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Lyam PT, Duque-Lazo J, Hauenschild F, Schnitzler J, Muellner-Riehl AN, Greve M, Ndangalasi H, Myburgh A, Durka W. Climate change will disproportionally affect the most genetically diverse lineages of a widespread African tree species. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7035. [PMID: 35488120 PMCID: PMC9054768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Global climate change is proceeding at an alarming rate with major ecological and genetic consequences for biodiversity, particularly in drylands. The response of species to climate change may differ between intraspecific genetic groups, with major implications for conservation. We used molecular data from 10 nuclear and two chloroplast genomes to identify phylogeographic groups within 746 individuals from 29 populations of Senegalia senegal, a savannah tree species in sub-Saharan Africa. Three phylogroups are identified corresponding to Sudano-Sahelian, Zambezian and Southern African biogeographic regions in West, East and Southern Africa. Genetic diversity was highest in Southern and Zambesian and lowest in the Sudano-Sahelian phylogroups. Using species distribution modeling, we infer highly divergent future distributions of the phylogroups under three climate change scenarios. Climate change will lead to severe reductions of distribution area of the genetically diverse Zambezian (- 41-- 54%) and Southern (- 63-- 82%) phylogroups, but to an increase for the genetically depauperate Sudano-Sahelian (+ 7- + 26%) phylogroups. This study improves our understanding of the impact of climate change on the future distribution of this species. This knowledge is particularly useful for biodiversity management as the conservation of genetic resources needs to be considered in complementary strategies of in-situ conservation and assisted migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Lyam
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics and Herbarium (LZ), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, NCRI complex, Moor Plantation, P.M.B 5282, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | | | - Frank Hauenschild
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics and Herbarium (LZ), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Schnitzler
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics and Herbarium (LZ), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexandra N Muellner-Riehl
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics and Herbarium (LZ), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michelle Greve
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Henry Ndangalasi
- Department of Botany, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35060, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Annerine Myburgh
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Walter Durka
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology (BZF), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
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Lyam PT, Duque-Lazo J, Schnitzler J, Hauenschild F, Muellner-Riehl AN. Testing the forest refuge hypothesis in sub-Saharan Africa using species distribution modeling for a key savannah tree species, Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton. Frontiers of Biogeography 2020. [DOI: 10.21425/f5fbg48689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Päckert M, Favre A, Schnitzler J, Martens J, Sun Y, Tietze DT, Hailer F, Michalak I, Strutzenberger P. "Into and Out of" the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Himalayas: Centers of origin and diversification across five clades of Eurasian montane and alpine passerine birds. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:9283-9300. [PMID: 32953061 PMCID: PMC7487248 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Encompassing some of the major hotspots of biodiversity on Earth, large mountain systems have long held the attention of evolutionary biologists. The region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is considered a biogeographic source for multiple colonization events into adjacent areas including the northern Palearctic. The faunal exchange between the QTP and adjacent regions could thus represent a one-way street ("out of" the QTP). However, immigration into the QTP region has so far received only little attention, despite its potential to shape faunal and floral communities of the QTP. In this study, we investigated centers of origin and dispersal routes between the QTP, its forested margins and adjacent regions for five clades of alpine and montane birds of the passerine superfamily Passeroidea. We performed an ancestral area reconstruction using BioGeoBEARS and inferred a time-calibrated backbone phylogeny for 279 taxa of Passeroidea. The oldest endemic species of the QTP was dated to the early Miocene (ca. 20 Ma). Several additional QTP endemics evolved in the mid to late Miocene (12-7 Ma). The inferred centers of origin and diversification for some of our target clades matched the "out of Tibet hypothesis' or the "out of Himalayas hypothesis" for others they matched the "into Tibet hypothesis." Three radiations included multiple independent Pleistocene colonization events to regions as distant as the Western Palearctic and the Nearctic. We conclude that faunal exchange between the QTP and adjacent regions was bidirectional through time, and the QTP region has thus harbored both centers of diversification and centers of immigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Päckert
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections, Museum of ZoologyDresdenGermany
| | - Adrien Favre
- Entomology IIISenckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Jan Schnitzler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ)Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Jochen Martens
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular EvolutionJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversitätMainzGermany
| | - Yue‐Hua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and ConservationInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Dieter Thomas Tietze
- Natural History Museum BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Centrum für NaturkundeUniversität HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Frank Hailer
