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Baba T, Endo T, Mariya T, Kuno Y, Honnma H, Kanaya M, Saito T. Endocrinological and Metabolic Heterogeneity Is Low in Japanese Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 2024; 46:102217. [PMID: 37709141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2023.102217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the endocrine differences among polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotypes in Japanese women. METHODS 118 Japanese women that we diagnosed with PCOS agreed to be included in the study. The study group was classified into the following 4 phenotypes: (A) hyperandrogenism (HA); ovulatory disorder (OvD) and polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM); (B) HA and OvD; (C) HA and PCOM; and (D) OvD and PCOM. We also recruited 66 healthy Japanese women to the study as control participants. Age, body mass index, androgens, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and insulin resistance (IR) index were evaluated and compared. RESULTS The proportions of phenotypes A, B, C, and D were 57/120 (47.5%), 4/120 (3.3%), 13/120 (10.8%), and 46/120 (38.3%), respectively. The proportion of phenotype B was too small; therefore, phenotypes A and B were grouped as classical PCOS for intergroup comparisons. The luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio in the classical PCOS group was higher than that in the phenotype D group (P < 0.001). Androgen concentrations in the phenotype D group were significantly lower than those in the other groups (P < 0.01). Phenotype D was more common in lean women with PCOS. The surrogate marker of IR (homeostasis model assessment of IR) was not different irrespective of PCOS and its phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Except for androgens, endocrine differences by PCOS phenotype are not evident, suggesting that diversity among patients with PCOS is relatively low in Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Endo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tasuku Mariya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshika Kuno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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Kasuga-Yamashita F, Baba T, Nagao S, Fujibe Y, Morishita M, Kuno Y, Mariya T, Honnma H, Endo T, Kiya T, Saito T. Letrozole increases preantral follicle growth and decreases estradiol production without impairing follicle survival. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:136. [PMID: 36564850 PMCID: PMC9789635 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01073-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Letrozole has been reported to be effective in treating anovulation, preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), and retrieving oocytes in breast cancer patients. However, the role and mechanism of letrozole in follicular development remain unclear. RESULTS We treated mouse preantral follicles with various treatments; we found no significant difference in follicle survival rates in the letrozole (LET) group compared with the control group, but the average diameter of follicles in the LET group tended to be larger (CTRL vs. LET 30, p = 0.064; CTRL vs. LET 100, p = 0.025). The estradiol concentrations in culture media of the LET group were significantly lower than those observed in the control group (CTRL vs. LET 30, p = 0.038; CTRL vs. LET 100, p = 0.025). We further found a marked increase in follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) gene expression in response to letrozole treatment (CTRL vs. LET 30, p = 0.075; CTRL vs. LET 100, p = 0.034). This result suggested that increased FSHR expression promotes follicle development. Letrozole inhibited aromatase activity, but the effect was limited. Letrozole did not significantly reduce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Letrozole may promote follicle development by increasing the expression of FSHR. Letrozole may be useful for fertility preservation of patients with estrogen-dependent cancers such as breast cancer and various other cancers. Whether letrozole has a direct effect in reducing OHSS requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukiko Kasuga-Yamashita
- grid.263171.00000 0001 0691 0855Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, 060-8543 Sapporo, Hokkaido Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Baba
- grid.263171.00000 0001 0691 0855Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, 060-8543 Sapporo, Hokkaido Japan
| | - Sachiko Nagao
- grid.263171.00000 0001 0691 0855Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, 060-8543 Sapporo, Hokkaido Japan
| | - Yuya Fujibe
- grid.263171.00000 0001 0691 0855Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, 060-8543 Sapporo, Hokkaido Japan
| | - Miyuki Morishita
- grid.263171.00000 0001 0691 0855Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, 060-8543 Sapporo, Hokkaido Japan
| | - Yoshika Kuno
- grid.263171.00000 0001 0691 0855Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, 060-8543 Sapporo, Hokkaido Japan
| | - Tasuku Mariya
- grid.263171.00000 0001 0691 0855Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, 060-8543 Sapporo, Hokkaido Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honnma
- Sapporo ART Clinic, 1-2 North 7 West 4, 060-0807 Sapporo, Hokkaido Japan
| | - Toshiaki Endo
- grid.263171.00000 0001 0691 0855Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, 060-8543 Sapporo, Hokkaido Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiya
- Ena Asabu ART Clinic, 2-2-7 Asabu, 001-0045 Sapporo, Hokkaido Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- grid.263171.00000 0001 0691 0855Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, 060-8543 Sapporo, Hokkaido Japan
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Nagao S, Baba T, Fujibe Y, Adachi S, Ikeda K, Morishita M, Kuno Y, Honnma H, Endo T, Kiya T, Saito T. Pioglitazone suppresses excessive follicular development in murine preantral follicles. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:82. [PMID: 31472696 PMCID: PMC6717350 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0556-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disease that is common in women in their reproductive period. Patients with this disease suffer from anovulation and hyperandrogenism. Ovulation induction with exogenous gonadotropin often causes ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome because many small antral follicles pause in their growth. Treatment with insulin sensitizers is reportedly effective for both anovulation associated with PCOS, and suppression of excessive follicular growth; however, the underlying mechanism of action remains unknown. Although pioglitazone is known as an insulin sensitizer, it also has a potent modulator of cell growth and apoptosis irrespective of insulin resistance. To clarify the effect of pioglitazone on follicular growth, we performed in vitro culture of murine preantral follicles. Secondary follicles (100-160 μm in diameter) isolated from 6-week-old ICR mice were individually cultured for 13 days. Culture conditions were as follows: 1) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH; 33 mIU/mL; control), 2) FSH plus dihydrotestosterone (DHT; 500 ng/mL), 3) FSH plus pioglitazone (5 ng/mL), and 4) FSH plus DHT/pioglitazone. Survival rate and follicle diameter were evaluated, and concentrations of estradiol (E2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in culture media were measured. mRNA expression of various growth-promoting factors and Vegf within follicles were also assessed. Although no significant differences were observed with regard to survival rate, follicle diameters on day 13 were significantly different. Compared with the control group, the DHT group showed enhanced growth, while groups administered pioglitazone showed stagnation of the accelerated growth induced by DHT. Although DHT treatment enhanced the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2) mRNA, pioglitazone exposure suppressed induction of Bmp2 mRNA by DHT. Vegf mRNA and protein expression were also significantly reduced when pioglitazone was added to culture media containing DHT. Administration of pioglitazone negatively affected follicular growth and VEGF levels, which may suppress excessive follicular growth and prevent ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Nagao
- Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Baba
- Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Yuya Fujibe
- Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Sayaka Adachi
- Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Keiko Ikeda
- Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Miyuki Morishita
- Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Yoshika Kuno
- Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honnma
- Sapporo ART Clinic, 1-4 North 7 West 4, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0807, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Endo
- Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiya
- Ena Ladies Clinic, Hanakawa South 9-1-86-2, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-3209, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
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Fujibe Y, Baba T, Nagao S, Adachi S, Ikeda K, Morishita M, Kuno Y, Suzuki M, Mizuuchi M, Honnma H, Endo T, Saito T. Androgen potentiates the expression of FSH receptor and supports preantral follicle development in mice. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:31. [PMID: 30947734 PMCID: PMC6450008 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperandrogenism is one of the cardinal symptoms in polycystic ovary syndrome and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. However, the precise effects and mechanisms of excess androgen during follicular development are still unclear. Here we investigated the effects of androgen on mouse follicle development in vitro. Androgen did not affect the growth of follicles smaller than 160–180 μm in the presence of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). However, in the presence of low FSH, androgen supported the growth of follicles larger than 160–180 μm, a size at which growing follicles acquire FSH-dependency. Androgen did not change the mRNA expression of various growth-promoting factors but did increase mRNA expression of the FSH receptor. We suggest that androgen has a positive impact on follicle development by augmentation of the actions of FSH. Therefore, FSH-responsive but FSH-independent follicles grow in the presence of a certain level of FSH or androgen, and androgen compensates for FSH deficiency in FSH-dependent follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Fujibe
- Present Address: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Baba
- Present Address: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Sachiko Nagao
- Present Address: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Sayaka Adachi
- Present Address: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Keiko Ikeda
- Present Address: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Miyuki Morishita
- Present Address: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Yoshika Kuno
- Present Address: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Masahiro Suzuki
- Present Address: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Masahito Mizuuchi
- Present Address: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honnma
- Sapporo ART clinic, North 7 West 4, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0807, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Endo
- Present Address: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Present Address: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
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Araki E, Itoi F, Honnma H, Asano Y, Oguri H, Nishikawa K. Correlation between the pronucleus size and the potential for human single pronucleus zygotes to develop into blastocysts : 1PN zygotes with large pronuclei can expect an embryo development to the blastocyst stage that is similar to the development of 2PN zygotes. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:817-823. [PMID: 29479641 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we examined the correlation between pronucleus size and the potential for human single pronucleus (1PN) zygotes to develop into blastocysts after IVF and ICSI. METHODS This study included 112 patients who underwent a total of 112 cycles of IVF/ICSI. To evaluate embryo development, 1PN zygotes were compared with 2PN zygotes in the same IVF/ICSI cycle (control cycles) using time-lapse live embryo imaging. To assess the potential for blastocyst formation, cutoff values for pronuclear area and diameter were established through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, after which 1PN zygotes were classified based on those cutoff values. RESULTS Among 1PN zygotes cultured to day 5/6, the rate of embryo development was significantly lower than from 2PN zygotes. However, the rates of blastocyst formation and good quality blastocysts from 1PN zygotes with large pronuclear areas (≥ 710 μm2) or diameters (≥ 31 μm) were significantly higher than from 1PN zygotes with smaller pronuclear areas (≤ 509, 510-609, and 610-709 μm2) or diameters (≤ 24, 25-27,and 28-30 μm) (P < 0.01). Moreover, the results for 1PN zygotes with large pronuclei were similar to those for 2PN zygotes. CONCLUSIONS The developmental potential of 1PN zygotes with large pronuclear areas (≥ 710 μm2) or diameters (31 μm) appears to be similar to that of 2PN zygotes, and measurement of pronuclear area or diameter in 1PN zygotes is a simple, potentially useful, clinical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Araki
- Department of Infertility, Green Bell Clinic, Kitamachi 2-160, Toyota, Aichi, 471-0027, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Itoi
- Department of Infertility, Green Bell Clinic, Kitamachi 2-160, Toyota, Aichi, 471-0027, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Honnma
- Sapporo ART Clinic, Kita7jonishi 4-1-2, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0807, Japan
| | - Yukiko Asano
- Department of Infertility, Royal Bell Clinic, Midori-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 458-0801, Japan
| | - Hisanori Oguri
- Department of Infertility, Royal Bell Clinic, Midori-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 458-0801, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Nishikawa
- Department of Infertility, Green Bell Clinic, Kitamachi 2-160, Toyota, Aichi, 471-0027, Japan
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Itoi F, Asano Y, Shimizu M, Nagai R, Saitou K, Honnma H, Murata Y. Clinical outcomes after IVF or ICSI using human blastocysts derived from oocytes containing aggregates of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Reprod Biomed Online 2017; 34:337-344. [PMID: 28169188 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study the clinical and neo-natal outcomes after transfer of blastocysts derived from oocytes containing aggregates of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) were compared between IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. Clinical and neo-natal outcomes of blastocysts in cycles with at least one SER metaphase II oocyte (SER + MII; SER + cycles) did not significantly differ between the two insemination methods. When SER + MII were cultured to day 5/6, fertilization, embryo cleavage and blastocyst rates were not significantly different between IVF and ICSI cycles. In vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer cycles, the clinical pregnancy rates from SER + MII in IVF and ICSI did not significantly differ. In this study, 52 blastocysts (27 IVF and 25 ICSI) derived from SER + MII were transferred, yielding 15 newborns (5 IVF and 10 ICSI) and no malformations. Moreover, 300 blastocysts (175 IVF and 125 ICSI) derived from SER-MII were transferred, yielding 55 newborns (24 IVF and 31 ICSI cycles). Thus, blastocysts derived from SER + cycles exhibited an acceptable ongoing pregnancy rate after IVF (n = 125) or ICSI (n = 117) cycles. In conclusion, blastocysts from SER + MII in both IVF and ICSI cycles yield adequate ongoing pregnancy rates with neo-natal outcomes that do not differ from SER-MII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Itoi
