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Kaufmann B, Cazzoli D, Bartolomeo P, Frey J, Pflugshaupt T, Knobel S, Nef T, Müri R, Nyffeler T. Auditory spatial cueing reduces neglect after right-hemispheric stroke: a proof of concept study. Cortex 2022; 148:152-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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2
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Andereggen L, Frey J, Andres RH, Luedi MM, El-Koussy M, Widmer HR, Beck J, Mariani L, Seiler RW, Christ E. First-line surgery in prolactinomas: lessons from a long-term follow-up study in a tertiary referral center. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:2621-2633. [PMID: 33847973 PMCID: PMC8572196 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01569-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although consensus guidelines recommend dopamine agonists (DAs) as the first-line approach in prolactinomas, some patients may opt instead for upfront surgery, with the goal of minimizing the need for continuation of DAs over the long term. While this approach can be recommended in selected patients with a microprolactinoma, the indication for upfront surgery in macroprolactinomas remains controversial, with limited long-term data in large cohorts. We aimed at elucidating whether first-line surgery is equally safe and effective for patients with micro- or macroprolactinomas not extending beyond the median carotid line (i.e., Knosp grade ≤ 1). METHODOLOGY Retrospective study of patients with prolactinomas Knosp grade ≤ 1 treated with upfront surgery. The primary endpoint was patients' dependence on DAs at last follow-up. The secondary endpoint was postoperative complications. Independent risk factors for long-term dependence on DAs were analyzed. RESULTS A microadenoma was noted in 45 patients (52%) and a macroadenoma in 41 (48%), with 17 (20%) harboring a Knosp grade 1 prolactinoma. Median follow-up was 80 months. First-line surgery resulted in long-term remission in 31 patients (72%) with a microprolactinoma and in 18 patients (45%) with a macroprolactinoma (p = 0.02). DA therapy was ultimately required in 11 patients (24%) with microadenomas vs. 20 (49%) with macroadenomas (p = 0.03). As for the latter, DA was required in 13 patients (76%) with Knosp grade 1 macroadenomas vs. 7 patients (29%) with Knosp grade 0 macroadenomas (p = 0.004). There was no mortality, and morbidity was minimal. Knosp grade 1 prolactinomas (OR 7.3, 95% CI 1.4-37.7, p = 0.02) but not adenoma size (i.e., macroprolactinomas) were an independent predictor of long-term dependence on DAs. CONCLUSIONS First-line surgery in patients with microprolactinomas or macroprolactinomas Knosp grade 0 resulted in a good chance of non-dependency on DA therapy. However, in patients with prolactinomas Knosp grade 1, first-line surgery cannot be recommended, as adjuvant DA therapy after surgery is required in the majority of them over the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Andereggen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.
| | - J Frey
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kantonsspital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - R H Andres
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M M Luedi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M El-Koussy
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - H R Widmer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Beck
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - L Mariani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R W Seiler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - E Christ
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Acosta-Silva C, Delgado Peris A, Flix J, Frey J, Hernández J, Yzquierdo APC, Tannenbaum T. Exploitation of network-segregated CPU resources in CMS. EPJ Web Conf 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202125102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CMS is tackling the exploitation of CPU resources at HPC centers where compute nodes do not have network connectivity to the Internet. Pilot agents and payload jobs need to interact with external services from the compute nodes: access to the application software (CernVM-FS) and conditions data (Frontier), management of input and output data files (data management services), and job management (HTCondor). Finding an alternative route to these services is challenging. Seamless integration in the CMS production system without causing any operational overhead is a key goal. The case of the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), in Spain, is particularly challenging, due to its especially restrictive network setup. We describe in this paper the solutions developed within CMS to overcome these restrictions, and integrate this resource in production. Singularity containers with application software releases are built and pre-placed in the HPC facility shared file system, together with conditions data files. HTCondor has been extended to relay communications between running pilot jobs and HTCondor daemons through the HPC shared file system. This operation mode also allows piping input and output data files through the HPC file system. Results, issues encountered during the integration process, and remaining concerns are discussed.
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Vidal A, Frey J, Christmann C. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation in the treatment of refractory overactive bladder syndrome and fecal Incontinence: A prospective Study. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1717208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Vidal
- Luzerner Kantonsspital, Frauenklinik
| | - J Frey
- Luzerner Kantonsspital, Frauenklinik
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Marx-Blümel L, Marx C, Weise F, Frey J, Perner B, Schlingloff G, Lindig N, Hampl J, Sonnemann J, Brauer D, Voigt A, Singh S, Beck B, Jäger UM, Wang ZQ, Beck JF, Schober A. Biomimetic reconstruction of the hematopoietic stem cell niche for in vitro amplification of human hematopoietic stem cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234638. [PMID: 32569325 PMCID: PMC7307768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is successfully applied since the late 1950s; however, its efficacy still needs to be increased. A promising strategy is to transplant high numbers of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Therefore, an improved ex vivo culture system that supports proliferation and maintains HSC pluripotency would override possible limitations in cell numbers gained from donors. To model the natural HSC niche in vitro, we optimized the HSC medium composition with a panel of cytokines and valproic acid and used an artificial 3D bone marrow-like scaffold made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). This 3D scaffold offered a suitable platform to amplify human HSCs in vitro and, simultaneously, to support their viability, multipotency and ability for self-renewal. Silicon oxide-covering of PDMS structures further improved amplification of CD34+ cells, although the conservation of naïve HSCs was better on non-covered 3D PDMS. Finally, we found that HSC cultivated on non-covered 3D PDMS generated most pluripotent colonies within colony forming unit assays. In conclusion, by combining biological and biotechnological approaches, we optimized in vitro HSCs culture conditions, resulting in improved amplification, multipotency maintenance and vitality of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Marx-Blümel
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Children’s Clinic, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Research Center Lobeda, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - C. Marx
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - F. Weise
- Institute for Micro and Nanotechnologies MacroNano, Nano-Biosystem Technology, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - J. Frey
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Children’s Clinic, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Research Center Lobeda, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - B. Perner
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - G. Schlingloff
- Institute for Micro and Nanotechnologies MacroNano, Nano-Biosystem Technology, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - N. Lindig
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Children’s Clinic, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Research Center Lobeda, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - J. Hampl
