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Ehlers L, Palm E, Herriges J, Bentzen T, Suitor M, Joly K, Millspaugh J, Donnelly P, Gross J, Wells J, Larue B, Hebblewhite M. A taste of space: Remote animal observations and discrete-choice models provide new insights into foraging and density dynamics for a large subarctic herbivore. J Anim Ecol 2024. [PMID: 38773852 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Competition for resources and space can drive forage selection of large herbivores from the bite through the landscape scale. Animal behaviour and foraging patterns are also influenced by abiotic and biotic factors. Fine-scale mechanisms of density-dependent foraging at the bite scale are likely consistent with density-dependent behavioural patterns observed at broader scales, but few studies have directly tested this assertion. Here, we tested if space use intensity, a proxy of spatiotemporal density, affects foraging mechanisms at fine spatial scales similarly to density-dependent effects observed at broader scales in caribou. We specifically assessed how behavioural choices are affected by space use intensity and environmental processes using behavioural state and forage selection data from caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) observed from GPS video-camera collars using a multivariate discrete-choice modelling framework. We found that the probability of eating shrubs increased with increasing caribou space use intensity and cover of Salix spp. shrubs, whereas the probability of eating lichen decreased. Insects also affected fine-scale foraging behaviour by reducing the overall probability of eating. Strong eastward winds mitigated negative effects of insects and resulted in higher probabilities of eating lichen. At last, caribou exhibited foraging functional responses wherein their probability of selecting each food type increased as the availability (% cover) of that food increased. Space use intensity signals of fine-scale foraging were consistent with density-dependent responses observed at larger scales and with recent evidence suggesting declining reproductive rates in the same caribou population. Our results highlight potential risks of overgrazing on sensitive forage species such as lichen. Remote investigation of the functional responses of foraging behaviours provides exciting future applications where spatial models can identify high-quality habitats for conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ehlers
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - E Palm
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - J Herriges
- Bureau of Land Management, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - T Bentzen
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - M Suitor
- Yukon Government, Yukon, Yukon Territory, Canada
| | - K Joly
- National Park Service, Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - J Millspaugh
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - P Donnelly
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - J Gross
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Tok, Alaska, USA
| | - J Wells
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Tok, Alaska, USA
| | - B Larue
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - M Hebblewhite
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
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Lahra MM, Latham NH, Templeton DJ, Read P, Carmody C, Ryder N, Ellis SE, Madden EF, Parasuraman A, Wells J, Sheppeard V, Armstrong BH, Holland J, Pendle S, Sherry N, Leong L, Papanicolas L, Selvey CE, Van Hal SJ. Investigation and response to an outbreak of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup Y ST-1466 urogenital infections, Australia. Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2024; 48. [PMID: 38594793 DOI: 10.33321/cdi.2024.48.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Abstract In 2023, an increased number of urogenital and anorectal infections with Neisseria meningitis serogroup Y (MenY) were reported in New South Wales (NSW). Whole genome sequencing (WGS) found a common sequence type (ST-1466), with limited sequence diversity. Confirmed outbreak cases were NSW residents with a N. meningitidis isolate matching the cluster sequence type; probable cases were NSW residents with MenY isolated from a urogenital or anorectal site from 1 July 2023 without WGS testing. Of the 41 cases, most were men (n = 27), of whom six reported recent contact with a female sex worker. Five cases were men who have sex with men and two were female sex workers. Laboratory alerts regarding the outbreak were sent to all Australian jurisdictions through the laboratories in the National Neisseria Network. Two additional states identified urogenital MenY ST-1466 infections detected in late 2023. Genomic analysis showed all MenY ST-1466 sequences were interspersed, suggestive of an Australia-wide outbreak. The incidence of these infections remains unknown, due to varied testing and reporting practices both within and across jurisdictions. Isolates causing invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Australia are typed, and there has been no MenY ST-1466 IMD recorded in Australia to end of March 2024. Concerns remain regarding the risk of IMD, given the similarity of these sequences with a MenY ST-1466 IMD strain causing a concurrent outbreak in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Lahra
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for STI and AMR, New South Wales Health Pathology Microbiology, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N H Latham
- Health Protection NSW, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- New South Wales Public Health Training Program, New South Wales Ministry of Health, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D J Templeton
- Sexual Health Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P Read
- South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Carmody
- South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N Ryder
- Centre for Population Health NSW Health, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S E Ellis
- Health Protection NSW, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - E F Madden
- Health Protection NSW, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Parasuraman
- Health Protection NSW, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Wells
- Health Protection NSW, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - V Sheppeard
- South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - B H Armstrong
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Holland
- Laverty Pathology, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Pendle
- Australian Clinical Laboratories, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N Sherry
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Leong
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - C E Selvey
- Health Protection NSW, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S J Van Hal
- New South Wales Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Chauvin M, Meinsohn MC, Dasari S, May P, Iyer S, Nguyen NMP, Oliva E, Lucchini Z, Nagykery N, Kashiwagi A, Mishra R, Maser R, Wells J, Bult CJ, Mitra AK, Donahoe PK, Pépin D. Cancer-associated mesothelial cells are regulated by the anti-Müllerian hormone axis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112730. [PMID: 37453057 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated mesothelial cells (CAMCs) in the tumor microenvironment are thought to promote growth and immune evasion. We find that, in mouse and human ovarian tumors, cancer cells express anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) while CAMCs express its receptor AMHR2, suggesting a paracrine axis. Factors secreted by cancer cells induce AMHR2 expression during their reprogramming into CAMCs in mouse and human in vitro models. Overexpression of AMHR2 in the Met5a mesothelial cell line is sufficient to induce expression of immunosuppressive cytokines and growth factors that stimulate ovarian cancer cell growth in an AMH-dependent way. Finally, syngeneic cancer cells implanted in transgenic mice with Amhr2-/- CAMCs grow significantly slower than in wild-type hosts. The cytokine profile of Amhr2-/- tumor-bearing mice is altered and their tumors express less immune checkpoint markers programmed-cell-death 1 (PD1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4). Taken together, these data suggest that the AMH/AMHR2 axis plays a critical role in regulating the pro-tumoral function of CAMCs in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chauvin
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M-C Meinsohn
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Dasari
- Indiana University School of Medicine-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - P May
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Iyer
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - N M P Nguyen
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Oliva
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Z Lucchini
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Nagykery
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Kashiwagi
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Mishra
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R Maser
- Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - J Wells
- Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - C J Bult
- Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - A K Mitra
- Indiana University School of Medicine-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Patricia K Donahoe
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Pépin
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.
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Wells J, Nicholls D, Robinson AW, Moshtaghpour A, Zheng Y, Castagna J, Browning ND. N-Dimensional Dictionary Learning for Hyperspectral Scanning (Transmission) Electron Microscopy. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1887-1888. [PMID: 37613747 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Wells
- Distributed Algorithms CDT, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D Nicholls
- Mechanical, Materials, & Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A W Robinson
- Mechanical, Materials, & Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Moshtaghpour
- Mechanical, Materials, & Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Y Zheng
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Castagna
- UKRI-STFC Hartree Centre, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, United Kingdom
| | - N D Browning
- Mechanical, Materials, & Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Physical & Computational Science, Pacific Northwest National Lab, Richland, WA, USA
- Sivananthan Laboratories, 590 Territorial Drive, Bolingbrook, IL, USA
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Robinson AW, Nicholls D, Wells J, Moshtaghpour A, Chi M, Kirkland AI, Browning ND. Fast STEM Simulation Technique to Improve Quality of Inpainted Experimental Images Through Dictionary Transfer. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:681-682. [PMID: 37613365 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A W Robinson
- Mechanical, Materials, & Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - D Nicholls
- Mechanical, Materials, & Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - J Wells
- Distributed Algorithms CDT, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - A Moshtaghpour
- Mechanical, Materials, & Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, U. K
| | - M Chi
- Centre for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, USA
| | - A I Kirkland
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, U. K
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, U. K
| | - N D Browning
- Mechanical, Materials, & Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
- Physical & Computational Science, Pacific Northwest National Lab, Richland, WA, USA
- Sivananthan Laboratories, 590 Territorial Drive, Bolingbrook, IL, USA