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research CentreFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Ingo Michalak
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ)Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Patrick Strutzenberger
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections, Museum of ZoologyDresdenGermany
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversität WienWienAustria
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Pannell CM, Schnitzler J, Muellner-Riehl AN. Two new species and a new species record of Aglaia (Meliaceae) from Indonesia. PhytoKeys 2020; 155:33-51. [PMID: 32863723 PMCID: PMC7428463 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.155.53833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two new species of Aglaia from Indonesia are described, Aglaia monocaula restricted to West Papua, and Aglaia nyaruensis occurring on Borneo (Kalimantan, Brunei, Sabah and Sarawak). A phylogenetic analysis using nuclear ITS and ETS, and plastid rps15-ycf1 sequence data indicates that the two new species of Aglaia are also genetically distinct. Aglaia monocaula belongs to sectionAmoora, while A. nyaruensis is included in section Aglaia. A dichotomous key, drawings and three-locus DNA barcodes are provided as aids for the identification of the two new species of Aglaia. In addition, the geographic range of Aglaia mackiana (section Amoora) is expanded from a single previously known site in Papua New Guinea to West Papua, Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M. Pannell
- University of Oxford, Department of Plant Sciences and Daubeny Herbarium (FHO), South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, United KingdomLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K), Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, United KingdomUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Queen’s University Belfast, Marine Laboratory, 12–13 The Strand, Portaferry, County Down, BT22 1PF, United KingdomRoyal Botanic GardensKewUnited Kingdom
- Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Johannisallee 21–23, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyQueen’s UniversityBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Jan Schnitzler
- Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Johannisallee 21–23, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyQueen’s UniversityBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Alexandra N. Muellner-Riehl
- Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Johannisallee 21–23, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyQueen’s UniversityBelfastUnited Kingdom
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity ResearchLeipzigGermany
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Holzmeyer L, Hartig AK, Franke K, Brandt W, Muellner-Riehl AN, Wessjohann LA, Schnitzler J. Evaluation of plant sources for antiinfective lead compound discovery by correlating phylogenetic, spatial, and bioactivity data. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12444-12451. [PMID: 32393619 PMCID: PMC7275773 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915277117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance and viral diseases are rising around the world and are becoming major threats to global health, food security, and development. One measure that has been suggested to mitigate this crisis is the development of new antibiotics. Here, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the phylogenetic and biogeographic patterns of antiinfective compounds from seed plants in one of the most species-rich regions on Earth and identify clades with naturally occurring substances potentially suitable for the development of new pharmaceutical compounds. Specifically, we combine taxonomic and phylogenetic data for >7,500 seed plant species from the flora of Java with >16,500 secondary metabolites and 6,255 georeferenced occurrence records to 1) identify clades in the phylogeny that are characterized by either an overrepresentation ("hot clades") or an underrepresentation ("cold clades") of antiinfective compounds and 2) assess the spatial patterns of plants with antiinfective compounds relative to total plant diversity across the region. Across the flora of Java, we identify 26 "hot clades" with plant species providing a high probability of finding antibiotic constituents. In addition, 24 "cold clades" constitute lineages with low numbers of reported activities but which have the potential to yield novel compounds. Spatial patterns of plant species and metabolite diversity are strongly correlated across Java, indicating that regions of highest species diversity afford the highest potential to discover novel natural products. Our results indicate that the combination of phylogenetic, spatial, and phytochemical information is a useful tool to guide the selection of taxa for efforts aimed at lead compound discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Holzmeyer
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Hartig
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Katrin Franke
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexandra N Muellner-Riehl
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Schnitzler
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Singh G, Grande FD, Schnitzler J, Pfenninger M, Schmitt I. Different diversification histories in tropical and temperate lineages in the ascomycete subfamily Protoparmelioideae (Parmeliaceae). MycoKeys 2018; 36:1-19. [PMID: 29997448 PMCID: PMC6037653 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.36.22548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Environment and geographic processes affect species' distributions as well as evolutionary processes, such as clade diversification. Estimating the time of origin and diversification of organisms helps us understand how climate fluctuations in the past might have influenced the diversification and present distribution of species. Complementing divergence dating with character evolution could indicate how key innovations have facilitated the diversification of species. Methods: We estimated the divergence times within the newly recognised subfamily Protoparmelioideae (Ascomycota) using a multilocus dataset to assess the temporal context of diversification events. We reconstructed ancestral habitats and substrate using a species tree generated in *Beast. Results: We found that the diversification in Protoparmelioideae occurred during the Miocene and that the diversification events in the tropical clade Maronina predate those of the extratropical Protoparmelia. Character reconstructions suggest that the ancestor of Protoparmelioideae was most probably a rock-dwelling lichen inhabiting temperate environments. Conclusions: Major diversification within the subtropical/tropical genus Maronina occurred between the Paleocene and Miocene whereas the diversifications within the montane, arctic/temperate genus Protoparmelia occurred much more recently, i.e. in the Miocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Singh
