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Spencer HL, Sanders R, Boulberdaa M, Meloni M, Cochrane A, Spiroski AM, Mountford J, Emanueli C, Caporali A, Brittan M, Rodor J, Baker AH. The LINC00961 transcript and its encoded micropeptide, small regulatory polypeptide of amino acid response, regulate endothelial cell function. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:1981-1994. [PMID: 31990292 PMCID: PMC8216332 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play functional roles in physiology and disease, yet understanding of their contribution to endothelial cell (EC) function is incomplete. We identified lncRNAs regulated during EC differentiation and investigated the role of LINC00961 and its encoded micropeptide, small regulatory polypeptide of amino acid response (SPAAR), in EC function. METHODS AND RESULTS Deep sequencing of human embryonic stem cell differentiation to ECs was combined with Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) RNA-seq data from vascular cells, identifying 278 endothelial enriched genes, including 6 lncRNAs. Expression of LINC00961, first annotated as an lncRNA but reassigned as a protein-coding gene for the SPAAR micropeptide, was increased during the differentiation and was EC enriched. LINC00961 transcript depletion significantly reduced EC adhesion, tube formation, migration, proliferation, and barrier integrity in primary ECs. Overexpression of the SPAAR open reading frame increased tubule formation; however, overexpression of the full-length transcript did not, despite production of SPAAR. Furthermore, overexpression of an ATG mutant of the full-length transcript reduced network formation, suggesting a bona fide non-coding RNA function of the transcript with opposing effects to SPAAR. As the LINC00961 locus is conserved in mouse, we generated an LINC00961 locus knockout (KO) mouse that underwent hind limb ischaemia (HLI) to investigate the angiogenic role of this locus in vivo. In agreement with in vitro data, KO animals had a reduced capillary density in the ischaemic adductor muscle after 7 days. Finally, to characterize LINC00961 and SPAAR independent functions in ECs, we performed pull-downs of both molecules and identified protein-binding partners. LINC00961 RNA binds the G-actin sequestering protein thymosin beta-4x (Tβ4) and Tβ4 depletion phenocopied the overexpression of the ATG mutant. SPAAR binding partners included the actin-binding protein, SYNE1. CONCLUSION The LINC00961 locus regulates EC function in vitro and in vivo. The gene produces two molecules with opposing effects on angiogenesis: SPAAR and LINC00961.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Spencer
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research
Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh
EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Rachel Sanders
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research
Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh
EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Mounia Boulberdaa
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research
Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh
EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Marco Meloni
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research
Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh
EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Amy Cochrane
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research
Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh
EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ana-Mishel Spiroski
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research
Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh
EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Joanne Mountford
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of
Glasgow, 126 University Pl, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Vascular Sciences and Cardiac Function,
Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College
London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Andrea Caporali
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research
Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh
EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Mairi Brittan
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research
Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh
EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Julie Rodor
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research
Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh
EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research
Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh
EH16 4TJ, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of
Glasgow, 126 University Pl, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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MacAskill MG, Saif J, Condie A, Jansen MA, MacGillivray TJ, Tavares AAS, Fleisinger L, Spencer HL, Besnier M, Martin E, Biglino G, Newby DE, Hadoke PWF, Mountford JC, Emanueli C, Baker AH. Robust Revascularization in Models of Limb Ischemia Using a Clinically Translatable Human Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cell Product. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1669-1684. [PMID: 29703701 PMCID: PMC6035339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell-derived differentiated endothelial cells offer high potential in regenerative medicine in the cardiovascular system. With the aim of translating the use of a human stem cell-derived endothelial cell product (hESC-ECP) for treatment of critical limb ischemia (CLI) in man, we report a good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compatible protocol and detailed cell tracking and efficacy data in multiple preclinical models. The clinical-grade cell line RC11 was used to generate hESC-ECP, which was identified as mostly endothelial (60% CD31+/CD144+), with the remainder of the subset expressing various pericyte/mesenchymal stem cell markers. Cell tracking using MRI, PET, and qPCR in a murine model of limb ischemia demonstrated that hESC-ECP was detectable up to day 7 following injection. Efficacy in several murine models of limb ischemia (immunocompromised/immunocompetent mice and mice with either type I/II diabetes mellitus) demonstrated significantly increased blood perfusion and capillary density. Overall, we demonstrate a GMP-compatible hESC-ECP that improved ischemic limb perfusion and increased local angiogenesis without engraftment, paving the way for translation of this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G MacAskill
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jaimy Saif
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alison Condie
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maurits A Jansen
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Adriana A S Tavares
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lucija Fleisinger
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Helen L Spencer
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marie Besnier
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ernesto Martin
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Giovanni Biglino
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David E Newby
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Patrick W F Hadoke
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanne C Mountford
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Avolio E, Rodriguez-Arabaolaza I, Spencer HL, Riu F, Mangialardi G, Slater SC, Rowlinson J, Alvino VV, Idowu OO, Soyombo S, Oikawa A, Swim MM, Kong CHT, Cheng H, Jia H, Ghorbel MT, Hancox JC, Orchard CH, Angelini G, Emanueli C, Caputo M, Madeddu P. Expansion and characterization of neonatal cardiac pericytes provides a novel cellular option for tissue engineering in congenital heart disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:e002043. [PMID: 26080813 PMCID: PMC4599542 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Living grafts produced by combining autologous heart-resident stem/progenitor cells and tissue engineering could provide a new therapeutic option for definitive correction of congenital heart disease. The aim of the study was to investigate the antigenic profile, expansion/differentiation capacity, paracrine activity, and pro-angiogenic potential of cardiac pericytes and to assess their engrafting capacity in clinically certified prosthetic grafts. Methods and Results CD34pos cells, negative for the endothelial markers CD31 and CD146, were identified by immunohistochemistry in cardiac leftovers from infants and children undergoing palliative repair of congenital cardiac defects. Following isolation by immunomagnetic bead-sorting and culture on plastic in EGM-2 medium supplemented with growth factors and serum, CD34pos/CD31neg cells gave rise to a clonogenic, highly proliferative (>20 million at P5), spindle-shape cell population. The following populations were shown to expresses pericyte/mesenchymal and stemness markers. After exposure to differentiation media, the expanded cardiac pericytes acquired markers of vascular smooth muscle cells, but failed to differentiate into endothelial cells or cardiomyocytes. However, in Matrigel, cardiac pericytes form networks and enhance the network capacity of endothelial cells. Moreover, they produce collagen-1 and release chemo-attractants that stimulate the migration of c-Kitpos cardiac stem cells. Cardiac pericytes were then seeded onto clinically approved xenograft scaffolds and cultured in a bioreactor. After 3 weeks, fluorescent microscopy showed that cardiac pericytes had penetrated into and colonized the graft. Conclusions These findings open new avenues for cellular functionalization of prosthetic grafts to be applied in reconstructive surgery of congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Avolio
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (E.A., I.R.A., H.L.S., F.R., G.M., S.C.S., J.R., V.V.A., O.O.I., S.S., A.O., P.M.)
