1
|
Dos Santos LS, Souza LB, Goulart IMB, Drummond MR, Velho PENF. Bartonella henselae DNA detection in patients with type 1 leprosy reactions for more than six months. Braz J Infect Dis 2024; 28:103743. [PMID: 38697215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2024.103743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Leprosy reactions are among the main causes of physical disability resulting from an infectious disease and can culminate in irreversible physical disabilities, therefore they should be considered a clinical emergency, as well as the elucidation of its cause. Co-infections are considered one of the main triggering causes of leprosy reactions, aggravating and maintaining these reactions for longer in these patients. After reporting a high rate of Bartonella henselae infection in patients with chronic type 2 leprosy reaction, 19/47 (40.4 %) compared to the control group, 9/50 (18.0 %), p = 0.0149, we conducted this study to observe the rate of infection by Bartonella sp. in a group of patients with chronic type 1 leprosy reactions. Blood samples from 14 patients with chronic type 1 leprosy reactions were analyzed by molecular and microbiological tests and compared. The results showed that, like patients with chronic type 2 leprosy reactions, this group of patients has a high proportion of B. henselae infection 6/14 (42.9 %), p = 0.88. We conclude that these bacteria can trigger chronic leprosy reactions and should be investigated in all chronic leprosy reactions patients. Summary Line: Our results showed that, like patients with chronic type 2 leprosy reactions, this group of patients has the same proportion of B. henselae DNA detection 6/14 (42.9 %), p = 0.88.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciene Silva Dos Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Aplicada em Dermatologia e Infecção por Bartonella, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lais Bomediano Souza
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Departamento de Medicina, Campinas, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Marina Rovani Drummond
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Aplicada em Dermatologia e Infecção por Bartonella, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira Velho
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Aplicada em Dermatologia e Infecção por Bartonella, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Dermatologia, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Celestino IC, Antunes DE, Santos DF, Gimenes VL, de Souza FM, Goulart IMB. Adverse reactions induced by MDT/WHO (Rifampicin+Clofazimine+Dapsone) and ROM (Rifampicin+Ofloxacin+Minocycline) regimens used in the treatment of leprosy: a cohort study in a National Reference Center in Brazil. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1346169. [PMID: 38515839 PMCID: PMC10955366 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1346169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Recommended standard treatment for leprosy is multidrugtherapy (MDT/WHO), consisting Rifampicin+Dapsone+Clofazimine. Other medications are recommended in cases of resistance, adverse reactions and intolerances, including ROM regimen, Rifampicin+Ofloxacin+Minocycline. Therefore, pharmacovigilance is an important tool in understanding these adverse drug reactions (ADRs), supporting pharmacotherapy management and medication safety. This study seeks to evaluate ADRs comparing two therapeutic regimens, MDT and ROM, used in treatment of patients with leprosy, analyzing prognostic factors regarding risk and safety. Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed by assessing medical records of 433 patients diagnosed with leprosy from 2010 to 2021 at a National Reference Center in Brazil. They were subject to 24 months or more of treatment with MDT or ROM regimens. ADR assessments were analyzed by two experienced researchers, who included clinical and laboratory variables, correlating them with temporality, severity and the causality criteria of Naranjo and WHO. Results: The findings observed an average of 1.3 reactions/patient. Out of individuals experiencing reactions, 67.0% (69/103) were utilizing MDT/MB, while 33.0% (34/103) were using ROM. The median time for ADR of 79 days for MDT and 179 days for ROM. In first reaction, Dapsone was the most frequently involved medication; the most affected system was hematopoietic. As compared to Clofazimine, results indicated that use of Dapsone was associated with 7% increased risk of ADR occurrence (HR: 1.07; p = 0.866). Additionally, Rifampicin was linked to 31% increased risk of ADRs (HR: 1.31; p = 0.602); and Ofloxacin showed 35% elevated risk (HR: 1.35; p = 0.653). Conversely, results for Minocycline indicated 44% reduction in the risk of ADRs (HR: 0.56; p = 0.527), although statistical significance was not reached. The use of MDT conferred 2.51 times higher risk of developing ADRs in comparison to ROM. Conclusion: The comparison between MDT and ROM revealed that MDT caused more ADRs, and these reactions were more severe, indicating less safety for patients. Dapsone was the most common medication causing ADRs, followed by Rifampicin. The combination with Clofazimine was associated with an additional risk of ADRs, warranting further studies to confirm this hypothesis. Given the high magnitude of ADRs, healthcare teams need to monitor patients undergoing leprosy treatment with focus on pharmacovigilance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Costa Celestino
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Douglas Eulalio Antunes
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Diogo Fernandes Santos
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Victor Lemos Gimenes
- Faculty of Medicine, Higher School of Health Sciences, Federal District Health Department, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
dos Santos DF, Borges IS, Garcia LP, Antunes DE, Luppi ADM, Goulart IMB. Description of electroneuromiographic and laboratorial findings in leprosy neuropathy, according to its clinical forms: the confirmation of a spectral disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1304131. [PMID: 38259847 PMCID: PMC10801246 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1304131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Leprosy is one of the most common infectious cause of peripheral neuropathy in the world and can lead to sequelae and physical disabilities. Electroneuromyography (ENMG) is the gold-standard test for evaluating neural impairment, detecting from subclinical abnormalities to advanced lesions. This study aims to describe the electroneuromyographic findings in patients with leprosy, according to their clinical forms. Methods The study is a retrospective observational analysis of the medical records of patients with leprosy, of a National Reference Center of Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy in Brazil between 2014 and 2022. 513 patients underwent ENMG at leprosy diagnosis and also underwent a clinical, serological and molecular evaluation of the disease. Results The electroneuromyographic findings showed 2,671 altered nerves, with an average of 6.9 (±5.1) altered nerves per patient. The most affected sensory nerves were the superficial peroneal (25.0%; 413/1649), sural (15.1%; 397/2627) and ulnar (13.8%; 363/2627), with average of 4.3 (±3.2) affected sensory nerves per patient. The most affected motor nerves were the ulnar (33.1%; 338/1022) and common peroneal (12.1%; 319/2627), with average of 2.6 (±2.5) motor nerves affected per patient. 126 patients presented normal ENMG and, among the 387 with abnormalities in the exam, 13.2% (51/387) had mononeuropathy and 86.8% (336/387) had multiple mononeuropathy. Axonal involvement was more frequent in primary neural leprosy, borderline-tuberculoid, borderline-lepromatous and lepromatous forms. Discussion Our findings support that leprosy is a spectral disease, characterized by a balance between host immunity and bacillary load. Therefore, the impairment and electroneuromyographic characteristics are distinct and may vary according to the clinical form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Fernandes dos Santos
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Isabella Sabião Borges
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Peixoto Garcia
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Douglas Eulálio Antunes
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Andrea De Martino Luppi
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
- Radiology Division, Clinics’ Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alcântara SBC, de Araújo JG, Santos DF, da Silva TR, Goulart IMB, Bernardes da Silva AM, Antunes DE. Identification of types of wound bed tissue as a percentage and total wound area by planimetry in neuropathic and venous ulcers. J Vasc Nurs 2023; 41:164-170. [PMID: 38072568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvn.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic and venous leg ulcers are chronic wounds associated with devitalized tissue and recurrent infection. Management should be guided by accurate tissue assessment, including the use of planimetry, which provides tissue types as a percentage of the total wound bed surface area. OBJECTIVE This innovative study aimed to assess and identify the wound bed tissues, as a percentage, of neuropathic and venous ulcers using digital planimetry, providing support to nurses optimize the management of necrotic tissues and, consequently, to avoid wound infection. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 24 patients with chronic wounds who were assessed from January to March 2021 at the Wound Outpatients Clinic. The wound photographs were analyzed using Image J 1.53e and a smartphone with WoundDoc Plus® 2.8.2 via digital planimetry. Statistical analyses were performed using the binomial test, t-test, and Mann-Whitney. RESULTS Median wound areas (p=0.3263) did not differ between the group with 2 or 3 risk factors for delayed healing (Md: 31.7) and the group with up to 1 risk factor (Md: 5.3). A low exudate level was associated with the up-to-1-risk-factor-for-delayed-healing group (p=0.0405), while a medium level was associated with the two-or-three-risk-factor group (p=0.0247). A heat map displayed the tissue percentages in the wound bed. In the group with 2 or 3 risk factors for delayed healing, 91.7% (11/12) had less than 70% granulation tissue, which was the primary factor for this group (p<0.0001). Additionally, 66.7% (8/12) of patients with 2 or 3 risk factors for delayed healing exhibited discolored and/or dark red granulation tissue as the primary factor (p=0.0130). CONCLUSION This novel identification of wound area and tissue types as a percentage, using digital planimetry, can play a crucial role in assisting nurses in decision-making related to the appropriate management of devitalized tissues. Furthermore, this measurements may facilitate the conducting of virtual wound consultations and offer valuable support in the development of protocols aimed at preventing infection and biofilm formation in the wound bed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bottaro Carvalho Alcântara
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38.413-018, Brazil
| | - Juliano Gonçalves de Araújo
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38.413-018, Brazil
| | - Diogo Fernandes Santos
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38.413-018, Brazil; School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | | | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38.413-018, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | | | - Douglas Eulálio Antunes
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38.413-018, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Santos LSD, Drummond MR, Goulart IMB, França AFEDC, Souza EMD, Ferreira Velho PEN. Bartonella henselae as a putative trigger for chronic type 2 leprosy reactions. Braz J Infect Dis 2023; 27:103701. [PMID: 37980941 PMCID: PMC10709108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2023.103701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Leprosy reactions are an acute inflammatory phenomenon that can arise before diagnosis, during treatment, or after cure of leprosy. These reactions are considered one of the main diseases that cause physical disabilities. Immunosuppressive treatment for these immune responses makes these patients susceptible to coinfections, which can trigger new leprosy reactions. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of infection by Bartonella sp. in blood samples from 47 patients who had untreatable episodes of type 2 leprosy reactions for more than six months, comparing them with a control group. Cultures and molecular methods (PCR) were used. Amplicons from species-specific reactions and sequencing showed a higher prevalence of Bartonella henselae infection in patients, 19/47 (40.4 %), compared to control, 9/50 (18.0 %), p = 0.0149. Five patients accepted treatment for coinfection, and all showed improvement in leprosy reactions with treatment for B. henselae infection. We conclude that these bacteria can trigger chronic reactions of type 2 leprosy and should be investigated in these patients. SUMMARY LINE: Patients who have chronic type 2 leprosy reactions are more susceptible to Bartonella henselae infection than controls: 19/47 (40.4 %) compared 9/50 (18.0 %), p = 0.0149.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciene Silva Dos Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Aplicada em Dermatologia e Infecção por Bartonella, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marina Rovani Drummond
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Aplicada em Dermatologia e Infecção por Bartonella, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Centro Nacional de Referência em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Elemir Macedo de Souza
