised into an experimental and a control group. In the experimental group, the subjects were taught a set of nerve mobilization exercises while the subjects in the control group were taught a set of gentle joint mobilization exercises. Both groups were instructed to practice the exercises daily. After a 4-week period, their RA pain scale (RAPS) and pain scores were examined, as well as the C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Subjects in the experimental group showed improvements in RAPS and pain scores after 4 weeks of nerve mobilization exercises, while CRP and ESR values remained unaffected. These preliminary data showed that nerve mobilization exercises might be beneficial in controlling joint pain in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-N Lo
- Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore.
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Jin SQ, Huang C, Xia G, Hu MY, Liu ZJ. Bandwidth correction in the spectral measurement of light-emitting diodes. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2017; 34:1476-1480. [PMID: 29036149 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.34.001476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are widely employed in industrial applications and scientific research. However, spectral distortions will occur due to the broadening effects of the spectrometer when an LED spectrum is obtained with a spectrometer. In this paper, a novel approach is put forward to correct bandwidth for an LED spectrum based on a Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and He-Zheng model. We compare estimation errors of different LED spectra by using the proposed method along with the Richardson-Lucy method and differential operator approach. The experimental results show that the effect of the proposed approach is better than that of the other two methods.
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Walker PA, Alesini PD, Alexandrova AS, Anania MP, Andreev NE, Andriyash I, Aschikhin A, Assmann RW, Audet T, Bacci A, Barna IF, Beaton A, Beck A, Beluze A, Bernhard A, Bielawski S, Bisesto FG, Boedewadt J, Brandi F, Bringer O, Brinkmann R, Bründermann E, Büscher M, Bussmann M, Bussolino GC, Chance A, Chanteloup JC, Chen M, Chiadroni E, Cianchi A, Clarke J, Cole J, Couprie ME, Croia M, Cros B, Dale J, Dattoli G, Delerue N, Delferriere O, Delinikolas P, Dias J, Dorda U, Ertel K, Ferran Pousa A, Ferrario M, Filippi F, Fils J, Fiorito R, Fonseca RA, Galimberti M, Gallo A, Garzella D, Gastinel P, Giove D, Giribono A, Gizzi LA, Grüner FJ, Habib AF, Haefner LC, Heinemann T, Hidding B, Holzer BJ, Hooker SM, Hosokai T, Irman A, Jaroszynski DA, Jaster-Merz S, Joshi C, Kaluza MC, Kando M, Karger OS, Karsch S, Khazanov E, Khikhlukha D, Knetsch A, Kocon D, Koester P, Kononenko O, Korn G, Kostyukov I, Labate L, Lechner C, Leemans WP, Lehrach A, Li FY, Li X, Libov V, Lifschitz A, Litvinenko V, Lu W, Maier AR, Malka V, Manahan GG, Mangles SPD, Marchetti B, Marocchino A, Martinez de la Ossa A, Martins JL, Massimo F, Mathieu F, Maynard G, Mehrling TJ, Molodozhentsev AY, Mosnier A, Mostacci A, Mueller AS, Najmudin Z, Nghiem PAP, Nguyen F, Niknejadi P, Osterhoff J, Papadopoulos D, Patrizi B, Pattathil R, Petrillo V, Pocsai MA, Poder K, Pompili R, Pribyl L, Pugacheva D, Romeo S, Rossi AR, Roussel E, Sahai AA, Scherkl P, Schramm U, Schroeder CB, Schwindling J, Scifo J, Serafini L, Sheng ZM, Silva LO, Silva T, Simon C, Sinha U, Specka A, Streeter MJV, Svystun EN, Symes D, Szwaj C, Tauscher G, Thomas AGR, Thompson N, Toci G, Tomassini P, Vaccarezza C, Vannini M, Vieira JM, Villa F, Wahlström CG, Walczak R, Weikum MK, Welsch CP, Wiemann C, Wolfenden J, Xia G, Yabashi M, Yu L, Zhu J, Zigler A. Horizon 2020 EuPRAXIA design study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/874/1/012029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sun YC, Huang C, Xia G, Jin SQ, Lu HB. Accurate wavelength calibration method for compact CCD spectrometer. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2017; 34:498-505. [PMID: 28375319 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.34.000498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wavelength calibration is an important step in charge-coupled device (CCD) spectrometers. In this paper, an accurate calibration method is proposed. A model of a line profile spectrum is built at the beginning, followed by noise reduction, bandwidth correction, and automatic peak-seeking treatment. Experimental tests are conducted on the USB4000 spectrometer with a mercury-argon calibration light source. Compared with the traditional method, the results show that this wavelength calibration procedure obtains higher accuracy and the deviations are within 0.1 nm.