- Institute for Micro and Nanotechnologies MacroNano, Nano-Biosystem Technology, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - J. Sonnemann
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Children’s Clinic, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Research Center Lobeda, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - D. Brauer
- Institute for Micro and Nanotechnologies MacroNano, Nano-Biosystem Technology, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - A. Voigt
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Children’s Clinic, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Research Center Lobeda, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - S. Singh
- Institute for Micro and Nanotechnologies MacroNano, Nano-Biosystem Technology, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - B. Beck
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Children’s Clinic, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Research Center Lobeda, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ute-Maria Jäger
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Children’s Clinic, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Research Center Lobeda, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Z. Q. Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - J. F. Beck
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Children’s Clinic, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - A. Schober
- Institute for Micro and Nanotechnologies MacroNano, Nano-Biosystem Technology, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, Germany
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Jutesten H, Draus J, Frey J, Neovius G, Lindmark G, Buchwald P, Lydrup ML. High risk of permanent stoma after anastomotic leakage in anterior resection for rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2019; 21:174-182. [PMID: 30411471 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study investigates how often bowel continuity was restored after anastomotic leakage in anterior resection for rectal cancer and assesses the clinical factors associated with permanent stoma. METHOD The Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry was used to identify cases of anastomotic leakage registered in southern Sweden between January 2001 and December 2011. Patient characteristics, surgical details and clinical information about the anastomotic leakages were retrieved from medical records. RESULTS Of the 1442 patients operated on with anterior resection in 11 hospitals, 144 (10%) were diagnosed with anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer. After a median follow-up of 87 months (range 21-165), the overall rate of permanent stoma among patients with anastomotic leakage was 65%. Age ≥ 70 years (P = 0.02) and re-laparotomy (P < 0.001) were independently related to permanent stoma. Compared with nondefunctioned patients with anastomotic leakage, defunctioned patients with anastomotic leakage at the index procedure less often required re-laparotomy at some point during the entire clinical course (P < 0.001), but nondefunctioned and defunctioned patients with anastomotic leakage both had permanent stoma to the same extent (67% and 62%, respectively). CONCLUSION Anastomotic leakage is highly associated with permanent stoma after anterior resection, especially in patients aged ≥ 70 years. In this cohort of patients with anastomotic leakage, 65% had permanent stoma at long-term follow-up. A defunctioning stoma ameliorates the clinical course but does not affect the end result of bowel continuity in established anastomotic leakage after anterior resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jutesten
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Institution of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J Draus
- Department of Surgery, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - J Frey
- Department of Surgery, Blekinge Hospital, Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - G Neovius
- Department of Surgery, Central Hospital, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - G Lindmark
- Institution of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - P Buchwald
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Institution of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M L Lydrup
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Institution of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Kaufmann B, Frey J, Pflugshaupt T, Wyss P, Paladini R, Vanbellingen T, Bohlhalter S, Chechlacz M, Nef T, Müri R, Cazzoli D, Nyffeler T. The spatial distribution of perseverations in neglect patients during a nonverbal fluency task depends on the integrity of the right putamen. Neuropsychologia 2018; 115:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Akdesir E, Origgi FC, Wimmershoff J, Frey J, Frey CF, Ryser-Degiorgis MP. Causes of mortality and morbidity in free-ranging mustelids in Switzerland: necropsy data from over 50 years of general health surveillance. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:195. [PMID: 29921290 PMCID: PMC6009050 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although mustelids occur worldwide and include a wide range of species, little is known about the diseases affecting them. Mustelids have regularly been submitted for post mortem investigation in the framework of the program for general wildlife health surveillance in Switzerland, which has been in place for nearly 60 years. We performed a retrospective analysis of the necropsy reports on mustelids submitted to the diagnostic service of the University of Bern. The aims of this study were to present an overview of the causes of mortality and morbidity observed in these carnivores, to assess differences among species, to assess changes in disease detection over the study period, and to describe the pathology of selected diseases. RESULTS Five hundred and sixty-six reports from 1958 to 2015 were analyzed. Most animals were stone martens (Martes foina, 46%) and badgers (Meles meles, 44%); the remaining species were polecats (Mustela putorius, 4.7%), pine martens (Martes martes, 2%), stoats (Mustela erminea, 1.4%), weasels (Mustela nivalis, 0.8%) and otters (Lutra lutra, 0.3%). Infectious diseases (n = 262) were frequent and were mostly bacterial or viral; non-infectious conditions (n = 169) were less common and were mostly traumatic or due to metabolic disorders. The most frequent diagnoses included distemper (75% were badgers), amyloidosis (96% were martens), bacterial respiratory infections (all mustelids), biting lice (badgers only) and pulmonary and gastro-intestinal helminths (all species). Less frequent diseases included histoplasmosis (badgers only), aspergillosis, toxoplasmosis, hepatozoonosis, and sarcoptic mange. Lesions due to infection with distemper virus were primarily appreciated in the respiratory tract and central nervous system; they presented species-specific characteristics such as necrosis in the ependyma in badgers and absence of syncytia in stone martens. Amyloidosis in martens was multisystemic in most cases and included both AA and AL amyloidosis; the main macroscopic change was severe splenomegaly. CONCLUSION Infectious diseases were the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality of mustelids, with marked species-specific differences. Lung and skin were the most commonly affected organs. Contagious diseases such as canine distemper, sarcoptic mange and rabies in mustelids showed a similar temporal pattern as in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), suggesting pathogen spillovers from foxes to mustelids.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Akdesir
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, Postfach, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - F C Origgi
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, Postfach, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Wimmershoff
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, Postfach, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Frey
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, Postfach, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C F Frey
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, Postfach, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M-P Ryser-Degiorgis
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, Postfach, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.