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Francesco Dal Grande
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan Schnitzler
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Markus Pfenninger
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Imke Schmitt
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Schnitzler J, Tiessens F, Moens SB, Dallinga-Thie G, Groen A, Stroes E, Kroon J. Nile Red quantifier: A novel and quantitative tool to study lipid accumulation in patient-derived circulating monocytes using confocal microscopy. Atherosclerosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hauenschild F, Favre A, Schnitzler J, Michalak I, Freiberg M, Muellner-Riehl AN. Spatio-temporal evolution of Allium L. in the Qinghai-Tibet-Plateau region: Immigration and in situ radiation. Plant Divers 2017; 39:167-179. [PMID: 30159508 PMCID: PMC6112296 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of studies investigating the origin and evolution of diverse mountain taxa has assumed a causal link between geological processes (orogenesis) and a biological response (diversification). Yet, a substantial delay (up to 30 Myr) between the start of orogenesis and diversification is often observed. Evolutionary biologists should therefore identify alternative drivers of diversification and maintenance of biodiversity in mountain systems. Using phylogenetic, biogeographic, and diversification rate analyses, we could identify two independent processes that most likely explain the diversity of the widespread genus Allium in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) region: (1) While the QTP-related taxa of the subgenus Melanocrommyum diversified in situ, (2) QTP-related taxa of other subgenera migrated into the QTP from multiple source areas. Furthermore, shifts in diversification rates within Allium could not be attributed spatially and temporally to the uplift history of the QTP region. Instead, global cooling and climate oscillations in the Quaternary were major contributors to increased speciation rates in three clades of Allium. Our study therefore adds to the growing evidence supporting the "mountain-geo-biodiversity hypothesis", which highlights the role of climate oscillations for the diversification of mountain organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hauenschild
- Leipzig University, Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Johannisallee 21–23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adrien Favre
- Leipzig University, Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Johannisallee 21–23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Schnitzler
- Leipzig University, Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Johannisallee 21–23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ingo Michalak
- Leipzig University, Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Johannisallee 21–23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Freiberg
- Leipzig University, Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity Research, Johannisallee 21–23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexandra N. Muellner-Riehl
- Leipzig University, Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Johannisallee 21–23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Ebersbach J, Schnitzler J, Favre A, Muellner-Riehl AN. Evolutionary radiations in the species-rich mountain genus Saxifraga L. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:119. [PMID: 28545386 PMCID: PMC5445344 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A large number of taxa have undergone evolutionary radiations in mountainous areas, rendering alpine systems particularly suitable to study the extrinsic and intrinsic factors that have shaped diversification patterns in plants. The species-rich genus Saxifraga L. is widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere, with high species numbers in the regions adjacent to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) in particular the Hengduan Mountains and the Himalayas. Using a dataset of 297 taxa (representing at least 60% of extant Saxifraga species), we explored the variation of infrageneric diversification rates. In addition, we used state-dependent speciation and extinction models to test the effects of geographic distribution in the Hengduan Mountains and the entire QTP region as well as of two morphological traits (cushion habit and specialized lime-secreting glands, so-called hydathodes) on the diversification of this genus. Results We detected two to three rate shifts across the Saxifraga phylogeny and two of these shifts led to radiations within two large subclades of Saxifraga, sect. Ciliatae Haworth subsect. Hirculoideae Engl. & Irmsch. and sect. Porphyrion Tausch subsect. Kabschia Engl. GEOSSE analyses showed that presence in the Hengduan Mountains had a positive effect on diversification across Saxifraga. Influence of these mountains was strongest in Saxifraga sect. Ciliatae subsect. Hirculoideae given its pronounced distribution there, and thus the radiation in this group can be classified at least partially as geographic. In contrast, the evolution of the cushion life form and lime-secreting hydathodes had positive effects on diversification only in selected Saxifraga sections, including sect. Porphyrion subsect. Kabschia. We therefore argue that radiation in this group was likely adaptive. Conclusions Our study underlines the complexity of processes and factors underpinning plant radiations: Even in closely related lineages occupying the same life zone, shifts in diversification are not necessarily governed by similar factors. In conclusion, alpine plant radiations result from a complex interaction among geographical settings and/or climatic modifications providing key opportunities for diversification as well as the evolution of key innovations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0967-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ebersbach