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Bleiziffer I, Eikmeier J, Pohlentz G, McAulay K, Xia G, Hussain M, Peschel A, Foster S, Peters G, Heilmann C. The Plasmin-Sensitive Protein Pls in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Is a Glycoprotein. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006110. [PMID: 28081265 PMCID: PMC5230774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Most bacterial glycoproteins identified to date are virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria, i.e. adhesins and invasins. However, the impact of protein glycosylation on the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus remains incompletely understood. To study protein glycosylation in staphylococci, we analyzed lysostaphin lysates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains by SDS-PAGE and subsequent periodic acid-Schiff’s staining. We detected four (>300, ∼250, ∼165, and ∼120 kDa) and two (>300 and ∼175 kDa) glycosylated surface proteins with strain COL and strain 1061, respectively. The ∼250, ∼165, and ∼175 kDa proteins were identified as plasmin-sensitive protein (Pls) by mass spectrometry. Previously, Pls has been demonstrated to be a virulence factor in a mouse septic arthritis model. The pls gene is encoded by the staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC)mec type I in MRSA that also encodes the methicillin resistance-conferring mecA and further genes. In a search for glycosyltransferases, we identified two open reading frames encoded downstream of pls on the SCCmec element, which we termed gtfC and gtfD. Expression and deletion analysis revealed that both gtfC and gtfD mediate glycosylation of Pls. Additionally, the recently reported glycosyltransferases SdgA and SdgB are involved in Pls glycosylation. Glycosylation occurs at serine residues in the Pls SD-repeat region and modifying carbohydrates are N-acetylhexosaminyl residues. Functional characterization revealed that Pls can confer increased biofilm formation, which seems to involve two distinct mechanisms. The first mechanism depends on glycosylation of the SD-repeat region by GtfC/GtfD and probably also involves eDNA, while the second seems to be independent of glycosylation as well as eDNA and may involve the centrally located G5 domains. Other previously known Pls properties are not related to the sugar modifications. In conclusion, Pls is a glycoprotein and Pls glycosyl residues can stimulate biofilm formation. Thus, sugar modifications may represent promising new targets for novel therapeutic or prophylactic measures against life-threatening S. aureus infections. Staphylococcus aureus is a serious pathogen that causes life-threatening infections due to its ability to attach to surfaces, form biofilms, and persist inside the host. One of previously identified virulence factors in S. aureus pathogenesis is the plasmin-sensitive surface protein Pls. We here identified Pls as a posttranslationally modified glycoprotein and characterized the domain within Pls that becomes glycosylated as well as the modifying sugars. Moreover, we found that the glycosyltransferases GtfC and GtfD carry out the glycosylation reactions. In a search for a role for the modifying sugars, we found that Pls can stimulate biofilm formation apparently via two distinct mechanisms, one being dependent on glycosylation by GtfC and GtfD the other being independent of glycosylation as well as eDNA. Moreover, we found that none of the already known Pls functions is mediated by the sugar moieties. Thus, we conclude that GtfC/GtfD-glycosylated Pls may contribute to MRSA pathogenicity via stimulation of biofilm formation and may serve as future target to combat or prevent infections with this serious pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Bleiziffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Julian Eikmeier
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Kathryn McAulay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Guoqing Xia
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Muzaffar Hussain
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Foster
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Georg Peters
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christine Heilmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Waters EM, Rudkin JK, Coughlan S, Clair GC, Adkins JN, Gore S, Xia G, Black NS, Downing T, O'Neill E, Kadioglu A, O'Gara JP. Redeploying β-Lactam Antibiotics as a Novel Antivirulence Strategy for the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections. J Infect Dis 2016; 215:80-87. [PMID: 28077586 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovative approaches to the use of existing antibiotics is an important strategy in efforts to address the escalating antimicrobial resistance crisis. We report a new approach to the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections by demonstrating that oxacillin can be used to significantly attenuate the virulence of MRSA despite the pathogen being resistant to this drug. Using mechanistic in vitro assays and in vivo models of invasive pneumonia and sepsis, we show that oxacillin-treated MRSA strains are significantly attenuated in virulence. This effect is based primarily on the oxacillin-dependent repression of the accessory gene regulator quorum-sensing system and altered cell wall architecture, which in turn lead to increased susceptibility to host killing of MRSA. Our data indicate that β-lactam antibiotics should be included in the treatment regimen as an adjunct antivirulence therapy for patients with MRSA infections. This would represent an important change to current clinical practice for treatment of MRSA infection, with the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes in a safe, cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Waters
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool
| | | | - Simone Coughlan
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland, Galway
| | - Geremy C Clair
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
| | - Joshua N Adkins
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
| | - Suzanna Gore
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool
| | - Guoqing Xia
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nikki S Black
- Department of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences
| | - Tim Downing