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McNamara I, Pomeroy V, Clark AB, Creelman G, Whitehouse C, Wells J, Harry B, Smith TO, High J, Swart AM, Clarke C. Comparison of the Journey II bicruciate stabilised (JII-BCS) and GENESIS II total knee arthroplasty for functional ability and motor impairment: the CAPAbility, blinded, randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e061648. [PMID: 36599639 PMCID: PMC9815016 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if a newer design of total knee replacement (TKR) (Journey II BCS) produces superior patient-reported outcomes scores and biomechanical outcomes than the older, more established design (Genesis II). SETTING Patients were recruited from an NHS University Hospital between July 2018 and October 2019 with surgery at two sites. Biomechanical and functional capacity measurements were at a University Movement and Exercise Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS 80 participants undergoing single-stage TKR. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomised to receive either the Journey II BCS (JII-BCS) or Genesis II TKR. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome was the Oxford Knee Score (OKS), at 6 months. Secondary outcomes were: OKS Activity and Participation Questionnaire, EQ-5D-5L and UCLA Activity scores, Timed Up and Go Test, 6 min walk test, lower limb kinematics and lower limb muscle activity during walking and balance. RESULTS This study found no difference in the OKS between groups. The OKS scores for the JII-BCS and Genesis II groups were mean (SD) 42.97 (5.21) and 43.13 (5.20) respectively, adjusted effect size 0.35 (-2.01,2.71) p=0.771In secondary outcome measures, the Genesis II group demonstrated a significantly greater walking range-of-movement (50.62 (7.33) vs 46.07 (7.71) degrees, adjusted effect size, 3.14 (0.61,5.68) p=0.02) and higher peak knee flexion angular velocity during walking (mean (SD) 307.69 (38.96) vs 330.38 (41.40) degrees/second, adjusted effect size was 21.75 (4.54,38.96), p=0.01) and better postural control (smaller resultant centre of path length) during quiet standing than the JII-BCS group (mean (SD) 158.14 (65.40) vs 235.48 (176.94) mm, adjusted effect size, 59.91 (-105.98, -13.85) p=0.01.). CONCLUSIONS In this study population, the findings do not support the hypothesis that the Journey II BCS produces a better outcome than the Genesis II for the primary outcome of the OKS at 6 months after surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN32315753.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain McNamara
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Allan B Clark
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - J Wells
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - B Harry
- Department of clinical neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Toby O Smith
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Ann Marie Swart
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Rueda GH, Causada-Calo N, Nardelli A, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Borojevic R, Libertucci J, Loonen L, Wells J, Sokol H, Verdu E, Bercik P. A248 THE ROLE OF DIETARY TRYPTOPHAN IN INDOLE AND KYNURENINE PRODUCTION AND IMMUNE MODULATION IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859395 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural supplements are widely consumed by the general public, with little evidence of mechanistic support. Tryptophan has gained central attention, being transformed by host and gut microbial enzymes into multiple bioactive metabolites that regulate immunity and mood. Indoles are activators of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), crucial for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Tryptophan has been advocated to prevent chronic inflammatory conditions, however the clinical data to support this are missing. Aims To investigate clinical, immune, and metabolic parameters in response to tryptophan supplementation, in healthy subjects on a low tryptophan diet. Methods We performed a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in 20 healthy volunteers (18 - 75 years old). Subjects were instructed to start a low tryptophan diet and then randomly assigned to a 3-week tryptophan supplementation (3g/day) or placebo, in enteric coated capsules. After a 2-week washout period, subjects crossed over to the opposite intervention arm. Questionnaires were used to assess bowel symptoms, anxiety, depression and stress levels (GSRS, HADS and DASS21, respectively). Stool, urine, blood and duodenal aspirates were collected to measure tryptophan metabolites and cytokines. Results Tryptophan supplementation had no changes in gastrointestinal symptoms or behavioral parameters. Compared with placebo, tryptophan increased urinary and plasma levels of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase/kynurenine (p= 0.002 and p= 0.02, respectively) and indoles (p= 0.001 and p= 0.01, respectively), suggestive of activation of host and microbial metabolic pathways. Urinary and plasma metabolites were higher than in feces (p=<0.05), suggesting their active absorption in the small intestine. There were no differences in AhR activity in duodenal aspirates or in stool. Although no changes in the cytokine production were detected, serum kynurenine pathway metabolites negatively correlated with IL-8 levels (R=-0.72; p=0.001). Fecal tryptophan metabolites levels positively correlated with anxiety and depression scores, suggesting that the microbial metabolism of dietary tryptophan in the colon impacts host behavior. Conclusions Tryptophan supplementation in healthy individuals was safe and had a measurable influence on microbial and host metabolism, mainly kynurenine and indole pathways, with known immunomodulatory properties. Tryptophan was metabolized and absorbed in the small intestine, reflected by the high metabolite levels in plasma and urine. Fecal metabolites correlating with clinical parameters reflect subjects’ long-term diet. Further studies are warranted to study tryptophan supplementation in disorders with altered AhR pathways. Funding Agencies CIHR
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Rueda
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - A Nardelli
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - R Borojevic
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Libertucci
- Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - L Loonen
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Gelderland, Netherlands
| | - J Wells
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Gelderland, Netherlands
| | - H Sokol
- Sorbonne Universite, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - E Verdu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Bradford B, Rio E, Wells J, Khondoker M, Chan Y, Chester R. A comparison of the effects of two, isometric calf muscle exercises on pain in patients with chronic, mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy. Physiotherapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chan Y, Chester R, Wells J, Bradford B. Recreational athletes with mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy: A comparison of maximal and explosive plantarflexion strength between symptomatic and asymptomatic sides. Physiotherapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gao M, Wells J, Li L. Socioeconomic disparities in growth trajectories of Chinese children and adolescents during 1991-2015. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Backgrounds
Socioeconomic (SEP) disparities in growth of children from low-/middle-income countries are not well understood, especially in countries experiencing rapid economic growth. We investigated how SEP disparities in child growth in China have changed over time.
Methods
Using the longitudinal data of 5,118 children and adolescents (7-18y) from China Health and Nutrition Survey (10 sweeps, 1991-2015), we derived four cohorts born in 1981-95, 1986-90, 1991-95, 1996-2000. We applied random-effects fractional polynomial models to estimate mean height and BMI trajectories for each gender separately, by socioeconomic position (SEP) for each cohort. SEP disparities were estimated as differences between high and low SEP groups (by community-level urbanization index, household income/capita, parental education, and occupational class). We also examined whether SEP disparities in nutritional status (stunting, thinness, overweight/obesity) have changed over time.
Results
Mean height and BMI increased across cohorts, with differences being greatest in adolescence. The increasing trend for height was similar in high and low SEP groups, thus positive SEP differences in mean height persisted across cohorts (e.g. for boys at 10y, were 3.8cm in the earliest and 2.9cm latest cohorts at by urbanization index, and were 3.6cm and 3.1cm by HH income). For BMI, the increasing trend was much faster in high (vs low) SEP groups, thus SEP differences in mean BMI increased across cohorts (e.g. for boys at 10y, increased from 0.5 to 0.8kg/m2 by urbanization index, and 0.4 to 1.1kg/m2 by HH income). Findings for stunting and overweight/obesity were consistent with those for height and BMI. No significant association was found between SEP and thinness.
Conclusions
Short stature is associated with lower SEP, whereas high BMI is associated with higher SEP among Chinese youths. Between 1991-2015 in China, inequalities in childhood BMI increased while those for height remained fairly constant.
Key messages
Short stature is associated with lower SEP, whereas high BMI is associated with higher SEP among Chinese youths. Between 1991-2015 in China, inequalities in childhood BMI increased while those for height remained fairly constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gao
- GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Wells
- GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - L Li
- GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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Steiner K, Jackson M, Wells J, Timmerman M, Bilek L, Waltman N, Hanson C. The Effect of Dietary Protein and Amino Acid Intake on Total Hip and Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density Measurements. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Haubensak R, Jackson M, Schmidt R, Wells J, Timmerman M, Hanson C. The Association Between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Bone-Related Outcomes in Patients 100 Days Post-Bone Marrow Transplant. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Clemons M, Wells J, Jackson M, Timmerman M, Hanson C. The Impact of Various Dietary Fats on Seizure Severity. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rasmussen A, Wuebker J, Jackson M, Wells J, Timmerman M, Hanson C. The Relationship Between Vitamin B1, B6, B12, and D Intake and UPDRS Motor Scores in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wolstenholm M, Thoene M, Jackson M, Wells J, Timmerman M, Hanson C. Comparing Postpartum Depression Scores and Lutein + Zeaxanthin Blood Levels in Post-Partum Mothers with Newborns in the NICU. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Matsunaga J, Bice B, Jackson M, Wells J, Timmerman M, Hanson C. Handgrip Strength and Pulmonary Function in the Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Population. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wells J, El-Husseini A, Jaffar A, Dolgin K, Hubert G, Kayyali R. A cross-sectional study to evaluate the validity of a novel patient-reported outcome measure of medication adherence in Type 2 Diabetes. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riab015.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The average medication adherence (MA) among patients in developed countries living with a chronic disease is estimated to be roughly 50%.(1) Non-adherence is multi-factorial, owing to socio-economic and clinical factors, as well as arguably the most important factor, patients’ health beliefs and experiences. Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are often uni-dimensional in their assessment of drivers of MA. This study has evaluated a novel PROM as part of a wider international research initiative focused on Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) which assesses four key factors of MA referred to as Social (S), Psychological (P), Usage (U) and Rationale (R), in short SPUR®.
Aim
To compare the validity of SPUR® against previously validated PROMs in patients with T2D.
Methods
This South London cross-sectional study surveyed adult participants with a confirmed diagnosis of T2D prescribed a minimum of one anti-hyperglycaemic medicine. Surveys were administered face-to-face by community pharmacists using a convenience sampling method based on interactions with pharmacy patients. The survey consisted of questions relating to socio-demographic and clinical data, the SPUR® tool and three previously validated PROMs (BeMQ-General®, MARS-10® and BeMQ-Specific®) as comparators to evaluate factors P, U and R respectively. The Medication Possession Ratio (MPR), a measure of a patient’s pill count in a given time period, was used as an objective comparator of adherence. Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) were calculated to determine the strength of association between the validated PROMs and SPUR®, with T tests used as a measure of significance (p=<0.05) as an evaluation of validity for SPUR®.
Results
The survey response rate was 21.6% (n=149/690). The modal age range for participants was 60–69 years of age (40.1%, n=60). Participants were predominantly educated to degree level (29.5%, n=44), White (48.3%, n=72) and retired (28.9%, n=43). Overall, 47.6% (n=71) of participants identified as female. Body Mass Index (BMI) data were available for 88.6% (n=132) of the sample with 42.4% (n=56/132) reporting a BMI >30. In ascending order, moderate to strong positive correlations were observed between SPUR® and the comparative PROMs for factors P (r=0.464, p=<0.0001), U (r=0.595, p=<0.0001) and R (r=0.719, p=<0.0001), indicating SPUR® to be a reliable measure of those MA factors. When assessing MA objectively, SPUR® demonstrated the strongest correlation (r=0.281, p=<0.0001) to MPR compared with the validated tools, with MARS-10® as the closest comparator (r=0.266, p=0.001). Despite this, SPUR® did not overestimate MA, 83.8% (n=125) of the sample was identified as adherent based on MPR compared to 53% (n=79) with SPUR®. The latter more closely reflecting HbA1c data which identified 55.4% (n=31/56) as adherent.