| | - Iker Rodriguez-Arabaolaza
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (E.A., I.R.A., H.L.S., F.R., G.M., S.C.S., J.R., V.V.A., O.O.I., S.S., A.O., P.M.)
| | - Helen L Spencer
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (E.A., I.R.A., H.L.S., F.R., G.M., S.C.S., J.R., V.V.A., O.O.I., S.S., A.O., P.M.)
| | - Federica Riu
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (E.A., I.R.A., H.L.S., F.R., G.M., S.C.S., J.R., V.V.A., O.O.I., S.S., A.O., P.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Mangialardi
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (E.A., I.R.A., H.L.S., F.R., G.M., S.C.S., J.R., V.V.A., O.O.I., S.S., A.O., P.M.)
| | - Sadie C Slater
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (E.A., I.R.A., H.L.S., F.R., G.M., S.C.S., J.R., V.V.A., O.O.I., S.S., A.O., P.M.)
| | - Jonathan Rowlinson
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (E.A., I.R.A., H.L.S., F.R., G.M., S.C.S., J.R., V.V.A., O.O.I., S.S., A.O., P.M.)
| | - Valeria V Alvino
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (E.A., I.R.A., H.L.S., F.R., G.M., S.C.S., J.R., V.V.A., O.O.I., S.S., A.O., P.M.)
| | - Oluwasomidotun O Idowu
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (E.A., I.R.A., H.L.S., F.R., G.M., S.C.S., J.R., V.V.A., O.O.I., S.S., A.O., P.M.)
| | - Stephanie Soyombo
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (E.A., I.R.A., H.L.S., F.R., G.M., S.C.S., J.R., V.V.A., O.O.I., S.S., A.O., P.M.)
| | - Atsuhiko Oikawa
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (E.A., I.R.A., H.L.S., F.R., G.M., S.C.S., J.R., V.V.A., O.O.I., S.S., A.O., P.M.)
| | - Megan M Swim
- Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (M.M.S., H.J., M.T.G., M.C.)
| | - Cherrie H T Kong
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.T.K., H.C., J.C.H., C.H.O.)
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.T.K., H.C., J.C.H., C.H.O.)
| | - Huidong Jia
- Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (M.M.S., H.J., M.T.G., M.C.)
| | - Mohamed T Ghorbel
- Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (M.M.S., H.J., M.T.G., M.C.)
| | - Jules C Hancox
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.T.K., H.C., J.C.H., C.H.O.)
| | - Clive H Orchard
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.T.K., H.C., J.C.H., C.H.O.)
| | - Gianni Angelini
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (G.A.) Imperial College of London, London, United Kingdom (G.A., C.E.)
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- Vascular Pathology and Regeneration, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.E.) Imperial College of London, London, United Kingdom (G.A., C.E.)
| | - Massimo Caputo
- Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (M.M.S., H.J., M.T.G., M.C.)
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (E.A., I.R.A., H.L.S., F.R., G.M., S.C.S., J.R., V.V.A., O.O.I., S.S., A.O., P.M.)
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Ascione R, Rowlinson J, Avolio E, Katare R, Meloni M, Spencer HL, Mangialardi G, Norris C, Kränkel N, Spinetti G, Emanueli C, Madeddu P. Migration towards SDF-1 selects angiogenin-expressing bone marrow monocytes endowed with cardiac reparative activity in patients with previous myocardial infarction. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:53. [PMID: 25889213 PMCID: PMC4440500 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chemokine-directed migration is crucial for homing of regenerative cells to the infarcted heart and correlates with outcomes of cell therapy trials. Hence, transplantation of chemokine-responsive bone marrow cells may be ideal for treatment of myocardial ischemia. To verify the therapeutic activity of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) selected by in vitro migration towards the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI), we used BM-MNCs from patients with previous large MI recruited in the TransACT-1&2 cell therapy trials. Methods Unfractioned BM-MNCs, SDF-1-responsive, and SDF-1-nonresponsive BM-MNCs isolated by patients recruited in the TransACT-1&2 cell therapy trials were tested in Matrigel assay to evaluate angiogenic potential. Secretome and antigenic profile were characterized by flow cytometry. Angiogenin expression was measured by RT-PCR. Cells groups were also intramyocardially injected in an in vivo model of MI (8-week-old immune deficient CD1-FOXN1nu/nu mice). Echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements were performed before and at 14 days post-MI. Arterioles and capillaries density, infiltration of inflammatory cells, interstitial fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results In vitro migration enriched for monocytes, while CD34+ and CD133+ cells and T lymphocytes remained mainly confined in the non-migrated fraction. Unfractioned total BM-MNCs promoted angiogenesis on Matrigel more efficiently than migrated or non-migrated cells. In mice with induced MI, intramyocardial injection of unfractionated or migrated BM-MNCs was more effective in preserving cardiac contractility and pressure indexes than vehicle or non-migrated BM-MNCs. Moreover, unfractioned BM-MNCs enhanced neovascularization, whereas the migrated fraction was unique in reducing the infarct size and interstitial fibrosis. In vitro studies on isolated cardiomyocytes suggest participation of angiogenin, a secreted ribonuclease that inhibits protein translation under stress conditions, in promotion of cardiomyocyte survival by migrated BM-MNCs. Conclusions Transplantation of bone marrow cells helps post-MI healing through distinct actions on vascular cells and cardiomyocytes. In addition, the SDF-1-responsive fraction is enriched with angiogenin-expressing monocytes, which may improve cardiac recovery through activation of cardiomyocyte response to stress. Identification of factors linking migratory and therapeutic outcomes could help refine regenerative approaches. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0028-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimondo Ascione
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Jonathan Rowlinson
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Elisa Avolio
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Marco Meloni
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Helen L Spencer
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Giuseppe Mangialardi
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Caroline Norris
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | | | | | - Costanza Emanueli
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