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Dermatologia, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira Velho
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Aplicada em Dermatologia e Infecção por Bartonella, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Dermatologia, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lima MIS, Corrêa MBC, Moraes ECDS, Oliveira JDDD, de Souza Santos P, de Souza AG, Goulart IMB, Goulart LR. HSP60 mimetic peptides from Mycobacterium leprae as new antigens for immunodiagnosis of Leprosy. AMB Express 2023; 13:120. [PMID: 37891336 PMCID: PMC10611693 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01625-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The early diagnosis of leprosy serves as an important tool to reduce the incidence of this disease in the world. Phage display (PD) technology can be used for mapping new antigens to the development of immunodiagnostic platforms. Our objective was to identify peptides that mimic Mycobacterium leprae proteins as serological markers using phage display technology. The phages were obtained in the biopanning using negative and positive serum from household contacts and leprosy patients, respectively. Then, the peptides were synthesized and validated in silico and in vitro for detection of IgG from patients and contacts. To characterize the native protein of M. leprae, scFv antibodies were selected against the synthetic peptides by PD. The scFv binding protein was obtained by immunocapture and confirmed using mass spectrometry. We selected two phase-fused peptides, MPML12 and MPML14, which mimic the HSP60 protein from M. leprae. The peptides MPML12 and MPML14 obtained 100% and 92.85% positivity in lepromatous patients. MPML12 and MPM14 detect IgG, especially in the multibacillary forms. The MPML12 and MPML14 peptides had positivity of 11.1% and 16.6% in household contacts, respectively. There was no cross-reaction in patient's samples with visceral leishmaniasis, tuberculosis and other mycobacteriosis for both peptides. Given these results and the easy obtainment of mimetic antigens, our peptides are promising markers for application in the diagnosis of leprosy, especially in endemic and hyperendemic regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Ingrid Sousa Lima
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program on Health and Environment and Postgraduate Program on Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Paula de Souza Santos
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Aline Gomes de Souza
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- National Reference Center in Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, School of Medicine, Clinics' Hospital, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Luppi ADM, Ferreira GE, Prudêncio DL, Antunes DE, Araújo L, Dos Santos DF, Nogueira-Barbosa MH, Goulart IMB. High-resolution ultrasonography for early diagnosis of neural impairment in seropositive leprosy household contacts. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285450. [PMID: 37220153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Leprosy household contacts (HC) represent a high-risk group for the development of the disease. Anti-PGL-I IgM seropositivity also increases the risk of illness. Despite significant advances in leprosy control, it remains a public health problem; and early diagnosis of this peripheral neuropathy represents one of the main goals of leprosy programs. The present study was performed to identify neural impairment in leprosy HC by analyzing differences in high-resolution ultrasonographic (US) measurements of peripheral nerves between leprosy HC and healthy volunteers (HV). Seventy-nine seropositive household contacts (SPHC) and 30 seronegative household contacts (SNHC) underwent dermato-neurological examination and molecular analysis, followed by high-resolution US evaluation of cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the median, ulnar, common fibular and tibial nerves. In addition, 53 HV underwent similar US measurements. The US evaluation detected neural thickening in 26.5% (13/49) of the SPHC and only in 3.3% (1/30) among the SNHC (p = 0.0038). The CSA values of the common fibular and tibial nerves were significantly higher in SPHC. This group also had significantly greater asymmetry in the common fibular and tibial nerves (proximal to the tunnel). SPHC presented a 10.5-fold higher chance of neural impairment (p = 0.0311). On the contrary, the presence of at least one scar from the BCG vaccine conferred 5.2-fold greater protection against neural involvement detected by US (p = 0.0184). Our findings demonstrated a higher prevalence of neural thickening in SPHC and support the role of high-resolution US in the early diagnosis of leprosy neuropathy. The combination of positive anti-PGL-I serology and absence of a BCG scar can identify individuals with greater chances of developing leprosy neuropathy, who should be referred for US examination, reinforcing the importance of including serological and imaging methods in the epidemiological surveillance of leprosy HC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea De Martino Luppi
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics' Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU/EBSERH), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Radiology Division, Clinics' Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU/EBSERH), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Emilio Ferreira
- Radiology Division, Clinics' Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU/EBSERH), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Denis Luiz Prudêncio
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics' Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU/EBSERH), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Douglas Eulálio Antunes
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics' Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU/EBSERH), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Araújo
- Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Diogo Fernandes Dos Santos
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics' Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU/EBSERH), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcello Henrique Nogueira-Barbosa
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Radiology Division, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics' Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU/EBSERH), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
dos Santos DF, Garcia LP, Borges IS, Oliveira TJ, Antunes DE, Luppi ADM, Goulart IMB. Early diagnosis of neural impairment in seropositive leprosy household contacts: The experience of a reference center in Brazil. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1143402. [PMID: 36993802 PMCID: PMC10040679 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1143402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionLeprosy is an infectious disease that remains with a high number of new cases in developing countries. Household contacts have a higher risk for the development of the disease, but the neural impairment in this group is not well elucidated yet. Here, we measured the chance of occurrence of peripheral neural impairment in asymptomatic leprosy household.MethodsContacts who present anti-PGL-I IgM seropositivity, through electroneuromyography (ENMG) evaluation. We recruited 361 seropositive contacts (SPC) from 2017 to 2021, who were subjected to an extensive protocol that included clinical, molecular, and electroneuromyographic evaluations.ResultsOur data revealed a positivity of slit skin smear and skin biopsy qPCR of 35.5% (128/361) and 25.8% (93/361) respectively. The electroneuromyographic evaluation of the SPC showed neural impairment in 23.5% (85/361), with the predominance of a mononeuropathy pattern in 62.3% (53/85). Clinical neural thickening was observed in 17.5% (63/361) of seropositive contacts, but among the individuals with abnormal ENMG, only 25.9% (22/85) presented neural thickening in the clinical exam.DiscussionOurs results corroborates the need to make the approach to asymptomatic contacts in endemic countries more timely. Since leprosy in its early stages can present an indolent and subclinical evolution, serological, molecular, and neurophysiological tools are essential to break the disease transmission chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Fernandes dos Santos
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Diogo Fernandes dos Santos,
| | - Leonardo Peixoto Garcia
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Isabella Sabião Borges
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Thales Junqueira Oliveira
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Douglas Eulálio Antunes
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Andrea De Martino Luppi
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
dos Santos DF, Herlys Gomes Braga V, Junqueira Oliveira T, Sabião Borges I, Goulart IMB. Guillain-Barré syndrome following a Type 2 leprosy reaction: A case report. LEPROSY REV 2022. [DOI: 10.47276/lr.93.4.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Fernandes dos Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor Herlys Gomes Braga
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Brazil
| | - Thales Junqueira Oliveira
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Brazil
| | - Isabella Sabião Borges
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Brazil
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Antunes DE, Santos DF, Lima MIS, Caixeta LP, Correa MBC, Moraes ECDS, Conceição NCA, Goulart LR, Goulart IMB. Clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory prognostic factors in patients with leprosy reactions: A 10-year retrospective cohort study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:841030. [PMID: 35957854 PMCID: PMC9358030 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.841030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Leprosy reactions, the main cause of neural damage, can occur up to 7 years after starting multidrug therapy. We aimed to approach the prognostic factors that may influence the leprosy reactions over the follow-up time. Methods Retrospective cohort study, encompassing 10 years of data collection, composed of 390 patients, divided into 201 affected by reactions and 189 reaction-free individuals. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory variables were approached as prognostic factors associated with leprosy reactions. The association among variables was analyzed by a binomial test and survival curves were compared by the Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional-hazards regression. Results 51.5% (201/390) of patients were affected by leprosy reactions. These immunological events were associated with lepromatous leprosy (16.2%; 63/390; p < 0.0001) and multibacillary group (43%; 169/390; p < 0.0001). This study showed that survival curves for the prognostic factor anti-PGL-I, comparing positive and negative cases at diagnosis, differed in relation to the follow-up time (Log Rank: p = 0.0760; Breslow: p = 0.0090; Tarone-Ware: p = 0.0110). The median survival times (time at which 50% of patients were affected by leprosy reactions) were 5 and 9 months for those reactional cases with negative (26/51) and positive serology (75/150), respectively. The time-dependent covariates in the cox proportional-hazards regression showed anti-PGL-I as the main prognostic factor to predict leprosy reactions (hazard ratio=1.91; p = 0.0110) throughout the follow-up time. Conclusions Finally, these findings demonstrated that anti-PGL-I serology at diagnosis is the most important prognostic factor for leprosy reactions after starting multidrug therapy, thus enabling prediction of this immunological event.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Eulálio Antunes
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Douglas Eulálio Antunes
| | - Diogo Fernandes Santos
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Pereira Caixeta
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Santana MADO, da Costa WVT, Celestino IC, dos Santos DF, Dornelas BDC, Pavelka MM, Luppi ADM, Goulart IMB. Fever of Unknown Origin, Wasting Syndrome and Bone Marrow Involvement: A Leprosy Case Report. Front Immunol 2022; 13:916319. [PMID: 35874693 PMCID: PMC9300819 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.916319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium leprae, the etiologic agent of leprosy, is an acid-fast-staining and slow-growing bacilli that infect macrophages and Schwann cells individually or through forming globi. The clinical presentation of leprosy is broad and depends on the host immune response. We report a case of a 42-year-old Brazilian man presenting with fever of unknown origin (FUO), anemia, wasting syndrome, and neuropathy. The diagnosis of lepromatous leprosy was made after an extensive investigation revealed the presence of M. leprae in the bone marrow. Bone marrow involvement in leprosy is rare and some authors believe the presence of M. leprae in the bone marrow can act as a reservoir of the disease facilitating future relapses. It is important to investigate bone marrow involvement in leprosy, especially when the patient presents with cytopenias and positive epidemiologic history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Araujo de Oliveira Santana
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marcela Araujo de Oliveira Santana,
| | | | - Isadora Costa Celestino
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Diogo Fernandes dos Santos
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Bruno de Carvalho Dornelas
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
- Pathology Department, Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea De Martino Luppi