- Department of Infertility, Green Bell Clinic, Kitamachi 2-160, Toyota, Aichi 471-0027, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Takeda 4-4-37, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Asano
- Department of Infertility, Royal Bell Clinic, Mizuhiroge 93-195, Narumi-cho, Midori-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 458-0801, Japan
| | - Masashi Shimizu
- Department of Infertility, Angel Bell Hospital, Nishiki-machi 5-1, Okazaki, Aichi 444-0067, Japan
| | - Rika Nagai
- Department of Infertility, Royal Bell Clinic, Mizuhiroge 93-195, Narumi-cho, Midori-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 458-0801, Japan
| | - Kanako Saitou
- Department of Infertility, Angel Bell Hospital, Nishiki-machi 5-1, Okazaki, Aichi 444-0067, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honnma
- Sapporo ART Clinic, Kita7jonishi 4-1-2, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0807, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Murata
- Department of Infertility, Angel Bell Hospital, Nishiki-machi 5-1, Okazaki, Aichi 444-0067, Japan
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Itoi F, Asano Y, Shimizu M, Honnma H, Murata Y. Embryological outcomes in cycles with human oocytes containing large tubular smooth endoplasmic reticulum clusters after conventional in vitro fertilization. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:315-8. [PMID: 26607857 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1115831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been no studies analyzing the effect of large aggregates of tubular smooth endoplasmic reticulum (aSERT) after conventional in vitro fertilization (cIVF). The aim of this study was to investigate whether aSERT can be identified after cIVF and the association between the embryological outcomes of oocytes in cycles with aSERT. This is a retrospective study examining embryological data from cIVF cycles showing the presence of aSERT in oocytes 5-6 h after cIVF. To evaluate embryo quality, cIVF cycles with at least one aSERT-metaphase II (MII) oocyte observed (cycles with aSERT) were compared to cycles with normal-MII oocytes (control cycles). Among the 4098 MII oocytes observed in 579 cycles, aSERT was detected in 100 MII oocytes in 51 cycles (8.8%). The fertilization rate, the rate of embryo development on day 3 and day 5-6 did not significantly differ between cycles with aSERT and control group. However, aSERT-MII oocytes had lower rates for both blastocysts and good quality blastocysts (p < 0.05). aSERT can be detected in the cytoplasm by removing the cumulus cell 5 h after cIVF. However, aSERT-MII oocytes do not affect other normal-MII oocytes in cycles with aSERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Itoi
- a Department of Infertility , Green Bell Clinic, Toyota , Japan
- b Department of Infertility , Angel Bell Hospital , Okazaki , Japan
- c Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi , Kofu , Yamanashi, , Japan
| | - Yukiko Asano
- d Department of Infertility , Royal Bell Clinic , Nagoya , Japan , and
| | - Masashi Shimizu
- b Department of Infertility , Angel Bell Hospital , Okazaki , Japan
| | | | - Yasutaka Murata
- b Department of Infertility , Angel Bell Hospital , Okazaki , Japan
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Honnma H, Asada Y, Baba T, Endo T. Continuous high-dose estrogen controls serum FSH and LH levels: new treatment strategy for extremely low ovarian reserve patients, two case reports. Gynecol Endocrinol 2014; 30:341-4. [PMID: 24397391 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.871524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, there are no proven therapies to improve ovarian function in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) or in those with extremely low ovarian reserve (LOR). We report successful IVF outcomes achieved with continuous high-dose estrogen supplementation in patients with LOR. Patients were 33- and 42-year-old nulligravidae with high-serum FSH (over 30 IU/L) and undetectable serum AMH (under 0.1 ng/mL) levels; however, neither patient fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for POI. After cycle cancellation and unsuccessful IVF treatment, both patients received conjugated estrogen (CE) supplementation (2.5-3.75 mg/day) from day 2 of their menstrual cycle to the day of HCG administration in their IVF treatment cycles. Following continuous high-dose estrogen supplementation, oocytes were successfully retrieved from both patients and fertilized. Both patients also achieved ongoing pregnancy through frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. In conclusion, high-dose estrogen supplementation down-regulated serum FSH and LH within their physiological ranges, which led to functional follicle growth and prevented early luteinization. Further studies will be needed to confirm the effect of this treatment on POI patients and to establish a new and individualized protocol for LOR patients.
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Ikeda K, Baba T, Morishita M, Honnma H, Endo T, Kiya T, Saito T. Long-term treatment with dehydroepiandrosterone may lead to follicular atresia through interaction with anti-Mullerian hormone. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:46. [PMID: 24851135 PMCID: PMC4029985 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-7-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperandrogenism is the primary manifestation of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which appears to be caused by excess exposure to androgen. As such, androgenized animal models have been developed and investigated to study the etiology of PCOS. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is known to be associated with follicle growth, and its levels are two to three times higher in women with PCOS than in those with normal ovaries. We studied how duration of androgen administration affects folliculogenesis and AMH expression. Methods We divided 30 immature (3-week-old) Sprague Dawley rats into six groups. Three groups were injected each evening with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (6 mg/100 g body weight/0.2 ml sesame oil) for 7, 15 or 30 days, respectively. The three control groups were injected with 0.2 ml of sesame oil for the corresponding lengths of time. Resected ovaries were sectioned and examined to determine follicle numbers at each developmental stage, and immunostained to assess AMH expression. Results On day 7, follicle numbers and AMH expression levels at each developmental stage of follicle growth were similar in the respective control and DHEA groups. On day 15, the total follicle number (P = 0.041), the percentage of primordial follicles (P = 0.039) and AMH expression were significantly greater in the DHEA than the control group. On day 30, the percentages of primordial (P = 0.005), primary (P = 0.0002) and atretic (P = 0.03) follicles were significantly greater in the DHEA group, whereas the percentage of intermediary follicles (early pre-antral, late preantral, and early antral follicles) was significantly lower in the DHEA group (P = <0.0001). AMH expression in DHEA-treated rats on day 30 was seen exclusively in the primordial (P = 0.0413) and late antral follicles (p = 0.028). Conclusions Androgen administration increases AMH production in a process that regulates the growth of primordial follicles. That is, androgen-induced AMH expression provides local negative feedback to folliculogenesis augmented by androgen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Steel Memorial Muroran Hospital, 1-45, Chiribethutown, Muroran, Hokkaido 050 0076, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060 8543, Japan