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Avolio E, Meloni M, Spencer HL, Riu F, Katare R, Mangialardi G, Oikawa A, Rodriguez-Arabaolaza I, Dang Z, Mitchell K, Reni C, Alvino VV, Rowlinson J, Livi U, Cesselli D, Angelini G, Emanueli C, Beltrami AP, Madeddu P. Combined intramyocardial delivery of human pericytes and cardiac stem cells additively improves the healing of mouse infarcted hearts through stimulation of vascular and muscular repair. Circ Res 2015; 116:e81-94. [PMID: 25801898 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Optimization of cell therapy for cardiac repair may require the association of different cell populations with complementary activities. OBJECTIVE Compare the reparative potential of saphenous vein-derived pericytes (SVPs) with that of cardiac stem cells (CSCs) in a model of myocardial infarction, and investigate whether combined cell transplantation provides further improvements. METHODS AND RESULTS SVPs and CSCs were isolated from vein leftovers of coronary artery bypass graft surgery and discarded atrial specimens of transplanted hearts, respectively. Single or dual cell therapy (300 000 cells of each type per heart) was tested in infarcted SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency)-Beige mice. SVPs and CSCs alone improved cardiac contractility as assessed by echocardiography at 14 days post myocardial infarction. The effect was maintained, although attenuated at 42 days. At histological level, SVPs and CSCs similarly inhibited infarct size and interstitial fibrosis, SVPs were superior in inducing angiogenesis and CSCs in promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation and recruitment of endogenous stem cells. The combination of cells additively reduced the infarct size and promoted vascular proliferation and arteriogenesis, but did not surpass single therapies with regard to contractility indexes. SVPs and CSCs secrete similar amounts of hepatocyte growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, stem cell factor, and stromal cell-derived factor-1, whereas SVPs release higher quantities of angiopoietins and microRNA-132. Coculture of the 2 cell populations results in competitive as well as enhancing paracrine activities. In particular, the release of stromal cell-derived factor-1 was synergistically augmented along with downregulation of stromal cell-derived factor-1-degrading enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4. CONCLUSIONS Combinatory therapy with SVPs and CSCs may complementarily help the repair of infarcted hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Avolio
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A., H.L.S., F.R., R.K., G.M., A.O., I.R.-A., Z.D., K.M., C.R., V.V.A., J.R., P.M.) and Vascular Pathology and Regeneration (M.M., C.E.), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (M.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (R.K.); Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (D.C., A.P.B.) and Department of Experimental Medical and Clinical Sciences (U.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; and Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.A.)
| | - Marco Meloni
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A., H.L.S., F.R., R.K., G.M., A.O., I.R.-A., Z.D., K.M., C.R., V.V.A., J.R., P.M.) and Vascular Pathology and Regeneration (M.M., C.E.), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (M.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (R.K.); Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (D.C., A.P.B.) and Department of Experimental Medical and Clinical Sciences (U.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; and Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.A.)
| | - Helen L Spencer
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A., H.L.S., F.R., R.K., G.M., A.O., I.R.-A., Z.D., K.M., C.R., V.V.A., J.R., P.M.) and Vascular Pathology and Regeneration (M.M., C.E.), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (M.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (R.K.); Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (D.C., A.P.B.) and Department of Experimental Medical and Clinical Sciences (U.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; and Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.A.)
| | - Federica Riu
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A., H.L.S., F.R., R.K., G.M., A.O., I.R.-A., Z.D., K.M., C.R., V.V.A., J.R., P.M.) and Vascular Pathology and Regeneration (M.M., C.E.), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (M.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (R.K.); Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (D.C., A.P.B.) and Department of Experimental Medical and Clinical Sciences (U.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; and Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.A.)
| | - Rajesh Katare
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A., H.L.S., F.R., R.K., G.M., A.O., I.R.-A., Z.D., K.M., C.R., V.V.A., J.R., P.M.) and Vascular Pathology and Regeneration (M.M., C.E.), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (M.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (R.K.); Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (D.C., A.P.B.) and Department of Experimental Medical and Clinical Sciences (U.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; and Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Mangialardi
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A., H.L.S., F.R., R.K., G.M., A.O., I.R.-A., Z.D., K.M., C.R., V.V.A., J.R., P.M.) and Vascular Pathology and Regeneration (M.M., C.E.), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (M.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (R.K.); Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (D.C., A.P.B.) and Department of Experimental Medical and Clinical Sciences (U.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; and Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.A.)
| | - Atsuhiko Oikawa
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A., H.L.S., F.R., R.K., G.M., A.O., I.R.-A., Z.D., K.M., C.R., V.V.A., J.R., P.M.) and Vascular Pathology and Regeneration (M.M., C.E.), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (M.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (R.K.); Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (D.C., A.P.B.) and Department of Experimental Medical and Clinical Sciences (U.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; and Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.A.)
| | - Iker Rodriguez-Arabaolaza
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A., H.L.S., F.R., R.K., G.M., A.O., I.R.-A., Z.D., K.M., C.R., V.V.A., J.R., P.M.) and Vascular Pathology and Regeneration (M.M., C.E.), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (M.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (R.K.); Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (D.C., A.P.B.) and Department of Experimental Medical and Clinical Sciences (U.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; and Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.A.)
| | - Zexu Dang
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A., H.L.S., F.R., R.K., G.M., A.O., I.R.-A., Z.D., K.M., C.R., V.V.A., J.R., P.M.) and Vascular Pathology and Regeneration (M.M., C.E.), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (M.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (R.K.); Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (D.C., A.P.B.) and Department of Experimental Medical and Clinical Sciences (U.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; and Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.A.)
