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Bégin P, Chan ES, Kim H, Wagner M, Cellier MS, Favron-Godbout C, Abrams EM, Ben-Shoshan M, Cameron SB, Carr S, Fischer D, Haynes A, Kapur S, Primeau MN, Upton J, Vander Leek TK, Goetghebeur MM. CSACI guidelines for the ethical, evidence-based and patient-oriented clinical practice of oral immunotherapy in IgE-mediated food allergy. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2020; 16:20. [PMID: 32206067 PMCID: PMC7079444 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-020-0413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is an emerging approach to the treatment of patients with IgE-mediated food allergy and is in the process of transitioning to clinical practice. Objective To develop patient-oriented clinical practice guidelines on oral immunotherapy based on evidence and ethical imperatives for the provision of safe and efficient food allergy management. Materials and methods Recommendations were developed using a reflective patient-centered multicriteria approach including 22 criteria organized in five dimensions (clinical, populational, economic, organizational and sociopolitical). Data was obtained from: (1) a review of scientific and ethic literature; (2) consultations of allergists, other healthcare professionals (pediatricians, family physicians, nurses, registered dieticians, psychologists, peer supporters), patients and caregivers; and patient associations through structured consultative panels, interviews and on-line questionnaire; and (3) organizational and economic data from the milieu of care. All data was synthesized by criteria in a multicriteria deliberative guide that served as a platform for structured discussion and development of recommendations for each dimension, based on evidence, ethical imperatives and other considerations. Results The deliberative grid included 162 articles from the literature and media reviews and data from consultations involving 85 individuals. Thirty-eight (38) recommendations were made for the practice of oral immunotherapy for the treatment of IgE mediated food allergy, based on evidence and a diversity of ethical imperatives. All recommendations were aimed at fostering a context conducive to achieving objectives identified by patients and caregivers with food allergy. Notably, specific recommendations were developed to promote a culture of shared responsibility between patients and healthcare system, equity in access, patient empowerment, shared decision making and personalization of OIT protocols to reflect patients' needs. It also provides recommendations to optimize organization of care to generate capacity to meet demand according to patient choice, e.g. OIT or avoidance. These recommendations were made acknowledging the necessity of ensuring sustainability of the clinical offer in light of various economic considerations. Conclusions This innovative CPG methodology was guided by patients' perspectives, clinical evidence as well as ethical and other rationales. This allowed for the creation of a broad set of recommendations that chart optimal clinical practice and define the conditions required to bring about changes to food allergy care that will be sustainable, equitable and conducive to the well-being of all patients in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bégin
- 1Division of Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Centre, Montreal, QC Canada.,2Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada.,3Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - E S Chan
- 4Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - H Kim
- 5Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON Canada.,6Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - M Wagner
- 7Unit Methods, Ethics and Participation, INESSS, National Institute for Excellence in Health and Social Services, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - M S Cellier
- 3Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - C Favron-Godbout
- 8Department of Bioethics, School of Public Health of the University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - E M Abrams
- 9Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - M Ben-Shoshan
- 10Division of Allergy Immunology and Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - S B Cameron
- 4Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC Canada.,Community Allergy Clinic, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - S Carr
- 12Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - D Fischer
- 5Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - A Haynes
- 13Discipline of Pediatrics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL Canada
| | - S Kapur
- 14Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - M N Primeau
- 15Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, CISSS Laval, Laval, QC Canada
| | - J Upton
- 16Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - T K Vander Leek
- 12Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - M M Goetghebeur
- 7Unit Methods, Ethics and Participation, INESSS, National Institute for Excellence in Health and Social Services, Montreal, QC Canada
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Manning G, Hendry B, Taylor S, Jones W, Strader M, Bencomo T, Bailey L, Bedolla C, Roldan C, Moudiotis B, Vaidya C, Anning S, Bunce S, Estcourt E, Folland E, Gordon C, Harrill J, Ireland J, Piper L, Scaife K, Sutton S, Wilkins M, Costelloe J, Palmer L, Casas C, Miller M, Burgard C, Erickson J, Hallanger-Johnson P, Clark W, Taylor A, Lafferty S, Gillett C, Nolan M, Pathak L, Sondrol T, Hjelle S, Hafner J, Kotrba R, Hendrickson A, Cemeroglu T, Symington M, Daniel Y, Appiagyei-Dankah D, Postellon M, Racine L, Kleis K, Barnes S, Godwin H, McCullough K, Shaheen G, Buck L, Noel M, Warren S, Weber S, Parker I, Gillespie B, Nelson C, Frost J, Amrhein E, Moreland A, Hayes J, Peggram J, Aisenberg M, Riordan J, Zasa E, Cummings K, Scott T, Pinto A, Mokashi K, McAssey E, Helden P, Hammond L, Dinning S, Rahman S, Ray C, Dimicri S, Guppy H, Nielsen C, Vogel C, Ariza L, Morales Y, Chang R, Gabbay L, Ambrocio L, Manley R, Nemery W, Charlton P, Smith L, Kerr B, Steindel-Kopp M, Alamaguer D, Liljenquist G, Browning T, Coughenour M, Sulk E, Tsalikan M, Tansey J, Cabbage N. Identical and Nonidentical Twins: Risk and Factors Involved in Development of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:192-199. [PMID: 30061316 PMCID: PMC6341285 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are variable reports of risk of concordance for progression to islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes in identical twins after one twin is diagnosed. We examined development of positive autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes and the effects of genetic factors and common environment on autoantibody positivity in identical twins, nonidentical twins, and full siblings. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects from the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study (N = 48,026) were screened from 2004 to 2015 for islet autoantibodies (GAD antibody [GADA], insulinoma-associated antigen 2 [IA-2A], and autoantibodies against insulin [IAA]). Of these subjects, 17,226 (157 identical twins, 283 nonidentical twins, and 16,786 full siblings) were followed for autoantibody positivity or type 1 diabetes for a median of 2.1 years. RESULTS At screening, identical twins were more likely to have positive GADA, IA-2A, and IAA than nonidentical twins or full siblings (all P < 0.0001). Younger age, male sex, and genetic factors were significant factors for expression of IA-2A, IAA, one or more positive autoantibodies, and two or more positive autoantibodies (all P ≤ 0.03). Initially autoantibody-positive identical twins had a 69% risk of diabetes by 3 years compared with 1.5% for initially autoantibody-negative identical twins. In nonidentical twins, type 1 diabetes risk by 3 years was 72% for initially multiple autoantibody-positive, 13% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0% for initially autoantibody-negative nonidentical twins. Full siblings had a 3-year type 1 diabetes risk of 47% for multiple autoantibody-positive, 12% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0.5% for initially autoantibody-negative subjects. CONCLUSIONS Risk of type 1 diabetes at 3 years is high for initially multiple and single autoantibody-positive identical twins and multiple autoantibody-positive nonidentical twins. Genetic predisposition, age, and male sex are significant risk factors for development of positive autoantibodies in twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M. Triolo
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Alexandra Fouts
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Liping Yu
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Peter A. Gottlieb