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Oliveira MF, dos Santos DF, Peres LB, Antunes DE, Braga VHG, de Oliveira Andrade A, Pereira AA, Goulart IMB. Evaluation of the integrity of the facial muscles in leprosy patients using surface electromyography: a cross-sectional study. LEPROSY REV 2022. [DOI: 10.47276/lr.93.2.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marlice Fernandes de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- University Center of Cerrado, Patrocínio, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diogo Fernandes dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, University Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciano Brinck Peres
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Douglas Eulálio Antunes
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, University Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano de Oliveira Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriano Alves Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, University Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Goulart IMB, Santana MADO, Costa WVTD, Pavelka MM, Dornelas BDC. Type 2 leprosy reaction presenting as a monoarthritis post multidrug therapy. IDCases 2022; 27:e01386. [PMID: 35036324 PMCID: PMC8749206 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 leprosy reaction, or erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), involves a complex interaction between the host's immune system and Mycobacterium leprae. It may occur before, during, or after treatment and have a variable clinical presentation involving different body systems, such as skin, osteoarticular, kidneys, and others. Thus, the differential diagnosis, depending on its clinical presentation, can be broad and challenging. The authors report a case of a severe monoarthritis during a type 2 reaction after the multidrug therapy (MDT) was discharged and the investigation of the differential diagnoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), 1720, Pará avenue, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), 94, Capricórnio Street, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.,National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), 94, Capricórnio Street, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcela Araujo de Oliveira Santana
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), 94, Capricórnio Street, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Matthew Martin Pavelka
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 620 N. Chestnut Street Holmstedt Hall 135, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mendes do Nascimento AC, Dos Santos DF, Antunes DE, Gonçalves MA, Santana MADO, Dornelas BDC, Goulart Filho LR, Goulart IMB. Leprosy Relapse: a Retrospective Study on Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutics Aspects at a Brazilian Referral Center. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 118:44-51. [PMID: 35017109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aim to characterize the profile of patients diagnosed with leprosy relapse and understand the influence of different multidrug therapy (MDT) treatments and initial disease presentation. METHODS This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with leprosy relapse at a referral center in Brazil from 2013-2018. We analyzed their clinical-epidemiological characteristics, laboratory, and bacilloscopic tests. Survival analysis was used to determine the time elapsed until relapse, according to the previous treatment and the disease clinical forms. RESULTS 126 cases of relapse were analyzed, which comprised 11.89% (126/1059) of the cases. The median time elapsed until relapse was 10 years, and most patients had previously undergone 12 doses of MDT (40.48%; 51/126). Undergoing 24 doses of MDT was associated with a better prognosis regarding relapse over time compared to six or 12 doses of MDT therapy. Most of the cases of relapse were classified as multibacillary (96.03%; 121/126). CONCLUSION The incidence of relapse was greater than observed in other studies. The high percentage of multibacillary patients who had negative bacillary indices demonstrated that the bacillary index cannot be considered to be an essential criterion for relapse, especially with regard to making an early diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diogo Fernandes Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics' Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Douglas Eulálio Antunes
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics' Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Gonçalves
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics' Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcela Araujo de Oliveira Santana
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics' Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruno de Carvalho Dornelas
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics' Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics' Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics' Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tiago LMDP, Barbosa MFF, Santos DFD, Faria AD, Gonçalves MA, Costa AV, Goulart IMB. Late follow-up of peripheral neural decompression in leprosy: functional and clinical outcomes. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2021; 79:716-723. [PMID: 34550184 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral neural surgical decompression (PNSD) is used as a complementary therapy to the clinical treatment of neuritis to preserve neural function. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term (≥ 1 year) clinical and functional results for PNSD in leprosy neuritis. METHODS This cross-sectional study included leprosy patients who were in late postoperative period (LPO) of surgical decompression of ulnar, median, tibial, and fibular nerves. Socioeconomic, epidemiological, and clinical data were collected. The following instruments were used in this evaluation: visual analogue pain scale (VAS), Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions (DN4), SALSA scale, and simplified neurological assessment protocol. The preoperative (PrO) and 180-day postoperative (PO180) results were compared. RESULTS We evaluated 246 nerves from 90 patients: 56.6% were on multidrug therapy (MDT) and 43.3% discharged from MDT. Motor scores and pain intensity showed statistically significant improvement (p<0.01). There was an increase in sensory scores only for bilateral ulnar nerves (p<0.05). Of the operated cases, 26.0% of patients were referred for surgery of ulnar neuritis and 23.6% of tibial neuritis. Neuropathic pain was reported in 41% of cases. Daily dose of prednisone reduced from 39.6 mg (±3.0) in PrO, 16.3 mg (±5.2) in PO180, to 1.7 mg (±0.8) in LPO. The SALSA scale results showed mild activity limitation in 51% and moderate in 34% of patients. Eighty percent of individuals reported that the results reached their expectations. CONCLUSIONS PNSD in leprosy was effective in the long term to decrease the prevalence and intensity of pain, improve motor function, and reduce the dose of corticosteroids, which is reflected in the patients' satisfaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Marques de Pinho Tiago
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Hospital de Clínicas, Centro Nacional de Referência em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Uberlandia MG, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Uberlandia MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Ferreira Barbosa
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Hospital de Clínicas, Centro Nacional de Referência em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Uberlandia MG, Brazil
| | - Diogo Fernandes Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Hospital de Clínicas, Centro Nacional de Referência em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Uberlandia MG, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Uberlandia MG, Brazil
| | - Adelmo Divino Faria
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Hospital de Clínicas, Centro Nacional de Referência em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Uberlandia MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Hospital de Clínicas, Centro Nacional de Referência em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Uberlandia MG, Brazil
| | - Adeilson Vieira Costa
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Hospital de Clínicas, Centro Nacional de Referência em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Uberlandia MG, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Hospital de Clínicas, Centro Nacional de Referência em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Uberlandia MG, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Uberlandia MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dos Santos DF, Antunes DE, Dornelas BC, da Cunha BA, Oliveira TJ, Pereira RC, Goulart LR, Goulart IMB. Peripheral nerve biopsy: a tool still needed in the early diagnosis of neural leprosy? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2020; 114:792-797. [PMID: 32710545 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early recognition of neural impairment in leprosy, especially in primary neural forms, represents a challenge in clinical practice and a peripheral nerve biopsy may be required for diagnostic confirmation. This study aims to characterize the epidemiological, clinical, electroneuromyographic, laboratory and histopathological aspects of patients undergoing peripheral nerve biopsy during investigation of primary neural cases in leprosy. METHODS A total of 104 patients with peripheral neuropathy who were referred to a national reference centre for leprosy were biopsied from 2014 to 2018. All cases underwent clinical, laboratory, histopathological and electroneuromyographic evaluations. RESULTS Of 104 biopsied patients, leprosy was confirmed in 89.4% (93/104). The biopsied nerves were the ulnar (67.8% [63/93]), superficial fibular (21.5% [20/93]), sural (8.6% [8/93]), radial (1.1% [1/93]) and deep fibular (1.1% [1/93]). Twenty-nine percent (27/93) presented histopathological abnormalities and 4.4% (4/93) presented acid-fast bacilli. Nerve and superjacent skin quantitative polymerase chain reaction were positive in 49.5% (46/93) and 24.8% (23/93) of cases, respectively. Patients with multiple mononeuropathy had a higher frequency of histopathological abnormalities (p=0.0077). CONCLUSIONS This study reinforces peripheral nerve biopsy's role as an important tool in the investigation of primary neural cases, contributing to the early diagnosis and also reducing diagnostic errors and the need for empirical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Fernandes Dos Santos
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), 1720 Pará Avenue, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), 1720 Pará Avenue, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Douglas Eulálio Antunes
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), 1720 Pará Avenue, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), 1720 Pará Avenue, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Bruno Carvalho Dornelas
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), 1720 Pará Avenue, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), 1720 Pará Avenue, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Bruno Araujo da Cunha
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), 1720 Pará Avenue, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Thales Junqueira Oliveira
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), 1720 Pará Avenue, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Raquel Campos Pereira
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), 1720 Pará Avenue, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), 1720 Pará Avenue, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), 1720 Pará Avenue, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.,Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), 1720 Pará Avenue, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), 1720 Pará Avenue, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), 1720 Pará Avenue, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Eulálio Antunes
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics Hospital, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics Hospital, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics Hospital, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lima MIS, Capparelli FE, Dias Oliveira JDD, Fujimura PT, Moraes ECDS, Araujo ECB, Silva NM, Alves-Balvedi RP, Brito-Madurro AG, Goulart IMB, Goulart LR. Biotechnological and Immunological Platforms Based on PGL-I Carbohydrate-Like Peptide of Mycobacterium leprae for Antibodies Detection Among Leprosy Clinical Forms. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:429. [PMID: 32256479 PMCID: PMC7092704 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-I) is an abundant antigen on the Mycobacterium leprae cell wall, commonly used for operational classification of leprosy patients. Our aim was to develop PGL-I mimotopes with similar characteristics and functions of the native antigen. We have used a random peptide phage display (PD) library for selections against the monoclonal antibody anti-PGL-I. After three selection cycles, six peptides were identified. All sequences were interspersed by a spacer generating a chimeric peptide (PGLI-M3) that was artificially synthesized. The highly reactive peptide was submitted to a reverse PD selection with a single-chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragment combinatorial library. The most reactive scFv was then validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against both native PGL-I and two derived synthetic (NDO and ND-O-HSA). We have further proved the scFv specificity by detecting M. leprae bacilli in leprosy lesions through immunohistochemistry. We then described its applicability in ELISA for all clinical forms and household contacts (HC). Afterward, we showed differential binding affinities of PGLI-M3 to sera (anti-PGL-I IgM) from all leprosy clinical forms through surface plasmon resonance (SPR). ELISA IgM detection showed 89.1% sensitivity and 100% specificity, considering all clinical forms. Positivity for anti-PGL-I IgM was twofold higher in both HC and patients with paucibacillary forms in hyperendemic regions than in endemic ones. The SPR immunosensor was able to differentiate clinical forms with 100% accuracy. This is the first time that a PGL-I mimotope has efficiently mimicked the carbohydrate group of the M. leprae antigen with successful immunoassay applications and may become a substitute for the native antigen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Ingrid Sousa Lima