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - J Schnitzler
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Favre
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A N Muellner-Riehl
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Barnosky AD, Hadly EA, Gonzalez P, Head J, Polly PD, Lawing AM, Eronen JT, Ackerly DD, Alex K, Biber E, Blois J, Brashares J, Ceballos G, Davis E, Dietl GP, Dirzo R, Doremus H, Fortelius M, Greene HW, Hellmann J, Hickler T, Jackson ST, Kemp M, Koch PL, Kremen C, Lindsey EL, Looy C, Marshall CR, Mendenhall C, Mulch A, Mychajliw AM, Nowak C, Ramakrishnan U, Schnitzler J, Das Shrestha K, Solari K, Stegner L, Stegner MA, Stenseth NC, Wake MH, Zhang Z. Merging paleobiology with conservation biology to guide the future of terrestrial ecosystems. Science 2017; 355:355/6325/eaah4787. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aah4787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Verweij S, Moens SB, Kroon J, Schnitzler J, Stroes E. Increased arterial wall inflammation in patients with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia. Atherosclerosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Matuszak S, Favre A, Schnitzler J, Muellner-Riehl AN. Key innovations and climatic niche divergence as drivers of diversification in subtropical Gentianinae in southeastern and eastern Asia. Am J Bot 2016; 103:899-911. [PMID: 27208358 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Geological and climatic changes associated with the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) have been suggested as drivers for biological diversification locally and in neighboring regions. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the niche evolution of Tripterospermum (Gentianaceae) and related Asian genera through time. METHODS We conducted Species Distribution Modeling using Maximum Entropy Modeling (MaxEnt). Furthermore, we performed stochastic character mapping and produced disparity-through-time plots, and examined putative key innovations using the binary state speciation and extinction approach (BISSE). KEY RESULTS Kuepferia and Sinogentiana prefer the coolest and driest habitat, having rather conserved niches. Despite a tendency for niche evolution, Crawfurdia and Metagentiana are probably restricted to a narrow distribution range because of their poor dispersal ability. In contrast, Tripterospermum has the broadest niche and occurs under the warmest and wettest conditions. A higher degree of niche evolution and a more efficient dispersal mechanism allowed this genus to diversify more and occupy a broader distribution range. CONCLUSIONS The QTP genera producing dry capsules, whether displaying niche conservatism (Kuepferia and Sinogentiana) or a tendency for niche evolution (Crawfurdia and Metagentiana), are less species-rich and have a more restricted distribution than Tripterospermum (stronger niche evolution and berry-like fruits). The evolution of berry-like fruits corresponds to increased speciation rates, and could therefore be viewed as a key innovation. In contrast to the majority of studies on plants occurring around the QTP, we find that speciation was probably mediated by niche breadth and dispersal ability rather than geophysical changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Matuszak
- Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium Lipsiense (LZ), Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany Goethe University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60439 Frankfurt/Main, Germany Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Adrien Favre
- Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium Lipsiense (LZ), Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Schnitzler
- Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium Lipsiense (LZ), Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexandra N Muellner-Riehl
- Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium Lipsiense (LZ), Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Polly PD, Lawing AM, Eronen JT, Schnitzler J. Processes of ecometric patterning: modelling functional traits, environments, and clade dynamics in deep time. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. David Polly
- Departments of Geological Sciences, Biology and Anthropology; Indiana University; 1001 E. 10th Street Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - A. Michelle Lawing
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management; Spatial Sciences Laboratory; Texas A&M University; 1500 Research Parkway Suite 223 B 2120 TAMU College Station TX 77843-2120 USA
| | - Jussi T. Eronen
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F); Senckenberganlage 25 D-60325 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jan Schnitzler
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F); Senckenberganlage 25 D-60325 Frankfurt am Main Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Silvestro
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences; University of Gothenburg; Carl Skottsbergs gata 22B 413 19 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Nicolas Salamin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics; Quartier Sorge; 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jan Schnitzler
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre; Senckenberg Research Institute; Senckenberganlage 25 60325 Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences; Goethe University; Max-von-Laue-Str. 13 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
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15