| | - Kathryn Mitchell
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A., H.L.S., F.R., R.K., G.M., A.O., I.R.-A., Z.D., K.M., C.R., V.V.A., J.R., P.M.) and Vascular Pathology and Regeneration (M.M., C.E.), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (M.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (R.K.); Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (D.C., A.P.B.) and Department of Experimental Medical and Clinical Sciences (U.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; and Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.A.)
| | - Carlotta Reni
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A., H.L.S., F.R., R.K., G.M., A.O., I.R.-A., Z.D., K.M., C.R., V.V.A., J.R., P.M.) and Vascular Pathology and Regeneration (M.M., C.E.), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (M.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (R.K.); Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (D.C., A.P.B.) and Department of Experimental Medical and Clinical Sciences (U.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; and Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.A.)
| | - Valeria V Alvino
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A., H.L.S., F.R., R.K., G.M., A.O., I.R.-A., Z.D., K.M., C.R., V.V.A., J.R., P.M.) and Vascular Pathology and Regeneration (M.M., C.E.), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (M.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (R.K.); Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (D.C., A.P.B.) and Department of Experimental Medical and Clinical Sciences (U.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; and Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.A.)
| | - Jonathan Rowlinson
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A., H.L.S., F.R., R.K., G.M., A.O., I.R.-A., Z.D., K.M., C.R., V.V.A., J.R., P.M.) and Vascular Pathology and Regeneration (M.M., C.E.), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (M.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (R.K.); Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (D.C., A.P.B.) and Department of Experimental Medical and Clinical Sciences (U.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; and Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.A.)
| | - Ugolini Livi
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A., H.L.S., F.R., R.K., G.M., A.O., I.R.-A., Z.D., K.M., C.R., V.V.A., J.R., P.M.) and Vascular Pathology and Regeneration (M.M., C.E.), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (M.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (R.K.); Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (D.C., A.P.B.) and Department of Experimental Medical and Clinical Sciences (U.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; and Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.A.)
| | - Daniela Cesselli
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A., H.L.S., F.R., R.K., G.M., A.O., I.R.-A., Z.D., K.M., C.R., V.V.A., J.R., P.M.) and Vascular Pathology and Regeneration (M.M., C.E.), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (M.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (R.K.); Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (D.C., A.P.B.) and Department of Experimental Medical and Clinical Sciences (U.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; and Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.A.)
| | - Gianni Angelini
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A., H.L.S., F.R., R.K., G.M., A.O., I.R.-A., Z.D., K.M., C.R., V.V.A., J.R., P.M.) and Vascular Pathology and Regeneration (M.M., C.E.), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (M.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (R.K.); Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (D.C., A.P.B.) and Department of Experimental Medical and Clinical Sciences (U.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; and Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.A.)
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A., H.L.S., F.R., R.K., G.M., A.O., I.R.-A., Z.D., K.M., C.R., V.V.A., J.R., P.M.) and Vascular Pathology and Regeneration (M.M., C.E.), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (M.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (R.K.); Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (D.C., A.P.B.) and Department of Experimental Medical and Clinical Sciences (U.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; and Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.A.)
| | - Antonio P Beltrami
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A., H.L.S., F.R., R.K., G.M., A.O., I.R.-A., Z.D., K.M., C.R., V.V.A., J.R., P.M.) and Vascular Pathology and Regeneration (M.M., C.E.), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (M.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (R.K.); Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (D.C., A.P.B.) and Department of Experimental Medical and Clinical Sciences (U.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; and Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.A.)
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A., H.L.S., F.R., R.K., G.M., A.O., I.R.-A., Z.D., K.M., C.R., V.V.A., J.R., P.M.) and Vascular Pathology and Regeneration (M.M., C.E.), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (M.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (R.K.); Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (D.C., A.P.B.) and Department of Experimental Medical and Clinical Sciences (U.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; and Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.A.).
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Gubernator M, Slater SC, Spencer HL, Spiteri I, Sottoriva A, Riu F, Rowlinson J, Avolio E, Katare R, Mangialardi G, Oikawa A, Reni C, Campagnolo P, Spinetti G, Touloumis A, Tavaré S, Prandi F, Pesce M, Hofner M, Klemens V, Emanueli C, Angelini G, Madeddu P. Epigenetic profile of human adventitial progenitor cells correlates with therapeutic outcomes in a mouse model of limb ischemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:675-88. [PMID: 25573856 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between the functional, epigenetic, and expressional profile of human adventitial progenitor cells (APCs) and therapeutic activity in a model of limb ischemia. APPROACH AND RESULTS Antigenic and functional features were analyzed throughout passaging in 15 saphenous vein (SV)-derived APC lines, of which 10 from SV leftovers of coronary artery bypass graft surgery and 5 from varicose SV removal. Moreover, 5 SV-APC lines were transplanted (8×10(5) cells, IM) in mice with limb ischemia. Blood flow and capillary and arteriole density were correlated with functional characteristics and DNA methylation/expressional markers of transplanted cells. We report successful expansion of tested lines, which reached the therapeutic target of 30 to 50 million cells in ≈10 weeks. Typical antigenic profile, viability, and migratory and proangiogenic activities were conserved through passaging, with low levels of replicative senescence. In vivo, SV-APC transplantation improved blood flow recovery and revascularization of ischemic limbs. Whole genome screening showed an association between DNA methylation at the promoter or gene body level and microvascular density and to a lesser extent with blood flow recovery. Expressional studies highlighted the implication of an angiogenic network centered on the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor as a predictor of microvascular outcomes. FLT-1 gene silencing in SV-APCs remarkably reduced their ability to form tubes in vitro and support tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells, thus confirming the importance of this signaling in SV-APC angiogenic function. CONCLUSIONS DNA methylation landscape illustrates different therapeutic activities of human APCs. Epigenetic screening may help identify determinants of therapeutic vasculogenesis in ischemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Gubernator
- From the Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (M.G., S.C.S., H.L.S., F.R., J.R., E.A., R.K., G.M., A.O., C.R., C.E., G.A., P.M.); The Institute of Cancer Research, Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Sutton, UK (I.S., A.S.); Imperial College, London, UK (P.C., C.E., G.A.); MultiMedica Research Institute, Milan, Italy (G.S.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK (A.T., S.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (F.P., M.P.); and Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria (M.H., V.K.)