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Fausto Emilio Capparelli
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Tiemi Fujimura
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Neide Maria Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Graci Brito-Madurro
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- National Reference Center in Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics' Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
dos Santos OAL, dos Santos DF, Antunes DE, da Cunha BA, Goulart IMB. Ocular conditions in newly diagnosed and post-treatment leprosy patients at a National Reference Center in Brazil. LEPROSY REV 2020. [DOI: 10.47276/lr.91.1.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
20
|
Dos Santos DF, Mendonça MR, Antunes DE, Goulart LR, Goulart IMB. Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory aspects of leprosy neural relapses. Neurol Clin Pract 2020; 9:468-471. [PMID: 32042480 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Fernandes Dos Santos
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy (DFS, MRM, DEA, LRG, IMBG), Clinics' Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU); Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences (DFS, LRG, IMBG), School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU); Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry (LRG), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), MG, Brazil; and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (LRG), University of California Davis
| | - Matheus Rocha Mendonça
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy (DFS, MRM, DEA, LRG, IMBG), Clinics' Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU); Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences (DFS, LRG, IMBG), School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU); Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry (LRG), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), MG, Brazil; and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (LRG), University of California Davis
| | - Douglas Eulálio Antunes
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy (DFS, MRM, DEA, LRG, IMBG), Clinics' Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU); Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences (DFS, LRG, IMBG), School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU); Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry (LRG), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), MG, Brazil; and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (LRG), University of California Davis
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy (DFS, MRM, DEA, LRG, IMBG), Clinics' Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU); Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences (DFS, LRG, IMBG), School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU); Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry (LRG), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), MG, Brazil; and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (LRG), University of California Davis
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy (DFS, MRM, DEA, LRG, IMBG), Clinics' Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU); Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences (DFS, LRG, IMBG), School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU); Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry (LRG), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), MG, Brazil; and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (LRG), University of California Davis
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
de Oliveira MF, Antunes DE, dos Santos DF, Goulart IMB. Evaluation of the cutaneous sensation of the face in patients with different clinical forms of leprosy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213842. [PMID: 30870498 PMCID: PMC6417732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leprosy can be considered to be the most common peripheral neuropathy of infectious etiology and constitutes a public health problem. The standard routine examination for assessing sensory impairment in leprosy neuropathy basically evaluates hands, feet and eyes. However, evaluation of facial cutaneous sensation is not routinely performed. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate facial cutaneous sensation in patients with different clinical forms of leprosy and compare the findings with those from healthy individuals. Methodology 19 healthy controls and 71 leprosy patients who were being treated at a national reference center for leprosy in Brazil underwent facial sensation assessment using the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test. This test was applied over the facial areas corresponding to the ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular distal branches of the trigeminal nerve. Results The predominant clinical form in terms of changes to facial cutaneous sensation was lepromatous leprosy (LL), followed by the borderline-borderline (BB), and borderline-lepromatous (BL) forms, in comparison with healthy individuals. The distal branches most affected were the zygomatic (28.2%; 20/71), buccal (23.9%; 17/71) and nasal (22.5%; 16/71). There was asymmetrical sensory impairment of the face in 62.5% (20/32) of the cases. Conclusion The face is just as impaired in leprosy as are the feet, hands and eyes, but facial impairment is underdiagnosed. Our evaluation on the different sensory branches and evidence of asymmetrical impairment of the face confirm the classically described pattern of leprosy neuropathy, i.e. consisting of asymmetrical and predominantly sensory peripheral neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlice Fernandes de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program on Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- University Center of Cerrado, Patrocínio, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Douglas Eulálio Antunes
- Postgraduate Program on Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, University Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diogo Fernandes dos Santos
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, University Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- Postgraduate Program on Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, University Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nahas AA, Lima MIDS, Goulart IMB, Goulart LR. Anti-Lipoarabinomannan-Specific Salivary IgA as Prognostic Marker for Leprosy Reactions in Patients and Cellular Immunity in Contacts. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1205. [PMID: 29904387 PMCID: PMC5990868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy causes the most common peripheral neuropathy of infectious etiology, posing an important public health problem worldwide. Understanding the molecular and immunological mechanisms of nerve damage induced by M. leprae is mandatory to develop tools for early diagnosis and preventive measures. The phenolic glycolipid 1 (PGL-1) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigens are major components of the bacterial surface and are implicated on leprosy immunopathogenesis and neural damage. Although the anti-PGL-1 serum IgM is highly used for operational classification of patients, the anti-LAM salivary IgA (sIgA) has not been investigated as diagnostic or prognostic marker in leprosy. Our aim was to assess the presence of anti-LAM sIgA in leprosy patients and their contacts in order to demonstrate whether such expression was associated with leprosy reactions. Distinct patterns of anti-LAM slgA were observed among groups, which were stratified into treatment-naïve patients (116), patients who completed multidrug therapy—MDT (39), household contacts (111), and endemic controls (11). Both anti-LAM sIgA and anti-PGL-I serum IgM presented similar prognostic odds toward leprosy reactions [(odds ratio) OR = 2.33 and 2.78, respectively]. Furthermore, the anti-LAM sIgA was highly correlated with multibacillary (MB) forms (OR = 4.15). Contrarily, among contacts the positive anti-LAM sIgA was highly correlated with those with positive Mitsuda test, suggesting that the presence of anti-LAM slgA may act as an indicator of cellular immunity conferred to contacts. Our data suggest that anti-LAM slgA may be used as a tool to monitor patients undergoing treatment to predict reactional episodes and may also be used in contacts to evaluate their cellular immunity without the need of Mitsuda tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Alan Nahas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics' Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
dos Santos DF, Mendonça MR, Antunes DE, Sabino EFP, Pereira RC, Goulart LR, Goulart IMB. Molecular, immunological and neurophysiological evaluations for early diagnosis of neural impairment in seropositive leprosy household contacts. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006494. [PMID: 29782495 PMCID: PMC5983863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Household contacts constitute the highest risk group for leprosy development, and despite significant progress in the disease control, early diagnosis remains the primary goals for leprosy management programs. Methods We have recruited 175 seropositive and 35 seronegative household contacts from 2014 to 2016, who were subjected to an extensive protocol that included clinical, molecular (peripheral blood qPCR, slit-skin smear qPCR, skin biopsy qPCR) and electroneuromyographic evaluations. Results/Principal findings The positivity of peripheral blood qPCR of seropositive contacts was 40.6% (71/175) whereas only 8.6% (3/35) were qPCR positive in seronegative contacts (p = 0.0003). For the slit-skin smear, only 4% (7/175) of seropositive contacts presented positive bacilloscopy, whereas the qPCR detected 47.4% (83/175) positivity in this group compared with only 17.1% (6/35) in seronegative contacts (p = 0.0009). In the ENMG evaluation of contacts, 31.4% (55/175) of seropositives presented some neural impairment, and 13.3% (4/35) in seronegatives (p = 0.0163). The presence of neural thickening conferred a 2.94-fold higher chance of ENMG abnormality (p = 0.0031). Seropositive contacts presented a 4.04-fold higher chance of neural impairment (p = 0.0206). The peripheral blood qPCR positivity presented odds 2.08-fold higher towards neural impairment (OR, 2.08; p = 0.028). Contrarily, the presence of at least one BCG vaccine scar demonstrated 2.44-fold greater protection against neural impairment (OR = 0.41; p = 0.044). Conclusions/Significance ELISA anti-PGL-I is the most important test in determining the increased chance of neural impairment in asymptomatic leprosy household contacts. The combination of the two assays (ELISA anti-PGL-I and peripheral blood qPCR) and the presence of BCG scar may identify individuals with higher chances of developing leprosy neuropathy, corroborating with the early diagnosis and treatment. Despite the apparent progress observed in recent years in leprosy control, early identification of cases remains one of the primary objectives of control programs. In addition, the failure of the current therapeutic scheme on the incidence of leprosy demonstrates that the disease elimination as a public health program promoted by the World Health Organization (WHO) depends on an incisive action to interrupt its transmission chain. The long incubation period of leprosy, its insidious symptoms and signs may difficult its diagnosis. Several studies have recently demonstrated that IgM anti-PGL-I seropositive contacts present higher chances to become ill than seronegative ones. Therefore, our question was: do seropositive contacts at greater risk of becoming sick already present subclinical neural damage? Therefore, our approach was to analyse anti-PGL-I seropositive contacts through electroneuromyography. The development and implementation of more specific and sensitive methods for the detection of M. leprae and its neural impairment, using immunological, molecular and neurophysiological tools are mandatory to increase the knowledge of leprosy epidemiology, to break its chain of transmission, thereby enabling effective control of this disease. This report demonstrated that seropositive contacts is the population group with higher chances of neural impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Fernandes dos Santos
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Matheus Rocha Mendonça
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Douglas Eulálio Antunes
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Elaine Fávaro Pípi Sabino
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Raquel Campos Pereira
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