| | - Miyuki Morishita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060 8543, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honnma
- Kamiya Ladies Clinic Sapporo, North 3 West 2, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060 0003, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Endo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060 8543, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiya
- Ena Ladies Clinic, 9-1-86 Hanakawa-minami, Ishikari, Hokkaido 061-3209, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060 8543, Japan
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Baba T, Endo T, Ikeda K, Shimizu A, Morishita M, Kuno Y, Honnma H, Kiya T, Ishioka SI, Saito T. Assisted reproductive technique increases the risk of placental polyp. Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29:611-4. [PMID: 23656393 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.788636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to clarify the risk factors and outcomes of placental polyp. This retrospective study was conducted on 1645 patients delivered or aborted in Sapporo Medical University from 2007 through 2011. Transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography, hysteroscopy, contrast-enhanced MRI or 3D-CT angiography were performed. There were 1532 deliveries and 113 abortions. Seventy-one (4.3%) were ART-conceived and the remaining 1574 (95.7%) were non-ART pregnancies. Fifteen (0.91%) cases were confirmed as having placental polyp. Nine cases of placental polyp were identified among the 1574 (0.57%) as non-ART-related pregnancies, and 6 were identified among the 71 (8.5%) as ART-related pregnancies. Thus, pregnancies achieved through ART showed 20x greater incidence of complicating placental polyp than pregnancies achieved through without ART (p = 9.02 × 10(-6); odds ratio, 19.59; 95% confidence interval, 5.27-72.84, logistic regression analysis). Evaluation of blood flow within the polyp showed that in five of seven patients with low blood flow, the polyps spontaneously dropped off 79-115 days postpartum. Thus, ART-related pregnancies may be a risk factor of placental polyp, and spontaneous drop-off of the polyp is often observed in cases with low blood flow within the mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Baba T, Endo T, Ikeda K, Shimizu A, Morishita M, Kuno Y, Honnma H, Kiya T, Ishioka SI, Saito T. Weight reduction and pioglitazone ameliorate polycystic ovary syndrome after removal of a Sertoli-stromal cell tumor. Int J Womens Health 2012; 4:607-11. [PMID: 23226075 PMCID: PMC3514067 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s36667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This report presents an unusual case of Sertoli-stromal cell tumor and polycystic ovary syndrome successfully treated with weight reduction and an insulin-sensitizing agent. A 22-year-old woman, gravida 0, para 0, visited our hospital for the first time with a 12-year history of secondary amenorrhea and hypertrichosis. Transvaginal ultrasonography revealed a solid tumor in the right ovary. Right salpingo-oophorectomy was performed and pathological examination confirmed a Sertoli-stromal cell tumor. The patient's serum androgen levels declined postoperatively, but remained above normal. Pioglitazone treatment for 6 months also significantly reduced serum androgen levels, but they still remained above normal. However, after losing 12 kg of body weight, the patient's serum androgen levels declined to normal, and spontaneous menstruation became regular. Weight reduction with pioglitazone is an effective means of treating hyperandrogenism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo
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Kanaya M, Baba T, Kitajima Y, Ikeda K, Shimizu A, Morishita M, Honnma H, Endo T, Saito T. Continuous follicle-stimulating hormone exposure from pituitary adenoma causes periodic follicle recruitment and atresia, which mimics ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Int J Womens Health 2012; 4:427-31. [PMID: 23071411 PMCID: PMC3469228 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s33386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-secreting pituitary adenoma is usually a nonfunctioning tumor, but in rare cases it may develop into ovarian hyperstimulation. Several reports have revealed that serum FSH levels are normal to slightly high in patients with combined FSH-secreting pituitary adenoma with ovarian hyperstimulation. This finding is different from iatrogenic ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), which is associated with extremely high levels of FSH. Objective To describe the clinical course of two patients who developed OHSS from FSH-secreting pituitary adenoma. Results Endocrine studies of the two cases revealed that FSH levels were normal or slightly increased, but luteinizing hormone levels were low to undetectable. Their estradiol (E2) levels were intriguing: levels fluctuated drastically over 6 weeks in Case 1, but stayed flat in Case 2. Ultrasonographic examinations showed bilaterally enlarged multicystic ovaries, and magnetic resonance imaging indicated pituitary tumors. Transsephenoidal resection of the tumors ameliorated the symptoms and pathological diagnosis revealed FSH-secreting pituitary adenomas. Conclusion As is not the case in iatrogenic OHSS, even a small to moderate amount of FSH stimulation, which is continuously secreted by a pituitary adenoma, can cause ovarian hyperstimulation. Although FSH-secreting pituitary adenoma can cause ovarian hyperstimulation, an extremely high amount of E2 biosynthesis from granulosa cells seldom occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Kanaya
- Mika Ladies Clinic, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Honnma H, Baba T, Sasaki M, Hashiba Y, Oguri H, Fukunaga T, Endo T, Asada Y. Serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels affect the rate of ongoing pregnancy after in vitro fertilization. Reprod Sci 2012; 20:51-9. [PMID: 22814098 DOI: 10.1177/1933719112450329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We used logistic regression analysis to investigate the relationship between serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels and the rate of ongoing pregnancy. Retrospective data were collected from 1043 women who had undergone their first cycle of in vitro fertilization (IVF), including 540 cycles of fresh embryo transfer and 503 cycles of frozen-thawed embryo transfer. The patients were divided into 4 groups based on the cutoff values from a receiver-operating characteristic curve: 0.0 to 12.4, 12.5 to 25.5, 25.6 to 44.1, and >44.2 pmol/L. After adjustment for multiple confounders, the serum AMH group was found to be significantly related to the rate of ongoing pregnancy in total cycles (0.0-12.4 vs 12.5-25.5 pmol/L; P = .0088, odds ratio, 1.909: vs 25.6-44.1 pmol/L; P = .0281, odds ratio, 2.109: vs >44.2 pmol/L; P = .0008, odds ratio, 2.840). In conclusion, there appears to be a significant relationship between serum AMH levels and the ongoing pregnancy rate in first IVF treatment cycles after adjustment for multiple confounders.