Conclusion
Study strengths include the implementation of validated PROMs and two objective MA measures; however, the study sample size was limited. SPUR® has demonstrated its validity against validated PROMs whilst predicting adherence levels without exaggeration, which is often attributed to crude objective measures such as MPR.(2) SPUR® may therefore holistically identify the multiple factors linked to non-adherence, thus supporting the design of individualised interventions.. Such interventions are deemed by the World Health Organisation as potentially more impactful than developing new treatments.(1)
References
1. Eduardo Sabaté (WHO/NMH/CCH). Adherence to long-term therapies: policy for action. World Heal Organ. Published online 2001.
2. Long JA, Wang A, Medvedeva EL, et al. Glucose control and medication adherence among veterans with diabetes and serious mental illness: Does collocation of primary care and mental health care matter? Diabetes Care. Published online 2014. doi:10.2337/dc13-0051
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wells
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, KT1 2EE
| | - A El-Husseini
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, KT1 2EE
| | - A Jaffar
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, KT1 2EE
| | | | | | - R Kayyali
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, KT1 2EE
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18
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Wells J, Ortega D, Steinhoff U, Dutz S, Garaio E, Sandre O, Natividad E, Cruz MM, Brero F, Southern P, Pankhurst QA, Spassov S. Challenges and recommendations for magnetic hyperthermia characterization measurements. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 38:447-460. [PMID: 33730953 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2021.1892837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The localized heating of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) via the application of time-varying magnetic fields - a process known as magnetic field hyperthermia (MFH) - can greatly enhance existing options for cancer treatment; but for broad clinical uptake its optimization, reproducibility and safety must be comprehensively proven. As part of this effort, the quantification of MNP heating - characterized by the specific loss power (SLP), measured in W/g, or by the intrinsic loss power (ILP), in Hm2/kg - is frequently reported. However, in SLP/ILP measurements to date, the apparatus, the analysis techniques and the field conditions used by different researchers have varied greatly, leading to questions as to the reproducibility of the measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS An interlaboratory study (across N = 21 European sites) of calorimetry measurements that constitutes a snapshot of the current state-of-the-art within the MFH community has been undertaken. Identical samples of two stable nanoparticle systems were distributed to all participating laboratories. Raw measurement data as well as the results of in-house analysis techniques were collected along with details of the measurement apparatus used. Raw measurement data was further reanalyzed by universal application of the corrected-slope method to examine relative influences of apparatus and results processing. RESULTS The data show that although there is very good intralaboratory repeatability, the overall interlaboratory measurement accuracy is poor, with the consolidated ILP data having standard deviations on the mean of ca. ± 30% to ± 40%. There is a strong systematic component to the uncertainties, and a clear rank correlation between the measuring laboratory and the ILP. Both of these are indications of a current lack of normalization in this field. A number of possible sources of systematic uncertainties are identified, and means determined to alleviate or minimize them. However, no single dominant factor was identified, and significant work remains to ascertain and remove the remaining uncertainty sources. CONCLUSION We conclude that the study reveals a current lack of harmonization in MFH characterization of MNPs, and highlights the growing need for standardized, quantitative characterization techniques for this emerging medical technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wells
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Ortega
- Condensed Matter Physics department, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, Cádiz, Spain.,IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - U Steinhoff
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Dutz
- Technische Universität Ilmenau, Institut für Biomedizinische Technik und Informatik, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - E Garaio
- Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoan, Pamplona, Spain
| | - O Sandre
- Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France.,CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Pessac, France
| | - E Natividad
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M M Cruz
- BioISI, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F Brero
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - P Southern
- Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratory, University College London, London, UK.,Resonant Circuits Limited, London, UK
| | - Q A Pankhurst
- Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratory, University College London, London, UK.,Resonant Circuits Limited, London, UK
| | - S Spassov
- Centre de Physique du Globe de l'Institut Royal Météorologique, Dourbes, Belgium
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19
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Rueda GH, Causada-Calo N, Borojevic R, Nardelli A, Constante M, Loonen L, Wells J, Sokol H, Verdu E, Bercik P. A8 DIETARY TRYPTOPHAN MODULATES KYNURENINE AND INDOLE PRODUCTION IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab002.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that is transformed by host and gut microbial enzymes into multiple bioactive metabolites that regulate immunity, mood and circadian rhythms. In particular, indoles, produced by gut bacterial metabolism of tryptophan, have recently gained central attention. Indoles are activators of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is crucial for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and immunity. Tryptophan supplementation in fortified foods have been advocated to prevent chronic inflammatory conditions, from autism to chronic inflammation. However, whether dietary tryptophan supplementation affects immune function, tryptophan metabolic pathways and gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy subjects, is unknown.
Aims
To assess whether tryptophan supplementation, in healthy subjects on a low tryptophan diet, induces changes in microbiota-derived metabolites (indoles), host cytokine production or gut symptoms.
Methods
We performed a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in 20 healthy individuals, between 18 and 75 years old, following a regular diet. Subjects were instructed to start a standardized low tryptophan diet and were randomly assigned to a 3-week tryptophan supplement (3gr/day) or placebo. After a 2-week washout period, subjects were crossed over to the opposite 3-week intervention arm. Self-administered questionnaires (GSRS, DASS21 and HADS) were used to assess gastrointestinal symptoms and mood/anxiety/stress. Stool, urine and blood samples were collected to measure tryptophan metabolites (kynurenine pathway and indoles) and cytokines.
Results
Supplementation of tryptophan was well tolerated and no changes in gastrointestinal symptoms or mood/anxiety were found. Compared with placebo, tryptophan supplementation increased urinary and plasma levels of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (p= 0.002 and p= 0.02, respectively), a key enzyme in the kynurenine pathway, and of several indoles (p= 0.0008 and p= 0.01, respectively), suggestive of activation of microbial and host metabolic pathways. However, there were no measurable changes in the host cytokine production. There was a positive correlation between fecal kynurenine levels and anxiety and depression scores, suggesting that microbial metabolites may impact host behavior in humans.
Conclusions
Dietary tryptophan supplementation in healthy individuals was safe and had a measurable effect on microbial and host metabolism, mainly kynurenine and indole pathways, with known immunomodulatory properties. Although no effects on cytokine production were found, further studies are warranted to investigate tryptophan supplementation in disorders with altered AhR pathway, such as inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic syndrome and celiac disease.
Funding Agencies
None
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Rueda
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - R Borojevic
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - A Nardelli
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M Constante
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - L Loonen
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Gelderland, Netherlands
| | - J Wells
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Gelderland, Netherlands
| | - H Sokol
- Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - E Verdu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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20
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Neuhoff B, Wells J, Whitfield S, Tufton A, Olister S, Holman S. Chorioamnionitis: Are we following diagnostic guidelines? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.08.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Silveira CRA, MacKinley J, Coleman K, Li Z, Finger E, Bartha R, Morrow SA, Wells J, Borrie M, Tirona RG, Rupar CA, Zou G, Hegele RA, Mahuran D, MacDonald P, Jenkins ME, Jog M, Pasternak SH. Ambroxol as a novel disease-modifying treatment for Parkinson's disease dementia: protocol for a single-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMC Neurol 2019; 19:20. [PMID: 30738426 PMCID: PMC6368728 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently there are no disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), a condition linked to aggregation of the protein α-synuclein in subcortical and cortical brain areas. One of the leading genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease is being a carrier in the gene for β-Glucocerebrosidase (GCase; gene name GBA1). Studies in cell culture and animal models have shown that raising the levels of GCase can decrease levels of α-synuclein. Ambroxol is a pharmacological chaperone for GCase and is able to raise the levels of GCase and could therefore be a disease-modifying treatment for PDD. The aims of this trial are to determine if Ambroxol is safe and well-tolerated by individuals with PDD and if Ambroxol affects cognitive, biochemical, and neuroimaging measures. METHODS This is a phase II, single-centre, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial involving 75 individuals with mild to moderate PDD. Participants will be randomized into Ambroxol high-dose (1050 mg/day), low-dose (525 mg/day), or placebo treatment arms. Assessments will be undertaken at baseline, 6-months, and 12-months follow up times. Primary outcome measures will be the Alzheimer's disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) and the ADCS Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGIC). Secondary measures will include the Parkinson's disease Cognitive Rating Scale, Clinical Dementia Rating, Trail Making Test, Stroop Test, Unified Parkinson's disease Rating Scale, Purdue Pegboard, Timed Up and Go, and gait kinematics. Markers of neurodegeneration will include MRI and CSF measures. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Ambroxol will be examined through plasma levels during dose titration phase and evaluation of GCase activity in lymphocytes. DISCUSSION If found effective and safe, Ambroxol will be one of the first disease-modifying treatments for PDD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02914366, 26 Sep 2016/retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R A Silveira