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Previšić A, Schnitzler J, Kučinić M, Graf W, Ibrahimi H, Kerovec M, Pauls SU. Microscale vicariance and diversification of Western Balkan caddisflies linked to karstification. Freshw Sci 2014; 33:250-262. [PMID: 27042385 PMCID: PMC4813752 DOI: 10.1086/674430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The karst areas in the Dinaric region of the Western Balkan Peninsula are a hotspot of freshwater biodiversity. Many investigators have examined diversification of the subterranean freshwater fauna in these karst systems. However, diversification of surface-water fauna remains largely unexplored. We assessed local and regional diversification of surface-water species in karst systems and asked whether patterns of population differentiation could be explained by dispersal-diversification processes or allopatric diversification following karst-related microscale vicariance. We analyzed mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) sequence data of 4 caddisfly species (genus Drusus) in a phylogeographic framework to assess local and regional population genetic structure and Pliocene/Pleistocene history. We used BEAST software to assess the timing of intraspecific diversification of the target species. We compared climate envelopes of the study species and projected climatically suitable areas during the last glacial maximum (LGM) to assess differences in the species climatic niches and infer potential LGM refugia. The haplotype distribution of the 4 species (324 individuals from 32 populations) was characterized by strong genetic differentiation with few haplotypes shared among populations (16%) and deep divergence among populations of the 3 endemic species, even at local scales. Divergence among local populations of endemics often exceeded divergence among regional and continental clades of the widespread D. discolor. Major divergences among regional populations dated to 2.0 to 0.5 Mya. Species distribution model projections and genetic structure suggest that the endemic species persisted in situ and diversified locally throughout multiple Pleistocene climate cycles. The pattern for D. discolor was different and consistent with multiple invasions into the region. Patterns of population genetic structure and diversification were similar for the 3 regional endemic Drusus species and consistent with microscale vicariance after the onset of intensified karstification in the Dinaric region. Karstification may induce microscale vicariance of running surface-water habitats and probably promotes allopatric fragmentation of stream insects at small spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Previšić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jan Schnitzler
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Mladen Kučinić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Wolfram Graf
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecology Management, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Max-Emanuel-Straße 17, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Halil Ibrahimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina, Mother Theresa p.n., 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Mladen Kerovec
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Steffen U Pauls
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Silvestro D, Schnitzler J, Liow LH, Antonelli A, Salamin N. Bayesian estimation of speciation and extinction from incomplete fossil occurrence data. Syst Biol 2014; 63:349-67. [PMID: 24510972 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syu006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The temporal dynamics of species diversity are shaped by variations in the rates of speciation and extinction, and there is a long history of inferring these rates using first and last appearances of taxa in the fossil record. Understanding diversity dynamics critically depends on unbiased estimates of the unobserved times of speciation and extinction for all lineages, but the inference of these parameters is challenging due to the complex nature of the available data. Here, we present a new probabilistic framework to jointly estimate species-specific times of speciation and extinction and the rates of the underlying birth-death process based on the fossil record. The rates are allowed to vary through time independently of each other, and the probability of preservation and sampling is explicitly incorporated in the model to estimate the true lifespan of each lineage. We implement a Bayesian algorithm to assess the presence of rate shifts by exploring alternative diversification models. Tests on a range of simulated data sets reveal the accuracy and robustness of our approach against violations of the underlying assumptions and various degrees of data incompleteness. Finally, we demonstrate the application of our method with the diversification of the mammal family Rhinocerotidae and reveal a complex history of repeated and independent temporal shifts of both speciation and extinction rates, leading to the expansion and subsequent decline of the group. The estimated parameters of the birth-death process implemented here are directly comparable with those obtained from dated molecular phylogenies. Thus, our model represents a step towards integrating phylogenetic and fossil information to infer macroevolutionary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Silvestro
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Koecke AV, Muellner-Riehl AN, Pennington TD, Schorr G, Schnitzler J. Niche evolution through time and across continents: The story of Neotropical Cedrela (Meliaceae). Am J Bot 2013; 100:1800-1810. [PMID: 24018859 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1300059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Climatic and geological changes have been considered as major drivers of biological diversification. However, it has been generally assumed that lineages retain common environmental affinities, suggesting a limited capacity to switch their climatic niche. We tested this assumption with a study of the evolution of climatic niches in the Neotropical tree genus Cedrela (Meliaceae). • METHODS We combined distribution models of extant Cedrela with a dated molecular phylogeny based on one nuclear (ITS) and three plastid markers (psbA-trnH, trnS-G and psbB-T-N) to reconstruct the evolutionary dynamics of climatic niches. We calculated relative disparity of climatic tolerances over time to test for niche evolution within subclades or divergence between subclades and conservatism among closely related groups. Published fossil records and studies on paleosols were evaluated for the distribution and climatic conditions of extinct Cedrela. • KEY RESULTS The fossil record of Cedrela suggested a major biome shift from paratropical conditions into warm-temperate seasonal climates in the Early Oligocene of western North America. In the Miocene, Cedrela extended from North America (John Day Formation, Oregon, USA) to southern Central America (Gatún, Panama). Diversification in the early evolutionary history was mainly driven by changes in precipitation. Temperature had an increasing impact on ecological diversification of the genus from the Miocene onwards. Sister-species comparisons revealed that recent speciation events may be related to divergence of climatic tolerances. • CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the complexity of climatic niche dynamics, and shows how conservatism and evolution have acted on different temporal scales and climatic parameters in Cedrela.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Valerie Koecke