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Baba T, Endo T, Ikeda K, Takenami N, Shimizu A, Morishita M, Honnma H, Ikeda H, Saito T. Simultaneous presentation of tubal and primary abdominal pregnancies following clomiphene citrate treatment. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012; 286:395-8. [PMID: 22454215 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-012-2300-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal pregnancy is a rare condition that is potentially life-threatening for the mother. We present a case of simultaneous ectopic pregnancies (EPs) in the right fallopian tube and in the vesicouterine pouch. A 26-year-old woman had undergone prior ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at an outside hospital for unexplained infertility. The patient was referred to our hospital for a suspected ectopic pregnancy at 6 weeks gestation. Transvaginal ultrasonography detected a viable fetus at the anterior left side of the uterus; therefore, we suspected a left tubal pregnancy. However, laparoscopic surgery revealed that EPs were located in both the left vesicouterine pouch and in the right fallopian tube. Resection of the right salpinx and abdominal implant were performed. Histopathological examination confirmed the simultaneous presentation of a primary abdominal pregnancy and a right tubal pregnancy. After surgery, the patient's serum hCG level returned to normal. Concurrent EPs and abdominal pregnancy are very rare. However, it should be noted that reproductive technologies sometimes cause unusual clinical situations. A thorough abdominal inspection is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan.
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Honnma H, Hashiba Y, Asada Y, Endo T. Failure of triggering oocyte maturation with a GnRH agonist in polycystic ovary syndrome: two case reports. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2011; 157:239-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Baba T, Endo T, Ikeda K, Shimizu A, Honnma H, Ikeda H, Masumori N, Ohmura T, Kiya T, Fujimoto T, Koizumi M, Saito T. Distinctive features of female-to-male transsexualism and prevalence of gender identity disorder in Japan. J Sex Med 2011; 8:1686-93. [PMID: 21477021 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02252.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of transsexualism is thought to differ among socio-geographic backgrounds, and little is known about its prevalence in Japan. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is known to be associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, is often seen in female-to-male (FTM) transsexual patients. Consequently, detection of PCOS is an important part of health care for these individuals. AIM The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of transsexuality in Japan, as well as the incidences of PCOS and insulin resistance among Japanese FTM transsexual patients. METHODS One hundred four male-to-female (MTF) and 238 FTM Japanese transsexual patients were studied. Medical histories, including histories of menstrual cycling and hormone treatment, were taken. To exclude other diseases, such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia and hormone-secreting tumors, thorough medical assessments, including transvaginal or transrectal ultrasonography and measurement of serum hormone levels and insulin resistance indexes, were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The diagnosis of PCOS was based on the Rotterdam 2003 criteria. RESULTS Based on demographic statistics, the prevalences of MTF and FTM transsexuality are about 3.97 and 8.20 per 100,000 people, respectively, making the MTF-to-FTM ratio about 1:2. Of the FTM transsexual patients studied, 128 had not taken hormones before their initial assessment (untreated group); the remaining 50 self-administered androgen. Among the untreated group, 32.0% were diagnosed with PCOS, 30.1% were insulin-resistant, and 31.1% showed hypoadiponectinemia. CONCLUSIONS The sex ratio among Japanese transsexuals is different than among Caucasians. PCOS and insulin resistance are common findings in FTM transsexual patients at initial presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Honnma H, Endo T, Kiya T, Shimizu A, Nagasawa K, Baba T, Fujimoto T, Henmi H, Kitajima Y, Manase K, Ishioka S, Ito E, Saito T. Remarkable features of ovarian morphology and reproductive hormones in insulin-resistant Zucker fatty (fa/fa) rats. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010; 8:73. [PMID: 20576113 PMCID: PMC2907382 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-8-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zucker fatty (fa/fa) rats are a well-understood model of obesity and hyperinsulinemia. It is now thought that obesity/hyperinsulinemia is an important cause of endocrinological abnormality, but to date there have been no reports on the changes in ovarian morphology or the ovarian androgen profile in rat models of obesity and insulin resistance. METHODS In this study we investigated the effects of obesity and hyperinsulinemia on ovarian morphology and the hormone profile in insulin-resistant Zucker fatty rats (5, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age, n = 6-7). RESULTS Ovaries from 5-week-old fatty rats had significantly greater total and atretic follicle numbers, and higher atretic-to-total follicle ratios than those from lean rats. Ovaries from 12- and 16-week-old fatty rats showed interstitial cell hyperplasia and numerous cysts with features of advanced follicular atresia. In addition, serum testosterone and androstenedione levels significantly declined in fatty rats from age 8 to 16 weeks, so that fatty rats showed significantly lower levels of serum testosterone (12 and 16 weeks) and androstenedione (all weeks) than lean rats. This may reflect a reduction of androgen synthesis during follicular atresia. Serum adiponectin levels were high in immature fatty rats, and although the levels declined significantly as they matured, it remained significantly higher in fatty rats than in lean rats. On the other hand, levels of ovarian adiponectin and its receptors were significantly lower in mature fatty rats than in lean mature rats or immature fatty rats. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that ovarian morphology and hormone profiles are significantly altered by the continuous insulin resistance in Zucker fatty rats. Simultaneously, abrupt reductions in serum and ovarian adiponectin also likely contribute to the infertility seen in fatty rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Honnma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Endo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Ayumi Shimizu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Nagasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Henmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Kitajima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Kengo Manase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Shinichi Ishioka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Eiki Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