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Parkwood Institute - Main Building, Room A230, 550, Wellington Road, London, Ontario, N6G 0A7, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J MacKinley
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Parkwood Institute - Main Building, Room A230, 550, Wellington Road, London, Ontario, N6G 0A7, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Coleman
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Parkwood Institute - Main Building, Room A230, 550, Wellington Road, London, Ontario, N6G 0A7, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Z Li
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Parkwood Institute - Main Building, Room A230, 550, Wellington Road, London, Ontario, N6G 0A7, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - E Finger
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Parkwood Institute - Main Building, Room A230, 550, Wellington Road, London, Ontario, N6G 0A7, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Deparment of Clinical Neurological Science, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Bartha
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - S A Morrow
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Parkwood Institute - Main Building, Room A230, 550, Wellington Road, London, Ontario, N6G 0A7, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Deparment of Clinical Neurological Science, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Wells
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Borrie
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - R G Tirona
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - C A Rupar
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - R A Hegele
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Mahuran
- Laboratory of Medicine and Pathobiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P MacDonald
- Deparment of Clinical Neurological Science, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - M E Jenkins
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Deparment of Clinical Neurological Science, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Jog
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Deparment of Clinical Neurological Science, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - S H Pasternak
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Parkwood Institute - Main Building, Room A230, 550, Wellington Road, London, Ontario, N6G 0A7, Canada. .,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada. .,Deparment of Clinical Neurological Science, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. .,Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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22
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Triolo TM, Fouts A, Pyle L, Yu L, Gottlieb PA, Steck AK, Greenbaum CJ, Atkinson M, Baidal D, Battaglia M, Becker D, Bingley P, Bosi E, Buckner J, Clements M, Colman P, DiMeglio L, Gitelman S, Goland R, Gottlieb P, Herold K, Knip M, Krischer J, Lernmark A, Moore W, Moran A, Muir A, Palmer J, Peakman M, Philipson L, Raskin P, Redondo M, Rodriguez H, Russell W, Spain L, Schatz D, Sosenko J, Wentworth J, Wherrett D, Wilson D, Winter W, Ziegler A, Anderson M, Antinozzi P, Benoist C, Blum J, Bourcier K, Chase P, Clare-Salzler M, Clynes R, Eisenbarth G, Fathman C, Grave G, Hering B, Insel R, Kaufman F, Kay T, Leschek E, Mahon J, Marks J, Nanto-Salonen K, Nepom G, Orban T, Parkman R, Pescovitz M, Peyman J, Pugliese A, Roep B, Roncarolo M, Savage P, Simell O, Sherwin R, Siegelman M, Skyler J, Steck A, Thomas J, Trucco M, Wagner J, Krischer JP, Leschek E, Rafkin L, Bourcier K, Cowie C, Foulkes M, Insel R, Krause-Steinrauf H, Lachin JM, Malozowski S, Peyman J, Ridge J, Savage P, Skyler JS, Zafonte SJ, Rafkin L, Sosenko JM, Kenyon NS, Santiago I, Krischer JP, Bundy B, Abbondondolo M, Dixit S, Pasha M, King K, Adcock H, Atterberry L, Fox K, Englert N, Mauras J, Permuy K, Sikes T, Adams T, Berhe B, Guendling L, McLennan L, Paganessi C, Murphy M, Draznin M, Kamboj S, Sheppard V, Lewis L, Coates W, Amado D, Moore G, Babar J, Bedard D, Brenson-Hughes J, Cernich M, Clements R, Duprau S, Goodman L, Hester L, Huerta-Saenz A, Asif I, Karmazin T, Letjen S, Raman D, Morin W, Bestermann E, Morawski J, White A, Brockmyer R, Bays S, Campbell A, Boonstra M, Stapleton N, Stone A, Donoho H, Everett H, Hensley M, Johnson C, Marshall N, Skirvin P, Taylor R, Williams L, Burroughs C, Ray C, Wolverton D, Nickels C, Dothard P, Speiser M, Pellizzari L, Bokor K, Izuora S, Abdelnour P, Cummings S, Cuthbertson D, Paynor M, Leahy M, Riedl S, Shockley R, Saad T, Briones S, Casella C, Herz K, Walsh J, Greening F, Deemer M, Hay S, Hunt N, Sikotra L, Simons D, Karounos R, Oremus L, Dye L, Myers D, Ballard W, Miers R, Eberhard C, Sparks K, Thraikill K, Edwards J, Fowlkes S, Kemp A, Morales L, Holland L, Johnson P, Paul A, Ghatak K, Fiske S, Phelen H, Leyland T, Henderson D, Brenner E, Oppenheimer I, Mamkin C, Moniz C, Clarson M, Lovell A, Peters V, Ford J, Ruelas D, Borut D, Burt M, Jordan S, Castilla P, Flores M, Ruiz L, Hanson J, Green-Blair R, Sheridan K, Garmeson J, Wintergerst G, Pierce A, Omoruyi M, Foster S, Kingery A, Lunsford I, Cervantes T, Parker P, Price J, Urben I, Guillette H, Doughty H, Haydock V, Parker P, Bergman S, Duncum C, Rodda A, Perelman R, Calendo C, Barrera E, Arce-Nunez Y, Geyer S, Martinez M, De la Portilla I, Cardenas L, Garrido M, Villar R, Lorini E, Calandra G, D’Annuzio K, Perri N, Minuto C, Hays B, Rebora R, Callegari O, Ali J, Kramer B, Auble S, Cabrera P, Donohoue R, Fiallo-Scharer M, Hessner P, Wolfgram A, Henderson C, Kansra N, Bettin R, McCuller A, Miller S, Accacha J, Corrigan E, Fiore R, Levine T, Mahoney C, Polychronakos V, Henry M, Gagne H, Starkman M, Fox D, Chin F, Melchionne L, Silverman I, Marshall L, Cerracchio J, Cruz A, Viswanathan J, Heyman K, Wilson S, Chalew S, Valley S, Layburn A, Lala P, Clesi M, Genet G, Uwaifo A, Charron T, Allerton W, Hsiao B, Cefalu L, Melendez-Ramirez R, Richards C, Alleyn E, Gustafson M, Lizanna J, Wahlen S, Aleiwe M, Hansen H, Wahlen C, Karges C, Levy A, Bonaccorso R, Rapaport Y, Tomer D, Chia M, Goldis L, Iazzetti M, Klein C, Levister L, Waldman E, Keaton N, Wallach M, Regelmann Z, Antal M, Aranda C, Reynholds A, Vinik P, Barlow M, Bourcier M, Nevoret J, Couper S, Kinderman A, Beresford N, Thalagne H, Roper J, Gibbons J, Hill S, Balleaut C, Brennan J, Ellis-Gage L, Fear T, Gray L, Law P, Jones C, McNerney L, Pointer N, Price K, Few D, Tomlinson N, Leech D, Wake C, Owens M, Burns J, Leinbach A, Wotherspoon A, Murray K, Short G, Curry S, Kelsey J, Lawson J, Porter S, Stevens E, Thomson S, Winship L, Liu S, Wynn E, Wiltshire J, Krebs P, Cresswell H, Faherty C, Ross L, Denvir J, Drew T, Randell P, Mansell S, Lloyd J, Bell S, Butler Y, Hooton H, Navarra A, Roper G, Babington L, Crate H, Cripps A, Ledlie C, Moulds R, Malloy J, Norton B, Petrova O, Silkstone C, Smith K, Ghai M, Murray V, Viswanathan M, Henegan O, Kawadry J, Olson L, Maddox K, Patterson T, Ahmad B, Flores D, Domek S, Domek K, Copeland M, George J, Less T, Davis M, Short A, Martin J, Dwarakanathan P, O’Donnell B, Boerner L, Larson M, Phillips M, Rendell K, Larson C, Smith K, Zebrowski L, Kuechenmeister M, Miller J, Thevarayapillai M, Daniels H, Speer N, Forghani R, Quintana C, Reh A, Bhangoo P, Desrosiers L, Ireland T, Misla C, Milliot E, Torres S, Wells J, Villar M, Yu D, Berry D, Cook J, Soder A, Powell M, Ng M, Morrison Z, Moore M, Haslam M, Lawson B, Bradley J, Courtney C, Richardson C, Watson E, Keely D, DeCurtis M, Vaccarcello-Cruz Z, Torres K, Muller S, Sandberg H, Hsiang B, Joy D, McCormick A, Powell H, Jones J, Bell S, Hargadon S, Hudson M, Kummer S, Nguyen T, Sauder E, Sutton K, Gensel R, Aguirre-Castaneda V, Benavides, Lopez D, Hemp S, Allen J, Stear E, Davis T, O’Donnell R, Jones A, Roberts J, Dart N, Paramalingam L, Levitt Katz N, Chaudhary K, Murphy S, Willi B, Schwartzman C, Kapadia D, Roberts A, Larson D, McClellan G, Shaibai L, Kelley G, Villa C, Kelley R, Diamond M, Kabbani T, Dajani F, Hoekstra M, Sadler K, Magorno J, Holst V, Chauhan N, Wilson P, Bononi M, Sperl A, Millward M, Eaton L, Dean J, Olshan H, Stavros T, Renna C, Milliard, Brodksy L, Bacon J, Quintos L, Topor S, Bialo B, Bancroft A, Soto W, Lagarde H, Tamura R, Lockemer T, Vanderploeg M, Ibrahim M, Huie V, Sanchez R, Edelen R, Marchiando J, Palmer T, Repas M, Wasson P, Wood K, Auker J, Culbertson T, Kieffer D, Voorhees T, Borgwardt L, DeRaad K, Eckert E, Isaacson H, Kuhn A, Carroll M, Xu P, Schubert G, Francis S, Hagan T, Le M, Penn E, Wickham C, Leyva K, Rivera J, Padilla I, Rodriguez N, Young K, Jospe J, Czyzyk B, Johnson U, Nadgir N, Marlen G, Prakasam C, Rieger N, Glaser E, Heiser B, Harris C, Alies P, Foster H, Slater K, Wheeler D, Donaldson M, Murray D, Hale R, Tragus D, Word J, Lynch L, Pankratz W, Badias F, Rogers R, Newfield S, Holland M, Hashiguchi M, Gottschalk A, Philis-Tsimikas R, Rosal S, Franklin S, Guardado N, Bohannon M, Baker A, Garcia T, Aguinaldo J, Phan V, Barraza D, Cohen J, Pinsker U, Khan J, Wiley L, Jovanovic P, Misra M, Bassi M, Wright D, Cohen K, Huang M, Skiles S, Maxcy C, Pihoker K, Cochrane J, Fosse S, Kearns M, Klingsheim N, Beam C, Wright L, Viles H, Smith S, Heller M, Cunningham A, Daniels L, Zeiden J, Field R, Walker K, Griffin L, Boulware D, Bartholow C, Erickson J, Howard B, Krabbenhoft C, Sandman A, Vanveldhuizen J, Wurlger A, Zimmerman K, Hanisch L, Davis-Keppen A, Bounmananh L, Cotterill J, Kirby M, Harris A, Schmidt C, Kishiyama C, Flores J, Milton W, Martin C, Whysham A, Yerka T, Bream S, Freels J, Hassing J, Webster R, Green P, Carter J, Galloway D, Hoelzer S, Roberts S, Said P, Sullivan H, Freeman D, Allen E, Reiter E, Feinberg C, 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Frank E, Liu J, Perry J, Pyle R, Rigby A, Riley K, Soto A, Gitelman S, Adi S, Anderson M, Berhel A, Breen K, Fraser K, Gerard-Gonzalez A, Jossan P, Lustig R, Moassesfar S, Mugg A, Ng D, Prahalod P, Rangel-Lugo M, Sanda S, Tarkoff J, Torok C, Wesch R, Aslan I, Buchanan J, Cordier J, Hamilton C, Hawkins L, Ho T, Jain A, Ko K, Lee T, Phelps S, Rosenthal S, Sahakitrungruang T, Stehl L, Taylor L, Wertz M, Wong J, Philipson L, Briars R, Devine N, Littlejohn E, Grant T, Gottlieb P, Klingensmith G, Steck A, Alkanani A, Bautista K, Bedoy R, Blau A, Burke B, Cory L, Dang M, Fitzgerald-Miller L, Fouts A, Gage V, Garg S, Gesauldo P, Gutin R, Hayes C, Hoffman M, Ketchum K, Logsden-Sackett N, Maahs D, Messer L, Meyers L, Michels A, Peacock S, Rewers M, Rodriguez P, Sepulbeda F, Sippl R, Steck A, Taki I, Tran BK, Tran T, Wadwa RP, Zeitler P, Barker J, Barry S, Birks L, Bomsburger L, Bookert T, Briggs L, Burdick P, Cabrera R, Chase P, Cobry E, Conley A, Cook G, Daniels J, DiDomenico D, Eckert J, Ehler A, Eisenbarth G, Fain P, Fiallo-Scharer R, Frank N, Goettle H, Haarhues M, Harris S, Horton L, Hutton J, Jeffrrey J, Jenison R, Jones K, Kastelic W, King MA, Lehr D, Lungaro J, Mason K, Maurer