dos Santos DF, Mendonça MR, Antunes DE, Sabino EFP, Pereira RC, Goulart LR, Goulart IMB. Revisiting primary neural leprosy: Clinical, serological, molecular, and neurophysiological aspects. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0006086. [PMID: 29176796 PMCID: PMC5720806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leprosy neuropathy is considered the most common peripheral neuropathy of infectious etiology worldwide, representing a public health problem. Clinical diagnosis of primary neural leprosy (PNL) is challenging, since no skin lesions are found and the slit skin smear bacilloscopy is negative. However, there are still controversial concepts regarding the primary-neural versus pure-neural leprosy definition, which will be explored by using multiple clinical-laboratory analyses in this study. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Seventy patients diagnosed with primary neural leprosy from 2014 to 2016 underwent clinical, laboratorial and neurophysiological evaluation. All patients presented an asymmetric neural impairment, with nerve thickening in 58.6%. Electroneuromyography showed a pattern of mononeuropathy in 51.4%. Positivity for ELISA anti-PGL1 was 52.9%, while the qPCR of slit skin smear was 78.6%. The qPCR of nerve biopsies was positive in 60.8%. Patients with multiple mononeuropathy patterns showed lower levels of anti-PGL-1 (p = 0.0006), and higher frequency of neural thickening (p = 0.0008) and sensory symptoms (p = 0.01) than those with mononeuropathy. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE PNL is not a synonym of pure neural leprosy, as this condition may include a generalized immune response and also a skin involvement, documented by molecular findings. Immunological, molecular, and neurophysiological tools must be implemented for diagnosing primary neural leprosy to achieve effective treatment and reduction of its resultant disabilities that still represent a public health problem in several developing nations. Finally, we propose a algorithm and recommendations for the diagnosis of primary neural leprosy based on the combination of the three clinical-laboratorial tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Fernandes dos Santos
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Matheus Rocha Mendonça
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Douglas Eulálio Antunes
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Elaine Fávaro Pípi Sabino
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Raquel Campos Pereira
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics’ Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Antunes DE, Ferreira GP, Nicchio MVC, Araujo S, Cunha ACRD, Gomes RR, Costa AVD, Goulart IMB. Number of leprosy reactions during treatment: clinical correlations and laboratory diagnosis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2017; 49:741-745. [PMID: 28001221 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0440-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The occurrence of leprosy reactions, a common event during treatment, may be mostly related to the action of multidrug therapy on Mycobacterium leprae. The clinical and laboratory monitoring of patients with reactions is important, since collecting data that assists in predicting the risk of reactions may help to prevent disability. METHODS: This was a sectional study, in order to correlate clinical and laboratory diagnosis with the number of reactions during treatment. Spearman's correlation was used to verify the degree of association between the assessed variables. RESULTS: This study was conducted with 211 patients with leprosy reactions during treatment of M. leprae. The borderline tuberculoid group was the most prevalent clinical form (74/211; 35.1%) and the type one reaction showed the highest frequency (136/211; 64.5%). It was observed that 73.5% (155/211) of reactions occurred within 3 months of the initiation of multidrug therapy. The diagnostic values, including the bacterial indices (BIs) of dermal smears (r = 0.21, p < 0.05) and skin biopsies (r = 0.20; p < 0.05), showed a positive correlation with the number of reactions during treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This research showed a positive correlation between bacillary load markers and the number of leprosy reactions. This study provided scientific support to future research aiming to elucidate the influence of antigenic load on the number of leprosy reactions during treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Eulálio Antunes
- Centro de Referência Nacional em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Porto Ferreira
- Centro de Referência Nacional em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Vitorino Candeiro Nicchio
- Centro de Referência Nacional em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sergio Araujo
- Centro de Referência Nacional em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Rodrigues da Cunha
- Centro de Referência Nacional em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Resende Gomes
- Centro de Referência Nacional em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adeilson Viera da Costa
- Centro de Referência Nacional em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- Centro de Referência Nacional em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Araujo e Araújo AERD, Aquino DMCD, Goulart IMB, Pereira SRF, Figueiredo IA, Serra HO, Fonseca PCDA, Caldas ADJM. Neural complications and physical disabilities in leprosy in a capital of northeastern Brazil with high endemicity. Rev Bras Epidemiol 2016; 17:899-910. [PMID: 25388490 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4503201400040009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leprosy is an infectious disease whose etiologic agent is Mycobacterium leprae, manifested by dermatological and neurological signs and symptoms. OBJECTIVE To investigate neural changes and the degree of physical disability in the eyes, hands and feet before and after treatment, as well as sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients affected by leprosy. METHOD A longitudinal epidemiological study comprising 155 patients with leprosy, from a spontaneous demand, diagnosed between March 2010 and February 2011, and treated with multidrug therapy (MDT) between March 2010 and July 2012 in a program for leprosy eradication in São Luis (MA), Brazil. RESULTS Before treatment, 46.5% of patients were considered as borderline, 51.6% had some alteration in the eyes and 52.3% in the feet, and the radial nerve (18.7%) was the most affected. There was a statistically significant difference between the changes in the radial nerve at the beginning of and after treatment. CONCLUSIONS The analysis points to late diagnosis, as some patients have had abnormal neural and physical disabilities before treatment.
Collapse
|
27
|
Araujo S, Freitas LO, Goulart LR, Goulart IMB. Molecular Evidence for the Aerial Route of Infection of Mycobacterium leprae and the Role of Asymptomatic Carriers in the Persistence of Leprosy. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 63:1412-1420. [PMID: 27558564 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leprosy persists as a public health problem. The chain of transmission and mechanism of infection are not completely understood. In the current study, we investigated the route of infection and of disease onset, from airway exposure, colonization, and bloodstream dissemination. METHODS Mycobacterium leprae DNA was detected through quantitative polymerase chain reaction in nasal vestibule, nasal turbinate mucosa, and peripheral blood samples, along with anti-phenolic glycolipid I serology and skin tests from the same individual, from 113 leprosy patients and 104 household contacts of patients (HHCs). Bivariate statistics and multiple correspondence analysis were employed. RESULTS The rates of DNA positivity among patients were 66.4% (75 of 113) for nasal swab samples, 71.7% (81 of 113) for nasal turbinate biopsy samples, 19.5% (22 of 113) for blood samples, with seropositivity of 62.8% (71 of 113 samples) and with increasing incidences toward the multibacillary pole of the clinical spectrum. Positivity among HHCs were as follows: 49% (51 of 104) for nasal swab samples, 53.8% (56 of 104) for nasal biopsy samples, 6.7% (7 of 104) for blood samples, and 18.3% (19 of 104 samples) for anti-phenolic glycolipid I serology. During the follow-up of 5-7 years, out of 104 HHCs, 7 developed leprosy (6.7%). Risk for the disease outcome was estimated by comparing results in HHCs who develop leprosy with those not affected. Neither nasal passage nor mucosa positivity was determinant of later disease onset; however, blood presence increased the risk for disease development (relative risk/positive likelihood ratio, 5.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.30-23.62), as did seropositivity (positive likelihood ratio, 3.69 [1.67-8.16]; relative risk, 5.97 [1.45-24.5]). CONCLUSIONS Our findings strongly suggest that the aerosol route of infection and transmission is predominant and that HHCs contribute to the infection risk to themselves and probably to others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Araujo
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics Hospital.,Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine
| | | | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics Hospital.,Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine.,Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics Hospital.,Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Araujo S, Rezende MMF, Sousa DCRD, Rosa MR, Santos DCD, Goulart LR, Goulart IMB. Risk-benefit assessment of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination, anti-phenolic glycolipid I serology, and Mitsuda test response: 10-year follow-up of household contacts of leprosy patients. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2016; 48:739-45. [PMID: 26676499 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0245-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite multidrug therapy, leprosy remains a public health issue. The intradermal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, Mitsuda test (lepromin skin test), and anti-phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-I) serology are widely used in leprosy studies and have shown great epidemiological value. METHODS This longitudinal study evaluated the relative risks and benefits of these three tools by comparing results observed in household contacts (HHCs) of leprosy patients who developed leprosy with those of HHCs who did not in a population of 2,992 individuals monitored during a 10-year period. RESULTS Seventy-five (2.5%) new leprosy cases were diagnosed, including 28 (0.9%) co-prevalent cases. Therefore, for the risk-benefit assessment, 47 (1.6%) HHCs were considered as truly diagnosed during follow-up. The comparison between healthy and affected contacts demonstrated that not only did BCG vaccination increase protection, but boosters also increased to 95% relative risk (RR) reduction when results for having two or more scars were compared with having no scars [RR, 0.0459; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.006-0.338]. Similarly, Mitsuda reactions >7mm in induration presented 7-fold greater protection against disease development compared to reactions of 0-3mm (RR, 0.1446; 95% CI, 0.0566-0.3696). In contrast, anti-PGL-I ELISA seropositivity indicated a 5-fold RR increase for disease outcome (RR, 5.688; 95% CI, 3.2412-9.9824). The combined effect of no BCG scars, Mitsuda reaction of <7mm, and seropositivity to anti-PGL-I increased the risk for leprosy onset 8-fold (RR, 8.109; 95% CI, 5.1167-12.8511). CONCLUSIONS The adoption of these combined assays may impose measures for leprosy control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Araujo
- Centro de Referência Nacional em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marina Monteiro Figueiredo Rezende
- Centro de Referência Nacional em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diogo Carrijo Rodrigues de Sousa
- Centro de Referência Nacional em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maraísa Resende Rosa
- Centro de Referência Nacional em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danielle Cristina Dos Santos
- Centro de Referência Nacional em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Centro de Referência Nacional em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- Centro de Referência Nacional em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cunha MADS, Antunes DE, Da Silveira RWM, Goulart IMB. Application of the SRQ20 and the protocol of psychological assessment in patients with leprosy in a Reference Centre in Brazil. LEPROSY REV 2015; 86:229-239. [PMID: 26665358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to apply the protocol of psychological assessment (PAP) and the SRQ-20 to analyse the psychological profile of 130 leprosy patients, in order to evaluate the incidence of Common Mental Disorders (CMD), and screen patients with higher risk of psychological distress. The following results were found in the PAP: 31.53%, 23.8% and 16.9% reported an unsatisfactory childhood, adolescence and adulthood, respectively; 31.53% are afraid of being discriminated against and 16.9% experienced discrimination. Also, 13.07% reported drastic life changes due to leprosy; 29.23% have low self-esteem, 31.53% have real fear and 22.3% have phantasmal fear. In the SRQ-20, the prevalence of CMDs was 32.3%, with the majority being female, married, with low education (primary education), low self-esteem, and with a drastic change in life. Conclusion: This is one of the few studies on the psychological profile of leprosy patients demonstrating the importance of the application of investigative technologies in psychopathological screening, aiming on adherence to treatment and psychotherapy planning. Furthermore, it provides support for reflection on the integrality of healthcare for leprosy patients and the importance of psychologists in health teams.