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Baba T, Endo T, Sata F, Nagasawa K, Honnma H, Kitajima Y, Hayashi T, Manase K, Kanaya M, Moriwaka O, Kamiya H, Yamada H, Minakami H, Kishi R, Saito T. The contributions of resistin and adiponectin gene single nucleotide polymorphisms to the genetic risk for polycystic ovary syndrome in a Japanese population. Gynecol Endocrinol 2009; 25:498-503. [PMID: 19544118 DOI: 10.1080/09513590902972042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous group of disorders that occur fairly commonly in women of reproductive age and are characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations, including insulin resistance that is independent of obesity. Recent studies suggest that altered adipocytokine gene expression is closely associated with insulin resistance and that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) modulate the expression and/or function of these genes, thereby affecting insulin sensitivity. With that in mind, we investigated whether SNPs at position -420 of the resistin gene (RETN) and/or -11377 of the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) modulate the susceptibility to PCOS. We evaluated the genotypes of 117 women with PCOS and 380 healthy fertile controls and measured the index of insulin resistance and hormonal profiles in the PCOS women. The RETN-420G/G homozygous variant genotype occurred significantly more frequently among the PCOS group than among the control group (15.4% vs. 8.4%, p = 0.035). PCOS women with the RETN-420G/G genotype also showed significantly higher BMIs and greater insulin resistance than those with RETN-420 C/C or C/G genotypes. The ADIPOQ SNP at -11377 showed no association with PCOS. We conclude that the RETN G/G at -420 genotype is associated with PCOS in Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Honnma H, Endo T, Hayashi T, Saito T. Placenta increta: Use of dynamic MRI for diagnosis and evaluation of placental vascularity. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2007; 134:131-3. [PMID: 16962230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2006] [Revised: 05/15/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Baba T, Endo T, Sata F, Honnma H, Kitajima Y, Hayashi T, Manase K, Kanaya M, Yamada H, Minakami H, Kishi R, Saito T. Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with genetic polymorphism in the insulin signaling gene IRS-1 but not ENPP1 in a Japanese population. Life Sci 2007; 81:850-4. [PMID: 17719609 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that insulin resistance resulting from altered post-receptor signaling is associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We hypothesized that insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) Gly972Arg polymorphism and/or ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) Lys121Gln polymorphism predisposes women to PCOS and that these polymorphisms also affect anthropometric variables, glucose metabolism and androgen synthesis. To test those ideas, we studied the genotypes, indexes of insulin resistance, and hormone profiles in 123 Japanese women with PCOS and 380 healthy Japanese controls. We found that there were significantly more IRS-1 972Arg carriers among the PCOS patients than among the healthy controls (10.6% vs. 4.8%, p=0.029), which is consistent with our finding that women carrying the IRS-1 972Arg allele had a significantly increased risk of developing PCOS (odds ratio: 3.31, 95% confidence interval: 1.49-7.35). By contrast, the ENPP1 Lys121Arg polymorphism was distributed equally among PCOS patients and controls. In addition, neither of these polymorphisms studied affected the anthropometric variables, metabolic parameters or androgen levels of women with PCOS. We conclude that the IRS-1 Gly972Arg polymorphism is associated with PCOS in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Chu-o-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543 Japan.
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Baba T, Endo T, Honnma H, Kitajima Y, Hayashi T, Ikeda H, Masumori N, Kamiya H, Moriwaka O, Saito T. Association between polycystic ovary syndrome and female-to-male transsexuality. Hum Reprod 2007; 22:1011-6. [PMID: 17166864 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), altered hormonal characteristics and insulin resistance in female-to-male (FTM) transsexual patients. METHODS We studied 69 Japanese FTM cases, aged 17-47 years, who were seen in the Gender Identity Disorder Clinic of Sapporo Medical University Hospital between December 2003 and May 2006. The subjects had never received hormonal treatment or sex re-assignment surgery. Prior to treatment, they received physical examinations entailing measurement of anthropometric, metabolic and endocrine parameters, after which we compared the values obtained according to the presence or absence of PCOS and/or obesity. Insulin resistance was determined using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Of the 69 participating FTM cases, 40 (58.0%) were found to have PCOS. Of the 49 for whom HOMA-IR was calculated, 15 (30.6%) also showed insulin resistance, whereas of the 59 for whom adiponectin was measured, 18 (30.5%) showed hypoadiponectinaemia. Of 69 for whom androgens were measured, 29 (39.1%) showed hyperandrogenaemia. Insulin resistance was associated with obesity but not with PCOS. In contrast, hyperandrogenaemia was associated with both PCOS and obesity. CONCLUSION FTM transsexual patients have a high prevalence of PCOS and hyperandrogenaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Endo T, Kiya T, Goto T, Henmi H, Manase K, Honnma H, Baba T, Ishioka S, Hayashi T, Chida M, Arima K, Yamazaki K, Kanaya M, Azumaguchi A, Moriwaka O, Kamiya H, Saito T. Significance of matrix metalloproteinases in the pathophysiology of the ovary and uterus. Reprod Med Biol 2006; 5:235-243. [PMID: 29699252 PMCID: PMC5904581 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0578.2006.00147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are capable of degrading a variety of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and are also involved in the processing of a number of bioactive molecules. Our findings indicate that the functions of MMP in the ovary and uterus are organ-specific and time-dependently vary during the reproductive cycle. Prolactin induces structural luteolysis indicated by loss of luteal weight, protein and DNA within 36 h after pretreatment with ergot alkaloid. MMP activation appears crucial for the selective depletion of protein during luteal involution, which entails loss of ECM accompanied by apoptosis. During GnRHagonist-induced luteolysis, this response was also associated with marked increases in MMP-2, which degraded collagen type IV, and MT1-MMP, which in addition to activating MMP-2 also degrades collagen type I, III and V. We also found that the level of MT1-MMP and MMP-2 expression in the human CL is greater during the late luteal phase than during either the early mid luteal phases or during gestation, respectively. That dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) treatment caused the formation of cysts from antral follicles in the ovaries of immature rats while depressing MMP-2 collagenolytic activity and enhancing lysyl oxidase expression highlights the importance of collagen degradation in the process of ovulation and suggests that changes in the activities of these enzymes play a key role in ovarian cystogenesis in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analyses showed that MT1-MMP and FasL co-localize with TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL)-positive apoptotic granulosa cells in rats treated with DHEA, that the Fas/FasL/Caspase-8 (death receptor-dependent) pathway is pivotal for follicular atresia and that increased levels of MT1-MMP likely play an important role in tissue remodeling during follicular atresia. After parturition, the uterus undergoes involution, a conspicuous feature characterized by a rapid reduction in the collagen content mediated by degradation of extracellular collagen bundles. Our findings strongly suggest that MT1-MMP, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are each time-dependently regulated and play important roles in tissue remodeling during postpartum uterine involution. (Reprod Med Biol 2006; 5: 235-243).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Endo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | | | - Taeko Goto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Hirofumi Henmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Kengo Manase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroyuki Honnma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Tsuyoshi Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Shinichi Ishioka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Takuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