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) & Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Grunelius-Moellgaard Laboratory, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Fritz SA, Schnitzler J, Eronen JT, Hof C, Böhning-Gaese K, Graham CH. Diversity in time and space: wanted dead and alive. Trends Ecol Evol 2013; 28:509-16. [PMID: 23726658 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Current patterns of biological diversity are influenced by both historical and present-day factors, yet research in ecology and evolution is largely split between paleontological and neontological studies. Responding to recent calls for integration, we provide a conceptual framework that capitalizes on data and methods from both disciplines to investigate fundamental processes. We highlight the opportunities arising from a combined approach with four examples: (i) which mechanisms generate spatial and temporal variation in diversity; (ii) how traits evolve; (iii) what determines the temporal dynamics of geographical ranges and ecological niches; and (iv) how species-environment and biotic interactions shape community structure. Our framework provides conceptual guidelines for combining paleontological and neontological perspectives to unravel the fundamental processes shaping life on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne A Fritz
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) and Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany.
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Weigand AM, Jochum A, Slapnik R, Schnitzler J, Zarza E, Klussmann-Kolb A. Evolution of microgastropods (Ellobioidea, Carychiidae): integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and evolutionary hypotheses. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:18. [PMID: 23343473 PMCID: PMC3558328 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current biodiversity patterns are considered largely the result of past climatic and tectonic changes. In an integrative approach, we combine taxonomic and phylogenetic hypotheses to analyze temporal and geographic diversification of epigean (Carychium) and subterranean (Zospeum) evolutionary lineages in Carychiidae (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea). We explicitly test three hypotheses: 1) morphospecies encompass unrecognized evolutionary lineages, 2) limited dispersal results in a close genetic relationship of geographical proximally distributed taxa and 3) major climatic and tectonic events had an impact on lineage diversification within Carychiidae. Results Initial morphospecies assignments were investigated by different molecular delimitation approaches (threshold, ABGD, GMYC and SP). Despite a conservative delimitation strategy, carychiid morphospecies comprise a great number of unrecognized evolutionary lineages. We attribute this phenomenon to historic underestimation of morphological stasis and phenotypic variability amongst lineages. The first molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the Carychiidae (based on COI, 16S and H3) reveals Carychium and Zospeum to be reciprocally monophyletic. Geographical proximally distributed lineages are often closely related. The temporal diversification of Carychiidae is best described by a constant rate model of diversification. The evolution of Carychiidae is characterized by relatively few (long distance) colonization events. We find support for an Asian origin of Carychium. Zospeum may have arrived in Europe before extant members of Carychium. Distantly related Carychium clades inhabit a wide spectrum of the available bioclimatic niche and demonstrate considerable niche overlap. Conclusions Carychiid taxonomy is in dire need of revision. An inferred wide distribution and variable phenotype suggest underestimated diversity in Zospeum. Several Carychium morphospecies are results of past taxonomic lumping. By collecting populations at their type locality, molecular investigations are able to link historic morphospecies assignments to their respective evolutionary lineage. We propose that rare founder populations initially colonized a continent or cave system. Subsequent passive dispersal into adjacent areas led to in situ pan-continental or mountain range diversifications. Major environmental changes did not influence carychiid diversification. However, certain molecular delimitation methods indicated a recent decrease in diversification rate. We attribute this decrease to protracted speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Weigand
- Department of Phylogeny and Systematics, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Biosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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20
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Silvestro D, Schnitzler J, Zizka G. A Bayesian framework to estimate diversification rates and their variation through time and space. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:311. [PMID: 22013891 PMCID: PMC3224121 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patterns of species diversity are the result of speciation and extinction processes, and molecular phylogenetic data can provide valuable information to derive their variability through time and across clades. Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo methods offer a promising framework to incorporate phylogenetic uncertainty when estimating rates of diversification. Results We introduce a new approach to estimate diversification rates in a Bayesian framework over a distribution of trees under various constant and variable rate birth-death and pure-birth models, and test it on simulated phylogenies. Furthermore, speciation and extinction rates and their posterior credibility intervals can be estimated while accounting for non-random taxon sampling. The framework is particularly suitable for hypothesis testing using Bayes factors, as we demonstrate analyzing dated phylogenies of Chondrostoma (Cyprinidae) and Lupinus (Fabaceae). In addition, we develop a model that extends the rate estimation to a meta-analysis framework in which different data sets are combined in a single analysis to detect general temporal and spatial trends in diversification. Conclusions Our approach provides a flexible framework for the estimation of diversification parameters and hypothesis testing while simultaneously accounting for uncertainties in the divergence times and incomplete taxon sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Silvestro