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9
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Jutesten H, Draus J, Frey J, Neovius G, Lindmark G, Buchwald P, Lydrup ML. Late leakage after anterior resection: a defunctioning stoma alters the clinical course of anastomotic leakage. Colorectal Dis 2018; 20:150-159. [PMID: 29024481 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Anastomotic leakage (AL) is common after anterior resection (AR). Long term clinical outcomes of AL including late presenting leakage (LL) are not well studied. This study was undertaken to assess clinical features of LL with respect to incidence, association with predisposing factors and need for re-intervention. METHODS The Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry (SCRCR) was explored for AL cases after AR for rectal cancer in patients operated in the south of Sweden from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2011. Demographic data, surgical technical details, number of postoperative days (POD) until diagnosis of AL, presenting symptoms, methods of diagnosis and treatment were retrieved from medical records. LL was defined according to different cut-offs as leakages occurring after hospital discharge (LLAHD), after 30 POD (LL ≥ POD 30) and after 90 POD (LL ≥ POD 90). RESULTS In total, 1442 patients were operated on with AR of whom 144 cases of AL (10%) were identified. Median time from operation to follow-up was 87 months (range 21-162). LLAHD, LL ≥ POD 30 and LL ≥ POD 90 were present in 51%, 24% and 9% respectively. All categories of LL were associated with a defunctioning stoma. Relaparotomy was significantly less often employed in LLAHD, but not in other categories of LL. CONCLUSION LL constitutes a substantial portion of all AL after AR for rectal cancer. The large proportion of LLAHD calls for awareness in the outpatient setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jutesten
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Institution of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Draus
- Department of Surgery, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - J Frey
- Department of Surgery, Blekinge Hospital, Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - G Neovius
- Department of Surgery, Central Hospital, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - G Lindmark
- Institution of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - P Buchwald
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Institution of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M L Lydrup
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Institution of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Nicholson P, Fathi MA, Fischer A, Mohan C, Schieck E, Mishra N, Heinimann A, Frey J, Wieland B, Jores J. Detection of Tilapia Lake Virus in Egyptian fish farms experiencing high mortalities in 2015. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:1925-1928. [PMID: 28590067 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Nicholson
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M A Fathi
- WorldFish, Abbassa Research Center, Sharkia, Egypt
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A Fischer
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - C Mohan
- WorldFish, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - E Schieck
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - N Mishra
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Heinimann
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Frey
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B Wieland
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - J Jores
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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11
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Ruppé E, Cherkaoui A, Wagner N, La Scala GC, Beaulieu JY, Girard M, Frey J, Lazarevic V, Schrenzel J. In vivo selection of a multidrug-resistant Aeromonas salmonicida during medicinal leech therapy. New Microbes New Infect 2017; 21:23-27. [PMID: 29204282 PMCID: PMC5709350 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the selection in a 15-year-old boy of a multidrug-resistant, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Aeromonas salmonicida after medicinal leech therapy that required an antibiotic prophylaxis based on piperacillin/tazobactam and cotrimoxazole. Whole genome sequencing of the strain indeed revealed 13 antibiotic resistance genes, including the ESBL CTX-M-3 and the unusual β-lactamase SCO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ruppé
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Switzerland
| | - A Cherkaoui
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Switzerland
| | - N Wagner
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Switzerland
| | - G C La Scala
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, Switzerland
| | - J-Y Beaulieu
- Hand Surgery Unit, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Girard
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Switzerland
| | - J Frey
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - V Lazarevic
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Switzerland
| | - J Schrenzel
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Switzerland.,Bacteriology Laboratory, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Switzerland
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Holbach M, Gobeli S, Frey J, Gurtner C, Nathues H. . SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2017; 159:545-547. [DOI: 10.17236/sat00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Origgi FC, Benedicenti O, Segner H, Sattler U, Wahli T, Frey J. Aeromonas salmonicida type III secretion system-effectors-mediated immune suppression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2017; 60:334-345. [PMID: 27923746 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the etiologic agent of furunculosis, is a major pathogen in aquaculture. Together with other pathogens, it is characterized by the presence of a type 3 secretion system (T3SS). The T3SS is the main virulence mechanism of A. salmonicida. It is used by the bacterium to secrete and translocate several toxins and effector proteins into the host cell. Some of these factors have a detrimental impact on the integrity of the cell cytoskeleton, likely contributing to impair phagocytosis. Furthermore, it has been suggested that effectors of the T3SS are able to modulate the host's immune response. Here we present the first partial characterization of the immune response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with distinct strains of A. salmonicida either carrying (i) a fully functional T3SS or (ii) a functionally impaired T3SS or (iii) devoid of T3SS ("cured" strain). Infection with an A. salmonicida strain either carrying a fully functional or a secretion-impaired T3SS was associated with a strong and persistent immune suppression. However, the infection appeared to be fatal only in the presence of a fully functional T3SS. In contrast, the absence of T3SS was neither associated with immune suppression nor fish death. These findings suggest that the T3SS and T3SS-delivered effector molecules and toxins of A. salmonicida do not only impair the host cells' cytoskeleton thus damaging cell physiology and phagocytosis, but also heavily affect the transcription of critical immune mediators including the shut-down of important warning signals to recognize infection and induce immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Origgi
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern-CH, Switzerland; Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), University of Bern, Bern-CH, Switzerland.
| | - O Benedicenti
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - H Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), University of Bern, Bern-CH, Switzerland
| | - U Sattler
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), University of Bern, Bern-CH, Switzerland
| | - T Wahli
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), University of Bern, Bern-CH, Switzerland
| | - J Frey
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern-CH, Switzerland
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Abstract
A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the leptospiral seroprevalence in clinically healthy horses in Switzerland. A representative sample of 615 horse sera was examined by microscopic agglutination test for the presence of antibodies against 15 Leptospira spp. serovars. In total, 58.5 % (n = 360) of the horses were positive for one or more of the antigens analysed, with 20.3 % of them showing titres >= 400. The most prevalent serovar was Pyrogenes (22.6 %), followed by serovars Canicola (22.1 %) and Australis (19.2 %). Older horses, mares, ponies and animals spending increased time on pasture exhibited significantly higher prevalence rates (p < 0.05). Moreover, the prevalence was higher in summer and autumn (p = 0.003). The high seroprevalence in healthy horses indicates that they are often exposed to or infected with Leptospira spp. without developing signs of disease. Therefore, other laboratory and clinical data should always be taken into consideration when interpreting serological test results for Leptospira spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Blatti
- Centre for Zoonoses, Bacterial Animal Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance (ZOBA), Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Switzerland
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15
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Walland J, Lauper J, Frey J, Imhof R, Stephan R, Seuberlich T, Oevermann A. Listeria monocytogenes infection in ruminants: Is there a link to the environment, food and human health? A review. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2016; 157:319-28. [PMID: 26753347 DOI: 10.17236/sat00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is widely distributed in the environment, but also has the ability to cause serious invasive disease in ruminants and humans. This review provides an overview of listeriosis in ruminants and discusses our insufficient understanding of reservoirs and possible cycling ofL. monocytogenes between animal and human hosts, food and the environment. It indicates gaps in our knowledge of the role of genetic subtypes in L. monocytogenes ecology and virulence as well as risk factors, in vivo diagnostics and pathogenesis of listeriosis in ruminants. Filling these gaps will contribute to improving the control of L. monocytogenes and enhancing disease prevention. As the prevalence of listeriosis in ruminants in Switzerland is likely to be underestimated, propositions concerning improvement options for surveillance of listeriosis in ruminants are provided.