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Andrea K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Moore G, Redman S, Butow P, Haynes A. Deconstructing knowledge brokering for commissioned rapid reviews: an observational study. Health Res Policy Syst 2018; 16:120. [PMID: 30541561 PMCID: PMC6292028 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-018-0389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge brokers are increasingly used by policy agencies, yet little is known about how they engage with policy-makers and facilitate discussions with them about their research needs. This study examines knowledge brokers’ behaviour in one-off interactions with policy-makers commissioning rapid reviews. It describes how knowledge brokers engage with policy-makers, build trust and gain agreement about the review’s parameters. Methods We observed and transcribed 15 structured knowledge brokering sessions and used line-by-line analysis to derive, test and refine a coding schedule. The final coding schedule was applied to all transcripts. We assigned 35 codes to three tasks identified in the data, namely eliciting information, exploring the policy context and negotiating the content of reviews. Results The knowledge brokers we observed were skilled facilitators who built trust by their open stance, neutrality, and knowledge of research and policy contexts. Trust engendered an interplay of expertise in which review questions and scope were clarified and contextual factors evaluated. Negotiation about the content of the review focused on understanding how it would contribute to the policy process, comparing options and assessing feasibility. Key functions of knowledge brokers included eliciting and clarifying information, linking the review questions to the context and purpose, moving fluidly between policy and research perspectives, and weighing up review options against policy objectives. Four knowledge brokering roles were identified, namely diagnostic, facilitative, deliberative and interpretative. Conclusions This study identified ways in which knowledge brokers established rapport with policy-makers who commissioned reviews, enabled disclosure of essential information and explored contextual factors that affected the review’s purpose and intended use. Knowledge brokers were competent in the discourse and conventions of both policy and research and were skilled in negotiating complex policy and political environments, assisting policy-makers to evaluate options and craft a review proposal that was targeted, responsive and feasible. Mutuality, respect and an interplay of expertise were integral to the knowledge brokering process. Future research might usefully examine whether other rapid review programmes using knowledge brokers have similar results as well as the transferability of the four knowledge brokering roles to other contexts and settings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12961-018-0389-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Moore
- The Sax Institute, PO Box K617, Haymarket NSW 1240, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia. .,School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building (A27), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - S Redman
- The Sax Institute, PO Box K617, Haymarket NSW 1240, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.,School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building (A27), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - P Butow
- Centre for Medical Psychology & Evidence-based Decision-making (CeMPED), Level 6 North, The Lifehouse, The University of Sydney, 119-143 Missenden Rd (C39Z), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - A Haynes
- The Sax Institute, PO Box K617, Haymarket NSW 1240, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.,School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building (A27), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Redondo MJ, Geyer S, Steck AK, Sharp S, Wentworth JM, Weedon MN, Antinozzi P, Sosenko J, Atkinson M, Pugliese A, Oram RA, Antinozzi P, Atkinson M, Battaglia M, Becker D, Bingley P, Bosi E, Buckner J, Colman P, Gottlieb P, Herold K, Insel R, Kay T, Knip M, Marks J, Moran A, Palmer J, Peakman M, Philipson L, Pugliese A, Raskin P, Rodriguez H, Roep B, Russell W, Schatz D, Wherrett D, Wilson D, Winter W, Ziegler A, Benoist C, Blum J, Chase P, Clare-Salzler M, Clynes R, Eisenbarth G, Fathman C, Grave G, Hering B, Kaufman F, Leschek E, Mahon J, Nanto-Salonen K, Nepom G, Orban T, Parkman R, Pescovitz M, Peyman J, Roncarolo M, Simell O, Sherwin R, Siegelman M, Steck A, Thomas J, Trucco M, Wagner J, Greenbaum ,CJ, Bourcier K, Insel R, Krischer JP, Leschek E, Rafkin L, Spain L, Cowie C, Foulkes M, Krause-Steinrauf H, Lachin JM, Malozowski S, Peyman J, Ridge J, Savage P, Skyler JS, Zafonte SJ, Kenyon NS, Santiago I, Sosenko JM, Bundy B, Abbondondolo M, Adams T, Amado D, Asif I, Boonstra M, Bundy B, Burroughs C, Cuthbertson D, Deemer M, Eberhard C, Fiske S, Ford J, Garmeson J, Guillette H, Browning G, Coughenour T, Sulk M, Tsalikan E, Tansey M, Cabbage J, Dixit N, Pasha S, King M, Adcock K, Geyer S, Atterberry H, Fox L, Englert K, Mauras N, Permuy J, Sikes K, Berhe T, Guendling B, McLennan L, Paganessi L, Hays B, Murphy C, Draznin M, Kamboj M, Sheppard S, Lewis V, Coates L, Moore W, Babar G, Bedard J, Brenson-Hughes D, Henderson C, Cernich J, Clements M, Duprau R, Goodman S, Hester L, Huerta-Saenz L, Karmazin A, Letjen T, Raman S, Morin D, Henry M, Bestermann W, Morawski E, White J, Brockmyer A, Bays R, Campbell S, Stapleton A, Stone N, Donoho A, Everett H, Heyman K, Hensley H, Johnson M, Marshall C, Skirvin N, Taylor P, Williams R, Ray L, Wolverton C, Nickels D, Dothard C, Hsiao B, Speiser P, Pellizzari M, Bokor L, Izuora K, Abdelnour S, Cummings P, Paynor S, Leahy M, Riedl M, Shockley S, Karges C, Saad R, Briones T, Casella S, Herz C, Walsh K, Greening J, Hay F, Hunt S, Sikotra N, Simons L, Keaton N, Karounos D, Oremus R, Dye L, Myers L, Ballard D, Miers W, Sparks R, Thraikill K, Edwards K, Fowlkes J, Kinderman A, Kemp S, Morales A, Holland L, Johnson L, Paul P, Ghatak A, Phelen K, Leyland H, Henderson T, Brenner D, Law P, Oppenheimer E, Mamkin I, Moniz C, Clarson C, Lovell M, Peters A, Ruelas V, Borut D, Burt D, Jordan M, Leinbach A, Castilla S, Flores P, Ruiz M, Hanson L, Green-Blair J, Sheridan R, Wintergerst K, Pierce G, Omoruyi A, Foster M, Linton C, Kingery S, Lunsford A, Cervantes I, Parker T, Price P, Urben J, Doughty I, Haydock H, Parker V, Bergman P, Liu S, Duncum S, Rodda C, Thomas A, Ferry R, McCommon D, Cockroft J, Perelman A, Calendo R, Barrera C, Arce-Nunez E, Lloyd J, Martinez Y, De la Portilla M, Cardenas I, Garrido L, Villar M, Lorini R, Calandra E, D’Annuzio G, Perri K, Minuto N, Malloy J, Rebora C, Callegari R, Ali O, Kramer J, Auble B, Cabrera S, Donohoue P, Fiallo-Scharer R, Hessner M, Wolfgram P, Maddox K, Kansra A, Bettin N, 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Espinoza O, Frank E, Liu J, Perry J, Pyle R, Rigby A, Riley K, Soto A, Gitelman S, Adi S, Anderson M, Berhel A, Breen K, Fraser K, Gerard-Gonzalez A, Jossan P, Lustig R, Moassesfar S, Mugg A, Ng D, Prahalod P, Rangel-Lugo M, Sanda S, Tarkoff J, Torok C, Wesch R, Aslan I, Buchanan J, Cordier J, Hamilton C, Hawkins L, Ho T, Jain A, Ko K, Lee T, Phelps S, Rosenthal S, Sahakitrungruang T, Stehl L, Taylor L, Wertz M, Wong J, Philipson L, Briars R, Devine N, Littlejohn E, Grant T, Gottlieb P, Klingensmith G, Steck A, Alkanani A, Bautista K, Bedoy R, Blau A, Burke B, Cory L, Dang M, Fitzgerald-Miller L, Fouts A, Gage V, Garg S, Gesauldo P, Gutin R, Hayes C, Hoffman M, Ketchum K, Logsden-Sackett N, Maahs D, Messer L, Meyers L, Michels A, Peacock S, Rewers M, Rodriguez P, Sepulbeda F, Sippl R, Steck A, Taki I, Tran BK, Tran T, Wadwa RP, Zeitler P, Barker J, Barry S, Birks L, Bomsburger L, Bookert T, Briggs L, Burdick P, Cabrera R, Chase P, Cobry E, Conley A, Cook G, Daniels J, DiDomenico D, 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Trunnel S, Transue D, Surhigh J, Bezzaire D, Moltz K, Zacharski E, Henske J, Desai S, Frizelis K, Khan F, Sjoberg R, Allen K, Manning P, Hendry G, Taylor B, Jones S, Couch R, Danchak R, Lieberman D, Strader W, Bencomo M, Bailey T, Bedolla L, Roldan C, Moudiotis C, Vaidya B, Anning C, Bunce S, Estcourt S, Folland E, Gordon E, Harrill C, Ireland J, Piper J, Scaife L, Sutton K, Wilkins S, Costelloe M, Palmer J, Casas L, Miller C, Burgard M, Erickson C, Hallanger-Johnson J, Clark P, Taylor W, Galgani J, Banerjee S, Banda C, McEowen D, Kinman R, Lafferty A, Gillett S, Nolan C, Pathak M, Sondrol L, Hjelle T, Hafner S, Kotrba J, Hendrickson R, Cemeroglu A, Symington T, Daniel M, Appiagyei-Dankah Y, Postellon D, Racine M, Kleis L, Barnes K, Godwin S, McCullough H, Shaheen K, Buck G, Noel L, Warren M, Weber S, Parker S, Gillespie I, Nelson B, Frost C, Amrhein J, Moreland E, Hayes A, Peggram J, Aisenberg J, Riordan M, Zasa J, Cummings E, Scott K, Pinto T, Mokashi A, McAssey K, Helden E, Hammond P, Dinning L, Rahman S, Ray S, Dimicri C, Guppy S, Nielsen H, Vogel C, Ariza C, Morales L, Chang Y, Gabbay R, Ambrocio L, Manley L, Nemery R, Charlton W, Smith P, Kerr L, Steindel-Kopp B, Alamaguer M, Tabisola-Nuesca E, Pendersen A, Larson N, Cooper-Olviver H, Chan D, Fitz-Patrick D, Carreira T, Park Y, Ruhaak R, Liljenquist D. A Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Predicts Progression of Islet Autoimmunity and Development of Type 1 Diabetes in Individuals at Risk. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:1887-1894. [PMID: 30002199 PMCID: PMC6105323 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the ability of a type 1 diabetes (T1D) genetic risk score (GRS) to predict progression of islet autoimmunity and T1D in at-risk individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied the 1,244 TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study participants (T1D patients' relatives without diabetes and with one or more positive autoantibodies) who were genotyped with Illumina ImmunoChip (median [range] age at initial autoantibody determination 11.1 years [1.2-51.8], 48% male, 80.5% non-Hispanic white, median follow-up 5.4 years). Of 291 participants with a single positive autoantibody at screening, 157 converted to multiple autoantibody positivity and 55 developed diabetes. Of 953 participants with multiple positive autoantibodies at screening, 419 developed diabetes. We calculated the T1D GRS from 30 T1D-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. We used multivariable Cox regression models, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, and area under the curve (AUC) measures to evaluate prognostic utility of T1D GRS, age, sex, Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 (DPT-1) Risk Score, positive autoantibody number or type, HLA DR3/DR4-DQ8 status, and race/ethnicity. We used recursive partitioning analyses to identify cut points in continuous variables. RESULTS Higher T1D GRS significantly increased the rate of progression to T1D adjusting for DPT-1 Risk Score, age, number of positive autoantibodies, sex, and ethnicity (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29 for a 0.05 increase, 95% CI 1.06-1.6; P = 0.011). Progression to T1D was best predicted by a combined model with GRS, number of positive autoantibodies, DPT-1 Risk Score, and age (7-year time-integrated AUC = 0.79, 5-year AUC = 0.73). Higher GRS was significantly associated with increased progression rate from single to multiple positive autoantibodies after adjusting for age, autoantibody type, ethnicity, and sex (HR 2.27 for GRS >0.295, 95% CI 1.47-3.51; P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS The T1D GRS independently predicts progression to T1D and improves prediction along T1D stages in autoantibody-positive relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Redondo
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Andrea K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Seth Sharp
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - John M. Wentworth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael N. Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard A. Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 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Haynes A, Hardman C, Makin A, Halford J, Jebb S, Robinson E. Using portion size normality to predict compensatory intake after a lunchtime meal. Appetite 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Haynes A, Kersbergen I, Sutin A, Daly M, Robinson E. A systematic review of the relationship between weight status perceptions and weight loss attempts, strategies, behaviours and outcomes. Obes Rev 2018; 19:347-363. [PMID: 29266851 PMCID: PMC5814847 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
It is commonly assumed that a person identifying that they are 'overweight' is an important prerequisite to successful weight management. However, there has been no systematic evaluation of evidence supporting this proposition. The aim of the present research was to systematically review evidence on the relationship between perceived overweight and (i) weight loss attempts, (ii) weight control strategies (healthy and unhealthy), (iii) weight-related behaviours (physical activity and eating habits), (iv) disordered eating and (v) weight change. We synthesized evidence from 78 eligible studies and evaluated evidence linking perceived overweight with outcome variables separately according to the gender, age and objective weight status of study participants. Results indicated that perceived overweight was associated with an increased likelihood of attempting weight loss and with healthy and unhealthy weight control strategies in some participant groups. However, perceived overweight was not reliably associated with physical activity or healthy eating and was associated with greater disordered eating in some groups. Rather than being associated with improved weight management, there was consistent evidence that perceived overweight was predictive of increased weight gain over time. Individuals who perceive their weight status as overweight are more likely to report attempting weight loss but over time gain more weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Haynes
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - I Kersbergen
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Sutin
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - M Daly
- Behavioural Science Centre, Stirling Management School, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.,UCD Geary Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Robinson
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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7
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Chasland L, Naylor L, Clark A, Smith K, Haynes A, Maiorana A, Nosaka K, Dembo L, Green D. Responses to eccentric and concentric cycling in patients with chronic heart failure: Comparison to age-matched healthy controls. J Sci Med Sport 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Haynes A, Linden M, Robey E, Watts G, Barrett H, Naylor L, Green D. Impact of commonly prescribed exercise interventions on endothelial and platelet function in physically inactive and overweight men. J Sci Med Sport 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Haynes A, Linden M, Robey E, Naylor L, Cox K, Lautenschlager N, Green D. Effect of a six month walking intervention on platelet function in older sedentary adults: A randomised controlled trial. J Sci Med Sport 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Haynes A, Linden M, Robey E, Naylor L, Cox K, Lautenschlager N, Green D. Effect of a Six-Month Walking Intervention on Platelet Function in Older Sedentary Adults: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Thanigasalam R, Baumert H, Stricker P, Brenner P, Egger S, Chopra S, Symons J, Savdie R, Haynes A, Bohm M, Elhajj A, Smith D, Sutherland R, Rasiah K. Évaluation de la qualité de vie suite aux traitements actuels du cancer de prostate localisé. Prog Urol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2013.08.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Haynes A, Leo S, Chan E, Newhook L. Effects of Early Nutrition in the Prevention of Allergic Disease: Practices of General Pediatricians and Dietitians in Atlantic Canada. Paediatr Child Health 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/17.suppl_a.18a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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13
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Nelson J, Rinard K, Haynes A, Filleur S, Nelius T. Extraluminal colonic carcinoma invading into kidney: a case report and review of the literature. ISRN Urol 2011; 2011:707154. [PMID: 22084803 PMCID: PMC3198615 DOI: 10.5402/2011/707154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Renal metastasis from primary colon cancer is very rare, comprising less than 3% of secondary renal neoplasms. There are just 11 cases reported in the medical literature of colonic adenocarcinoma metastatic to the kidney. Of these cases, none occurred via direct invasion. We report a unique case of a 51-year-old female with extraluminal colonic adenocarcinoma which directly invaded into the kidney. Additionally, we investigate the causal relationship between the site of invasion and a previous stab injury by reviewing the role of the peritoneum and Gerota's fascia in preventing the spread of metastatic cancer into the perirenal space. Due to the rarity of this event, we present this case including a review of the existing literature relative to the diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nelson
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430-7260, USA
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14
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Chen P, Thanigasalam R, Stricker P, Matthews J, PeBenito R, Haynes A, Henshall S, Rasiah K. UP-1.129: The Clinico-Pathological Outcome of Men Undergoing Prostatectomy with PSA ≤ 4. Urology 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.07.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Savdie R, Yuen C, Stricker P, Macek P, Jagavkar R, Pe Benito R, Haynes A. MP-16.19: High Dose Rate Brachytherapy Compared to Open Radical Prostatectomy for the Treatment of High-Risk Prostate Cancer: 10 Year Biochemical Relapse-Free Survival. Urology 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.07.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Paddack J, Leocádio DE, Samathanam C, Nelius T, Haynes A. Transitional cell carcinoma due to chronic UroLume stent irritation. Urology 2009; 73:995-6. [PMID: 19193405 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2008.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 11/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UroLume stents have been used for >15 years to improve the voiding dynamics in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and urethral stricture disease. Common complications include stent migration, stricture within the stent, and urothelial hyperplasia, any of which could require stent removal, which itself carries morbidity. We report a case of high-grade urothelial carcinoma associated with chronic UroLume application.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Paddack
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79415, USA.