Collapse
|
30
|
da Conceição Oliveira Coelho Fabri A, Carvalho APM, Araujo S, Goulart LR, de Mattos AMM, Teixeira HC, Goulart IMB, Duthie MS, Correa-Oliveira R, Lana FCF. Antigen-specific assessment of the immunological status of various groups in a leprosy endemic region. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:218. [PMID: 26021317 PMCID: PMC4448205 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-0962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serological tests can be important tools to assist in the diagnosis of leprosy and can contribute to an earlier diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibody responses against phenolic glycolipid-1 (PGL-1), natural disaccharide linked to human serum albumin via an octyl (NDO-HSA), Leprosy IDRI Diagnostic-1 (LID-1) and natural disaccharide octyl--Leprosy IDRI Diagnostic-1 (NDO-LID) in leprosy patients, household contacts of patients and the general population. METHODS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to analyze the antigen-specific antibody responses of 94 leprosy cases, 104 household contacts of cases and 2.494 individuals from the general population. RESULTS A positive correlation was observed for the antibody responses to all antigens studied. A higher proportion of seropositivity for all antigens, along with stronger magnitude of response, was observed in multibacillary (MB) leprosy patients and household contacts of MB leprosy patients compared with the levels observed in paucibacillary (PB) leprosy patients and household contacts of PB leprosy patients. A substantial and significant positive correlation was found between seropositivity and the bacterial index for the leprosy patients. Anti-PGL-1 tests were more frequently positive than anti-NDO-HSA tests among patients with all clinical forms of leprosy and among the group of household contacts. The LID-1 and NDO-LID antigens showed a greater capacity to identify household contacts and individuals from the general population infected with M. leprae. CONCLUSIONS Tests that measure the antibody responses against LID-1, NDO-LID, NDO-HSA and PGL-1 were effective tools for the detection of patients with MB leprosy. Our data indicate that the anti-LID-1 and anti-NDO-LID responses were more effective than an anti-NDO-HSA response for the identification of individuals with subclinical infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angélica da Conceição Oliveira Coelho Fabri
- Department of Basic Nursing, Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Mendes Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Sergio Araujo
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy - CREDESH, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlandia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Uberlandia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Ana Márcia Menezes de Mattos
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Science - Immunology and Infectious Parasitic Disease, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Henrique Couto Teixeira
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy - CREDESH, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlandia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou - CPqRR, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Immunology, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto - UFOP, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais - INCT-DT, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Carlos Félix Lana
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Araujo AERDAE, Aquino DMCD, Goulart IMB, Pereira SRF, Figueiredo IA, Serra HO, de Almeida Fonseca PC, de Jesus Mendes Caldas A. Factors associated with neural alterations and physical disabilities in patients with leprosy in São Luis, State of Maranhão, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2015; 47:490-7. [PMID: 25229291 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0119-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that is caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk factors that are associated with neural alterations and physical disabilities in leprosy patients at the time of diagnosis. METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 155 leprosy patients who participated in a program that aimed to eliminate leprosy from São Luis, State of Maranhão. RESULTS Patients who were 31-45 years of age, were older than 60 years of age or had a partner were more likely to have a disability. Patients with partners were 1.14 times more likely (p = 0.025) to have disabilities of the hands. The frequency of disabilities in the feet among the patients with different clinical forms of leprosy was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The identification of risk factors that are associated with neural alterations and physical disabilities in leprosy patients is important for diagnosing the disease because this approach enables physicians to plan and prioritize actions for the treatment and monitoring of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Abreu Figueiredo
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luis, MA
| | - Humberto Oliveira Serra
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luis, MA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Araújo S, Lobato J, Reis EDM, Souza DOB, Gonçalves MA, Costa AV, Goulart LR, Goulart IMB. Unveiling healthy carriers and subclinical infections among household contacts of leprosy patients who play potential roles in the disease chain of transmission. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013; 107 Suppl 1:55-9. [PMID: 23283454 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000900010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy transmission still occurs despite the availability of highly effective treatment. The next step towards successfully eliminating leprosy is interrupting the chain of transmission of the aetiological agent, Mycobacterium leprae. In this investigation, we provide evidence that household contacts (HHCs) of leprosy patients might not only have subclinical infections, but may also be actively involved in bacilli transmission. We studied 444 patients and 1,352 contacts using anti-phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) serology and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to test for M. leprae DNA in nasal swabs. We classified the patients according to the clinical form of their disease and the contacts according to the characteristics of their index case. Overall, 63.3% and 34.2% of patients tested positive by ELISA and PCR, respectively. For HHCs, 13.3% had a positive ELISA test result and 4.7% had a positive PCR test result. The presence of circulating anti-PGL-I among healthy contacts (with or without a positive PCR test result from nasal swabs) was considered to indicate a subclinical infection. DNA detected in nasal swabs also indicates the presence of bacilli at the site of transmission and bacterial entrance. We suggest that the concomitant use of both assays may allow us to detect subclinical infection in HHCs and to identify possible bacilli carriers who may transmit and disseminate disease in endemic regions. Chemoprophylaxis of these contacts is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Araújo
- Centro Nacional de Referência para Hanseníase e Dermatologia Sanitária, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Antunes DE, Araujo S, Ferreira GP, da Cunha ACSR, da Costa AV, Gonçalves MA, Goulart IMB. Identification of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory risk factors for leprosy reactions during and after multidrug therapy. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013; 108:901-8. [PMID: 24271045 PMCID: PMC3970646 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276130222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional retrospective study evaluated 440 leprosy patients; 57% (251/440) had leprosy reactions during and/or after multidrug therapy, 80.5% (202/251) of whom presented with multibacillary leprosy. At diagnosis, positive bacterial index (BI) [odds ratio (OR) = 6.39; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.1-10.1)] or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (OR = 9.15; 95% CI: 5.4-15.5) in skin smears, anti-phenolic glycolipid-1 (anti-PGL-1) ELISA (OR = 4.77; 95% CI: 2.9-7.9), leucocytosis (OR = 9.97; 95% CI: 3.9-25.7), thrombocytopenia (OR = 5.72; 95% CI: 2.3-14.0) and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (OR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.4-4.0) were potential markers for the development of reactions during treatment. After treatment, positive BI (OR = 8.47; 95% CI: 4.7-15.3) and PCR (OR = 6.46; 95% CI: 3.4-12.3) in skin smears, anti-PGL-1 ELISA (OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.3-3.9), anaemia (OR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.2-4.5), leucocytosis (OR = 4.14; 95% CI: 1.5-11.6) and thrombocytopenia (OR = 3.70; 95% CI: 1.3-2.2) were risk factors for the occurrence of reactions during the study period. The identification of groups with an increased risk for developing reactions will allow for the timely development of a treatment plan to prevent nerve damage and, therefore, the appearance of the disabling sequelae associated with the stigma of leprosy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Eulálio Antunes
- Centro de Referência Nacional em Hanseníase/Dermatologia Sanitária, Hospital de Clínicas,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Sergio Araujo
- Centro de Referência Nacional em Hanseníase/Dermatologia Sanitária, Hospital de Clínicas,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Porto Ferreira
- Centro de Referência Nacional em Hanseníase/Dermatologia Sanitária, Hospital de Clínicas,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Ana Carolina Sousa Rodrigues da Cunha
- Centro de Referência Nacional em Hanseníase/Dermatologia Sanitária, Hospital de Clínicas,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Adeilson Vieira da Costa
- Centro de Referência Nacional em Hanseníase/Dermatologia Sanitária, Hospital de Clínicas,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Maria Aparecida Gonçalves
- Centro de Referência Nacional em Hanseníase/Dermatologia Sanitária, Hospital de Clínicas,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- Centro de Referência Nacional em Hanseníase/Dermatologia Sanitária, Hospital de Clínicas,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Reis EM, Araujo S, Lobato J, Neves AF, Costa AV, Gonçalves MA, Goulart LR, Goulart IMB. Mycobacterium leprae DNA in peripheral blood may indicate a bacilli migration route and high-risk for leprosy onset. Clin Microbiol Infect 2013; 20:447-52. [PMID: 24033793 DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leprosy epidemiological studies have been restricted to Mycobacterium leprae DNA detection in nasal and oral mucosa samples with scarce literature on peripheral blood. We present the largest study applying quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for the detection of M. leprae DNA in peripheral blood samples of 200 untreated leprosy patients and 826 household contacts, with results associated with clinical and laboratory parameters. To detect M. leprae DNA a TaqMan qPCR assay targeting the M. leprae ML0024 genomic region was performed. The ML0024 qPCR in blood samples detected the presence of bacillus DNA in 22.0% (44/200) of the leprosy patients: 23.2% (16/69) in paucibacillary (PB), and 21.4% (28/131) in multibacillary (MB) patients. Overall positivity among contacts was 1.2% (10/826), with similar percentages regardless of whether the index case was PB or MB. After a follow-up period of 7 years, 26 contacts have developed leprosy. Comparing the results of healthy contacts with those that become ill, ML0024 qPCR positivity at the time of diagnosis of their index case represented an impressive 14.78-fold greater risk for leprosy onset (95% CI 3.6-60.8; p <0.0001). In brief, contacts with positive PCR in blood at diagnosis of index cases are at higher risk of later leprosy onset and this marker might be combined with other prognostic markers for management of contacts, which requires further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Reis