H, Nguyen L, Proto A, Realsen J, Schmitt K, Schwartz M, Skovgaard S, Smith J, Vanderwel B, Voelmle M, Wagner R, Wallace A, Walravens P, Weiner L, Westerhoff B, Westfall E, Widmer K, Wright H, Schatz D, Abraham A, Atkinson M, Cintron M, Clare-Salzler M, Ferguson J, Haller M, Hosford J, Mancini D, Rohrs H, Silverstein J, Thomas J, Winter W, Cole G, Cook R, Coy R, Hicks E, Lewis N, Marks J, Pugliese A, Blaschke C, Matheson D, Pugliese A, Sanders-Branca N, Ray Arce LA, Cisneros M, Sabbag S, Moran A, Gibson C, Fife B, Hering B, Kwong C, Leschyshyn J, Nathan B, Pappenfus B, Street A, Boes MA, Peterson Eck S, Finney L, Albright Fischer T, Martin A, Jacqueline Muzamhindo C, Rhodes M, Smith J, Wagner J, Wood B, Becker D, Delallo K, Diaz A, Elnyczky B, Libman I, Pasek B, Riley K, Trucco M, Copemen B, Gwynn D, Toledo F, Rodriguez H, Bollepalli S, Diamond F, Eyth E, Henson D, Lenz A, Shulman D, Raskin P, Adhikari S, Dickson B, Dunnigan E, Lingvay I, Pruneda L, Ramos-Roman M, Raskin P, Rhee C, Richard J, Siegelman M, Sturges D, Sumpter K, White P, Alford M, Arthur J, Aviles-Santa ML, Cordova E, Davis R, Fernandez S, Fordan S, Hardin T, Jacobs A, Kaloyanova P, Lukacova-Zib I, Mirfakhraee S, Mohan A, Noto H, Smith O, Torres N, Wherrett D, Balmer D, Eisel L, Kovalakovska R, Mehan M, Sultan F, Ahenkorah B, Cevallos J, Razack N, Jo Ricci M, Rhode A, Srikandarajah M, Steger R, Russell WE, Black M, Brendle F, Brown A, Moore D, Pittel E, Robertson A, Shannon A, Thomas JW, Herold K, Feldman L, Sherwin R, Tamborlane W, Weinzimer S, Toppari J, Kallio T, Kärkkäinen M, Mäntymäki E, Niininen T, Nurmi B, Rajala P, Romo M, Suomenrinne S, Näntö-Salonen K, Simell O, Simell T, Bosi E, Battaglia M, Bianconi E, Bonfanti R, Grogan P, Laurenzi A, Martinenghi S, Meschi F, Pastore M, Falqui L, Teresa Muscato M, Viscardi M, Bingley P, Castleden H, Farthing N, Loud S, Matthews C, McGhee J, Morgan A, Pollitt J, Elliot-Jones R, Wheaton C, Knip M, Siljander H, Suomalainen H, Colman P, Healy F, Mesfin S, Redl L, Wentworth J, Willis J, Farley M, Harrison L, Perry C, Williams F, Mayo A, Paxton J, Thompson V, Volin L, Fenton C, Carr L, Lemon E, Swank M, Luidens M, Salgam M, Sharma V, Schade D, King C, Carano R, Heiden J, Means N, Holman L, Thomas I, Madrigal D, Muth T, Martin C, Plunkett C, Ramm C, Auchus R, Lane W, Avots E, Buford M, Hale C, Hoyle J, Lane B, Muir A, Shuler S, Raviele N, Ivie E, Jenkins M, Lindsley K, Hansen I, Fadoju D, Felner E, Bode B, Hosey R, Sax J, Jefferies C, Mannering S, Prentis R, She J, Stachura M, Hopkins D, Williams J, Steed L, Asatapova E, Nunez S, Knight S, Dixon P, Ching J, Donner T, Longnecker S, Abel K, Arcara K, Blackman S, Clark L, Cooke D, Plotnick L, Levin P, Bromberger L, Klein K, Sadurska K, Allen C, Michaud D, Snodgrass H, Burghen G, Chatha S, Clark C, 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Madison M, Rincon M, Carlucci R, Shridharani B, Rusk E, Tessman D, Huffman H, Abrams B, Biederman M, Jones V, Leathers W, Brickman P, Petrie D, Zimmerman J, Howard L, Miller R, Alemzadeh D, Mihailescu R, Melgozza-Walker N, Abdulla C, Boucher-Berry D, Ize-Ludlow R, Levy C, Swenson, Brousell N, Crimmins D, Edler T, Weis C, Schultz D, Rogers D, Latham C, Mawhorter C, Switzer W, Spencer P, Konstantnopoulus S, Broder J, Klein L, Knight L, Szadek G, Welnick B, Thompson R, Hoffman A, Revell J, Cherko K, Carter E, Gilson J, Haines G, Arthur B, Bowen W, Zipf P, Graves R, Lozano D, Seiple K, Spicer A, Chang J, Fregosi J, Harbinson C, Paulson S, Stalters P, Wright D, Zlock A, Freeth J, Victory H, Maheshwari A, Maheshwari T, Holmstrom J, Bueno R, Arguello J, Ahern L, Noreika V, Watson S, Hourse P, Breyer C, Kissel Y, Nicholson M, Pfeifer S, Almazan J, Bajaj M, Quinn K, Funk J, McCance E, Moreno R, Veintimilla A, Wells J, Cook S, Trunnel J, Henske S, Desai K, Frizelis F, Khan R, Sjoberg K, Allen P, Manning G, Hendry B, Taylor S, Jones W, Strader M, Bencomo T, Bailey L, Bedolla C, Roldan C, Moudiotis B, Vaidya C, Anning S, Bunce S, Estcourt E, Folland E, Gordon C, Harrill J, Ireland J, Piper L, Scaife K, Sutton S, Wilkins M, Costelloe J, Palmer L, Casas C, Miller M, Burgard C, Erickson J, Hallanger-Johnson P, Clark W, Taylor A, Lafferty S, Gillett C, Nolan M, Pathak L, Sondrol T, Hjelle S, Hafner J, Kotrba R, Hendrickson A, Cemeroglu T, Symington M, Daniel Y, Appiagyei-Dankah D, Postellon M, Racine L, Kleis K, Barnes S, Godwin H, McCullough K, Shaheen G, Buck L, Noel M, Warren S, Weber S, Parker I, Gillespie B, Nelson C, Frost J, Amrhein E, Moreland A, Hayes J, Peggram J, Aisenberg M, Riordan J, Zasa E, Cummings K, Scott T, Pinto A, Mokashi K, McAssey E, Helden P, Hammond L, Dinning S, Rahman S, Ray C, Dimicri S, Guppy H, Nielsen C, Vogel C, Ariza L, Morales Y, Chang R, Gabbay L, Ambrocio L, Manley R, Nemery W, Charlton P, Smith L, Kerr B, Steindel-Kopp M, Alamaguer D, Liljenquist G, Browning T, Coughenour M, Sulk E, Tsalikan M, Tansey J, Cabbage N. Identical and Nonidentical Twins: Risk and Factors Involved in Development of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:192-199. [PMID: 30061316 PMCID: PMC6341285 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are variable reports of risk of concordance for progression to islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes in identical twins after one twin is diagnosed. We examined development of positive autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes and the effects of genetic factors and common environment on autoantibody positivity in identical twins, nonidentical twins, and full siblings. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects from the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study (N = 48,026) were screened from 2004 to 2015 for islet autoantibodies (GAD antibody [GADA], insulinoma-associated antigen 2 [IA-2A], and autoantibodies against insulin [IAA]). Of these subjects, 17,226 (157 identical twins, 283 nonidentical twins, and 16,786 full siblings) were followed for autoantibody positivity or type 1 diabetes for a median of 2.1 years. RESULTS At screening, identical twins were more likely to have positive GADA, IA-2A, and IAA than nonidentical twins or full siblings (all P < 0.0001). Younger age, male sex, and genetic factors were significant factors for expression of IA-2A, IAA, one or more positive autoantibodies, and two or more positive autoantibodies (all P ≤ 0.03). Initially autoantibody-positive identical twins had a 69% risk of diabetes by 3 years compared with 1.5% for initially autoantibody-negative identical twins. In nonidentical twins, type 1 diabetes risk by 3 years was 72% for initially multiple autoantibody-positive, 13% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0% for initially autoantibody-negative nonidentical twins. Full siblings had a 3-year type 1 diabetes risk of 47% for multiple autoantibody-positive, 12% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0.5% for initially autoantibody-negative subjects. CONCLUSIONS Risk of type 1 diabetes at 3 years is high for initially multiple and single autoantibody-positive identical twins and multiple autoantibody-positive nonidentical twins. Genetic predisposition, age, and male sex are significant risk factors for development of positive autoantibodies in twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M. Triolo
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Alexandra Fouts
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Liping Yu
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Peter A. Gottlieb
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Andrea K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Atkins G, Finch L, Rawson B, Hawker R, Wells J, McWilliams D. A quality improvement project looking at the impact of structured rehabilitation on medical wards. Physiotherapy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2018.11.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Montero‐Odasso M, Speechley M, Chertkow H, Sarquis‐Adamson Y, Wells J, Borrie M, Vanderhaeghe L, Zou GY, Fraser S, Bherer L, Muir‐Hunter SW. Donepezil for gait and falls in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Neurol 2018; 26:651-659. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Montero‐Odasso
- Gait and Brain Lab Parkwood Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute University of Western Ontario London ON
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London ON
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Western Ontario London ON
| | - M. Speechley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Western Ontario London ON
- Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health University of Western Ontario London ON
| | - H. Chertkow
- Jewish General Hospital Memory Clinic McGill University Montreal QC
| | - Y. Sarquis‐Adamson
- Gait and Brain Lab Parkwood Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute University of Western Ontario London ON
| | - J. Wells
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London ON
| | - M. Borrie
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London ON
| | | | - G. Y. Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Western Ontario London ON
- Robarts Research Institute London ON
| | - S. Fraser
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa QC
| | - L. Bherer
- Department of Medicine Université de Montréal and Montreal Heart Institute Montreal QC
| | - S. W. Muir‐Hunter
- Gait and Brain Lab Parkwood Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute University of Western Ontario London ON
- School of Physical Therapy University of Western Ontario University of Western Ontario ON Canada
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25
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Zhai K, Schindler T, Ottaviano A, Zhang H, Fallah D, Wells J, Parke E, Thompson MC. Thomson scattering systems on C-2W field-reversed configuration plasma experiment. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10C118. [PMID: 30399708 DOI: 10.1063/1.5037327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
TAE Technologies' newly constructed C-2W experiment aims to improve the ion and electron temperatures in a sustained field-reversed configuration plasma. A suite of Thomson scattering systems has been designed and constructed for electron temperature and density profile measurements. The systems are designed for electron densities of 1 × 1012 cm-3 to 2 × 1014 cm-3 and temperature ranges from 10 eV to 2 keV. The central system will provide profile measurements of Te and ne at 16 radial locations from r = -9 cm to r = 64 cm with a temporal resolution of 20 kHz for 4 pulses or 1 kHz for 30 pulses. The jet system will provide profile measurements of Te and ne at 5 radial locations in the open field region from r = -5 cm to r = 15 cm with a temporal resolution of 100 Hz. The central system and its components have been characterized, calibrated, installed, and commissioned. A maximum-likelihood algorithm has been applied for data processing and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zhai
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - T Schindler
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - A Ottaviano
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - H Zhang
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - D Fallah
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - J Wells
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - E Parke
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - M C Thompson
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
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26