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Rosenfeld J, Winograd M, Haynes A, Labkovsky E. Enhancing the complex trial protocol (CTP) and detecting concealed information in a mock crime scenario. Int J Psychophysiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Horvath L, Thanigasalam R, Rasiah K, Stricker P, Earnest A, Haynes A, Sutherland S, Sutherland R, Henshall S. Stage migration and the Kattan nomogram. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.5162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
AIMS To investigate perinatal risk factors for childhood Type 1 diabetes in Western Australia, using a complete population-based cohort. METHODS Children born between 1980 and 2002 and diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes aged < 15 years (n = 940) up to 31 December 2003 were identified using a prospective population-based diabetes register with a case ascertainment rate of 99.8%. Perinatal data were obtained for all live births in Western Australia from 1980 to 2002 (n = 558 633) and record linkage performed to identify the records of cases. RESULTS The incidence of Type 1 diabetes increased by 13% for each 5-year increase in maternal age [adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05, 1.21], by 13% for every 500-g increase in birth weight (adjusted IRR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04, 1.23). The incidence decreased with increasing birth order (adjusted IRR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82, 0.96) and increasing gestational age (adjusted IRR 0.84, 95% CI 0.77, 0.93). A higher incidence of Type 1 diabetes was associated with an urban vs. non-urban maternal address at the time of birth (adjusted IRR 1.38, 95% CI 1.18, 1.63), but no association was found with socio-economic status of the area. CONCLUSIONS A higher incidence of Type 1 diabetes was associated with increasing maternal age, higher birth weight, lower gestational age, lower birth order and urban place of residence at the time of birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Haynes
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital, and Telethon Institute of Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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20
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Ung Y, Yu E, Falkson C, Laetsch N, Haynes A, Evans W, Mackay J. PD-118 High dose rate endobronchial brachytherapy (HDREB) in the palliation of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A systematic review. Lung Cancer 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(05)80451-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Toye AA, Lippiat JD, Proks P, Shimomura K, Bentley L, Hugill A, Mijat V, Goldsworthy M, Moir L, Haynes A, Quarterman J, Freeman HC, Ashcroft FM, Cox RD. A genetic and physiological study of impaired glucose homeostasis control in C57BL/6J mice. Diabetologia 2005; 48:675-86. [PMID: 15729571 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-005-1680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2004] [Accepted: 11/07/2004] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS C57BL/6J mice exhibit impaired glucose tolerance. The aims of this study were to map the genetic loci underlying this phenotype, to further characterise the physiological defects and to identify candidate genes. METHODS Glucose tolerance was measured in an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and genetic determinants mapped in an F2 intercross. Insulin sensitivity was measured by injecting insulin and following glucose disposal from the plasma. To measure beta cell function, insulin secretion and electrophysiological studies were carried out on isolated islets. Candidate genes were investigated by sequencing and quantitative RNA analysis. RESULTS C57BL/6J mice showed normal insulin sensitivity and impaired insulin secretion. In beta cells, glucose did not stimulate a rise in intracellular calcium and its ability to close KATP channels was impaired. We identified three genetic loci responsible for the impaired glucose tolerance. Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (Nnt) lies within one locus and is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proton pump. Expression of Nnt is more than sevenfold and fivefold lower respectively in C57BL/6J liver and islets. There is a missense mutation in exon 1 and a multi-exon deletion in the C57BL/6J gene. Glucokinase lies within the Gluchos2 locus and shows reduced enzyme activity in liver. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The C57BL/6J mouse strain exhibits plasma glucose intolerance reminiscent of human type 2 diabetes. Our data suggest a defect in beta cell glucose metabolism that results in reduced electrical activity and insulin secretion. We have identified three loci that are responsible for the inherited impaired plasma glucose tolerance and identified a novel candidate gene for contribution to glucose intolerance through reduced beta cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Toye
- Medical Research Council, Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
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Haynes A, Bower C, Bulsara MK, Jones TW, Davis EA. Continued increase in the incidence of childhood Type 1 diabetes in a population-based Australian sample (1985-2002). Diabetologia 2004; 47:866-70. [PMID: 15095039 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-004-1385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2003] [Accepted: 02/21/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Our aim was to determine the incidence of Type 1 diabetes in children who were 0 to 14 years of age in Western Australia from 1985 to 2002, and to analyse the trends in incidence rate over the same period. METHODS Primary case ascertainment was from a prospective population-based diabetes register that was established in 1987, and secondary case ascertainment was from the Western Australia Hospital Morbidity Data System. Denominator data were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Poisson regression was used to analyse the incidence rates by calendar year, sex and age at diagnosis. RESULTS There was a total of 1144 cases (560 boys, 584 girls). Using the capture-recapture method, case ascertainment was estimated to be 99.8% complete. The mean age standardised incidence from 1985 to 2002 was 16.5 per 100,000 person years (95% CI 14.7-18.2), ranging from 11.3 per 100,000 in 1985 to 23.2 per 100,000 in 2002. The incidence increased on average by 3.1% (95% CI 1.9%-4.2%) a year over the period ( p<0.001). No significant difference was found between boys and girls. A significant increase in incidence was found in all age groups, with no disproportionate increase found in the 0 to 4-year-olds. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The incidence of childhood-onset Type 1 diabetes in Western Australia has increased significantly over the past 18 years and shows no signs of abating. In contrast to other studies, a higher rate of increase was not found in the youngest children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Haynes
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital, and Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Telethon Institute of Child Health Research, Subiaco, Perth, Western Australia
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23
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Tilset M, Fjeldahl I, Hamon JR, Hamon P, Toupet L, Saillard JY, Costuas K, Haynes A. Theoretical, thermodynamic, spectroscopic, and structural studies of the consequences of one-electron oxidation on the Fe-X bonds in 17- and 18-electron Cp*Fe(dppe)X complexes (X = F, Cl, Br, I, H, CH3). J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:9984-10000. [PMID: 11592877 DOI: 10.1021/ja0106927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The compounds Cp*Fe(dppe)X ([Fe]X) and the corresponding cation radicals [Fe*]X*+ are available for the series X = F, Cl, Br, I, H, CH3. This has allowed for a detailed investigation of the dependence of the nature of Fe-X bonding on the identity of X and the oxidation state (charge) of the complex. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrates that the electrode potentials for the [Fe]X0/+ couples decrease in the order I > Br > Cl > H > F > CH3. An "inverse halide order" is seen, in which the most electronegative X leads to the most easily oxidized complex. This suggests that F is the best donor among the halides. The halide trend is also reflected in NMR spectroscopic data. Mössbauer spectroscopy data also suggest that the F ligand is a strong donor (relative to H and CH3) in [Fe*]X*+. DFT calculations on CpFe(dpe)X ([Fe]X) model complexes nicely reproduce the trend in the electrode potentials for the [Fe*]X0/+ couples. Analysis of the theoretical data within the halogen series indicates that the energy of the [Fe]X HOMO does not correlate with the extent of its Fe(d(pi))-X(p(pi)) antibonding character, which varies in the order I > Br > Cl > F, but rather depends on the destabilizing electrostatic effect caused by X. This effect varies in the order F > Cl > Br > I. A thermochemical cycle that incorporates the [Fe*]X0/+ and [Fe*]0/+ electrode potentials was used to investigate the effect of the oxidation state of the complex on the homolytic bond dissociation energy (BDEhom), defined for the processes Fe-X --> Fe* + X* and Fe-X*+ --> Fe*+ + X*. For all X, it was found that a one-electron oxidation leads to a weakening of the Fe-X bond. This trend was reproduced by the DFT calculations. On the other hand, IR nu(Fe-X) spectroscopy data showed an increase in the stretching frequencies for X = H and Cl upon oxidation. X-ray crystallographic data showed a shortening of the Fe-Cl bond upon oxidation. The trends in IR and Fe-Cl bond distances were reproduced in the DFT calculations. The combined data therefore suggest that oxidation leads to weaker, but shorter, Fe-X bonds. A second thermochemical cycle was applied to investigate the effect of the one-electron oxidation on the heterolytic bond dissociation energies (BDEhet), defined for the processes Fe-X --> Fe+ + X- and Fe-X*+ --> Fe2+ + X-. In this case, the oxidation led to bond strengthening in all cases. The computed BDE values have been analyzed within Ziegler's transition state methodology and decomposed into two components, one electrostatic and one covalent, describing the interaction between the unrelaxed fragments. In all the computed BDEhom and BDEhet values of the [Fe]X models the electrostatic component is important. This helps to understand their respective variations upon oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tilset
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway.
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Avner P, Bruls T, Poras I, Eley L, Gas S, Ruiz P, Wiles MV, Sousa-Nunes R, Kettleborough R, Rana A, Morissette J, Bentley L, Goldsworthy M, Haynes A, Herbert E, Southam L, Lehrach H, Weissenbach J, Manenti G, Rodriguez-Tome P, Beddington R, Dunwoodie S, Cox RD. A radiation hybrid transcript map of the mouse genome. Nat Genet 2001; 29:194-200. [PMID: 11586301 DOI: 10.1038/ng1001-194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Expressed-sequence tag (EST) maps are an adjunct to sequence-based analytical methods of gene detection and localization for those species for which such data are available, and provide anchors for high-density homology and orthology mapping in species for which large-scale sequencing has yet to be done. Species for which radiation hybrid-based transcript maps have been established include human, rat, mouse, dog, cat and zebrafish. We have established a comprehensive first-generation-placement radiation hybrid map of the mouse consisting of 5,904 mapped markers (3,993 ESTs and 1,911 sequence-tagged sites (STSs)). The mapped ESTs, which often originate from small-EST clusters, are enriched for genes expressed during early mouse embryogenesis and are probably different from those localized in humans. We have confirmed by in situ hybridization that even singleton ESTs, which are usually not retained for mapping studies, may represent bona fide transcribed sequences. Our studies on mouse chromosomes 12 and 14 orthologous to human chromosome 14 show the power of our radiation hybrid map as a predictive tool for orthology mapping in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Avner
- Genoscope, Centre National de Sequençage and CNRS UMR 8030, CP 5706, 91057 Evry Cedex, France.