- National Reference Centre for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinic Hospital, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia; Post-Graduation Programme in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Naves MDM, Ribeiro FADF, Patrocinio LG, Patrocinio JA, Fleury RN, Goulart IMB. Bacterial load in the nose and its correlation to the immune response in leprosy patients. LEPROSY REV 2013; 84:85-91. [PMID: 23741885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leprosy, whose etiologic agent is M. leprae, has its clinical manifestations correlated with distinct immunologic forms. The mechanism of infectivity and dissemination of the disease are not completely known, although the nasal mucosa is supposed to have an important role in pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE To correlate the clinical and bacteriological parameters with that of nasal biopsy and immunological tests, such as lepromin and ML-Flow results, in untreated leprosy patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD Two hundred and twenty-two patients were evaluated, clinically classified and subjected to skin smear, nasal biopsy, ML-Flow, and Mitsuda test. RESULTS 689% of the cases were borderline cases. Nasal biopsy revealed 91.4% positivity in those who had specific antibodies against M. leprae on blood sample. Lepromatous leprosy cases were 100% positive on ML-flow test, had a large involvement in the nasal mucosa (91%), positive skin smears (100%) and negative Mitsuda test. Nasal bacillary index showed a good correlation with ML-Flow and had similar results when compared to skin smear. The tests agreement was good, revealing that nasal biopsy can be reliable in the diagnosis of multibacillary clinical forms and in the evaluation of the immunological status of leprosy patients. CONCLUSION The presence of disseminated bacilli in the nasal mucosa was similar to skin involvement, when correlated with Mitsuda test and ML-Flow. As a result, the role of nasal bacillary index may play an important role in the clinical and immunologic characterization of leprosy patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcell de Melo Naves
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
De Melo Naves M, Del Faveri Ribeiro FA, Patrocinio LG, Patrocinio JA, Fleury RN, Goulart IMB. Bacterial load in the nose and its correlation to the immune response in leprosy patients. LEPROSY REV 2013. [DOI: 10.47276/lr.84.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
37
|
Lobato J, Costa MP, De Melo Reis É, Gonçalves MA, Spencer JS, Brennan PJ, Goulart LR, Goulart IMB. Comparison of three immunological tests for leprosy diagnosis and detection of subclinical infection. LEPROSY REV 2011. [DOI: 10.47276/lr.82.4.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
38
|
Lobato J, Costa MP, Reis EDM, Gonçalves MA, Spencer JS, Brennan PJ, Goulart LR, Goulart IMB. Comparison of three immunological tests for leprosy diagnosis and detection of subclinical infection. LEPROSY REV 2011; 82:389-401. [PMID: 22439279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to compare the performance of three serological assays in leprosy patients and their household contacts utilising two quantitative ELISA tests using native PGL-I (PGL-1 ELISA), synthetic ND-O-HSA (ND-O-HSA ELISA), and the semi-quantitative lateral flow test (ML Flow). METHODS Comparisons among three immunological assays, PGL-I ELISA, ND-O-HSA ELISA, and ML Flow were performed in 154 leprosy patients, 191 household contacts and 52 health subjects. RESULTS The sensitivity results of the PGL-1, ND-O-HSA, and ML Flow were 68.83%, 63.84%, and 60.65%, respectively, with specificity of 98% for both ELISA assays. The native and synthetic PGL-I ELISA assays detected antibodies in 22.73% and 31.82% of the paucibacillary (PB) patients, respectively and the ML Flow test did not detect antibodies in this group. The ML Flow test was able to discriminate patients into PB or multibacillary (MB) forms, while the native PGL-I and ND-O-HSA was correlated with the bacillary load and the Ridley-Jopling clinical forms. In household contacts, the native PGL-I, ND-O-HSA, and ML Flow assays detected seropositivity of 25%, 17%, and 10%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The use of ELISA and ML Flow tests are thus recommended as additional tools in the diagnosis and classification of the clinical forms, aiding in prescribing the correct treatment regimen to prevent subsequent nerve damage and disability, and besides, the PGL-I ELISA may be used to detect subclinical infection in leprosy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Lobato
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - Centro de Referência Nacional em Hanseníase Av. Aspirante Mega, 77 - Bairro Jaraguá, 38413-018 - Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Duthie MS, Hay MN, Rada EM, Convit J, Ito L, Oyafuso LKM, Manini MIP, Goulart IMB, Lobato J, Goulart LR, Carter D, Reed SG. Specific IgG antibody responses may be used to monitor leprosy treatment efficacy and as recurrence prognostic markers. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 30:1257-65. [PMID: 21544695 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although curable, leprosy requires better diagnostic and prognostic tools to accompany therapeutic strategies. We evaluated the serum samples of leprosy patients from Venezuela and Brazil for reactivity against the specific recombinant proteins, ML0405 and ML2331, and the LID-1 fusion protein that incorporates both of these antigens. Antigen-specific IgG was highest in lepromatous leprosy patients (LL) and decreased across the disease spectrum, such that only a small subset of true tuberculoid patients (TT) tested positive. The impact of multidrug therapy (MDT) on these antibody responses was also examined. Several years after treatment, the vast majority of Venezuelan patients did not possess circulating anti-LID-1, anti-ML0405, and anti-ML2331 IgG, and the seropositivity of the remaining cases could be attributed to irregular treatment. At discharge, the magnitude and proportion of positive responses of Brazilian patients against the proteins and phenolic glycolipid (PGL)-I were lower for most of the clinical forms. The monthly examination of IgG levels in LL patient sera after MDT initiation indicated that these responses are significantly reduced during treatment. Thus, responses against these antigens positively correlate with bacillary load, clinical forms, and operational classification at diagnosis. Our data indicate that these responses could be employed as an auxiliary tool for the assessment of treatment efficacy and disease relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Duthie
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1124 Columbia St., Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Teixeira AC, Cruvinel DL, Roma FRD, Luppino LF, Resende LHP, Sousa TD, Bührer-Sékula S, Goulart IMB. Evaluation of the agreement between clinical and laboratorial exams in the diagnosis of leprosy. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2009; 41 Suppl 2:48-55. [PMID: 19618076 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822008000700011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the correlation between the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of leprosy, using biopsy results from laboratories 'A' and 'B' and the ML Flow test. Clinical and histopathological diagnoses presented 67.6% agreement. The laboratories showed 73.7% agreement in the bacterial index and laboratory 'B' detected 25.4% more positives. The highest agreement was in the LL form and lowest, in the I form. The highest diagnostic discrepancy was for the BB form. Clinical diagnosis agreement was 41.3% for laboratory 'A' and 54% for 'B'. The ML Flow test reclassified 10.7% of the patients. The spectrum of leprosy classification is important for a clearer understanding of the disease and its proper treatment, but is not used in health services, which use the simplified WHO criteria. This could be complemented by ML Flow testing. Such simplification is unacceptable for Leprosy Reference Centers regarding patient attendance, teaching and research, for which the standardization of the Ridley-Jopling classification is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Costa Teixeira
- National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Melo Naves M, Gomes Patrocinio L, Patrocinio JA, Naves Mota FM, Diniz de Souza A, Negrão Fleury R, Bernardes Goulart IM. Contribution of nasal biopsy to leprosy diagnosis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2009; 23:177-80. [PMID: 19401045 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2009.23.3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nasal mucosa plays the main role as the entry and the exit of leprosy bacilli and the nasal involvement may precede the skin lesions by several years. Nasal biopsy has been used in research but its clinical application has not been described. We evaluated the contribution of the nasal biopsy for the diagnosis of leprosy and its correlation to skin biopsy and skin smear in untreated patients. METHODS We evaluated changes in nasal biopsy in 227 leprosy patients. Patients were clinically classified and skin and nasal biopsies and skin smear were performed. RESULTS Nasal biopsy showed positivity in 100% of the lepromatous spectrum decreasing toward the tuberculoid (TT) pole. Patients with TT or indeterminate forms did not present any nasal alterations, showing that they are the true paucibacillary forms. Also, the nasal biopsies of two patients were the only exam to show positivity. The bacillary index of the nasal biopsy was strongly correlated to skin biopsy and slit-skin smear. Additionally, the agreement among the exams was good, revealing the reliability of the nasal biopsy in leprosy diagnosis. CONCLUSION The present study showed a rate of 48% of positivity in nasal biopsy of untreated patients, correlating well with skin biopsy and skin smear. Thus, the method in leprosy diagnosis and clinical form classification has shown great reliability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcell Melo Naves
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Goulart LR, Goulart IMB. Leprosy pathogenetic background: a review and lessons from other mycobacterial diseases. Arch Dermatol Res 2008; 301:123-37. [PMID: 19043725 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-008-0917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Leprosy is a disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that initially affects the peripheral nervous system with patients exhibiting contrasting clinical, immunological, and pathological manifestations despite minimal genetic variation among bacilli isolates. Its clinical manifestations are related to M. leprae survival, innate and acquired immune responses, and interactions between host and bacterial proteins, preventing their invasion and infection, or promoting their development and pathogenesis. The complex molecular interactions in affected individuals influenced by the pathogenetic background will be explored in this review. However, the great genetic diversity imposes difficulty for understanding disease development, and it is likely that many factors and metabolic pathways regulating the immense and contrasting symptomatology will yet be revealed. Four pathways may play a central role in leprosy, including the TLR/LIR-7, VDR, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta1 for which a large amount of gene polymorphisms have been described that could potentially affect the clinical outcome. Cross-talk pathways may significantly change the course of the disease, depending on the specific disequilibrium of genic homeostasis, which is highly dependent on the environment, antigens that are presented to the host cell, and specific polymorphisms that interact with other genes, external factors, and pathogen survival, culminating in leprosy occurrence. Currently, the microarray-based genomic survey of gene polymorphisms, multiple gene expression analyses, and proteomic technologies, such as mass spectrometry and phage display applied in the discovery of antigens, represent a great potential for evaluating individual responses of leprosy patients and contacts to predict the outcome and progression of the disease. At present, none of the genes is good prognostic marker; however, in the near future we may use multiple targets to predict infection and leprosy development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- National Reference Center of Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clínic's Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Goulart IMB, Cardoso AM, Santos MS, Gonçalves MA, Pereira JE, Goulart LR. Detection of Mycobacterium leprae DNA in skin lesions of leprosy patients by PCR may be affected by amplicon size. Arch Dermatol Res 2007; 299:267-71. [PMID: 17530267 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-007-0758-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2006] [Revised: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 04/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high sensitivity and specificity of PCR for infectious disease diagnostics, it has presented low sensitivity for Mycobacterium leprae DNA detection in the tuberculoid pole (TT and BT) of leprosy. In order to demonstrate the effect of amplicon size on the efficacy of PCR detection of M. leprae DNA in skin lesions of leprosy patients, two pairs of primers targeting the M. leprae genomic DNA, RLEP3 (X17153), were