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Löbert S, Zimmermann W, Bürki S, Frey J, Nathues H, Scheer P, Doherr MG, Stalder U, Zeeh F. Occurrence of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in multiplier pig herds in Switzerland. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2016; 44:13-8. [PMID: 26757784 DOI: 10.15653/tpg-150674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research was aimed to determine the occurrence of Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae in Swiss multiplier pig herds. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a pilot study a direct real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for B. hyodysenteriae was compared to culture followed by PCR on 106 samples from three herds. Subsequently 40 multiplier herds were epidemiologically characterized and analysed for the presence of B. hyodysenteriae using direct PCR on 1412 rectal swabs. For external validation 20 swabs obtained from two positive conventional herds were analysed. RESULTS The comparison of direct PCR with culture followed by PCR resulted in a moderate agreement (kappa index: 0.58). In the two conventional herds, 35% of the samples (7/20) tested positive. Samples from 39 multipliers tested negative. In one multiplier herd, 25% (9/36) of the samples tested PCR positive. Risk factors in the multiplier herd may have been rodents or birds, but not pig purchase. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE B. hyodysenteriae have been detected in a Swiss multiplier herd, which underlines the threat of potential spread by replacement pigs. Consequently, a Brachyspira monitoring programme was established for Swiss multiplier herds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - F Zeeh
- Dr. Friederike Zeeh, Clinic for Swine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3001 Bern, Switzerland,
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Frey J, Holm M, Janson M, Egenvall M, van der Linden J. Relation of intraoperative temperature to postoperative mortality in open colon surgery--an analysis of two randomized controlled trials. Int J Colorectal Dis 2016; 31:519-24. [PMID: 26694927 PMCID: PMC4773499 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-015-2467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The open surgical wound is exposed to cold and dry ambient air resulting in heat loss mainly through radiation and convection. This cools the wound and promotes local vasoconstriction and hypoxia. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor are greenhouse gases with a warming effect. The aim was to evaluate if warm humidified CO2 insufflated in surgical wound can affect long-term overall mortality METHODS This is a retrospective study of two clinical trials, where patients were randomized to warm humidified CO2 (n = 80) or not (n = 78). All patients underwent elective major open colon surgery. Patients in the treatment group received insufflation of warm humidified CO2 into the open wound cavity via a gas diffuser to create a local atmosphere of 100% CO2. Temperature in the wound cavity was measured with a heat-sensitive infrared camera. Core temperature was measured at the tympanic membrane. Median follow-up was 70.9 months. RESULTS A multivariate analysis adjusted for age (p = 0.001) and cancer (p = 0.165) showed that the larger the temperature difference between final core temperature and wound edge temperature, the lower the overall survival rate (p = 0.050). Patients receiving insufflation of warm humidified CO2 had a tendency to a better overall survival compared with control patients (p = 0.508). End-of-operation wound edge temperature was negatively associated with mortality (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.68-0.95, p = 0.011), whereas mortality was positively associated with age (10-year increase, OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.37-2.33, p < 0.001) and cancer (OR = 8.1, 95% CI = 1.95-33.7, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS A small end-of-operation temperature difference between final core and wound edge temperature was positively associated with patient survival in open colon surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Frey
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - M Holm
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Janson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Interventions and Technology; Division of Surgery, Karolinska Institute; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Egenvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Interventions and Technology; Division of Surgery, Karolinska Institute; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J van der Linden
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wimmershoff J, Ryser-Degiorgis M, Marreros N, Frey J, Romanens P, Gendron K, Origgi FC. Outbreak of severe foot rot associated with benign Dichelobacter nodosus in an Alpine ibex colony in the Swiss Prealps. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2015; 157:277-84. [DOI: 10.17236/sat00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Dreyer M, Thomann A, Böttcher S, Frey J, Oevermann A. Outbreak investigation identifies a single Listeria monocytogenes strain in sheep with different clinical manifestations, soil and water. Vet Microbiol 2015; 179:69-75. [PMID: 25726302 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Listeria (L.) monocytogenes causes orally acquired infections and is of major importance in ruminants. Little is known about L. monocytogenes transmission between farm environment and ruminants. In order to determine potential sources of infection, we investigated the distribution of L. monocytogenes genetic subtypes in a sheep farm during a listeriosis outbreak by applying four subtyping methods (MALDI-TOF-MS, MLST, MLVA and PFGE). L. monocytogenes was isolated from a lamb with septicemia and from the brainstem of three sheep with encephalitis. Samples from the farm environment were screened for the presence of L. monocytogenes during the listeriosis outbreak, four weeks and eight months after. L. monocytogenes was found only in soil and water tank swabs during the outbreak. Four weeks later, following thorough cleaning of the barn, as well as eight months later, L. monocytogenes was absent in environmental samples. All environmental and clinical L. monocytogenes isolates were found to be the same strain. Our results show that the outbreak involving two different clinical syndromes was caused by a single L. monocytogenes strain and that soil and water tanks were potential infection sources during this outbreak. However, silage cannot be completely ruled out as the bales fed prior to the outbreak were not available for analysis. Faeces samples were negative, suggesting that sheep did not act as amplification hosts contributing to environmental contamination. In conclusion, farm management appears to be a crucial factor for the limitation of a listeriosis outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dreyer
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3001, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - A Thomann
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3001, Switzerland
| | - S Böttcher
- Labor-Zentral, Geuensee, CH-6232, Switzerland
| | - J Frey
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3001, Switzerland
| | - A Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3001, Switzerland.