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Deng BH, Rouillard M, Feng P, Beall M, Armstrong S, Castellanos J, Kinley J, Leinweber HK, Ottaviano A, Settles G, Snitchler G, Wells J, Ziaei S, Thompson M. Development of a three-wave far-infrared laser interferometry and polarimetry diagnostic system for the C-2W field-reversed configuration plasmas. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10B109. [PMID: 30399682 DOI: 10.1063/1.5036977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Great advancements in modern field-reversed configuration (FRC) experiments motivated the development of a 14-chord three-wave far infrared (FIR) laser interferometry and polarimetry diagnostic system, which can provide simultaneous high temporal resolution measurements of density and Faraday rotation profiles with high accuracy. The unique challenges facing FIR diagnostics in high beta FRC plasmas are the extremely small (<0.5°) Faraday rotation angles, and severe laser beam refraction effects due to high density gradient and choice of long wavelength. The diagnostic system design and development are described with methods to overcome the challenges, and initial experimental data are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Deng
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - M Rouillard
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - P Feng
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - M Beall
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - S Armstrong
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - J Castellanos
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - J Kinley
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - H K Leinweber
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - A Ottaviano
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - G Settles
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - G Snitchler
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - J Wells
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - S Ziaei
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - M Thompson
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
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27
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Wells J, Emery A, Pendlebury S. 3A COMPARISON OF THE AMTS VS MOCA IN OLDER PATIENTS ADMITTED TO ACUTE MEDICINE. Age Ageing 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afy122.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Wells
- University of Oxford Medical School; John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford
| | - A Emery
- University of Oxford Medical School; John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford
| | - S Pendlebury
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre and Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Oxford
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford
- Departments of Medicine and Geratology John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford
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28
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Barakzai SZ, Wells J, Parkin TDH, Cramp P. Overground endoscopic findings and respiratory sound analysis in horses with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy after unilateral laser ventriculocordectomy. Equine Vet J 2018; 51:185-191. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Wells
- Department of Music University of York Yorkshire UK
| | | | - P. Cramp
- Hambleton Equine Clinic Great Ayton North Yorkshire UK
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29
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Richards J, Stayton T, Wells J, Parikh A, Laurin E. 424 Night Shift Preparation, Recovery, and Perception: Are There Differences Between Faculty, Residents, and Nurses? Ann Emerg Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.07.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Krassas N, Wells J, Bell C, Woodhead M, Jones N. Presumed tuberculosis-associated uveitis: rising incidence and widening criteria for diagnosis in a non-endemic area. Eye (Lond) 2017; 32:87-92. [PMID: 28776591 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeTo assess the incidence, clinical ocular involvement and effectiveness of anti-tuberculous treatment in patients with chronic uveitis presumed to be associated with tuberculosis in a non-endemic community.Patients and methodsRetrospective case series of patients with uveitis and evidence of tuberculosis, with no other identified cause of uveitis, who underwent a 6-month course of standard anti-tuberculosis treatment between 2008 and 2015. The response to treatment was assessed at 6 and 12 months after initiation of treatment.ResultsForty-eight patients were included of whom 36 (75%) were born outside the United Kingdom. Only five had concurrent active pulmonary or nodal tuberculosis. There were 85 affected eyes, including 25 with granulomatous anterior uveitis, 32 with retinal vasculitis (occlusive in 21), and 20 with multifocal choroiditis or serpiginous-like retinochoroiditis. Gamma-interferon testing was positive in 95%. Complete resolution at end point was seen in only 60%, but a further 19% were inflammation-free on topical steroid only. Resolution was lower (50%) in those with panuveitis compared to other anatomical types (75%). Sixty-four eyes (75%) had a LogMAR visual acuity of 0.1 or better at the end of the study.ConclusionsThe incidence of presumed tuberculosis-associated uveitis (TBU) has almost quadrupled in this region. The efficacy of treatment has not been enhanced by the introduction of gamma-interferon testing to support diagnosis. Some patients may require more prolonged antibiotic therapy to ensure quiescence, but chronic non-infective anterior uveitis may in any case follow treated TBU.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Krassas
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - J Wells
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - C Bell
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - M Woodhead
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Medical Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - N Jones
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Medical Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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31
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Shukri NHM, Wells J, Mukhtar F, Lee MHS, Fewtrell M. Study protocol: An investigation of mother-infant signalling during breastfeeding using a randomised trial to test the effectiveness of breastfeeding relaxation therapy on maternal psychological state, breast milk production and infant behaviour and growth. Int Breastfeed J 2017; 12:33. [PMID: 28725257 PMCID: PMC5512827 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-017-0124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The physiological and psychological signalling between mother and infant during lactation is one of the prominent mother-infant factors that may influence breastfeeding outcomes. The infant can ‘signal’ his needs through vocalisation, and the mother can respond by allowing or restricting nipple access, which might alter the breast milk composition or volume. This may lead to parent-offspring conflict during the lactation period. Challenging infant behaviour has also been associated with maternal psychological distress, which might affect breastfeeding performance. Most attempts to improve breastfeeding rates focus on providing additional support, yet many aspects of the breastfeeding process are poorly understood. Thus, our objective is to investigate mother-infant signalling during breastfeeding by manipulating maternal psychological state using a relaxation therapy intervention. The study will test the hypothesis that mothers who listen to the therapy will be more relaxed/less stressed and this will favourably alter breast milk composition and/or affect milk volume and hence influence infant outcomes. Methods A randomised controlled trial will be conducted in first-time breastfeeding mothers and their new-born infants. Pregnant mothers will be recruited at antenatal clinics in Selangor, Malaysia, and four home visits will be carried out at 2, 6, 12 and 14 weeks postnatally. Participants will be randomised into a control and an intervention group in the early post-partum period. Mothers from the intervention group will be asked to listen daily to an audio recording with relaxation therapy during breastfeeding. Maternal psychological state, breastfeeding practices and infant behaviour will be assessed using validated questionnaires. Milk volume will be measured using stable isotopes. Breast milk samples will be collected to measure macronutrient content and hormone levels. Anthropometric measurements (weight, length and head circumference) will be performed during all home visits, including body composition at week 14. Discussion The main outcomes will be the effect of the intervention on maternal psychological state, milk production, cortisol levels, and infant behaviour and growth. Secondary outcomes will be associations between breast milk composition and infant appetite and growth. This study aims to provide a greater understanding of maternal-infant factors which influence breastfeeding outcomes and which may be useful targets for future interventions. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01971216.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H M Shukri
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, WC1N 1EH, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.,Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - J Wells
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, WC1N 1EH, London, UK
| | - F Mukhtar
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - M H S Lee
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.,Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - M Fewtrell
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, WC1N 1EH, London, UK
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32
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Amole C, Ardid M, Arnquist IJ, Asner DM, Baxter D, Behnke E, Bhattacharjee P, Borsodi H, Bou-Cabo M, Campion P, Cao G, Chen CJ, Chowdhury U, Clark K, Collar JI, Cooper PS, Crisler M, Crowder G, Dahl CE, Das M, Fallows S, Farine J, Felis I, Filgas R, Girard F, Giroux G, Hall J, Harris O, Hoppe EW, Jin M, Krauss CB, Laurin M, Lawson I, Leblanc A, Levine I, Lippincott WH, Mamedov F, Maurya D, Mitra P, Nania T, Neilson R, Noble AJ, Olson S, Ortega A, Plante A, Podviyanuk R, Priya S, Robinson AE, Roeder A, Rucinski R, Scallon O, Seth S, Sonnenschein A, Starinski N, Štekl I, Tardif F, Vázquez-Jáuregui E, Wells J, Wichoski U, Yan Y, Zacek V, Zhang J. Dark Matter Search Results from the PICO-60 C_{3}F_{8} Bubble Chamber. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:251301. [PMID: 28696731 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.251301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
New results are reported from the operation of the PICO-60 dark matter detector, a bubble chamber filled with 52 kg of C_{3}F_{8} located in the SNOLAB underground laboratory. As in previous PICO bubble chambers, PICO-60 C_{3}F_{8} exhibits excellent electron recoil and alpha decay rejection, and the observed multiple-scattering neutron rate indicates a single-scatter neutron background of less than one event per month. A blind analysis of an efficiency-corrected 1167-kg day exposure at a 3.3-keV thermodynamic threshold reveals no single-scattering nuclear recoil candidates, consistent with the predicted background. These results set the most stringent direct-detection constraint to date on the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP)-proton spin-dependent cross section at 3.4×10^{-41} cm^{2} for a 30-GeV c^{-2} WIMP, more than 1 order of magnitude improvement from previous PICO results.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Amole