| | - Sadie C Slater
- From the Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (M.G., S.C.S., H.L.S., F.R., J.R., E.A., R.K., G.M., A.O., C.R., C.E., G.A., P.M.); The Institute of Cancer Research, Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Sutton, UK (I.S., A.S.); Imperial College, London, UK (P.C., C.E., G.A.); MultiMedica Research Institute, Milan, Italy (G.S.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK (A.T., S.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (F.P., M.P.); and Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria (M.H., V.K.)
| | - Helen L Spencer
- From the Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (M.G., S.C.S., H.L.S., F.R., J.R., E.A., R.K., G.M., A.O., C.R., C.E., G.A., P.M.); The Institute of Cancer Research, Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Sutton, UK (I.S., A.S.); Imperial College, London, UK (P.C., C.E., G.A.); MultiMedica Research Institute, Milan, Italy (G.S.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK (A.T., S.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (F.P., M.P.); and Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria (M.H., V.K.)
| | - Inmaculada Spiteri
- From the Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (M.G., S.C.S., H.L.S., F.R., J.R., E.A., R.K., G.M., A.O., C.R., C.E., G.A., P.M.); The Institute of Cancer Research, Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Sutton, UK (I.S., A.S.); Imperial College, London, UK (P.C., C.E., G.A.); MultiMedica Research Institute, Milan, Italy (G.S.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK (A.T., S.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (F.P., M.P.); and Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria (M.H., V.K.)
| | - Andrea Sottoriva
- From the Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (M.G., S.C.S., H.L.S., F.R., J.R., E.A., R.K., G.M., A.O., C.R., C.E., G.A., P.M.); The Institute of Cancer Research, Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Sutton, UK (I.S., A.S.); Imperial College, London, UK (P.C., C.E., G.A.); MultiMedica Research Institute, Milan, Italy (G.S.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK (A.T., S.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (F.P., M.P.); and Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria (M.H., V.K.)
| | - Federica Riu
- From the Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (M.G., S.C.S., H.L.S., F.R., J.R., E.A., R.K., G.M., A.O., C.R., C.E., G.A., P.M.); The Institute of Cancer Research, Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Sutton, UK (I.S., A.S.); Imperial College, London, UK (P.C., C.E., G.A.); MultiMedica Research Institute, Milan, Italy (G.S.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK (A.T., S.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (F.P., M.P.); and Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria (M.H., V.K.)
| | - Jonathan Rowlinson
- From the Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (M.G., S.C.S., H.L.S., F.R., J.R., E.A., R.K., G.M., A.O., C.R., C.E., G.A., P.M.); The Institute of Cancer Research, Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Sutton, UK (I.S., A.S.); Imperial College, London, UK (P.C., C.E., G.A.); MultiMedica Research Institute, Milan, Italy (G.S.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK (A.T., S.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (F.P., M.P.); and Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria (M.H., V.K.)
| | - Elisa Avolio
- From the Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (M.G., S.C.S., H.L.S., F.R., J.R., E.A., R.K., G.M., A.O., C.R., C.E., G.A., P.M.); The Institute of Cancer Research, Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Sutton, UK (I.S., A.S.); Imperial College, London, UK (P.C., C.E., G.A.); MultiMedica Research Institute, Milan, Italy (G.S.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK (A.T., S.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (F.P., M.P.); and Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria (M.H., V.K.)
| | - Rajesh Katare
- From the Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (M.G., S.C.S., H.L.S., F.R., J.R., E.A., R.K., G.M., A.O., C.R., C.E., G.A., P.M.); The Institute of Cancer Research, Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Sutton, UK (I.S., A.S.); Imperial College, London, UK (P.C., C.E., G.A.); MultiMedica Research Institute, Milan, Italy (G.S.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK (A.T., S.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (F.P., M.P.); and Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria (M.H., V.K.)
| | - Giuseppe Mangialardi
- From the Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (M.G., S.C.S., H.L.S., F.R., J.R., E.A., R.K., G.M., A.O., C.R., C.E., G.A., P.M.); The Institute of Cancer Research, Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Sutton, UK (I.S., A.S.); Imperial College, London, UK (P.C., C.E., G.A.); MultiMedica Research Institute, Milan, Italy (G.S.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK (A.T., S.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (F.P., M.P.); and Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria (M.H., V.K.)
| | - Atsuhiko Oikawa
- From the Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (M.G., S.C.S., H.L.S., F.R., J.R., E.A., R.K., G.M., A.O., C.R., C.E., G.A., P.M.); The Institute of Cancer Research, Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Sutton, UK (I.S., A.S.); Imperial College, London, UK (P.C., C.E., G.A.); MultiMedica Research Institute, Milan, Italy (G.S.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK (A.T., S.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (F.P., M.P.); and Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria (M.H., V.K.)
| | - Carlotta Reni
- From the Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (M.G., S.C.S., H.L.S., F.R., J.R., E.A., R.K., G.M., A.O., C.R., C.E., G.A., P.M.); The Institute of Cancer Research, Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Sutton, UK (I.S., A.S.); Imperial College, London, UK (P.C., C.E., G.A.); MultiMedica Research Institute, Milan, Italy (G.S.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK (A.T., S.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (F.P., M.P.); and Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria (M.H., V.K.)
| | - Paola Campagnolo
- From the Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (M.G., S.C.S., H.L.S., F.R., J.R., E.A., R.K., G.M., A.O., C.R., C.E., G.A., P.M.); The Institute of Cancer Research, Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Sutton, UK (I.S., A.S.); Imperial College, London, UK (P.C., C.E., G.A.); MultiMedica Research Institute, Milan, Italy (G.S.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK (A.T., S.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (F.P., M.P.); and Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria (M.H., V.K.)
| | - Gaia Spinetti
- From the Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (M.G., S.C.S., H.L.S., F.R., J.R., E.A., R.K., G.M., A.O., C.R., C.E., G.A., P.M.); The Institute of Cancer Research, Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Sutton, UK (I.S., A.S.); Imperial College, London, UK (P.C., C.E., G.A.); MultiMedica Research Institute, Milan, Italy (G.S.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK (A.T., S.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (F.P., M.P.); and Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria (M.H., V.K.)