used to amplify fragments of 372 and 130-bp until their PCR end-points were reached after 40 reaction cycles. Skin biopsies of leprosy lesions in 110 non-treated patients were used for bacilloscopy index (BI) analysis and PCR tests. The 130-bp fragment was detected in 73.6% of samples (81/110), and classified as TT (40%), BT (55.5%), and 100% of BB, BL and LL. The 372-bp fragment was detected in 52.7% and classified as TT (13.3%), BT (33.3%), BB (64.7%), BL (83.3%), and LL (95.2%). The BI of biopsies was positive in 39.1% of samples, classified as TT (0%), BT (2.2%), BB (64.7%), BL (91.6%), and LL (95.2%). The shorter amplicon (130-bp) has improved diagnosis by 20.9 and 34.5% in relation to the 372-bp fragment and the BI, respectively, and has shown a superior sensitivity (73.6%), specificity (100%) and accuracy (86.2%). The 130-bp amplicon could not detect % of positive BI of biopsies in BT cases. Therefore, for confirmatory diagnosis, we propose the use of PCR detection of the 130-bp genomic target, especially when the tuberculoid pole forms are considered, which has reached 51.6% of positivity in this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- Leprosy National Reference Center, Clinics' Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Goulart LR, Ferreira FR, Goulart IMB. Interaction of TaqI polymorphism at exon 9 of the vitamin D receptor gene with the negative lepromin response may favor the occurrence of leprosy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 48:91-8. [PMID: 16965356 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2006.00128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Controversies over the vitamin D receptor (VDR) acting as a susceptibility factor in Mycobacterium sp. infections may be the result of incorrect population stratification. The risk of leprosy occurrence conditioned by VDR polymorphism was investigated by stratifying the population of a highly endemic Brazilian region into negative and positive Mitsuda responses. Leprosy patients (102) and a group of healthy nonconsanguineous household contacts (68) were genotyped for the VDR TaqI polymorphism (T/t). TT and Tt genotypes were not considered to be risk factors as their odds ratios (OR) were not different from those presented by the negative Mitsuda response individuals. The combination of the tt genotype and the negative Mitsuda test provided an occurrence rate 13 times higher in leprosy patients than in controls with positive Mitsuda responses. This suggests that there is a higher risk of leprosy development when individuals carry this unfavorable combination, and demonstrates a possible synergistic role of these two variables in leprosy susceptibility via effects on cellular immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Patrocínio LG, Goulart IMB, Goulart LR, Patrocínio JA, Ferreira FR, Fleury RN. Detection of Mycobacterium leprae in nasal mucosa biopsies by the polymerase chain reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 44:311-6. [PMID: 15907454 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsim.2005.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2004] [Revised: 12/21/2004] [Accepted: 01/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Several discoveries about leprosy indicate that Mycobacterium leprae transmission mainly occurs by inhalation, and the nose is major port of entry and exit. The present study evaluated the clinical application of PCR for detection of M. leprae DNA in nasal mucosa biopsies in untreated leprosy patients (52) and their contacts (99) from the State Reference Center in Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. PCR detection of a 372-base pair DNA fragment from M. leprae was accomplished in 36 (69.2%) patients, from which 34 (91.9%) of them were multibacillaries. Furthermore, PCR was positive in 3 (16.7%) of 18 slit-skin smear negative, 4 (25.0%) of 16 skin lesion BI negative, 8 (33.3%) of 24 nasal mucosa BI negative patients, and 10 of 99 contacts (10.1%). The presence of bacilli in 10.1% of the contacts may potentially reflect an occult leprosy, and these patients must be accompanied, followed by a chemoprophylaxy treatment. Considering all PCR results against clinical and BI classification of patients and controls, we have found a sensitivity of 69.2%, a specificity of 89.9%, and an accuracy of 82.8%. It has been demonstrated here through PCR of nasal biopsies that the bacillus invades the mucosa, passing through the nasal inferior turbinate to reach peripheral blood. Therefore, the molecular investigation of invasive nasal biopsies by PCR tests has proven to be useful in defining patients of higher risk of transmission and risk-group contacts, which is an important step to reach the World Health Organization objective towards the elimination of leprosy as a public health problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Gomes Patrocínio
- State Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ferreira FR, Goulart LR, Silva HD, Goulart IMB. Susceptibility to leprosy may be conditioned by an interaction between the NRAMP1 promoter polymorphisms and the lepromin response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 72:457-67. [PMID: 15755200 DOI: 10.1489/1544-581x(2004)72<457:stlmbc>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Controversial results have been achieved by attempting to associate the NRAMP1 gene with Mycobacterium leprae susceptibility as well as with the Mitsuda reaction, which represents a specific immune response to M. leprae. This study evaluated this association as well as the interaction of the polymorphism (GT)(n) in the promoter region of the NRAMP1 gene with a specific immune response to M. leprae measured by the intradermal Mitsuda test in leprosy patients and in non-consanguineous household contacts. The study aimed to evaluate the association of this gene polymorphism with resistance or susceptibility to the disease, and/or with clinical forms of the disease, in a population in an endemic area served by the State Reference Center in Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Federal University of Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. Leprosy patients (90) were diagnosed according to Ridley and Jopling criteria and they grouped into multibacillary (MB) and paucibacillary (PB) patients. The control group consisted of 61 non-consanguineous contacts. NRAMP1 promoter genotypes were obtained through amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by the detection through the low ionic-strength single strand conformational polymorphism (LIS-SSCP) electrophoretic technique. There were no significant differences in the allelic and genotypic frequencies for alleles 2, 3, and 4 in relation to the Mitsuda test among patients and household contacts, nor between those with MB and PB forms. However, individuals with a negative lepromin response associated with genotypes 22 and 23 presented a 7- and 8-fold greater chance of developing leprosy, respectively. Therefore, the NRAMP1 gene promoter polymorphism exhibited an interaction with the lepromin response, suggesting that allele 2 of the NRAMP1 promoter is an independent genetic factor that predisposes cells to enable pathogen survival, probably due to its low efficiency in iron transport. However, establishment of the infection and disease development may be conditioned by other immunological and genetic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Rogério Ferreira
- State Reference Center of Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ferreira FR, Goulart LR, Silva HD, Goulart IMB. Susceptibility to leprosy may be conditioned by an interaction between the NRAMP1 promoter polymorphisms and the lepromin response. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 2005. [PMID: 15755200 DOI: 10.1489/1544-581x(2004)72<457:stlmbc>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Controversial results have been achieved by attempting to associate the NRAMP1 gene with Mycobacterium leprae susceptibility as well as with the Mitsuda reaction, which represents a specific immune response to M. leprae. This study evaluated this association as well as the interaction of the polymorphism (GT)(n) in the promoter region of the NRAMP1 gene with a specific immune response to M. leprae measured by the intradermal Mitsuda test in leprosy patients and in non-consanguineous household contacts. The study aimed to evaluate the association of this gene polymorphism with resistance or susceptibility to the disease, and/or with clinical forms of the disease, in a population in an endemic area served by the State Reference Center in Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Federal University of Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. Leprosy patients (90) were diagnosed according to Ridley and Jopling criteria and they grouped into multibacillary (MB) and paucibacillary (PB) patients. The control group consisted of 61 non-consanguineous contacts. NRAMP1 promoter genotypes were obtained through amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by the detection through the low ionic-strength single strand conformational polymorphism (LIS-SSCP) electrophoretic technique. There were no significant differences in the allelic and genotypic frequencies for alleles 2, 3, and 4 in relation to the Mitsuda test among patients and household contacts, nor between those with MB and PB forms. However, individuals with a negative lepromin response associated with genotypes 22 and 23 presented a 7- and 8-fold greater chance of developing leprosy, respectively. Therefore, the NRAMP1 gene promoter polymorphism exhibited an interaction with the lepromin response, suggesting that allele 2 of the NRAMP1 promoter is an independent genetic factor that predisposes cells to enable pathogen survival, probably due to its low efficiency in iron transport. However, establishment of the infection and disease development may be conditioned by other immunological and genetic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Rogério Ferreira
- State Reference Center of Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
The transmembrane mucin glycoprotein (MUC1) has an anti-adhesive role, and functions to maintain a non-receptive uterine state. A polymorphic variation of the MUC1 gene has been associated with female infertility due to suspected failure of embryo implantation, based on the significant greater size of the lower allele observed in infertile women. The aim of this study was to confirm this preliminary observation using long polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which has amplified the 60-bp polymorphic variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) associated to the binding domain of the MUC1 glycoprotein. DNA samples were obtained from 20 women, 10 fertile and 10 infertile, and the VNTR region was amplified through a long PCR procedure. The VNTR size range from 1.6 to 2.9 kb (22-44 motifs). The average size for the lower allele was 1.69 kb for both groups, and for the upper allele was 2.35 and 2.49 kb (P > 0.05) for fertile and infertile groups respectively. The VNTR polymorphism of the MUC1 gene was not associated with female infertility, although its significance cannot be discarded. It is suggested that other regulatory molecules and signals may interact with the MUC1 gene variations, favouring endometrial receptivity and embryo attachment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L R Goulart
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG-Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Goulart IMB, Penna GO, Cunha G. [Immunopathology of leprosy: the complexity of the mechanisms of host immune response to Mycobacterium leprae]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2002; 35:365-75. [PMID: 12170333 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822002000400014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy, whose etiologic agent Mycobacterium leprae, is an illness of ample clinical and immunopathological spectrum. Its clinical manifestations are correlated with distinct immunologic forms, varying from a vigorous immune response mediated by cells to M. leprae, with Th1 standard in the tuberculoid polar region, to an absence of specific cellular response to antigens of M. leprae in the lepromatous polar region, with predominance of Th2 response and exacerbation of humoral response. It is probable that different polymorphic genes determine susceptibility to M. leprae. Additional studies are necessary to clarify the complex interactions between cytokines and the role of the phenotypic diversity of cells network that contribute to the host defense. The comprehension of such mechanisms will provide new insights for the identification of agonists and/or antagonists for pro- or anti-inflammatory effects, and also will indicate possible situations for its appropriate use in immunologic and/or immunotherapeutic interventions.
Collapse
|