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Hughes S, Haynes A, O'Regan M, Bumstead N. Identification, mapping, and phylogenetic analysis of three novel chicken CC chemokines. Immunogenetics 2001; 53:674-83. [PMID: 11797102 DOI: 10.1007/s002510100368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2001] [Revised: 08/13/2001] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have identified three novel chicken CC chemokine genes among cDNA clones derived from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells of the chicken macrophage cell line HD11. Two of these chemokines show DNA sequence homology to the mammalian genes SCYA20 (MIP-3alpha) and SCYA5 (RANTES), while the third shows similar levels of homology to several mammalian CC chemokines. Sequencing of genomic DNA showed that all three chicken chemokines possess the three-exon structure and conserved intron positions typical of mammalian CC chemokines. Genetic mapping of the three chicken chemokines locates them in three chromosomal regions which correspond to regions containing homologous chemokines in humans. Phylogenetic analysis of the currently known chicken and human chemokines suggests that individual chicken and human chemokines derive from common ancestral genes in patterns that reflect their genomic positions, indicating that the diversity of chemokine genes pre-dated avian-mammalian divergence. Since the function of the chemokines is principally to act as intermediates between stimulated cells and specific subsets of responding immune cells, this suggests that the complex organization of the immune system and diversity of responding cells were largely in place at that time.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hughes
- Institute for Animal Health, Compton Laboratory, Compton, Berkshire, RG20 7NN, UK
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Proctor SJ, Taylor PR, Angus B, Wood K, Lennard AL, Lucraft H, Carey PJ, Stark A, Iqbal A, Haynes A, Russel N, Leonard RC, Culligan D, Conn J, Jackson GH. High-dose ifosfamide in combination with etoposide and epirubicin (IVE) in the treatment of relapsed/refractory Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a report on toxicity and efficacy. Eur J Haematol Suppl 2001; 64:28-32. [PMID: 11486397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
One hundred and seven patients (61 with diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and 46 with Hodgkin's disease) in relapse or following of primary therapy received ifosfamide 3 g/m2 i.v. daily for 3 days in combination with epirubicin 50 mg/m2 i.v. day 1 and etoposide 200 mg/m2 i.v. days 1-3. Of the 46 patients with Hodgkin's disease (28 male, 18 female, and a median age of 28 years) 85% of patients had a response to treatment, with 17 achieving complete remission and 11 good partial remission. Twenty-eight proceeded to autologous bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Twenty-three patients remain alive in continuous remission with a follow-up of 12-61 months. The median overall survival time for all patients in this group is 36 months. Haematological toxicity, particularly WHO Grade IV neutropenia, occurred in all patients but improved over the three courses of treatment. There was no major non-haematological toxicity. Further trials of this regimen in this clinical situation are indicated. The patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in this study had diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and had only received first-line treatment. Twenty had primarily refractory disease, 15 had only achieved partial remissions (PR), and 26 had developed relapse following primary treatment. The overall response rate was 43%; it was 60% for those who had achieved initial PR, 58% for those in relapse after an initial CR or very good PR following initial therapy, but only 10% for those with primarily refractory disease. Tolerance to the regimen was similar to that observed in treatment of the patients with Hodgkin's disease and many were able to undergo stem cell collection, following mobilization with this regimen. The 2-year overall survival result was 22% for patients with some response to first-line treatment but 0% for primary refractory patients.
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Russell N, Bessell E, Stainer C, Haynes A, Das-Gupta E, Byrne J. Allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma or plasma cell leukaemia using fractionated total body radiation and high-dose melphalan conditioning. Acta Oncol 2001; 39:837-41. [PMID: 11145442 DOI: 10.1080/028418600750063596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
We have evaluated the outcome of allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma using a conditioning regimen comprising fractionated total body irradiation and high-dose melphalan (110 mg/m2). The study comprised 25 patients (median age 49 years) who had been transplanted by either bone marrow (n = 13) or G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (n = 12). Overall transplant-related mortality was 30% but was lower for patients < 50 years of age at transplant (21%). The main cause of treatment-related mortality was viral infection. Of the 19 patients evaluable post-transplant, 17 have so far achieved complete remissions. Currently, with a median follow-up of 3.4 years, 18 out of 25 patients are alive, of whom 15 are in continuing complete remission (CR) and 2 in second remission after suffering localized relapses, which were treated with radiotherapy and donor leucocyte infusions. Patients transplanted after 1 line of previous therapy, < 50 years of age and receiving peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) rather than bone marrow (BM) had a superior outcome, although there was no statistically significant factor. We conclude that allogeneic transplantation should be considered as a potentially curative option for younger patients with myeloma and that the regimen using fractionated total body irradiation and melphalan has a high CR rate and a relatively low risk of treatment-related mortality, particularly in younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Russell
- Division of Haematology, Nottingham City Hospital, UK.
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Clapham JC, Arch JR, Chapman H, Haynes A, Lister C, Moore GB, Piercy V, Carter SA, Lehner I, Smith SA, Beeley LJ, Godden RJ, Herrity N, Skehel M, Changani KK, Hockings PD, Reid DG, Squires SM, Hatcher J, Trail B, Latcham J, Rastan S, Harper AJ, Cadenas S, Buckingham JA, Brand MD, Abuin A. Mice overexpressing human uncoupling protein-3 in skeletal muscle are hyperphagic and lean. Nature 2000; 406:415-8. [PMID: 10935638 DOI: 10.1038/35019082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein-3 (UCP-3) is a recently identified member of the mitochondrial transporter superfamily that is expressed predominantly in skeletal muscle. However, its close relative UCP-1 is expressed exclusively in brown adipose tissue, a tissue whose main function is fat combustion and thermogenesis. Studies on the expression of UCP-3 in animals and humans in different physiological situations support a role for UCP-3 in energy balance and lipid metabolism. However, direct evidence for these roles is lacking. Here we describe the creation of transgenic mice that overexpress human UCP-3 in skeletal muscle. These mice are hyperphagic but weigh less than their wild-type littermates. Magnetic resonance imaging shows a striking reduction in adipose tissue mass. The mice also exhibit lower fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels and an increased glucose clearance rate. This provides evidence that skeletal muscle UCP-3 has the potential to influence metabolic rate and glucose homeostasis in the whole animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Clapham
- Department of Vascular Biology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Harlow, Essex, UK.