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Origgi FC, Frey J, Pilo P. Characterisation of a new group of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica in Switzerland with altered antimicrobial susceptibilities, 1996 to 2013. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19. [PMID: 25080140 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.29.20858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Molecular analysis of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica isolates from humans and animals revealed the presence of two subgroups belonging to the phylogenetic groups B.FTNF002-00 and B.13 in Switzerland. This finding suggests a broader spread of this group in Europe than previously reported. Until recently, only strains belonging to the Western European cluster (group B.FTNF002-00) had been isolated from tularaemia cases in Switzerland. The endemic strains belonging to group B.FTNF002-00 are sensitive to erythromycin, in contrast to the strains of the newly detected group B.13 that are resistant to this antibiotic. All the strains tested were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid and chloramphenicol but showed reduced susceptibility to tetracycline when tested in a growth medium supplemented with divalent cations. The data show a previously undetected spread of group B.13 westwards in Europe, associated with changes in the antibiotic resistance profile relevant to treatment of tularaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Origgi
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Serrao E, Wadhwa K, Frey J, Lombardo R, Cantiani A, Koo B, Gallagher F, Kastner C. 1060 True false negative MRI scans in prostate cancer screening: Experience from a tertiary referral unit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9056(14)61042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Frey J, Mindekem R, Kessely H, Doumagoum Moto D, Naïssengar S, Zinsstag J, Schelling E. Survey of animal bite injuries and their management for an estimate of human rabies deaths in N'Djaména, Chad. Trop Med Int Health 2013; 18:1555-62. [PMID: 24118491 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the annual human rabies incidence as a baseline prior to mass dog vaccination campaigns in N'Djaména, Chad. METHODS Survey of animal bites, involving 50% of all healthcare providers in N'Djaména, from September 2008 to April 2009. Of 86 people exposed to a suspected rabid animal, 50% received post-exposure vaccination and a further 8% had their wound cleaned. We estimated annual incidence of bites from suspected rabid animals of 12.9/100,000 and an incidence of 0.7 human rabies deaths/100,000, resulting in 7 estimated deaths (95% confidence interval 4-10 deaths) per year in N'Djaména. 14% of bite victims sought help from veterinarians. CONCLUSIONS Closer cooperation between physicians and veterinarians warrants more effective rabies control. The high proportion (42%) of potentially exposed people without post-exposure vaccination or wound treatment necessitates urgent attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Frey
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
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Wettstein K, Frey J. Vergleich der antimikrobiellen Resistenz von ausgewählten Infektionserregern des Respirationstraktes bei verschiedenen Tierarten. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2012; 146:417-22. [PMID: 15481587 DOI: 10.1024/0036-7281.146.9.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The antibiotic resistance pattern of respiratory tract pathogens isolated of different animal species suffering from respiratory tract diseases has been investigated by antibiograms performed by agar diffusion test. The results show that the resistance situation in Switzerland is favourable compared with studies from other countries. However, high resistance rates were found in certain species: 61% of Streptococcus spp. were resistant to erythromycin and 44% to tetracycline, 59% of Bordetella bronchiseptica were resistant to ampicillin and 50% of Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica were multiresistant to tetracycline, ampicillin and streptomycine. The gram negative isolates were widely resistant to streptomycine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wettstein
- Institut für Veterinär-Bakteriologie der Universität Bern
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Abstract
In Switzerland, the incidence of equine botulism and acute pasture myodystrophy have remarkably increased in the last five years. Equine fodder-borne botulism in Europe is most likely caused by Clostridium botulinum types C and D that produce the toxins BoNT/C and BoNT/D. Horses showing signs suggestive of botulism (muscle weakness and tremors, reduced tongue tone, slow chewing, salivation and difficulties swallowing, drooping eyelids, mydriasis), especially patients that have fed on suspect fodder (mostly haylage), must be treated with anti-serum as soon as possible. They also need intensive care, which is often difficult to provide and always expensive in the face of a guarded to poor prognosis. Therefore, prevention (high standards of forage quality and vaccination) is all the more important. Pasture myodystrophy is an acute disease with signs of rhabdomyolysis and lethality rate over 90%. It affects grazing horses under frosty, windy and rainy conditions. Preliminary results indicate that Clostridium sordellii and Clostridium bifermentans producing lethal toxin may play a role in pasture myodystrophy. Our efforts concentrate on developing a new subunit vaccine for equine botulism and understanding the ethiology and pathogenesis of pasture myodystrophy with the goal of improving prevention against these highly fatal diseases that present a significant risk to our horse population.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gerber
- Equine Clinic, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty University of Berne, Switzerland.
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Motha MXJ, Frey J, Hansen MF, Jamaludin R, Tham KM. Detection of Mycoplasma conjunctivae in sheep affected with conjunctivitis and infectious keratoconjunctivitis. N Z Vet J 2012; 51:186-90. [PMID: 16032322 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2003.36362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the aetiology of a recurring and severe form of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) in sheep. METHODS Five sheep flocks that had experienced a severe form of IKC were examined. Clinical history, conjunctival swabs and blood samples were collected from affected animals. Culture for bacteria, and also specifically for Mycoplasma and Chlamydophila spp, and detection of Mycoplasma conjunctivae DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were attempted. Serum samples were tested for antibodies to M. agalactiae, M. capricolum, M. conjunctivae and Chlamydophila spp. RESULTS Mycoplasma conjunctivae DNA was detected using PCR in 3/5 flocks, and in all flocks antibodies to M. conjunctivae were detected in sera. A pure growth of Branhamella ovis was cultured from conjunctival swabs from a small proportion of sheep in two flocks. No other pathogens were detected. CONCLUSIONS This investigation demonstrated that M. conjunctivae was a primary pathogen causing severe IKC in sheep, and is the first report of detection of this organism in sheep in New Zealand. Introduction of clinically normal carrier sheep appeared to have caused the outbreaks. KEYWORDS Infectious keratoconjunctivitis, Mycoplasma conjunctivae, Chlamydophila pecorum, Branhamella ovis, polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, complement fixation test.