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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21
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Schnitzler J, Barraclough TG, Boatwright JS, Goldblatt P, Manning JC, Powell MP, Rebelo T, Savolainen V. Causes of Plant Diversification in the Cape Biodiversity Hotspot of South Africa. Syst Biol 2011; 60:343-57. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syr006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schnitzler
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Timothy G. Barraclough
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK
- Division of Biology and NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| | - James S. Boatwright
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Peter Goldblatt
- Missouri Botanical Garden, PO Box 299, St Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA
| | - John C. Manning
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martyn P. Powell
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Tony Rebelo
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Vincent Savolainen
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK
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Hulth A, Andrews N, Ethelberg S, Dreesman J, Faensen D, van Pelt W, Schnitzler J. Practical usage of computer-supported outbreak detection in five European countries. Euro Surveill 2010; 15:19658. [PMID: 20843470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper discusses computer-supported outbreak detection using routine surveillance data, as implemented at six institutes for infectious disease control in five European countries. We give an overview of the systems used at the Statens Serum Institut (Denmark), Health Protection Agency (England, Wales and Northern Ireland), Robert Koch Institute (Germany), Governmental Institute of Public Health of Lower Saxony (Germany), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (the Netherlands) and Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control (Sweden). Despite the usefulness of the algorithms or the outbreak detection procedure itself, all institutes have experienced certain limitations of the systems. The paper therefore concludes with a list of recommendations for institutes planning to introduce computer-supported outbreak detection, based on experiences on the practical usage of the systems. This list--which concerns usability, standard operating procedures and evaluation--might also inspire improvements of systems in use today.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hulth
- Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Hulth A, Andrews N, Ethelberg S, Dreesman J, Faensen D, van Pelt W, Schnitzler J. Practical usage of computer-supported outbreak detection in five European countries. Euro Surveill 2010. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.15.36.19658-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hulth
- Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Andrews
- Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - J Dreesman
- Governmental Institute of Public Health of Lower Saxony, Hannover, Germany
| | - D Faensen
- Current affiliation: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany (affiliation where the work was performed)
| | - W van Pelt
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - J Schnitzler
- Current affiliation: World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany (affiliation where the work was performed)
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Valente LM, Reeves G, Schnitzler J, Mason IP, Fay MF, Rebelo TG, Chase MW, Barraclough TG. DIVERSIFICATION OF THE AFRICAN GENUSPROTEA(PROTEACEAE) IN THE CAPE BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT AND BEYOND: EQUAL RATES IN DIFFERENT BIOMES. Evolution 2010; 64:745-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00856.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schnitzler J, Schöneberg I, Altmann D, Alpers K, Krause G. [Echinococcosis in Germany. Notifications under the Protection Against Infection Act (2001-2004)]. MMW Fortschr Med 2007; 149:47. [PMID: 17612235 DOI: 10.1007/bf03364963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Schnitzler
- Robert Koch-Institut, Postfach 650261, D-13302 Berlin
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Kiss IJ, Faragó E, Schnitzler J, Várhelyi I. Amoxycillin levels in human serum, bile, gallbladder, lung, and liver tissue. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1981; 19:69-74. [PMID: 7216553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Amoxycillin levels were measured in the serum, bile, lung, gallbladder, and liver tissue in 19 cases of lung and 22 cases of cholecyst operations following intramuscular administration of 1 g amoxycillin. After 60-160 min, 4.4-5.6 mcg/g intact lung tissue and 1.5-3.9 mcg/g tumorous lung tissue concentrations were found, representing 41-48% and 15-32%, respectively, of the corresponding serum levels. Between 70 and 160 min when the ducts cysticus was open, the cystic bile contained 5.2-8.8 mcg/ml, the bile taken from the biliary ducts showed 10.9-13.2 mcg/ml, whereas the wall of the gallbladder and the liver tissue displayed 4.4-5.1 and 1.7-2.8 mcg/g amoxycillin levels. These levels represented 50-92, 118-136, 50-52 and 17-28% of the actual serum levels. As in the serum levels, the bile and tissue levels were about twice as high as those following ampicillin administration. The amoxycillin levels measured in the serum, bile, and other tissue tissues in most cases exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentrations for most of the bacteria usually considered. Therefore, amoxycillin can be applied successfully to treat respiratory and biliary infections.