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Kitajima Y, Endo T, Hayashi T, Ishioka S, Baba T, Honnma H, Saito T. A successful IVF-pregnancy in a patient who underwent conservative surgery followed by a regimen of cisplatin, vinblastine and peplomycin to treat an advanced ovarian mixed germ cell tumour: a case report. Hum Reprod 2006; 22:850-2. [PMID: 17067995 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed germ cell tumours of the ovary, one type of malignant ovarian germ cell tumours (MOGCTs), are rare gynaecologic cancers usually affecting young women. We report the case of a patient with an advanced ovarian mixed germ cell tumour who underwent fertility-saving surgery followed by a chemotherapy regimen of cisplatin, vinblastine and peplomycin. The patient was disease-free 8 years after initial presentation. She conceived and gestated dichorionic twins after IVF-embryo transfer. To the best of our knowledge, the patient is the first to be treated successfully with the combination chemotherapy regimen and then conceive safely using assisted reproductive technology (ART).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kitajima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Honnma H, Endo T, Henmi H, Nagasawa K, Baba T, Yamazaki K, Kitajima Y, Hayashi T, Manase K, Saito T. Altered expression of Fas/Fas ligand/caspase 8 and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase in atretic follicles within dehydroepiandrosterone-induced polycystic ovaries in rats. Apoptosis 2006; 11:1525-33. [PMID: 16820958 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-006-9148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the presence of cystic follicles in various stages of growth and atresia, the latter of which is known to be the result of apoptosis and tissue remodeling. To further investigate the process of follicular atresia, we compared ovarian expression and localization of Fas, Fas ligand (FasL), casapse-8 and membrane-type1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) in rats treated with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) as a model of PCOS, and in control rats. We found that the numbers of TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL)-positive follicles were significantly higher in ovaries from PCOS rats than in those from control rats (P < 0.05), as were ovarian levels of FasL mRNA and protein, processed caspase-8 protein and MT1-MMP mRNA. Correspondingly, we also observed an increase in the level of MTI-MMP catalytic activity and a decrease in the level of pro-caspase-8 protein. In addition, immunohistochemical analyses showed that MT1-MMP and FasL co-localize with TUNEL-positive apoptotic granulosa cells within atretic follicles of PCOS ovaries. Our results suggest that under the PCOS-like conditions induced by DHEA, the Fas/FasL/Caspase-8 (death receptor dependent) pathway is pivotal for follicular atresia, and that increased levels of MT1-MMP likely play an important role in tissue remodeling during structural luteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Honnma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
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Manase K, Endo T, Chida M, Nagasawa K, Honnma H, Yamazaki K, Kitajima Y, Goto T, Kanaya M, Hayashi T, Mitaka T, Saito T. Coordinated elevation of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression in rat uterus during postpartum involution. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2006; 4:32. [PMID: 16740171 PMCID: PMC1538602 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-4-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2006] [Accepted: 06/02/2006] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The changes occurring in the rodent uterus after parturition can be used as a model of extensive tissue remodeling. As the uterus returns to its prepregnancy state, the involuting uterus undergoes a rapid reduction in size primarily due to the degradation of the extracellular matrix, particularly collagen. Membrane type-I matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is one of the major proteinases that degrades collagen and is the most abundant MMP form in the uterus. Matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) can degrade type I collagen, although its main function is to degrade type IV collagen found in the basement membrane. To understand the expression patterns of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the rat uterus, we analyzed their activities in postpartum uterine involution. METHODS We performed gelatin zymography, northern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry to compare the expression levels of MT1-MMP, MMP-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and the tissue inhibitors of MMPs-1 and 2 (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) in the rat uterus 18 h, 36 h and 5 days after parturition with their expression levels during pregnancy (day 20). RESULTS We found that both MT1-MMP and MMP-2 localized mainly in the cytoplasm of uterine interstitial cells. The expression levels of MT1-MMP and MMP-2 mRNAs and the catalytic activities of the expressed proteins significantly increased 18 h and 36 h after parturition, but at postpartum day 5, their mRNA expression levels and catalytic activities decreased markedly. The expression levels of MMP-9 increased 18 h and 36 h after parturition as determined by gelatin zymography including the expression levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. CONCLUSION These expression patterns indicate that MT1-MMP, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 may play key roles in uterine postpartum involution and subsequent functional regenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Manase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuou-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Endo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuou-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Mitunobu Chida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuou-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Nagasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuou-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honnma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuou-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Yamazaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuou-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Yoshimitu Kitajima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuou-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Taeko Goto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuou-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Mika Kanaya
- Department of Pathophysiology, Cancer Research Institute, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuou-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Mitaka
- Mica ladies Clinic, 5-21, Hiragishi-3jou-10, Toyohiraku, Sapporo 062-0933, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuou-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
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Kitajima Y, Endo T, Nagasawa K, Manase K, Honnma H, Baba T, Hayashi T, Chiba H, Sawada N, Saito T. Hyperstimulation and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist modulate ovarian vascular permeability by altering expression of the tight junction protein claudin-5. Endocrinology 2006; 147:694-9. [PMID: 16269461 DOI: 10.1210/en.2005-0700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism by which a GnRH agonist (GnRHa) affects ovarian vascularity, vascular permeability, and expression of the tight junction protein claudin-5 in a rat model of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Hyperstimulated rats received excessive doses of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG; 50 IU/d) for 4 consecutive days, from d 25 to 28 of life, followed by 25 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on d 29. Control rats received 10 IU PMSG on d 27 of life, followed by 10 IU hCG on d 29. GnRHa (leuprolide 100 microg/kg.d) was administered to some hyperstimulated rats either on d 29 and 30 (short-term GnRHa treatment) or from d 25 to 30 (long-term GnRHa treatment). Ovarian vascular density (vessels per 10 mm(2)) and vessel endothelial area (percent) were assessed by immunohistochemical analysis of the distribution of von Willebrand factor, whereas vascular permeability was evaluated based on leakage of Evans blue. High doses of PMSG and hCG significantly increased ovarian weight, vascular permeability, vascular density, and the vessel endothelial area and significantly reduced expression of claudin-5 protein and mRNA. All of these effects were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by administration of GnRHa. This suggests that reduced expression of claudin-5 plays a crucial role in the increased ovarian vascular permeability seen in OHSS and that its expression can be modulated by GnRHa treatment. Indeed, preventing redistribution of tight junction proteins in endothelial cells and the resultant loss of endothelial barrier architecture might be the key to protecting patients against massive extravascular fluid accumulation in cases of OHSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Kitajima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