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Affiliation(s)
- M X J Motha
- National Centre for Disease Investigation, PO Box 40-742, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
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Frey J, Tavassoli A, Ringach D. Relative contributions of stimulus motion and VOR to eye movement during gaze pursuit. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Burr SE, Goldschmidt-Clermont E, Kuhnert P, Frey J. Heterogeneity of Aeromonas populations in wild and farmed perch, Perca fluviatilis L. J Fish Dis 2012; 35:607-613. [PMID: 22620858 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01388.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S E Burr
- Institute for Veterinary Bacteriology, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Traoré SG, Bonfoh B, Krabi R, Odermatt P, Utzinger J, Rose KN, Tanner M, Frey J, Quilici ML, Koussémon M. Risk of Vibrio transmission linked to the consumption of crustaceans in coastal towns of Côte d'Ivoire. J Food Prot 2012; 75:1004-11. [PMID: 22691466 PMCID: PMC4825881 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of Vibrio spp. transmission from crustaceans to humans in two coastal towns of Côte d'Ivoire. Bacteriologic analysis was performed on 322 crustacean samples obtained from six markets in Abidjan and one in Dabou. Suspected Vibrio colonies were identified by morphological, cultural, biochemical, and molecular tests and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. PCR assays were used to further characterize Vibrio strains. A survey on consumption of crustaceans was conducted among 120 randomly selected households in Abidjan. Overall, Vibrio spp. were isolated from 7.8% of the crustacean samples studied, at levels as high as 6.3 log CFU/g. Of the Vibrio strains identified, 40% were V. alginolyticus, 36% were V. parahaemolyticus, and 24% were nontoxigenic V. cholerae; the latter two species can cause mild to severe forms of seafood-associated gastroenteritis. Among interviewed households, 11.7% reported daily consumption of crustaceans, confirming the high probability of exposure of human population to Vibrio spp., and 7.5% reported symptoms of food poisoning after consumption of crustaceans. The absence of genes encoding major virulence factors in the studied strains, i.e., cholera toxin (ctxA and ctxB) in V. cholerae and thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin (trh) in V. parahaemolyticus, does not exclude the possibility of exposure to pathogenic strains. However, human infections are not common because most households (96.7%) boil crustaceans, usually for at least 45 min (85.9% of households) before consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Traoré
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie des Aliments, UFR des Sciences et Technologies des Aliments, Université d'Abobo-Adjamé, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
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Aluja M, Guillén L, Rull J, Höhn H, Frey J, Graf B, Samietz J. Is the alpine divide becoming more permeable to biological invasions? - Insights on the invasion and establishment of the Walnut Husk Fly, Rhagoletis completa (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Switzerland. Bull Entomol Res 2011; 101:451-465. [PMID: 21320363 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485311000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Walnut Husk Fly, Rhagoletis completa Cresson (Diptera: Tephritidae), is native to North America (Midwestern US and north-eastern Mexico) and has invaded several European countries in the past decades by likely crossing the alpine divide separating most parts of Switzerland from Italy. Here, we determined its current distribution in Switzerland by sampling walnuts (Juglans regia L.) in ecologically and climatically distinct regions along potential invasion corridors. R. completa was found to be firmly established in most low altitude areas of Switzerland where walnuts thrive, but notably not a single parasitoid was recovered from any of the samples. Infested fruit was recovered in 42 of the 71 localities that were surveyed, with mean fruit infestation rate varying greatly among sites. The incidence of R. completa in Switzerland is closely related to meteorological mean spring temperature patterns influencing growing season length, but not to winter temperatures, reflecting survival potential during hibernation. Importantly, areas in which the fly is absent correspond with localities where the mean spring temperatures fall below 7°C. Historical data records show that the natural cold barrier around the Alpine divide in the central Swiss Alps corresponding to such minimal temperatures has shrunk significantly from a width of more than 40 km before 1990 to around 20 km after 2000. We hypothesize on possible invasion/expansion routes along alpine valleys, dwell on distribution patterns in relation to climate, and outline future research needs as the incursion of R. completa into Switzerland; and, more recently, other European countries, such as Germany, Austria, France and Slovenia, represent an example of alien species that settle first in the Mediterranean Basin and from there become invasive by crossing the Alps.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aluja
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
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Holzwarth N, Pospischil A, Marreros N, Ryser-Degiorgis MP, Frey J, Borel N, Mavrot F. Chlamydial Prevalence in Alpine Ibex (Capra Ibex) from Switzerland. J Comp Pathol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.09.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bonants P, Groenewald E, Rasplus JY, Maes M, de Vos P, Frey J, Boonham N, Nicolaisen M, Bertacini A, Robert V, Barker I, Kox L, Ravnikar M, Tomankova K, Caffier D, Li M, Armstrong K, Freitas-Astúa J, Stefani E, Cubero J, Mostert L. QBOL: a new EU project focusing on DNA barcoding of Quarantine organisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2338.2009.02350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Goldschmidt-Clermont E, Hochwartner O, Demarta A, Caminada AP, Frey J. Outbreaks of an ulcerative and haemorrhagic disease in Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus caused by Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. smithia. Dis Aquat Organ 2009; 86:81-86. [PMID: 19899353 DOI: 10.3354/dao02110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus farmed in different places in Austria and free of the viral diseases viral haemorrhagic septcaemia (VHS), infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN) and infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) experienced disease and mortality. Diseased fish showed skin ulceration and pathological signs of sepsis. Aeromonas sp. was isolated as pure culture from the kidney of freshly euthanized diseased fish. Three independent isolates from outbreaks that occurred on 2 of the affected farms were analyzed phylogenetically by DNA sequence analysis of the rrs and gyrB genes and phenotypically with biochemical reactions. All 3 isolates were identified as Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. smithia. Analysis of virulence genes in these isolates revealed the presence of a Type III secretion system as well as several related virulence effector genes including aexT, encoding the Aeromonas exotoxin AexT, aopP and aopH. These genes are characteristic for virulent strains of typical and atypical subspecies of A. salmonicida.