| | - Anestis Touloumis
- From the Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (M.G., S.C.S., H.L.S., F.R., J.R., E.A., R.K., G.M., A.O., C.R., C.E., G.A., P.M.); The Institute of Cancer Research, Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Sutton, UK (I.S., A.S.); Imperial College, London, UK (P.C., C.E., G.A.); MultiMedica Research Institute, Milan, Italy (G.S.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK (A.T., S.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (F.P., M.P.); and Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria (M.H., V.K.)
| | - Simon Tavaré
- From the Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (M.G., S.C.S., H.L.S., F.R., J.R., E.A., R.K., G.M., A.O., C.R., C.E., G.A., P.M.); The Institute of Cancer Research, Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Sutton, UK (I.S., A.S.); Imperial College, London, UK (P.C., C.E., G.A.); MultiMedica Research Institute, Milan, Italy (G.S.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK (A.T., S.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (F.P., M.P.); and Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria (M.H., V.K.)
| | - Francesca Prandi
- From the Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (M.G., S.C.S., H.L.S., F.R., J.R., E.A., R.K., G.M., A.O., C.R., C.E., G.A., P.M.); The Institute of Cancer Research, Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Sutton, UK (I.S., A.S.); Imperial College, London, UK (P.C., C.E., G.A.); MultiMedica Research Institute, Milan, Italy (G.S.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK (A.T., S.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (F.P., M.P.); and Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria (M.H., V.K.)
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- From the Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (M.G., S.C.S., H.L.S., F.R., J.R., E.A., R.K., G.M., A.O., C.R., C.E., G.A., P.M.); The Institute of Cancer Research, Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Sutton, UK (I.S., A.S.); Imperial College, London, UK (P.C., C.E., G.A.); MultiMedica Research Institute, Milan, Italy (G.S.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK (A.T., S.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (F.P., M.P.); and Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria (M.H., V.K.)
| | - Manuela Hofner
- From the Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (M.G., S.C.S., H.L.S., F.R., J.R., E.A., R.K., G.M., A.O., C.R., C.E., G.A., P.M.); The Institute of Cancer Research, Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Sutton, UK (I.S., A.S.); Imperial College, London, UK (P.C., C.E., G.A.); MultiMedica Research Institute, Milan, Italy (G.S.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK (A.T., S.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (F.P., M.P.); and Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria (M.H., V.K.)
| | - Vierlinger Klemens
- From the Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (M.G., S.C.S., H.L.S., F.R., J.R., E.A., R.K., G.M., A.O., C.R., C.E., G.A., P.M.); The Institute of Cancer Research, Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Sutton, UK (I.S., A.S.); Imperial College, London, UK (P.C., C.E., G.A.); MultiMedica Research Institute, Milan, Italy (G.S.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK (A.T., S.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (F.P., M.P.); and Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria (M.H., V.K.)
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- From the Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (M.G., S.C.S., H.L.S., F.R., J.R., E.A., R.K., G.M., A.O., C.R., C.E., G.A., P.M.); The Institute of Cancer Research, Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Sutton, UK (I.S., A.S.); Imperial College, London, UK (P.C., C.E., G.A.); MultiMedica Research Institute, Milan, Italy (G.S.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK (A.T., S.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (F.P., M.P.); and Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria (M.H., V.K.)
| | - Gianni Angelini
- From the Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (M.G., S.C.S., H.L.S., F.R., J.R., E.A., R.K., G.M., A.O., C.R., C.E., G.A., P.M.); The Institute of Cancer Research, Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Sutton, UK (I.S., A.S.); Imperial College, London, UK (P.C., C.E., G.A.); MultiMedica Research Institute, Milan, Italy (G.S.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK (A.T., S.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (F.P., M.P.); and Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria (M.H., V.K.)
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- From the Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (M.G., S.C.S., H.L.S., F.R., J.R., E.A., R.K., G.M., A.O., C.R., C.E., G.A., P.M.); The Institute of Cancer Research, Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Sutton, UK (I.S., A.S.); Imperial College, London, UK (P.C., C.E., G.A.); MultiMedica Research Institute, Milan, Italy (G.S.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK (A.T., S.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (F.P., M.P.); and Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria (M.H., V.K.).
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Spencer HL, Slater SC, Rowlinson J, Morgan T, Culliford LA, Guttridge M, Emanueli C, Angelini G, Madeddu P. A journey from basic stem cell discovery to clinical application: the case of adventitial progenitor cells. Regen Med 2015; 10:39-47. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia is a leading cause of death in the western world. Regenerative medicine aims to improve healing of ischemic injury by complementing pharmacologic/interventional treatments. Navigating regenerative therapies from ‘bench-to-bedside’ is a multistep time-consuming process, balancing cell expansion, purity, safety and efficacy while complying with regulatory guidelines. Studies started in academic laboratories unused to long-term planning often fail because of poor strategy design, lack of contingency plans or funding. We provide a strategic insight into our translation of saphenous vein-derived adventitial progenitor cells into a clinical grade product to treat angina. We discuss discovery phases, introduction of standard operating procedures and upgrade to clinical standards. We also examine contractual aspects of transferring to GMP-accredited facilities for clinical production and unexpected hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Spencer
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Sadie C Slater
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Jonathan Rowlinson
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Tom Morgan
- Research & Development, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Lucy A Culliford
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
- Clinical Trial Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Martin Guttridge
- Cellular & Molecular Therapy Department, NHS Blood & Transplant, Bristol, BS34 7QH, UK
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Gianni Angelini
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
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8
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Rohrbach M, Spencer HL, Porter LF, Burkitt-Wright EM, Bürer C, Janecke A, Bakshi M, Sillence D, Al-Hussain H, Baumgartner M, Steinmann B, Black GC, Manson FD, Giunta C. ZNF469 frequently mutated in the brittle cornea syndrome (BCS) is a single exon gene possibly regulating the expression of several extracellular matrix components. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 109:289-95. [PMID: 23680354 PMCID: PMC3925994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Brittle cornea syndrome (BCS; MIM 229200) is an autosomal recessive generalized connective tissue disorder caused by mutations in ZNF469 and PRDM5. It is characterized by extreme thinning and fragility of the cornea that may rupture in the absence of significant trauma leading to blindness. Keratoconus or keratoglobus, high myopia, blue sclerae, hyperelasticity of the skin without excessive fragility, and hypermobility of the small joints are additional features of BCS. Transcriptional regulation of extracellular matrix components, particularly of fibrillar collagens, by PRDM5 and ZNF469 suggests that they might be part of the same pathway, the disruption of which is likely to cause the features of BCS. In the present study, we have performed molecular analysis of a cohort of 23 BCS affected patients on both ZNF469 and PRDM5, including those who were clinically reported previously [1]; the clinical description of three additional patients is reported in detail. We identified either homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in ZNF469 in 18 patients while, 4 were found to be homozygous for PRDM5 mutations. In one single patient a mutation in neither ZNF469 nor PRDM5 was identified. Furthermore, we report the 12 novel ZNF469 variants identified in our patient cohort, and show evidence that ZNF469 is a single exon rather than a two exon gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Rohrbach