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - M Ardid
- Departament de Física Aplicada, IGIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Gandia 46730 Spain
| | - I J Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - D M Asner
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - D Baxter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Behnke
- Department of Physics, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, Indiana 46634, USA
| | - P Bhattacharjee
- Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - H Borsodi
- Department of Physics, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, Indiana 46634, USA
| | - M Bou-Cabo
- Departament de Física Aplicada, IGIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Gandia 46730 Spain
| | - P Campion
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - G Cao
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - C J Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - U Chowdhury
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - K Clark
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | - J I Collar
- Enrico Fermi Institute, KICP and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - P S Cooper
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Crisler
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Crowder
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - C E Dahl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Das
- Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - S Fallows
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - J Farine
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - I Felis
- Departament de Física Aplicada, IGIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Gandia 46730 Spain
| | - R Filgas
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Cz-12800, Czech Republic
| | - F Girard
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - G Giroux
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - J Hall
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - O Harris
- Department of Physics, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, Indiana 46634, USA
- Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, Illinois 60625, USA
| | - E W Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M Jin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - C B Krauss
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - M Laurin
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - I Lawson
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | - A Leblanc
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - I Levine
- Department of Physics, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, Indiana 46634, USA
| | - W H Lippincott
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - F Mamedov
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Cz-12800, Czech Republic
| | - D Maurya
- Bio-Inspired Materials and Devices Laboratory (BMDL), Center for Energy Harvesting Material and Systems (CEHMS), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - P Mitra
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - T Nania
- Department of Physics, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, Indiana 46634, USA
| | - R Neilson
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - A J Noble
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - S Olson
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - A Ortega
- Enrico Fermi Institute, KICP and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A Plante
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - R Podviyanuk
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - S Priya
- Bio-Inspired Materials and Devices Laboratory (BMDL), Center for Energy Harvesting Material and Systems (CEHMS), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - A E Robinson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Roeder
- Department of Physics, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, Indiana 46634, USA
| | - R Rucinski
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - O Scallon
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - S Seth
- Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - A Sonnenschein
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - N Starinski
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - I Štekl
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Cz-12800, Czech Republic
| | - F Tardif
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - E Vázquez-Jáuregui
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D. F. 01000, Mexico
| | - J Wells
- Department of Physics, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, Indiana 46634, USA
| | - U Wichoski
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Y Yan
- Bio-Inspired Materials and Devices Laboratory (BMDL), Center for Energy Harvesting Material and Systems (CEHMS), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - V Zacek
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Pringle TD, Segers J, Wells J, Detweiler R, Rekaya R, Gilleland H, Thinguldstad B. The Impact of Selection Using Residual Average Daily Gain and Marbling Epds on Growth Performance and Carcass Traits in Angus Cattle. Meat and Muscle Biology 2017. [DOI: 10.22175/rmc2017.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Horgan AM, Darling G, Wong R, Guindi M, Liu G, Jonker DJ, Lister J, Xu W, MacKay HM, Dinniwell R, Kim J, Pierre A, Shargall Y, Asmis TR, Agboola O, Seely AJ, Ringash J, Wells J, Marginean EC, Haider M, Knox JJ. Adjuvant sunitinib following chemoradiotherapy and surgery for locally advanced esophageal cancer: a phase II trial. Dis Esophagus 2016; 29:1152-1158. [PMID: 26663741 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis for locally advanced esophageal cancer is poor despite the use of trimodality therapy. In this phase II study, we report the feasibility, tolerability and efficacy of adjuvant sunitinib. Included were patients with stage IIa, IIB or III cancer of the thoracic esophagus or gastroesophageal junction. Neoadjuvant therapy involved Irinotecan (65 mg/m2 ) + Cisplatin (30 mg/m2 ) on weeks 1 and 2, 4 and 5, 7 and 8 with concurrent radiation (50Gy/25 fractions) on weeks 4-8. Sunitinib was commenced 4-13 weeks after surgery and continued for one year. Sixty-one patients were included in the final analysis, 36 patients commenced adjuvant sunitinib. Fourteen patients discontinued sunitinib due to disease recurrence (39%) within the 12-month period, 12 (33%) discontinued due to toxicity, and 3 (8%) requested cessation of therapy. In the overall population, median survival was 26 months with a 2 and 3-year survival rate of 52% and 35%, respectively. The median survival for the 36 patients treated with sunitinib was 35 months and 2-year survival probability of 68%. In a historical control, a prior phase II study with the same trimodality therapy (n = 43), median survival was 36 months, with a 2-year survival of 67%. Initiation of adjuvant sunitinib is feasible, but poorly tolerated, with no signal of additional benefit over trimodality therapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Horgan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret and Toronto General Hospitals, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Darling
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Princess Margaret and Toronto General Hospitals, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret and Toronto General Hospitals, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Guindi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - G Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret and Toronto General Hospitals, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D J Jonker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Lister
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Princess Margaret and Toronto General Hospitals, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret and Toronto General Hospitals, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H M MacKay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret and Toronto General Hospitals, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Dinniwell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret and Toronto General Hospitals, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret and Toronto General Hospitals, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Pierre
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Princess Margaret and Toronto General Hospitals, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Y Shargall
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - T R Asmis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - O Agboola
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - A J Seely
- Department of Pathology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Ringash
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret and Toronto General Hospitals, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Wells
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - E C Marginean
- Department of Pathology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Haider
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret and Toronto General Hospitals, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J J Knox
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret and Toronto General Hospitals, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Cruickshank MN, Ford J, Cheung LC, Heng J, Singh S, Wells J, Failes TW, Arndt GM, Smithers N, Prinjha RK, Anderson D, Carter KW, Gout AM, Lassmann T, O'Reilly J, Cole CH, Kotecha RS, Kees UR. Systematic chemical and molecular profiling of MLL-rearranged infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia reveals efficacy of romidepsin. Leukemia 2016; 31:40-50. [PMID: 27443263 PMCID: PMC5220136 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To address the poor prognosis of mixed lineage leukemia (MLL)-rearranged infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (iALL), we generated a panel of cell lines from primary patient samples and investigated cytotoxic responses to contemporary and novel Food and Drug Administration-approved chemotherapeutics. To characterize representation of primary disease within cell lines, molecular features were compared using RNA-sequencing and cytogenetics. High-throughput screening revealed variable efficacy of currently used drugs, however identified consistent efficacy of three novel drug classes: proteasome inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Gene expression of drug targets was highly reproducible comparing iALL cell lines to matched primary specimens. Histone deacetylase inhibitors, including romidepsin (ROM), enhanced the activity of a key component of iALL therapy, cytarabine (ARAC) in vitro and combined administration of ROM and ARAC to xenografted mice further reduced leukemia burden. Molecular studies showed that ROM reduces expression of cytidine deaminase, an enzyme involved in ARAC deactivation, and enhances the DNA damage-response to ARAC. In conclusion, we present a valuable resource for drug discovery, including the first systematic analysis of transcriptome reproducibility in vitro, and have identified ROM as a promising therapeutic for MLL-rearranged iALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Cruickshank