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Czakó Z, Schnitzler J, Molnár E. [Problems of thoracic surgery in old age]. Zentralbl Chir 1974; 99:491-5. [PMID: 4838018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Schnitzler J. [The development of thoracic surgery at our clinic during the past 25 years]. Orv Hetil 1973; 114:2273-9. [PMID: 4594270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kiss J, Schnitzler J, Juhász I. [The use of doxycycline (vibramycin) in thoracic surgery and respiratory tract diseases]. Orv Hetil 1973; 114:1931-3. [PMID: 4732103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Faragó E, Kiss J, Iván E, Schnitzler J, Juhász I, Fábián E. [Bacterial sensitivity tests in serum and lung tissue using doxycycline (Vibramycin)]. Orv Hetil 1973; 114:1860-3. [PMID: 4724889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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32
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Barzó P, Gyulai I, Schnitzler J. [Pulmonary changes caused by aspiration of mineral oil]. Prax Pneumol 1973; 27:216-25. [PMID: 4698441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Schnitzler J. [Significance of the variability of pulmonary lobes in surgery]. Z Erkr Atmungsorgane Folia Bronchol 1973; 137:153-60. [PMID: 4488891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Juhász I, Schnitzler J, Szentkereszty B, Molnár E. [Patients surgically treated for bronchial cancer during 1950-1968]. Orv Hetil 1972; 113:2585-6. [PMID: 5078184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Csorba L, Schnitzler J. [The work and prospectives of thoracic surgery departments]. Orv Hetil 1971; 112:2379. [PMID: 5130832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Schnitzler J, Nagy M. [Variations of the lingula and inferior lobe in surgery of bronchiectasis]. Bronches 1971; 21:356-65. [PMID: 5153207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Schnitzler J, Szentkereszty B, Kónya L, Matus L, Bacsa S, Aranyosi J, Czakó Z, Juhász I, Kiss J, Molnár E. [The surgical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in our clinic (1947-1966)]. Orv Hetil 1971; 112:1383-7. [PMID: 5568937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Czakó Z, Schnitzler J, Kiss J, Matus L. [Surgical treatment of pulmonary gangrene]. Orv Hetil 1970; 111:2531-3. [PMID: 5488125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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39
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Kiss J, Faragó E, Bacsa S, Schnitzler J. [In vitro study of Methacycline (Rondomycin) and its use in thoracic surgery and respiratory tract diseases]. Orv Hetil 1969; 110:2759-63. [PMID: 5360130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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40
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Schnitzler J. [Bronchial cancer in general practice]. Orv Hetil 1969; 110:2173-4. [PMID: 5350569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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41
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Kiss J, Schnitzler J, Fábian E, Faragó E. [Changes in the antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from patients with thoracic surgery during 1961-1967]. Orv Hetil 1968; 109:1519-23. [PMID: 5709935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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42
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Czakó Z, Schnitzler J, Nagy M, Kónya L. [Early results of the resection of primary bronchiectasis]. Orv Hetil 1967; 108:2374-5. [PMID: 5585646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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43
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Matus L, Schnitzler J. [The use of mediastinoscopy in the diagnosis of the operability of bronchial cancer]. Orv Hetil 1967; 108:1983-5. [PMID: 5584473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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44
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Schnitzler J. [On the problem of cavernostomy]. Wien Med Wochenschr 1966; 116:249-52. [PMID: 5984126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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