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Manso-Silván L, Vilei EM, Sachse K, Djordjevic SP, Thiaucourt F, Frey J. Mycoplasma leachii sp. nov. as a new species designation for Mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7 of Leach, and reclassification of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides LC as a serovar of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 59:1353-8. [PMID: 19502315 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.005546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mycoplasma mycoides cluster consists of six pathogenic mycoplasmas causing disease in ruminants, which share many genotypic and phenotypic traits. The M. mycoides cluster comprises five recognized taxa: Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Small Colony (MmmSC), M. mycoides subsp. mycoides Large Colony (MmmLC), M. mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc), Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum (Mcc) and M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp). The group of strains known as Mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7 of Leach (MBG7) has remained unassigned, due to conflicting data obtained by different classification methods. In the present paper, all available data, including recent phylogenetic analyses, have been reviewed, resulting in a proposal for an emended taxonomy of this cluster: (i) the MBG7 strains, although related phylogenetically to M. capricolum, hold sufficient characteristic traits to be assigned as a separate species, i.e. Mycoplasma leachii sp. nov. (type strain, PG50(T) = N29(T) = NCTC 10133(T) = DSM 21131(T)); (ii) MmmLC and Mmc, which can only be distinguished by serological methods and are related more distantly to MmmSC, should be combined into a single subspecies, i.e. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri, leaving M. mycoides subsp. mycoides (MmmSC) as the exclusive designation for the agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. A taxonomic description of M. leachii sp. nov. and emended descriptions of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides and M. mycoides subsp. capri are presented. As a result of these emendments, the M. mycoides cluster will hereafter be composed of five taxa comprising three subclusters, which correspond to the M. mycoides subspecies, the M. capricolum subspecies and the novel species M. leachii.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Manso-Silván
- CIRAD, UMR 15 Control of Exotic and Emerging Animal Diseases, TA A-15/G, Campus International Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Gobeli S, Goldschmidt-Clermont E, Frey J, Burr SE. Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain JF3835 reduces mortality of juvenile perch, Perca fluviatilis L., caused by Aeromonas sobria. J Fish Dis 2009; 32:597-602. [PMID: 19476558 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01021.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Motile aeromonad septicaemia caused by Aeromonas sobria is a cause of disease in farmed perch, Perca fluviatilis L., in Switzerland. We have evaluated the potential of a Pseudomonas chlororaphis isolate, obtained from perch intestine, to control A. sobria infection. Inoculation of juvenile perch with P. chlororaphis strain JF3835 prior to infection with A. sobria caused a reduction in A. sobria associated mortalities. Infection of perch with xylE-labelled P. chlororaphis indicated the bacterium is able to transiently colonize juvenile fish and fingerlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gobeli
- Institute of Veterinary-Bacteriology, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Tamborrini M, Oberli M, Werz D, Schürch N, Frey J, Seeberger P, Pluschke G. Immuno-detection of anthrose containing tetrasaccharide in the exosporium ofBacillus anthracisandBacillus cereusstrains. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 106:1618-28. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04129.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Smole I, Thomann A, Frey J, Perreten V. Repression of common bull sperm flora and in vitro impairment of sperm motility with Pseudomonas aeruginosa introduced by contaminated lubricant. Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 45:737-42. [PMID: 19144031 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Semen collected from clinically healthy bulls at an artificial insemination centre was examined for bacterial diversity. While bacteria that are normally present in the common flora of bovine semen were absent, such as Mycoplasma sp., Proteus sp. and Corynebacterium sp., all semen samples contained an unusually high number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Analysis via pulsed field gel electrophoresis demonstrated that one particular P. aeruginosa strain, present in a sealed bottle of lubricant, was widespread in bull semen. This strain was shown to secrete substances that inhibited both the growth of bacteria constituting the normal bull sperm flora and the motility of spermatozoa in vitro. This study demonstrated that commercially available lubricants might contain bacteria that can spread amongst breeding bulls and affect the quality of semen. Bacteriological controls and species' identification are necessary at several production levels, including lubricants and extenders, to ensure high semen quality and avoid the spread of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Smole
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
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39
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Zhou L, Jones SCP, Angen Ø, Bossé JT, Nash JHE, Frey J, Zhou R, Chen HC, Kroll JS, Rycroft AN, Langford PR. PCR specific for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 3. Vet Rec 2008; 162:648-52. [PMID: 18487584 DOI: 10.1136/vr.162.20.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Serotypes 3 and 8 of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the aetiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, have been reported to predominate in the UK. Direct serotyping of isolates of the organism is typically determined by the immunological reactivity of rabbit serum to its surface polysaccharides, but the method has limitations, for example, cross-reactions between serotypes 3, 6 and 8. This study describes the development of a serotype 3-specific pcr, based on the capsule locus, which can be used in a multiplex format with the organism's specific gene apxIV. The pcr test was evaluated on 266 strains of A pleuropneumoniae and 121 strains of other organisms, including all the major respiratory bacterial pathogens of pigs. The test was highly specific and sensitive and should be useful for differentiating strains of serotypes 3, 6 and 8, and in seroprevalence and epidemiological surveys in regions where serotype 3 is prevalent, such as the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhou
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London w2 1pg
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40
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Compton F, Hoffmann F, Hortig T, Strauß M, Frey J, Zidek W, Schäfer JH. Pressure ulcer predictors in ICU patients: nursing skin assessment versus objective parameters. J Wound Care 2008; 17:417-20, 422-4. [DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2008.17.10.31304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Compton
- Department of Nephrology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F. Hoffmann
- Department of Nephrology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - T. Hortig
- Department of Nephrology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany; Alice-Salomon-Fachhochschule, Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Strauß
- Department of Nephrology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany; Alice-Salomon-Fachhochschule, Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Frey
- Department of Nephrology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - W. Zidek
- Department of Nephrology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J-H. Schäfer
- Department of Nephrology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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Hinić V, Brodard I, Thomann A, Cvetnić Z, Makaya PV, Frey J, Abril C. Novel identification and differentiation of Brucella melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis, B. ovis, B. canis, and B. neotomae suitable for both conventional and real-time PCR systems. J Microbiol Methods 2008; 75:375-8. [PMID: 18675856 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe the development of a novel PCR assay for the rapid detection of members of the Brucella genus, and the differentiation between six recognized Brucella species. The assay has proven to be highly specific with the additional advantage of being suitable for use with both conventional and real-time PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hinić
- National Centre for Zoonoses, Bacterial Animal Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance (ZOBA), Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Vetsuisse Faculty, Länggass-Strasse 122, P. O. Box, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
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Goldschmidt-Clermont E, Wahli T, Frey J, Burr SE. Identification of bacteria from the normal flora of perch, Perca fluviatilis L., and evaluation of their inhibitory potential towards Aeromonas species. J Fish Dis 2008; 31:353-359. [PMID: 18355180 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00912.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic Aeromonas sobria has been identified as a causative agent of ulcerative disease in farmed European perch, Perca fluviatilis L. To study the effect of the normal intestinal bacterial flora of perch against A. sobria, we sampled 193 bacterial isolates from the perch digestive tract. The isolates were identified by sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and their inhibitory potential against A. sobria was evaluated in vitro. Nineteen of the strains isolated showed inhibition and were also tested against other aeromonad and non-aeromonad fish pathogens including Yersinia ruckeri and Vibrio anguillarum. Isolates showing inhibition were primarily Pseudomonas spp.; however, inhibitory Shewanella spp., and Delftia sp. were also identified. A Pseudomonas chlororaphis isolate showed inhibition against all fish pathogens tested.