- Division of Children's Leukaemia and Cancer Research, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - J Ford
- Division of Children's Leukaemia and Cancer Research, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - L C Cheung
- Division of Children's Leukaemia and Cancer Research, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - J Heng
- Division of Children's Leukaemia and Cancer Research, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - S Singh
- Division of Children's Leukaemia and Cancer Research, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - J Wells
- Division of Children's Leukaemia and Cancer Research, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - T W Failes
- ACRF Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood Cancer, Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - G M Arndt
- ACRF Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood Cancer, Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - N Smithers
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - R K Prinjha
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - D Anderson
- Centre for Biostatistics, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - K W Carter
- McCusker Charitable Foundation Bioinformatics Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - A M Gout
- McCusker Charitable Foundation Bioinformatics Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - T Lassmann
- McCusker Charitable Foundation Bioinformatics Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - J O'Reilly
- Department of Haematology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia.,School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - C H Cole
- Division of Children's Leukaemia and Cancer Research, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Haematology and Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - R S Kotecha
- Division of Children's Leukaemia and Cancer Research, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Haematology and Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - U R Kees
- Division of Children's Leukaemia and Cancer Research, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Carver D, Willis C, Stauduhar P, Nishino T, Wells J, Samei E. TU-FG-209-07: Medical Physics 1.0 Versus Medical Physics 2.0: A Case Study. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Muir-Hunter SW, Fat GL, Mackenzie R, Wells J, Montero-Odasso M. Defining Rehabilitation Success in Older Adults with Dementia--Results from an Inpatient Geriatric Rehabilitation Unit. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:439-45. [PMID: 26999245 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the magnitude of functional recovery in older adults with and without dementia admitted to an inpatient geriatric rehabilitation program by measuring change in measures of global physical function and physical therapy treatment outcomes. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Rehabilitation academic hospital. PARTICIPANTS Consecutive subjects, with (N=65, age 81.9±6.0 y) and without (N=157, age 82.8±7.2 y) a dementia diagnosis, had assessment data at admission and discharge from inpatient geriatric rehabilitation unit. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MEASUREMENTS The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) was used to estimate level of independence on activities of daily living. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) and 2 Minute Walk Test (2MWT) were used to estimate functional mobility and endurance. The FIM (total, motor subscale, cognitive subscale scores) were used to calculate rehabilitation efficacy and efficiency scores. RESULTS After controlling for confounding, there was no group difference for gains on the BBS, TUG, 2MWT; there was no group difference on rehabilitation efficacy and efficiency values based on the FIM motor subscale. The magnitude of the rehabilitation gain using the total FIM score was statistically different between groups, people with dementia having smaller gains. CONCLUSION Older adults with a diagnosis of dementia are capable of making motor function recovery during inpatient sub-acute rehabilitation comparable to their peers without a dementia diagnosis. The metric used to evaluate functional recovery influences the determination of rehabilitation success between groups. Rehabilitation success should be defined among people with a dementia diagnosis by a change in the motor subscale of the FIM, rather than the total FIM score or the gain relative to the maximal FIM score.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Muir-Hunter
- Dr. Susan Hunter, University of Western Ontario, School of Physical Therapy, Room 1588, Elborn College, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 1H1, Phone: 519-661-2111 ext 88845,
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Willis C, Willis C, Nishino T, Wells J, Wilson J, Samei E. WE-G-204-09: Medical Physics 2.0 in Practice: Automated QC Assessment of Clinical Chest Images. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4926093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Wells J, Christensen J, Samei E. TH-AB-201-12: A Consumer Report for Mobile Digital Radiography: A Holistic Comparative Evaluation Across Four Systems. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4926196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Wells J, Zhang L, Samei E. WE-G-204-07: Automated Characterization of Perceptual Quality of Clinical Chest Radiographs: Improvements in Lung, Spine, and Hardware Detection. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4926091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Amole C, Ardid M, Asner DM, Baxter D, Behnke E, Bhattacharjee P, Borsodi H, Bou-Cabo M, Brice SJ, Broemmelsiek D, Clark K, Collar JI, Cooper PS, Crisler M, Dahl CE, Das M, Debris F, Dhungana N, Farine J, Felis I, Filgas R, Fines-Neuschild M, Girard F, Giroux G, Hai M, Hall J, Harris O, Jackson CM, Jin M, Krauss C, Lafrenière M, Laurin M, Lawson I, Levine I, Lippincott WH, Mann E, Martin JP, Maurya D, Mitra P, Neilson R, Noble AJ, Plante A, Podviyanuk R, Priya S, Robinson AE, Ruschman M, Scallon O, Seth S, Sonnenschein A, Starinski N, Štekl I, Vázquez-Jáuregui E, Wells J, Wichoski U, Zacek V, Zhang J. PICASSO, COUPP and PICO - search for dark matter with bubble chambers. EPJ Web of Conferences 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20159504020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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43
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Dobrowolska B, McGonagle I, Jackson C, Kane R, Cabrera E, Cooney-Miner D, Di Cara V, Pajnkihar M, Prlić N, Sigurdardottir AK, Kekuš D, Wells J, Palese A. Clinical practice models in nursing education: implication for students' mobility. Int Nurs Rev 2015; 62:36-46. [PMID: 25559068 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In accordance with the process of nursing globalization, issues related to the increasing national and international mobility of student and qualified nurses are currently being debated. Identifying international differences and comparing similarities for mutual understanding, development and better harmonization of clinical training of undergraduate nursing students is recommended. AIMS The aim of the study was to describe and compare the nature of the nursing clinical practice education models adopted in different countries. METHODS A qualitative approach involving an expert panel of nurses was adopted. The Nominal Group Technique was employed to develop the initial research instrument for data collection. Eleven members of the UDINE-C network, representing institutions engaged in the process of professional nursing education and research (universities, high schools and clinical institutes), participated. Three data collection rounds were implemented. An analysis of the findings was performed, assuring rigour. RESULTS Differences and homogeneity are reported and discussed regarding: (a) the clinical learning requirements across countries; (b) the prerequisites and clinical learning process patterns; and (c) the progress and final evaluation of the competencies achieved. CONCLUSIONS A wider discussion is needed regarding nursing student exchange and internalization of clinical education in placements across European and non-European countries. A clear strategy for nursing education accreditation and harmonization of patterns of organization of clinical training at placements, as well as strategies of student assessment during this training, are recommended. There is also a need to develop international ethical guidelines for undergraduate nursing students gaining international experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dobrowolska
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Wells J, Wilson J, Zhang Y, Samei E, Ravin CE. SU-E-I-94: Automated Image Quality Assessment of Radiographic Systems Using An Anthropomorphic Phantom. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if a change in antibiotic prophylaxis for routine hip and knee replacement was associated with an increased risk of acute renal impairment. We identified 238 patients (128 knees and 110 hips) who had received a single prophylactic dose of 1.5 g cefuroxime before joint replacement. We compared them with prospectively collected data from 254 patients (117 knees and 137 hips) who received a single prophylactic dose of 2 g flucloxacillin and a height- and gender-determined dose of gentamicin. The primary outcome measure was any new renal impairment as graded by clinically validated criteria. We identified four patients (1.69%) in the cefuroxime group who developed renal impairment. All four had mild impairment and all renal function was normal by the third post-operative day. The incidence of new-onset renal impairment was significantly higher in the flucloxacillin-and-gentamicin group at 9.45% (24 patients) (p < 0.001). Three of these patients remained with acute renal impairment after a week, although the serum creatinine levels in all subsequently returned to normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bailey
- Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 84 Castle Street, Glasgow, G4 0SF, UK
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Wells J, Segars P, Dobbins J. TH-A-103-10: Improved Segmentation of Low-Contrast Fibroglandular Structures in High-Noise Breast CT Volumes for XCAT Modeling. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4815727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Machhada A, Marina N, Wells J, Lythgoe M, Gourine A. 256 NEW EVIDENCE FOR VAGAL CONTROL OF THE LEFT HEART. Heart 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304019.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Reichert F, Halllal P, Wells J, Horta B, Ekelund U, Menezes A. Objectively measured physical activity in the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Walker-Samuel S, Ramasawmy R, Wells J, Siow B, Johnson S, Pedley R, Lythgoe M. 397 Non-invasive Measurement of Tumour Interstitial Fluid Pressure Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wells J, Dobbins J. TU-A-218-01: Estimation of the 2-D Presampled MTF of a Digital Flat Panel Detector Using an Edge Test Device. Med Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4735895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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