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29
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Jackson GH, Angus B, Carey PJ, Finney RD, Galloway MJ, Goff DK, Haynes A, Lennard AL, Leonard RC, McQuaker IG, Proctor SJ, Russell N, Windebank K, Taylor PR. High dose ifosfamide in combination with etoposide and epirubicin followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in the treatment of relapsed/refractory Hodgkin's disease: a report on toxicity and efficacy. Leuk Lymphoma 2000; 37:561-70. [PMID: 11042516 DOI: 10.3109/10428190009058508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) refractory to first line chemotherapy and those who have rapid or multiple relapses have a very poor prognosis. With the increasing use of hybrid chemotherapy these patients will have been exposed to many of the drugs active in HD so it is important to develop salvage regimens that are novel and demonstrate activity in this group of patients. We report the use of a continuous high dose infusion of ïfosfamide at a dose of 9g/m(2) over 3 days in combination with etoposide and epirubicin followed by autologous stem cell transplant with either BEAM or Melphalan/VP16 conditioning in this difficult group. Forty six patients (28M:18F) with a median age of 28 years (range 13-45) were treated. Overall 39 out of 46 (85%) patients responded to treatment, with 17 achieving complete remission and 11 a good partial remission; 28 proceeded to autologous bone marrow/stem cell transplantation. In total, 23 patients are alive and in continuous remission with a follow up of between 12 and 61 months. Median overall survival for the whole group is 36 months. Haematological toxicity, particularly neutropenia (WHO grade IV), was observed in all cases but improved over the 3 courses of treatment in all patients. Non-haematological toxicity was not a major problem; no significant cardiac, hepatic, renal, pulmonary or neuro toxicity was observed and there were no deaths on treatment. This regime shows promise in patients with difficult Hodgkin's disease and warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Jackson
- Department of Haematology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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30
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Bain BJ, Haynes A, Prentice AG, Luckit J, Swirsky D, Williams Y, Bhavnani M, Ezekwesili R. British Society for Haematology Slide Session, Annual Scientific Meeting, Brighton, 1999. Clin Lab Haematol 1999; 21:417-25. [PMID: 10702015 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2257.1999.00255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B J Bain
- Department of Haematology, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK
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31
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Cull G, Durrant L, Stainer C, Haynes A, Russell N. Generation of anti-idiotype immune responses following vaccination with idiotype-protein pulsed dendritic cells in myeloma. Br J Haematol 1999; 107:648-55. [PMID: 10583271 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01735.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Myeloma cells produce immunoglobulin which is unique to the malignant clone and presents antigenic determinants, or idiotypes, which may function as a tumour-specific antigen. The availability of significant quantities of idiotype protein in the serum makes immunotherapeutic strategies utilizing this protein to generate an anti-idiotype immune response an attractive prospect. We treated two patients with advanced refractory myeloma with a series of four vaccinations using autologous idiotype-protein pulsed dendritic cells combined with adjuvant GM-CSF. The vaccinations were well tolerated with a mild fever post-vaccination in one patient. An idiotype-specific T-cell proliferative response developed in both patients. This T-cell response was associated with the production of gamma-interferon, indicating a TH-1-like response. Furthermore, one patient developed anti-idiotype IgM antibodies. However, no idiotype-specific cytotoxic T-cell response could be demonstrated. Further investigation is warranted to define the optimal conditions for dendritic cell culture and priming to maximize the anti-tumour immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cull
- Department of Haematology, Division of Clinical and Laboratory Sciences, Queensland, Australia.
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32
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several new retrograde supracondylar intramedullary nails have been developed to specifically address fractures of the distal femur. The nails appear clinically effective, but there are few biomechanical data documenting the stability of the fixation or the mechanical stiffness of the different designs. The goal of this study was to assess the torsional and bending stiffness of four designs of intramedullary nails developed for this application. METHODS Four nail designs were tested in torsion and bending to determine system stiffness: Ace supracondylar, Richards "five hole" and "multi-hole" supracondylar, and Biomet retrograde. The nails were inserted into cadaveric femurs in which a one-centimeter distraction osteotomy had been created seven centimeters proximal to the condyles. The constructs were then tested on an Instron biaxial testing system. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in bending stiffness among the groups of nails (range 0.79 to 1.18 newtons/meter; p > 0.1). However, the Ace nails (1.10 newtonmeters/degree) did exhibit a statistically lower torsional stiffness compared with the other nails (2.20 to 2.21 newton-meters/ degree; p < 0. 1). No differences were noted as a function of the number of locking holes. CONCLUSIONS The bending stiffness of four currently available designs of retrograde intramedullary nails does not appear to be dependent on design variations. The torsional stiffness did vary among the four designs, but this was not determined by the number of fixation holes provided. It appears that a well-placed retrograde supracondylar nail of modern design should have sufficient stiffness to support the femur and provide stability during fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hora
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Johnson PW, Swinbank K, MacLennan S, Colomer D, Debuire B, Diss T, Gabert J, Gupta RK, Haynes A, Kneba M, Lee MS, Macintyre E, Mensink E, Moos M, Morgan GJ, Neri A, Johnson A, Reato G, Salles G, van't Veer MB, Zehnder JL, Zucca E, Selby PJ, Cotter FE. Variability of polymerase chain reaction detection of the bcl-2-IgH translocation in an international multicentre study. Ann Oncol 1999; 10:1349-54. [PMID: 10631464 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008385924543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The capacity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect very low numbers of cells bearing a t(14;18) translocation has led to its application in assessment of the results of treatment for follicular lymphoma, and suggestions that therapy might be guided by molecular studies. To test the reliability of PCR a collaborative study was undertaken to compare results from different laboratories in Europe and North America. METHODS Twenty laboratories with records of publication in molecular diagnostics were sent blood from normal donors with varying numbers of t(14;18)-bearing cells added from a cell line with a translocation in the major breakpoint region (MBR) of the bcl-2 gene. Samples contained 1000, 100, 10, 1 or 0 cells per ml of whole blood and were sent blinded in duplicate. PCR methodology varied widely, with the total number of amplification cycles between 30 and 70, and 13 different primers used for the MBR region. Twelve laboratories used nested PCR and eight single round amplification. RESULTS The sensitivity of nested and single round PCR was similar at 100 cells/ml but below this the nested method proved significantly more sensitive. The false positive rate was 28%, with 11 samples from 9 laboratories reported as positive when no t(14;18) cells were added. PCR product size and sequence analysis showed that false positives were due to contamination from cell-line DNA rather than background translocations in the donors. There was no significant difference in false positive rates between nested and single round techniques. CONCLUSION The polymerase chain reaction to detect bcl-2-IgH rearrangements is presently carried out with widely disparate results. Further effort is required to bring forward a standard PCR protocol which can be re-tested in different laboratories to improve accuracy and reproducibility. The application of quantitative techniques such as real-time PCR may resolve many of the problems presently encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Johnson
- ICRF Cancer Medicine Research Unit, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