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Nussbaumer I, Miserez R, Hüssy D, Doherr MG, Frey J, Zimmermann W. [The seroprevalence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in Swiss pig breeding herds--a study with the ApxIV ELISA]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2008; 150:103-9. [PMID: 18429500 DOI: 10.1024/0036-7281.150.3.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
At the end of the national eradication program for Enzootic Pneumonia (EP) and Porcine Actinobacillosis (APP) in Switzerland (2003), A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 is considered to have been eradicated. There is no current information about the distribution of the other serotypes available. The ApxIV ELISA detects antibodies against all serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae, without cross-reaction with other bacterial species. The aim of this study was to achieve actual data concerning the seroprevalence of A. pleuropneumoniae in breeding-herds and to validate the ApxIV ELISA under field conditions, especially for the diagnosis of latently infected breeding-herds without clinical signs, and to achieve more information about the role of herd book farms for the spread of the infectious agent. A total of 2068 serum samples from 96 pig herds in Switzerland were examinated. Over half of the examinated herd book farms showed positive results in this ELISA. 93% of the breeding herds were positive. On single animal level sensitivity was 96% and specifity 100%. Herd sensitivity ranged between 67% and 99%. Herd specifity was 100%. The results show that the ApxIV ELISA is a valuable tool for the detection of latently infected herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nussbaumer
- Dept für klinische Veterinärmedizin, Schweineklinik, Vetsuisse-Fakultät der Universität Bern.
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Fournier C, Kuhnert P, Frey J, Miserez R, Kirchhofer M, Kaufmann T, Steiner A, Graber HU. Bovine Staphylococcus aureus: association of virulence genes, genotypes and clinical outcome. Res Vet Sci 2008; 85:439-48. [PMID: 18358507 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Based on our clinical experience on bovine mastitis, we hypothesized that subtypes of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) exist which differ in their contagious and pathogenic properties. In order to investigate this hypothesis, we analyzed strains of S. aureus isolated from spontaneous intramammary infection (IMI) with their virulence gene patterns and genotypes obtained by PCR amplification of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer (RS-PCR). The genotypes were then associated with epidemiological and clinical data including 26 herds. The results demonstrated a high association between genotypes and virulence gene patterns as well as between epidemiological and pathogenic properties of S. aureus. In particular, genotype B was related to high contagiosity and increased pathogenicity whereas the other types (C, OG) were found with infection of single cows. Because of the high clinical relevance, our results indicate the need to subtype the IMI-associated strains of S. aureus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fournier
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Berne, 3001 Berne, Switzerland
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45
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Ziethlow V, Favre D, Viret JF, Frey J, Stoffel M. Assessment by electron-microscopy of recombinant Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella vaccine strains expressing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-specific surface antigens. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14:282-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01908.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Albini S, Brodard I, Jaussi A, Wollschlaeger N, Frey J, Miserez R, Abril C. Real-time multiplex PCR assays for reliable detection of Clostridium perfringens toxin genes in animal isolates. Vet Microbiol 2008; 127:179-85. [PMID: 17855025 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Revised: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Typing of Clostridium perfringens strains by PCR-based determination of toxin genes proved to be a reliable method for diagnosis of enterotoxaemia in various animal species. We report the establishment and validation of three real-time fluorogenic (TaqMan) multiplex PCRs for the detection of C. perfringens alpha-, beta-, beta2-, epsilon-, entero- and iota-toxin genes. The composition of the PCRs was chosen with regard to robustness of the assays and in order to increase sensitivity compared to the conventional simplex PCRs. The combination of probe dyes selected for the real-time assays (FAM/TAMRA, Cy-5/BHQ-2 and VIC/TAMRA) as well as the designation of the chromosome-borne alpha-toxin as internal positive control allowed the creation of highly specific and sensitive, as well as time and cost effective PCRs. One hundred and three strains of C. perfringens isolated in Switzerland derived from clinical or suspected cases of enterotoxaemia in 10 different animal species were tested. The toxin genotypes were in agreement in both the conventional PCRs and the newly designed multiplex PCRs. Furthermore, the real-time PCR carried out as simplex allows to quantitate the copy numbers of plasmid-borne toxin genes in relation to the chromosomally located alpha-toxin gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Albini
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, Bern, Switzerland
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47
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Zhou L, Jones SCP, Angen Ø, Bossé JT, Nash JHE, Frey J, Zhou R, Chen HC, Kroll JS, Rycroft AN, Langford PR. Multiplex PCR that can distinguish between immunologically cross- reactive serovar 3, 6, and 8 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:800-3. [PMID: 18094137 PMCID: PMC2238117 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01787-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a highly sensitive and specific multiplex PCR, based on capsular loci and the species specific apxIV gene, that unequivocally differentiates serovar 3, 6, and 8 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains that are cross-reactive in conventional immunological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhou
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Burr
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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50
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Abril C, Vilei EM, Brodard I, Burnens A, Frey J, Miserez R. Discovery of insertion element ISCfe1: a new tool for Campylobacter fetus subspecies differentiation. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13:993-1000. [PMID: 17697006 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01787.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The species Campylobacter fetus is divided into the subspecies C. fetus subsp. venerealis (CFV) and C. fetus subsp. fetus (CFF). CFV is the causative agent of bovine genital campylobacteriosis, a highly contagious venereal disease that may lead to serious reproductive problems, including sterility and abortion. In contrast, CFF can be isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a wide range of host species, is associated with abortion in sheep and cattle, and can also be isolated from local and systemic infections in humans. Despite differences in host and niche preferences, microbiological differentiation of the two subspecies of C. fetus is extremely difficult. This study describes the identification of a new insertion element, ISCfe1, which is present exclusively in CFV strains, with highly conserved specific ISCfe1 insertion sites. The results are useful for identification and differentiation of the two C. fetus subspecies and will help in understanding the evolution and pathogenesis of C. fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Abril
- National Centre for Zoonoses, Bacterial Animal Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Bern, Switzerland.
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