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland, Galway.,School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University
| | - Eoghan O'Neill
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Connolly Hospital, Dublin
| | - Aras Kadioglu
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool
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40
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Li X, Koç C, Kühner P, Stierhof YD, Krismer B, Enright MC, Penadés JR, Wolz C, Stehle T, Cambillau C, Peschel A, Xia G. An essential role for the baseplate protein Gp45 in phage adsorption to Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26455. [PMID: 27212064 PMCID: PMC4876445 DOI: 10.1038/srep26455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of phages in driving horizontal gene transfer (HGT) among pathogenic bacteria, the underlying molecular mechanisms mediating phage adsorption to S. aureus are still unclear. Phage ϕ11 is a siphovirus with a high transducing efficiency. Here, we show that the tail protein Gp45 localized within the ϕ11 baseplate. Phage ϕ11 was efficiently neutralized by anti-Gp45 serum, and its adsorption to host cells was inhibited by recombinant Gp45 in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that biotin-labelled Gp45 efficiently stained the wild-type S. aureus cell but not the double knockout mutant ΔtarM/S, which lacks both α- and β-O-GlcNAc residues on its wall teichoic acids (WTAs). Additionally, adsorption assays indicate that GlcNAc residues on WTAs and O-acetyl groups at the 6-position of muramic acid residues in peptidoglycan are essential components of the ϕ11 receptor. The elucidation of Gp45-involved molecular interactions not only broadens our understanding of siphovirus-mediated HGT, but also lays the groundwork for the development of sensitive affinity-based diagnostics and therapeutics for S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Li
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cengiz Koç
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Petra Kühner
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - York-Dieter Stierhof
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Krismer
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mark C Enright
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom
| | - José R Penadés
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christiane Wolz
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thilo Stehle
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Cambillau
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6098, Campus de Luminy, Case 932, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Germany
| | - Guoqing Xia
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Inflammation &Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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Xia G, Pang C, Xue J. Fuzzy neural network-based robust adaptive control for dynamic positioning of underwater vehicles with input dead-zone. IFS 2015. [DOI: 10.3233/ifs-151961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Li X, Gerlach D, Du X, Larsen J, Stegger M, Kühner P, Peschel A, Xia G, Winstel V. An accessory wall teichoic acid glycosyltransferase protects Staphylococcus aureus from the lytic activity of Podoviridae. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17219. [PMID: 26596631 PMCID: PMC4667565 DOI: 10.1038/srep17219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Many Staphylococcus aureus have lost a major genetic barrier against phage infection, termed clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR/cas). Hence, S. aureus strains frequently exchange genetic material via phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer events, but, in turn, are vulnerable in particular to lytic phages. Here, a novel strategy of S. aureus is described, which protects S. aureus against the lytic activity of Podoviridae, a unique family of staphylococcal lytic phages with short, non-contractile tails. Unlike most staphylococcal phages, Podoviridae require a precise wall teichoic acid (WTA) glycosylation pattern for infection. Notably, TarM-mediated WTA α-O-GlcNAcylation prevents infection of Podoviridae while TarS-mediated WTA β-O-GlcNAcylation is required for S. aureus susceptibility to podoviruses. Tracking the evolution of TarM revealed an ancient origin in other staphylococci and vertical inheritance during S. aureus evolution. However, certain phylogenetic branches have lost tarM during evolution, which rendered them podovirus-susceptible. Accordingly, lack of tarM correlates with podovirus susceptibility and can be converted into a podovirus-resistant phenotype upon ectopic expression of tarM indicating that a "glyco-switch" of WTA O-GlcNAcylation can prevent the infection by certain staphylococcal phages. Since lytic staphylococcal phages are considered as anti-S. aureus agents, these data may help to establish valuable strategies for treatment of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Li
- Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Gerlach
- Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xin Du
- Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jesper Larsen
- Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Stegger
- Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Pathogen Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 3051 W Shamrell Blvd, Flagstaff, 86001 Arizona, USA
| | - Petra Kühner
- Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Guoqing Xia
- Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Inflammation &Repair, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Volker Winstel
- Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Kang J, Zuo Y, Guo Q, Wang H, Liu Q, Liu Q, Xia G, Kang Y. Xylaria hypoxylon Lectin as Adjuvant Elicited Tfh Cell Responses. Scand J Immunol 2015; 82:436-42. [PMID: 26289530 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) caused by FMD virus (FMDV) is a major health and economic problem in the farming industry. Vaccination of livestock against this highly infectious viral disease is crucial, and inactivated FMD vaccine has been effective at controlling infection. However, accumulated data show that the inactivated vaccine generates weak immune responses and that the oil formulation results in undesirable side effects. Mushroom lectins have recently been shown to display adjuvant effects when incorporated into DNA vaccines. In this study, to enhance the cellular immune response of FMDV antigen (146S), C57BL/6 mice were immunized with 146S combined with Xylaria hypoxylon lectin (XHL). The oil formulation (146S/Oil) was served as control group. Strong humoral immune responses were elicited in mice immunized with 146S/XHL as shown by high 146S antigen-specific IgG levels, and also in 146S/Oil group. Interestingly, XHL in conjunction with inactivated FMD vaccine activated strong Th1 and Tc1 cell responses, especially Tfh cell responses, in immunized mice. XHL stimulated dendritic cell maturation by upregulating expression of major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) molecules and co-stimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86 in immunized mice. No XHL-specific IgG or inflammatory factors were detected indicating the safety of XHL as an adjuvant. Taken together, these results suggest the effectiveness of XHL at inducing cellular immune responses and therefore confirm its suitability as an adjuvant for inactivated FMD vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kang
- Department of Modern Sciences &Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, china, China
| | - Y Zuo
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Q Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - H Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Q Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Q Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - G Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Xia G, Botros P, Laguna J, Ashizawa T, Jankovic J. Bolivian kindred with combined spinocerebellar ataxia types 2 and 10. Acta Neurol Scand 2015; 132:139-42. [PMID: 25630585 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) are a group of rare hereditary neurodegenerative disorders. Rare cases of two SCA mutations in the same individual have been reported in the literature, however, family descriptions are lacking. AIMS To characterize a family with combined SCA2 and SCA10 mutations. MATERIALS & METHODS Analysis of the clinical features and genetic findings of a Bolivian family expressing both SCA2 and SCA10 mutations. RESULTS The index case and his mother had both SCA2 and SCA10 mutations with a combined clinical phenotype of both disorders, including slow saccades (SCA2) and seizures (SCA10). The uncle of the index case had only an SCA10 mutation. DISCUSSION Although the presence of two SCA mutations in the same individuals may be coincidental, the low probability of having both mutations suggests that these mutations might be particularly prevalent in Bolivian population. CONCLUSION This is the first description of a family with two SCA mutations with affected subjects having a combined SCA2 and SCA10 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. F. Baizabal-Carvallo
- Department of Neurology; Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - G. Xia
- Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - P. Botros
- College of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - J. Laguna
- Hospital Universitario Japones; Santa Cruz Bolivia
| | - T. Ashizawa
- Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - J. Jankovic
- Department of Neurology; Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
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Gao S, Li H, Zhou XQ, You JB, Tu DN, Xia G, Jiang JX, Xin C. Withaferin A attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in neonatal rats. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2015; 61:102-106. [PMID: 26255139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Withaferin A (WFA) is an active compound from Withania somnifera and has been reported to exhibit a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti—inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti—tumor properties. In the present study, we investigated the potential protective role of WFA on acute lung injury in neonatal rats induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that WFA significantly attenuated the pathological changes of lungs induced by LPS injection. Administration with WFA obviously decreased pulmonary neutrophil infiltration accompanied with decreased MPO concentrations. WFA also reduced the expression of pro—inflammatory cytokines including MIP—2, TNF—α, IL—1β and IL—6. Meanwhile, the expression levels of anti—inflammatory mediators such as TGF—β1 and IL—10 were significantly increased following WFA administration. Moreover, WFA protected LPS—treated rats from oxidative damage via up—regulation of TBARS and H2O2 concentrations and down—regulation of ROS contents. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that WFA administration attenuated LPS—induced lung injury through inhibition of inflammatory responses and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gao
- Woman and Child Hospital of Hubei Province Department of Pediatrics Wuhan China
| | - H Li
- Woman and Child Hospital of Hubei Province Department of Pediatrics Wuhan China
| | - X-Q Zhou
- Woman and Child Hospital of Hubei Province Department of Pediatrics Wuhan China
| | - J-B You
- Woman and Child Hospital of Hubei Province Department of Pediatrics Wuhan China Youjb5813@163.com
| | - D-N Tu
- Woman and Child Hospital of Hubei Province Department of Pediatrics Wuhan China
| | - G Xia
- Xinhua Hospital of Hubei Province Department of Pathology Wuhan China
| | - J-X Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College Department of Biliary—Hepatic Surgery Guiyang China
| | - C Xin
- Woman and Child Hospital of Hubei Province Department of Pediatrics Wuhan China