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McQuaker I, Haynes A, Stainer C, Byrne J, Russell N. Mobilisation of peripheral blood stem cells with IVE and G-CSF improves CD34+ cell yields and engraftment in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease. Bone Marrow Transplant 1999; 24:715-22. [PMID: 10516673 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1701985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The transplantation of mobilised peripheral blood stem cells is associated with more rapid engraftment than marrow transplantation. We have previously reported that G-IVE (G-CSF, ifosphamide, VP-16, epirubicin) improves the yield of CD34+ cells mobilised in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders compared with cyclophosphamide 3 g/m2 and G-CSF (G/CYCLO). In this study we have extended these observations to a larger series of patients including different lymphoma subtypes. Ninety-seven patients undergoing stem cell mobilisation were studied. Forty-two patients with lymphoproliferative disorders received G-IVE for mobilisation and 55 patients G/CYCLO. The median number of mobilised CD34+cells per leucapheresis was significantly higher for those patients receiving G-IVE: 5.82 x 106/kg (0.19-36) compared with 1.2 x 106/kg (0.04-17), P < 0.001 which resulted in a significantly reduced number of leucapheresis procedures performed in the G-IVE group. When patients were analysed dependent on underlying disease G-IVE mobilised significantly more CD34+cells per leucapheresis for all lymphoma types reaching 8.41 x 10(6)/kg (0.2-32) compared to 1.32 x 10(6)/kg (0. 06-17) for patients with high-grade NHL mobilised with G-IVE and C-GCSF respectively (P = 0.012). For patients with low-grade NHL 3. 12 x 10(6)/kg (0.10-24.39) compared to 1.08 x 10(6)/kg (0.04-9.74) were collected (P = 0.04) and for patients with Hodgkin's disease 3.02 x 10(6)/kg (1.48-36) and 1.04 x 10(6)/kg (0.1-12.3) (P = 0.001). Mobilisation with G-IVE resulted in the achievement of clinically significant CD34+ cell thresholds in a significantly higher proportion of patients compared to cyclophosphamide and G-CSF reaching >2.5 x 10(6)/kg CD34+ cells in 88% vs 62% (P = 0.004), >5 x 10(6)/kg in 67% vs18% (P = 0.001) and >10 x 10(6)/kg in 31% vs 14.5% (P = 0.05). Furthermore, an analysis of engraftment demonstrated that there was a significant reduction in the time to achieve platelet counts of >20 and >50 x 10(9)/l in patients receiving each incremental dose of CD34+ cells. We conclude that G-IVE mobilizes significantly more CD34+cells than G/CYCLO in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. This effect is consistent in patients with high-grade NHL, low-grade NHL and HD and results in fewer failed stem collections and increased CD34+ cells available for transplantation which results in significantly accelerated platelet engraftment post transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- I McQuaker
- Department of Haematology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
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35
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Nitta Y, Beechey CV, Evans EP, Banerjee R, Haynes A, Denny P. FISH mapping of the mouse Ret oncogene to the junction of G-bands E3/F1 on chromosome 6 indicates a need for reassessment of the physical and consensus maps. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1999; 84:186-7. [PMID: 10393426 DOI: 10.1159/000015253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Nitta
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council, Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
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36
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Miflin G, Russell NH, Haynes A, Byrne JL, Marsh J, Gordon-Smith E. Second allogeneic transplant for severe aplastic anaemia following late graft rejection. Br J Haematol 1999; 105:570-1. [PMID: 10233820 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1999.01421.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhu YM, Foroni L, McQuaker IG, Papaioannou M, Haynes A, Russell HH. Mechanisms of relapse in acute leukaemia: involvement of p53 mutated subclones in disease progression in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Cancer 1999; 79:1151-7. [PMID: 10098750 PMCID: PMC2362216 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the p53 tumour suppressor gene are infrequent at presentation of both acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), being found in between 5-10% of AML and 2-3% of ALL. Here we have studied the frequency of detection of p53 mutations at relapse of both AML and B-precursor ALL. In those patients with detectable mutations at relapse we investigated whether the mutation was detectable at presentation and was thus an early initiating event or whether it had arisen as a late event associated with relapse. Bone marrow samples from 55 adults and children with relapsed AML (n = 41) or ALL (n = 14) were analysed for p53 gene alterations by direct sequencing of exons 5-9. For samples where a p53 mutation was found at relapse, analysis of presentation samples was carried out by direct sequencing of the exon involved, or by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) if the mutation could not be detected using direct sequencing. A p53 mutated gene was found at relapse in seven out of 55 cases. The frequency was higher in relapsed ALL (four out of 14 cases; 28.6%) compared to AML (three out of 41 cases; 7.3%). In five out of the seven cases presentation samples were available to study for the presence of the mutation. In two out of two AML patients the p53 mutation was detectable in the presentation sample by direct sequencing. In three ALL patients analysis of presentation material by direct sequencing showed a small mutant peak in one case, the other two being negative despite the sample analysed containing > 90% blast cells. However in both of these patients, the presence of p53 mutation was confirmed in the presentation sample using allele-specific PCR. In one of these patients the emergence of a subclone at relapse was confirmed by clonality analysis using IgH fingerprinting. Our results confirm that in ALL p53 mutations are present in a proportion of patients at relapse. Furthermore cells carrying the mutation are detectable at presentation in a minor clone suggesting that p53 mutations in ALL may be a mechanism contributing to disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Zhu
- Department of Haematology, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, UK
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38
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Rhodes M, Straw R, Fernando S, Evans A, Lacey T, Dearlove A, Greystrong J, Walker J, Watson P, Weston P, Kelly M, Taylor D, Gibson K, Mundy C, Bourgade F, Poirier C, Simon D, Brunialti AL, Montagutelli X, Gu'enet JL, Haynes A, Brown SD. A high-resolution microsatellite map of the mouse genome. Genome Res 1998; 8:531-42. [PMID: 9582196 DOI: 10.1101/gr.8.5.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The European Collaborative Interspecific Backcross (EUCIB) resource was constructed for the purposes of high-resolution genetic mapping of the mouse genome (). The large Mus spretus/C57BL/6 backcross of 982 progeny has a genetic resolution of 0.3 cM at the 95% confidence level ( approximately 500 kb in the mouse genome). We have used the EUCIB mapping resource to develop a genome-wide high-resolution genetic map incorporating 3368 microsatellites. The microsatellites are distributed among 2302 genetically separated bins with 1.46 markers per bin on average. Average bin separation is 0.61 cM. This high-resolution genetic map will aid the construction of a robust physical map of the mouse genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rhodes
- United Kingdom Human Genome Mapping Project (HGMP) Resource Centre, Hinxton CB10 1RQ, UK
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Moss RL, Enomoto TM, Haynes A, Fry DE, Glew RH. Parenteral feeding alters the fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids of rabbits. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1998; 22:98-101. [PMID: 9527967 DOI: 10.1177/014860719802200298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholestatic liver disease develops in 30% to 70% of neonates receiving total parental nutrition (TPN). We analyzed the fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids from control and TPN-fed rabbits to determine if TPN altered the fatty acid profile. METHODS Eleven male New Zealand White rabbits aged 9 to 11 weeks received TPN, whereas 11 other rabbits were offered standard laboratory rabbit chow ad libitum. After 14 days on the prescribed diet, serum samples were analyzed for their phospholipid fatty acid content by gas chromatography. RESULTS The proportions of palmitolenic (16:2n7), alpha-linolenic (18:3n3), arachidic (20:0), and eicosaenoic (20:1n9) acids were significantly lower in the serum phospholipids of the TPN-fed animals compared with the control group. The proportion of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3), a fatty acid that is critical to the development of the nervous system, was increased two- to threefold. CONCLUSIONS The differences in proportions of fatty acids observed between control and TPN-fed animals indicate that a fatty acid elongation and desaturation pathways are perturbed in rabbits on TPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Moss
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
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al-Barazanji KA, Buckingham RE, Arch JR, Haynes A, Mossakowska DE, McBay DL, Holmes SD, McHale MT, Wang XM, Gloger IS. Effects of intracerebroventricular infusion of leptin in obese Zucker rats. Obes Res 1997; 5:387-94. [PMID: 9385611 DOI: 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1997.tb00660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The obese Zucker rat (OZR) exhibits a missense mutation in the cDNA for the leptin receptor, producing a single amino acid substitution in the extracellular domain of the receptor. A mutation in the leptin receptor gene of the db/db mouse prevents the synthesis of the long splice variant of the receptor. The possibility that the OZR, like the db/db mouse, is refractory to the actions of murine leptin was tested by infusing the protein intracerebroventricularly via a minipump for 7 days. Lean Zucker rats (LZR) infused with leptin acted as positive controls, and other groups of OZR and LZR were infused with vehicle. In LZR, leptin reduced bodyweight and food intake and increased brown adipose tissue (BAT) temperature. Plasma corticosterone increased (61%) in these rats, and plasma triglycerides fell (78%). Leptin treatment improved tolerance to an oral glucose load (16% reduction in the area under the blood glucose curve) while lowering plasma insulin. In OZR, the actions of leptin were blunted. Food intake was slightly, but not significantly, reduced. Although there was a reduction in the rate of increase in body mass, the effect of leptin was about half that seen in LZR. BAT temperature and glucose tolerance were unchanged. In contrast to the elevated plasma corticosterone seen in LZR, leptin reduced the level of this hormone (27%) in OZR. In OZR and LZR treated with leptin, the plasma leptin levels were increased 24-fold and 47-fold, respectively. The results suggest that leptin retains some efficacy in OZR, although these rats are less responsive than LZR.