- Division of Metabolism, Connective Tissue Unit and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helen L. Spencer
- Genetic Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
- St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Louise F. Porter
- Genetic Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
- St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma M.M. Burkitt-Wright
- Genetic Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
- St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Céline Bürer
- Division of Metabolism, Connective Tissue Unit and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Janecke
- Division of Human Genetics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Madhura Bakshi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Sillence
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hailah Al-Hussain
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Division of Oculoplastics and Orbit, Saudi Arabia
| | - Matthias Baumgartner
- Division of Metabolism, Connective Tissue Unit and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Steinmann
- Division of Metabolism, Connective Tissue Unit and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Graeme C.M. Black
- Genetic Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
- St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Forbes D.C. Manson
- Genetic Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
- St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Cecilia Giunta
- Division of Metabolism, Connective Tissue Unit and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Corresponding author at: Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
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9
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Burkitt Wright EMM, Porter LF, Spencer HL, Clayton-Smith J, Au L, Munier FL, Smithson S, Suri M, Rohrbach M, Manson FDC, Black GCM. Brittle cornea syndrome: recognition, molecular diagnosis and management. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2013; 8:68. [PMID: 23642083 PMCID: PMC3659006 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brittle cornea syndrome (BCS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterised by extreme corneal thinning and fragility. Corneal rupture can therefore occur either spontaneously or following minimal trauma in affected patients. Two genes, ZNF469 and PRDM5, have now been identified, in which causative pathogenic mutations collectively account for the condition in nearly all patients with BCS ascertained to date. Therefore, effective molecular diagnosis is now available for affected patients, and those at risk of being heterozygous carriers for BCS. We have previously identified mutations in ZNF469 in 14 families (in addition to 6 reported by others in the literature), and in PRDM5 in 8 families (with 1 further family now published by others). Clinical features include extreme corneal thinning with rupture, high myopia, blue sclerae, deafness of mixed aetiology with hypercompliant tympanic membranes, and variable skeletal manifestations. Corneal rupture may be the presenting feature of BCS, and it is possible that this may be incorrectly attributed to non-accidental injury. Mainstays of management include the prevention of ocular rupture by provision of protective polycarbonate spectacles, careful monitoring of visual and auditory function, and assessment for skeletal complications such as developmental dysplasia of the hip. Effective management depends upon appropriate identification of affected individuals, which may be challenging given the phenotypic overlap of BCS with other connective tissue disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M M Burkitt Wright
- Genetic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Kane NM, Meloni M, Spencer HL, Craig MA, Strehl R, Milligan G, Houslay MD, Mountford JC, Emanueli C, Baker AH. Derivation of endothelial cells from human embryonic stem cells by directed differentiation: analysis of microRNA and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:1389-97. [PMID: 20431067 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.204800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an embryoid body-free directed differentiation protocol for the rapid generation of functional vascular endothelial cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and to assess the system for microRNA regulation and angiogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS The production of defined cell lineages from hESCs is a critical requirement for evaluating their potential in regenerative medicine. We developed a feeder- and serum-free protocol. Directed endothelial differentiation of hESCs revealed rapid loss of pluripotency markers and progressive induction of mRNA and protein expression of vascular markers (including CD31 and vascular endothelial [VE]-cadherin) and angiogenic growth factors (including vascular endothelial growth factor), increased expression of angiogenesis-associated microRNAs (including miR-126 and miR-210), and induction of endothelial cell morphological features. In vitro, differentiated cells produced nitric oxide, migrated across a wound, and formed tubular structures in both the absence and the presence of 3D matrices (Matrigel). In vivo, we showed that cells that differentiated for 10 days before implantation were efficient at the induction of therapeutic neovascularization and that hESC-derived cells were incorporated into the blood-perfused vasculature of recipient mice. CONCLUSIONS The directed differentiation of hESCs is efficient and effective for the differentiation of functional endothelial cells from hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Kane
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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Perez-Campo FM, Spencer HL, Elder RH, Stern PL, Ward CM. Novel vectors for homologous recombination strategies in mouse embryonic stem cells: an ES cell line expressing EGFP under control of the 5T4 promoter. Exp Cell Res 2007; 313:3604-15. [PMID: 17765223 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of gene mutation/knock-out strategies in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells has revolutionized the study of gene function in ES cells and embryonic development. However, the construction of vectors for homologous recombination strategies requires considerable expertise and time. We describe two novel vectors that can generate site specific knock-out or EGFP knock-in ES cells within 6 weeks from construct design to identification of positive ES cell clones. As proof-of-principle, we have utilized the knock-out targeting vector to modify the NEIL2 locus in ES cells. In addition, using the knock-in vector, we have inserted EGFP downstream of the 5T4 oncofetal antigen promoter in ES cells (5T4-GFP ES cells). Undifferentiated 5T4-GFP ES cells lack EGFP and maintain expression of the pluripotent markers OCT-4 and NANOG. Upon differentiation, EGFP expression is increased in 5T4-GFP ES cells and this correlates with 5T4 transcript expression of the unmodified allele, loss of Nanog and Oct-4 transcripts and upregulation of differentiation-associated transcripts. Furthermore, we demonstrate that fluorescent activated cell sorting of 5T4-GFP ES cells allows isolation of pluripotent or differentiated cells from a heterogeneous population. These vectors provide researchers with a rapid method of modifying specific ES cell genes to study cellular differentiation and embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor M Perez-Campo