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Koç C, Gerlach D, Beck S, Peschel A, Xia G, Stehle T. Structural and enzymatic analysis of TarM glycosyltransferase from Staphylococcus aureus reveals an oligomeric protein specific for the glycosylation of wall teichoic acid. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9874-85. [PMID: 25697358 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.619924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anionic glycopolymers known as wall teichoic acids (WTAs) functionalize the peptidoglycan layers of many Gram-positive bacteria. WTAs play central roles in many fundamental aspects of bacterial physiology, and they are important determinants of pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance. A number of enzymes that glycosylate WTA in Staphylococcus aureus have recently been identified. Among these is the glycosyltransferase TarM, a component of the WTA de novo biosynthesis pathway. TarM performs the synthesis of α-O-N-acetylglycosylated poly-5'-phosphoribitol in the WTA structure. We have solved the crystal structure of TarM at 2.4 Å resolution, and we have also determined a structure of the enzyme in complex with its substrate UDP-GlcNAc at 2.8 Å resolution. The protein assembles into a propeller-like homotrimer in which each blade contains a GT-B-type glycosyltransferase domain with a typical Rossmann fold. The enzymatic reaction retains the stereochemistry of the anomeric center of the transferred GlcNAc-moiety on the polyribitol backbone. TarM assembles into a trimer using a novel trimerization domain, here termed the HUB domain. Structure-guided mutagenesis experiments of TarM identify residues critical for enzyme activity, assign a putative role for the HUB in TarM function, and allow us to propose a likely reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Koç
- From the Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Gerlach
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology Section, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Beck
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology Section, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology Section, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Guoqing Xia
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology Section, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Stopford Building, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom, and
| | - Thilo Stehle
- From the Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennesse 37232
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47
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Fan D, Ding N, Yang T, Wu S, Liu S, Liu L, Hu Y, Duan Z, Xia G, Xu S, Xu J, Ding C, Pan F. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the interleukin-33 (IL-33) gene are associated with ankylosing spondylitis in Chinese individuals: a case–control pilot study. Scand J Rheumatol 2014; 43:374-9. [DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2014.882408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University,
Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - N Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University,
Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - T Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University,
Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - S Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University,
Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - S Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University,
Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University,
Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Y Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University,
Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Z Duan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University,
Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - G Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University,
Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - S Xu
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University,
Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - J Xu
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University,
Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - C Ding
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University,
Hefei, Anhui, China
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania,
Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - F Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University,
Hefei, Anhui, China
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Winstel V, Liang C, Sanchez-Carballo P, Steglich M, Munar M, Bröker BM, Penadés JR, Nübel U, Holst O, Dandekar T, Peschel A, Xia G. Wall teichoic acid structure governs horizontal gene transfer between major bacterial pathogens. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2345. [PMID: 23965785 PMCID: PMC3903184 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) encoding virulence and resistance genes are widespread in bacterial pathogens, but it has remained unclear how they occasionally jump to new host species. Staphylococcus aureus clones exchange MGEs such as S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) with high frequency via helper phages. Here we report that the S. aureus ST395 lineage is refractory to horizontal gene transfer (HGT) with typical S. aureus but exchanges SaPIs with other species and genera including Staphylococcus epidermidis and Listeria monocytogenes. ST395 produces an unusual wall teichoic acid (WTA) resembling that of its HGT partner species. Notably, distantly related bacterial species and genera undergo efficient HGT with typical S. aureus upon ectopic expression of S. aureus WTA. Combined with genomic analyses, these results indicate that a ‘glycocode’ of WTA structures and WTA-binding helper phages permits HGT even across long phylogenetic distances thereby shaping the evolution of Gram-positive pathogens. Horizontal gene transfer of mobile genetic elements contributes to bacterial evolution and emergence of new pathogens. Here the authors demonstrate that the highly diverse structure of wall teichoic acid polymers governs horizontal gene transfer among Gram-positive pathogens, even across long phylogenetic distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Winstel
- Cellular and Molecular Microbiology Division, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 6, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. Yu
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009, China
| | - X. Jiang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009, China
| | - L. Zhou
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009, China
| | - G. Xia
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009, China
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50
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Shen Y, Yang H, Xia G, Wang J, Cai B, Jia X. Isolation of gallic acid and methyl gallate from folium Toonea Sinensis and validated method for their quantitation using LC-based technologies. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.25.2013.4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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