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Yamazaki K, Endo T, Kitajima Y, Manase K, Nagasawa K, Honnma H, Hayashi T, Kudo R, Saito T. Elevation of both cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 expressions in rat placenta after uterine artery ischemia-reperfusion. Placenta 2005; 27:395-401. [PMID: 15990166 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2005.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2005] [Revised: 04/22/2005] [Accepted: 04/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has a multifactorial pathogenesis and is an important cause of perinatal mortality. The relationship between fetal weight and placental blood flow in an animal model of IUGR has been investigated, showing that fetal growth is regulated by placental blood flow. The aim of the present study was to determine whether ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury stimulates the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) system or the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system in the placenta of a rat IUGR model. COX-2 is reported to be involved in ischemic damage in many organs. There are 4 types of PGE2 receptor (EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4). It is well known that EP1 and EP3 is associated with vasoconstriction. In the present study, vessels were occluded in the right uterine horn on day 17 of pregnancy in rats, and the clamps were removed after 30 min of ischemia. At 24h, 48 h, and 5 days after I/R injury, the live fetuses and placentas were obtained by cesarean section. This study revealed that I/R injury caused IUGR 5 days after the treatment. COX-2 expression and EP3 receptor expression were significantly elevated at 24h after I/R injury, but VEGF mRNA expression was not altered in the placenta from the ischemic horn compared with the non-ischemic horn. These results suggested that induction of the COX-2-EP3 system in the placenta may be one of the causes of IUGR induced by uterine ischemia, because the EP3 receptor and PGE2 are well known to mediate vasoconstriction in many organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamazaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 16 Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
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Endo T, Kiya T, Kitajima Y, Honnma H, Chida M, Hayashi T, Henmi H, Yamazaki K, Hayashi T, Manase K, Kudo R. Identical changes in Bax expression, but not Fas ligand expression, occur in structural luteolysis in gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist- and prolactin-treated superovulated rats. Life Sci 2005; 76:2159-69. [PMID: 15733931 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2003] [Accepted: 06/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Structural luteolysis induced by gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) or prolactin (PRL) is defined as histological involution of the corpus luteum. We reported that one of the mechanisms of structural luteolysis induced by PRL was tissue remodeling by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and also apoptosis in superovulated rats. We also reported that GnRHa induced structural luteolysis with elevation of MMP. In this study, we investigated whether GnRHa caused apoptosis in mature corpus luteum of superovulated rats and also examined the expression of apoptosis-related molecules (Fas, Fas ligand (FasL), Bcl-2, Bax). We gave 4-day GnRHa treatment 5 days after hCG injection to immature female rats treated with pregnant mare surum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and hCG to induce structural involution of mature corpus luteum. PMSG-hCG-treated rats without GnRHa treatment, rats treated with bromocryptine (Brom) to induce functional luteolysis and rats treated with Brom followed by PRL (Brom+PRL) to mimic the PRL surge to induce structural luteolysis as we previously reported were used for comparison. GnRHa treatment caused structural luteolysis characterized by structural involution, a decrease in the serum progestin level, and apoptotic bodies as well as structural luteolysis induced by Brom+PRL. FasL expression in corpora lutea was elevated after Brom treatment, but there was no elevation of FasL after GnRHa treatment started. FasL expression decreased and Bax expression increased in structural luteolysis induced by GnRHa as well as Brom+PRL treatment, although Fas and Bcl-2 expression did not change throughout the luteal phase. In summary, both GnRHa and Brom+PRL caused structural luteolysis, one of whose mechanisms was apoptosis with an increase in Bax expression, but not with an identical change in FasL expression. It is speculated that the significance in alteration of FasL may involve some mechanism other than apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Endo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
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Endo T, Honnma H, Hayashi T, Chida M, Yamazaki K, Kitajima Y, Azumaguchi A, Kamiya H, Kudo R. Continuation of GnRH agonist administration for 1 week, after hCG injection, prevents ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome following elective cryopreservation of all pronucleate embryos. Hum Reprod 2002; 17:2548-51. [PMID: 12351526 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/17.10.2548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An approach consisting of elective cryopreservation of all embryos has been proposed for patients at risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Although elective cryopreservation can prevent pregnancy-induced late OHSS, it cannot prevent early OHSS. Early OHSS is reported to have been complicated with thromboembolism. The study was carried out to assess the efficacy with which the continued administration of GnRH agonist for 1 week after 5000 IU of hCG injection could prevent early OHSS. METHODS This study employed an open controlled clinical trial at three centres for treatment of infertility in Sapporo. A total of 138 patients at risk of OHSS during IVF-embryo transfer from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 1999, were assigned in turn either to a group with elective cryopreservation of all pronucleate embryos (n = 68) or to one with continuation of GnRH agonist administration for 1 week after hCG injection following elective cryopreservation (n = 70). Subsequently, they were transferred in hormone replacement cycles. The development of severe OHSS (ascites, haemoconcentration) was compared between the two groups. RESULTS A total of 10% of patients developed severe OHSS necessitating hospitalization because of a marked increase in ascites in the upper abdomen and the haemoconcentration in the elective cryopreservation alone group. On the other hand, none developed severe OHSS in the GnRH agonist continuation group. CONCLUSIONS In our study, continuation of GnRH agonist for 1 week after hCG injection prevented severe early OHSS following elective cryopreservation of all embryos. This treatment is safe and cost-beneficial, and should be performed promptly for patients at risk of OHSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Endo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan.
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Abstract
Bovine colostrum whey and immunoglobulins were prepared. Their characteristics and anti-viral activities were studied:IgG, IgA and IgM were found in bovine colostrum. Most IgG was polymerized. Although neutralization activities against bovine, simian and human rotaviruses existed, anti-human adenovirus antibody was not found. Effects on prophylaxis and treatment for rotavirus gastroenteritis were expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ushijima
- Department of Enteroviruses, National Institute of Health, Japan
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