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Jackson GH, Taylor PR, Iqbal A, Galloway MJ, Turner G, Haynes A, Hamilton PJ, Russell N, Proctor SJ. The use of an all oral chemotherapy (idarubicin and etoposide) in the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia in the elderly: a report of toxicity and efficacy. Leukemia 1997; 11:1193-6. [PMID: 9264368 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2400726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is predominantly a disease of the elderly but such patients are not always appropriate candidates for intensive intravenous (i.v.) based treatment regimens. The development of the anthracycline idarubicin which is highly effective in the treatment of AML and is active when given orally has made it possible to design anti-leukaemic regimens which may be given orally and be particularly useful in those elderly patients with AML considered unsuitable for standard intensive aggressive treatments. We have assessed an oral regimen combining idarubicin 30 mg/m2 and etoposide 80 mg/m2 for 3 consecutive days as initial treatment in 28 elderly patients with AML (median age 69 years, range 56-81) who were not considered suitable for more intensive i.v. chemotherapy schedules. Following informed consent, two patients died before treatment began and one patient withdrew prior to treatment. Twenty-five patients underwent one to four courses of treatment. The schedule was well tolerated with minor nonhaematological toxicity. The first course was given in hospital, eight of 21 subsequent courses of treatment were given entirely as an out-patient. Eleven patients responded to treatment with nine (36%) achieving complete remission (CR). The median survival for all patients was 3 months, but for the nine who achieved a CR it is 9 months with six patients still alive, five in first CR and one in second CR. We conclude that a combination of idarubicin and etoposide given orally as first-line treatment in elderly patients with AML is safe and effective. In some patients this means treatment and follow-up can be given entirely on an out-patient basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Jackson
- Department of Haematology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Haynes A. Cancer among special populations: women, ethnic minorities, and the poor. Environ Health Perspect 1995; 103 Suppl 8:319-320. [PMID: 8741806 PMCID: PMC1518957 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.95103s8319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The study of cancer among women, ethnic minorities, and the poor can yield useful information about etiology and lead to effective recommendations for prevention. Opportunities exist for affecting cancer rates among women by studying and altering hormonal exposures and, possibly, alcohol consumption. The study of diet among ethnic groups may be more informative than among populations with homogeneous diets. The gender and racial differences among lung cancer patients related to tobacco need further research. Innovative multidisciplinary research is needed to reduce the ethnic, gender, and institutional barriers to ensure success in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Haynes
- Ranchos Palos Verdes, California, USA. mah@kaiwon
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Haynes A, Hunter A, McQuaker G, Anderson S, Bienz N, Russell NH. Engraftment characteristics of peripheral blood stem cells mobilised with cyclophosphamide and the delayed addition of G-CSF. Bone Marrow Transplant 1995; 16:359-63. [PMID: 8535307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The optimal protocol for the mobilisation of PBSC remains unknown. We present data on 42 patients mobilised with cyclophosphamide (3 or 4 g/m2) and the delayed addition of a standard 300 micrograms dose of G-CSF (Filgrastim) from day +5. The patients had received a median of 2 previous chemotherapy regimes, 38% had received prior radiotherapy and 38/42 had active disease at the time of mobilisation. The protocol was well tolerated and 38 patients proceeded to transplantation. The median number of CD34+ cells reinfused was 4.3 x 10(6)/kg (range 0.5-30) and CFU-GM 15.8 x 10(4)/kg (range 0-148). The total number of CD34+ cells harvested correlated with the total number of CFU-GM available for reinfusion (P = 0.008). Overall engraftment occurred within median days to neutrophils > 0.5 x 10(9)f/l or platelets > 20 x 10(9)/l of 14 and 13 days, respectively. Patients receiving more than 2.5 x 10(6)/kg CD34+ cells had even more rapid haemopoietic reconstitution with significant reductions in hospital stay and transfusion requirements. Those below this threshold had significantly delayed platelet engraftment. The mobilising dose of cyclophosphamide did not influence the achievement of the threshold CD34+ cell yield for optimal engraftment. The delayed addition of a standard 300 micrograms G-CSF dose after priming chemotherapy resulted in the use of a median 9 days hence 9 vials of G-CSF. This protocol presents the potential for cost saving without compromising the quality or success of PBSC mobilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Haynes
- Department of Haematology, Nottingham City Hospital, UK
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Evans P, Jack A, Short M, Haynes A, Shiach C, Owen R, Johnson R, Morgan GJ. A single tube nested RT-PCR for detecting the common myeloid specific chromosomal translocations. Leukemia 1995; 9:1285-6. [PMID: 7630205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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46
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Balczon R, Overstreet KA, Zinkowski RP, Haynes A, Appel M. The identification, purification, and characterization of a pancreatic beta-cell form of the microtubule adenosine triphosphatase kinesin. Endocrinology 1992; 131:331-6. [PMID: 1612013 DOI: 10.1210/endo.131.1.1612013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules have been implicated as being necessary for the secretion of insulin from beta-cells, although the mechanism by which cytoplasmic microtubules contribute to the release of insulin is unknown. Kinesin is a microtubule-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) that is thought to be responsible for the intracellular transport of vesicles and organelles. In this manuscript, the purification and preliminary characterization of a beta-cell form of kinesin is described. A 120-kilodalton antikinesin-reactive polypeptide was identified on blots when cultured insulinoma tumor cell lines were subjected to immunoblot analysis using monoclonal antibodies specific for the heavy chain of mammalian kinesin. The beta-cell form of kinesin was isolated from solid rat insulinoma tumors by cosedimentation of the kinesin with microtubules from tissue homogenates in the presence of adenylyl-imidodiphosphate. The beta-cell kinesin was further purified by gel filtration chromatography, and then the pure enzyme was characterized using in vitro assays. Although beta-cell kinesin showed little ATPase activity alone, the enzyme exhibited considerable ATP hydrolysis activity in the presence of taxol-stabilized microtubules. Moreover, in motility assays beta-cell kinesin was able to translocate microtubules across microscope coverslips in the presence of Mg(2+)-ATP. In summary, we report the identity of a novel islet beta-cell form of the microtubule-dependent ATPase kinesin and suggest a possible contribution of the microtubule cytoskeleton in insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Balczon
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile 36688
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Cameron G, Naylor M, Morris R, Haynes A, Patrick K, Lee M, Fischer S. Tumour promoter-induced release and metabolism of arachidonic acid: Comparison between mouse and human epidermal cells. Toxicol In Vitro 1992; 6:109-18. [DOI: 10.1016/0887-2333(92)90003-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/1991] [Revised: 09/17/1991] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Goate A, Chartier-Harlin MC, Mullan M, Brown J, Crawford F, Fidani L, Giuffra L, Haynes A, Irving N, James L. Segregation of a missense mutation in the amyloid precursor protein gene with familial Alzheimer's disease. Nature 1991; 349:704-6. [PMID: 1671712 DOI: 10.1038/349704a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2968] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A locus segregating with familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been mapped to chromosome 21, close to the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene. Recombinants between the APP gene and the AD locus have been reported which seemed to exclude it as the site of the mutation causing familial AD. But recent genetic analysis of a large number of AD families has demonstrated that the disease is heterogeneous. Families with late-onset AD do not show linkage to chromosome 21 markers. Some families with early-onset AD show linkage to chromosome 21 markers, but some do not. This has led to the suggestion that there is non-allelic genetic heterogeneity even within early onset familial AD. To avoid the problems that heterogeneity poses for genetic analysis, we have examined the cosegregation of AD and markers along the long arm of chromosome 21 in a single family with AD confirmed by autopsy. Here we demonstrate that in this kindred, which shows linkage to chromosome 21 markers, there is a point mutation in the APP gene. This mutation causes an amino-acid substitution (Val----Ile) close to the carboxy terminus of the beta-amyloid peptide. Screening other cases of familial AD revealed a second unrelated family in which this variant occurs. This suggests that some cases of AD could be caused by mutations in the APP gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Goate
- Department of Biochemistry, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, UK
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Khazaeli MB, Wheeler R, Rogers K, Teng N, Ziegler E, Haynes A, Saleh MN, Hardin JM, Bolmer S, Cornett J. Initial evaluation of a human immunoglobulin M monoclonal antibody (HA-1A) in humans. J Biol Response Mod 1990; 9:178-84. [PMID: 2341860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A human monoclonal antibody (HA-1A) directed against bacterial endotoxin was administered to 15 patients with incurable malignant disease. No adverse effects were noted following single intravenous infusions of 0.05 to 100 mg. Pharmacokinetics were evaluated in nine patients receiving 10 mg (n = 3), 25 mg (n = 3), and 100 mg (n = 3). Seven of these patients had initial peak serum concentrations greater than 80% of predicted values with plasma disappearance curves fitting a one-compartment system and a plasma half-life of 31.5 h (range of 20.3-44.6 h). The peak serum concentrations and area under the curve values were proportional to the dose of HA-1A administered. One patient had a hypercatabolic state with low levels of serum albumin and IgM. He achieved 65% of the predicted value for peak serum concentration of HA-1A with a plasma half-life of 12.3 h. A second patient had detectable serum HA-1A for only 15 min following infusion without an adequate technical or biologic explanation. We were unable to demonstrate antibody to HA-1A in sera from these nine patients either prior to therapy or during 28 days postinfusion using a "double-antigen" radiometric assay. This study suggests that HA-1A human monoclonal antibody administration is well tolerated by patients. Phase I trials will need to be carried out to characterize further the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of HA-1A in patients with gram-negative sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Khazaeli
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294
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50
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Saleh MN, LoBuglio AF, Wheeler RH, Rogers KJ, Haynes A, Lee JY, Khazaeli MB. A phase II trial of murine monoclonal antibody 17-1A and interferon-gamma: clinical and immunological data. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1990; 32:185-90. [PMID: 2126988 PMCID: PMC11038481 DOI: 10.1007/bf01771455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/1990] [Accepted: 08/09/1990] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A group of 15 patients with metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma received a combination of interferon gamma (0.1 mg/m2, days 1-15) and the murine monoclonal antibody 17-1A (400 mg, days 5, 7, 9 and 12). The treatment was tolerated with minimal toxicity. Of the 14 evaluable patients, 13 developed human antibody to murine 17-1A, with 11 patients demonstrating antibody to the variable region of 17-1A (anti-idiotype). Antibody to the variable region was inhibited by 17-1A but not by mouse immunoglobulin. Sera from patients with substantial anti-idiotype reactivity were capable of inhibiting the binding of murine 17-1A to antigen expressing LS174-T cells thus indicating the presence of antibody directed against the 17-1A combining site (mirror-image anti-idiotype). The median survival of the whole group was 56 weeks and there was no correlation between clinical response/survival and the development of anti-idiotype antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Saleh
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294
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