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
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12
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Spencer HL, Eastham AM, Merry CL, Southgate TD, Perez-Campo F, Soncin F, Ritson S, Kemler R, Stern PL, Ward CM. E-cadherin inhibits cell surface localization of the pro-migratory 5T4 oncofetal antigen in mouse embryonic stem cells. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:2838-51. [PMID: 17507657 PMCID: PMC1949355 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-09-0875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) events occur during embryonic development and are important for the metastatic spread of epithelial tumors. We show here that spontaneous differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells is associated with an E- to N-cadherin switch, up-regulation of E-cadherin repressor molecules (Snail and Slug proteins), gelatinase activity (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-2 and -9), and increased cellular motility, all characteristic EMT events. The 5T4 oncofetal antigen, previously shown to be associated with very early ES cell differentiation and altered motility, is also a part of this coordinated process. E- and N-cadherin and 5T4 proteins are independently regulated during ES cell differentiation and are not required for induction of EMT-associated transcripts and proteins, as judged from the study of the respective knockout ES cells. Further, abrogation of E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell contact in undifferentiated ES cells using neutralizing antibody results in a reversible mesenchymal phenotype and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement that is concomitant with translocation of the 5T4 antigen from the cytoplasm to the cell surface in an energy-dependent manner. E-cadherin null ES cells are constitutively cell surface 5T4 positive, and although forced expression of E-cadherin cDNA in these cells is sufficient to restore cell-cell contact, cell surface expression of 5T4 antigen is unchanged. 5T4 and N-cadherin knockout ES cells exhibit significantly decreased motility during EMT, demonstrating a functional role for these proteins in this process. We conclude that E-cadherin protein stabilizes cortical actin cytoskeletal arrangement in ES cells, and this can prevent cell surface localization of the promigratory 5T4 antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L. Spencer
- *Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Immunology Group and
| | - Angela M. Eastham
- *Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Immunology Group and
| | - Catherine L.R. Merry
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Christie Hospital National Health Service Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | | | - Flor Perez-Campo
- Materials Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7HS, United Kingdom; and
| | - Francesca Soncin
- *Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Christie Hospital National Health Service Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Ritson
- *Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Rolf Kemler
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Christopher M. Ward
- *Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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Abstract
All gastroscopies and colonoscopies performed in two U.K. teaching hospitals over a period of one year were audited to investigate whether endoscopic reporting of gastroscopies and colonoscopies by different endoscopists is consistent. Endoscopic diagnoses were retrieved from the hospitals' endoscopy databases. The results of 1814 colonoscopies and 2127 gastroscopies were analysed using chi2 (Chi squared). The frequency of reporting common diagnoses was variable and the differences between specialist endoscopists were highly significant, including for important conditions such as peptic ulceration (range 2-10%, p = 0.001) and colonic polyps (16-45%, p < 0.001). There is a large variation in the frequency of the diagnoses reported by different endoscopists. This is unlikely to be explained by casemix or chance. This may have major implications for the health of patients. More emphasis must be placed during training on the correct interpretation of endoscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Spencer
- Chesterfield Royal Hospital, Calow, Chesterfield.
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Abstract
Patients with unexplained chest pain or dysphagia are often referred for esophageal manometric studies to further investigate their symptoms. Four main manometric abnormalities have been described: achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm, "nutcracker" (hypercontracting) esophagus, and hypocontracting esophagus. With the exception of achalasia, treatments are of limited benefit and the natural history of these conditions is largely unknown. We sent questionnaires to patients who were investigated at least three years before our study began. They repeated a DeMeester symptom questionnaire that they had completed at the time of their initial study. Questionnaires were sent to 137 patients with diffuse esophageal spasm, "nutcracker" (hypercontracting) esophagus, or hypocontracting esophagus. We also sent questionnaires to 57 patients with dysphagia or chest pain who had had normal esophageal manometry and pH studies. These patients acted as symptomatic controls. Responses were compared using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Seventy-two (53%) patients with diffuse esophageal spasm, "nutcracker" esophagus, or hypocontracting esophagus replied. An additional 8 (6%) patients died. Symptom scores in all three conditions had improved significantly over time (p < or = 0.01 for each condition, Wilcoxon signed ranks test). Patients with dysphagia or chest pain but normal esophageal studies had not improved. The significance of diffuse esophageal spasm, "nutcracker" esophagus, and hypocontracting esophagus found at esophageal manometry remains uncertain. Although treatment is often ineffective, these conditions typically run a benign course. Patients can be reassured that their symptoms are likely to improve with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Spencer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Inducible nitric oxide synthase is expressed in the small intestine of patients with coeliac disease. This produces increased plasma concentration of nitric oxide end products (NOx), most marked in those ingesting gluten. The time-course of change in NOx with a gluten-free diet (GFD) and its correlation with histology and coeliac serology were studied. METHODS Fasting plasma NOx was determined by the Greiss reaction in 20 coeliac patients at diagnosis and 2, 4 and 6 months after commencing a GFD. Endomysial and gliadin antibodies were checked at the same time. Duodenal biopsies were taken at diagnosis and at 6 months, and then graded according to the Marsh classification. RESULTS Plasma NOx fell rapidly following the introduction of a GFD (mean before GFD 95.8 microM to 61.5 microM at 2 months), and further still by 6 months (mean = 37.0 microM). Reductions at 2 and 6 months were statistically significant compared with baseline (P < 0.01 and P < 0.005, respectively: Wilcoxon signed ranks test). Plasma NOx was correlated with histological grade initially (P = 0.03: Kruskal-Wallis) but not after 6 months on a GFD (P = 0.24). Coeliac serology correlated poorly with histology. CONCLUSIONS Plasma NOx falls rapidly following GFD in coeliac disease and is related to histological grade initially. However, values vary widely between individuals, which may limit its use as a clinical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Spencer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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Spencer HL. Primary antiphospholipid syndrome as a new cause of autoimmune pancreatitis. Gut 2004; 53:468; author reply 468. [PMID: 14960537 PMCID: PMC1773975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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Konkel KF, Spencer HL, Elliot RC. Profile of orthopaedic surgical practice at a non-teaching Naval Regional Medical Center. Mil Med 1978; 143:575-7. [PMID: 99703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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